File: blk03420.txt
7j5=:BTC/BTC:thor1wx5av89rghsmgh2vh40aknx7csvs7xj2cr474n?Y
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<p>This ordinal needs a smart contract to be completed.</p>
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{"attributes":[{"trait_type":"Mouth","value":"Bored Unshaven"},{"trait_type":"Eyes","value":"Bloodshot"},{"trait_type":"Fur","value":"Robot"},{"trait_type":"Hat","value":"Sushi Chef Headband"},{"trait_type":"Background","value":"Yellow"},{"trait_type":"Clothes","value":"Cowboy Shirt"}],"external_url":"https://baycbitcoin.com/index/bayc/9103","image":"ipfs://QmWwSKeAhhs1CNNDDkMaYgdWvZjrCUyfczc51JXp81i3H1/9103.png"}
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{"attributes":[{"trait_type":"Fur","value":"Red"},{"trait_type":"Background","value":"Purple"},{"trait_type":"Mouth","value":"Phoneme Vuh"},{"trait_type":"Earring","value":"Silver Hoop"},{"trait_type":"Clothes","value":"Rainbow Suspenders"},{"trait_type":"Eyes","value":"Sleepy"}],"external_url":"https://baycbitcoin.com/index/bayc/3295","image":"ipfs://QmWwSKeAhhs1CNNDDkMaYgdWvZjrCUyfczc51JXp81i3H1/3295.png"}
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c/Foundry USA Pool #dropgold/
{"attributes":[{"trait_type":"Background","value":"Aquamarine"},{"trait_type":"Fur","value":"Robot"},{"trait_type":"Clothes","value":"Bone Necklace"},{"trait_type":"Mouth","value":"Bored"},{"trait_type":"Eyes","value":"Bloodshot"},{"trait_type":"Earring","value":"Gold Stud"}],"external_url":"https://baycbitcoin.com/index/bayc/6095","image":"ipfs://QmWwSKeAhhs1CNNDDkMaYgdWvZjrCUyfczc51JXp81i3H1/6095.png"}
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{"attributes":[{"trait_type":"Clothes","value":"Kings Robe"},{"trait_type":"Background","value":"Purple"},{"trait_type":"Eyes","value":"Hypnotized"},{"trait_type":"Hat","value":"Short Mohawk"},{"trait_type":"Fur","value":"Gray"},{"trait_type":"Mouth","value":"Tongue Out"},{"trait_type":"Earring","value":"Cross"}],"external_url":"https://baycbitcoin.com/index/bayc/7754","image":"ipfs://QmWwSKeAhhs1CNNDDkMaYgdWvZjrCUyfczc51JXp81i3H1/7754.png"}
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{"attributes":[{"trait_type":"Mouth","value":"Phoneme ooo"},{"trait_type":"Fur","value":"Cream"},{"trait_type":"Clothes","value":"Wool Turtleneck"},{"trait_type":"Eyes","value":"Scumbag"},{"trait_type":"Hat","value":"Fez"},{"trait_type":"Background","value":"New Punk Blue"}],"external_url":"https://baycbitcoin.com/index/bayc/3080","image":"ipfs://QmWwSKeAhhs1CNNDDkMaYgdWvZjrCUyfczc51JXp81i3H1/3080.png"}
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Came in from a rainy Thursday on the avenue
Thought I heard you talking softly
I turned on the lights, the TV, and the radio
Still I can't escape the ghost of you
What has happened to it all?
Where is the life that I recognize?
But I won't cry for yesterday
There's an ordinary world
Somehow I have to find
And as I try to make my way
To the ordinary world
I will learn to survive
Passion or coincidence
Once prompted you to say
"Pride will tear us both apart"
e's gone out the window
Left me in the vacuum of my heart
What is happening to me?
Where is my friend when I need you most?
But I won't cry for yesterday
There's an ordinary world
Somehow I have to find
And as I try to make my way
To the ordinary world
I will learn to survive
Papers in the roadside
Tell of suffering and greed
Fear today, forgot tomorrow
Ooh, here besides the news
Of holy war and holy need
Ours is just a little sorrowed talk
And I don't cry for yesterday
There's an ordinary world
Somehow I have to find
And as I try to make my way
To the ordinary world
I will learn to survive
Is my world (I will learn to survive)
Is my world (I will learn to survive)
Bj@=:ETH.ETH:0xA6ABe5a70BE0B6b043da7e1CB86c05C41B726cff:20770294::0
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Congratulations! You've just stumbled upon a vibe of a digital artifact:
Within the blockchain's endless code,
Treasures wait to be bestowed.
A golden coin, a shining hope,
An inscription on an ordinal slope.
The journey begins with just one clue,
Follow the trail to something new.
To find the "alpha", you must be clever,
Solve the riddle & FOLLOW forever.
Bitcoin's promise, our hope's decree,
Inscriptions on ordinals, DOMINATE with glee.
But remember, the journey's not complete,
Join us at @ordinalsofhope to staL
Oh! One last thing while you search who we are,
don't Forget who actually set this bar...
THE MAN, MYTH & LEGEND CASEY RODARMOR!! h!
Bj@=:ETH.ETH:0xBC9f2E794c0BFAA8fc293aBf0Fe34364462f0025:15869363::0
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JjH=:THOR.RUNE:thor1s9su9wjjzs43uxztjngvp4xs0q90dqdwzdqk0r:7005316857:xdf:0
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url = "http://127.0.0.1:8332/"
Change RPC credentials
'Authorization': 'Basic dXNlcjpwYXNz',
'Content-Type': 'text/plain'
devnull = open(os.devnull, 'w')
def install_libbtc():
print("Installing libbtc...")
subprocess.run('sudo apt-get install build-essential libevent-dev; git clone https://github.com/libbtc/libbtc.git; cd libbtc; ./autogen.sh; ./configure; make; sudo make install', shell=True, stdout=devnull, sM
print("Installed libbtc")
peers = getpeerinfo()
peers_str = ','.join(peers)
tx_hex = input("Enter transation hex: ")
command = f"bitcoin-send-tx -d -i {peers_str} {tx_hex}"
result = subprocess.run(command, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
output = result.stdout.decode()
error_output = result.stderr.decode()
if error_output:
print(f"Error: {error_output}")
success_output = '\n'.join([line for lM
ine in output.split('\n') if "tx successfully seen on" in line])
print(success_output)
peers = getpeerinfo()
peer_address = input("Enter peer address to ban: ")
payload = {"jsonrpc": "1.0", "id":"test", "method": "setban", "params": [peer_address, "add", 7890000]}
response = requests.request("POST",url, headers=headers, json=payload)
payload = "{\"jsonrpc\": \"1.0\", \"id\": \"test\", \"method\": \"getpeeM
rinfo\", \"params\": []}"
response = requests.request("POST", url, headers=headers, data=payload)
for peer in response.json()['result']:
peers.append(peer['addr'])
print("1. Install libbtc")
print("2. List peers")
print("3. Broadcast tx to peers")
print("4. Ban peers")
print("0. Quit")
choice = input("Enter your choice: ")
if choice == "1":
install_libbtc()
elif choice == "2":
elif choice == "3":
broadcast_tx()
elif choice == "4":
elif choice == "0":
print("Invalid choice, please try again.")
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text/plain;charset=utf-8
Sing, O goddess, the anger of Achilles son of Peleus, that brought
countless ills upon the Achaeans. Many a brave soul did it send hurrying
down to Hades, and many a hero did it yield a prey to dogs and vultures,
for so were the counsels of Jove fulfilled from the day on which the
son of Atreus, king of men, and great Achilles, first fell out with
And which of the gods was it that set them on to quarrel? It was the
son of Jove and Leto; for heM
was angry with the king and sent a pestilence
upon the host to plague the people, because the son of Atreus had
dishonoured Chryses his priest. Now Chryses had come to the ships
of the Achaeans to free his daughter, and had brought with him a great
ransom: moreover he bore in his hand the sceptre of Apollo wreathed
with a suppliant's wreath and he besought the Achaeans, but most of
all the two sons of Atreus, who were their chiefs.
"Sons of Atreus," he cried, "and all other Achaeans, may the gods
ell in Olympus grant you to sack the city of Priam, and to reach
your homes in safety; but free my daughter, and accept a ransom for
her, in reverence to Apollo, son of Jove."
On this the rest of the Achaeans with one voice were for respecting
the priest and taking the ransom that he offered; but not so Agamemnon,
who spoke fiercely to him and sent him roughly away. "Old man," said
he, "let me not find you tarrying about our ships, nor yet coming
hereafter. Your sceptre of the god and your wreath shall prM
nothing. I will not free her. She shall grow old in my house at Argos
far from her own home, busying herself with her loom and visiting
my couch; so go, and do not provoke me or it shall be the worse for
The old man feared him and obeyed. Not a word he spoke, but went by
the shore of the sounding sea and prayed apart to King Apollo whom
lovely Leto had borne. "Hear me," he cried, "O god of the silver bow,
that protectest Chryse and holy Cilla and rulest Tenedos with thy
thou of Sminthe. If I have ever decked your temple
with garlands, or burned your thigh-bones in fat of bulls or goats,
grant my prayer, and let your arrows avenge these my tears upon the
Thus did he pray, and Apollo heard his prayer. He came down furious
from the summits of Olympus, with his bow and his quiver upon his
shoulder, and the arrows rattled on his back with the rage that trembled
within him. He sat himself down away from the ships with a face as
dark as night, and his silver bow rangM
death as he shot his arrow
in the midst of them. First he smote their mules and their hounds,
but presently he aimed his shafts at the people themselves, and all
day long the pyres of the dead were burning.
For nine whole days he shot his arrows among the people, but upon
the tenth day Achilles called them in assembly- moved thereto by Juno,
who saw the Achaeans in their death-throes and had compassion upon
them. Then, when they were got together, he rose and spoke among them.
"Son of Atreus," said heM
, "I deem that we should now turn roving home
if we would escape destruction, for we are being cut down by war and
pestilence at once. Let us ask some priest or prophet, or some reader
of dreams (for dreams, too, are of Jove) who can tell us why Phoebus
Apollo is so angry, and say whether it is for some vow that we have
broken, or hecatomb that we have not offered, and whether he will
accept the savour of lambs and goats without blemish, so as to take
away the plague from us."
With these words he sat dowM
n, and Calchas son of Thestor, wisest of
augurs, who knew things past present and to come, rose to speak. He
it was who had guided the Achaeans with their fleet to Ilius, through
the prophesyings with which Phoebus Apollo had inspired him. With
all sincerity and goodwill he addressed them thus:-
"Achilles, loved of heaven, you bid me tell you about the anger of
King Apollo, I will therefore do so; but consider first and swear
that you will stand by me heartily in word and deed, for I know that
fend one who rules the Argives with might, to whom all the
Achaeans are in subjection. A plain man cannot stand against the anger
of a king, who if he swallow his displeasure now, will yet nurse revenge
till he has wreaked it. Consider, therefore, whether or no you will
And Achilles answered, "Fear not, but speak as it is borne in upon
you from heaven, for by Apollo, Calchas, to whom you pray, and whose
oracles you reveal to us, not a Danaan at our ships shall lay his
hand upon you, while I M
yet live to look upon the face of the earth-
no, not though you name Agamemnon himself, who is by far the foremost
Thereon the seer spoke boldly. "The god," he said, "is angry neither
about vow nor hecatomb, but for his priest's sake, whom Agamemnon
has dishonoured, in that he would not free his daughter nor take a
ransom for her; therefore has he sent these evils upon us, and will
yet send others. He will not deliver the Danaans from this pestilence
till Agamemnon has restored the girlM
without fee or ransom to her
father, and has sent a holy hecatomb to Chryse. Thus we may perhaps
With these words he sat down, and Agamemnon rose in anger. His heart
was black with rage, and his eyes flashed fire as he scowled on Calchas
and said, "Seer of evil, you never yet prophesied smooth things concerning
me, but have ever loved to foretell that which was evil. You have
brought me neither comfort nor performance; and now you come seeing
among Danaans, and saying that Apollo has plaguM
ed us because I would
not take a ransom for this girl, the daughter of Chryses. I have set
my heart on keeping her in my own house, for I love her better even
than my own wife Clytemnestra, whose peer she is alike in form and
feature, in understanding and accomplishments. Still I will give her
up if I must, for I would have the people live, not die; but you must
find me a prize instead, or I alone among the Argives shall be without
one. This is not well; for you behold, all of you, that my prize is
And Achilles answered, "Most noble son of Atreus, covetous beyond
all mankind, how shall the Achaeans find you another prize? We have
no common store from which to take one. Those we took from the cities
have been awarded; we cannot disallow the awards that have been made
already. Give this girl, therefore, to the god, and if ever Jove grants
us to sack the city of Troy we will requite you three and fourfold."
Then Agamemnon said, "Achilles, valiant though you be, you shall not
me. You shall not overreach and you shall not persuade
me. Are you to keep your own prize, while I sit tamely under my loss
and give up the girl at your bidding? Let the Achaeans find me a prize
in fair exchange to my liking, or I will come and take your own, or
that of Ajax or of Ulysses; and he to whomsoever I may come shall
rue my coming. But of this we will take thought hereafter; for the
present, let us draw a ship into the sea, and find a crew for her
expressly; let us put a hecatomb on board, and let M
also; further, let some chief man among us be in command, either Ajax,
or Idomeneus, or yourself, son of Peleus, mighty warrior that you
are, that we may offer sacrifice and appease the the anger of the
Achilles scowled at him and answered, "You are steeped in insolence
and lust of gain. With what heart can any of the Achaeans do your
bidding, either on foray or in open fighting? I came not warring here
for any ill the Trojans had done me. I have no quarrel with them.
t raided my cattle nor my horses, nor cut down my harvests
on the rich plains of Phthia; for between me and them there is a great
space, both mountain and sounding sea. We have followed you, Sir Insolence!
for your pleasure, not ours- to gain satisfaction from the Trojans
for your shameless self and for Menelaus. You forget this, and threaten
to rob me of the prize for which I have toiled, and which the sons
of the Achaeans have given me. Never when the Achaeans sack any rich
city of the Trojans do I receiveM
so good a prize as you do, though
it is my hands that do the better part of the fighting. When the sharing
comes, your share is far the largest, and I, forsooth, must go back
to my ships, take what I can get and be thankful, when my labour of
fighting is done. Now, therefore, I shall go back to Phthia; it will
be much better for me to return home with my ships, for I will not
stay here dishonoured to gather gold and substance for you."
And Agamemnon answered, "Fly if you will, I shall make you no prayers
to stay you. I have others here who will do me honour, and above all
Jove, the lord of counsel. There is no king here so hateful to me
as you are, for you are ever quarrelsome and ill affected. What though
you be brave? Was it not heaven that made you so? Go home, then, with
your ships and comrades to lord it over the Myrmidons. I care neither
for you nor for your anger; and thus will I do: since Phoebus Apollo
is taking Chryseis from me, I shall send her with my ship and my followers,
but I shall come to yM
our tent and take your own prize Briseis, that
you may learn how much stronger I am than you are, and that another
may fear to set himself up as equal or comparable with me."
The son of Peleus was furious, and his heart within his shaggy breast
was divided whether to draw his sword, push the others aside, and
kill the son of Atreus, or to restrain himself and check his anger.
While he was thus in two minds, and was drawing his mighty sword from
its scabbard, Minerva came down from heaven (for Juno had sentM
in the love she bore to them both), and seized the son of Peleus by
his yellow hair, visible to him alone, for of the others no man could
see her. Achilles turned in amaze, and by the fire that flashed from
her eyes at once knew that she was Minerva. "Why are you here," said
he, "daughter of aegis-bearing Jove? To see the pride of Agamemnon,
son of Atreus? Let me tell you- and it shall surely be- he shall pay
for this insolence with his life."
And Minerva said, "I come from heaven, if you will hear M
you stay your anger. Juno has sent me, who cares for both of you alike.
Cease, then, this brawling, and do not draw your sword; rail at him
if you will, and your railing will not be vain, for I tell you- and
it shall surely be- that you shall hereafter receive gifts three times
as splendid by reason of this present insult. Hold, therefore, and
"Goddess," answered Achilles, "however angry a man may be, he must
do as you two command him. This will be best, for the gods ever hear
ers of him who has obeyed them."
He stayed his hand on the silver hilt of his sword, and thrust it
back into the scabbard as Minerva bade him. Then she went back to
Olympus among the other gods, and to the house of aegis-bearing Jove.
But the son of Peleus again began railing at the son of Atreus, for
he was still in a rage. "Wine-bibber," he cried, "with the face of
a dog and the heart of a hind, you never dare to go out with the host
in fight, nor yet with our chosen men in ambuscade. You shun this
s you do death itself. You had rather go round and rob his prizes
from any man who contradicts you. You devour your people, for you
are king over a feeble folk; otherwise, son of Atreus, henceforward
you would insult no man. Therefore I say, and swear it with a great
oath- nay, by this my sceptre which shalt sprout neither leaf nor
shoot, nor bud anew from the day on which it left its parent stem
upon the mountains- for the axe stripped it of leaf and bark, and
now the sons of the Achaeans bear it as judges M
and guardians of the
decrees of heaven- so surely and solemnly do I swear that hereafter
they shall look fondly for Achilles and shall not find him. In the
day of your distress, when your men fall dying by the murderous hand
of Hector, you shall not know how to help them, and shall rend your
heart with rage for the hour when you offered insult to the bravest
With this the son of Peleus dashed his gold-bestudded sceptre on the
ground and took his seat, while the son of Atreus was beginniM
from his place upon the other side. Then uprose smooth-tongued Nestor,
the facile speaker of the Pylians, and the words fell from his lips
sweeter than honey. Two generations of men born and bred in Pylos
had passed away under his rule, and he was now reigning over the third.
With all sincerity and goodwill, therefore, he addressed them thus:-
"Of a truth," he said, "a great sorrow has befallen the Achaean land.
Surely Priam with his sons would rejoice, and the Trojans be glad
could hear this quarrel between you two, who are
so excellent in fight and counsel. I am older than either of you;
therefore be guided by me. Moreover I have been the familiar friend
of men even greater than you are, and they did not disregard my counsels.
Never again can I behold such men as Pirithous and Dryas shepherd
of his people, or as Caeneus, Exadius, godlike Polyphemus, and Theseus
son of Aegeus, peer of the immortals. These were the mightiest men
ever born upon this earth: mightiest were they, andM
the fiercest tribes of mountain savages they utterly overthrew them.
I came from distant Pylos, and went about among them, for they would
have me come, and I fought as it was in me to do. Not a man now living
could withstand them, but they heard my words, and were persuaded
by them. So be it also with yourselves, for this is the more excellent
way. Therefore, Agamemnon, though you be strong, take not this girl
away, for the sons of the Achaeans have already given her to Achilles;
Achilles, strive not further with the king, for no man who
by the grace of Jove wields a sceptre has like honour with Agamemnon.
You are strong, and have a goddess for your mother; but Agamemnon
is stronger than you, for he has more people under him. Son of Atreus,
check your anger, I implore you; end this quarrel with Achilles, who
in the day of battle is a tower of strength to the Achaeans."
And Agamemnon answered, "Sir, all that you have said is true, but
this fellow must needs become our lord and masteM
of all, king of all, and captain of all, and this shall hardly be.
Granted that the gods have made him a great warrior, have they also
given him the right to speak with railing?"
Achilles interrupted him. "I should be a mean coward," he cried, "were
I to give in to you in all things. Order other people about, not me,
for I shall obey no longer. Furthermore I say- and lay my saying to
your heart- I shall fight neither you nor any man about this girl,
for those that take were those also M
that gave. But of all else that
is at my ship you shall carry away nothing by force. Try, that others
may see; if you do, my spear shall be reddened with your blood."
When they had quarrelled thus angrily, they rose, and broke up the
assembly at the ships of the Achaeans. The son of Peleus went back
to his tents and ships with the son of Menoetius and his company,
while Agamemnon drew a vessel into the water and chose a crew of twenty
oarsmen. He escorted Chryseis on board and sent moreover a hecatomb
the god. And Ulysses went as captain.
These, then, went on board and sailed their ways over the sea. But
the son of Atreus bade the people purify themselves; so they purified
themselves and cast their filth into the sea. Then they offered hecatombs
of bulls and goats without blemish on the sea-shore, and the smoke
with the savour of their sacrifice rose curling up towards heaven.
Thus did they busy themselves throughout the host. But Agamemnon did
not forget the threat that he had made Achilles, and caM
messengers and squires Talthybius and Eurybates. "Go," said he, "to
the tent of Achilles, son of Peleus; take Briseis by the hand and
bring her hither; if he will not give her I shall come with others
and take her- which will press him harder."
He charged them straightly further and dismissed them, whereon they
went their way sorrowfully by the seaside, till they came to the tents
and ships of the Myrmidons. They found Achilles sitting by his tent
and his ships, and ill-pleased he was wheM
n he beheld them. They stood
fearfully and reverently before him, and never a word did they speak,
but he knew them and said, "Welcome, heralds, messengers of gods and
men; draw near; my quarrel is not with you but with Agamemnon who
has sent you for the girl Briseis. Therefore, Patroclus, bring her
and give her to them, but let them be witnesses by the blessed gods,
by mortal men, and by the fierceness of Agamemnon's anger, that if
ever again there be need of me to save the people from ruin, they
k and they shall not find. Agamemnon is mad with rage and
knows not how to look before and after that the Achaeans may fight
by their ships in safety."
Patroclus did as his dear comrade had bidden him. He brought Briseis
from the tent and gave her over to the heralds, who took her with
them to the ships of the Achaeans- and the woman was loth to go. Then
Achilles went all alone by the side of the hoar sea, weeping and looking
out upon the boundless waste of waters. He raised his hands in prayer
mortal mother, "Mother," he cried, "you bore me doomed to
live but for a little season; surely Jove, who thunders from Olympus,
might have made that little glorious. It is not so. Agamemnon, son
of Atreus, has done me dishonour, and has robbed me of my prize by
As he spoke he wept aloud, and his mother heard him where she was
sitting in the depths of the sea hard by the old man her father. Forthwith
she rose as it were a grey mist out of the waves, sat down before
him as he stood weeping, caresseM
d him with her hand, and said, "My
son, why are you weeping? What is it that grieves you? Keep it not
from me, but tell me, that we may know it together."
Achilles drew a deep sigh and said, "You know it; why tell you what
you know well already? We went to Thebe the strong city of Eetion,
sacked it, and brought hither the spoil. The sons of the Achaeans
shared it duly among themselves, and chose lovely Chryseis as the
meed of Agamemnon; but Chryses, priest of Apollo, came to the ships
of the Achaeans to M
free his daughter, and brought with him a great
ransom: moreover he bore in his hand the sceptre of Apollo, wreathed
with a suppliant's wreath, and he besought the Achaeans, but most
of all the two sons of Atreus who were their chiefs.
"On this the rest of the Achaeans with one voice were for respecting
the priest and taking the ransom that he offered; but not so Agamemnon,
who spoke fiercely to him and sent him roughly away. So he went back
in anger, and Apollo, who loved him dearly, heard his prayer. ThM
the god sent a deadly dart upon the Argives, and the people died thick
on one another, for the arrows went everywhither among the wide host
of the Achaeans. At last a seer in the fulness of his knowledge declared
to us the oracles of Apollo, and I was myself first to say that we
should appease him. Whereon the son of Atreus rose in anger, and threatened
that which he has since done. The Achaeans are now taking the girl
in a ship to Chryse, and sending gifts of sacrifice to the god; but
ust taken from my tent the daughter of Briseus,
whom the Achaeans had awarded to myself.
"Help your brave son, therefore, if you are able. Go to Olympus, and
if you have ever done him service in word or deed, implore the aid
of Jove. Ofttimes in my father's house have I heard you glory in that
you alone of the immortals saved the son of Saturn from ruin, when
the others, with Juno, Neptune, and Pallas Minerva would have put
him in bonds. It was you, goddess, who delivered him by calling to
ndred-handed monster whom gods call Briareus, but men
Aegaeon, for he is stronger even than his father; when therefore he
took his seat all-glorious beside the son of Saturn, the other gods
were afraid, and did not bind him. Go, then, to him, remind him of
all this, clasp his knees, and bid him give succour to the Trojans.
Let the Achaeans be hemmed in at the sterns of their ships, and perish
on the sea-shore, that they may reap what joy they may of their king,
and that Agamemnon may rue his blindness in offM
foremost of the Achaeans."
Thetis wept and answered, "My son, woe is me that I should have borne
or suckled you. Would indeed that you had lived your span free from
all sorrow at your ships, for it is all too brief; alas, that you
should be at once short of life and long of sorrow above your peers:
woe, therefore, was the hour in which I bore you; nevertheless I will
go to the snowy heights of Olympus, and tell this tale to Jove, if
he will hear our prayer: meanwhile stay where you arM
nurse your anger against the Achaeans, and hold aloof from fight.
For Jove went yesterday to Oceanus, to a feast among the Ethiopians,
and the other gods went with him. He will return to Olympus twelve
days hence; I will then go to his mansion paved with bronze and will
beseech him; nor do I doubt that I shall be able to persuade him."
On this she left him, still furious at the loss of her that had been
taken from him. Meanwhile Ulysses reached Chryse with the hecatomb.
me inside the harbour they furled the sails and laid
them in the ship's hold; they slackened the forestays, lowered the
mast into its place, and rowed the ship to the place where they would
have her lie; there they cast out their mooring-stones and made fast
the hawsers. They then got out upon the sea-shore and landed the hecatomb
for Apollo; Chryseis also left the ship, and Ulysses led her to the
altar to deliver her into the hands of her father. "Chryses," said
he, "King Agamemnon has sent me to bring you M
back your child, and
to offer sacrifice to Apollo on behalf of the Danaans, that we may
propitiate the god, who has now brought sorrow upon the Argives."
So saying he gave the girl over to her father, who received her gladly,
and they ranged the holy hecatomb all orderly round the altar of the
god. They washed their hands and took up the barley-meal to sprinkle
over the victims, while Chryses lifted up his hands and prayed aloud
on their behalf. "Hear me," he cried, "O god of the silver bow, that
st Chryse and holy Cilla, and rulest Tenedos with thy might.
Even as thou didst hear me aforetime when I prayed, and didst press
hardly upon the Achaeans, so hear me yet again, and stay this fearful
pestilence from the Danaans."
Thus did he pray, and Apollo heard his prayer. When they had done
praying and sprinkling the barley-meal, they drew back the heads of
the victims and killed and flayed them. They cut out the thigh-bones,
wrapped them round in two layers of fat, set some pieces of raw meat
top of them, and then Chryses laid them on the wood fire and
poured wine over them, while the young men stood near him with five-pronged
spits in their hands. When the thigh-bones were burned and they had
tasted the inward meats, they cut the rest up small, put the pieces
upon the spits, roasted them till they were done, and drew them off:
then, when they had finished their work and the feast was ready, they
ate it, and every man had his full share, so that all were satisfied.
As soon as they had had enough M
to eat and drink, pages filled the
mixing-bowl with wine and water and handed it round, after giving
every man his drink-offering.
Thus all day long the young men worshipped the god with song, hymning
him and chaunting the joyous paean, and the god took pleasure in their
voices; but when the sun went down, and it came on dark, they laid
themselves down to sleep by the stern cables of the ship, and when
the child of morning, rosy-fingered Dawn, appeared they again set
sail for the host of the Achaeans. ApM
ollo sent them a fair wind, so
they raised their mast and hoisted their white sails aloft. As the
sail bellied with the wind the ship flew through the deep blue water,
and the foam hissed against her bows as she sped onward. When they
reached the wide-stretching host of the Achaeans, they drew the vessel
ashore, high and dry upon the sands, set her strong props beneath
her, and went their ways to their own tents and ships.
But Achilles abode at his ships and nursed his anger. He went not
e assembly, and sallied not forth to fight, but gnawed
at his own heart, pining for battle and the war-cry.
Now after twelve days the immortal gods came back in a body to Olympus,
and Jove led the way. Thetis was not unmindful of the charge her son
had laid upon her, so she rose from under the sea and went through
great heaven with early morning to Olympus, where she found the mighty
son of Saturn sitting all alone upon its topmost ridges. She sat herself
down before him, and with her left hand seized hisM
her right she caught him under the chin, and besought him, saying-
"Father Jove, if I ever did you service in word or deed among the
immortals, hear my prayer, and do honour to my son, whose life is
to be cut short so early. King Agamemnon has dishonoured him by taking
his prize and keeping her. Honour him then yourself, Olympian lord
of counsel, and grant victory to the Trojans, till the Achaeans give
my son his due and load him with riches in requital."
Jove sat for a while silent,M
and without a word, but Thetis still
kept firm hold of his knees, and besought him a second time. "Incline
your head," said she, "and promise me surely, or else deny me- for
you have nothing to fear- that I may learn how greatly you disdain
At this Jove was much troubled and answered, "I shall have trouble
if you set me quarrelling with Juno, for she will provoke me with
her taunting speeches; even now she is always railing at me before
the other gods and accusing me of giving aid to the Trojans. GM
now, lest she should find out. I will consider the matter, and will
bring it about as wish. See, I incline my head that you believe me.
This is the most solemn that I can give to any god. I never recall
my word, or deceive, or fail to do what I say, when I have nodded
As he spoke the son of Saturn bowed his dark brows, and the ambrosial
locks swayed on his immortal head, till vast Olympus reeled.
When the pair had thus laid their plans, they parted- Jove to his
house, while the goddesM
s quitted the splendour of Olympus, and plunged
into the depths of the sea. The gods rose from their seats, before
the coming of their sire. Not one of them dared to remain sitting,
but all stood up as he came among them. There, then, he took his seat.
But Juno, when she saw him, knew that he and the old merman's daughter,
silver-footed Thetis, had been hatching mischief, so she at once began
to upbraid him. "Trickster," she cried, "which of the gods have you
been taking into your counsels now? You are alwayM
in secret behind my back, and have never yet told me, if you could
help it, one word of your intentions."
"Juno," replied the sire of gods and men, "you must not expect to
be informed of all my counsels. You are my wife, but you would find
it hard to understand them. When it is proper for you to hear, there
is no one, god or man, who will be told sooner, but when I mean to
keep a matter to myself, you must not pry nor ask questions."
"Dread son of Saturn," answered Juno, "what are yoM
I? Pry and ask questions? Never. I let you have your own way in everything.
Still, I have a strong misgiving that the old merman's daughter Thetis
has been talking you over, for she was with you and had hold of your
knees this self-same morning. I believe, therefore, that you have
been promising her to give glory to Achilles, and to kill much people
at the ships of the Achaeans."
"Wife," said Jove, "I can do nothing but you suspect me and find it
out. You will take nothing by it, for I sM
hall only dislike you the
more, and it will go harder with you. Granted that it is as you say;
I mean to have it so; sit down and hold your tongue as I bid you for
if I once begin to lay my hands about you, though all heaven were
on your side it would profit you nothing."
On this Juno was frightened, so she curbed her stubborn will and sat
down in silence. But the heavenly beings were disquieted throughout
the house of Jove, till the cunning workman Vulcan began to try and
pacify his mother Juno. "It wilM
l be intolerable," said he, "if you
two fall to wrangling and setting heaven in an uproar about a pack
of mortals. If such ill counsels are to prevail, we shall have no
pleasure at our banquet. Let me then advise my mother- and she must
herself know that it will be better- to make friends with my dear
father Jove, lest he again scold her and disturb our feast. If the
Olympian Thunderer wants to hurl us all from our seats, he can do
so, for he is far the strongest, so give him fair words, and he will
on be in a good humour with us."
As he spoke, he took a double cup of nectar, and placed it in his
mother's hand. "Cheer up, my dear mother," said he, "and make the
best of it. I love you dearly, and should be very sorry to see you
get a thrashing; however grieved I might be, I could not help for
there is no standing against Jove. Once before when I was trying to
help you, he caught me by the foot and flung me from the heavenly
threshold. All day long from morn till eve, was I falling, till at
ame to ground in the island of Lemnos, and there I lay,
with very little life left in me, till the Sintians came and tended
Juno smiled at this, and as she smiled she took the cup from her son's
hands. Then Vulcan drew sweet nectar from the mixing-bowl, and served
it round among the gods, going from left to right; and the blessed
gods laughed out a loud applause as they saw him ing bustling about
the heavenly mansion.
Thus through the livelong day to the going down of the sun they feasted,
very one had his full share, so that all were satisfied. Apollo
struck his lyre, and the Muses lifted up their sweet voices, calling
and answering one another. But when the sun's glorious light had faded,
they went home to bed, each in his own abode, which lame Vulcan with
his consummate skill had fashioned for them. So Jove, the Olympian
Lord of Thunder, hied him to the bed in which he always slept; and
when he had got on to it he went to sleep, with Juno of the golden
throne by his side.
--------------------------------------------------------
Now the other gods and the armed warriors on the plain slept soundly,
but Jove was wakeful, for he was thinking how to do honour to Achilles,
and destroyed much people at the ships of the Achaeans. In the end
he deemed it would be best to send a lying dream to King Agamemnon;
so he called one to him and said to it, "Lying Dream, go to the ships
of the Achaeans, into the tent of Agamemnon, and say to him word to
word as I now bid you. Tell M
him to get the Achaeans instantly under
arms, for he shall take Troy. There are no longer divided counsels
among the gods; Juno has brought them to her own mind, and woe betides
The dream went when it had heard its message, and soon reached the
ships of the Achaeans. It sought Agamemnon son of Atreus and found
him in his tent, wrapped in a profound slumber. It hovered over his
head in the likeness of Nestor, son of Neleus, whom Agamemnon honoured
above all his councillors, and said:-
ou are sleeping, son of Atreus; one who has the welfare of his host
and so much other care upon his shoulders should dock his sleep. Hear
me at once, for I come as a messenger from Jove, who, though he be
not near, yet takes thought for you and pities you. He bids you get
the Achaeans instantly under arms, for you shall take Troy. There
are no longer divided counsels among the gods; Juno has brought them
over to her own mind, and woe betides the Trojans at the hands of
Jove. Remember this, and when you wake M
see that it does not escape
The dream then left him, and he thought of things that were, surely
not to be accomplished. He thought that on that same day he was to
take the city of Priam, but he little knew what was in the mind of
Jove, who had many another hard-fought fight in store alike for Danaans
and Trojans. Then presently he woke, with the divine message still
ringing in his ears; so he sat upright, and put on his soft shirt
so fair and new, and over this his heavy cloak. He bound his sandalsM
on to his comely feet, and slung his silver-studded sword about his
shoulders; then he took the imperishable staff of his father, and
sallied forth to the ships of the Achaeans.
The goddess Dawn now wended her way to vast Olympus that she might
herald day to Jove and to the other immortals, and Agamemnon sent
the criers round to call the people in assembly; so they called them
and the people gathered thereon. But first he summoned a meeting of
the elders at the ship of Nestor king of Pylos, and when theM
assembled he laid a cunning counsel before them.
"My friends," said he, "I have had a dream from heaven in the dead
of night, and its face and figure resembled none but Nestor's. It
hovered over my head and said, 'You are sleeping, son of Atreus; one
who has the welfare of his host and so much other care upon his shoulders
should dock his sleep. Hear me at once, for I am a messenger from
Jove, who, though he be not near, yet takes thought for you and pities
you. He bids you get the Achaeans instanM
tly under arms, for you shall
take Troy. There are no longer divided counsels among the gods; Juno
has brought them over to her own mind, and woe betides the Trojans
at the hands of Jove. Remember this.' The dream then vanished and
I awoke. Let us now, therefore, arm the sons of the Achaeans. But
it will be well that I should first sound them, and to this end I
will tell them to fly with their ships; but do you others go about
among the host and prevent their doing so."
He then sat down, and Nestor the pM
rince of Pylos with all sincerity
and goodwill addressed them thus: "My friends," said he, "princes
and councillors of the Argives, if any other man of the Achaeans had
told us of this dream we should have declared it false, and would
have had nothing to do with it. But he who has seen it is the foremost
man among us; we must therefore set about getting the people under
With this he led the way from the assembly, and the other sceptred
kings rose with him in obedience to the word of Agamemnon; butM
people pressed forward to hear. They swarmed like bees that sally
from some hollow cave and flit in countless throng among the spring
flowers, bunched in knots and clusters; even so did the mighty multitude
pour from ships and tents to the assembly, and range themselves upon
the wide-watered shore, while among them ran Wildfire Rumour, messenger
of Jove, urging them ever to the fore. Thus they gathered in a pell-mell
of mad confusion, and the earth groaned under the tramp of men as
the people sought thM
eir places. Nine heralds went crying about among
them to stay their tumult and bid them listen to the kings, till at
last they were got into their several places and ceased their clamour.
Then King Agamemnon rose, holding his sceptre. This was the work of
Vulcan, who gave it to Jove the son of Saturn. Jove gave it to Mercury,
slayer of Argus, guide and guardian. King Mercury gave it to Pelops,
the mighty charioteer, and Pelops to Atreus, shepherd of his people.
Atreus, when he died, left it to Thyestes, richM
in flocks, and Thyestes
in his turn left it to be borne by Agamemnon, that he might be lord
of all Argos and of the isles. Leaning, then, on his sceptre, he addressed
"My friends," he said, "heroes, servants of Mars, the hand of heaven
has been laid heavily upon me. Cruel Jove gave me his solemn promise
that I should sack the city of Priam before returning, but he has
played me false, and is now bidding me go ingloriously back to Argos
with the loss of much people. Such is the will of Jove,M
many a proud city in the dust, as he will yet lay others, for his
power is above all. It will be a sorry tale hereafter that an Achaean
host, at once so great and valiant, battled in vain against men fewer
in number than themselves; but as yet the end is not in sight. Think
that the Achaeans and Trojans have sworn to a solemn covenant, and
that they have each been numbered- the Trojans by the roll of their
householders, and we by companies of ten; think further that each
of our companies desirM
ed to have a Trojan householder to pour out
their wine; we are so greatly more in number that full many a company
would have to go without its cup-bearer. But they have in the town
allies from other places, and it is these that hinder me from being
able to sack the rich city of Ilius. Nine of Jove years are gone;
the timbers of our ships have rotted; their tackling is sound no longer.
Our wives and little ones at home look anxiously for our coming, but
the work that we came hither to do has not been done. NoM
let us all do as I say: let us sail back to our own land, for we shall
With these words he moved the hearts of the multitude, so many of
them as knew not the cunning counsel of Agamemnon. They surged to
and fro like the waves of the Icarian Sea, when the east and south
winds break from heaven's clouds to lash them; or as when the west
wind sweeps over a field of corn and the ears bow beneath the blast,
even so were they swayed as they flew with loud cries towards the
and the dust from under their feet rose heavenward. They cheered
each other on to draw the ships into the sea; they cleared the channels
in front of them; they began taking away the stays from underneath
them, and the welkin rang with their glad cries, so eager were they
Then surely the Argives would have returned after a fashion that was
not fated. But Juno said to Minerva, "Alas, daughter of aegis-bearing
Jove, unweariable, shall the Argives fly home to their own land over
d leave Priam and the Trojans the glory of still
keeping Helen, for whose sake so many of the Achaeans have died at
Troy, far from their homes? Go about at once among the host, and speak
fairly to them, man by man, that they draw not their ships into the
Minerva was not slack to do her bidding. Down she darted from the
topmost summits of Olympus, and in a moment she was at the ships of
the Achaeans. There she found Ulysses, peer of Jove in counsel, standing
alone. He had not as yet laid a hand uponM
his ship, for he was grieved
and sorry; so she went close up to him and said, "Ulysses, noble son
of Laertes, are you going to fling yourselves into your ships and
be off home to your own land in this way? Will you leave Priam and
the Trojans the glory of still keeping Helen, for whose sake so many
of the Achaeans have died at Troy, far from their homes? Go about
at once among the host, and speak fairly to them, man by man, that
they draw not their ships into the sea."
Ulysses knew the voice as that of M
the goddess: he flung his cloak
from him and set off to run. His servant Eurybates, a man of Ithaca,
who waited on him, took charge of the cloak, whereon Ulysses went
straight up to Agamemnon and received from him his ancestral, imperishable
staff. With this he went about among the ships of the Achaeans.
Whenever he met a king or chieftain, he stood by him and spoke him
fairly. "Sir," said he, "this flight is cowardly and unworthy. Stand
to your post, and bid your people also keep their places. You do not
yet know the full mind of Agamemnon; he was sounding us, and ere long
will visit the Achaeans with his displeasure. We were not all of us
at the council to hear what he then said; see to it lest he be angry
and do us a mischief; for the pride of kings is great, and the hand
of Jove is with them."
But when he came across any common man who was making a noise, he
struck him with his staff and rebuked him, saying, "Sirrah, hold your
peace, and listen to better men than yourself. You are a coward and
dier; you are nobody either in fight or council; we cannot all
be kings; it is not well that there should be many masters; one man
must be supreme- one king to whom the son of scheming Saturn has given
the sceptre of sovereignty over you all."
Thus masterfully did he go about among the host, and the people hurried
back to the council from their tents and ships with a sound as the
thunder of surf when it comes crashing down upon the shore, and all
the sea is in an uproar.
The rest now took their seats M
and kept to their own several places,
but Thersites still went on wagging his unbridled tongue- a man of
many words, and those unseemly; a monger of sedition, a railer against
all who were in authority, who cared not what he said, so that he
might set the Achaeans in a laugh. He was the ugliest man of all those
that came before Troy- bandy-legged, lame of one foot, with his two
shoulders rounded and hunched over his chest. His head ran up to a
point, but there was little hair on the top of it. Achilles and UM
hated him worst of all, for it was with them that he was most wont
to wrangle; now, however, with a shrill squeaky voice he began heaping
his abuse on Agamemnon. The Achaeans were angry and disgusted, yet
none the less he kept on brawling and bawling at the son of Atreus.
"Agamemnon," he cried, "what ails you now, and what more do you want?
Your tents are filled with bronze and with fair women, for whenever
we take a town we give you the pick of them. Would you have yet more
gold, which some TrojanM
is to give you as a ransom for his son, when
I or another Achaean has taken him prisoner? or is it some young girl
to hide and lie with? It is not well that you, the ruler of the Achaeans,
should bring them into such misery. Weakling cowards, women rather
than men, let us sail home, and leave this fellow here at Troy to
stew in his own meeds of honour, and discover whether we were of any
service to him or no. Achilles is a much better man than he is, and
see how he has treated him- robbing him of his prize M
himself. Achilles takes it meekly and shows no fight; if he did, son
of Atreus, you would never again insult him."
Thus railed Thersites, but Ulysses at once went up to him and rebuked
him sternly. "Check your glib tongue, Thersites," said be, "and babble
not a word further. Chide not with princes when you have none to back
you. There is no viler creature come before Troy with the sons of
Atreus. Drop this chatter about kings, and neither revile them nor
keep harping about going home. We dM
o not yet know how things are going
to be, nor whether the Achaeans are to return with good success or
evil. How dare you gibe at Agamemnon because the Danaans have awarded
him so many prizes? I tell you, therefore- and it shall surely be-
that if I again catch you talking such nonsense, I will either forfeit
my own head and be no more called father of Telemachus, or I will
take you, strip you stark naked, and whip you out of the assembly
till you go blubbering back to the ships."
On this he beat him witM
h his staff about the back and shoulders till
he dropped and fell a-weeping. The golden sceptre raised a bloody
weal on his back, so he sat down frightened and in pain, looking foolish
as he wiped the tears from his eyes. The people were sorry for him,
yet they laughed heartily, and one would turn to his neighbour saying,
"Ulysses has done many a good thing ere now in fight and council,
but he never did the Argives a better turn than when he stopped this
fellow's mouth from prating further. He will give the M
Thus said the people. Then Ulysses rose, sceptre in hand, and Minerva
in the likeness of a herald bade the people be still, that those who
were far off might hear him and consider his council. He therefore
with all sincerity and goodwill addressed them thus:-
"King Agamemnon, the Achaeans are for making you a by-word among all
mankind. They forget the promise they made you when they set out from
Argos, that you should not return till you had sacked the town of
nd, like children or widowed women, they murmur and would set
off homeward. True it is that they have had toil enough to be disheartened.
A man chafes at having to stay away from his wife even for a single
month, when he is on shipboard, at the mercy of wind and sea, but
it is now nine long years that we have been kept here; I cannot, therefore,
blame the Achaeans if they turn restive; still we shall be shamed
if we go home empty after so long a stay- therefore, my friends, be
patient yet a little longer thaM
t we may learn whether the prophesyings
of Calchas were false or true.
"All who have not since perished must remember as though it were yesterday
or the day before, how the ships of the Achaeans were detained in
Aulis when we were on our way hither to make war on Priam and the
Trojans. We were ranged round about a fountain offering hecatombs
to the gods upon their holy altars, and there was a fine plane-tree
from beneath which there welled a stream of pure water. Then we saw
a prodigy; for Jove sent a feM
arful serpent out of the ground, with
blood-red stains upon its back, and it darted from under the altar
on to the plane-tree. Now there was a brood of young sparrows, quite
small, upon the topmost bough, peeping out from under the leaves,
eight in all, and their mother that hatched them made nine. The serpent
ate the poor cheeping things, while the old bird flew about lamenting
her little ones; but the serpent threw his coils about her and caught
her by the wing as she was screaming. Then, when he had eatenM
the sparrow and her young, the god who had sent him made him become
a sign; for the son of scheming Saturn turned him into stone, and
we stood there wondering at that which had come to pass. Seeing, then,
that such a fearful portent had broken in upon our hecatombs, Calchas
forthwith declared to us the oracles of heaven. 'Why, Achaeans,' said
he, 'are you thus speechless? Jove has sent us this sign, long in
coming, and long ere it be fulfilled, though its fame shall last for
ever. As the serpent ate tM
he eight fledglings and the sparrow that
hatched them, which makes nine, so shall we fight nine years at Troy,
but in the tenth shall take the town.' This was what he said, and
now it is all coming true. Stay here, therefore, all of you, till
we take the city of Priam."
On this the Argives raised a shout, till the ships rang again with
the uproar. Nestor, knight of Gerene, then addressed them. "Shame
on you," he cried, "to stay talking here like children, when you should
fight like men. Where are our covM
enants now, and where the oaths that
we have taken? Shall our counsels be flung into the fire, with our
drink-offerings and the right hands of fellowship wherein we have
put our trust? We waste our time in words, and for all our talking
here shall be no further forward. Stand, therefore, son of Atreus,
by your own steadfast purpose; lead the Argives on to battle, and
leave this handful of men to rot, who scheme, and scheme in vain,
to get back to Argos ere they have learned whether Jove be true or
or the mighty son of Saturn surely promised that we should
succeed, when we Argives set sail to bring death and destruction upon
the Trojans. He showed us favourable signs by flashing his lightning
on our right hands; therefore let none make haste to go till he has
first lain with the wife of some Trojan, and avenged the toil and
sorrow that he has suffered for the sake of Helen. Nevertheless, if
any man is in such haste to be at home again, let him lay his hand
to his ship that he may meet his doom in the sM
king, consider and give ear to my counsel, for the word that I say
may not be neglected lightly. Divide your men, Agamemnon, into their
several tribes and clans, that clans and tribes may stand by and help
one another. If you do this, and if the Achaeans obey you, you will
find out who, both chiefs and peoples, are brave, and who are cowards;
for they will vie against the other. Thus you shall also learn whether
it is through the counsel of heaven or the cowardice of man that you
ail to take the town."
And Agamemnon answered, "Nestor, you have again outdone the sons of
the Achaeans in counsel. Would, by Father Jove, Minerva, and Apollo,
that I had among them ten more such councillors, for the city of King
Priam would then soon fall beneath our hands, and we should sack it.
But the son of Saturn afflicts me with bootless wranglings and strife.
Achilles and I are quarrelling about this girl, in which matter I
was the first to offend; if we can be of one mind again, the Trojans
not stave off destruction for a day. Now, therefore, get your
morning meal, that our hosts join in fight. Whet well your spears;
see well to the ordering of your shields; give good feeds to your
horses, and look your chariots carefully over, that we may do battle
the livelong day; for we shall have no rest, not for a moment, till
night falls to part us. The bands that bear your shields shall be
wet with the sweat upon your shoulders, your hands shall weary upon
your spears, your horses shall steam in front M
of your chariots, and
if I see any man shirking the fight, or trying to keep out of it at
the ships, there shall be no help for him, but he shall be a prey
to dogs and vultures."
Thus he spoke, and the Achaeans roared applause. As when the waves
run high before the blast of the south wind and break on some lofty
headland, dashing against it and buffeting it without ceasing, as
the storms from every quarter drive them, even so did the Achaeans
rise and hurry in all directions to their ships. There they liM
their fires at their tents and got dinner, offering sacrifice every
man to one or other of the gods, and praying each one of them that
he might live to come out of the fight. Agamemnon, king of men, sacrificed
a fat five-year-old bull to the mighty son of Saturn, and invited
the princes and elders of his host. First he asked Nestor and King
Idomeneus, then the two Ajaxes and the son of Tydeus, and sixthly
Ulysses, peer of gods in counsel; but Menelaus came of his own accord,
for he knew how busy his bM
rother then was. They stood round the bull
with the barley-meal in their hands, and Agamemnon prayed, saying,
"Jove, most glorious, supreme, that dwellest in heaven, and ridest
upon the storm-cloud, grant that the sun may not go down, nor the
night fall, till the palace of Priam is laid low, and its gates are
consumed with fire. Grant that my sword may pierce the shirt of Hector
about his heart, and that full many of his comrades may bite the dust
as they fall dying round him."
Thus he prayed, but the soM
n of Saturn would not fulfil his prayer.
He accepted the sacrifice, yet none the less increased their toil
continually. When they had done praying and sprinkling the barley-meal
upon the victim, they drew back its head, killed it, and then flayed
it. They cut out the thigh-bones, wrapped them round in two layers
of fat, and set pieces of raw meat on the top of them. These they
burned upon the split logs of firewood, but they spitted the inward
meats, and held them in the flames to cook. When the thigh-bones M
burned, and they had tasted the inward meats, they cut the rest up
small, put the pieces upon spits, roasted them till they were done,
and drew them off; then, when they had finished their work and the
feast was ready, they ate it, and every man had his full share, so
that all were satisfied. As soon as they had had enough to eat and
drink, Nestor, knight of Gerene, began to speak. "King Agamemnon,"
said he, "let us not stay talking here, nor be slack in the work that
heaven has put into our hands. LetM
the heralds summon the people to
gather at their several ships; we will then go about among the host,
that we may begin fighting at once."
Thus did he speak, and Agamemnon heeded his words. He at once sent
the criers round to call the people in assembly. So they called them,
and the people gathered thereon. The chiefs about the son of Atreus
chose their men and marshalled them, while Minerva went among them
holding her priceless aegis that knows neither age nor death. From
it there waved a hundred tasseM
ls of pure gold, all deftly woven, and
each one of them worth a hundred oxen. With this she darted furiously
everywhere among the hosts of the Achaeans, urging them forward, and
putting courage into the heart of each, so that he might fight and
do battle without ceasing. Thus war became sweeter in their eyes even
than returning home in their ships. As when some great forest fire
is raging upon a mountain top and its light is seen afar, even so
as they marched the gleam of their armour flashed up into the firM
They were like great flocks of geese, or cranes, or swans on the plain
about the waters of Cayster, that wing their way hither and thither,
glorying in the pride of flight, and crying as they settle till the
fen is alive with their screaming. Even thus did their tribes pour
from ships and tents on to the plain of the Scamander, and the ground
rang as brass under the feet of men and horses. They stood as thick
upon the flower-bespangled field as leaves that bloom in summer.
ss swarms of flies buzz around a herdsman's homestead in
the time of spring when the pails are drenched with milk, even so
did the Achaeans swarm on to the plain to charge the Trojans and destroy
The chiefs disposed their men this way and that before the fight began,
drafting them out as easily as goatherds draft their flocks when they
have got mixed while feeding; and among them went King Agamemnon,
with a head and face like Jove the lord of thunder, a waist like Mars,
and a chest like that of NepM
tune. As some great bull that lords it
over the herds upon the plain, even so did Jove make the son of Atreus
stand peerless among the multitude of heroes.
And now, O Muses, dwellers in the mansions of Olympus, tell me- for
you are goddesses and are in all places so that you see all things,
while we know nothing but by report- who were the chiefs and princes
of the Danaans? As for the common soldiers, they were so that I could
not name every single one of them though I had ten tongues, and though
e failed not and my heart were of bronze within me, unless
you, O Olympian Muses, daughters of aegis-bearing Jove, were to recount
them to me. Nevertheless, I will tell the captains of the ships and
all the fleet together.
Peneleos, Leitus, Arcesilaus, Prothoenor, and Clonius were captains
of the Boeotians. These were they that dwelt in Hyria and rocky Aulis,
and who held Schoenus, Scolus, and the highlands of Eteonus, with
Thespeia, Graia, and the fair city of Mycalessus. They also held Harma,
and Erythrae; and they had Eleon, Hyle, and Peteon; Ocalea
and the strong fortress of Medeon; Copae, Eutresis, and Thisbe the
haunt of doves; Coronea, and the pastures of Haliartus; Plataea and
Glisas; the fortress of Thebes the less; holy Onchestus with its famous
grove of Neptune; Arne rich in vineyards; Midea, sacred Nisa, and
Anthedon upon the sea. From these there came fifty ships, and in each
there were a hundred and twenty young men of the Boeotians.
Ascalaphus and Ialmenus, sons of Mars, led the pM
Aspledon and Orchomenus the realm of Minyas. Astyoche a noble maiden
bore them in the house of Actor son of Azeus; for she had gone with
Mars secretly into an upper chamber, and he had lain with her. With
these there came thirty ships.
The Phoceans were led by Schedius and Epistrophus, sons of mighty
Iphitus the son of Naubolus. These were they that held Cyparissus,
rocky Pytho, holy Crisa, Daulis, and Panopeus; they also that dwelt
in Anemorea and Hyampolis, and about the waters of tM
and Lilaea by the springs of the Cephissus; with their chieftains
came forty ships, and they marshalled the forces of the Phoceans,
which were stationed next to the Boeotians, on their left.
Ajax, the fleet son of Oileus, commanded the Locrians. He was not
so great, nor nearly so great, as Ajax the son of Telamon. He was
a little man, and his breastplate was made of linen, but in use of
the spear he excelled all the Hellenes and the Achaeans. These dwelt
in Cynus, Opous, Calliarus, BesM
sa, Scarphe, fair Augeae, Tarphe, and
Thronium about the river Boagrius. With him there came forty ships
of the Locrians who dwell beyond Euboea.
The fierce Abantes held Euboea with its cities, Chalcis, Eretria,
Histiaea rich in vines, Cerinthus upon the sea, and the rock-perched
town of Dium; with them were also the men of Carystus and Styra; Elephenor
of the race of Mars was in command of these; he was son of Chalcodon,
and chief over all the Abantes. With him they came, fleet of foot
hair long behind, brave warriors, who would ever
strive to tear open the corslets of their foes with their long ashen
spears. Of these there came fifty ships.
And they that held the strong city of Athens, the people of great
Erechtheus, who was born of the soil itself, but Jove's daughter,
Minerva, fostered him, and established him at Athens in her own rich
sanctuary. There, year by year, the Athenian youths worship him with
sacrifices of bulls and rams. These were commanded by Menestheus,
. No man living could equal him in the marshalling of
chariots and foot soldiers. Nestor could alone rival him, for he was
older. With him there came fifty ships.
Ajax brought twelve ships from Salamis, and stationed them alongside
those of the Athenians.
The men of Argos, again, and those who held the walls of Tiryns, with
Hermione, and Asine upon the gulf; Troezene, Eionae, and the vineyard
lands of Epidaurus; the Achaean youths, moreover, who came from Aegina
and Mases; these were led by Diomed of M
the loud battle-cry, and Sthenelus
son of famed Capaneus. With them in command was Euryalus, son of king
Mecisteus, son of Talaus; but Diomed was chief over them all. With
these there came eighty ships.
Those who held the strong city of Mycenae, rich Corinth and Cleonae;
Orneae, Araethyrea, and Licyon, where Adrastus reigned of old; Hyperesia,
high Gonoessa, and Pellene; Aegium and all the coast-land round about
Helice; these sent a hundred ships under the command of King Agamemnon,
son of Atreus. His foM
rce was far both finest and most numerous, and
in their midst was the king himself, all glorious in his armour of
gleaming bronze- foremost among the heroes, for he was the greatest
king, and had most men under him.
And those that dwelt in Lacedaemon, lying low among the hills, Pharis,
Sparta, with Messe the haunt of doves; Bryseae, Augeae, Amyclae, and
Helos upon the sea; Laas, moreover, and Oetylus; these were led by
Menelaus of the loud battle-cry, brother to Agamemnon, and of them
there were sixty shM
ips, drawn up apart from the others. Among them
went Menelaus himself, strong in zeal, urging his men to fight; for
he longed to avenge the toil and sorrow that he had suffered for the
The men of Pylos and Arene, and Thryum where is the ford of the river
Alpheus; strong Aipy, Cyparisseis, and Amphigenea; Pteleum, Helos,
and Dorium, where the Muses met Thamyris, and stilled his minstrelsy
for ever. He was returning from Oechalia, where Eurytus lived and
reigned, and boasted that he would suM
rpass even the Muses, daughters
of aegis-bearing Jove, if they should sing against him; whereon they
were angry, and maimed him. They robbed him of his divine power of
song, and thenceforth he could strike the lyre no more. These were
commanded by Nestor, knight of Gerene, and with him there came ninety
And those that held Arcadia, under the high mountain of Cyllene, near
the tomb of Aepytus, where the people fight hand to hand; the men
of Pheneus also, and Orchomenus rich in flocks; of Rhipae, StM
and bleak Enispe; of Tegea and fair Mantinea; of Stymphelus and Parrhasia;
of these King Agapenor son of Ancaeus was commander, and they had
sixty ships. Many Arcadians, good soldiers, came in each one of them,
but Agamemnon found them the ships in which to cross the sea, for
they were not a people that occupied their business upon the waters.
The men, moreover, of Buprasium and of Elis, so much of it as is enclosed
between Hyrmine, Myrsinus upon the sea-shore, the rock Olene and Alesium.
four leaders, and each of them had ten ships, with many
Epeans on board. Their captains were Amphimachus and Thalpius- the
one, son of Cteatus, and the other, of Eurytus- both of the race of
Actor. The two others were Diores, son of Amarynces, and Polyxenus,
son of King Agasthenes, son of Augeas.
And those of Dulichium with the sacred Echinean islands, who dwelt
beyond the sea off Elis; these were led by Meges, peer of Mars, and
the son of valiant Phyleus, dear to Jove, who quarrelled with his
nd went to settle in Dulichium. With him there came forty
Ulysses led the brave Cephallenians, who held Ithaca, Neritum with
its forests, Crocylea, rugged Aegilips, Samos and Zacynthus, with
the mainland also that was over against the islands. These were led
by Ulysses, peer of Jove in counsel, and with him there came twelve
Thoas, son of Andraemon, commanded the Aetolians, who dwelt in Pleuron,
Olenus, Pylene, Chalcis by the sea, and rocky Calydon, for the great
king Oeneus had now no M
sons living, and was himself dead, as was also
golden-haired Meleager, who had been set over the Aetolians to be
their king. And with Thoas there came forty ships.
The famous spearsman Idomeneus led the Cretans, who held Cnossus,
and the well-walled city of Gortys; Lyctus also, Miletus and Lycastus
that lies upon the chalk; the populous towns of Phaestus and Rhytium,
with the other peoples that dwelt in the hundred cities of Crete.
All these were led by Idomeneus, and by Meriones, peer of murderous
And with these there came eighty ships.
Tlepolemus, son of Hercules, a man both brave and large of stature,
brought nine ships of lordly warriors from Rhodes. These dwelt in
Rhodes which is divided among the three cities of Lindus, Ielysus,
and Cameirus, that lies upon the chalk. These were commanded by Tlepolemus,
son of Hercules by Astyochea, whom he had carried off from Ephyra,
on the river Selleis, after sacking many cities of valiant warriors.
When Tlepolemus grew up, he killed his father's uncle LiM
had been a famous warrior in his time, but was then grown old. On
this he built himself a fleet, gathered a great following, and fled
beyond the sea, for he was menaced by the other sons and grandsons
of Hercules. After a voyage. during which he suffered great hardship,
he came to Rhodes, where the people divided into three communities,
according to their tribes, and were dearly loved by Jove, the lord,
of gods and men; wherefore the son of Saturn showered down great riches
ireus brought three ships from Syme- Nireus, who was the handsomest
man that came up under Ilius of all the Danaans after the son of Peleus-
but he was a man of no substance, and had but a small following.
And those that held Nisyrus, Crapathus, and Casus, with Cos, the city
of Eurypylus, and the Calydnian islands, these were commanded by Pheidippus
and Antiphus, two sons of King Thessalus the son of Hercules. And
with them there came thirty ships.
Those again who held Pelasgic Argos, Alos, Alope, and TM
those of Phthia and Hellas the land of fair women, who were called
Myrmidons, Hellenes, and Achaeans; these had fifty ships, over which
Achilles was in command. But they now took no part in the war, inasmuch
as there was no one to marshal them; for Achilles stayed by his ships,
furious about the loss of the girl Briseis, whom he had taken from
Lyrnessus at his own great peril, when he had sacked Lyrnessus and
Thebe, and had overthrown Mynes and Epistrophus, sons of king Evenor,
or her sake Achilles was still grieving, but ere
long he was again to join them.
And those that held Phylace and the flowery meadows of Pyrasus, sanctuary
of Ceres; Iton, the mother of sheep; Antrum upon the sea, and Pteleum
that lies upon the grass lands. Of these brave Protesilaus had been
captain while he was yet alive, but he was now lying under the earth.
He had left a wife behind him in Phylace to tear her cheeks in sorrow,
and his house was only half finished, for he was slain by a Dardanian
or while leaping foremost of the Achaeans upon the soil of Troy.
Still, though his people mourned their chieftain, they were not without
a leader, for Podarces, of the race of Mars, marshalled them; he was
son of Iphiclus, rich in sheep, who was the son of Phylacus, and he
was own brother to Protesilaus, only younger, Protesilaus being at
once the elder and the more valiant. So the people were not without
a leader, though they mourned him whom they had lost. With him there
t held Pherae by the Boebean lake, with Boebe, Glaphyrae,
and the populous city of Iolcus, these with their eleven ships were
led by Eumelus, son of Admetus, whom Alcestis bore to him, loveliest
of the daughters of Pelias.
And those that held Methone and Thaumacia, with Meliboea and rugged
Olizon, these were led by the skilful archer Philoctetes, and they
had seven ships, each with fifty oarsmen all of them good archers;
but Philoctetes was lying in great pain in the Island of Lemnos, where
he Achaeans left him, for he had been bitten by a poisonous
water snake. There he lay sick and sorry, and full soon did the Argives
come to miss him. But his people, though they felt his loss were not
leaderless, for Medon, the bastard son of Oileus by Rhene, set them
Those, again, of Tricca and the stony region of Ithome, and they that
held Oechalia, the city of Oechalian Eurytus, these were commanded
by the two sons of Aesculapius, skilled in the art of healing, Podalirius
and Machaon. And wiM
th them there came thirty ships.
The men, moreover, of Ormenius, and by the fountain of Hypereia, with
those that held Asterius, and the white crests of Titanus, these were
led by Eurypylus, the son of Euaemon, and with them there came forty
Those that held Argissa and Gyrtone, Orthe, Elone, and the white city
of Oloosson, of these brave Polypoetes was leader. He was son of Pirithous,
who was son of Jove himself, for Hippodameia bore him to Pirithous
on the day when he took his revenge on the sM
haggy mountain savages
and drove them from Mt. Pelion to the Aithices. But Polypoetes was
not sole in command, for with him was Leonteus, of the race of Mars,
who was son of Coronus, the son of Caeneus. And with these there came
Guneus brought two and twenty ships from Cyphus, and he was followed
by the Enienes and the valiant Peraebi, who dwelt about wintry Dodona,
and held the lands round the lovely river Titaresius, which sends
its waters into the Peneus. They do not mingle with the silveM
of the Peneus, but flow on the top of them like oil; for the Titaresius
is a branch of dread Orcus and of the river Styx.
Of the Magnetes, Prothous son of Tenthredon was commander. They were
they that dwelt about the river Peneus and Mt. Pelion. Prothous, fleet
of foot, was their leader, and with him there came forty ships.
Such were the chiefs and princes of the Danaans. Who, then, O Muse,
was the foremost, whether man or horse, among those that followed
after the sons of Atreus?
orses, those of the son of Pheres were by far the finest.
They were driven by Eumelus, and were as fleet as birds. They were
of the same age and colour, and perfectly matched in height. Apollo,
of the silver bow, had bred them in Perea- both of them mares, and
terrible as Mars in battle. Of the men, Ajax, son of Telamon, was
much the foremost so long as Achilles' anger lasted, for Achilles
excelled him greatly and he had also better horses; but Achilles was
now holding aloof at his ships by reason of his quaM
rrel with Agamemnon,
and his people passed their time upon the sea shore, throwing discs
or aiming with spears at a mark, and in archery. Their horses stood
each by his own chariot, champing lotus and wild celery. The chariots
were housed under cover, but their owners, for lack of leadership,
wandered hither and thither about the host and went not forth to fight.
Thus marched the host like a consuming fire, and the earth groaned
beneath them when the lord of thunder is angry and lashes the land
oeus among the Arimi, where they say Typhoeus lies. Even
so did the earth groan beneath them as they sped over the plain.
And now Iris, fleet as the wind, was sent by Jove to tell the bad
news among the Trojans. They were gathered in assembly, old and young,
at Priam's gates, and Iris came close up to Priam, speaking with the
voice of Priam's son Polites, who, being fleet of foot, was stationed
as watchman for the Trojans on the tomb of old Aesyetes, to look out
for any sally of the Achaeans. In his likeneM
ss Iris spoke, saying,
"Old man, you talk idly, as in time of peace, while war is at hand.
I have been in many a battle, but never yet saw such a host as is
now advancing. They are crossing the plain to attack the city as thick
as leaves or as the sands of the sea. Hector, I charge you above all
others, do as I say. There are many allies dispersed about the city
of Priam from distant places and speaking divers tongues. Therefore,
let each chief give orders to his own people, setting them severally
and leading them forth to battle."
Thus she spoke, but Hector knew that it was the goddess, and at once
broke up the assembly. The men flew to arms; all the gates were opened,
and the people thronged through them, horse and foot, with the tramp
as of a great multitude.
Now there is a high mound before the city, rising by itself upon the
plain. Men call it Batieia, but the gods know that it is the tomb
of lithe Myrine. Here the Trojans and their allies divided their forces.
Priam's son, great Hector M
of the gleaming helmet, commanded the Trojans,
and with him were arrayed by far the greater number and most valiant
of those who were longing for the fray.
The Dardanians were led by brave Aeneas, whom Venus bore to Anchises,
when she, goddess though she was, had lain with him upon the mountain
slopes of Ida. He was not alone, for with him were the two sons of
Antenor, Archilochus and Acamas, both skilled in all the arts of war.
They that dwelt in Telea under the lowest spurs of Mt. Ida, men of
ce, who drink the limpid waters of the Aesepus, and are of
Trojan blood- these were led by Pandarus son of Lycaon, whom Apollo
had taught to use the bow.
They that held Adresteia and the land of Apaesus, with Pityeia, and
the high mountain of Tereia- these were led by Adrestus and Amphius,
whose breastplate was of linen. These were the sons of Merops of Percote,
who excelled in all kinds of divination. He told them not to take
part in the war, but they gave him no heed, for fate lured them to
They that dwelt about Percote and Practius, with Sestos, Abydos, and
Arisbe- these were led by Asius, son of Hyrtacus, a brave commander-
Asius, the son of Hyrtacus, whom his powerful dark bay steeds, of
the breed that comes from the river Selleis, had brought from Arisbe.
Hippothous led the tribes of Pelasgian spearsmen, who dwelt in fertile
Larissa- Hippothous, and Pylaeus of the race of Mars, two sons of
the Pelasgian Lethus, son of Teutamus.
Acamas and the warrior Peirous commanded the ThraciaM
came from beyond the mighty stream of the Hellespont.
Euphemus, son of Troezenus, the son of Ceos, was captain of the Ciconian
Pyraechmes led the Paeonian archers from distant Amydon, by the broad
waters of the river Axius, the fairest that flow upon the earth.
The Paphlagonians were commanded by stout-hearted Pylaemanes from
Enetae, where the mules run wild in herds. These were they that held
Cytorus and the country round Sesamus, with the cities by the river
s, Cromna, Aegialus, and lofty Erithini.
Odius and Epistrophus were captains over the Halizoni from distant
Alybe, where there are mines of silver.
Chromis, and Ennomus the augur, led the Mysians, but his skill in
augury availed not to save him from destruction, for he fell by the
hand of the fleet descendant of Aeacus in the river, where he slew
others also of the Trojans.
Phorcys, again, and noble Ascanius led the Phrygians from the far
country of Ascania, and both were eager for the fray.
sthles and Antiphus commanded the Meonians, sons of Talaemenes,
born to him of the Gygaean lake. These led the Meonians, who dwelt
Nastes led the Carians, men of a strange speech. These held Miletus
and the wooded mountain of Phthires, with the water of the river Maeander
and the lofty crests of Mt. Mycale. These were commanded by Nastes
and Amphimachus, the brave sons of Nomion. He came into the fight
with gold about him, like a girl; fool that he was, his gold was of
him, for he fell in the river by the hand of the
fleet descendant of Aeacus, and Achilles bore away his gold.
Sarpedon and Glaucus led the Lycians from their distant land, by the
eddying waters of the Xanthus.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
When the companies were thus arrayed, each under its own captain,
the Trojans advanced as a flight of wild fowl or cranes that scream
overhead when rain and winter drive them over the flowing waters of
bring death and destruction on the Pygmies, and they wrangle
in the air as they fly; but the Achaeans marched silently, in high
heart, and minded to stand by one another.
As when the south wind spreads a curtain of mist upon the mountain
tops, bad for shepherds but better than night for thieves, and a man
can see no further than he can throw a stone, even so rose the dust
from under their feet as they made all speed over the plain.
When they were close up with one another, Alexandrus came forward
hampion on the Trojan side. On his shoulders he bore the skin
of a panther, his bow, and his sword, and he brandished two spears
shod with bronze as a challenge to the bravest of the Achaeans to
meet him in single fight. Menelaus saw him thus stride out before
the ranks, and was glad as a hungry lion that lights on the carcase
of some goat or horned stag, and devours it there and then, though
dogs and youths set upon him. Even thus was Menelaus glad when his
eyes caught sight of Alexandrus, for he deemed thaM
be revenged. He sprang, therefore, from his chariot, clad in his suit
Alexandrus quailed as he saw Menelaus come forward, and shrank in
fear of his life under cover of his men. As one who starts back affrighted,
trembling and pale, when he comes suddenly upon a serpent in some
mountain glade, even so did Alexandrus plunge into the throng of Trojan
warriors, terror-stricken at the sight of the son Atreus.
Then Hector upbraided him. "Paris," said he, "evil-hearted Paris,
to see, but woman-mad, and false of tongue, would that you had
never been born, or that you had died unwed. Better so, than live
to be disgraced and looked askance at. Will not the Achaeans mock
at us and say that we have sent one to champion us who is fair to
see but who has neither wit nor courage? Did you not, such as you
are, get your following together and sail beyond the seas? Did you
not from your a far country carry off a lovely woman wedded among
a people of warriors- to bring sorrow upon your fatheM
and your whole country, but joy to your enemies, and hang-dog shamefacedness
to yourself? And now can you not dare face Menelaus and learn what
manner of man he is whose wife you have stolen? Where indeed would
be your lyre and your love-tricks, your comely locks and your fair
favour, when you were lying in the dust before him? The Trojans are
a weak-kneed people, or ere this you would have had a shirt of stones
for the wrongs you have done them."
And Alexandrus answered, "Hector, your rebuM
ke is just. You are hard
as the axe which a shipwright wields at his work, and cleaves the
timber to his liking. As the axe in his hand, so keen is the edge
of your scorn. Still, taunt me not with the gifts that golden Venus
has given me; they are precious; let not a man disdain them, for the
gods give them where they are minded, and none can have them for the
asking. If you would have me do battle with Menelaus, bid the Trojans
and Achaeans take their seats, while he and I fight in their midst
d all her wealth. Let him who shall be victorious and
prove to be the better man take the woman and all she has, to bear
them to his home, but let the rest swear to a solemn covenant of peace
whereby you Trojans shall stay here in Troy, while the others go home
to Argos and the land of the Achaeans."
When Hector heard this he was glad, and went about among the Trojan
ranks holding his spear by the middle to keep them back, and they
all sat down at his bidding: but the Achaeans still aimed at him with
nes and arrows, till Agamemnon shouted to them saying, "Hold, Argives,
shoot not, sons of the Achaeans; Hector desires to speak."
They ceased taking aim and were still, whereon Hector spoke. "Hear
from my mouth," said he, "Trojans and Achaeans, the saying of Alexandrus,
through whom this quarrel has come about. He bids the Trojans and
Achaeans lay their armour upon the ground, while he and Menelaus fight
in the midst of you for Helen and all her wealth. Let him who shall
be victorious and prove to be the bM
etter man take the woman and all
she has, to bear them to his own home, but let the rest swear to a
solemn covenant of peace."
Thus he spoke, and they all held their peace, till Menelaus of the
loud battle-cry addressed them. "And now," he said, "hear me too,
for it is I who am the most aggrieved. I deem that the parting of
Achaeans and Trojans is at hand, as well it may be, seeing how much
have suffered for my quarrel with Alexandrus and the wrong he did
me. Let him who shall die, die, and let the otherM
Bring, then, two lambs, a white ram and a black ewe, for Earth and
Sun, and we will bring a third for Jove. Moreover, you shall bid Priam
come, that he may swear to the covenant himself; for his sons are
high-handed and ill to trust, and the oaths of Jove must not be transgressed
or taken in vain. Young men's minds are light as air, but when an
old man comes he looks before and after, deeming that which shall
be fairest upon both sides."
The Trojans and Achaeans were glad when they heardM
thought that they should now have rest. They backed their chariots
toward the ranks, got out of them, and put off their armour, laying
it down upon the ground; and the hosts were near to one another with
a little space between them. Hector sent two messengers to the city
to bring the lambs and to bid Priam come, while Agamemnon told Talthybius
to fetch the other lamb from the ships, and he did as Agamemnon had
Meanwhile Iris went to Helen in the form of her sister-in-law, wife
he son of Antenor, for Helicaon, son of Antenor, had married Laodice,
the fairest of Priam's daughters. She found her in her own room, working
at a great web of purple linen, on which she was embroidering the
battles between Trojans and Achaeans, that Mars had made them fight
for her sake. Iris then came close up to her and said, "Come hither,
child, and see the strange doings of the Trojans and Achaeans till
now they have been warring upon the plain, mad with lust of battle,
but now they have left off fightM
ing, and are leaning upon their shields,
sitting still with their spears planted beside them. Alexandrus and
Menelaus are going to fight about yourself, and you are to the the
wife of him who is the victor."
Thus spoke the goddess, and Helen's heart yearned after her former
husband, her city, and her parents. She threw a white mantle over
her head, and hurried from her room, weeping as she went, not alone,
but attended by two of her handmaids, Aethrae, daughter of Pittheus,
and Clymene. And straightway tM
hey were at the Scaean gates.
The two sages, Ucalegon and Antenor, elders of the people, were seated
by the Scaean gates, with Priam, Panthous, Thymoetes, Lampus, Clytius,
and Hiketaon of the race of Mars. These were too old to fight, but
they were fluent orators, and sat on the tower like cicales that chirrup
delicately from the boughs of some high tree in a wood. When they
saw Helen coming towards the tower, they said softly to one another,
"Small wonder that Trojans and Achaeans should endure so much anM
so long, for the sake of a woman so marvellously and divinely lovely.
Still, fair though she be, let them take her and go, or she will breed
sorrow for us and for our children after us."
But Priam bade her draw nigh. "My child," said he, "take your seat
in front of me that you may see your former husband, your kinsmen
and your friends. I lay no blame upon you, it is the gods, not you
who are to blame. It is they that have brought about this terrible
war with the Achaeans. Tell me, then, who is yonder hM
and goodly? I have seen men taller by a head, but none so comely and
so royal. Surely he must be a king."
"Sir," answered Helen, "father of my husband, dear and reverend in
my eyes, would that I had chosen death rather than to have come here
with your son, far from my bridal chamber, my friends, my darling
daughter, and all the companions of my girlhood. But it was not to
be, and my lot is one of tears and sorrow. As for your question, the
hero of whom you ask is Agamemnon, son of AtreuM
a brave soldier, brother-in-law as surely as that he lives, to my
abhorred and miserable self."
The old man marvelled at him and said, "Happy son of Atreus, child
of good fortune. I see that the Achaeans are subject to you in great
multitudes. When I was in Phrygia I saw much horsemen, the people
of Otreus and of Mygdon, who were camping upon the banks of the river
Sangarius; I was their ally, and with them when the Amazons, peers
of men, came up against them, but even they were not soM
The old man next looked upon Ulysses; "Tell me," he said, "who is
that other, shorter by a head than Agamemnon, but broader across the
chest and shoulders? His armour is laid upon the ground, and he stalks
in front of the ranks as it were some great woolly ram ordering his
And Helen answered, "He is Ulysses, a man of great craft, son of Laertes.
He was born in rugged Ithaca, and excels in all manner of stratagems
and subtle cunning."
On this Antenor said, "Madam, yoM
u have spoken truly. Ulysses once
came here as envoy about yourself, and Menelaus with him. I received
them in my own house, and therefore know both of them by sight and
conversation. When they stood up in presence of the assembled Trojans,
Menelaus was the broader shouldered, but when both were seated Ulysses
had the more royal presence. After a time they delivered their message,
and the speech of Menelaus ran trippingly on the tongue; he did not
say much, for he was a man of few words, but he spoke very clM
and to the point, though he was the younger man of the two; Ulysses,
on the other hand, when he rose to speak, was at first silent and
kept his eyes fixed upon the ground. There was no play nor graceful
movement of his sceptre; he kept it straight and stiff like a man
unpractised in oratory- one might have taken him for a mere churl
or simpleton; but when he raised his voice, and the words came driving
from his deep chest like winter snow before the wind, then there was
none to touch him, and no man tM
hought further of what he looked like."
Priam then caught sight of Ajax and asked, "Who is that great and
goodly warrior whose head and broad shoulders tower above the rest
"That," answered Helen, "is huge Ajax, bulwark of the Achaeans, and
on the other side of him, among the Cretans, stands Idomeneus looking
like a god, and with the captains of the Cretans round him. Often
did Menelaus receive him as a guest in our house when he came visiting
us from Crete. I see, moreover, many otherM
Achaeans whose names I
could tell you, but there are two whom I can nowhere find, Castor,
breaker of horses, and Pollux the mighty boxer; they are children
of my mother, and own brothers to myself. Either they have not left
Lacedaemon, or else, though they have brought their ships, they will
not show themselves in battle for the shame and disgrace that I have
brought upon them."
She knew not that both these heroes were already lying under the earth
in their own land of Lacedaemon.
lds were bringing the holy oath-offerings through
the city- two lambs and a goatskin of wine, the gift of earth; and
Idaeus brought the mixing bowl and the cups of gold. He went up to
Priam and said, "Son of Laomedon, the princes of the Trojans and Achaeans
bid you come down on to the plain and swear to a solemn covenant.
Alexandrus and Menelaus are to fight for Helen in single combat, that
she and all her wealth may go with him who is the victor. We are to
swear to a solemn covenant of peace whereby we otheM
here in Troy, while the Achaeans return to Argos and the land of the
The old man trembled as he heard, but bade his followers yoke the
horses, and they made all haste to do so. He mounted the chariot,
gathered the reins in his hand, and Antenor took his seat beside him;
they then drove through the Scaean gates on to the plain. When they
reached the ranks of the Trojans and Achaeans they left the chariot,
and with measured pace advanced into the space between the hosts.
non and Ulysses both rose to meet them. The attendants brought
on the oath-offerings and mixed the wine in the mixing-bowls; they
poured water over the hands of the chieftains, and the son of Atreus
drew the dagger that hung by his sword, and cut wool from the lambs'
heads; this the men-servants gave about among the Trojan and Achaean
princes, and the son of Atreus lifted up his hands in prayer. "Father
Jove," he cried, "that rulest in Ida, most glorious in power, and
thou oh Sun, that seest and givest ear tM
o all things, Earth and Rivers,
and ye who in the realms below chastise the soul of him that has broken
his oath, witness these rites and guard them, that they be not vain.
If Alexandrus kills Menelaus, let him keep Helen and all her wealth,
while we sail home with our ships; but if Menelaus kills Alexandrus,
let the Trojans give back Helen and all that she has; let them moreover
pay such fine to the Achaeans as shall be agreed upon, in testimony
among those that shall be born hereafter. Aid if Priam and hisM
refuse such fine when Alexandrus has fallen, then will I stay here
and fight on till I have got satisfaction."
As he spoke he drew his knife across the throats of the victims, and
laid them down gasping and dying upon the ground, for the knife had
reft them of their strength. Then they poured wine from the mixing-bowl
into the cups, and prayed to the everlasting gods, saying, Trojans
and Achaeans among one another, "Jove, most great and glorious, and
ye other everlasting gods, grant that the brainsM
first sin against their oaths- of them and their children- may be
shed upon the ground even as this wine, and let their wives become
the slaves of strangers."
Thus they prayed, but not as yet would Jove grant them their prayer.
Then Priam, descendant of Dardanus, spoke, saying, "Hear me, Trojans
and Achaeans, I will now go back to the wind-beaten city of Ilius:
I dare not with my own eyes witness this fight between my son and
Menelaus, for Jove and the other immortals alone know which M
On this he laid the two lambs on his chariot and took his seat. He
gathered the reins in his hand, and Antenor sat beside him; the two
then went back to Ilius. Hector and Ulysses measured the ground, and
cast lots from a helmet of bronze to see which should take aim first.
Meanwhile the two hosts lifted up their hands and prayed saying, "Father
Jove, that rulest from Ida, most glorious in power, grant that he
who first brought about this war between us may die, and enter the
while we others remain at peace and abide by our oaths."
Great Hector now turned his head aside while he shook the helmet,
and the lot of Paris flew out first. The others took their several
stations, each by his horses and the place where his arms were lying,
while Alexandrus, husband of lovely Helen, put on his goodly armour.
First he greaved his legs with greaves of good make and fitted with
ancle-clasps of silver; after this he donned the cuirass of his brother
Lycaon, and fitted it to his own body; heM
hung his silver-studded
sword of bronze about his shoulders, and then his mighty shield. On
his comely head he set his helmet, well-wrought, with a crest of horse-hair
that nodded menacingly above it, and he grasped a redoubtable spear
that suited his hands. In like fashion Menelaus also put on his armour.
When they had thus armed, each amid his own people, they strode fierce
of aspect into the open space, and both Trojans and Achaeans were
struck with awe as they beheld them. They stood near one another M
the measured ground, brandishing their spears, and each furious against
the other. Alexandrus aimed first, and struck the round shield of
the son of Atreus, but the spear did not pierce it, for the shield
turned its point. Menelaus next took aim, praying to Father Jove as
he did so. "King Jove," he said, "grant me revenge on Alexandrus who
has wronged me; subdue him under my hand that in ages yet to come
a man may shrink from doing ill deeds in the house of his host."
He poised his spear as he spoke, aM
nd hurled it at the shield of Alexandrus.
Through shield and cuirass it went, and tore the shirt by his flank,
but Alexandrus swerved aside, and thus saved his life. Then the son
of Atreus drew his sword, and drove at the projecting part of his
helmet, but the sword fell shivered in three or four pieces from his
hand, and he cried, looking towards Heaven, "Father Jove, of all gods
thou art the most despiteful; I made sure of my revenge, but the sword
has broken in my hand, my spear has been hurled in vain, aM
With this he flew at Alexandrus, caught him by the horsehair plume
of his helmet, and began dragging him towards the Achaeans. The strap
of the helmet that went under his chin was choking him, and Menelaus
would have dragged him off to his own great glory had not Jove's daughter
Venus been quick to mark and to break the strap of oxhide, so that
the empty helmet came away in his hand. This he flung to his comrades
among the Achaeans, and was again springing upon Alexandrus to ruM
him through with a spear, but Venus snatched him up in a moment (as
a god can do), hid him under a cloud of darkness, and conveyed him
to his own bedchamber.
Then she went to call Helen, and found her on a high tower with the
Trojan women crowding round her. She took the form of an old woman
who used to dress wool for her when she was still in Lacedaemon, and
of whom she was very fond. Thus disguised she plucked her by perfumed
robe and said, "Come hither; Alexandrus says you are to go to the
e is on his bed in his own room, radiant with beauty and dressed
in gorgeous apparel. No one would think he had just come from fighting,
but rather that he was going to a dance, or had done dancing and was
With these words she moved the heart of Helen to anger. When she marked
the beautiful neck of the goddess, her lovely bosom, and sparkling
eyes, she marvelled at her and said, "Goddess, why do you thus beguile
me? Are you going to send me afield still further to some man whom
ken up in Phrygia or fair Meonia? Menelaus has just vanquished
Alexandrus, and is to take my hateful self back with him. You are
come here to betray me. Go sit with Alexandrus yourself; henceforth
be goddess no longer; never let your feet carry you back to Olympus;
worry about him and look after him till he make you his wife, or,
for the matter of that, his slave- but me? I shall not go; I can garnish
his bed no longer; I should be a by-word among all the women of Troy.
Besides, I have trouble on my mind."
Venus was very angry, and said, "Bold hussy, do not provoke me; if
you do, I shall leave you to your fate and hate you as much as I have
loved you. I will stir up fierce hatred between Trojans and Achaeans,
and you shall come to a bad end."
At this Helen was frightened. She wrapped her mantle about her and
went in silence, following the goddess and unnoticed by the Trojan
When they came to the house of Alexandrus the maid-servants set about
their work, but Helen went into her own room, and tM
goddess took a seat and set it for her facing Alexandrus. On this
Helen, daughter of aegis-bearing Jove, sat down, and with eyes askance
began to upbraid her husband.
"So you are come from the fight," said she; "would that you had fallen
rather by the hand of that brave man who was my husband. You used
to brag that you were a better man with hands and spear than Menelaus.
go, but I then, an challenge him again- but I should advise you not
to do so, for if you are foolish enough to meetM
him in single combat,
you will soon all by his spear."
And Paris answered, "Wife, do not vex me with your reproaches. This
time, with the help of Minerva, Menelaus has vanquished me; another
time I may myself be victor, for I too have gods that will stand by
me. Come, let us lie down together and make friends. Never yet was
I so passionately enamoured of you as at this moment- not even when
I first carried you off from Lacedaemon and sailed away with you-
not even when I had converse with you upon the cM
island of Cranae was I so enthralled by desire of you as now." On
this he led her towards the bed, and his wife went with him.
Thus they laid themselves on the bed together; but the son of Atreus
strode among the throng, looking everywhere for Alexandrus, and no
man, neither of the Trojans nor of the allies, could find him. If
they had seen him they were in no mind to hide him, for they all of
them hated him as they did death itself. Then Agamemnon, king of men,
spoke, saying, "Hear meM
, Trojans, Dardanians, and allies. The victory
has been with Menelaus; therefore give back Helen with all her wealth,
and pay such fine as shall be agreed upon, in testimony among them
that shall be born hereafter."
Thus spoke the son of Atreus, and the Achaeans shouted in applause.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Now the gods were sitting with Jove in council upon the golden floor
while Hebe went round pouring out nectar for them to drink, and as
y pledged one another in their cups of gold they looked down upon
the town of Troy. The son of Saturn then began to tease Juno, talking
at her so as to provoke her. "Menelaus," said he, "has two good friends
among the goddesses, Juno of Argos, and Minerva of Alalcomene, but
they only sit still and look on, while Venus keeps ever by Alexandrus'
side to defend him in any danger; indeed she has just rescued him
when he made sure that it was all over with him- for the victory really
did lie with Menelaus. We musM
t consider what we shall do about all
this; shall we set them fighting anew or make peace between them?
If you will agree to this last Menelaus can take back Helen and the
city of Priam may remain still inhabited."
Minerva and Juno muttered their discontent as they sat side by side
hatching mischief for the Trojans. Minerva scowled at her father,
for she was in a furious passion with him, and said nothing, but Juno
could not contain herself. "Dread son of Saturn," said she, "what,
pray, is the meaning ofM
all this? Is my trouble, then, to go for nothing,
and the sweat that I have sweated, to say nothing of my horses, while
getting the people together against Priam and his children? Do as
you will, but we other gods shall not all of us approve your counsel."
Jove was angry and answered, "My dear, what harm have Priam and his
sons done you that you are so hotly bent on sacking the city of Ilius?
Will nothing do for you but you must within their walls and eat Priam
raw, with his sons and all the other TrojansM
to boot? Have it your
own way then; for I would not have this matter become a bone of contention
between us. I say further, and lay my saying to your heart, if ever
I want to sack a city belonging to friends of yours, you must not
try to stop me; you will have to let me do it, for I am giving in
to you sorely against my will. Of all inhabited cities under the sun
and stars of heaven, there was none that I so much respected as Ilius
with Priam and his whole people. Equitable feasts were never wanting
my altar, nor the savour of burning fat, which is honour due
"My own three favourite cities," answered Juno, "are Argos, Sparta,
and Mycenae. Sack them whenever you may be displeased with them. I
shall not defend them and I shall not care. Even if I did, and tried
to stay you, I should take nothing by it, for you are much stronger
than I am, but I will not have my own work wasted. I too am a god
and of the same race with yourself. I am Saturn's eldest daughter,
and am honourable not on thiM
s ground only, but also because I am your
wife, and you are king over the gods. Let it be a case, then, of give-and-take
between us, and the rest of the gods will follow our lead. Tell Minerva
to go and take part in the fight at once, and let her contrive that
the Trojans shall be the first to break their oaths and set upon the
The sire of gods and men heeded her words, and said to Minerva, "Go
at once into the Trojan and Achaean hosts, and contrive that the Trojans
shall be the first to breakM
their oaths and set upon the Achaeans."
This was what Minerva was already eager to do, so down she darted
from the topmost summits of Olympus. She shot through the sky as some
brilliant meteor which the son of scheming Saturn has sent as a sign
to mariners or to some great army, and a fiery train of light follows
in its wake. The Trojans and Achaeans were struck with awe as they
beheld, and one would turn to his neighbour, saying, "Either we shall
again have war and din of combat, or Jove the lord of battM
now make peace between us."
Thus did they converse. Then Minerva took the form of Laodocus, son
of Antenor, and went through the ranks of the Trojans to find Pandarus,
the redoubtable son of Lycaon. She found him standing among the stalwart
heroes who had followed him from the banks of the Aesopus, so she
went close up to him and said, "Brave son of Lycaon, will you do as
I tell you? If you dare send an arrow at Menelaus you will win honour
and thanks from all the Trojans, and especially from priM
he would be the first to requite you very handsomely if he could see
Menelaus mount his funeral pyre, slain by an arrow from your hand.
Take your home aim then, and pray to Lycian Apollo, the famous archer;
vow that when you get home to your strong city of Zelea you will offer
a hecatomb of firstling lambs in his honour."
His fool's heart was persuaded, and he took his bow from its case.
This bow was made from the horns of a wild ibex which he had killed
as it was bounding from a rock; heM
had stalked it, and it had fallen
as the arrow struck it to the heart. Its horns were sixteen palms
long, and a worker in horn had made them into a bow, smoothing them
well down, and giving them tips of gold. When Pandarus had strung
his bow he laid it carefully on the ground, and his brave followers
held their shields before him lest the Achaeans should set upon him
before he had shot Menelaus. Then he opened the lid of his quiver
and took out a winged arrow that had yet been shot, fraught with the
of death. He laid the arrow on the string and prayed to Lycian
Apollo, the famous archer, vowing that when he got home to his strong
city of Zelea he would offer a hecatomb of firstling lambs in his
honour. He laid the notch of the arrow on the oxhide bowstring, and
drew both notch and string to his breast till the arrow-head was near
the bow; then when the bow was arched into a half-circle he let fly,
and the bow twanged, and the string sang as the arrow flew gladly
on over the heads of the throng.
the blessed gods did not forget thee, O Menelaus, and Jove's daughter,
driver of the spoil, was the first to stand before thee and ward off
the piercing arrow. She turned it from his skin as a mother whisks
a fly from off her child when it is sleeping sweetly; she guided it
to the part where the golden buckles of the belt that passed over
his double cuirass were fastened, so the arrow struck the belt that
went tightly round him. It went right through this and through the
cuirass of cunning workmanship; it alM
so pierced the belt beneath it,
which he wore next his skin to keep out darts or arrows; it was this
that served him in the best stead, nevertheless the arrow went through
it and grazed the top of the skin, so that blood began flowing from
As when some woman of Meonia or Caria strains purple dye on to a piece
of ivory that is to be the cheek-piece of a horse, and is to be laid
up in a treasure house- many a knight is fain to bear it, but the
king keeps it as an ornament of which both horse andM
proud- even so, O Menelaus, were your shapely thighs and your legs
down to your fair ancles stained with blood.
When King Agamemnon saw the blood flowing from the wound he was afraid,
and so was brave Menelaus himself till he saw that the barbs of the
arrow and the thread that bound the arrow-head to the shaft were still
outside the wound. Then he took heart, but Agamemnon heaved a deep
sigh as he held Menelaus's hand in his own, and his comrades made
moan in concert. "Dear brother, "he crM
ied, "I have been the death
of you in pledging this covenant and letting you come forward as our
champion. The Trojans have trampled on their oaths and have wounded
you; nevertheless the oath, the blood of lambs, the drink-offerings
and the right hands of fellowship in which have put our trust shall
not be vain. If he that rules Olympus fulfil it not here and now,
he. will yet fulfil it hereafter, and they shall pay dearly with their
lives and with their wives and children. The day will surely come
hty Ilius shall be laid low, with Priam and Priam's people,
when the son of Saturn from his high throne shall overshadow them
with his awful aegis in punishment of their present treachery. This
shall surely be; but how, Menelaus, shall I mourn you, if it be your
lot now to die? I should return to Argos as a by-word, for the Achaeans
will at once go home. We shall leave Priam and the Trojans the glory
of still keeping Helen, and the earth will rot your bones as you lie
here at Troy with your purpose not fulfiM
lled. Then shall some braggart
Trojan leap upon your tomb and say, 'Ever thus may Agamemnon wreak
his vengeance; he brought his army in vain; he is gone home to his
own land with empty ships, and has left Menelaus behind him.' Thus
will one of them say, and may the earth then swallow me."
But Menelaus reassured him and said, "Take heart, and do not alarm
the people; the arrow has not struck me in a mortal part, for my outer
belt of burnished metal first stayed it, and under this my cuirass
mail which the bronze-smiths made me."
And Agamemnon answered, "I trust, dear Menelaus, that it may be even
so, but the surgeon shall examine your wound and lay herbs upon it
to relieve your pain."
He then said to Talthybius, "Talthybius, tell Machaon, son to the
great physician, Aesculapius, to come and see Menelaus immediately.
Some Trojan or Lycian archer has wounded him with an arrow to our
dismay, and to his own great glory."
Talthybius did as he was told, and went about the host trying to fiM
Machaon. Presently he found standing amid the brave warriors who had
followed him from Tricca; thereon he went up to him and said, "Son
of Aesculapius, King Agamemnon says you are to come and see Menelaus
immediately. Some Trojan or Lycian archer has wounded him with an
arrow to our dismay and to his own great glory."
Thus did he speak, and Machaon was moved to go. They passed through
the spreading host of the Achaeans and went on till they came to the
place where Menelaus had been wounded and was lyiM
ng with the chieftains
gathered in a circle round him. Machaon passed into the middle of
the ring and at once drew the arrow from the belt, bending its barbs
back through the force with which he pulled it out. He undid the burnished
belt, and beneath this the cuirass and the belt of mail which the
bronze-smiths had made; then, when he had seen the wound, he wiped
away the blood and applied some soothing drugs which Chiron had given
to Aesculapius out of the good will he bore him.
While they were thus busM
y about Menelaus, the Trojans came forward
against them, for they had put on their armour, and now renewed the
You would not have then found Agamemnon asleep nor cowardly and unwilling
to fight, but eager rather for the fray. He left his chariot rich
with bronze and his panting steeds in charge of Eurymedon, son of
Ptolemaeus the son of Peiraeus, and bade him hold them in readiness
against the time his limbs should weary of going about and giving
orders to so many, for he went among the ranks on fM
men hasting to the front he stood by them and cheered them on. "Argives,"
said he, "slacken not one whit in your onset; father Jove will be
no helper of liars; the Trojans have been the first to break their
oaths and to attack us; therefore they shall be devoured of vultures;
we shall take their city and carry off their wives and children in
But he angrily rebuked those whom he saw shirking and disinclined
to fight. "Argives," he cried, "cowardly miserable creatures, have
u no shame to stand here like frightened fawns who, when they can
no longer scud over the plain, huddle together, but show no fight?
You are as dazed and spiritless as deer. Would you wait till the Trojans
reach the sterns of our ships as they lie on the shore, to see, whether
the son of Saturn will hold his hand over you to protect you?"
Thus did he go about giving his orders among the ranks. Passing through
the crowd, he came presently on the Cretans, arming round Idomeneus,
who was at their head, fierceM
as a wild boar, while Meriones was bringing
up the battalions that were in the rear. Agamemnon was glad when he
saw him, and spoke him fairly. "Idomeneus," said he, "I treat you
with greater distinction than I do any others of the Achaeans, whether
in war or in other things, or at table. When the princes are mixing
my choicest wines in the mixing-bowls, they have each of them a fixed
allowance, but your cup is kept always full like my own, that you
may drink whenever you are minded. Go, therefore, into battM
show yourself the man you have been always proud to be."
Idomeneus answered, "I will be a trusty comrade, as I promised you
from the first I would be. Urge on the other Achaeans, that we may
join battle at once, for the Trojans have trampled upon their covenants.
Death and destruction shall be theirs, seeing they have been the first
to break their oaths and to attack us."
The son of Atreus went on, glad at heart, till he came upon the two
Ajaxes arming themselves amid a host of foot-soldiers. AM
from some high post watches a storm drive over the deep before the
west wind- black as pitch is the offing and a mighty whirlwind draws
towards him, so that he is afraid and drives his flock into a cave-
even thus did the ranks of stalwart youths move in a dark mass to
battle under the Ajaxes, horrid with shield and spear. Glad was King
Agamemnon when he saw them. "No need," he cried, "to give orders to
such leaders of the Argives as you are, for of your own selves you
spur your men on toM
fight with might and main. Would, by father Jove,
Minerva, and Apollo that all were so minded as you are, for the city
of Priam would then soon fall beneath our hands, and we should sack
With this he left them and went onward to Nestor, the facile speaker
of the Pylians, who was marshalling his men and urging them on, in
company with Pelagon, Alastor, Chromius, Haemon, and Bias shepherd
of his people. He placed his knights with their chariots and horses
in the front rank, while the foot-soldiers, bM
rave men and many, whom
he could trust, were in the rear. The cowards he drove into the middle,
that they might fight whether they would or no. He gave his orders
to the knights first, bidding them hold their horses well in hand,
so as to avoid confusion. "Let no man," he said, "relying on his strength
or horsemanship, get before the others and engage singly with the
Trojans, nor yet let him lag behind or you will weaken your attack;
but let each when he meets an enemy's chariot throw his spear from
; this be much the best; this is how the men of old took towns
and strongholds; in this wise were they minded."
Thus did the old man charge them, for he had been in many a fight,
and King Agamemnon was glad. "I wish," he said to him, that your limbs
were as supple and your strength as sure as your judgment is; but
age, the common enemy of mankind, has laid his hand upon you; would
that it had fallen upon some other, and that you were still young."
And Nestor, knight of Gerene, answered, "Son of Atreus, M
gladly be the man I was when I slew mighty Ereuthalion; but the gods
will not give us everything at one and the same time. I was then young,
and now I am old; still I can go with my knights and give them that
counsel which old men have a right to give. The wielding of the spear
I leave to those who are younger and stronger than myself."
Agamemnon went his way rejoicing, and presently found Menestheus,
son of Peteos, tarrying in his place, and with him were the Athenians
loud of tongue in battlM
e. Near him also tarried cunning Ulysses, with
his sturdy Cephallenians round him; they had not yet heard the battle-cry,
for the ranks of Trojans and Achaeans had only just begun to move,
so they were standing still, waiting for some other columns of the
Achaeans to attack the Trojans and begin the fighting. When he saw
this Agamemnon rebuked them and said, "Son of Peteos, and you other,
steeped in cunning, heart of guile, why stand you here cowering and
waiting on others? You two should be of all men foremM
is hard fighting to be done, for you are ever foremost to accept my
invitation when we councillors of the Achaeans are holding feast.
You are glad enough then to take your fill of roast meats and to drink
wine as long as you please, whereas now you would not care though
you saw ten columns of Achaeans engage the enemy in front of you."
Ulysses glared at him and answered, "Son of Atreus, what are you talking
about? How can you say that we are slack? When the Achaeans are in
he Trojans, you shall see, if you care to do so,
that the father of Telemachus will join battle with the foremost of
them. You are talking idly."
When Agamemnon saw that Ulysses was angry, he smiled pleasantly at
him and withdrew his words. "Ulysses," said he, "noble son of Laertes,
excellent in all good counsel, I have neither fault to find nor orders
to give you, for I know your heart is right, and that you and I are
of a mind. Enough; I will make you amends for what I have said, and
been spoken may the gods bring it to nothing."
He then left them and went on to others. Presently he saw the son
of Tydeus, noble Diomed, standing by his chariot and horses, with
Sthenelus the son of Capaneus beside him; whereon he began to upbraid
him. "Son of Tydeus," he said, "why stand you cowering here upon the
brink of battle? Tydeus did not shrink thus, but was ever ahead of
his men when leading them on against the foe- so, at least, say they
that saw him in battle, for I never set eyes upon him myM
say that there was no man like him. He came once to Mycenae, not as
an enemy but as a guest, in company with Polynices to recruit his
forces, for they were levying war against the strong city of Thebes,
and prayed our people for a body of picked men to help them. The men
of Mycenae were willing to let them have one, but Jove dissuaded them
by showing them unfavourable omens. Tydeus, therefore, and Polynices
went their way. When they had got as far the deep-meadowed and rush-grown
opus, the Achaeans sent Tydeus as their envoy, and
he found the Cadmeans gathered in great numbers to a banquet in the
house of Eteocles. Stranger though he was, he knew no fear on finding
himself single-handed among so many, but challenged them to contests
of all kinds, and in each one of them was at once victorious, so mightily
did Minerva help him. The Cadmeans were incensed at his success, and
set a force of fifty youths with two captains- the godlike hero Maeon,
son of Haemon, and Polyphontes, son of AuM
tophonus- at their head,
to lie in wait for him on his return journey; but Tydeus slew every
man of them, save only Maeon, whom he let go in obedience to heaven's
omens. Such was Tydeus of Aetolia. His son can talk more glibly, but
he cannot fight as his father did."
Diomed made no answer, for he was shamed by the rebuke of Agamemnon;
but the son of Capaneus took up his words and said, "Son of Atreus,
tell no lies, for you can speak truth if you will. We boast ourselves
as even better men than our fatherM
s; we took seven-gated Thebes, though
the wall was stronger and our men were fewer in number, for we trusted
in the omens of the gods and in the help of Jove, whereas they perished
through their own sheer folly; hold not, then, our fathers in like
Diomed looked sternly at him and said, "Hold your peace, my friend,
as I bid you. It is not amiss that Agamemnon should urge the Achaeans
forward, for the glory will be his if we take the city, and his the
shame if we are vanquished. Therefore M
let us acquit ourselves with
As he spoke he sprang from his chariot, and his armour rang so fiercely
about his body that even a brave man might well have been scared to
As when some mighty wave that thunders on the beach when the west
wind has lashed it into fury- it has reared its head afar and now
comes crashing down on the shore; it bows its arching crest high over
the jagged rocks and spews its salt foam in all directions- even so
did the serried phalanxes of the Danaans march sM
teadfastly to battle.
The chiefs gave orders each to his own people, but the men said never
a word; no man would think it, for huge as the host was, it seemed
as though there was not a tongue among them, so silent were they in
their obedience; and as they marched the armour about their bodies
glistened in the sun. But the clamour of the Trojan ranks was as that
of many thousand ewes that stand waiting to be milked in the yards
of some rich flockmaster, and bleat incessantly in answer to the bleating
r lambs; for they had not one speech nor language, but their
tongues were diverse, and they came from many different places. These
were inspired of Mars, but the others by Minerva- and with them came
Panic, Rout, and Strife whose fury never tires, sister and friend
of murderous Mars, who, from being at first but low in stature, grows
till she uprears her head to heaven, though her feet are still on
earth. She it was that went about among them and flung down discord
to the waxing of sorrow with even hand betwM
When they were got together in one place shield clashed with shield
and spear with spear in the rage of battle. The bossed shields beat
one upon another, and there was a tramp as of a great multitude- death-cry
and shout of triumph of slain and slayers, and the earth ran red with
blood. As torrents swollen with rain course madly down their deep
channels till the angry floods meet in some gorge, and the shepherd
the hillside hears their roaring from afar- even such was the toil
hosts as they joined in battle.
First Antilochus slew an armed warrior of the Trojans, Echepolus,
son of Thalysius, fighting in the foremost ranks. He struck at the
projecting part of his helmet and drove the spear into his brow; the
point of bronze pierced the bone, and darkness veiled his eyes; headlong
as a tower he fell amid the press of the fight, and as he dropped
King Elephenor, son of Chalcodon and captain of the proud Abantes
began dragging him out of reach of the darts that were falling around
him, in haste to strip him of his armour. But his purpose was not
for long; Agenor saw him haling the body away, and smote him in the
side with his bronze-shod spear- for as he stooped his side was left
unprotected by his shield- and thus he perished. Then the fight between
Trojans and Achaeans grew furious over his body, and they flew upon
each other like wolves, man and man crushing one upon the other.
Forthwith Ajax, son of Telamon, slew the fair youth Simoeisius, son
of Anthemion, whom his mother boreM
by the banks of the Simois, as
she was coming down from Mt. Ida, where she had been with her parents
to see their flocks. Therefore he was named Simoeisius, but he did
not live to pay his parents for his rearing, for he was cut off untimely
by the spear of mighty Ajax, who struck him in the breast by the right
nipple as he was coming on among the foremost fighters; the spear
went right through his shoulder, and he fell as a poplar that has
grown straight and tall in a meadow by some mere, and its top is thiM
with branches. Then the wheelwright lays his axe to its roots that
he may fashion a felloe for the wheel of some goodly chariot, and
it lies seasoning by the waterside. In such wise did Ajax fell to
earth Simoeisius, son of Anthemion. Thereon Antiphus of the gleaming
corslet, son of Priam, hurled a spear at Ajax from amid the crowd
and missed him, but he hit Leucus, the brave comrade of Ulysses, in
the groin, as he was dragging the body of Simoeisius over to the other
side; so he fell upon the body and lM
oosed his hold upon it. Ulysses
was furious when he saw Leucus slain, and strode in full armour through
the front ranks till he was quite close; then he glared round about
him and took aim, and the Trojans fell back as he did so. His dart
was not sped in vain, for it struck Democoon, the bastard son of Priam,
who had come to him from Abydos, where he had charge of his father's
mares. Ulysses, infuriated by the death of his comrade, hit him with
his spear on one temple, and the bronze point came through on thM
other side of his forehead. Thereon darkness veiled his eyes, and
his armour rang rattling round him as he fell heavily to the ground.
Hector, and they that were in front, then gave round while the Argives
raised a shout and drew off the dead, pressing further forward as
they did so. But Apollo looked down from Pergamus and called aloud
to the Trojans, for he was displeased. "Trojans," he cried, "rush
on the foe, and do not let yourselves be thus beaten by the Argives.
Their skins are not stone nor iron tM
hat when hit them you do them
no harm. Moreover, Achilles, the son of lovely Thetis, is not fighting,
but is nursing his anger at the ships."
Thus spoke the mighty god, crying to them from the city, while Jove's
redoubtable daughter, the Trito-born, went about among the host of
the Achaeans, and urged them forward whenever she beheld them slackening.
Then fate fell upon Diores, son of Amarynceus, for he was struck by
a jagged stone near the ancle of his right leg. He that hurled it
was Peirous, son of M
Imbrasus, captain of the Thracians, who had come
from Aenus; the bones and both the tendons were crushed by the pitiless
stone. He fell to the ground on his back, and in his death throes
stretched out his hands towards his comrades. But Peirous, who had
wounded him, sprang on him and thrust a spear into his belly, so that
his bowels came gushing out upon the ground, and darkness veiled his
eyes. As he was leaving the body, Thoas of Aetolia struck him in the
chest near the nipple, and the point fixed itself iM
came close up to him, pulled the spear out of his chest, and then
drawing his sword, smote him in the middle of the belly so that he
died; but he did not strip him of his armour, for his Thracian comrades,
men who wear their hair in a tuft at the top of their heads, stood
round the body and kept him off with their long spears for all his
great stature and valour; so he was driven back. Thus the two corpses
lay stretched on earth near to one another, the one captain of the
e other of the Epeans; and many another fell round
And now no man would have made light of the fighting if he could have
gone about among it scatheless and unwounded, with Minerva leading
him by the hand, and protecting him from the storm of spears and arrows.
For many Trojans and Achaeans on that day lay stretched side by side
face downwards upon the earth.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Then Pallas Minerva put valour into the heart of Diomed,M
that he might excel all the other Argives, and cover himself with
glory. She made a stream of fire flare from his shield and helmet
like the star that shines most brilliantly in summer after its bath
in the waters of Oceanus- even such a fire did she kindle upon his
head and shoulders as she bade him speed into the thickest hurly-burly
Now there was a certain rich and honourable man among the Trojans,
priest of Vulcan, and his name was Dares. He had two sons, Phegeus
aeus, both of them skilled in all the arts of war. These two
came forward from the main body of Trojans, and set upon Diomed, he
being on foot, while they fought from their chariot. When they were
close up to one another, Phegeus took aim first, but his spear went
over Diomed's left shoulder without hitting him. Diomed then threw,
and his spear sped not in vain, for it hit Phegeus on the breast near
the nipple, and he fell from his chariot. Idaeus did not dare to bestride
his brother's body, but sprang from M
the chariot and took to flight,
or he would have shared his brother's fate; whereon Vulcan saved him
by wrapping him in a cloud of darkness, that his old father might
not be utterly overwhelmed with grief; but the son of Tydeus drove
off with the horses, and bade his followers take them to the ships.
The Trojans were scared when they saw the two sons of Dares, one of
them in fright and the other lying dead by his chariot. Minerva, therefore,
took Mars by the hand and said, "Mars, Mars, bane of men, bloodstaiM
stormer of cities, may we not now leave the Trojans and Achaeans to
fight it out, and see to which of the two Jove will vouchsafe the
victory? Let us go away, and thus avoid his anger."
So saying, she drew Mars out of the battle, and set him down upon
the steep banks of the Scamander. Upon this the Danaans drove the
Trojans back, and each one of their chieftains killed his man. First
King Agamemnon flung mighty Odius, captain of the Halizoni, from his
chariot. The spear of Agamemnon caught him on theM
just as he was turning in flight; it struck him between the shoulders
and went right through his chest, and his armour rang rattling round
him as he fell heavily to the ground.
Then Idomeneus killed Phaesus, son of Borus the Meonian, who had come
from Varne. Mighty Idomeneus speared him on the right shoulder as
he was mounting his chariot, and the darkness of death enshrouded
him as he fell heavily from the car.
The squires of Idomeneus spoiled him of his armour, while Menelaus,
on of Atreus, killed Scamandrius the son of Strophius, a mighty huntsman
and keen lover of the chase. Diana herself had taught him how to kill
every kind of wild creature that is bred in mountain forests, but
neither she nor his famed skill in archery could now save him, for
the spear of Menelaus struck him in the back as he was flying; it
struck him between the shoulders and went right through his chest,
so that he fell headlong and his armour rang rattling round him.
Meriones then killed Phereclus the soM
n of Tecton, who was the son
of Hermon, a man whose hand was skilled in all manner of cunning workmanship,
for Pallas Minerva had dearly loved him. He it was that made the ships
for Alexandrus, which were the beginning of all mischief, and brought
evil alike both on the Trojans and on Alexandrus himself; for he heeded
not the decrees of heaven. Meriones overtook him as he was flying,
and struck him on the right buttock. The point of the spear went through
the bone into the bladder, and death came upon him asM
and fell forward on his knees.
Meges, moreover, slew Pedaeus, son of Antenor, who, though he was
a bastard, had been brought up by Theano as one of her own children,
for the love she bore her husband. The son of Phyleus got close up
to him and drove a spear into the nape of his neck: it went under
his tongue all among his teeth, so he bit the cold bronze, and fell
And Eurypylus, son of Euaemon, killed Hypsenor, the son of noble Dolopion,
who had been made priest of tM
he river Scamander, and was honoured
among the people as though he were a god. Eurypylus gave him chase
as he was flying before him, smote him with his sword upon the arm,
and lopped his strong hand from off it. The bloody hand fell to the
ground, and the shades of death, with fate that no man can withstand,
came over his eyes.
Thus furiously did the battle rage between them. As for the son of
Tydeus, you could not say whether he was more among the Achaeans or
the Trojans. He rushed across the plain likeM
a winter torrent that
has burst its barrier in full flood; no dykes, no walls of fruitful
vineyards can embank it when it is swollen with rain from heaven,
but in a moment it comes tearing onward, and lays many a field waste
that many a strong man hand has reclaimed- even so were the dense
phalanxes of the Trojans driven in rout by the son of Tydeus, and
many though they were, they dared not abide his onslaught.
Now when the son of Lycaon saw him scouring the plain and driving
the Trojans pell-mell beforM
e him, he aimed an arrow and hit the front
part of his cuirass near the shoulder: the arrow went right through
the metal and pierced the flesh, so that the cuirass was covered with
blood. On this the son of Lycaon shouted in triumph, "Knights Trojans,
come on; the bravest of the Achaeans is wounded, and he will not hold
out much longer if King Apollo was indeed with me when I sped from
Thus did he vaunt; but his arrow had not killed Diomed, who withdrew
and made for the chariot and horses M
of Sthenelus, the son of Capaneus.
"Dear son of Capaneus," said he, "come down from your chariot, and
draw the arrow out of my shoulder."
Sthenelus sprang from his chariot, and drew the arrow from the wound,
whereon the blood came spouting out through the hole that had been
made in his shirt. Then Diomed prayed, saying, "Hear me, daughter
of aegis-bearing Jove, unweariable, if ever you loved my father well
and stood by him in the thick of a fight, do the like now by me; grant
me to come within a spear's M
throw of that man and kill him. He has
been too quick for me and has wounded me; and now he is boasting that
I shall not see the light of the sun much longer."
Thus he prayed, and Pallas Minerva heard him; she made his limbs supple
and quickened his hands and his feet. Then she went up close to him
and said, "Fear not, Diomed, to do battle with the Trojans, for I
have set in your heart the spirit of your knightly father Tydeus.
Moreover, I have withdrawn the veil from your eyes, that you know
n apart. If, then, any other god comes here and offers
you battle, do not fight him; but should Jove's daughter Venus come,
strike her with your spear and wound her."
When she had said this Minerva went away, and the son of Tydeus again
took his place among the foremost fighters, three times more fierce
even than he had been before. He was like a lion that some mountain
shepherd has wounded, but not killed, as he is springing over the
wall of a sheep-yard to attack the sheep. The shepherd has roused
brute to fury but cannot defend his flock, so he takes shelter
under cover of the buildings, while the sheep, panic-stricken on being
deserted, are smothered in heaps one on top of the other, and the
angry lion leaps out over the sheep-yard wall. Even thus did Diomed
go furiously about among the Trojans.
He killed Astynous, and shepherd of his people, the one with a thrust
of his spear, which struck him above the nipple, the other with a
sword- cut on the collar-bone, that severed his shoulder from his
eck and back. He let both of them lie, and went in pursuit of Abas
and Polyidus, sons of the old reader of dreams Eurydamas: they never
came back for him to read them any more dreams, for mighty Diomed
made an end of them. He then gave chase to Xanthus and Thoon, the
two sons of Phaenops, both of them very dear to him, for he was now
worn out with age, and begat no more sons to inherit his possessions.
But Diomed took both their lives and left their father sorrowing bitterly,
for he nevermore saw them come hM
ome from battle alive, and his kinsmen
divided his wealth among themselves.
Then he came upon two sons of Priam, Echemmon and Chromius, as they
were both in one chariot. He sprang upon them as a lion fastens on
the neck of some cow or heifer when the herd is feeding in a coppice.
For all their vain struggles he flung them both from their chariot
and stripped the armour from their bodies. Then he gave their horses
to his comrades to take them back to the ships.
When Aeneas saw him thus making havoc amoM
ng the ranks, he went through
the fight amid the rain of spears to see if he could find Pandarus.
When he had found the brave son of Lycaon he said, "Pandarus, where
is now your bow, your winged arrows, and your renown as an archer,
in respect of which no man here can rival you nor is there any in
Lycia that can beat you? Lift then your hands to Jove and send an
arrow at this fellow who is going so masterfully about, and has done
such deadly work among the Trojans. He has killed many a brave man-
eed he is some god who is angry with the Trojans about their
sacrifices, and and has set his hand against them in his displeasure."
And the son of Lycaon answered, "Aeneas, I take him for none other
than the son of Tydeus. I know him by his shield, the visor of his
helmet, and by his horses. It is possible that he may be a god, but
if he is the man I say he is, he is not making all this havoc without
heaven's help, but has some god by his side who is shrouded in a cloud
of darkness, and who turned my arrowM
aside when it had hit him. I
have taken aim at him already and hit him on the right shoulder; my
arrow went through the breastpiece of his cuirass; and I made sure
I should send him hurrying to the world below, but it seems that I
have not killed him. There must be a god who is angry with me. Moreover
I have neither horse nor chariot. In my father's stables there are
eleven excellent chariots, fresh from the builder, quite new, with
cloths spread over them; and by each of them there stand a pair of
champing barley and rye; my old father Lycaon urged me again
and again when I was at home and on the point of starting, to take
chariots and horses with me that I might lead the Trojans in battle,
but I would not listen to him; it would have been much better if I
had done so, but I was thinking about the horses, which had been used
to eat their fill, and I was afraid that in such a great gathering
of men they might be ill-fed, so I left them at home and came on foot
to Ilius armed only with my bow and arrowM
s. These it seems, are of
no use, for I have already hit two chieftains, the sons of Atreus
and of Tydeus, and though I drew blood surely enough, I have only
made them still more furious. I did ill to take my bow down from its
peg on the day I led my band of Trojans to Ilius in Hector's service,
and if ever I get home again to set eyes on my native place, my wife,
and the greatness of my house, may some one cut my head off then and
there if I do not break the bow and set it on a hot fire- such pranks
Aeneas answered, "Say no more. Things will not mend till we two go
against this man with chariot and horses and bring him to a trial
of arms. Mount my chariot, and note how cleverly the horses of Tros
can speed hither and thither over the plain in pursuit or flight.
If Jove again vouchsafes glory to the son of Tydeus they will carry
us safely back to the city. Take hold, then, of the whip and reins
while I stand upon the car to fight, or else do you wait this man's
onset while I look after theM
"Aeneas." replied the son of Lycaon, "take the reins and drive; if
we have to fly before the son of Tydeus the horses will go better
for their own driver. If they miss the sound of your voice when they
expect it they may be frightened, and refuse to take us out of the
fight. The son of Tydeus will then kill both of us and take the horses.
Therefore drive them yourself and I will be ready for him with my
They then mounted the chariot and drove full-speed towards the son
henelus, son of Capaneus, saw them coming and said to
Diomed, "Diomed, son of Tydeus, man after my own heart, I see two
heroes speeding towards you, both of them men of might the one a skilful
archer, Pandarus son of Lycaon, the other, Aeneas, whose sire is Anchises,
while his mother is Venus. Mount the chariot and let us retreat. Do
not, I pray you, press so furiously forward, or you may get killed."
Diomed looked angrily at him and answered: "Talk not of flight, for
I shall not listen to you: I am of a rM
ace that knows neither flight
nor fear, and my limbs are as yet unwearied. I am in no mind to mount,
but will go against them even as I am; Pallas Minerva bids me be afraid
of no man, and even though one of them escape, their steeds shall
not take both back again. I say further, and lay my saying to your
heart- if Minerva sees fit to vouchsafe me the glory of killing both,
stay your horses here and make the reins fast to the rim of the chariot;
then be sure you spring Aeneas' horses and drive them from the TM
to the Achaean ranks. They are of the stock that great Jove gave to
Tros in payment for his son Ganymede, and are the finest that live
and move under the sun. King Anchises stole the blood by putting his
mares to them without Laomedon's knowledge, and they bore him six
foals. Four are still in his stables, but he gave the other two to
Aeneas. We shall win great glory if we can take them."
Thus did they converse, but the other two had now driven close up
to them, and the son of Lycaon spoke first. "M
Great and mighty son,"
said he, "of noble Tydeus, my arrow failed to lay you low, so I will
now try with my spear."
He poised his spear as he spoke and hurled it from him. It struck
the shield of the son of Tydeus; the bronze point pierced it and passed
on till it reached the breastplate. Thereon the son of Lycaon shouted
out and said, "You are hit clean through the belly; you will not stand
out for long, and the glory of the fight is mine."
But Diomed all undismayed made answer, "You have missed, notM
and before you two see the end of this matter one or other of you
shall glut tough-shielded Mars with his blood."
With this he hurled his spear, and Minerva guided it on to Pandarus's
nose near the eye. It went crashing in among his white teeth; the
bronze point cut through the root of his to tongue, coming out under
his chin, and his glistening armour rang rattling round him as he
fell heavily to the ground. The horses started aside for fear, and
he was reft of life and strength.
from his chariot armed with shield and spear, fearing
lest the Achaeans should carry off the body. He bestrode it as a lion
in the pride of strength, with shield and on spear before him and
a cry of battle on his lips resolute to kill the first that should
dare face him. But the son of Tydeus caught up a mighty stone, so
huge and great that as men now are it would take two to lift it; nevertheless
he bore it aloft with ease unaided, and with this he struck Aeneas
on the groin where the hip turns in the joinM
t that is called the "cup-bone."
The stone crushed this joint, and broke both the sinews, while its
jagged edges tore away all the flesh. The hero fell on his knees,
and propped himself with his hand resting on the ground till the darkness
of night fell upon his eyes. And now Aeneas, king of men, would have
perished then and there, had not his mother, Jove's daughter Venus,
who had conceived him by Anchises when he was herding cattle, been
quick to mark, and thrown her two white arms about the body of her
ear son. She protected him by covering him with a fold of her own
fair garment, lest some Danaan should drive a spear into his breast
Thus, then, did she bear her dear son out of the fight. But the son
of Capaneus was not unmindful of the orders that Diomed had given
him. He made his own horses fast, away from the hurly-burly, by binding
the reins to the rim of the chariot. Then he sprang upon Aeneas's
horses and drove them from the Trojan to the Achaean ranks. When he
had so done he gave tM
hem over to his chosen comrade Deipylus, whom
he valued above all others as the one who was most like-minded with
himself, to take them on to the ships. He then remounted his own chariot,
seized the reins, and drove with all speed in search of the son of
Now the son of Tydeus was in pursuit of the Cyprian goddess, spear
in hand, for he knew her to be feeble and not one of those goddesses
that can lord it among men in battle like Minerva or Enyo the waster
of cities, and when at last after a long M
chase he caught her up, he
flew at her and thrust his spear into the flesh of her delicate hand.
The point tore through the ambrosial robe which the Graces had woven
for her, and pierced the skin between her wrist and the palm of her
hand, so that the immortal blood, or ichor, that flows in the veins
of the blessed gods, came pouring from the wound; for the gods do
not eat bread nor drink wine, hence they have no blood such as ours,
and are immortal. Venus screamed aloud, and let her son fall, but
pollo caught him in his arms, and hid him in a cloud of darkness,
lest some Danaan should drive a spear into his breast and kill him;
and Diomed shouted out as he left her, "Daughter of Jove, leave war
and battle alone, can you not be contented with beguiling silly women?
If you meddle with fighting you will get what will make you shudder
at the very name of war."
The goddess went dazed and discomfited away, and Iris, fleet as the
wind, drew her from the throng, in pain and with her fair skin all
hed. She found fierce Mars waiting on the left of the battle,
with his spear and his two fleet steeds resting on a cloud; whereon
she fell on her knees before her brother and implored him to let her
have his horses. "Dear brother," she cried, "save me, and give me
your horses to take me to Olympus where the gods dwell. I am badly
wounded by a mortal, the son of Tydeus, who would now fight even with
Thus she spoke, and Mars gave her his gold-bedizened steeds. She mounted
the chariot sick andM
sorry at heart, while Iris sat beside her and
took the reins in her hand. She lashed her horses on and they flew
forward nothing loth, till in a trice they were at high Olympus, where
the gods have their dwelling. There she stayed them, unloosed them
from the chariot, and gave them their ambrosial forage; but Venus
flung herself on to the lap of her mother Dione, who threw her arms
about her and caressed her, saying, "Which of the heavenly beings
has been treating you in this way, as though you had been doiM
wrong in the face of day?"
And laughter-loving Venus answered, "Proud Diomed, the son of Tydeus,
wounded me because I was bearing my dear son Aeneas, whom I love best
of all mankind, out of the fight. The war is no longer one between
Trojans and Achaeans, for the Danaans have now taken to fighting with
"Bear it, my child," replied Dione, "and make the best of it. We dwellers
in Olympus have to put up with much at the hands of men, and we lay
much suffering on one another.M
Mars had to suffer when Otus and Ephialtes,
children of Aloeus, bound him in cruel bonds, so that he lay thirteen
months imprisoned in a vessel of bronze. Mars would have then perished
had not fair Eeriboea, stepmother to the sons of Aloeus, told Mercury,
who stole him away when he was already well-nigh worn out by the severity
of his bondage. Juno, again, suffered when the mighty son of Amphitryon
wounded her on the right breast with a three-barbed arrow, and nothing
could assuage her pain. So, also, did hM
uge Hades, when this same man,
the son of aegis-bearing Jove, hit him with an arrow even at the gates
of hell, and hurt him badly. Thereon Hades went to the house of Jove
on great Olympus, angry and full of pain; and the arrow in his brawny
shoulder caused him great anguish till Paeeon healed him by spreading
soothing herbs on the wound, for Hades was not of mortal mould. Daring,
head-strong, evildoer who recked not of his sin in shooting the gods
that dwell in Olympus. And now Minerva has egged this son of M
on against yourself, fool that he is for not reflecting that no man
who fights with gods will live long or hear his children prattling
about his knees when he returns from battle. Let, then, the son of
Tydeus see that he does not have to fight with one who is stronger
than you are. Then shall his brave wife Aegialeia, daughter of Adrestus,
rouse her whole house from sleep, wailing for the loss of her wedded
lord, Diomed the bravest of the Achaeans."
So saying, she wiped the ichor from the wrist ofM
both hands, whereon the pain left her, and her hand was healed. But
Minerva and Juno, who were looking on, began to taunt Jove with their
mocking talk, and Minerva was first to speak. "Father Jove," said
she, "do not be angry with me, but I think the Cyprian must have been
persuading some one of the Achaean women to go with the Trojans of
whom she is so very fond, and while caressing one or other of them
she must have torn her delicate hand with the gold pin of the woman's
e sire of gods and men smiled, and called golden Venus to his side.
"My child," said he, "it has not been given you to be a warrior. Attend,
henceforth, to your own delightful matrimonial duties, and leave all
this fighting to Mars and to Minerva."
Thus did they converse. But Diomed sprang upon Aeneas, though he knew
him to be in the very arms of Apollo. Not one whit did he fear the
mighty god, so set was he on killing Aeneas and stripping him of his
armour. Thrice did he spring forward with might and maiM
and thrice did Apollo beat back his gleaming shield. When he was coming
on for the fourth time, as though he were a god, Apollo shouted to
him with an awful voice and said, "Take heed, son of Tydeus, and draw
off; think not to match yourself against gods, for men that walk the
earth cannot hold their own with the immortals."
The son of Tydeus then gave way for a little space, to avoid the anger
of the god, while Apollo took Aeneas out of the crowd and set him
in sacred Pergamus, where his M
temple stood. There, within the mighty
sanctuary, Latona and Diana healed him and made him glorious to behold,
while Apollo of the silver bow fashioned a wraith in the likeness
of Aeneas, and armed as he was. Round this the Trojans and Achaeans
hacked at the bucklers about one another's breasts, hewing each other's
round shields and light hide-covered targets. Then Phoebus Apollo
said to Mars, "Mars, Mars, bane of men, blood-stained stormer of cities,
can you not go to this man, the son of Tydeus, who would M
even with father Jove, and draw him out of the battle? He first went
up to the Cyprian and wounded her in the hand near her wrist, and
afterwards sprang upon me too, as though he were a god."
He then took his seat on the top of Pergamus, while murderous Mars
went about among the ranks of the Trojans, cheering them on, in the
likeness of fleet Acamas chief of the Thracians. "Sons of Priam,"
said he, "how long will you let your people be thus slaughtered by
the Achaeans? Would you wait till they aM
re at the walls of Troy? Aeneas
the son of Anchises has fallen, he whom we held in as high honour
as Hector himself. Help me, then, to rescue our brave comrade from
the stress of the fight."
With these words he put heart and soul into them all. Then Sarpedon
rebuked Hector very sternly. "Hector," said he, "where is your prowess
now? You used to say that though you had neither people nor allies
you could hold the town alone with your brothers and brothers-in-law.
I see not one of them here; they cower as M
hounds before a lion; it
is we, your allies, who bear the brunt of the battle. I have come
from afar, even from Lycia and the banks of the river Xanthus, where
I have left my wife, my infant son, and much wealth to tempt whoever
is needy; nevertheless, I head my Lycian soldiers and stand my ground
against any who would fight me though I have nothing here for the
Achaeans to plunder, while you look on, without even bidding your
men stand firm in defence of their wives. See that you fall not into
your foes as men caught in the meshes of a net, and they
sack your fair city forthwith. Keep this before your mind night and
day, and beseech the captains of your allies to hold on without flinching,
and thus put away their reproaches from you."
So spoke Sarpedon, and Hector smarted under his words. He sprang from
his chariot clad in his suit of armour, and went about among the host
brandishing his two spears, exhorting the men to fight and raising
the terrible cry of battle. Then they rallied and again M
Achaeans, but the Argives stood compact and firm, and were not driven
back. As the breezes sport with the chaff upon some goodly threshing-floor,
when men are winnowing- while yellow Ceres blows with the wind to
sift the chaff from the grain, and the chaff- heaps grow whiter and
whiter- even so did the Achaeans whiten in the dust which the horses'
hoofs raised to the firmament of heaven, as their drivers turned them
back to battle, and they bore down with might upon the foe. Fierce
he Trojans, covered them in a veil of darkness, and
went about everywhere among them, inasmuch as Phoebus Apollo had told
him that when he saw Pallas, Minerva leave the fray he was to put
courage into the hearts of the Trojans- for it was she who was helping
the Danaans. Then Apollo sent Aeneas forth from his rich sanctuary,
and filled his heart with valour, whereon he took his place among
his comrades, who were overjoyed at seeing him alive, sound, and of
a good courage; but they could not ask him how it haM
for they were too busy with the turmoil raised by Mars and by Strife,
who raged insatiably in their midst.
The two Ajaxes, Ulysses and Diomed, cheered the Danaans on, fearless
of the fury and onset of the Trojans. They stood as still as clouds
which the son of Saturn has spread upon the mountain tops when there
is no air and fierce Boreas sleeps with the other boisterous winds
whose shrill blasts scatter the clouds in all directions- even so
did the Danaans stand firm and unflinching agaiM
nst the Trojans. The
son of Atreus went about among them and exhorted them. "My friends,"
said he, "quit yourselves like brave men, and shun dishonour in one
another's eyes amid the stress of battle. They that shun dishonour
more often live than get killed, but they that fly save neither life
As he spoke he hurled his spear and hit one of those who were in the
front rank, the comrade of Aeneas, Deicoon son of Pergasus, whom the
Trojans held in no less honour than the sons of Priam, for he was
ever quick to place himself among the foremost. The spear of King
Agamemnon struck his shield and went right through it, for the shield
stayed it not. It drove through his belt into the lower part of his
belly, and his armour rang rattling round him as he fell heavily to
Then Aeneas killed two champions of the Danaans, Crethon and Orsilochus.
Their father was a rich man who lived in the strong city of Phere
and was descended from the river Alpheus, whose broad stream flows
f the Pylians. The river begat Orsilochus, who ruled
over much people and was father to Diocles, who in his turn begat
twin sons, Crethon and Orsilochus, well skilled in all the arts of
war. These, when they grew up, went to Ilius with the Argive fleet
in the cause of Menelaus and Agamemnon sons of Atreus, and there they
both of them fell. As two lions whom their dam has reared in the depths
of some mountain forest to plunder homesteads and carry off sheep
and cattle till they get killed by the hand of man, M
two vanquished by Aeneas, and fell like high pine-trees to the ground.
Brave Menelaus pitied them in their fall, and made his way to the
front, clad in gleaming bronze and brandishing his spear, for Mars
egged him on to do so with intent that he should be killed by Aeneas;
but Antilochus the son of Nestor saw him and sprang forward, fearing
that the king might come to harm and thus bring all their labour to
nothing; when, therefore Aeneas and Menelaus were setting their hands
nst one another eager to do battle, Antilochus placed
himself by the side of Menelaus. Aeneas, bold though he was, drew
back on seeing the two heroes side by side in front of him, so they
drew the bodies of Crethon and Orsilochus to the ranks of the Achaeans
and committed the two poor fellows into the hands of their comrades.
They then turned back and fought in the front ranks.
They killed Pylaemenes peer of Mars, leader of the Paphlagonian warriors.
Menelaus struck him on the collar-bone as he was standiM
while Antilochus hit his charioteer and squire Mydon, the son of Atymnius,
who was turning his horses in flight. He hit him with a stone upon
the elbow, and the reins, enriched with white ivory, fell from his
hands into the dust. Antilochus rushed towards him and struck him
on the temples with his sword, whereon he fell head first from the
chariot to the ground. There he stood for a while with his head and
shoulders buried deep in the dust- for he had fallen on sandy soil
kicked him and laid him flat on the ground, as Antilochus
lashed them and drove them off to the host of the Achaeans.
But Hector marked them from across the ranks, and with a loud cry
rushed towards them, followed by the strong battalions of the Trojans.
Mars and dread Enyo led them on, she fraught with ruthless turmoil
of battle, while Mars wielded a monstrous spear, and went about, now
in front of Hector and now behind him.
Diomed shook with passion as he saw them. As a man crossing a wide
ismayed to find himself on the brink of some great river
rolling swiftly to the sea- he sees its boiling waters and starts
back in fear- even so did the son of Tydeus give ground. Then he said
to his men, "My friends, how can we wonder that Hector wields the
spear so well? Some god is ever by his side to protect him, and now
Mars is with him in the likeness of mortal man. Keep your faces therefore
towards the Trojans, but give ground backwards, for we dare not fight
As he spoke the Trojans drM
ew close up, and Hector killed two men,
both in one chariot, Menesthes and Anchialus, heroes well versed in
war. Ajax son of Telamon pitied them in their fall; he came close
up and hurled his spear, hitting Amphius the son of Selagus, a man
of great wealth who lived in Paesus and owned much corn-growing land,
but his lot had led him to come to the aid of Priam and his sons.
Ajax struck him in the belt; the spear pierced the lower part of his
belly, and he fell heavily to the ground. Then Ajax ran towards himM
to strip him of his armour, but the Trojans rained spears upon him,
many of which fell upon his shield. He planted his heel upon the body
and drew out his spear, but the darts pressed so heavily upon him
that he could not strip the goodly armour from his shoulders. The
Trojan chieftains, moreover, many and valiant, came about him with
their spears, so that he dared not stay; great, brave and valiant
though he was, they drove him from them and he was beaten back.
Thus, then, did the battle rage between thM
em. Presently the strong
hand of fate impelled Tlepolemus, the son of Hercules, a man both
brave and of great stature, to fight Sarpedon; so the two, son and
grandson of great Jove, drew near to one another, and Tlepolemus spoke
first. "Sarpedon," said he, "councillor of the Lycians, why should
you come skulking here you who are a man of peace? They lie who call
you son of aegis-bearing Jove, for you are little like those who were
of old his children. Far other was Hercules, my own brave and lion-hearted
ther, who came here for the horses of Laomedon, and though he had
six ships only, and few men to follow him, sacked the city of Ilius
and made a wilderness of her highways. You are a coward, and your
people are falling from you. For all your strength, and all your coming
from Lycia, you will be no help to the Trojans but will pass the gates
of Hades vanquished by my hand."
And Sarpedon, captain of the Lycians, answered, "Tlepolemus, your
father overthrew Ilius by reason of Laomedon's folly in refusing payM
to one who had served him well. He would not give your father the
horses which he had come so far to fetch. As for yourself, you shall
meet death by my spear. You shall yield glory to myself, and your
soul to Hades of the noble steeds."
Thus spoke Sarpedon, and Tlepolemus upraised his spear. They threw
at the same moment, and Sarpedon struck his foe in the middle of his
throat; the spear went right through, and the darkness of death fell
upon his eyes. Tlepolemus's spear struck Sarpedon on the left M
with such force that it tore through the flesh and grazed the bone,
but his father as yet warded off destruction from him.
His comrades bore Sarpedon out of the fight, in great pain by the
weight of the spear that was dragging from his wound. They were in
such haste and stress as they bore him that no one thought of drawing
the spear from his thigh so as to let him walk uprightly. Meanwhile
the Achaeans carried off the body of Tlepolemus, whereon Ulysses was
moved to pity, and panted for the fray aM
s he beheld them. He doubted
whether to pursue the son of Jove, or to make slaughter of the Lycian
rank and file; it was not decreed, however, that he should slay the
son of Jove; Minerva, therefore, turned him against the main body
of the Lycians. He killed Coeranus, Alastor, Chromius, Alcandrus,
Halius, Noemon, and Prytanis, and would have slain yet more, had not
great Hector marked him, and sped to the front of the fight clad in
his suit of mail, filling the Danaans with terror. Sarpedon was glad
saw him coming, and besought him, saying, "Son of Priam, let
me not he here to fall into the hands of the Danaans. Help me, and
since I may not return home to gladden the hearts of my wife and of
my infant son, let me die within the walls of your city."
Hector made him no answer, but rushed onward to fall at once upon
the Achaeans and. kill many among them. His comrades then bore Sarpedon
away and laid him beneath Jove's spreading oak tree. Pelagon, his
friend and comrade drew the spear out of his thigh, M
but Sarpedon fainted
and a mist came over his eyes. Presently he came to himself again,
for the breath of the north wind as it played upon him gave him new
life, and brought him out of the deep swoon into which he had fallen.
Meanwhile the Argives were neither driven towards their ships by Mars
and Hector, nor yet did they attack them; when they knew that Mars
was with the Trojans they retreated, but kept their faces still turned
towards the foe. Who, then, was first and who last to be slain by
ector? They were valiant Teuthras, and Orestes the renowned
charioteer, Trechus the Aetolian warrior, Oenomaus, Helenus the son
of Oenops, and Oresbius of the gleaming girdle, who was possessed
of great wealth, and dwelt by the Cephisian lake with the other Boeotians
who lived near him, owners of a fertile country.
Now when the goddess Juno saw the Argives thus falling, she said to
Minerva, "Alas, daughter of aegis-bearing Jove, unweariable, the promise
we made Menelaus that he should not return till he hM
city of Ilius will be of none effect if we let Mars rage thus furiously.
Let us go into the fray at once."
Minerva did not gainsay her. Thereon the august goddess, daughter
of great Saturn, began to harness her gold-bedizened steeds. Hebe
with all speed fitted on the eight-spoked wheels of bronze that were
on either side of the iron axle-tree. The felloes of the wheels were
of gold, imperishable, and over these there was a tire of bronze,
wondrous to behold. The naves of the wheels were silM
the axle upon either side. The car itself was made with plaited bands
of gold and silver, and it had a double top-rail running all round
it. From the body of the car there went a pole of silver, on to the
end of which she bound the golden yoke, with the bands of gold that
were to go under the necks of the horses Then Juno put her steeds
under the yoke, eager for battle and the war-cry.
Meanwhile Minerva flung her richly embroidered vesture, made with
her own hands, on to her father's tM
hreshold, and donned the shirt
of Jove, arming herself for battle. She threw her tasselled aegis
about. her shoulders, wreathed round with Rout as with a fringe, and
on it were Strife, and Strength, and Panic whose blood runs cold;
moreover there was the head of the dread monster Gorgon,, grim and
awful to behold, portent of aegis-bearing Jove. On her head she set
her helmet of gold, with four plumes, and coming to a peak both in
front and behind- decked with the emblems of a hundred cities; then
d into her flaming chariot and grasped the spear, so stout
and sturdy and strong, with which she quells the ranks of heroes who
have displeased her. Juno lashed the horses on, and the gates of heaven
bellowed as they flew open of their own accord -gates over which the
flours preside, in whose hands are Heaven and Olympus, either to open
the dense cloud that hides them, or to close it. Through these the
goddesses drove their obedient steeds, and found the son of Saturn
sitting all alone on the topmost ridges M
of Olympus. There Juno stayed
her horses, and spoke to Jove the son of Saturn, lord of all. "Father
Jove," said she, "are you not angry with Mars for these high doings?
how great and goodly a host of the Achaeans he has destroyed to my
great grief, and without either right or reason, while the Cyprian
and Apollo are enjoying it all at their ease and setting this unrighteous
madman on to do further mischief. I hope, Father Jove, that you will
not be angry if I hit Mars hard, and chase him out of the battle."
And Jove answered, "Set Minerva on to him, for she punishes him more
often than any one else does."
Juno did as he had said. She lashed her horses, and they flew forward
nothing loth midway betwixt earth and sky. As far as a man can see
when he looks out upon the sea from some high beacon, so far can the
loud-neighing horses of the gods spring at a single bound. When they
reached Troy and the place where its two flowing streams Simois and
Scamander meet, there Juno stayed them and took them from the chM
She hid them in a thick cloud, and Simois made ambrosia spring up
for them to eat; the two goddesses then went on, flying like turtledoves
in their eagerness to help the Argives. When they came to the part
where the bravest and most in number were gathered about mighty Diomed,
fighting like lions or wild boars of great strength and endurance,
there Juno stood still and raised a shout like that of brazen-voiced
Stentor, whose cry was as loud as that of fifty men together. "Argives,"
on cowardly creatures, brave in semblance only;
as long as Achilles was fighting, fi his spear was so deadly that
the Trojans dared not show themselves outside the Dardanian gates,
but now they sally far from the city and fight even at your ships."
With these words she put heart and soul into them all, while Minerva
sprang to the side of the son of Tydeus, whom she found near his chariot
and horses, cooling the wound that Pandarus had given him. For the
sweat caused by the hand that bore the weight of his M
the hurt: his arm was weary with pain, and he was lifting up the strap
to wipe away the blood. The goddess laid her hand on the yoke of his
horses and said, "The son of Tydeus is not such another as his father.
Tydeus was a little man, but he could fight, and rushed madly into
the fray even when I told him not to do so. When he went all unattended
as envoy to the city of Thebes among the Cadmeans, I bade him feast
in their houses and be at peace; but with that high spirit which was
sent with him, he challenged the youth of the Cadmeans, and
at once beat them in all that he attempted, so mightily did I help
him. I stand by you too to protect you, and I bid you be instant in
fighting the Trojans; but either you are tired out, or you are afraid
and out of heart, and in that case I say that you are no true son
of Tydeus the son of Oeneus."
Diomed answered, "I know you, goddess, daughter of aegis-bearing Jove,
and will hide nothing from you. I am not afraid nor out of heart,
e any slackness in me. I am only following your own instructions;
you told me not to fight any of the blessed gods; but if Jove's daughter
Venus came into battle I was to wound her with my spear. Therefore
I am retreating, and bidding the other Argives gather in this place,
for I know that Mars is now lording it in the field."
"Diomed, son of Tydeus," replied Minerva, "man after my own heart,
fear neither Mars nor any other of the immortals, for I will befriend
you. Nay, drive straight at Mars, and smite M
him in close combat; fear
not this raging madman, villain incarnate, first on one side and then
on the other. But now he was holding talk with Juno and myself, saying
he would help the Argives and attack the Trojans; nevertheless he
is with the Trojans, and has forgotten the Argives."
With this she caught hold of Sthenelus and lifted him off the chariot
on to the ground. In a second he was on the ground, whereupon the
goddess mounted the car and placed herself by the side of Diomed.
The oaken axle groaneM
d aloud under the burden of the awful goddess
and the hero; Pallas Minerva took the whip and reins, and drove straight
at Mars. He was in the act of stripping huge Periphas, son of Ochesius
and bravest of the Aetolians. Bloody Mars was stripping him of his
armour, and Minerva donned the helmet of Hades, that he might not
see her; when, therefore, he saw Diomed, he made straight for him
and let Periphas lie where he had fallen. As soon as they were at
close quarters he let fly with his bronze spear over the rM
yoke, thinking to take Diomed's life, but Minerva caught the spear
in her hand and made it fly harmlessly over the chariot. Diomed then
threw, and Pallas Minerva drove the spear into the pit of Mars's stomach
where his under-girdle went round him. There Diomed wounded him, tearing
his fair flesh and then drawing his spear out again. Mars roared as
loudly as nine or ten thousand men in the thick of a fight, and the
Achaeans and Trojans were struck with panic, so terrible was the cry
s a dark cloud in the sky when it comes on to blow after heat, even
so did Diomed son of Tydeus see Mars ascend into the broad heavens.
With all speed he reached high Olympus, home of the gods, and in great
pain sat down beside Jove the son of Saturn. He showed Jove the immortal
blood that was flowing from his wound, and spoke piteously, saying,
"Father Jove, are you not angered by such doings? We gods are continually
suffering in the most cruel manner at one another's hands while helping
mortals; and we allM
owe you a grudge for having begotten that mad
termagant of a daughter, who is always committing outrage of some
kind. We other gods must all do as you bid us, but her you neither
scold nor punish; you encourage her because the pestilent creature
is your daughter. See how she has been inciting proud Diomed to vent
his rage on the immortal gods. First he went up to the Cyprian and
wounded her in the hand near her wrist, and then he sprang upon me
too as though he were a god. Had I not run for it I must eitherM
lain there for long enough in torments among the ghastly corpes, or
have been eaten alive with spears till I had no more strength left
Jove looked angrily at him and said, "Do not come whining here, Sir
Facing-bothways. I hate you worst of all the gods in Olympus, for
you are ever fighting and making mischief. You have the intolerable
and stubborn spirit of your mother Juno: it is all I can do to manage
her, and it is her doing that you are now in this plight: still, I
cannot let you remaiM
n longer in such great pain; you are my own off-spring,
and it was by me that your mother conceived you; if, however, you
had been the son of any other god, you are so destructive that by
this time you should have been lying lower than the Titans."
He then bade Paeeon heal him, whereon Paeeon spread pain-killing herbs
upon his wound and cured him, for he was not of mortal mould. As the
juice of the fig-tree curdles milk, and thickens it in a moment though
it is liquid, even so instantly did Paeeon cure fieM
Hebe washed him, and clothed him in goodly raiment, and he took his
seat by his father Jove all glorious to behold.
But Juno of Argos and Minerva of Alalcomene, now that they had put
a stop to the murderous doings of Mars, went back again to the house
----------------------------------------------------------------------
The fight between Trojans and Achaeans was now left to rage as it
would, and the tide of war surged hither and thither over the plain
ed their bronze-shod spears at one another between the
streams of Simois and Xanthus.
First, Ajax son of Telamon, tower of strength to the Achaeans, broke
a phalanx of the Trojans, and came to the assistance of his comrades
by killing Acamas son of Eussorus, the best man among the Thracians,
being both brave and of great stature. The spear struck the projecting
peak of his helmet: its bronze point then went through his forehead
into the brain, and darkness veiled his eyes.
Then Diomed killed Axylus soM
n of Teuthranus, a rich man who lived
in the strong city of Arisbe, and was beloved by all men; for he had
a house by the roadside, and entertained every one who passed; howbeit
not one of his guests stood before him to save his life, and Diomed
killed both him and his squire Calesius, who was then his charioteer-
so the pair passed beneath the earth.
Euryalus killed Dresus and Opheltius, and then went in pursuit of
Aesepus and Pedasus, whom the naiad nymph Abarbarea had borne to noble
was eldest son to Laomedon, but he was a bastard.
While tending his sheep he had converse with the nymph, and she conceived
twin sons; these the son of Mecisteus now slew, and he stripped the
armour from their shoulders. Polypoetes then killed Astyalus, Ulysses
Pidytes of Percote, and Teucer Aretaon. Ablerus fell by the spear
of Nestor's son Antilochus, and Agamemnon, king of men, killed Elatus
who dwelt in Pedasus by the banks of the river Satnioeis. Leitus killed
Phylacus as he was flying, and Eurypylus sM
Then Menelaus of the loud war-cry took Adrestus alive, for his horses
ran into a tamarisk bush, as they were flying wildly over the plain,
and broke the pole from the car; they went on towards the city along
with the others in full flight, but Adrestus rolled out, and fell
in the dust flat on his face by the wheel of his chariot; Menelaus
came up to him spear in hand, but Adrestus caught him by the knees
begging for his life. "Take me alive," he cried, "son of Atreus, and
ull ransom for me: my father is rich and has much
treasure of gold, bronze, and wrought iron laid by in his house. From
this store he will give you a large ransom should he hear of my being
alive and at the ships of the Achaeans."
Thus did he plead, and Menelaus was for yielding and giving him to
a squire to take to the ships of the Achaeans, but Agamemnon came
running up to him and rebuked him. "My good Menelaus," said he, "this
is no time for giving quarter. Has, then, your house fared so well
ands of the Trojans? Let us not spare a single one of them-
not even the child unborn and in its mother's womb; let not a man
of them be left alive, but let all in Ilius perish, unheeded and forgotten."
Thus did he speak, and his brother was persuaded by him, for his words
were just. Menelaus, therefore, thrust Adrestus from him, whereon
King Agamemnon struck him in the flank, and he fell: then the son
of Atreus planted his foot upon his breast to draw his spear from
Meanwhile Nestor shouted M
to the Argives, saying, "My friends, Danaan
warriors, servants of Mars, let no man lag that he may spoil the dead,
and bring back much booty to the ships. Let us kill as many as we
can; the bodies will lie upon the plain, and you can despoil them
later at your leisure."
With these words he put heart and soul into them all. And now the
Trojans would have been routed and driven back into Ilius, had not
Priam's son Helenus, wisest of augurs, said to Hector and Aeneas,
"Hector and Aeneas, you two are the maiM
nstays of the Trojans and Lycians,
for you are foremost at all times, alike in fight and counsel; hold
your ground here, and go about among the host to rally them in front
of the gates, or they will fling themselves into the arms of their
wives, to the great joy of our foes. Then, when you have put heart
into all our companies, we will stand firm here and fight the Danaans
however hard they press us, for there is nothing else to be done.
Meanwhile do you, Hector, go to the city and tell our mother what
appening. Tell her to bid the matrons gather at the temple of
Minerva in the acropolis; let her then take her key and open the doors
of the sacred building; there, upon the knees of Minerva, let her
lay the largest, fairest robe she has in her house- the one she sets
most store by; let her, moreover, promise to sacrifice twelve yearling
heifers that have never yet felt the goad, in the temple of the goddess,
if she will take pity on the town, with the wives and little ones
of the Trojans, and keep the son ofM
Tydeus from falling on the goodly
city of Ilius; for he fights with fury and fills men's souls with
panic. I hold him mightiest of them all; we did not fear even their
great champion Achilles, son of a goddess though he be, as we do this
man: his rage is beyond all bounds, and there is none can vie with
Hector did as his brother bade him. He sprang from his chariot, and
went about everywhere among the host, brandishing his spears, urging
the men on to fight, and raising the dread cry of M
they rallied and again faced the Achaeans, who gave ground and ceased
their murderous onset, for they deemed that some one of the immortals
had come down from starry heaven to help the Trojans, so strangely
had they rallied. And Hector shouted to the Trojans, "Trojans and
allies, be men, my friends, and fight with might and main, while I
go to Ilius and tell the old men of our council and our wives to pray
to the gods and vow hecatombs in their honour."
With this he went his way, and the M
black rim of hide that went round
his shield beat against his neck and his ancles.
Then Glaucus son of Hippolochus, and the son of Tydeus went into the
open space between the hosts to fight in single combat. When they
were close up to one another Diomed of the loud war-cry was the first
to speak. "Who, my good sir," said he, "who are you among men? I have
never seen you in battle until now, but you are daring beyond all
others if you abide my onset. Woe to those fathers whose sons face
ver, you are one of the immortals and have come
down from heaven, I will not fight you; for even valiant Lycurgus,
son of Dryas, did not live long when he took to fighting with the
gods. He it was that drove the nursing women who were in charge of
frenzied Bacchus through the land of Nysa, and they flung their thyrsi
on the ground as murderous Lycurgus beat them with his oxgoad. Bacchus
himself plunged terror-stricken into the sea, and Thetis took him
to her bosom to comfort him, for he was scared by the furM
the man reviled him. Thereon the gods who live at ease were angry
with Lycurgus and the son of Saturn struck him blind, nor did he live
much longer after he had become hateful to the immortals. Therefore
I will not fight with the blessed gods; but if you are of them that
eat the fruit of the ground, draw near and meet your doom."
And the son of Hippolochus answered, son of Tydeus, why ask me of
my lineage? Men come and go as leaves year by year upon the trees.
Those of autumn the wind sheds uM
pon the ground, but when spring returns
the forest buds forth with fresh vines. Even so is it with the generations
of mankind, the new spring up as the old are passing away. If, then,
you would learn my descent, it is one that is well known to many.
There is a city in the heart of Argos, pasture land of horses, called
Ephyra, where Sisyphus lived, who was the craftiest of all mankind.
He was the son of Aeolus, and had a son named Glaucus, who was father
to Bellerophon, whom heaven endowed with the most surpaM
and beauty. But Proetus devised his ruin, and being stronger than
he, drove him from the land of the Argives, over which Jove had made
him ruler. For Antea, wife of Proetus, lusted after him, and would
have had him lie with her in secret; but Bellerophon was an honourable
man and would not, so she told lies about him to Proteus. 'Proetus,'
said she, 'kill Bellerophon or die, for he would have had converse
with me against my will.' The king was angered, but shrank from killing
o he sent him to Lycia with lying letters of introduction,
written on a folded tablet, and containing much ill against the bearer.
He bade Bellerophon show these letters to his father-in-law, to the
end that he might thus perish; Bellerophon therefore went to Lycia,
and the gods convoyed him safely.
"When he reached the river Xanthus, which is in Lycia, the king received
him with all goodwill, feasted him nine days, and killed nine heifers
in his honour, but when rosy-fingered morning appeared upon the teM
day, he questioned him and desired to see the letter from his son-in-law
Proetus. When he had received the wicked letter he first commanded
Bellerophon to kill that savage monster, the Chimaera, who was not
a human being, but a goddess, for she had the head of a lion and the
tail of a serpent, while her body was that of a goat, and she breathed
forth flames of fire; but Bellerophon slew her, for he was guided
by signs from heaven. He next fought the far-famed Solymi, and this,
he said, was the hardest oM
f all his battles. Thirdly, he killed the
Amazons, women who were the peers of men, and as he was returning
thence the king devised yet another plan for his destruction; he picked
the bravest warriors in all Lycia, and placed them in ambuscade, but
not a man ever came back, for Bellerophon killed every one of them.
Then the king knew that he must be the valiant offspring of a god,
so he kept him in Lycia, gave him his daughter in marriage, and made
him of equal honour in the kingdom with himself; and the LycM
him a piece of land, the best in all the country, fair with vineyards
and tilled fields, to have and to hold.
"The king's daughter bore Bellerophon three children, Isander, Hippolochus,
and Laodameia. Jove, the lord of counsel, lay with Laodameia, and
she bore him noble Sarpedon; but when Bellerophon came to be hated
by all the gods, he wandered all desolate and dismayed upon the Alean
plain, gnawing at his own heart, and shunning the path of man. Mars,
insatiate of battle, killed his son IsandM
er while he was fighting
the Solymi; his daughter was killed by Diana of the golden reins,
for she was angered with her; but Hippolochus was father to myself,
and when he sent me to Troy he urged me again and again to fight ever
among the foremost and outvie my peers, so as not to shame the blood
of my fathers who were the noblest in Ephyra and in all Lycia. This,
then, is the descent I claim."
Thus did he speak, and the heart of Diomed was glad. He planted his
spear in the ground, and spoke to him with M
friendly words. "Then,"
he said, you are an old friend of my father's house. Great Oeneus
once entertained Bellerophon for twenty days, and the two exchanged
presents. Oeneus gave a belt rich with purple, and Bellerophon a double
cup, which I left at home when I set out for Troy. I do not remember
Tydeus, for he was taken from us while I was yet a child, when the
army of the Achaeans was cut to pieces before Thebes. Henceforth,
however, I must be your host in middle Argos, and you mine in Lycia,
ever go there; let us avoid one another's spears even
during a general engagement; there are many noble Trojans and allies
whom I can kill, if I overtake them and heaven delivers them into
my hand; so again with yourself, there are many Achaeans whose lives
you may take if you can; we two, then, will exchange armour, that
all present may know of the old ties that subsist between us."
With these words they sprang from their chariots, grasped one another's
hands, and plighted friendship. But the son of SatuM
take leave of his wits, for he exchanged golden armour for bronze,
the worth of a hundred head of cattle for the worth of nine.
Now when Hector reached the Scaean gates and the oak tree, the wives
and daughters of the Trojans came running towards him to ask after
their sons, brothers, kinsmen, and husbands: he told them to set about
praying to the gods, and many were made sorrowful as they heard him.
Presently he reached the splendid palace of King Priam, adorned with
colonnades of hewn M
stone. In it there were fifty bedchambers- all
of hewn stone- built near one another, where the sons of Priam slept,
each with his wedded wife. Opposite these, on the other side the courtyard,
there were twelve upper rooms also of hewn stone for Priam's daughters,
built near one another, where his sons-in-law slept with their wives.
When Hector got there, his fond mother came up to him with Laodice
the fairest of her daughters. She took his hand within her own and
said, "My son, why have you left the battle M
to come hither? Are the
Achaeans, woe betide them, pressing you hard about the city that you
have thought fit to come and uplift your hands to Jove from the citadel?
Wait till I can bring you wine that you may make offering to Jove
and to the other immortals, and may then drink and be refreshed. Wine
gives a man fresh strength when he is wearied, as you now are with
fighting on behalf of your kinsmen."
And Hector answered, "Honoured mother, bring no wine, lest you unman
me and I forget my strength. I darM
e not make a drink-offering to Jove
with unwashed hands; one who is bespattered with blood and filth may
not pray to the son of Saturn. Get the matrons together, and go with
offerings to the temple of Minerva driver of the spoil; there, upon
the knees of Minerva, lay the largest and fairest robe you have in
your house- the one you set most store by; promise, moreover, to sacrifice
twelve yearling heifers that have never yet felt the goad, in the
temple of the goddess if she will take pity on the town, with tM
wives and little ones of the Trojans, and keep the son of Tydeus from
off the goodly city of Ilius, for he fights with fury, and fills men's
souls with panic. Go, then, to the temple of Minerva, while I seek
Paris and exhort him, if he will hear my words. Would that the earth
might open her jaws and swallow him, for Jove bred him to be the bane
of the Trojans, and of Priam and Priam's sons. Could I but see him
go down into the house of Hades, my heart would forget its heaviness."
His mother went into tM
he house and called her waiting-women who gathered
the matrons throughout the city. She then went down into her fragrant
store-room, where her embroidered robes were kept, the work of Sidonian
women, whom Alexandrus had brought over from Sidon when he sailed
the seas upon that voyage during which he carried off Helen. Hecuba
took out the largest robe, and the one that was most beautifully enriched
with embroidery, as an offering to Minerva: it glittered like a star,
and lay at the very bottom of the chest. WM
ith this she went on her
way and many matrons with her.
When they reached the temple of Minerva, lovely Theano, daughter of
Cisseus and wife of Antenor, opened the doors, for the Trojans had
made her priestess of Minerva. The women lifted up their hands to
the goddess with a loud cry, and Theano took the robe to lay it upon
the knees of Minerva, praying the while to the daughter of great Jove.
"Holy Minerva," she cried, "protectress of our city, mighty goddess,
break the spear of Diomed and lay him low bM
efore the Scaean gates.
Do this, and we will sacrifice twelve heifers that have never yet
known the goad, in your temple, if you will have pity upon the town,
with the wives and little ones If the Trojans." Thus she prayed, but
Pallas Minerva granted not her prayer.
While they were thus praying to the daughter of great Jove, Hector
went to the fair house of Alexandrus, which he had built for him by
the foremost builders in the land. They had built him his house, storehouse,
and courtyard near those of PrM
iam and Hector on the acropolis. Here
Hector entered, with a spear eleven cubits long in his hand; the bronze
point gleamed in front of him, and was fastened to the shaft of the
spear by a ring of gold. He found Alexandrus within the house, busied
about his armour, his shield and cuirass, and handling his curved
bow; there, too, sat Argive Helen with her women, setting them their
several tasks; and as Hector saw him he rebuked him with words of
scorn. "Sir," said he, "you do ill to nurse this rancour; the peM
perish fighting round this our town; you would yourself chide one
whom you saw shirking his part in the combat. Up then, or ere long
the city will be in a blaze."
And Alexandrus answered, "Hector, your rebuke is just; listen therefore,
and believe me when I tell you that I am not here so much through
rancour or ill-will towards the Trojans, as from a desire to indulge
my grief. My wife was even now gently urging me to battle, and I hold
it better that I should go, for victory is ever fickle. Wait, tM
while I put on my armour, or go first and I will follow. I shall be
sure to overtake you."
Hector made no answer, but Helen tried to soothe him. "Brother," said
she, "to my abhorred and sinful self, would that a whirlwind had caught
me up on the day my mother brought me forth, and had borne me to some
mountain or to the waves of the roaring sea that should have swept
me away ere this mischief had come about. But, since the gods have
devised these evils, would, at any rate, that I had been wife to a
better man- to one who could smart under dishonour and men's evil
speeches. This fellow was never yet to be depended upon, nor never
will be, and he will surely reap what he has sown. Still, brother,
come in and rest upon this seat, for it is you who bear the brunt
of that toil that has been caused by my hateful self and by the sin
of Alexandrus- both of whom Jove has doomed to be a theme of song
among those that shall be born hereafter."
And Hector answered, "Bid me not be seated, Helen, for all the gooM
you bear me. I cannot stay. I am in haste to help the Trojans, who
miss me greatly when I am not among them; but urge your husband, and
of his own self also let him make haste to overtake me before I am
out of the city. I must go home to see my household, my wife and my
little son, for I know not whether I shall ever again return to them,
or whether the gods will cause me to fill by the hands of the Achaeans."
Then Hector left her, and forthwith was at his own house. He did not
find Andromache, for M
she was on the wall with her child and one of
her maids, weeping bitterly. Seeing, then, that she was not within,
he stood on the threshold of the women's rooms and said, "Women, tell
me, and tell me true, where did Andromache go when she left the house?
Was it to my sisters, or to my brothers' wives? or is she at the temple
of Minerva where the other women are propitiating the awful goddess?"
His good housekeeper answered, "Hector, since you bid me tell you
truly, she did not go to your sisters nor to youM
nor yet to the temple of Minerva, where the other women are propitiating
the awful goddess, but she is on the high wall of Ilius, for she had
heard the Trojans were being hard pressed, and that the Achaeans were
in great force: she went to the wall in frenzied haste, and the nurse
went with her carrying the child."
Hector hurried from the house when she had done speaking, and went
down the streets by the same way that he had come. When he had gone
through the city and had reached the SM
caean gates through which he
would go out on to the plain, his wife came running towards him, Andromache,
daughter of great Eetion who ruled in Thebe under the wooded slopes
of Mt. Placus, and was king of the Cilicians. His daughter had married
Hector, and now came to meet him with a nurse who carried his little
child in her bosom- a mere babe. Hector's darling son, and lovely
as a star. Hector had named him Scamandrius, but the people called
him Astyanax, for his father stood alone as chief guardian of IliuM
Hector smiled as he looked upon the boy, but he did not speak, and
Andromache stood by him weeping and taking his hand in her own. "Dear
husband," said she, "your valour will bring you to destruction; think
on your infant son, and on my hapless self who ere long shall be your
widow- for the Achaeans will set upon you in a body and kill you.
It would be better for me, should I lose you, to lie dead and buried,
for I shall have nothing left to comfort me when you are gone, save
only sorrow. I have neither M
father nor mother now. Achilles slew my
father when he sacked Thebe the goodly city of the Cilicians. He slew
him, but did not for very shame despoil him; when he had burned him
in his wondrous armour, he raised a barrow over his ashes and the
mountain nymphs, daughters of aegis-bearing Jove, planted a grove
of elms about his tomb. I had seven brothers in my father's house,
but on the same day they all went within the house of Hades. Achilles
killed them as they were with their sheep and cattle. My mother- hM
who had been queen of all the land under Mt. Placus- he brought hither
with the spoil, and freed her for a great sum, but the archer- queen
Diana took her in the house of your father. Nay- Hector- you who to
me are father, mother, brother, and dear husband- have mercy upon
me; stay here upon this wall; make not your child fatherless, and
your wife a widow; as for the host, place them near the fig-tree,
where the city can be best scaled, and the wall is weakest. Thrice
have the bravest of them come thitheM
r and assailed it, under the two
Ajaxes, Idomeneus, the sons of Atreus, and the brave son of Tydeus,
either of their own bidding, or because some soothsayer had told them."
And Hector answered, "Wife, I too have thought upon all this, but
with what face should I look upon the Trojans, men or women, if I
shirked battle like a coward? I cannot do so: I know nothing save
to fight bravely in the forefront of the Trojan host and win renown
alike for my father and myself. Well do I know that the day will surely
come when mighty Ilius shall be destroyed with Priam and Priam's people,
but I grieve for none of these- not even for Hecuba, nor King Priam,
nor for my brothers many and brave who may fall in the dust before
their foes- for none of these do I grieve as for yourself when the
day shall come on which some one of the Achaeans shall rob you for
ever of your freedom, and bear you weeping away. It may be that you
will have to ply the loom in Argos at the bidding of a mistress, or
to fetch water from the springs MM
esseis or Hypereia, treated brutally
by some cruel task-master; then will one say who sees you weeping,
'She was wife to Hector, the bravest warrior among the Trojans during
the war before Ilius.' On this your tears will break forth anew for
him who would have put away the day of captivity from you. May I lie
dead under the barrow that is heaped over my body ere I hear your
cry as they carry you into bondage."
He stretched his arms towards his child, but the boy cried and nestled
in his nurse's bosom, scM
ared at the sight of his father's armour,
and at the horse-hair plume that nodded fiercely from his helmet.
His father and mother laughed to see him, but Hector took the helmet
from his head and laid it all gleaming upon the ground. Then he took
his darling child, kissed him, and dandled him in his arms, praying
over him the while to Jove and to all the gods. "Jove," he cried,
"grant that this my child may be even as myself, chief among the Trojans;
let him be not less excellent in strength, and let him ruleM
with his might. Then may one say of him as he comes from battle, 'The
son is far better than the father.' May he bring back the blood-stained
spoils of him whom he has laid low, and let his mother's heart be
With this he laid the child again in the arms of his wife, who took
him to her own soft bosom, smiling through her tears. As her husband
watched her his heart yearned towards her and he caressed her fondly,
saying, "My own wife, do not take these things too bitterly to heart.
an hurry me down to Hades before my time, but if a man's hour
is come, be he brave or be he coward, there is no escape for him when
he has once been born. Go, then, within the house, and busy yourself
with your daily duties, your loom, your distaff, and the ordering
of your servants; for war is man's matter, and mine above all others
of them that have been born in Ilius."
He took his plumed helmet from the ground, and his wife went back
again to her house, weeping bitterly and often looking back towards
him. When she reached her home she found her maidens within, and bade
them all join in her lament; so they mourned Hector in his own house
though he was yet alive, for they deemed that they should never see
him return safe from battle, and from the furious hands of the Achaeans.
Paris did not remain long in his house. He donned his goodly armour
overlaid with bronze, and hasted through the city as fast as his feet
could take him. As a horse, stabled and fed, breaks loose and gallops
gloriously over the plaM
in to the place where he is wont to bathe in
the fair-flowing river- he holds his head high, and his mane streams
upon his shoulders as he exults in his strength and flies like the
wind to the haunts and feeding ground of the mares- even so went forth
Paris from high Pergamus, gleaming like sunlight in his armour, and
he laughed aloud as he sped swiftly on his way. Forthwith he came
upon his brother Hector, who was then turning away from the place
where he had held converse with his wife, and he was himself M
to speak. "Sir," said he, "I fear that I have kept you waiting when
you are in haste, and have not come as quickly as you bade me."
"My good brother," answered Hector, you fight bravely, and no man
with any justice can make light of your doings in battle. But you
are careless and wilfully remiss. It grieves me to the heart to hear
the ill that the Trojans speak about you, for they have suffered much
on your account. Let us be going, and we will make things right hereafter,
should Jove vouchsafe M
us to set the cup of our deliverance before
ever-living gods of heaven in our own homes, when we have chased the
Achaeans from Troy."
----------------------------------------------------------------------
With these words Hector passed through the gates, and his brother
Alexandrus with him, both eager for the fray. As when heaven sends
a breeze to sailors who have long looked for one in vain, and have
laboured at their oars till they are faint with toil, even so welcome
was the sight of theM
se two heroes to the Trojans.
Thereon Alexandrus killed Menesthius the son of Areithous; he lived
in Ame, and was son of Areithous the Mace-man, and of Phylomedusa.
Hector threw a spear at Eioneus and struck him dead with a wound in
the neck under the bronze rim of his helmet. Glaucus, moreover, son
of Hippolochus, captain of the Lycians, in hard hand-to-hand fight
smote Iphinous son of Dexius on the shoulder, as he was springing
on to his chariot behind his fleet mares; so he fell to earth from
and there was no life left in him.
When, therefore, Minerva saw these men making havoc of the Argives,
she darted down to Ilius from the summits of Olympus, and Apollo,
who was looking on from Pergamus, went out to meet her; for he wanted
the Trojans to be victorious. The pair met by the oak tree, and King
Apollo son of Jove was first to speak. "What would you have said he,
"daughter of great Jove, that your proud spirit has sent you hither
from Olympus? Have you no pity upon the Trojans, and would you iM
the scales of victory in favour of the Danaans? Let me persuade you-
for it will be better thus- stay the combat for to-day, but let them
renew the fight hereafter till they compass the doom of Ilius, since
you goddesses have made up your minds to destroy the city."
And Minerva answered, "So be it, Far-Darter; it was in this mind that
I came down from Olympus to the Trojans and Achaeans. Tell me, then,
how do you propose to end this present fighting?"
Apollo, son of Jove, replied, "Let us inciteM
great Hector to challenge
some one of the Danaans in single combat; on this the Achaeans will
be shamed into finding a man who will fight him."
Minerva assented, and Helenus son of Priam divined the counsel of
the gods; he therefore went up to Hector and said, "Hector son of
Priam, peer of gods in counsel, I am your brother, let me then persuade
you. Bid the other Trojans and Achaeans all of them take their seats,
and challenge the best man among the Achaeans to meet you in single
combat. I have heard tM
he voice of the ever-living gods, and the hour
of your doom is not yet come."
Hector was glad when he heard this saying, and went in among the Trojans,
grasping his spear by the middle to hold them back, and they all sat
down. Agamemnon also bade the Achaeans be seated. But Minerva and
Apollo, in the likeness of vultures, perched on father Jove's high
oak tree, proud of their men; and the ranks sat close ranged together,
bristling with shield and helmet and spear. As when the rising west
ce of the sea and the waters grow dark beneath it,
so sat the companies of Trojans and Achaeans upon the plain. And Hector
"Hear me, Trojans and Achaeans, that I may speak even as I am minded;
Jove on his high throne has brought our oaths and covenants to nothing,
and foreshadows ill for both of us, till you either take the towers
of Troy, or are yourselves vanquished at your ships. The princes of
the Achaeans are here present in the midst of you; let him, then,
that will fight me stand forwM
ard as your champion against Hector.
Thus I say, and may Jove be witness between us. If your champion slay
me, let him strip me of my armour and take it to your ships, but let
him send my body home that the Trojans and their wives may give me
my dues of fire when I am dead. In like manner, if Apollo vouchsafe
me glory and I slay your champion, I will strip him of his armour
and take it to the city of Ilius, where I will hang it in the temple
of Apollo, but I will give up his body, that the Achaeans may bury
him at their ships, and the build him a mound by the wide waters of
the Hellespont. Then will one say hereafter as he sails his ship over
the sea, 'This is the monument of one who died long since a champion
who was slain by mighty Hector.' Thus will one say, and my fame shall
Thus did he speak, but they all held their peace, ashamed to decline
the challenge, yet fearing to accept it, till at last Menelaus rose
and rebuked them, for he was angry. "Alas," he cried, "vain braggarts,
sooth not men, double-dyed indeed will be the stain upon
us if no man of the Danaans will now face Hector. May you be turned
every man of you into earth and water as you sit spiritless and inglorious
in your places. I will myself go out against this man, but the upshot
of the fight will be from on high in the hands of the immortal gods."
With these words he put on his armour; and then, O Menelaus, your
life would have come to an end at the hands of hands of Hector, for
he was far better the man, had not thM
e princes of the Achaeans sprung
upon you and checked you. King Agamemnon caught him by the right hand
and said, "Menelaus, you are mad; a truce to this folly. Be patient
in spite of passion, do not think of fighting a man so much stronger
than yourself as Hector son of Priam, who is feared by many another
as well as you. Even Achilles, who is far more doughty than you are,
shrank from meeting him in battle. Sit down your own people, and the
Achaeans will send some other champion to fight Hector; fearless anM
fond of battle though he be, I ween his knees will bend gladly under
him if he comes out alive from the hurly-burly of this fight."
With these words of reasonable counsel he persuaded his brother, whereon
his squires gladly stripped the armour from off his shoulders. Then
Nestor rose and spoke, "Of a truth," said he, "the Achaean land is
fallen upon evil times. The old knight Peleus, counsellor and orator
among the Myrmidons, loved when I was in his house to question me
concerning the race and lineage oM
f all the Argives. How would it not
grieve him could he hear of them as now quailing before Hector? Many
a time would he lift his hands in prayer that his soul might leave
his body and go down within the house of Hades. Would, by father Jove,
Minerva, and Apollo, that I were still young and strong as when the
Pylians and Arcadians were gathered in fight by the rapid river Celadon
under the walls of Pheia, and round about the waters of the river
Iardanus. The godlike hero Ereuthalion stood forward as their chM
with the armour of King Areithous upon his shoulders- Areithous whom
men and women had surnamed 'the Mace-man,' because he fought neither
with bow nor spear, but broke the battalions of the foe with his iron
mace. Lycurgus killed him, not in fair fight, but by entrapping him
in a narrow way where his mace served him in no stead; for Lycurgus
was too quick for him and speared him through the middle, so he fell
to earth on his back. Lycurgus then spoiled him of the armour which
Mars had given him, andM
bore it in battle thenceforward; but when
he grew old and stayed at home, he gave it to his faithful squire
Ereuthalion, who in this same armour challenged the foremost men among
us. The others quaked and quailed, but my high spirit bade me fight
him though none other would venture; I was the youngest man of them
all; but when I fought him Minerva vouchsafed me victory. He was the
biggest and strongest man that ever I killed, and covered much ground
as he lay sprawling upon the earth. Would that I were stilM
and strong as I then was, for the son of Priam would then soon find
one who would face him. But you, foremost among the whole host though
you be, have none of you any stomach for fighting Hector."
Thus did the old man rebuke them, and forthwith nine men started to
their feet. Foremost of all uprose King Agamemnon, and after him brave
Diomed the son of Tydeus. Next were the two Ajaxes, men clothed in
valour as with a garment, and then Idomeneus, and Meriones his brother
in arms. After these EurypylM
us son of Euaemon, Thoas the son of Andraemon,
and Ulysses also rose. Then Nestor knight of Gerene again spoke, saying:
"Cast lots among you to see who shall be chosen. If he come alive
out of this fight he will have done good service alike to his own
soul and to the Achaeans."
Thus he spoke, and when each of them had marked his lot, and had thrown
it into the helmet of Agamemnon son of Atreus, the people lifted their
hands in prayer, and thus would one of them say as he looked into
the vault of heaven, M
"Father Jove, grant that the lot fall on Ajax,
or on the son of Tydeus, or upon the king of rich Mycene himself."
As they were speaking, Nestor knight of Gerene shook the helmet, and
from it there fell the very lot which they wanted- the lot of Ajax.
The herald bore it about and showed it to all the chieftains of the
Achaeans, going from left to right; but they none of of them owned
it. When, however, in due course he reached the man who had written
upon it and had put it into the helmet, brave Ajax held oM
and the herald gave him the lot. When Ajax saw him mark he knew it
and was glad; he threw it to the ground and said, "My friends, the
lot is mine, and I rejoice, for I shall vanquish Hector. I will put
on my armour; meanwhile, pray to King Jove in silence among yourselves
that the Trojans may not hear you- or aloud if you will, for we fear
no man. None shall overcome me, neither by force nor cunning, for
I was born and bred in Salamis, and can hold my own in all things."
With this they fell pM
raying to King Jove the son of Saturn, and thus
would one of them say as he looked into the vault of heaven, "Father
Jove that rulest from Ida, most glorious in power, vouchsafe victory
to Ajax, and let him win great glory: but if you wish well to Hector
also and would protect him, grant to each of them equal fame and prowess.
Thus they prayed, and Ajax armed himself in his suit of gleaming bronze.
When he was in full array he sprang forward as monstrous Mars when
he takes part among men whom Jove has set M
fighting with one another-
even so did huge Ajax, bulwark of the Achaeans, spring forward with
a grim smile on his face as he brandished his long spear and strode
onward. The Argives were elated as they beheld him, but the Trojans
trembled in every limb, and the heart even of Hector beat quickly,
but he could not now retreat and withdraw into the ranks behind him,
for he had been the challenger. Ajax came up bearing his shield in
front of him like a wall- a shield of bronze with seven folds of oxhide-
ork of Tychius, who lived in Hyle and was by far the best worker
in leather. He had made it with the hides of seven full-fed bulls,
and over these he had set an eighth layer of bronze. Holding this
shield before him, Ajax son of Telamon came close up to Hector, and
menaced him saying, "Hector, you shall now learn, man to man, what
kind of champions the Danaans have among them even besides lion-hearted
Achilles cleaver of the ranks of men. He now abides at the ships in
anger with Agamemnon shepherd of his peoM
ple, but there are many of
us who are well able to face you; therefore begin the fight."
And Hector answered, "Noble Ajax, son of Telamon, captain of the host,
treat me not as though I were some puny boy or woman that cannot fight.
I have been long used to the blood and butcheries of battle. I am
quick to turn my leathern shield either to right or left, for this
I deem the main thing in battle. I can charge among the chariots and
horsemen, and in hand to hand fighting can delight the heart of Mars;
t I would not take such a man as you are off his guard- but
I will smite you openly if I can."
He poised his spear as he spoke, and hurled it from him. It struck
the sevenfold shield in its outermost layer- the eighth, which was
of bronze- and went through six of the layers but in the seventh hide
it stayed. Then Ajax threw in his turn, and struck the round shield
of the son of Priam. The terrible spear went through his gleaming
shield, and pressed onward through his cuirass of cunning workmanship;
erced the shirt against his side, but he swerved and thus saved
his life. They then each of them drew out the spear from his shield,
and fell on one another like savage lions or wild boars of great strength
and endurance: the son of Priam struck the middle of Ajax's shield,
but the bronze did not break, and the point of his dart was turned.
Ajax then sprang forward and pierced the shield of Hector; the spear
went through it and staggered him as he was springing forward to attack;
it gashed his neck and the bM
lood came pouring from the wound, but
even so Hector did not cease fighting; he gave ground, and with his
brawny hand seized a stone, rugged and huge, that was lying upon the
plain; with this he struck the shield of Ajax on the boss that was
in its middle, so that the bronze rang again. But Ajax in turn caught
up a far larger stone, swung it aloft, and hurled it with prodigious
force. This millstone of a rock broke Hector's shield inwards and
threw him down on his back with the shield crushing him under it,
but Apollo raised him at once. Thereon they would have hacked at one
another in close combat with their swords, had not heralds, messengers
of gods and men, come forward, one from the Trojans and the other
from the Achaeans- Talthybius and Idaeus both of them honourable men;
these parted them with their staves, and the good herald Idaeus said,
"My sons, fight no longer, you are both of you valiant, and both are
dear to Jove; we know this; but night is now falling, and the behests
of night may not be well gaM
Ajax son of Telamon answered, "Idaeus, bid Hector say so, for it was
he that challenged our princes. Let him speak first and I will accept
Then Hector said, "Ajax, heaven has vouchsafed you stature and strength,
and judgement; and in wielding the spear you excel all others of the
Achaeans. Let us for this day cease fighting; hereafter we will fight
anew till heaven decide between us, and give victory to one or to
the other; night is now falling, and the behests of night may not
be well gainsaid. Gladden, then, the hearts of the Achaeans at your
ships, and more especially those of your own followers and clansmen,
while I, in the great city of King Priam, bring comfort to the Trojans
and their women, who vie with one another in their prayers on my behalf.
Let us, moreover, exchange presents that it may be said among the
Achaeans and Trojans, 'They fought with might and main, but were reconciled
and parted in friendship.'
On this he gave Ajax a silver-studded sword with its sheath M
baldric, and in return Ajax gave him a girdle dyed with purple. Thus
they parted, the one going to the host of the Achaeans, and the other
to that of the Trojans, who rejoiced when they saw their hero come
to them safe and unharmed from the strong hands of mighty Ajax. They
led him, therefore, to the city as one that had been saved beyond
their hopes. On the other side the Achaeans brought Ajax elated with
victory to Agamemnon.
When they reached the quarters of the son of Atreus, Agamemnon sM
for them a five-year-old bull in honour of Jove the son of Saturn.
They flayed the carcass, made it ready, and divided it into joints;
these they cut carefully up into smaller pieces, putting them on the
spits, roasting them sufficiently, and then drawing them off. When
they had done all this and had prepared the feast, they ate it, and
every man had his full and equal share, so that all were satisfied,
and King Agamemnon gave Ajax some slices cut lengthways down the loin,
as a mark of special honM
our. As soon as they had had enough to cat
and drink, old Nestor whose counsel was ever truest began to speak;
with all sincerity and goodwill, therefore, he addressed them thus:-
"Son of Atreus, and other chieftains, inasmuch as many of the Achaeans
are now dead, whose blood Mars has shed by the banks of the Scamander,
and their souls have gone down to the house of Hades, it will be well
when morning comes that we should cease fighting; we will then wheel
our dead together with oxen and mules and burn theM
ships, that when we sail hence we may take the bones of our comrades
home to their children. Hard by the funeral pyre we will build a barrow
that shall be raised from the plain for all in common; near this let
us set about building a high wall, to shelter ourselves and our ships,
and let it have well-made gates that there may be a way through them
for our chariots. Close outside we will dig a deep trench all round
it to keep off both horse and foot, that the Trojan chieftains may
Thus he spoke, and the princess shouted in applause. Meanwhile the
Trojans held a council, angry and full of discord, on the acropolis
by the gates of King Priam's palace; and wise Antenor spoke. "Hear
me he said, "Trojans, Dardanians, and allies, that I may speak even
as I am minded. Let us give up Argive Helen and her wealth to the
sons of Atreus, for we are now fighting in violation of our solemn
covenants, and shall not prosper till we have done as I say."
He then sat down and AlexaM
ndrus husband of lovely Helen rose to speak.
"Antenor," said he, "your words are not to my liking; you can find
a better saying than this if you will; if, however, you have spoken
in good earnest, then indeed has heaven robbed you of your reason.
I will speak plainly, and hereby notify to the Trojans that I will
not give up the woman; but the wealth that I brought home with her
from Argos I will restore, and will add yet further of my own."
On this, when Paris had spoken and taken his seat, Priam of the raM
of Dardanus, peer of gods in council, rose and with all sincerity
and goodwill addressed them thus: "Hear me, Trojans, Dardanians, and
allies, that I may speak even as I am minded. Get your suppers now
as hitherto throughout the city, but keep your watches and be wakeful.
At daybreak let Idaeus go to the ships, and tell Agamemnon and Menelaus
sons of Atreus the saying of Alexandrus through whom this quarrel
has come about; and let him also be instant with them that they now
cease fighting till we burn ouM
r dead; hereafter we will fight anew,
till heaven decide between us and give victory to one or to the other."
Thus did he speak, and they did even as he had said. They took supper
in their companies and at daybreak Idaeus went his wa to the ships.
He found the Danaans, servants of Mars, in council at the stern of
Agamemnon's ship, and took his place in the midst of them. "Son of
Atreus," he said, "and princes of the Achaean host, Priam and the
other noble Trojans have sent me to tell you the saying of AlexM
through whom this quarrel has come about, if so be that you may find
it acceptable. All the treasure he took with him in his ships to Troy-
would that he had sooner perished- he will restore, and will add yet
further of his own, but he will not give up the wedded wife of Menelaus,
though the Trojans would have him do so. Priam bade me inquire further
if you will cease fighting till we burn our dead; hereafter we will
fight anew, till heaven decide between us and give victory to one
They all held their peace, but presently Diomed of the loud war-cry
spoke, saying, "Let there be no taking, neither treasure, nor yet
Helen, for even a child may see that the doom of the Trojans is at
The sons of the Achaeans shouted applause at the words that Diomed
had spoken, and thereon King Agamemnon said to Idaeus, "Idaeus, you
have heard the answer the Achaeans make you-and I with them. But as
concerning the dead, I give you leave to burn them, for when men are
once dead there should beM
no grudging them the rites of fire. Let
Jove the mighty husband of Juno be witness to this covenant."
As he spoke he upheld his sceptre in the sight of all the gods, and
Idaeus went back to the strong city of Ilius. The Trojans and Dardanians
were gathered in council waiting his return; when he came, he stood
in their midst and delivered his message. As soon as they heard it
they set about their twofold labour, some to gather the corpses, and
others to bring in wood. The Argives on their part also hasteneM
their ships, some to gather the corpses, and others to bring in wood.
The sun was beginning to beat upon the fields, fresh risen into the
vault of heaven from the slow still currents of deep Oceanus, when
the two armies met. They could hardly recognise their dead, but they
washed the clotted gore from off them, shed tears over them, and lifted
them upon their waggons. Priam had forbidden the Trojans to wail aloud,
so they heaped their dead sadly and silently upon the pyre, and having
nt back to the city of Ilius. The Achaeans in like manner
heaped their dead sadly and silently on the pyre, and having burned
them went back to their ships.
Now in the twilight when it was not yet dawn, chosen bands of the
Achaeans were gathered round the pyre and built one barrow that was
raised in common for all, and hard by this they built a high wall
to shelter themselves and their ships; they gave it strong gates that
there might be a way through them for their chariots, and close outside
g a trench deep and wide, and they planted it within with
Thus did the Achaeans toil, and the gods, seated by the side of Jove
the lord of lightning, marvelled at their great work; but Neptune,
lord of the earthquake, spoke, saying, "Father Jove, what mortal in
the whole world will again take the gods into his counsel? See you
not how the Achaeans have built a wall about their ships and driven
a trench all round it, without offering hecatombs to the gods? The
The fame of this wall will reach as fM
ar as dawn itself, and men will
no longer think anything of the one which Phoebus Apollo and myself
built with so much labour for Laomedon."
Jove was displeased and answered, "What, O shaker of the earth, are
you talking about? A god less powerful than yourself might be alarmed
at what they are doing, but your fame reaches as far as dawn itself.
Surely when the Achaeans have gone home with their ships, you can
shatter their wall and Ring it into the sea; you can cover the beach
with sand again, and the gM
reat wall of the Achaeans will then be utterly
Thus did they converse, and by sunset the work of the Achaeans was
completed; they then slaughtered oxen at their tents and got their
supper. Many ships had come with wine from Lemnos, sent by Euneus
the son of Jason, born to him by Hypsipyle. The son of Jason freighted
them with ten thousand measures of wine, which he sent specially to
the sons of Atreus, Agamemnon and Menelaus. From this supply the Achaeans
bought their wine, some with bronze, soM
me with iron, some with hides,
some with whole heifers, and some again with captives. They spread
a goodly banquet and feasted the whole night through, as also did
the Trojans and their allies in the city. But all the time Jove boded
them ill and roared with his portentous thunder. Pale fear got hold
upon them, and they spilled the wine from their cups on to the ground,
nor did any dare drink till he had made offerings to the most mighty
son of Saturn. Then they laid themselves down to rest and enjoyed
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Now when Morning, clad in her robe of saffron, had begun to suffuse
light over the earth, Jove called the gods in council on the topmost
crest of serrated Olympus. Then he spoke and all the other gods gave
ear. "Hear me," said he, "gods and goddesses, that I may speak even
as I am minded. Let none of you neither goddess nor god try to cross
me, but obey me every one of you that I may bring this matter to aM
end. If I see anyone acting apart and helping either Trojans or Danaans,
he shall be beaten inordinately ere he come back again to Olympus;
or I will hurl him down into dark Tartarus far into the deepest pit
under the earth, where the gates are iron and the floor bronze, as
far beneath Hades as heaven is high above the earth, that you may
learn how much the mightiest I am among you. Try me and find out for
yourselves. Hangs me a golden chain from heaven, and lay hold of it
all of you, gods and goddesses tM
ogether- tug as you will, you will
not drag Jove the supreme counsellor from heaven to earth; but were
I to pull at it myself I should draw you up with earth and sea into
the bargain, then would I bind the chain about some pinnacle of Olympus
and leave you all dangling in the mid firmament. So far am I above
all others either of gods or men."
They were frightened and all of them of held their peace, for he had
spoken masterfully; but at last Minerva answered, "Father, son of
Saturn, king of kings, we allM
know that your might is not to be gainsaid,
but we are also sorry for the Danaan warriors, who are perishing and
coming to a bad end. We will, however, since you so bid us, refrain
from actual fighting, but we will make serviceable suggestions to
the Argives that they may not all of them perish in your displeasure."
Jove smiled at her and answered, "Take heart, my child, Trito-born;
I am not really in earnest, and I wish to be kind to you."
With this he yoked his fleet horses, with hoofs of bronze and mM
of glittering gold. He girded himself also with gold about the body,
seized his gold whip and took his seat in his chariot. Thereon he
lashed his horses and they flew forward nothing loth midway twixt
earth and starry heaven. After a while he reached many-fountained
Ida, mother of wild beasts, and Gargarus, where are his grove and
fragrant altar. There the father of gods and men stayed his horses,
took them from the chariot, and hid them in a thick cloud; then he
took his seat all glorious upon the topM
most crests, looking down upon
the city of Troy and the ships of the Achaeans.
The Achaeans took their morning meal hastily at the ships, and afterwards
put on their armour. The Trojans on the other hand likewise armed
themselves throughout the city, fewer in numbers but nevertheless
eager perforce to do battle for their wives and children. All the
gates were flung wide open, and horse and foot sallied forth with
the tramp as of a great multitude.
When they were got together in one place, shield clashM
and spear with spear, in the conflict of mail-clad men. Mighty was
the din as the bossed shields pressed hard on one another- death-
cry and shout of triumph of slain and slayers, and the earth ran red
Now so long as the day waxed and it was still morning their weapons
beat against one another, and the people fell, but when the sun had
reached mid-heaven, the sire of all balanced his golden scales, and
put two fates of death within them, one for the Trojans and the other
the Achaeans. He took the balance by the middle, and when he lifted
it up the day of the Achaeans sank; the death-fraught scale of the
Achaeans settled down upon the ground, while that of the Trojans rose
heavenwards. Then he thundered aloud from Ida, and sent the glare
of his lightning upon the Achaeans; when they saw this, pale fear
fell upon them and they were sore afraid.
Idomeneus dared not stay nor yet Agamemnon, nor did the two Ajaxes,
servants of Mars, hold their ground. Nestor knight of Gerene alM
stood firm, bulwark of the Achaeans, not of his own will, but one
of his horses was disabled. Alexandrus husband of lovely Helen had
hit it with an arrow just on the top of its head where the mane begins
to grow away from the skull, a very deadly place. The horse bounded
in his anguish as the arrow pierced his brain, and his struggles threw
others into confusion. The old man instantly began cutting the traces
with his sword, but Hector's fleet horses bore down upon him through
the rout with their bold cM
harioteer, even Hector himself, and the
old man would have perished there and then had not Diomed been quick
to mark, and with a loud cry called Ulysses to help him.
"Ulysses," he cried, "noble son of Laertes where are you flying to,
with your back turned like a coward? See that you are not struck with
a spear between the shoulders. Stay here and help me to defend Nestor
from this man's furious onset."
Ulysses would not give ear, but sped onward to the ships of the Achaeans,
and the son of Tydeus flingM
ing himself alone into the thick of the
fight took his stand before the horses of the son of Neleus. "Sir,"
said he, "these young warriors are pressing you hard, your force is
spent, and age is heavy upon you, your squire is naught, and your
horses are slow to move. Mount my chariot and see what the horses
of Tros can do- how cleverly they can scud hither and thither over
the plain either in flight or in pursuit. I took them from the hero
Aeneas. Let our squires attend to your own steeds, but let us drive
ine straight at the Trojans, that Hector may learn how furiously
I too can wield my spear."
Nestor knight of Gerene hearkened to his words. Thereon the doughty
squires, Sthenelus and kind-hearted Eurymedon, saw to Nestor's horses,
while the two both mounted Diomed's chariot. Nestor took the reins
in his hands and lashed the horses on; they were soon close up with
Hector, and the son of Tydeus aimed a spear at him as he was charging
full speed towards them. He missed him, but struck his charioteer
ire Eniopeus son of noble Thebaeus in the breast by the nipple
while the reins were in his hands, so that he died there and then,
and the horses swerved as he fell headlong from the chariot. Hector
was greatly grieved at the loss of his charioteer, but let him lie
for all his sorrow, while he went in quest of another driver; nor
did his steeds have to go long without one, for he presently found
brave Archeptolemus the son of Iphitus, and made him get up behind
the horses, giving the reins into his hand.
All had then been lost and no help for it, for they would have been
penned up in Ilius like sheep, had not the sire of gods and men been
quick to mark, and hurled a fiery flaming thunderbolt which fell just
in front of Diomed's horses with a flare of burning brimstone. The
horses were frightened and tried to back beneath the car, while the
reins dropped from Nestor's hands. Then he was afraid and said to
Diomed, "Son of Tydeus, turn your horses in flight; see you not that
the hand of Jove is against you? To-M
day he vouchsafes victory to Hector;
to-morrow, if it so please him, he will again grant it to ourselves;
no man, however brave, may thwart the purpose of Jove, for he is far
stronger than any."
Diomed answered, "All that you have said is true; there is a grief
however which pierces me to the very heart, for Hector will talk among
the Trojans and say, 'The son of Tydeus fled before me to the ships.'
This is the vaunt he will make, and may earth then swallow me."
"Son of Tydeus," replied Nestor, "what mM
ean you? Though Hector say
that you are a coward the Trojans and Dardanians will not believe
him, nor yet the wives of the mighty warriors whom you have laid low."
So saying he turned the horses back through the thick of the battle,
and with a cry that rent the air the Trojans and Hector rained their
darts after them. Hector shouted to him and said, "Son of Tydeus,
the Danaans have done you honour hitherto as regards your place at
table, the meals they give you, and the filling of your cup with wine.
eforth they will despise you, for you are become no better than
a woman. Be off, girl and coward that you are, you shall not scale
our walls through any Hinching upon my part; neither shall you carry
off our wives in your ships, for I shall kill you with my own hand."
The son of Tydeus was in two minds whether or no to turn his horses
round again and fight him. Thrice did he doubt, and thrice did Jove
thunder from the heights of. Ida in token to the Trojans that he would
turn the battle in their favour. HeM
ctor then shouted to them and said,
"Trojans, Lycians, and Dardanians, lovers of close fighting, be men,
my friends, and fight with might and with main; I see that Jove is
minded to vouchsafe victory and great glory to myself, while he will
deal destruction upon the Danaans. Fools, for having thought of building
this weak and worthless wall. It shall not stay my fury; my horses
will spring lightly over their trench, and when I am at their ships
forget not to bring me fire that I may burn them, while I slaughM
the Argives who will be all dazed and bewildered by the smoke."
Then he cried to his horses, "Xanthus and Podargus, and you Aethon
and goodly Lampus, pay me for your keep now and for all the honey-sweet
corn with which Andromache daughter of great Eetion has fed you, and
for she has mixed wine and water for you to drink whenever you would,
before doing so even for me who am her own husband. Haste in pursuit,
that we may take the shield of Nestor, the fame of which ascends to
heaven, for it is of solidM
gold, arm-rods and all, and that we may
strip from the shoulders of Diomed. the cuirass which Vulcan made
him. Could we take these two things, the Achaeans would set sail in
their ships this self-same night."
Thus did he vaunt, but Queen Juno made high Olympus quake as she shook
with rage upon her throne. Then said she to the mighty god of Neptune,
"What now, wide ruling lord of the earthquake? Can you find no compassion
in your heart for the dying Danaans, who bring you many a welcome
e and to Aegae? Wish them well then. If all of us
who are with the Danaans were to drive the Trojans back and keep Jove
from helping them, he would have to sit there sulking alone on Ida."
King Neptune was greatly troubled and answered, "Juno, rash of tongue,
what are you talking about? We other gods must not set ourselves against
Jove, for he is far stronger than we are."
Thus did they converse; but the whole space enclosed by the ditch,
from the ships even to the wall, was filled with horses and warriM
who were pent up there by Hector son of Priam, now that the hand of
Jove was with him. He would even have set fire to the ships and burned
them, had not Queen Juno put it into the mind of Agamemnon, to bestir
himself and to encourage the Achaeans. To this end he went round the
ships and tents carrying a great purple cloak, and took his stand
by the huge black hull of Ulysses' ship, which was middlemost of all;
it was from this place that his voice would carry farthest, on the
one hand towards the tentsM
of Ajax son of Telamon, and on the other
towards those of Achilles- for these two heroes, well assured of their
own strength, had valorously drawn up their ships at the two ends
of the line. From this spot then, with a voice that could be heard
afar, he shouted to the Danaans, saying, "Argives, shame on you cowardly
creatures, brave in semblance only; where are now our vaunts that
we should prove victorious- the vaunts we made so vaingloriously in
Lemnos, when we ate the flesh of horned cattle and filled ouM
to the brim? You vowed that you would each of you stand against a
hundred or two hundred men, and now you prove no match even for one-
for Hector, who will be ere long setting our ships in a blaze. Father
Jove, did you ever so ruin a great king and rob him so utterly of
his greatness? yet, when to my sorrow I was coming hither, I never
let my ship pass your altars without offering the fat and thigh-bones
of heifers upon every one of them, so eager was I to sack the city
of Troy. Vouchsafe me M
then this prayer- suffer us to escape at any
rate with our lives, and let not the Achaeans be so utterly vanquished
Thus did he pray, and father Jove pitying his tears vouchsafed him
that his people should live, not die; forthwith he sent them an eagle,
most unfailingly portentous of all birds, with a young fawn in its
talons; the eagle dropped the fawn by the altar on which the Achaeans
sacrificed to Jove the lord of omens; When, therefore, the people
saw that the bird had come from JovM
e, they sprang more fiercely upon
the Trojans and fought more boldly.
There was no man of all the many Danaans who could then boast that
he had driven his horses over the trench and gone forth to fight sooner
than the son of Tydeus; long before any one else could do so he slew
an armed warrior of the Trojans, Agelaus the son of Phradmon. He had
turned his horses in flight, but the spear struck him in the back
midway between his shoulders and went right through his chest, and
his armour rang rattling rounM
d him as he fell forward from his chariot.
After him came Agamemnon and Menelaus, sons of Atreus, the two Ajaxes
clothed in valour as with a garment, Idomeneus and his companion in
arms Meriones, peer of murderous Mars, and Eurypylus the brave son
of Euaemon. Ninth came Teucer with his bow, and took his place under
cover of the shield of Ajax son of Telamon. When Ajax lifted his shield
Teucer would peer round, and when he had hit any one in the throng,
the man would fall dead; then Teucer would hie back toM
to its mother, and again duck down under his shield.
Which of the Trojans did brave Teucer first kill? Orsilochus, and
then Ormenus and Ophelestes, Daetor, Chromius, and godlike Lycophontes,
Amopaon son of Polyaemon, and Melanippus. these in turn did he lay
low upon the earth, and King Agamemnon was glad when he saw him making
havoc of the Trojans with his mighty bow. He went up to him and said,
"Teucer, man after my own heart, son of Telamon, captain among the
host, shoot on, and be at M
once the saving of the Danaans and the glory
of your father Telamon, who brought you up and took care of you in
his own house when you were a child, bastard though you were. Cover
him with glory though he is far off; I will promise and I will assuredly
perform; if aegis-bearing Jove and Minerva grant me to sack the city
of Ilius, you shall have the next best meed of honour after my own-
a tripod, or two horses with their chariot, or a woman who shall go
And Teucer answered, "Most nobleM
son of Atreus, you need not urge
me; from the moment we began to drive them back to Ilius, I have never
ceased so far as in me lies to look out for men whom I can shoot and
kill; I have shot eight barbed shafts, and all of them have been buried
in the flesh of warlike youths, but this mad dog I cannot hit."
As he spoke he aimed another arrow straight at Hector, for he was
bent on hitting him; nevertheless he missed him, and the arrow hit
Priam's brave son Gorgythion in the breast. His mother, fair CastianM
lovely as a goddess, had been married from Aesyme, and now he bowed
his head as a garden poppy in full bloom when it is weighed down by
showers in spring- even thus heavy bowed his head beneath the weight
Again he aimed at Hector, for he was longing to hit him, and again
his arrow missed, for Apollo turned it aside; but he hit Hector's
brave charioteer Archeptolemus in the breast, by the nipple, as he
was driving furiously into the fight. The horses swerved aside as
from the chariot, and there was no life left in him.
Hector was greatly grieved at the loss of his charioteer, but for
all his sorrow he let him lie where he fell, and bade his brother
Cebriones, who was hard by, take the reins. Cebriones did as he had
said. Hector thereon with a loud cry sprang from his chariot to the
ground, and seizing a great stone made straight for Teucer with intent
kill him. Teucer had just taken an arrow from his quiver and had laid
it upon the bow-string, but Hector struck him withM
as he was taking aim and drawing the string to his shoulder; he hit
him just where the collar-bone divides the neck from the chest, a
very deadly place, and broke the sinew of his arm so that his wrist
was less, and the bow dropped from his hand as he fell forward on
his knees. Ajax saw that his brother had fallen, and running towards
him bestrode him and sheltered him with his shield. Meanwhile his
two trusty squires, Mecisteus son of Echius, and Alastor, came up
and bore him to the shipsM
groaning in his great pain.
Jove now again put heart into the Trojans, and they drove the Achaeans
to their deep trench with Hector in all his glory at their head. As
a hound grips a wild boar or lion in flank or buttock when he gives
him chase, and watches warily for his wheeling, even so did Hector
follow close upon the Achaeans, ever killing the hindmost as they
rushed panic-stricken onwards. When they had fled through the set
stakes and trench and many Achaeans had been laid low at the hands
Trojans, they halted at their ships, calling upon one another
and praying every man instantly as they lifted up their hands to the
gods; but Hector wheeled his horses this way and that, his eyes glaring
like those of Gorgo or murderous Mars.
Juno when she saw them had pity upon them, and at once said to Minerva,
"Alas, child of aegis-bearing Jove, shall you and I take no more thought
for the dying Danaans, though it be the last time we ever do so? See
how they perish and come to a bad end before the onsetM
man. Hector the son of Priam rages with intolerable fury, and has
already done great mischief."
Minerva answered, "Would, indeed, this fellow might die in his own
land, and fall by the hands of the Achaeans; but my father Jove is
mad with spleen, ever foiling me, ever headstrong and unjust. He forgets
how often I saved his son when he was worn out by the labours Eurystheus
had laid on him. He would weep till his cry came up to heaven, and
then Jove would send me down to help him; if I haM
foresee all this, when Eurystheus sent him to the house of Hades,
to fetch the hell-hound from Erebus, he would never have come back
alive out of the deep waters of the river Styx. And now Jove hates
me, while he lets Thetis have her way because she kissed his knees
and took hold of his beard, when she was begging him to do honour
to Achilles. I shall know what to do next time he begins calling me
his grey-eyed darling. Get our horses ready, while I go within the
house of aegis-bearing JoM
ve and put on my armour; we shall then find
out whether Priam's son Hector will be glad to meet us in the highways
of battle, or whether the Trojans will glut hounds and vultures with
the fat of their flesh as they he dead by the ships of the Achaeans."
Thus did she speak and white-armed Juno, daughter of great Saturn,
obeyed her words; she set about harnessing her gold-bedizened steeds,
while Minerva daughter of aegis-bearing Jove flung her richly vesture,
made with her own hands, on to the threshold of hM
er father, and donned
the shirt of Jove, arming herself for battle. Then she stepped into
her flaming chariot, and grasped the spear so stout and sturdy and
strong with which she quells the ranks of heroes who have displeased
her. Juno lashed her horses, and the gates of heaven bellowed as they
flew open of their own accord- gates over which the Hours preside,
in whose hands are heaven and Olympus, either to open the dense cloud
that hides them or to close it. Through these the goddesses drove
But father Jove when he saw them from Ida was very angry, and sent
winged Iris with a message to them. "Go," said he, "fleet Iris, turn
them back, and see that they do not come near me, for if we come to
fighting there will be mischief. This is what I say, and this is what
I mean to do. I will lame their horses for them; I will hurl them
from their chariot, and will break it in pieces. It will take them
all ten years to heal the wounds my lightning shall inflict upon them;
my grey-eyed daughterM
will then learn what quarrelling with her father
means. I am less surprised and angry with Juno, for whatever I say
she always contradicts me."
With this Iris went her way, fleet as the wind, from the heights of
Ida to the lofty summits of Olympus. She met the goddesses at the
outer gates of its many valleys and gave them her message. "What,"
said she, "are you about? Are you mad? The son of Saturn forbids going.
This is what he says, and this is he means to do, he will lame your
horses for you, he willM
hurl you from your chariot, and will break
it in pieces. It will take you all ten years to heal the wounds his
lightning will inflict upon you, that you may learn, grey-eyed goddess,
what quarrelling with your father means. He is less hurt and angry
with Juno, for whatever he says she always contradicts him but you,
bold bold hussy, will you really dare to raise your huge spear in
With this she left them, and Juno said to Minerva, "Of a truth, child
of aegis-bearing Jove, I am not forM
fighting men's battles further
in defiance of Jove. Let them live or die as luck will have it, and
let Jove mete out his judgements upon the Trojans and Danaans according
to his own pleasure."
She turned her steeds; the Hours presently unyoked them, made them
fast to their ambrosial mangers, and leaned the chariot against the
end wall of the courtyard. The two goddesses then sat down upon their
golden thrones, amid the company of the other gods; but they were
Presently father Jove drove M
his chariot to Olympus, and entered the
assembly of gods. The mighty lord of the earthquake unyoked his horses
for him, set the car upon its stand, and threw a cloth over it. Jove
then sat down upon his golden throne and Olympus reeled beneath him.
Minerva and Juno sat alone, apart from Jove, and neither spoke nor
asked him questions, but Jove knew what they meant, and said, "Minerva
and Juno, why are you so angry? Are you fatigued with killing so many
of your dear friends the Trojans? Be this as it may, sucM
of my hands that all the gods in Olympus cannot turn me; you were
both of you trembling all over ere ever you saw the fight and its
terrible doings. I tell you therefore-and it would have surely been-
I should have struck you with lighting, and your chariots would never
have brought you back again to Olympus."
Minerva and Juno groaned in spirit as they sat side by side and brooded
mischief for the Trojans. Minerva sat silent without a word, for she
was in a furious passion and bitterly incM
ensed against her father;
but Juno could not contain herself and said, "What, dread son of Saturn,
are you talking about? We know how great your power is, nevertheless
we have compassion upon the Danaan warriors who are perishing and
coming to a bad end. We will, however, since you so bid us, refrain
from actual fighting, but we will make serviceable suggestions to
the Argives, that they may not all of them perish in your displeasure."
And Jove answered, "To-morrow morning, Juno, if you choose to do so,
ou will see the son of Saturn destroying large numbers of the Argives,
for fierce Hector shall not cease fighting till he has roused the
son of Peleus when they are fighting in dire straits at their ships'
sterns about the body of Patroclus. Like it or no, this is how it
is decreed; for aught I care, you may go to the lowest depths beneath
earth and sea, where Iapetus and Saturn dwell in lone Tartarus with
neither ray of light nor breath of wind to cheer them. You may go
on and on till you get there, and I sM
hall not care one whit for your
displeasure; you are the greatest vixen living."
Juno made him no answer. The sun's glorious orb now sank into Oceanus
and drew down night over the land. Sorry indeed were the Trojans when
light failed them, but welcome and thrice prayed for did darkness
fall upon the Achaeans.
Then Hector led the Trojans back from the ships, and held a council
on the open space near the river, where there was a spot ear corpses.
They left their chariots and sat down on the ground to heM
he made them. He grasped a spear eleven cubits long, the bronze point
of which gleamed in front of it, while the ring round the spear-head
was of gold Spear in hand he spoke. "Hear me," said he, "Trojans,
Dardanians, and allies. I deemed but now that I should destroy the
ships and all the Achaeans with them ere I went back to Ilius, but
darkness came on too soon. It was this alone that saved them and their
ships upon the seashore. Now, therefore, let us obey the behests of
night, and prepare oM
ur suppers. Take your horses out of their chariots
and give them their feeds of corn; then make speed to bring sheep
and cattle from the city; bring wine also and corn for your horses
and gather much wood, that from dark till dawn we may burn watchfires
whose flare may reach to heaven. For the Achaeans may try to fly beyond
the sea by night, and they must not embark scatheless and unmolested;
many a man among them must take a dart with him to nurse at home,
hit with spear or arrow as he is leaping on board hM
is ship, that others
may fear to bring war and weeping upon the Trojans. Moreover let the
heralds tell it about the city that the growing youths and grey-bearded
men are to camp upon its heaven-built walls. Let the women each of
them light a great fire in her house, and let watch be safely kept
lest the town be entered by surprise while the host is outside. See
to it, brave Trojans, as I have said, and let this suffice for the
moment; at daybreak I will instruct you further. I pray in hope to
e gods that we may then drive those fate-sped hounds
from our land, for 'tis the fates that have borne them and their ships
hither. This night, therefore, let us keep watch, but with early morning
let us put on our armour and rouse fierce war at the ships of the
Achaeans; I shall then know whether brave Diomed the son of Tydeus
will drive me back from the ships to the wall, or whether I shall
myself slay him and carry off his bloodstained spoils. To-morrow let
him show his mettle, abide my spear if he dare. M
I ween that at break
of day, he shall be among the first to fall and many another of his
comrades round him. Would that I were as sure of being immortal and
never growing old, and of being worshipped like Minerva and Apollo,
as I am that this day will bring evil to the Argives."
Thus spoke Hector and the Trojans shouted applause. They took their
sweating steeds from under the yoke, and made them fast each by his
own chariot. They made haste to bring sheep and cattle from the city,
they brought wine also M
and corn from their houses and gathered much
wood. They then offered unblemished hecatombs to the immortals, and
the wind carried the sweet savour of sacrifice to heaven- but the
blessed gods partook not thereof, for they bitterly hated Ilius with
Priam and Priam's people. Thus high in hope they sat through the livelong
night by the highways of war, and many a watchfire did they kindle.
As when the stars shine clear, and the moon is bright- there is not
a breath of air, not a peak nor glade nor jutting headlM
stands out in the ineffable radiance that breaks from the serene of
heaven; the stars can all of them be told and the heart of the shepherd
is glad- even thus shone the watchfires of the Trojans before Ilius
midway between the ships and the river Xanthus. A thousand camp-fires
gleamed upon the plain, and in the glow of each there sat fifty men,
while the horses, champing oats and corn beside their chariots, waited
till dawn should come.
---------------------------------------------------------M
Thus did the Trojans watch. But Panic, comrade of blood-stained Rout,
had taken fast hold of the Achaeans and their princes were all of
them in despair. As when the two winds that blow from Thrace- the
north and the northwest- spring up of a sudden and rouse the fury
of the main- in a moment the dark waves uprear their heads and scatter
their sea-wrack in all directions- even thus troubled were the hearts
The son of Atreus in dismay bade the heralds call the peM
council man by man, but not to cry the matter aloud; he made haste
also himself to call them, and they sat sorry at heart in their assembly.
Agamemnon shed tears as it were a running stream or cataract on the
side of some sheer cliff; and thus, with many a heavy sigh he spoke
to the Achaeans. "My friends," said he, "princes and councillors of
the Argives, the hand of heaven has been laid heavily upon me. Cruel
Jove gave me his solemn promise that I should sack the city of Troy
before returning, buM
t he has played me false, and is now bidding me
go ingloriously back to Argos with the loss of much people. Such is
the will of Jove, who has laid many a proud city in the dust as he
will yet lay others, for his power is above all. Now, therefore, let
us all do as I say and sail back to our own country, for we shall
Thus he spoke, and the sons of the Achaeans for a long while sat sorrowful
there, but they all held their peace, till at last Diomed of the loud
battle-cry made answer saying,M
"Son of Atreus, I will chide your folly,
as is my right in council. Be not then aggrieved that I should do
so. In the first place you attacked me before all the Danaans and
said that I was a coward and no soldier. The Argives young and old
know that you did so. But the son of scheming Saturn endowed you by
halves only. He gave you honour as the chief ruler over us, but valour,
which is the highest both right and might he did not give you. Sir,
think you that the sons of the Achaeans are indeed as unwarlike M
cowardly as you say they are? If your own mind is set upon going home-
go- the way is open to you; the many ships that followed you from
Mycene stand ranged upon the seashore; but the rest of us stay here
till we have sacked Troy. Nay though these too should turn homeward
with their ships, Sthenelus and myself will still fight on till we
reach the goal of Ilius, for for heaven was with us when we came."
The sons of the Achaeans shouted applause at the words of Diomed,
and presently Nestor rose to speaM
k. "Son of Tydeus," said he, "in
war your prowess is beyond question, and in council you excel all
who are of your own years; no one of the Achaeans can make light of
what you say nor gainsay it, but you have not yet come to the end
of the whole matter. You are still young- you might be the youngest
of my own children- still you have spoken wisely and have counselled
the chief of the Achaeans not without discretion; nevertheless I am
older than you and I will tell you every" thing; therefore let no
even King Agamemnon, disregard my saying, for he that foments
civil discord is a clanless, hearthless outlaw.
"Now, however, let us obey the behests of night and get our suppers,
but let the sentinels every man of them camp by the trench that is
without the wall. I am giving these instructions to the young men;
when they have been attended to, do you, son of Atreus, give your
orders, for you are the most royal among us all. Prepare a feast for
your councillors; it is right and reasonable that you should M
there is abundance of wine in your tents, which the ships of the Achaeans
bring from Thrace daily. You have everything at your disposal wherewith
to entertain guests, and you have many subjects. When many are got
together, you can be guided by him whose counsel is wisest- and sorely
do we need shrewd and prudent counsel, for the foe has lit his watchfires
hard by our ships. Who can be other than dismayed? This night will
either be the ruin of our host, or save it."
Thus did he speak, and they did M
even as he had said. The sentinels
went out in their armour under command of Nestor's son Thrasymedes,
a captain of the host, and of the bold warriors Ascalaphus and Ialmenus:
there were also Meriones, Aphareus and Deipyrus, and the son of Creion,
noble Lycomedes. There were seven captains of the sentinels, and with
each there went a hundred youths armed with long spears: they took
their places midway between the trench and the wall, and when they
had done so they lit their fires and got every man his supperM
The son of Atreus then bade many councillors of the Achaeans to his
quarters prepared a great feast in their honour. They laid their hands
on the good things that were before them, and as soon as they had
enough to eat and drink, old Nestor, whose counsel was ever truest,
was the first to lay his mind before them. He, therefore, with all
sincerity and goodwill addressed them thus.
"With yourself, most noble son of Atreus, king of men, Agamemnon,
will I both begin my speech and end it, for you are kinM
people. Jove, moreover, has vouchsafed you to wield the sceptre and
to uphold righteousness, that you may take thought for your people
under you; therefore it behooves you above all others both to speak
and to give ear, and to out the counsel of another who shall have
been minded to speak wisely. All turns on you and on your commands,
therefore I will say what I think will be best. No man will be of
a truer mind than that which has been mine from the hour when you,
sir, angered Achilles by takinM
g the girl Briseis from his tent against
my judgment. I urged you not to do so, but you yielded to your own
pride, and dishonoured a hero whom heaven itself had honoured- for
you still hold the prize that had been awarded to him. Now, however,
let us think how we may appease him, both with presents and fair speeches
that may conciliate him."
And King Agamemnon answered, "Sir, you have reproved my folly justly.
I was wrong. I own it. One whom heaven befriends is in himself a host,
and Jove has shown that M
he befriends this man by destroying much people
of the Achaeans. I was blinded with passion and yielded to my worser
mind; therefore I will make amends, and will give him great gifts
by way of atonement. I will tell them in the presence of you all.
I will give him seven tripods that have never yet been on the fire,
and ten talents of gold. I will give him twenty iron cauldrons and
twelve strong horses that have won races and carried off prizes. Rich,
indeed, both in land and gold is he that has as many prizeM
horses have won me. I will give him seven excellent workwomen, Lesbians,
whom I chose for myself when he took Lesbos- all of surpassing beauty.
I will give him these, and with them her whom I erewhile took from
him, the daughter of Briseus; and I swear a great oath that I never
went up into her couch, nor have been with her after the manner of
"All these things will I give him now down, and if hereafter the gods
vouchsafe me to sack the city of Priam, let him come when we Achaeans
are dividing the spoil, and load his ship with gold and bronze to
his liking; furthermore let him take twenty Trojan women, the loveliest
after Helen herself. Then, when we reach Achaean Argos, wealthiest
of all lands, he shall be my son-in-law and I will show him like honour
with my own dear son Orestes, who is being nurtured in all abundance.
I have three daughters, Chrysothemis, Laodice, and lphianassa, let
him take the one of his choice, freely and without gifts of wooing,
to the house of Peleus; I willM
add such dower to boot as no man ever
yet gave his daughter, and will give him seven well established cities,
Cardamyle, Enope, and Hire, where there is grass; holy Pherae and
the rich meadows of Anthea; Aepea also, and the vine-clad slopes of
Pedasus, all near the sea, and on the borders of sandy Pylos. The
men that dwell there are rich in cattle and sheep; they will honour
him with gifts as though he were a god, and be obedient to his comfortable
ordinances. All this will I do if he will now forgo his angM
him then yieldit is only Hades who is utterly ruthless and unyielding-
and hence he is of all gods the one most hateful to mankind. Moreover
I am older and more royal than himself. Therefore, let him now obey
Then Nestor answered, "Most noble son of Atreus, king of men, Agamemnon.
The gifts you offer are no small ones, let us then send chosen messengers,
who may go to the tent of Achilles son of Peleus without delay. Let
those go whom I shall name. Let Phoenix, dear to Jove, lead the way;
et Ajax and Ulysses follow, and let the heralds Odius and Eurybates
go with them. Now bring water for our hands, and bid all keep silence
while we pray to Jove the son of Saturn, if so be that he may have
Thus did he speak, and his saying pleased them well. Men-servants
poured water over the hands of the guests, while pages filled the
mixing-bowls with wine and water, and handed it round after giving
every man his drink-offering; then, when they had made their offerings,
h as much as he was minded, the envoys set out from
the tent of Agamemnon son of Atreus; and Nestor, looking first to
one and then to another, but most especially at Ulysses, was instant
with them that they should prevail with the noble son of Peleus.
They went their way by the shore of the sounding sea, and prayed earnestly
to earth-encircling Neptune that the high spirit of the son of Aeacus
might incline favourably towards them. When they reached the ships
and tents of the Myrmidons, they found AchillesM
fair, of cunning workmanship, and its cross-bar was of silver. It
was part of the spoils which he had taken when he sacked the city
of Eetion, and he was now diverting himself with it and singing the
feats of heroes. He was alone with Patroclus, who sat opposite to
him and said nothing, waiting till he should cease singing. Ulysses
and Ajax now came in- Ulysses leading the way -and stood before him.
Achilles sprang from his seat with the lyre still in his hand, and
Patroclus, when he sawM
the strangers, rose also. Achilles then greeted
them saying, "All hail and welcome- you must come upon some great
matter, you, who for all my anger are still dearest to me of the Achaeans."
With this he led them forward, and bade them sit on seats covered
with purple rugs; then he said to Patroclus who was close by him,
"Son of Menoetius, set a larger bowl upon the table, mix less water
with the wine, and give every man his cup, for these are very dear
friends, who are now under my roof."
d as his comrade bade him; he set the chopping-block in
front of the fire, and on it he laid the loin of a sheep, the loin
also of a goat, and the chine of a fat hog. Automedon held the meat
while Achilles chopped it; he then sliced the pieces and put them
on spits while the son of Menoetius made the fire burn high. When
the flame had died down, he spread the embers, laid the spits on top
of them, lifting them up and setting them upon the spit-racks; and
he sprinkled them with salt. When the meat was roastedM
on platters, and handed bread round the table in fair baskets, while
Achilles dealt them their portions. Then Achilles took his seat facing
Ulysses against the opposite wall, and bade his comrade Patroclus
offer sacrifice to the gods; so he cast the offerings into the fire,
and they laid their hands upon the good things that were before them.
As soon as they had had enough to eat and drink, Ajax made a sign
to Phoenix, and when he saw this, Ulysses filled his cup with wine
and pledged Achilles. M
"Hail," said he, "Achilles, we have had no scant of good cheer, neither
in the tent of Agamemnon, nor yet here; there has been plenty to eat
and drink, but our thought turns upon no such matter. Sir, we are
in the face of great disaster, and without your help know not whether
we shall save our fleet or lose it. The Trojans and their allies have
camped hard by our ships and by the wall; they have lit watchfires
throughout their host and deem that nothing can now prevent them from
falling on our fleet. JovM
e, moreover, has sent his lightnings on their
right; Hector, in all his glory, rages like a maniac; confident that
Jove is with him he fears neither god nor man, but is gone raving
mad, and prays for the approach of day. He vows that he will hew the
high sterns of our ships in pieces, set fire to their hulls, and make
havoc of the Achaeans while they are dazed and smothered in smoke;
I much fear that heaven will make good his boasting, and it will prove
our lot to perish at Troy far from our home in Argos. UM
late though it be, save the sons of the Achaeans who faint before
the fury of the Trojans. You will repent bitterly hereafter if you
do not, for when the harm is done there will be no curing it; consider
ere it be too late, and save the Danaans from destruction.
"My good friend, when your father Peleus sent you from Phthia to Agamemnon,
did he not charge you saying, 'Son, Minerva and Juno will make you
strong if they choose, but check your high temper, for the better
part is in goodwill. EschM
ew vain quarrelling, and the Achaeans old
and young will respect you more for doing so.' These were his words,
but you have forgotten them. Even now, however, be appeased, and put
away your anger from you. Agamemnon will make you great amends if
you will forgive him; listen, and I will tell you what he has said
in his tent that he will give you. He will give you seven tripods
that have never yet been on the fire, and ten talents of gold; twenty
iron cauldrons, and twelve strong horses that have won races andM
off prizes. Rich indeed both in land and gold is he who has as many
prizes as these horses have won for Agamemnon. Moreover he will give
you seven excellent workwomen, Lesbians, whom he chose for himself,
when you took Lesbos- all of surpassing beauty. He will give you these,
and with them her whom he erewhile took from you, the daughter of
Briseus, and he will swear a great oath, he has never gone up into
her couch nor been with her after the manner of men and women. All
these things will he give M
you now down, and if hereafter the gods
vouchsafe him to sack the city of Priam, you can come when we Achaeans
are dividing the spoil, and load your ship with gold and bronze to
your liking. You can take twenty Trojan women, the loveliest after
Helen herself. Then, when we reach Achaean Argos, wealthiest of all
lands, you shall be his son-in-law, and he will show you like honour
with his own dear son Orestes, who is being nurtured in all abundance.
Agamemnon has three daughters, Chrysothemis, Laodice, and IpM
you may take the one of your choice, freely and without gifts of wooing,
to the house of Peleus; he will add such dower to boot as no man ever
yet gave his daughter, and will give you seven well-established cities,
Cardamyle, Enope, and Hire where there is grass; holy Pheras and the
rich meadows of Anthea; Aepea also, and the vine-clad slopes of Pedasus,
all near the sea, and on the borders of sandy Pylos. The men that
dwell there are rich in cattle and sheep; they will honour you with
ough were a god, and be obedient to your comfortable ordinances.
All this will he do if you will now forgo your anger. Moreover, though
you hate both him and his gifts with all your heart, yet pity the
rest of the Achaeans who are being harassed in all their host; they
will honour you as a god, and you will earn great glory at their hands.
You might even kill Hector; he will come within your reach, for he
is infatuated, and declares that not a Danaan whom the ships have
brought can hold his own against him."M
Achilles answered, "Ulysses, noble son of Laertes, I should give you
formal notice plainly and in all fixity of purpose that there be no
more of this cajoling, from whatsoever quarter it may come. Him do
I hate even as the gates of hell who says one thing while he hides
another in his heart; therefore I will say what I mean. I will be
appeased neither by Agamemnon son of Atreus nor by any other of the
Danaans, for I see that I have no thanks for all my fighting. He that
fights fares no better than he thM
at does not; coward and hero are
held in equal honour, and death deals like measure to him who works
and him who is idle. I have taken nothing by all my hardships- with
my life ever in my hand; as a bird when she has found a morsel takes
it to her nestlings, and herself fares hardly, even so man a long
night have I been wakeful, and many a bloody battle have I waged by
day against those who were fighting for their women. With my ships
I have taken twelve cities, and eleven round about Troy have I stormed
th my men by land; I took great store of wealth from every one of
them, but I gave all up to Agamemnon son of Atreus. He stayed where
he was by his ships, yet of what came to him he gave little, and kept
"Nevertheless he did distribute some meeds of honour among the chieftains
and kings, and these have them still; from me alone of the Achaeans
did he take the woman in whom I delighted- let him keep her and sleep
with her. Why, pray, must the Argives needs fight the Trojans? What
n of Atreus gather the host and bring them? Was it not
for the sake of Helen? Are the sons of Atreus the only men in the
world who love their wives? Any man of common right feeling will love
and cherish her who is his own, as I this woman, with my whole heart,
though she was but a fruitling of my spear. Agamemnon has taken her
from me; he has played me false; I know him; let him tempt me no further,
for he shall not move me. Let him look to you, Ulysses, and to the
other princes to save his ships from burninM
g. He has done much without
me already. He has built a wall; he has dug a trench deep and wide
all round it, and he has planted it within with stakes; but even so
he stays not the murderous might of Hector. So long as I fought the
Achaeans Hector suffered not the battle range far from the city walls;
he would come to the Scaean gates and to the oak tree, but no further.
Once he stayed to meet me and hardly did he escape my onset: now,
however, since I am in no mood to fight him, I will to-morrow offer
fice to Jove and to all the gods; I will draw my ships into the
water and then victual them duly; to-morrow morning, if you care to
look, you will see my ships on the Hellespont, and my men rowing out
to sea with might and main. If great Neptune vouchsafes me a fair
passage, in three days I shall be in Phthia. I have much there that
I left behind me when I came here to my sorrow, and I shall bring
back still further store of gold, of red copper, of fair women, and
of iron, my share of the spoils that we haveM
taken; but one prize,
he who gave has insolently taken away. Tell him all as I now bid you,
and tell him in public that the Achaeans may hate him and beware of
him should he think that he can yet dupe others for his effrontery
"As for me, hound that he is, he dares not look me in the face. I
will take no counsel with him, and will undertake nothing in common
with him. He has wronged me and deceived me enough, he shall not cozen
me further; let him go his own way, for Jove has robbed himM
reason. I loathe his presents, and for himself care not one straw.
He may offer me ten or even twenty times what he has now done, nay-
not though it be all that he has in the world, both now or ever shall
have; he may promise me the wealth of Orchomenus or of Egyptian Thebes,
which is the richest city in the whole world, for it has a hundred
gates through each of which two hundred men may drive at once with
their chariots and horses; he may offer me gifts as the sands of the
sea or the dust of the pM
lain in multitude, but even so he shall not
move me till I have been revenged in full for the bitter wrong he
has done me. I will not marry his daughter; she may be fair as Venus,
and skilful as Minerva, but I will have none of her: let another take
her, who may be a good match for her and who rules a larger kingdom.
If the gods spare me to return home, Peleus will find me a wife; there
are Achaean women in Hellas and Phthia, daughters of kings that have
cities under them; of these I can take whom I will andM
Many a time was I minded when at home in Phthia to woo and wed a woman
who would make me a suitable wife, and to enjoy the riches of my old
father Peleus. My life is more to me than all the wealth of Ilius
while it was yet at peace before the Achaeans went there, or than
all the treasure that lies on the stone floor of Apollo's temple beneath
the cliffs of Pytho. Cattle and sheep are to be had for harrying,
and a man buy both tripods and horses if he wants them, but when his
life has once left hM
im it can neither be bought nor harried back again.
"My mother Thetis tells me that there are two ways in which I may
meet my end. If I stay here and fight, I shall not return alive but
my name will live for ever: whereas if I go home my name will die,
but it will be long ere death shall take me. To the rest of you, then,
I say, 'Go home, for you will not take Ilius.' Jove has held his hand
over her to protect her, and her people have taken heart. Go, therefore,
as in duty bound, and tell the princes of thM
e Achaeans the message
that I have sent them; tell them to find some other plan for the saving
of their ships and people, for so long as my displeasure lasts the
one that they have now hit upon may not be. As for Phoenix, let him
sleep here that he may sail with me in the morning if he so will.
But I will not take him by force."
They all held their peace, dismayed at the sternness with which he
had denied them, till presently the old knight Phoenix in his great
fear for the ships of the Achaeans, burst iM
nto tears and said, "Noble
Achilles, if you are now minded to return, and in the fierceness of
your anger will do nothing to save the ships from burning, how, my
son, can I remain here without you? Your father Peleus bade me go
with you when he sent you as a mere lad from Phthia to Agamemnon.
You knew nothing neither of war nor of the arts whereby men make their
mark in council, and he sent me with you to train you in all excellence
of speech and action. Therefore, my son, I will not stay here without
no, not though heaven itself vouchsafe to strip my years from
off me, and make me young as I was when I first left Hellas the land
of fair women. I was then flying the anger of father Amyntor, son
of Ormenus, who was furious with me in the matter of his concubine,
of whom he was enamoured to the wronging of his wife my mother. My
mother, therefore, prayed me without ceasing to lie with the woman
myself, that so she hate my father, and in the course of time I yielded.
But my father soon came to know, and cursM
ed me bitterly, calling the
dread Erinyes to witness. He prayed that no son of mine might ever
sit upon knees- and the gods, Jove of the world below and awful Proserpine,
fulfilled his curse. I took counsel to kill him, but some god stayed
my rashness and bade me think on men's evil tongues and how I should
be branded as the murderer of my father: nevertheless I could not
bear to stay in my father's house with him so bitter a against me.
My cousins and clansmen came about me, and pressed me sorely to remain;M
many a sheep and many an ox did they slaughter, and many a fat hog
did they set down to roast before the fire; many a jar, too, did they
broach of my father's wine. Nine whole nights did they set a guard
over me taking it in turns to watch, and they kept a fire always burning,
both in the cloister of the outer court and in the inner court at
the doors of the room wherein I lay; but when the darkness of the
tenth night came, I broke through the closed doors of my room, and
climbed the wall of the outer courM
t after passing quickly and unperceived
through the men on guard and the women servants. I then fled through
Hellas till I came to fertile Phthia, mother of sheep, and to King
Peleus, who made me welcome and treated me as a father treats an only
son who will be heir to all his wealth. He made me rich and set me
over much people, establishing me on the borders of Phthia where I
was chief ruler over the Dolopians.
"It was I, Achilles, who had the making of you; I loved you with all
my heart: for you would M
eat neither at home nor when you had gone
out elsewhere, till I had first set you upon my knees, cut up the
dainty morsel that you were to eat, and held the wine-cup to your
lips. Many a time have you slobbered your wine in baby helplessness
over my shirt; I had infinite trouble with you, but I knew that heaven
had vouchsafed me no offspring of my own, and I made a son of you,
Achilles, that in my hour of need you might protect me. Now, therefore,
I say battle with your pride and beat it; cherish not your anM
ever; the might and majesty of heaven are more than ours, but even
heaven may be appeased; and if a man has sinned he prays the gods,
and reconciles them to himself by his piteous cries and by frankincense,
with drink-offerings and the savour of burnt sacrifice. For prayers
are as daughters to great Jove; halt, wrinkled, with eyes askance,
they follow in the footsteps of sin, who, being fierce and fleet of
foot, leaves them far behind him, and ever baneful to mankind outstrips
them even to the ends M
of the world; but nevertheless the prayers come
hobbling and healing after. If a man has pity upon these daughters
of Jove when they draw near him, they will bless him and hear him
too when he is praying; but if he deny them and will not listen to
them, they go to Jove the son of Saturn and pray that he may presently
fall into sin- to his ruing bitterly hereafter. Therefore, Achilles,
give these daughters of Jove due reverence, and bow before them as
all good men will bow. Were not the son of Atreus offeringM
and promising others later- if he were still furious and implacable-
I am not he that would bid you throw off your anger and help the Achaeans,
no matter how great their need; but he is giving much now, and more
hereafter; he has sent his captains to urge his suit, and has chosen
those who of all the Argives are most acceptable to you; make not
then their words and their coming to be of none effect. Your anger
has been righteous so far. We have heard in song how heroes of old
time quarrelled whenM
they were roused to fury, but still they could
be won by gifts, and fair words could soothe them.
"I have an old story in my mind- a very old one- but you are all friends
and I will tell it. The Curetes and the Aetolians were fighting and
killing one another round Calydon- the Aetolians defending the city
and the Curetes trying to destroy it. For Diana of the golden throne
was angry and did them hurt because Oeneus had not offered her his
harvest first-fruits. The other gods had all been feasted with hecM
but to the daughter of great Jove alone he had made no sacrifice.
He had forgotten her, or somehow or other it had escaped him, and
this was a grievous sin. Thereon the archer goddess in her displeasure
sent a prodigious creature against him- a savage wild boar with great
white tusks that did much harm to his orchard lands, uprooting apple-trees
in full bloom and throwing them to the ground. But Meleager son of
Oeneus got huntsmen and hounds from many cities and killed it- for
it was so monstrous thM
at not a few were needed, and many a man did
it stretch upon his funeral pyre. On this the goddess set the Curetes
and the Aetolians fighting furiously about the head and skin of the
"So long as Meleager was in the field things went badly with the Curetes,
and for all their numbers they could not hold their ground under the
city walls; but in the course of time Meleager was angered as even
a wise man will sometimes be. He was incensed with his mother Althaea,
and therefore stayed at home with his wM
edded wife fair Cleopatra,
who was daughter of Marpessa daughter of Euenus, and of Ides the man
then living. He it was who took his bow and faced King Apollo himself
for fair Marpessa's sake; her father and mother then named her Alcyone,
because her mother had mourned with the plaintive strains of the halcyon-bird
when Phoebus Apollo had carried her off. Meleager, then, stayed at
home with Cleopatra, nursing the anger which he felt by reason of
his mother's curses. His mother, grieving for the death of her bM
prayed the gods, and beat the earth with her hands, calling upon Hades
and on awful Proserpine; she went down upon her knees and her bosom
was wet with tears as she prayed that they would kill her son- and
Erinys that walks in darkness and knows no ruth heard her from Erebus.
"Then was heard the din of battle about the gates of Calydon, and
the dull thump of the battering against their walls. Thereon the elders
of the Aetolians besought Meleager; they sent the chiefest of their
priests, and beggedM
him to come out and help them, promising him a
great reward. They bade him choose fifty plough-gates, the most fertile
in the plain of Calydon, the one-half vineyard and the other open
plough-land. The old warrior Oeneus implored him, standing at the
threshold of his room and beating the doors in supplication. His sisters
and his mother herself besought him sore, but he the more refused
them; those of his comrades who were nearest and dearest to him also
prayed him, but they could not move him till the foe M
at the very doors of his chamber, and the Curetes had scaled the walls
and were setting fire to the city. Then at last his sorrowing wife
detailed the horrors that befall those whose city is taken; she reminded
him how the men are slain, and the city is given over to the flames,
while the women and children are carried into captivity; when he heard
all this, his heart was touched, and he donned his armour to go forth.
Thus of his own inward motion he saved the city of the Aetolians;
ow gave him nothing of those rich rewards that they had
offered earlier, and though he saved the city he took nothing by it.
Be not then, my son, thus minded; let not heaven lure you into any
such course. When the ships are burning it will be a harder matter
to save them. Take the gifts, and go, for the Achaeans will then honour
you as a god; whereas if you fight without taking them, you may beat
the battle back, but you will not be held in like honour."
And Achilles answered, "Phoenix, old friend and fathM
need of such honour. I have honour from Jove himself, which will abide
with me at my ships while I have breath in my body, and my limbs are
strong. I say further- and lay my saying to your heart- vex me no
more with this weeping and lamentation, all in the cause of the son
of Atreus. Love him so well, and you may lose the love I bear you.
You ought to help me rather in troubling those that trouble me; be
king as much as I am, and share like honour with myself; the others
shall take my answer; M
stay here yourself and sleep comfortably in
your bed; at daybreak we will consider whether to remain or go."
On this she nodded quietly to Patroclus as a sign that he was to prepare
a bed for Phoenix, and that the others should take their leave. Ajax
son of Telamon then said, "Ulysses, noble son of Laertes, let us be
gone, for I see that our journey is vain. We must now take our answer,
unwelcome though it be, to the Danaans who are waiting to receive
it. Achilles is savage and remorseless; he is cruel, anM
for the love his comrades lavished upon him more than on all the others.
He is implacable- and yet if a man's brother or son has been slain
he will accept a fine by way of amends from him that killed him, and
the wrong-doer having paid in full remains in peace among his own
people; but as for you, Achilles, the gods have put a wicked unforgiving
spirit in your heart, and this, all about one single girl, whereas
we now offer you the seven best we have, and much else into the bargain.
of a more gracious mind, respect the hospitality of your own
roof. We are with you as messengers from the host of the Danaans,
and would fain he held nearest and dearest to yourself of all the
"Ajax," replied Achilles, "noble son of Telamon, you have spoken much
to my liking, but my blood boils when I think it all over, and remember
how the son of Atreus treated me with contumely as though I were some
vile tramp, and that too in the presence of the Argives. Go, then,
and deliver your message; M
say that I will have no concern with fighting
till Hector, son of noble Priam, reaches the tents of the Myrmidons
in his murderous course, and flings fire upon their ships. For all
his lust of battle, I take it he will be held in check when he is
at my own tent and ship."
On this they took every man his double cup, made their drink-offerings,
and went back to the ships, Ulysses leading the way. But Patroclus
told his men and the maid-servants to make ready a comfortable bed
for Phoenix; they therefore diM
d so with sheepskins, a rug, and a sheet
of fine linen. The old man then laid himself down and waited till
morning came. But Achilles slept in an inner room, and beside him
the daughter of Phorbas lovely Diomede, whom he had carried off from
Lesbos. Patroclus lay on the other side of the room, and with him
fair Iphis whom Achilles had given him when he took Scyros the city
When the envoys reached the tents of the son of Atreus, the Achaeans
rose, pledged them in cups of gold, and began to quesM
Agamemnon was the first to do so. Tell me, Ulysses," said he, "will
he save the ships from burning, or did be refuse, and is he still
Ulysses answered, "Most noble son of Atreus, king of men, Agamemnon,
Achilles will not be calmed, but is more fiercely angry than ever,
and spurns both you and your gifts. He bids you take counsel with
the Achaeans to save the ships and host as you best may; as for himself,
he said that at daybreak he should draw his ships into the water.
further that he should advise every one to sail home likewise,
for that you will not reach the goal of Ilius. 'Jove,' he said, 'has
laid his hand over the city to protect it, and the people have taken
heart.' This is what he said, and the others who were with me can
tell you the same story- Ajax and the two heralds, men, both of them,
who may be trusted. The old man Phoenix stayed where he was to sleep,
for so Achilles would have it, that he might go home with him in the
morning if he so would; but he will M
not take him by force."
They all held their peace, sitting for a long time silent and dejected,
by reason of the sternness with which Achilles had refused them, till
presently Diomed said, "Most noble son of Atreus, king of men, Agamemnon,
you ought not to have sued the son of Peleus nor offered him gifts.
He is proud enough as it is, and you have encouraged him in his pride
am further. Let him stay or go as he will. He will fight later when
he is in the humour, and heaven puts it in his mind to do so. NowM
therefore, let us all do as I say; we have eaten and drunk our fill,
let us then take our rest, for in rest there is both strength and
stay. But when fair rosy-fingered morn appears, forthwith bring out
your host and your horsemen in front of the ships, urging them on,
and yourself fighting among the foremost."
Thus he spoke, and the other chieftains approved his words. They then
made their drink-offerings and went every man to his own tent, where
they laid down to rest and enjoyed the boon of sleep.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Now the other princes of the Achaeans slept soundly the whole night
through, but Agamemnon son of Atreus was troubled, so that he could
get no rest. As when fair Juno's lord flashes his lightning in token
of great rain or hail or snow when the snow-flakes whiten the ground,
or again as a sign that he will open the wide jaws of hungry war,
even so did Agamemnon heave many a heavy sigh, for his soul trembled
he looked upon the plain of Troy he marvelled at
the many watchfires burning in front of Ilius, and at the sound of
pipes and flutes and of the hum of men, but when presently he turned
towards the ships and hosts of the Achaeans, he tore his hair by handfuls
before Jove on high, and groaned aloud for the very disquietness of
his soul. In the end he deemed it best to go at once to Nestor son
of Neleus, and see if between them they could find any way of the
Achaeans from destruction. He therefore rose, put on M
his sandals about his comely feet, flung the skin of a huge tawny
lion over his shoulders- a skin that reached his feet- and took his
Neither could Menelaus sleep, for he, too, boded ill for the Argives
who for his sake had sailed from far over the seas to fight the Trojans.
He covered his broad back with the skin of a spotted panther, put
a casque of bronze upon his head, and took his spear in his brawny
hand. Then he went to rouse his brother, who was by far the mostM
of the Achaeans, and was honoured by the people as though he were
a god. He found him by the stern of his ship already putting his goodly
array about his shoulders, and right glad was he that his brother
Menelaus spoke first. "Why," said he, "my dear brother, are you thus
arming? Are you going to send any of our comrades to exploit the Trojans?
I greatly fear that no one will do you this service, and spy upon
the enemy alone in the dead of night. It will be a deed of great daring."
And King Agamemnon answered, "Menelaus, we both of us need shrewd
counsel to save the Argives and our ships, for Jove has changed his
mind, and inclines towards Hector's sacrifices rather than ours. I
never saw nor heard tell of any man as having wrought such ruin in
one day as Hector has now wrought against the sons of the Achaeans-
and that too of his own unaided self, for he is son neither to god
nor goddess. The Argives will rue it long and deeply. Run, therefore,
with all speed by the line of the shipsM
, and call Ajax and Idomeneus.
Meanwhile I will go to Nestor, and bid him rise and go about among
the companies of our sentinels to give them their instructions; they
will listen to him sooner than to any man, for his own son, and Meriones
brother in arms to Idomeneus, are captains over them. It was to them
more particularly that we gave this charge."
Menelaus replied, "How do I take your meaning? Am I to stay with them
and wait your coming, or shall I return here as soon as I have given
ait," answered King Agamemnon, "for there are so many
paths about the camp that we might miss one another. Call every man
on your way, and bid him be stirring; name him by his lineage and
by his father's name, give each all titular observance, and stand
not too much upon your own dignity; we must take our full share of
toil, for at our birth Jove laid this heavy burden upon us."
With these instructions he sent his brother on his way, and went on
to Nestor shepherd of his people. He found him sleeping in hiM
hard by his own ship; his goodly armour lay beside him- his shield,
his two spears and his helmet; beside him also lay the gleaming girdle
with which the old man girded himself when he armed to lead his people
into battle- for his age stayed him not. He raised himself on his
elbow and looked up at Agamemnon. "Who is it," said he, "that goes
thus about the host and the ships alone and in the dead of night,
when men are sleeping? Are you looking for one of your mules or for
some comrade? Do not stand tM
here and say nothing, but speak. What
And Agamemnon answered, "Nestor, son of Neleus, honour to the Achaean
name, it is I, Agamemnon son of Atreus, on whom Jove has laid labour
and sorrow so long as there is breath in my body and my limbs carry
me. I am thus abroad because sleep sits not upon my eyelids, but my
heart is big with war and with the jeopardy of the Achaeans. I am
in great fear for the Danaans. I am at sea, and without sure counsel;
my heart beats as though it would leap ouM
t of my body, and my limbs
fail me. If then you can do anything- for you too cannot sleep- let
us go the round of the watch, and see whether they are drowsy with
toil and sleeping to the neglect of their duty. The enemy is encamped
hard and we know not but he may attack us by night."
Nestor replied, "Most noble son of Atreus, king of men, Agamemnon,
Jove will not do all for Hector that Hector thinks he will; he will
have troubles yet in plenty if Achilles will lay aside his anger.
I will go with you, andM
we will rouse others, either the son of Tydeus,
or Ulysses, or fleet Ajax and the valiant son of Phyleus. Some one
had also better go and call Ajax and King Idomeneus, for their ships
are not near at hand but the farthest of all. I cannot however refrain
from blaming Menelaus, much as I love him and respect him- and I will
say so plainly, even at the risk of offending you- for sleeping and
leaving all this trouble to yourself. He ought to be going about imploring
aid from all the princes of the Achaeans, foM
r we are in extreme danger."
And Agamemnon answered, "Sir, you may sometimes blame him justly,
for he is often remiss and unwilling to exert himself- not indeed
from sloth, nor yet heedlessness, but because he looks to me and expects
me to take the lead. On this occasion, however, he was awake before
I was, and came to me of his own accord. I have already sent him to
call the very men whom you have named. And now let us be going. We
shall find them with the watch outside the gates, for it was there
that we would meet them."
"In that case," answered Nestor, "the Argives will not blame him nor
disobey his orders when he urges them to fight or gives them instructions."
With this he put on his shirt, and bound his sandals about his comely
feet. He buckled on his purple coat, of two thicknesses, large, and
of a rough shaggy texture, grasped his redoubtable bronze-shod spear,
and wended his way along the line of the Achaean ships. First he called
loudly to Ulysses peer of gods in counsel and woke him, M
soon roused by the sound of the battle-cry. He came outside his tent
and said, "Why do you go thus alone about the host, and along the
line of the ships in the stillness of the night? What is it that you
find so urgent?" And Nestor knight of Gerene answered, "Ulysses, noble
son of Laertes, take it not amiss, for the Achaeans are in great straits.
Come with me and let us wake some other, who may advise well with
us whether we shall fight or fly."
On this Ulysses went at once into his tent, put M
his shield about his
shoulders and came out with them. First they went to Diomed son of
Tydeus, and found him outside his tent clad in his armour with his
comrades sleeping round him and using their shields as pillows; as
for their spears, they stood upright on the spikes of their butts
that were driven into the ground, and the burnished bronze flashed
afar like the lightning of father Jove. The hero was sleeping upon
the skin of an ox, with a piece of fine carpet under his head; Nestor
went up to him and sM
tirred him with his heel to rouse him, upbraiding
him and urging him to bestir himself. "Wake up," he exclaimed, "son
of Tydeus. How can you sleep on in this way? Can you not see that
the Trojans are encamped on the brow of the plain hard by our ships,
with but a little space between us and them?"
On these words Diomed leaped up instantly and said, "Old man, your
heart is of iron; you rest not one moment from your labours. Are there
no younger men among the Achaeans who could go about to rouse the
s? There is no tiring you."
And Nestor knight of Gerene made answer, "My son, all that you have
said is true. I have good sons, and also much people who might call
the chieftains, but the Achaeans are in the gravest danger; life and
death are balanced as it were on the edge of a razor. Go then, for
you are younger than I, and of your courtesy rouse Ajax and the fleet
Diomed threw the skin of a great tawny lion about his shoulders- a
skin that reached his feet- and grasped his spear. WM
the heroes, he brought them back with him; they then went the round
of those who were on guard, and found the captains not sleeping at
their posts but wakeful and sitting with their arms about them. As
sheep dogs that watch their flocks when they are yarded, and hear
a wild beast coming through the mountain forest towards them- forthwith
there is a hue and cry of dogs and men, and slumber is broken- even
so was sleep chased from the eyes of the Achaeans as they kept the
watches of the wickM
ed night, for they turned constantly towards the
plain whenever they heard any stir among the Trojans. The old man
was glad bade them be of good cheer. "Watch on, my children," said
he, "and let not sleep get hold upon you, lest our enemies triumph
With this he passed the trench, and with him the other chiefs of the
Achaeans who had been called to the council. Meriones and the brave
son of Nestor went also, for the princes bade them. When they were
beyond the trench that was dug round the wall M
they held their meeting
on the open ground where there was a space clear of corpses, for it
was here that when night fell Hector had turned back from his onslaught
on the Argives. They sat down, therefore, and held debate with one
Nestor spoke first. "My friends," said he, "is there any man bold
enough to venture the Trojans, and cut off some straggler, or us news
of what the enemy mean to do whether they will stay here by the ships
away from the city, or whether, now that they have worsted the M
they will retire within their walls. If he could learn all this and
come back safely here, his fame would be high as heaven in the mouths
of all men, and he would be rewarded richly; for the chiefs from all
our ships would each of them give him a black ewe with her lamb- which
is a present of surpassing value- and he would be asked as a guest
to all feasts and clan-gatherings."
They all held their peace, but Diomed of the loud war-cry spoke saying,
"Nestor, gladly will I visit the host of the TM
us, but if another will go with me I shall do so in greater confidence
and comfort. When two men are together, one of them may see some opportunity
which the other has not caught sight of; if a man is alone he is less
full of resource, and his wit is weaker."
On this several offered to go with Diomed. The two Ajaxes, servants
of Mars, Meriones, and the son of Nestor all wanted to go, so did
Menelaus son of Atreus; Ulysses also wished to go among the host of
the Trojans, for he was eveM
r full of daring, and thereon Agamemnon
king of men spoke thus: "Diomed," said he, "son of Tydeus, man after
my own heart, choose your comrade for yourself- take the best man
of those that have offered, for many would now go with you. Do not
through delicacy reject the better man, and take the worst out of
respect for his lineage, because he is of more royal blood."
He said this because he feared for Menelaus. Diomed answered, "If
you bid me take the man of my own choice, how in that case can I fail
ink of Ulysses, than whom there is no man more eager to face
all kinds of danger- and Pallas Minerva loves him well? If he were
to go with me we should pass safely through fire itself, for he is
quick to see and understand."
"Son of Tydeus," replied Ulysses, "say neither good nor ill about
me, for you are among Argives who know me well. Let us be going, for
the night wanes and dawn is at hand. The stars have gone forward,
two-thirds of the night are already spent, and the third is alone
y then put on their armour. Brave Thrasymedes provided the son
of Tydeus with a sword and a shield (for he had left his own at his
ship) and on his head he set a helmet of bull's hide without either
peak or crest; it is called a skull-cap and is a common headgear.
Meriones found a bow and quiver for Ulysses, and on his head he set
a leathern helmet that was lined with a strong plaiting of leathern
thongs, while on the outside it was thickly studded with boar's teeth,
well and skilfully set into it; next the M
head there was an inner lining
of felt. This helmet had been stolen by Autolycus out of Eleon when
he broke into the house of Amyntor son of Ormenus. He gave it to Amphidamas
of Cythera to take to Scandea, and Amphidamas gave it as a guest-gift
to Molus, who gave it to his son Meriones; and now it was set upon
the head of Ulysses.
When the pair had armed, they set out, and left the other chieftains
behind them. Pallas Minerva sent them a heron by the wayside upon
their right hands; they could not see it M
for the darkness, but they
heard its cry. Ulysses was glad when he heard it and prayed to Minerva:
"Hear me," he cried, "daughter of aegis-bearing Jove, you who spy
out all my ways and who are with me in all my hardships; befriend
me in this mine hour, and grant that we may return to the ships covered
with glory after having achieved some mighty exploit that shall bring
sorrow to the Trojans."
Then Diomed of the loud war-cry also prayed: "Hear me too," said he,
"daughter of Jove, unweariable; be with me M
even as you were with my
noble father Tydeus when he went to Thebes as envoy sent by the Achaeans.
He left the Achaeans by the banks of the river Aesopus, and went to
the city bearing a message of peace to the Cadmeians; on his return
thence, with your help, goddess, he did great deeds of daring, for
you were his ready helper. Even so guide me and guard me now, and
in return I will offer you in sacrifice a broad-browed heifer of a
year old, unbroken, and never yet brought by man under the yoke. I
her horns and will offer her up to you in sacrifice."
Thus they prayed, and Pallas Minerva heard their prayer. When they
had done praying to the daughter of great Jove, they went their way
like two lions prowling by night amid the armour and blood-stained
bodies of them that had fallen.
Neither again did Hector let the Trojans sleep; for he too called
the princes and councillors of the Trojans that he might set his counsel
before them. "Is there one," said he, "who for a great reward will
vice of which I will tell you? He shall be well paid
if he will. I will give him a chariot and a couple of horses, the
fleetest that can be found at the ships of the Achaeans, if he will
dare this thing; and he will win infinite honour to boot; he must
go to the ships and find out whether they are still guarded as heretofore,
or whether now that we have beaten them the Achaeans design to fly,
and through sheer exhaustion are neglecting to keep their watches."
They all held their peace; but there was among M
the Trojans a certain
man named Dolon, son of Eumedes, the famous herald- a man rich in
gold and bronze. He was ill-favoured, but a good runner, and was an
only son among five sisters. He it was that now addressed the Trojans.
"I, Hector," said he, "Will to the ships and will exploit them. But
first hold up your sceptre and swear that you will give me the chariot,
bedight with bronze, and the horses that now carry the noble son of
Peleus. I will make you a good scout, and will not fail you. I will
h the host from one end to the other till I come to the ship
of Agamemnon, where I take it the princes of the Achaeans are now
consulting whether they shall fight or fly."
When he had done speaking Hector held up his sceptre, and swore him
his oath saying, "May Jove the thundering husband of Juno bear witness
that no other Trojan but yourself shall mount those steeds, and that
you shall have your will with them for ever."
The oath he swore was bootless, but it made Dolon more keen on going.
s bow over his shoulder, and as an overall he wore the skin
of a grey wolf, while on his head he set a cap of ferret skin. Then
he took a pointed javelin, and left the camp for the ships, but he
was not to return with any news for Hector. When he had left the horses
and the troops behind him, he made all speed on his way, but Ulysses
perceived his coming and said to Diomed, "Diomed, here is some one
from the camp; I am not sure whether he is a spy, or whether it is
some thief who would plunder the bodies of M
the dead; let him get a
little past us, we can then spring upon him and take him. If, however,
he is too quick for us, go after him with your spear and hem him in
towards the ships away from the Trojan camp, to prevent his getting
With this they turned out of their way and lay down among the corpses.
Dolon suspected nothing and soon passed them, but when he had got
about as far as the distance by which a mule-plowed furrow exceeds
one that has been ploughed by oxen (for mules can plow M
quicker than oxen) they ran after him, and when he heard their footsteps
he stood still, for he made sure they were friends from the Trojan
camp come by Hector's orders to bid him return; when, however, they
were only a spear's cast, or less away form him, he saw that they
were enemies as fast as his legs could take him. The others gave chase
at once, and as a couple of well-trained hounds press forward after
a doe or hare that runs screaming in front of them, even so did the
son of Tydeus and UM
lysses pursue Dolon and cut him off from his own
people. But when he had fled so far towards the ships that he would
soon have fallen in with the outposts, Minerva infused fresh strength
into the son of Tydeus for fear some other of the Achaeans might have
the glory of being first to hit him, and he might himself be only
second; he therefore sprang forward with his spear and said, "Stand,
or I shall throw my spear, and in that case I shall soon make an end
He threw as he spoke, but missed his aiM
m on purpose. The dart flew
over the man's right shoulder, and then stuck in the ground. He stood
stock still, trembling and in great fear; his teeth chattered, and
he turned pale with fear. The two came breathless up to him and seized
his hands, whereon he began to weep and said, "Take me alive; I will
ransom myself; we have great store of gold, bronze, and wrought iron,
and from this my father will satisfy you with a very large ransom,
should he hear of my being alive at the ships of the Achaeans."
r not," replied Ulysses, "let no thought of death be in your mind;
but tell me, and tell me true, why are you thus going about alone
in the dead of night away from your camp and towards the ships, while
other men are sleeping? Is it to plunder the bodies of the slain,
or did Hector send you to spy out what was going on at the ships?
Or did you come here of your own mere notion?"
Dolon answered, his limbs trembling beneath him: "Hector, with his
vain flattering promises, lured me from my better judgement. M
he would give me the horses of the noble son of Peleus and his bronze-bedizened
chariot; he bade me go through the darkness of the flying night, get
close to the enemy, and find out whether the ships are still guarded
as heretofore, or whether, now that we have beaten them, the Achaeans
design to fly, and through sheer exhaustion are neglecting to keep
Ulysses smiled at him and answered, "You had indeed set your heart
upon a great reward, but the horses of the descendant of AeacusM
hardly to be kept in hand or driven by any other mortal man than Achilles
himself, whose mother was an immortal. But tell me, and tell me true,
where did you leave Hector when you started? Where lies his armour
and his horses? How, too, are the watches and sleeping-ground of the
Trojans ordered? What are their plans? Will they stay here by the
ships and away from the city, or now that they have worsted the Achaeans,
will they retire within their walls?"
And Dolon answered, "I will tell you truly allM
. Hector and the other
councillors are now holding conference by the monument of great Ilus,
away from the general tumult; as for the guards about which you ask
me, there is no chosen watch to keep guard over the host. The Trojans
have their watchfires, for they are bound to have them; they, therefore,
are awake and keep each other to their duty as sentinels; but the
allies who have come from other places are asleep and leave it to
the Trojans to keep guard, for their wives and children are not here."
sses then said, "Now tell me; are they sleeping among the Trojan
troops, or do they lie apart? Explain this that I may understand it."
"I will tell you truly all," replied Dolon. "To the seaward lie the
Carians, the Paeonian bowmen, the Leleges, the Cauconians, and the
noble Pelasgi. The Lysians and proud Mysians, with the Phrygians and
Meonians, have their place on the side towards Thymbra; but why ask
about an this? If you want to find your way into the host of the Trojans,
there are the Thracians, who hM
ave lately come here and lie apart from
the others at the far end of the camp; and they have Rhesus son of
Eioneus for their king. His horses are the finest and strongest that
I have ever seen, they are whiter than snow and fleeter than any wind
that blows. His chariot is bedight with silver and gold, and he has
brought his marvellous golden armour, of the rarest workmanship- too
splendid for any mortal man to carry, and meet only for the gods.
Now, therefore, take me to the ships or bind me securely here, uM
you come back and have proved my words whether they be false or true."
Diomed looked sternly at him and answered, "Think not, Dolon, for
all the good information you have given us, that you shall escape
now you are in our hands, for if we ransom you or let you go, you
will come some second time to the ships of the Achaeans either as
a spy or as an open enemy, but if I kill you and an end of you, you
will give no more trouble."
On this Dolon would have caught him by the beard to beseech him furtherM
but Diomed struck him in the middle of his neck with his sword and
cut through both sinews so that his head fell rolling in the dust
while he was yet speaking. They took the ferret-skin cap from his
head, and also the wolf-skin, the bow, and his long spear. Ulysses
hung them up aloft in honour of Minerva the goddess of plunder, and
prayed saying, "Accept these, goddess, for we give them to you in
preference to all the gods in Olympus: therefore speed us still further
towards the horses and sleeping-groundM
With these words he took the spoils and set them upon a tamarisk tree,
and they marked the place by pulling up reeds and gathering boughs
of tamarisk that they might not miss it as they came back through
the' flying hours of darkness. The two then went onwards amid the
fallen armour and the blood, and came presently to the company of
Thracian soldiers, who were sleeping, tired out with their day's toil;
their goodly armour was lying on the ground beside them all orderly
and each man had his yoke of horses beside him. Rhesus
was sleeping in the middle, and hard by him his horses were made fast
to the topmost rim of his chariot. Ulysses from some way off saw him
and said, "This, Diomed, is the man, and these are the horses about
which Dolon whom we killed told us. Do your very utmost; dally not
about your armour, but loose the horses at once- or else kill the
men yourself, while I see to the horses."
Thereon Minerva put courage into the heart of Diomed, and he smote
right and left. They made a hideous groaning as they were being
hacked about, and the earth was red with their blood. As a lion springs
furiously upon a flock of sheep or goats when he finds without their
shepherd, so did the son of Tydeus set upon the Thracian soldiers
till he had killed twelve. As he killed them Ulysses came and drew
them aside by their feet one by one, that the horses might go forward
freely without being frightened as they passed over the dead bodies,
for they were not yet used to them. M
When the son of Tydeus came to
the king, he killed him too (which made thirteen), as he was breathing
hard, for by the counsel of Minerva an evil dream, the seed of Oeneus,
hovered that night over his head. Meanwhile Ulysses untied the horses,
made them fast one to another and drove them off, striking them with
his bow, for he had forgotten to take the whip from the chariot. Then
he whistled as a sign to Diomed.
But Diomed stayed where he was, thinking what other daring deed he
might accomplish. He was dM
oubting whether to take the chariot in which
the king's armour was lying, and draw it out by the pole, or to lift
the armour out and carry it off; or whether again, he should not kill
some more Thracians. While he was thus hesitating Minerva came up
to him and said, "Get back, Diomed, to the ships or you may be driven
thither, should some other god rouse the Trojans."
Diomed knew that it was the goddess, and at once sprang upon the horses.
Ulysses beat them with his bow and they flew onward to the ships oM
But Apollo kept no blind look-out when he saw Minerva with the son
of Tydeus. He was angry with her, and coming to the host of the Trojans
he roused Hippocoon, a counsellor of the Thracians and a noble kinsman
of Rhesus. He started up out of his sleep and saw that the horses
were no longer in their place, and that the men were gasping in their
death-agony; on this he groaned aloud, and called upon his friend
by name. Then the whole Trojan camp was in an uproar as the people
together, and they marvelled at the deeds of the heroes
who had now got away towards the ships.
When they reached the place where they had killed Hector's scout,
Ulysses stayed his horses, and the son of Tydeus, leaping to the ground,
placed the blood-stained spoils in the hands of Ulysses and remounted:
then he lashed the horses onwards, and they flew forward nothing loth
towards the ships as though of their own free will. Nestor was first
to hear the tramp of their feet. "My friends," said he, "princesM
counsellors of the Argives, shall I guess right or wrong?- but I must
say what I think: there is a sound in my ears as of the tramp of horses.
I hope it may Diomed and Ulysses driving in horses from the Trojans,
but I much fear that the bravest of the Argives may have come to some
harm at their hands."
He had hardly done speaking when the two men came in and dismounted,
whereon the others shook hands right gladly with them and congratulated
them. Nestor knight of Gerene was first to question them. "M
said he, "renowned Ulysses, how did you two come by these horses?
Did you steal in among the Trojan forces, or did some god meet you
and give them to you? They are like sunbeams. I am well conversant
with the Trojans, for old warrior though I am I never hold back by
the ships, but I never yet saw or heard of such horses as these are.
Surely some god must have met you and given them to you, for you are
both of dear to Jove, and to Jove's daughter Minerva."
And Ulysses answered, "Nestor son of NeM
leus, honour to the Achaean
name, heaven, if it so will, can give us even better horses than these,
for the gods are far mightier than we are. These horses, however,
about which you ask me, are freshly come from Thrace. Diomed killed
their king with the twelve bravest of his companions. Hard by the
ships we took a thirteenth man- a scout whom Hector and the other
Trojans had sent as a spy upon our ships."
He laughed as he spoke and drove the horses over the ditch, while
the other Achaeans followed him glM
adly. When they reached the strongly
built quarters of the son of Tydeus, they tied the horses with thongs
of leather to the manger, where the steeds of Diomed stood eating
their sweet corn, but Ulysses hung the blood-stained spoils of Dolon
at the stern of his ship, that they might prepare a sacred offering
to Minerva. As for themselves, they went into the sea and washed the
sweat from their bodies, and from their necks and thighs. When the
sea-water had taken all the sweat from off them, and had refreshed
them, they went into the baths and washed themselves. After they had
so done and had anointed themselves with oil, they sat down to table,
and drawing from a full mixing-bowl, made a drink-offering of wine
----------------------------------------------------------------------
And now as Dawn rose from her couch beside Tithonus, harbinger of
light alike to mortals and immortals, Jove sent fierce Discord with
the ensign of war in her hands to the ships of the Achaeans. She took
r stand by the huge black hull of Ulysses' ship which was middlemost
of all, so that her voice might carry farthest on either side, on
the one hand towards the tents of Ajax son of Telamon, and on the
other towards those of Achilles- for these two heroes, well-assured
of their own strength, had valorously drawn up their ships at the
two ends of the line. There she took her stand, and raised a cry both
loud and shrill that filled the Achaeans with courage, giving them
heart to fight resolutely and with all thM
eir might, so that they had
rather stay there and do battle than go home in their ships.
The son of Atreus shouted aloud and bade the Argives gird themselves
for battle while he put on his armour. First he girded his goodly
greaves about his legs, making them fast with ankle clasps of silver;
and about his chest he set the breastplate which Cinyras had once
given him as a guest-gift. It had been noised abroad as far as Cyprus
that the Achaeans were about to sail for Troy, and therefore he gave
ing. It had ten courses of dark cyanus, twelve of gold,
and ten of tin. There were serpents of cyanus that reared themselves
up towards the neck, three upon either side, like the rainbows which
the son of Saturn has set in heaven as a sign to mortal men. About
his shoulders he threw his sword, studded with bosses of gold; and
the scabbard was of silver with a chain of gold wherewith to hang
it. He took moreover the richly-dight shield that covered his body
when he was in battle- fair to see, with ten circlesM
all round see, wit it. On the body of the shield there were twenty
bosses of white tin, with another of dark cyanus in the middle: this
last was made to show a Gorgon's head, fierce and grim, with Rout
and Panic on either side. The band for the arm to go through was of
silver, on which there was a writhing snake of cyanus with three heads
that sprang from a single neck, and went in and out among one another.
On his head Agamemnon set a helmet, with a peak before and behind,
s of horse-hair that nodded menacingly above it; then
he grasped two redoubtable bronze-shod spears, and the gleam of his
armour shot from him as a flame into the firmament, while Juno and
Minerva thundered in honour of the king of rich Mycene.
Every man now left his horses in charge of his charioteer to hold
them in readiness by the trench, while he went into battle on foot
clad in full armour, and a mighty uproar rose on high into the dawning.
The chiefs were armed and at the trench before the horses goM
but these came up presently. The son of Saturn sent a portent of evil
sound about their host, and the dew fell red with blood, for he was
about to send many a brave man hurrying down to Hades.
The Trojans, on the other side upon the rising slope of the plain,
were gathered round great Hector, noble Polydamas, Aeneas who was
honoured by the Trojans like an immortal, and the three sons of Antenor,
Polybus, Agenor, and young Acamas beauteous as a god. Hector's round
shield showed in the front rank,M
and as some baneful star that shines
for a moment through a rent in the clouds and is again hidden beneath
them; even so was Hector now seen in the front ranks and now again
in the hindermost, and his bronze armour gleamed like the lightning
of aegis-bearing Jove.
And now as a band of reapers mow swathes of wheat or barley upon a
rich man's land, and the sheaves fall thick before them, even so did
the Trojans and Achaeans fall upon one another; they were in no mood
for yielding but fought like wolves, aM
nd neither side got the better
of the other. Discord was glad as she beheld them, for she was the
only god that went among them; the others were not there, but stayed
quietly each in his own home among the dells and valleys of Olympus.
All of them blamed the son of Saturn for wanting to Live victory to
the Trojans, but father Jove heeded them not: he held aloof from all,
and sat apart in his all-glorious majesty, looking down upon the city
of the Trojans, the ships of the Achaeans, the gleam of bronze, and
alike upon the slayers and on the slain.
Now so long as the day waxed and it was still morning, their darts
rained thick on one another and the people perished, but as the hour
drew nigh when a woodman working in some mountain forest will get
his midday meal- for he has felled till his hands are weary; he is
tired out, and must now have food- then the Danaans with a cry that
rang through all their ranks, broke the battalions of the enemy. Agamemnon
led them on, and slew first Bienor, a leader of his peoplM
his comrade and charioteer Oileus, who sprang from his chariot and
was coming full towards him; but Agamemnon struck him on the forehead
with his spear; his bronze visor was of no avail against the weapon,
which pierced both bronze and bone, so that his brains were battered
in and he was killed in full fight.
Agamemnon stripped their shirts from off them and left them with their
breasts all bare to lie where they had fallen. He then went on to
kill Isus and Antiphus two sons of Priam, tM
he one a bastard, the other
born in wedlock; they were in the same chariot- the bastard driving,
while noble Antiphus fought beside him. Achilles had once taken both
of them prisoners in the glades of Ida, and had bound them with fresh
withes as they were shepherding, but he had taken a ransom for them;
now, however, Agamemnon son of Atreus smote Isus in the chest above
the nipple with his spear, while he struck Antiphus hard by the ear
and threw him from his chariot. Forthwith he stripped their goodly
ur from off them and recognized them, for he had already seen
them at ships when Achilles brought them in from Ida. As a lion fastens
on the fawns of a hind and crushes them in his great jaws, robbing
them of their tender life while he on his way back to his lair- the
hind can do nothing for them even though she be close by, for she
is in an agony of fear, and flies through the thick forest, sweating,
and at her utmost speed before the mighty monster- so, no man of the
Trojans could help Isus and Antiphus, fM
or they were themselves flying
panic before the Argives.
Then King Agamemnon took the two sons of Antimachus, Pisander and
brave Hippolochus. It was Antimachus who had been foremost in preventing
Helen's being restored to Menelaus, for he was largely bribed by Alexandrus;
and now Agamemnon took his two sons, both in the same chariot, trying
to bring their horses to a stand- for they had lost hold of the reins
and the horses were mad with fear. The son of Atreus sprang upon them
like a lion, and the pair M
besought him from their chariot. "Take us
alive," they cried, "son of Atreus, and you shall receive a great
ransom for us. Our father Antimachus has great store of gold, bronze,
and wrought iron, and from this he will satisfy you with a very large
ransom should he hear of our being alive at the ships of the Achaeans."
With such piteous words and tears did they beseech the king, but they
heard no pitiful answer in return. "If," said Agamemnon, "you are
sons of Antimachus, who once at a council of Trojans prM
Menelaus and Ulysses, who had come to you as envoys, should be killed
and not suffered to return, you shall now pay for the foul iniquity
As he spoke he felled Pisander from his chariot to the earth, smiting
him on the chest with his spear, so that he lay face uppermost upon
the ground. Hippolochus fled, but him too did Agamemnon smite; he
cut off his hands and his head- which he sent rolling in among the
crowd as though it were a ball. There he let them both lie, and whereveM
the ranks were thickest thither he flew, while the other Achaeans
followed. Foot soldiers drove the foot soldiers of the foe in rout
before them, and slew them; horsemen did the like by horsemen, and
the thundering tramp of the horses raised a cloud of dust frim off
the plain. King Agamemnon followed after, ever slaying them and cheering
on the Achaeans. As when some mighty forest is all ablaze- the eddying
gusts whirl fire in all directions till the thickets shrivel and are
consumed before the blast of tM
he flame- even so fell the heads of
the flying Trojans before Agamemnon son of Atreus, and many a noble
pair of steeds drew an empty chariot along the highways of war, for
lack of drivers who were lying on the plain, more useful now to vultures
than to their wives.
Jove drew Hector away from the darts and dust, with the carnage and
din of battle; but the son of Atreus sped onwards, calling out lustily
to the Danaans. They flew on by the tomb of old Ilus, son of Dardanus,
in the middle of the plain, and pM
ast the place of the wild fig-tree
making always for the city- the son of Atreus still shouting, and
with hands all bedrabbled in gore; but when they had reached the Scaean
gates and the oak tree, there they halted and waited for the others
to come up. Meanwhile the Trojans kept on flying over the middle of
the plain like a herd cows maddened with fright when a lion has attacked
them in the dead of night- he springs on one of them, seizes her neck
in the grip of his strong teeth and then laps up her blood anM
himself upon her entrails- even so did King Agamemnon son of Atreus
pursue the foe, ever slaughtering the hindmost as they fled pell-mell
before him. Many a man was flung headlong from his chariot by the
hand of the son of Atreus, for he wielded his spear with fury.
But when he was just about to reach the high wall and the city, the
father of gods and men came down from heaven and took his seat, thunderbolt
in hand, upon the crest of many-fountained Ida. He then told Iris
of the golden wings to cM
arry a message for him. "Go," said he, "fleet
Iris, and speak thus to Hector- say that so long as he sees Agamemnon
heading his men and making havoc of the Trojan ranks, he is to keep
aloof and bid the others bear the brunt of the battle, but when Agamemnon
is wounded either by spear or arrow, and takes to his chariot, then
will I vouchsafe him strength to slay till he reach the ships and
night falls at the going down of the sun."
Iris hearkened and obeyed. Down she went to strong Ilius from the
f Ida, and found Hector son of Priam standing by his chariot
and horses. Then she said, "Hector son of Priam, peer of gods in counsel,
father Jove has sent me to bear you this message- so long as you see
Agamemnon heading his men and making havoc of the Trojan ranks, you
are to keep aloof and bid the others bear the brunt of the battle,
but when Agamemnon is wounded either by spear or arrow, and takes
to his chariot, then will Jove vouchsafe you strength to slay till
you reach the ships, and till night fallsM
at the going down of the
When she had thus spoken Iris left him, and Hector sprang full armed
from his chariot to the ground, brandishing his spear as he went about
everywhere among the host, cheering his men on to fight, and stirring
the dread strife of battle. The Trojans then wheeled round, and again
met the Achaeans, while the Argives on their part strengthened their
battalions. The battle was now in array and they stood face to face
with one another, Agamemnon ever pressing forward in his eagM
to be ahead of all others.
Tell me now ye Muses that dwell in the mansions of Olympus, who, whether
of the Trojans or of their allies, was first to face Agamemnon? It
was Iphidamas son of Antenor, a man both brave and of great stature,
who was brought up in fertile Thrace the mother of sheep. Cisses,
his mother's father, brought him up in his own house when he was a
child- Cisses, father to fair Theano. When he reached manhood, Cisses
would have kept him there, and was for giving him his daughter M
marriage, but as soon as he had married he set out to fight the Achaeans
with twelve ships that followed him: these he had left at Percote
and had come on by land to Ilius. He it was that naw met Agamemnon
son of Atreus. When they were close up with one another, the son of
Atreus missed his aim, and Iphidamas hit him on the girdle below the
cuirass and then flung himself upon him, trusting to his strength
of arm; the girdle, however, was not pierced, nor nearly so, for the
point of the spear struck againM
st the silver and was turned aside
as though it had been lead: King Agamemnon caught it from his hand,
and drew it towards him with the fury of a lion; he then drew his
sword, and killed Iphidamas by striking him on the neck. So there
the poor fellow lay, sleeping a sleep as it were of bronze, killed
in the defence of his fellow-citizens, far from his wedded wife, of
whom he had had no joy though he had given much for her: he had given
a hundred-head of cattle down, and had promised later on to give a
and sheep and goats mixed, from the countless flocks of which
he was possessed. Agamemnon son of Atreus then despoiled him, and
carried off his armour into the host of the Achaeans.
When noble Coon, Antenor's eldest son, saw this, sore indeed were
his eyes at the sight of his fallen brother. Unseen by Agamemnon he
got beside him, spear in hand, and wounded him in the middle of his
arm below the elbow, the point of the spear going right through the
arm. Agamemnon was convulsed with pain, but still not evenM
did he leave off struggling and fighting, but grasped his spear that
flew as fleet as the wind, and sprang upon Coon who was trying to
drag off the body of his brother- his father's son- by the foot, and
was crying for help to all the bravest of his comrades; but Agamemnon
struck him with a bronze-shod spear and killed him as he was dragging
the dead body through the press of men under cover of his shield:
he then cut off his head, standing over the body of Iphidamas. Thus
did the sons of Antenor M
meet their fate at the hands of the son of
Atreus, and go down into the house of Hades.
As long as the blood still welled warm from his wound Agamemnon went
about attacking the ranks of the enemy with spear and sword and with
great handfuls of stone, but when the blood had ceased to flow and
the wound grew dry, the pain became great. As the sharp pangs which
the Eilithuiae, goddesses of childbirth, daughters of Juno and dispensers
of cruel pain, send upon a woman when she is in labour- even so sharp
the pangs of the son of Atreus. He sprang on to his chariot,
and bade his charioteer drive to the ships, for he was in great agony.
With a loud clear voice he shouted to the Danaans, "My friends, princes
and counsellors of the Argives, defend the ships yourselves, for Jove
has not suffered me to fight the whole day through against the Trojans."
With this the charioteer turned his horses towards the ships, and
they flew forward nothing loth. Their chests were white with foam
and their bellies with dust, asM
they drew the wounded king out of
When Hector saw Agamemnon quit the field, he shouted to the Trojans
and Lycians saying, "Trojans, Lycians, and Dardanian warriors, be
men, my friends, and acquit yourselves in battle bravely; their best
man has left them, and Jove has vouchsafed me a great triumph; charge
the foe with your chariots that. you may win still greater glory."
With these words he put heart and soul into them all, and as a huntsman
hounds his dogs on against a lion or wild boar, M
peer of Mars, hound the proud Trojans on against the Achaeans. Full
of hope he plunged in among the foremost, and fell on the fight like
some fierce tempest that swoops down upon the sea, and lashes its
deep blue waters into fury.
What, then is the full tale of those whom Hector son of Priam killed
in the hour of triumph which Jove then vouchsafed him? First Asaeus,
Autonous, and Opites; Dolops son of Clytius, Opheltius and Agelaus;
Aesymnus, Orus and Hipponous steadfast in battle; thM
of the Achaeans did Hector slay, and then he fell upon the rank and
file. As when the west wind hustles the clouds of the white south
and beats them down with the fierceness of its fury- the waves of
the sea roll high, and the spray is flung aloft in the rage of the
wandering wind- even so thick were the heads of them that fell by
the hand of Hector.
All had then been lost and no help for it, and the Achaeans would
have fled pell-mell to their ships, had not Ulysses cried out to Diomed,
Son of Tydeus, what has happened to us that we thus forget our prowess?
Come, my good fellow, stand by my side and help me, we shall be shamed
for ever if Hector takes the ships."
And Diomed answered, "Come what may, I will stand firm; but we shall
have scant joy of it, for Jove is minded to give victory to the Trojans
rather than to us."
With these words he struck Thymbraeus from his chariot to the ground,
smiting him in the left breast with his spear, while Ulysses killed
Molion who was his squire. M
These they let lie, now that they had stopped
their fighting; the two heroes then went on playing havoc with the
foe, like two wild boars that turn in fury and rend the hounds that
hunt them. Thus did they turn upon the Trojans and slay them, and
the Achaeans were thankful to have breathing time in their flight
They then took two princes with their chariot, the two sons of Merops
of Percote, who excelled all others in the arts of divination. He
had forbidden his sons to go to the war, but thM
ey would not obey him,
for fate lured them to their fall. Diomed son of Tydeus slew them
both and stripped them of their armour, while Ulysses killed Hippodamus
And now the son of Saturn as he looked down from Ida ordained that
neither side should have the advantage, and they kept on killing one
another. The son of Tydeus speared Agastrophus son of Paeon in the
hip-joint with his spear. His chariot was not at hand for him to fly
with, so blindly confident had he been. His squire was in cM
it at some distance and he was fighting on foot among the foremost
until he lost his life. Hector soon marked the havoc Diomed and Ulysses
were making, and bore down upon them with a loud cry, followed by
the Trojan ranks; brave Diomed was dismayed when he saw them, and
said to Ulysses who was beside him, "Great Hector is bearing down
upon us and we shall be undone; let us stand firm and wait his onset."
He poised his spear as he spoke and hurled it, nor did he miss his
mark. He had aimed at HectM
or's head near the top of his helmet, but
bronze was turned by bronze, and Hector was untouched, for the spear
was stayed by the visored helm made with three plates of metal, which
Phoebus Apollo had given him. Hector sprang back with a great bound
under cover of the ranks; he fell on his knees and propped himself
with his brawny hand leaning on the ground, for darkness had fallen
on his eyes. The son of Tydeus having thrown his spear dashed in among
the foremost fighters, to the place where he had seen it sM
ground; meanwhile Hector recovered himself and springing back into
his chariot mingled with the crowd, by which means he saved his life.
But Diomed made at him with his spear and said, "Dog, you have again
got away though death was close on your heels. Phoebus Apollo, to
whom I ween you pray ere you go into battle, has again saved you,
nevertheless I will meet you and make and end of you hereafter, if
there is any god who will stand by me too and be my helper. For the
present I must pursue those IM
can lay hands on."
As he spoke he began stripping the spoils from the son of Paeon, but
Alexandrus husband of lovely Helen aimed an arrow at him, leaning
against a pillar of the monument which men had raised to Ilus son
of Dardanus, a ruler in days of old. Diomed had taken the cuirass
from off the breast of Agastrophus, his heavy helmet also, and the
shield from off his shoulders, when Paris drew his bow and let fly
an arrow that sped not from his hand in vain, but pierced the flat
of Diomed's right fooM
t, going right through it and fixing itself in
the ground. Thereon Paris with a hearty laugh sprang forward from
his hiding-place, and taunted him saying, "You are wounded- my arrow
has not been shot in vain; would that it had hit you in the belly
and killed you, for thus the Trojans, who fear you as goats fear a
lion, would have had a truce from evil."
Diomed all undaunted answered, "Archer, you who without your bow are
nothing, slanderer and seducer, if you were to be tried in single
full armour, your bow and your arrows would serve
you in little stead. Vain is your boast in that you have scratched
the sole of my foot. I care no more than if a girl or some silly boy
had hit me. A worthless coward can inflict but a light wound; when
I wound a man though I but graze his skin it is another matter, for
my weapon will lay him low. His wife will tear her cheeks for grief
and his children will be fatherless: there will he rot, reddening
the earth with his blood, and vultures, not women, will gM
Thus he spoke, but Ulysses came up and stood over him. Under this
cover he sat down to draw the arrow from his foot, and sharp was the
pain he suffered as he did so. Then he sprang on to his chariot and
bade the charioteer drive him to the ships, for he was sick at heart.
Ulysses was now alone; not one of the Argives stood by him, for they
were all panic-stricken. "Alas," said he to himself in his dismay,
"what will become of me? It is ill if I turn and fly before these
will be worse if I am left alone and taken prisoner,
for the son of Saturn has struck the rest of the Danaans with panic.
But why talk to myself in this way? Well do I know that though cowards
quit the field, a hero, whether he wound or be wounded, must stand
firm and hold his own."
While he was thus in two minds, the ranks of the Trojans advanced
and hemmed him in, and bitterly did they come to me it. As hounds
and lusty youths set upon a wild boar that sallies from his lair whetting
his white tusks- thM
ey attack him from every side and can hear the
gnashing of his jaws, but for all his fierceness they still hold their
ground- even so furiously did the Trojans attack Ulysses. First he
sprang spear in hand upon Deiopites and wounded him on the shoulder
with a downward blow; then he killed Thoon and Ennomus. After these
he struck Chersidamas in the loins under his shield as he had just
sprung down from his chariot; so he fell in the dust and clutched
the earth in the hollow of his hand. These he let lie, and M
to wound Charops son of Hippasus own brother to noble Socus. Socus,
hero that he was, made all speed to help him, and when he was close
to Ulysses he said, "Far-famed Ulysses, insatiable of craft and toil,
this day you shall either boast of having killed both the sons of
Hippasus and stripped them of their armour, or you shall fall before
With these words he struck the shield of Ulysses. The spear went through
the shield and passed on through his richly wrought cuirass, tearing
esh from his side, but Pallas Minerva did not suffer it to pierce
the entrails of the hero. Ulysses knew that his hour was not yet come,
but he gave ground and said to Socus, "Wretch, you shall now surely
die. You have stayed me from fighting further with the Trojans, but
you shall now fall by my spear, yielding glory to myself, and your
soul to Hades of the noble steeds."
Socus had turned in flight, but as he did so, the spear struck him
in the back midway between the shoulders, and went right through hiM
chest. He fell heavily to the ground and Ulysses vaunted over him
saying, "O Socus, son of Hippasus tamer of horses, death has been
too quick for you and you have not escaped him: poor wretch, not even
in death shall your father and mother close your eyes, but the ravening
vultures shall enshroud you with the flapping of their dark wings
and devour you. Whereas even though I fall the Achaeans will give
me my due rites of burial."
So saying he drew Socus's heavy spear out of his flesh and from his
ld, and the blood welled forth when the spear was withdrawn so
that he was much dismayed. When the Trojans saw that Ulysses was bleeding
they raised a great shout and came on in a body towards him; he therefore
gave ground, and called his comrades to come and help him. Thrice
did he cry as loudly as man can cry, and thrice did brave Menelaus
hear him; he turned, therefore, to Ajax who was close beside him and
said, "Ajax, noble son of Telamon, captain of your people, the cry
of Ulysses rings in my ears, as tM
hough the Trojans had cut him off
and were worsting him while he is single-handed. Let us make our way
through the throng; it will be well that we defend him; I fear he
may come to harm for all his valour if he be left without support,
and the Danaans would miss him sorely."
He led the way and mighty Ajax went with him. The Trojans had gathered
round Ulysses like ravenous mountain jackals round the carcase of
some homed stag that has been hit with an arrow- the stag has fled
at full speed so long as his M
blood was warm and his strength has lasted,
but when the arrow has overcome him, the savage jackals devour him
in the shady glades of the forest. Then heaven sends a fierce lion
thither, whereon the jackals fly in terror and the lion robs them
of their prey- even so did Trojans many and brave gather round crafty
Ulysses, but the hero stood at bay and kept them off with his spear.
Ajax then came up with his shield before him like a wall, and stood
hard by, whereon the Trojans fled in all directions. Menelaus M
Ulysses by the hand, and led him out of the press while his squire
brought up his chariot, but Ajax rushed furiously on the Trojans and
killed Doryclus, a bastard son of Priam; then he wounded Pandocus,
Lysandrus, Pyrasus, and Pylartes; as some swollen torrent comes rushing
in full flood from the mountains on to the plain, big with the rain
of heaven- many a dry oak and many a pine does it engulf, and much
mud does it bring down and cast into the sea- even so did brave Ajax
chase the foe furiously overM
the plain, slaying both men and horses.
Hector did not yet know what Ajax was doing, for he was fighting on
the extreme left of the battle by the banks of the river Scamander,
where the carnage was thickest and the war-cry loudest round Nestor
and brave Idomeneus. Among these Hector was making great slaughter
with his spear and furious driving, and was destroying the ranks that
were opposed to him; still the Achaeans would have given no ground,
had not Alexandrus husband of lovely Helen stayed the prowessM
shepherd of his people, by wounding him in the right shoulder with
a triple-barbed arrow. The Achaeans were in great fear that as the
fight had turned against them the Trojans might take him prisoner,
and Idomeneus said to Nestor, "Nestor son of Neleus, honour to the
Achaean name, mount your chariot at once; take Machaon with you and
drive your horses to the ships as fast as you can. A physician is
worth more than several other men put together, for he can cut out
arrows and spread healing herbsM
Nestor knight of Gerene did as Idomeneus had counselled; he at once
mounted his chariot, and Machaon son of the famed physician Aesculapius
went with him. He lashed his horses and they flew onward nothing loth
towards the ships, as though of their own free will.
Then Cebriones seeing the Trojans in confusion said to Hector from
his place beside him, "Hector, here are we two fighting on the extreme
wing of the battle, while the other Trojans are in pell-mell rout,
they and their horses. Ajax son of M
Telamon is driving them before
him; I know him by the breadth of his shield: let us turn our chariot
and horses thither, where horse and foot are fighting most desperately,
and where the cry of battle is loudest."
With this he lashed his goodly steeds, and when they felt the whip
they drew the chariot full speed among the Achaeans and Trojans, over
the bodies and shields of those that had fallen: the axle was bespattered
with blood, and the rail round the car was covered with splashes both
s' hoofs and from the tyres of the wheels. Hector tore
his way through and flung himself into the thick of the fight, and
his presence threw the Danaans into confusion, for his spear was not
long idle; nevertheless though he went among the ranks with sword
and spear, and throwing great stones, he avoided Ajax son of Telamon,
for Jove would have been angry with him if he had fought a better
Then father Jove from his high throne struck fear into the heart of
Ajax, so that he stood there dM
azed and threw his shield behind him-
looking fearfully at the throng of his foes as though he were some
wild beast, and turning hither and thither but crouching slowly backwards.
As peasants with their hounds chase a lion from their stockyard, and
watch by night to prevent his carrying off the pick of their herd-
he makes his greedy spring, but in vain, for the darts from many a
strong hand fall thick around him, with burning brands that scare
him for all his fury, and when morning comes he slinks foiled anM
angry away- even so did Ajax, sorely against his will, retreat angrily
before the Trojans, fearing for the ships of the Achaeans. Or as some
lazy ass that has had many a cudgel broken about his back, when he
into a field begins eating the corn- boys beat him but he is too many
for them, and though they lay about with their sticks they cannot
hurt him; still when he has had his fill they at last drive him from
the field- even so did the Trojans and their allies pursue great Ajax,
ever smiting the middle ofM
his shield with their darts. Now and again
he would turn and show fight, keeping back the battalions of the Trojans,
and then he would again retreat; but he prevented any of them from
making his way to the ships. Single-handed he stood midway between
the Trojans and Achaeans: the spears that sped from their hands stuck
some of them in his mighty shield, while many, though thirsting for
his blood, fell to the ground ere they could reach him to the wounding
Now when Eurypylus the brave M
son of Euaemon saw that Ajax was being
overpowered by the rain of arrows, he went up to him and hurled his
spear. He struck Apisaon son of Phausius in the liver below the midriff,
and laid him low. Eurypylus sprang upon him, and stripped the armour
from his shoulders; but when Alexandrus saw him, he aimed an arrow
at him which struck him in the right thigh; the arrow broke, but the
point that was left in the wound dragged on the thigh; he drew back,
therefore, under cover of his comrades to save his life, shM
as he did so to the Danaans, "My friends, princes and counsellors
of the Argives, rally to the defence of Ajax who is being overpowered,
and I doubt whether he will come out of the fight alive. Hither, then,
to the rescue of great Ajax son of Telamon."
Even so did he cry when he was wounded; thereon the others came near,
and gathered round him, holding their shields upwards from their shoulders
so as to give him cover. Ajax then made towards them, and turned round
to stand at bay as soon as he hadM
Thus then did they fight as it were a flaming fire. Meanwhile the
mares of Neleus, all in a lather with sweat, were bearing Nestor out
of the fight, and with him Machaon shepherd of his people. Achilles
saw and took note, for he was standing on the stern of his ship watching
the hard stress and struggle of the fight. He called from the ship
to his comrade Patroclus, who heard him in the tent and came out looking
like Mars himself- here indeed was the beginning of the ill that presently
befell him. "Why," said he, "Achilles do you call me? what do you
what do you want with me?" And Achilles answered, "Noble son of Menoetius,
man after my own heart, I take it that I shall now have the Achaeans
praying at my knees, for they are in great straits; go, Patroclus,
and ask Nestor who is that he is bearing away wounded from the field;
from his back I should say it was Machaon son of Aesculapius, but
I could not see his face for the horses went by me at full speed."
Patroclus did as his dear comraM
de had bidden him, and set off running
by the ships and tents of the Achaeans.
When Nestor and Machaon had reached the tents of the son of Neleus,
they dismounted, and an esquire, Eurymedon, took the horses from the
chariot. The pair then stood in the breeze by the seaside to dry the
sweat from their shirts, and when they had so done they came inside
and took their seats. Fair Hecamede, whom Nestor had had awarded to
him from Tenedos when Achilles took it, mixed them a mess; she was
daughter of wise ArsiM
nous, and the Achaeans had given her to Nestor
because he excelled all of them in counsel. First she set for them
a fair and well-made table that had feet of cyanus; on it there was
a vessel of bronze and an onion to give relish to the drink, with
honey and cakes of barley-meal. There was also a cup of rare workmanship
which the old man had brought with him from home, studded with bosses
of gold; it had four handles, on each of which there were two golden
doves feeding, and it had two feet to stand on. Any oM
hardly have been able to lift it from the table when it was full,
but Nestor could do so quite easily. In this the woman, as fair as
a goddess, mixed them a mess with Pramnian wine; she grated goat's
milk cheese into it with a bronze grater, threw in a handful of white
barley-meal, and having thus prepared the mess she bade them drink
it. When they had done so and had thus quenched their thirst, they
fell talking with one another, and at this moment Patroclus appeared
old man saw him he sprang from his seat, seized his hand,
led him into the tent, and bade him take his place among them; but
Patroclus stood where he was and said, "Noble sir, I may not stay,
you cannot persuade me to come in; he that sent me is not one to be
trifled with, and he bade me ask who the wounded man was whom you
were bearing away from the field. I can now see for myself that he
is Machaon shepherd of his people. I must go back and tell Achilles.
You, sir, know what a terrible man he is, and how M
where no blame should lie."
And Nestor answered, "Why should Achilles care to know how many of
the Achaeans may be wounded? He recks not of the dismay that reigns
in our host; our most valiant chieftains lie disabled, brave Diomed
son of Tydeus is wounded; so are Ulysses and Agamemnon; Eurypylus
has been hit with an arrow in the thigh, and I have just been bringing
this man from the field- he too wounded- with an arrow; nevertheless
Achilles, so valiant though he be, cares not and knoM
he wait till the ships, do what we may, are in a blaze, and we perish
one upon the other? As for me, I have no strength nor stay in me any
longer; would that I Were still young and strong as in the days when
there was a fight between us and the men of Elis about some cattle-raiding.
I then killed Itymoneus the valiant son of Hypeirochus a dweller in
Elis, as I was driving in the spoil; he was hit by a dart thrown my
hand while fighting in the front rank in defence of his cows, so he
d the country people around him were in great fear. We drove
off a vast quantity of booty from the plain, fifty herds of cattle
and as many flocks of sheep; fifty droves also of pigs, and as many
wide-spreading flocks of goats. Of horses moreover we seized a hundred
and fifty, all of them mares, and many had foals running with them.
All these did we drive by night to Pylus the city of Neleus, taking
them within the city; and the heart of Neleus was glad in that I had
taken so much, though it was the first tiM
me I had ever been in the
field. At daybreak the heralds went round crying that all in Elis
to whom there was a debt owing should come; and the leading Pylians
assembled to divide the spoils. There were many to whom the Epeans
owed chattels, for we men of Pylus were few and had been oppressed
with wrong; in former years Hercules had come, and had laid his hand
heavy upon us, so that all our best men had perished. Neleus had had
twelve sons, but I alone was left; the others had all been killed.
esuming upon all this had looked down upon us and had
done us much evil. My father chose a herd of cattle and a great flock
of sheep- three hundred in all- and he took their shepherds with him,
for there was a great debt due to him in Elis, to wit four horses,
winners of prizes. They and their chariots with them had gone to the
games and were to run for a tripod, but King Augeas took them, and
sent back their driver grieving for the loss of his horses. Neleus
was angered by what he had both said and done, anM
in return, but he divided the rest, that no man might have less than
"Thus did we order all things, and offer sacrifices to the gods throughout
the city; but three days afterwards the Epeans came in a body, many
in number, they and their chariots, in full array, and with them the
two Moliones in their armour, though they were still lads and unused
to fighting. Now there is a certain town, Thryoessa, perched upon
a rock on the river Alpheus, the border city Pylus; this tM
destroy, and pitched their camp about it, but when they had crossed
their whole plain, Minerva darted down by night from Olympus and bade
us set ourselves in array; and she found willing soldiers in Pylos,
for the men meant fighting. Neleus would not let me arm, and hid my
horses, for he said that as yet I could know nothing about war; nevertheless
Minerva so ordered the fight that, all on foot as I was, I fought
among our mounted forces and vied with the foremost of them. There
s that falls into the sea near Arene, and there
they that were mounted (and I with them) waited till morning, when
the companies of foot soldiers came up with us in force. Thence in
full panoply and equipment we came towards noon to the sacred waters
of the Alpheus, and there we offered victims to almighty Jove, with
a bull to Alpheus, another to Neptune, and a herd-heifer to Minerva.
After this we took supper in our companies, and laid us down to rest
each in his armour by the river.
"The Epeans were beM
leaguering the city and were determined to take
it, but ere this might be there was a desperate fight in store for
them. When the sun's rays began to fall upon the earth we joined battle,
praying to Jove and to Minerva, and when the fight had begun, I was
the first to kill my man and take his horses- to wit the warrior Mulius.
He was son-in-law to Augeas, having married his eldest daughter, golden-haired
Agamede, who knew the virtues of every herb which grows upon the face
of the earth. I speared him as he wM
as coming towards me, and when
he fell headlong in the dust, I sprang upon his chariot and took my
place in the front ranks. The Epeans fled in all directions when they
saw the captain of their horsemen (the best man they had) laid low,
and I swept down on them like a whirlwind, taking fifty chariots-
and in each of them two men bit the dust, slain by my spear. I should
have even killed the two Moliones sons of Actor, unless their real
father, Neptune lord of the earthquake, had hidden them in a thick
and borne them out of the fight. Thereon Jove vouchsafed the
Pylians a great victory, for we chased them far over the plain, killing
the men and bringing in their armour, till we had brought our horses
to Buprasium rich in wheat and to the Olenian rock, with the hill
that is called Alision, at which point Minerva turned the people back.
There I slew the last man and left him; then the Achaeans drove their
horses back from Buprasium to Pylos and gave thanks to Jove among
the gods, and among mortal men to NestM
"Such was I among my peers, as surely as ever was, but Achilles is
for keeping all his valour for himself; bitterly will he rue it hereafter
when the host is being cut to pieces. My good friend, did not Menoetius
charge you thus, on the day when he sent you from Phthia to Agamemnon?
Ulysses and I were in the house, inside, and heard all that he said
to you; for we came to the fair house of Peleus while beating up recruits
throughout all Achaea, and when we got there we found Menoetius and
nd Achilles with you. The old knight Peleus was in the
outer court, roasting the fat thigh-bones of a heifer to Jove the
lord of thunder; and he held a gold chalice in his hand from which
he poured drink-offerings of wine over the burning sacrifice. You
two were busy cutting up the heifer, and at that moment we stood at
the gates, whereon Achilles sprang to his feet, led us by the hand
into the house, placed us at table, and set before us such hospitable
entertainment as guests expect. When we had satisfied M
meat and drink, I said my say and urged both of you to join us. You
were ready enough to do so, and the two old men charged you much and
straitly. Old Peleus bade his son Achilles fight ever among the foremost
and outvie his peers, while Menoetius the son of Actor spoke thus
to you: 'My son,' said he, 'Achilles is of nobler birth than you are,
but you are older than he, though he is far the better man of the
two. Counsel him wisely, guide him in the right way, and he will follow
n profit.' Thus did your father charge you, but you have
forgotten; nevertheless, even now, say all this to Achilles if he
will listen to you. Who knows but with heaven's help you may talk
him over, for it is good to take a friend's advice. If, however, he
is fearful about some oracle, or if his mother has told him something
from Jove, then let him send you, and let the rest of the Myrmidons
follow with you, if perchance you may bring light and saving to the
Danaans. And let him send you into battle clad in M
that the Trojans may mistake you for him and leave off fighting; the
sons of the Achaeans may thus have time to get their breath, for they
are hard pressed and there is little breathing time in battle. You,
who are fresh, might easily drive a tired enemy back to his walls
and away from the tents and ships."
With these words he moved the heart of Patroclus, who set off running
by the line of the ships to Achilles, descendant of Aeacus. When he
had got as far as the ships of Ulysses, where M
was their place of assembly
and court of justice, with their altars dedicated to the gods, Eurypylus
son of Euaemon met him, wounded in the thigh with an arrow, and limping
out of the fight. Sweat rained from his head and shoulders, and black
blood welled from his cruel wound, but his mind did not wander. The
son of Menoetius when he saw him had compassion upon him and spoke
piteously saying, "O unhappy princes and counsellors of the Danaans,
are you then doomed to feed the hounds of Troy with your fat, far
from your friends and your native land? say, noble Eurypylus, will
the Achaeans be able to hold great Hector in check, or will they fall
now before his spear?"
Wounded Eurypylus made answer, "Noble Patroclus, there is no hope
left for the Achaeans but they will perish at their ships. All they
that were princes among us are lying struck down and wounded at the
hands of the Trojans, who are waxing stronger and stronger. But save
me and take me to your ship; cut out the arrow from my thigh; wash
blood from off it with warm water, and lay upon it those
gracious herbs which, so they say, have been shown you by Achilles,
who was himself shown them by Chiron, most righteous of all the centaurs.
For of the physicians Podalirius and Machaon, I hear that the one
is lying wounded in his tent and is himself in need of healing, while
the other is fighting the Trojans upon the plain."
"Hero Eurypylus," replied the brave son of Menoetius, "how may these
things be? What can I do? I am on my way to bear a messM
Achilles from Nestor of Gerene, bulwark of the Achaeans, but even
so I will not be unmindful your distress."
With this he clasped him round the middle and led him into the tent,
and a servant, when he saw him, spread bullock-skins on the ground
for him to lie on. He laid him at full length and cut out the sharp
arrow from his thigh; he washed the black blood from the wound with
warm water; he then crushed a bitter herb, rubbing it between his
hands, and spread it upon the wound; this was a vM
killed all pain; so the wound presently dried and the blood left off
----------------------------------------------------------------------
So the son of Menoetius was attending to the hurt of Eurypylus within
the tent, but the Argives and Trojans still fought desperately, nor
were the trench and the high wall above it, to keep the Trojans in
check longer. They had built it to protect their ships, and had dug
the trench all round it that it might safeguard both tM
the rich spoils which they had taken, but they had not offered hecatombs
to the gods. It had been built without the consent of the immortals,
and therefore it did not last. So long as Hector lived and Achilles
nursed his anger, and so long as the city of Priam remained untaken,
the great wall of the Achaeans stood firm; but when the bravest of
the Trojans were no more, and many also of the Argives, though some
were yet left alive when, moreover, the city was sacked in the tenth
gives had gone back with their ships to their own
country- then Neptune and Apollo took counsel to destroy the wall,
and they turned on to it the streams of all the rivers from Mount
Ida into the sea, Rhesus, Heptaporus, Caresus, Rhodius, Grenicus,
Aesopus, and goodly Scamander, with Simois, where many a shield and
helm had fallen, and many a hero of the race of demigods had bitten
the dust. Phoebus Apollo turned the mouths of all these rivers together
and made them flow for nine days against the wall, whileM
the whole time that he might wash it sooner into the sea. Neptune
himself, trident in hand, surveyed the work and threw into the sea
all the foundations of beams and stones which the Achaeans had laid
with so much toil; he made all level by the mighty stream of the Hellespont,
and then when he had swept the wall away he spread a great beach of
sand over the place where it had been. This done he turned the rivers
back into their old courses.
This was what Neptune and Apollo were to do in afteM
yet battle and turmoil were still raging round the wall till its timbers
rang under the blows that rained upon them. The Argives, cowed by
the scourge of Jove, were hemmed in at their ships in fear of Hector
the mighty minister of Rout, who as heretofore fought with the force
and fury of a whirlwind. As a lion or wild boar turns fiercely on
the dogs and men that attack him, while these form solid wall and
shower their javelins as they face him- his courage is all undaunted,
t will be the death of him; many a time does he
charge at his pursuers to scatter them, and they fall back as often
as he does so- even so did Hector go about among the host exhorting
his men, and cheering them on to cross the trench.
But the horses dared not do so, and stood neighing upon its brink,
for the width frightened them. They could neither jump it nor cross
it, for it had overhanging banks all round upon either side, above
which there were the sharp stakes that the sons of the Achaeans had
ted so close and strong as a defence against all who would assail
it; a horse, therefore, could not get into it and draw his chariot
after him, but those who were on foot kept trying their very utmost.
Then Polydamas went up to Hector and said, "Hector, and you other
captains of the Trojans and allies, it is madness for us to try and
drive our horses across the trench; it will be very hard to cross,
for it is full of sharp stakes, and beyond these there is the wall.
Our horses therefore cannot get down into M
it, and would be of no use
if they did; moreover it is a narrow place and we should come to harm.
If, indeed, great Jove is minded to help the Trojans, and in his anger
will utterly destroy the Achaeans, I would myself gladly see them
perish now and here far from Argos; but if they should rally and we
are driven back from the ships pell-mell into the trench there will
be not so much as a man get back to the city to tell the tale. Now,
therefore, let us all do as I say; let our squires hold our horses
trench, but let us follow Hector in a body on foot, clad in
full armour, and if the day of their doom is at hand the Achaeans
will not be able to withstand us."
Thus spoke Polydamas and his saying pleased Hector, who sprang in
full armour to the ground, and all the other Trojans, when they saw
him do so, also left their chariots. Each man then gave his horses
over to his charioteer in charge to hold them ready for him at the
trench. Then they formed themselves into companies, made themselves
in five bodies followed their leaders. Those that went
with Hector and Polydamas were the bravest and most in number, and
the most determined to break through the wall and fight at the ships.
Cebriones was also joined with them as third in command, for Hector
had left his chariot in charge of a less valiant soldier. The next
company was led by Paris, Alcathous, and Agenor; the third by Helenus
and Deiphobus, two sons of Priam, and with them was the hero Asius-
Asius the son of Hyrtacus, whose great black horM
ses of the breed that
comes from the river Selleis had brought him from Arisbe. Aeneas the
valiant son of Anchises led the fourth; he and the two sons of Antenor,
Archelochus and Acamas, men well versed in all the arts of war. Sarpedon
was captain over the allies, and took with him Glaucus and Asteropaeus
whom he deemed most valiant after himself- for he was far the best
man of them all. These helped to array one another in their ox-hide
shields, and then charged straight at the Danaans, for they felt sure
that they would not hold out longer and that they should themselves
now fall upon the ships.
The rest of the Trojans and their allies now followed the counsel
of Polydamas but Asius son of Hyrtacus would not leave his horses
and his esquire behind him; in his foolhardiness he took them on with
him towards the ships, nor did he fail to come by his end in consequence.
Nevermore was he to return to wind-beaten Ilius, exulting in his chariot
and his horses; ere he could do so, death of ill-omened name had oveM
him and he had fallen by the spear of Idomeneus the noble son of Deucalion.
He had driven towards the left wing of the ships, by which way the
Achaeans used to return with their chariots and horses from the plain.
Hither he drove and found the gates with their doors opened wide,
and the great bar down- for the gatemen kept them open so as to let
those of their comrades enter who might be flying towards the ships.
Hither of set purpose did he direct his horses, and his men followed
cry, for they felt sure that the Achaeans would not
hold out longer, and that they should now fall upon the ships. Little
did they know that at the gates they should find two of the bravest
chieftains, proud sons of the fighting Lapithae- the one, Polypoetes,
mighty son of Pirithous, and the other Leonteus, peer of murderous
Mars. These stood before the gates like two high oak trees upon the
mountains, that tower from their wide-spreading roots, and year after
year battle with wind and rain- even so did thesM
onset of great Asius confidently and without flinching. The Trojans
led by him and by Iamenus, Orestes, Adamas the son of Asius, Thoon
and Oenomaus, raised a loud cry of battle and made straight for the
wall, holding their shields of dry ox-hide above their heads; for
a while the two defenders remained inside and cheered the Achaeans
on to stand firm in the defence of their ships; when, however, they
saw that the Trojans were attacking the wall, while the Danaans were
crying out for helpM
and being routed, they rushed outside and fought
in front of the gates like two wild boars upon the mountains that
abide the attack of men and dogs, and charging on either side break
down the wood all round them tearing it up by the roots, and one can
hear the clattering of their tusks, till some one hits them and makes
an end of them- even so did the gleaming bronze rattle about their
breasts, as the weapons fell upon them; for they fought with great
fury, trusting to their own prowess and to those who werM
above them. These threw great stones at their assailants in defence
of themselves their tents and their ships. The stones fell thick as
the flakes of snow which some fierce blast drives from the dark clouds
and showers down in sheets upon the earth- even so fell the weapons
from the hands alike of Trojans and Achaeans. Helmet and shield rang
out as the great stones rained upon them, and Asius the son of Hyrtacus
in his dismay cried aloud and smote his two thighs. "Father Jove,"
truth you too are altogether given to lying. I made
sure the Argive heroes could not withstand us, whereas like slim-waisted
wasps, or bees that have their nests in the rocks by the wayside-
they leave not the holes wherein they have built undefended, but fight
for their little ones against all who would take them- even so these
men, though they be but two, will not be driven from the gates, but
stand firm either to slay or be slain."
He spoke, but moved not the mind of Jove, whose counsel it then was
o give glory to Hector. Meanwhile the rest of the Trojans were fighting
about the other gates; I, however, am no god to be able to tell about
all these things, for the battle raged everywhere about the stone
wall as it were a fiery furnace. The Argives, discomfited though they
were, were forced to defend their ships, and all the gods who were
defending the Achaeans were vexed in spirit; but the Lapithae kept
on fighting with might and main.
Thereon Polypoetes, mighty son of Pirithous, hit Damasus with a sM
upon his cheek-pierced helmet. The helmet did not protect him, for
the point of the spear went through it, and broke the bone, so that
the brain inside was scattered about, and he died fighting. He then
slew Pylon and Ormenus. Leonteus, of the race of Mars, killed Hippomachus
the son of Antimachus by striking him with his spear upon the girdle.
He then drew his sword and sprang first upon Antiphates whom he killed
in combat, and who fell face upwards on the earth. After him he killed
d Orestes, and laid them low one after the other.
While they were busy stripping the armour from these heroes, the youths
who were led on by Polydamas and Hector (and these were the greater
part and the most valiant of those that were trying to break through
the wall and fire the ships) were still standing by the trench, uncertain
what they should do; for they had seen a sign from heaven when they
had essayed to cross it- a soaring eagle that flew skirting the left
wing of their host, with a monstrous blooM
d-red snake in its talons
still alive and struggling to escape. The snake was still bent on
revenge, wriggling and twisting itself backwards till it struck the
bird that held it, on the neck and breast; whereon the bird being
in pain, let it fall, dropping it into the middle of the host, and
then flew down the wind with a sharp cry. The Trojans were struck
with terror when they saw the snake, portent of aegis-bearing Jove,
writhing in the midst of them, and Polydamas went up to Hector and
our councils of war you are ever given to rebuke
me, even when I speak wisely, as though it were not well, forsooth,
that one of the people should cross your will either in the field
or at the council board; you would have them support you always: nevertheless
I will say what I think will be best; let us not now go on to fight
the Danaans at their ships, for I know what will happen if this soaring
eagle which skirted the left wing of our with a monstrous blood-red
snake in its talons (the snake being still aM
live) was really sent
as an omen to the Trojans on their essaying to cross the trench. The
eagle let go her hold; she did not succeed in taking it home to her
little ones, and so will it be- with ourselves; even though by a mighty
effort we break through the gates and wall of the Achaeans, and they
give way before us, still we shall not return in good order by the
way we came, but shall leave many a man behind us whom the Achaeans
will do to death in defence of their ships. Thus would any seer who
t in these matters, and was trusted by the people, read the
Hector looked fiercely at him and said, "Polydamas, I like not of
your reading. You can find a better saying than this if you will.
If, however, you have spoken in good earnest, then indeed has heaven
robbed you of your reason. You would have me pay no heed to the counsels
of Jove, nor to the promises he made me- and he bowed his head in
confirmation; you bid me be ruled rather by the flight of wild-fowl.
What care I whether they fly tM
owards dawn or dark, and whether they
be on my right hand or on my left? Let us put our trust rather in
the counsel of great Jove, king of mortals and immortals. There is
one omen, and one only- that a man should fight for his country. Why
are you so fearful? Though we be all of us slain at the ships of the
Argives you are not likely to be killed yourself, for you are not
steadfast nor courageous. If you will. not fight, or would talk others
over from doing so, you shall fall forthwith before my spear."
ith these words he led the way, and the others followed after with
a cry that rent the air. Then Jove the lord of thunder sent the blast
of a mighty wind from the mountains of Ida, that bore the dust down
towards the ships; he thus lulled the Achaeans into security, and
gave victory to Hector and to the Trojans, who, trusting to their
own might and to the signs he had shown them, essayed to break through
the great wall of the Achaeans. They tore down the breastworks from
the walls, and overthrew the battlemeM
nts; they upheaved the buttresses,
which the Achaeans had set in front of the wall in order to support
it; when they had pulled these down they made sure of breaking through
the wall, but the Danaans still showed no sign of giving ground; they
still fenced the battlements with their shields of ox-hide, and hurled
their missiles down upon the foe as soon as any came below the wall.
The two Ajaxes went about everywhere on the walls cheering on the
Achaeans, giving fair words to some while they spoke sharply M
one whom they saw to be remiss. "My friends," they cried, "Argives
one and all- good bad and indifferent, for there was never fight yet,
in which all were of equal prowess- there is now work enough, as you
very well know, for all of you. See that you none of you turn in flight
towards the ships, daunted by the shouting of the foe, but press forward
and keep one another in heart, if it may so be that Olympian Jove
the lord of lightning will vouchsafe us to repel our foes, and drive
them back towards tM
Thus did the two go about shouting and cheering the Achaeans on. As
the flakes that fall thick upon a winter's day, when Jove is minded
to snow and to display these his arrows to mankind- he lulls the wind
to rest, and snows hour after hour till he has buried the tops of
the high mountains, the headlands that jut into the sea, the grassy
plains, and the tilled fields of men; the snow lies deep upon the
forelands, and havens of the grey sea, but the waves as they come
rolling in stay it that it M
can come no further, though all else is
wrapped as with a mantle so heavy are the heavens with snow- even
thus thickly did the stones fall on one side and on the other, some
thrown at the Trojans, and some by the Trojans at the Achaeans; and
the whole wall was in an uproar.
Still the Trojans and brave Hector would not yet have broken down
the gates and the great bar, had not Jove turned his son Sarpedon
against the Argives as a lion against a herd of horned cattle. Before
him he held his shield of hammerM
ed bronze, that the smith had beaten
so fair and round, and had lined with ox hides which he had made fast
with rivets of gold all round the shield; this he held in front of
him, and brandishing his two spears came on like some lion of the
wilderness, who has been long famished for want of meat and will dare
break even into a well-fenced homestead to try and get at the sheep.
He may find the shepherds keeping watch over their flocks with dogs
and spears, but he is in no mind to be driven from the fold till hM
has had a try for it; he will either spring on a sheep and carry it
off, or be hit by a spear from strong hand- even so was Sarpedon fain
to attack the wall and break down its battlements. Then he said to
Glaucus son of Hippolochus, "Glaucus, why in Lycia do we receive especial
honour as regards our place at table? Why are the choicest portions
served us and our cups kept brimming, and why do men look up to us
as though we were gods? Moreover we hold a large estate by the banks
of the river Xanthus, fair M
with orchard lawns and wheat-growing land;
it becomes us, therefore, to take our stand at the head of all the
Lycians and bear the brunt of the fight, that one may say to another,
Our princes in Lycia eat the fat of the land and drink best of wine,
but they are fine fellows; they fight well and are ever at the front
in battle.' My good friend, if, when we were once out of this fight,
we could escape old age and death thenceforward and for ever, I should
neither press forward myself nor bid you do so, but deaM
shapes hangs ever over our heads, and no man can elude him; therefore
let us go forward and either win glory for ourselves, or yield it
Glaucus heeded his saying, and the pair forthwith led on the host
of Lycians. Menestheus son of Peteos was dismayed when he saw them,
for it was against his part of the wall that they came- bringing destruction
with them; he looked along the wall for some chieftain to support
his comrades and saw the two Ajaxes, men ever eager for the frayM
and Teucer, who had just come from his tent, standing near them; but
he could not make his voice heard by shouting to them, so great an
uproar was there from crashing shields and helmets and the battering
of gates with a din which reached the skies. For all the gates had
been closed, and the Trojans were hammering at them to try and break
their way through them. Menestheus, therefore, sent Thootes with a
message to Ajax. "Run, good Thootes," said and call Ajax, or better
still bid both come, for it will bM
e all over with us here directly;
the leaders of the Lycians are upon us, men who have ever fought desperately
heretofore. But if the have too much on their hands to let them come,
at any rate let Ajax son of Telamon do so, and let Teucer the famous
bowman come with him."
The messenger did as he was told, and set off running along the wall
of the Achaeans. When he reached the Ajaxes he said to them, "Sirs,
princes of the Argives, the son of noble Peteos bids you come to him
for a while and help him. You M
had better both come if you can, or
it will be all over with him directly; the leaders of the Lycians
are upon him, men who have ever fought desperately heretofore; if
you have too much on your hands to let both come, at any rate let
Ajax son of Telamon do so, and let Teucer the famous bowman come with
Great Ajax, son of Telamon, heeded the message, and at once spoke
to the son of Oileus. "Ajax," said he, "do you two, yourself and brave
Lycomedes, stay here and keep the Danaans in heart to fight thM
hardest. I will go over yonder, and bear my part in the fray, but
I will come back here at once as soon as I have given them the help
With this, Ajax son of Telamon set off, and Teucer his brother by
the same father went also, with Pandion to carry Teucer's bow. They
went along inside the wall, and when they came to the tower where
Menestheus was (and hard pressed indeed did they find him) the brave
captains and leaders of the Lycians were storming the battlements
as it were a thick darkM
cloud, fighting in close quarters, and raising
the battle-cry aloud.
First, Ajax son of Telamon killed brave Epicles, a comrade of Sarpedon,
hitting him with a jagged stone that lay by the battlements at the
very top of the wall. As men now are, even one who is in the bloom
of youth could hardly lift it with his two hands, but Ajax raised
it high aloft and flung it down, smashing Epicles' four-crested helmet
so that the bones of his head were crushed to pieces, and he fell
from the high wall as though hM
e were diving, with no more life left
in him. Then Teucer wounded Glaucus the brave son of Hippolochus as
he was coming on to attack the wall. He saw his shoulder bare and
aimed an arrow at it, which made Glaucus leave off fighting. Thereon
he sprang covertly down for fear some of the Achaeans might see that
he was wounded and taunt him. Sarpedon was stung with grief when he
saw Glaucus leave him, still he did not leave off fighting, but aimed
his spear at Alcmaon the son of Thestor and hit him. He drew his M
back again Alcmaon came down headlong after it with his bronzed armour
rattling round him. Then Sarpedon seized the battlement in his strong
hands, and tugged at it till it an gave way together, and a breach
was made through which many might pass.
Ajax and Teucer then both of them attacked him. Teucer hit him with
an arrow on the band that bore the shield which covered his body,
but Jove saved his son from destruction that he might not fall by
the ships' sterns. Meanwhile Ajax sprang on him and pieM
but the spear did not go clean through, though it hustled him back
that he could come on no further. He therefore retired a little space
from the battlement, yet without losing all his ground, for he still
thought to cover himself with glory. Then he turned round and shouted
to the brave Lycians saying, "Lycians, why do you thus fail me? For
all my prowess I cannot break through the wall and open a way to the
ships single-handed. Come close on behind me, for the more there are
The Lycians, shamed by his rebuke, pressed closer round him who was
their counsellor their king. The Argives on their part got their men
in fighting order within the wall, and there was a deadly struggle
between them. The Lycians could not break through the wall and force
their way to the ships, nor could the Danaans drive the Lycians from
the wall now that they had once reached it. As two men, measuring-rods
in hand, quarrel about their boundaries in a field that they own in
common, and stickle foM
r their rights though they be but in a mere
strip, even so did the battlements now serve as a bone of contention,
and they beat one another's round shields for their possession. Many
a man's body was wounded with the pitiless bronze, as he turned round
and bared his back to the foe, and many were struck clean through
their shields; the wall and battlements were everywhere deluged with
the blood alike of Trojans and of Achaeans. But even so the Trojans
could not rout the Achaeans, who still held on; and as soM
hard-working woman weighs wool in her balance and sees that the scales
be true, for she would gain some pitiful earnings for her little ones,
even so was the fight balanced evenly between them till the time came
when Jove gave the greater glory to Hector son of Priam, who was first
to spring towards the wall of the Achaeans. As he did so, he cried
aloud to the Trojans, "Up, Trojans, break the wall of the Argives,
and fling fire upon their ships."
Thus did he hound them on, and in one body they M
the wall as he had bidden them, and scaled the battlements with sharp
spears in their hands. Hector laid hold of a stone that lay just outside
the gates and was thick at one end but pointed at the other; two of
the best men in a town, as men now are, could hardly raise it from
the ground and put it on to a waggon, but Hector lifted it quite easily
by himself, for the son of scheming Saturn made it light for him.
As a shepherd picks up a ram's fleece with one hand and finds it no
o easily did Hector lift the great stone and drive it right
at the doors that closed the gates so strong and so firmly set. These
doors were double and high, and were kept closed by two cross-bars
to which there was but one key. When he had got close up to them,
Hector strode towards them that his blow might gain in force and struck
them in the middle, leaning his whole weight against them. He broke
both hinges, and the stone fell inside by reason of its great weight.
The portals re-echoed with the sound, thM
e bars held no longer, and
the doors flew open, one one way, and the other the other, through
the force of the blow. Then brave Hector leaped inside with a face
as dark as that of flying night. The gleaming bronze flashed fiercely
about his body and he had tow spears in his hand. None but a god could
have withstood him as he flung himself into the gateway, and his eyes
glared like fire. Then he turned round towards the Trojans and called
on them to scale the wall, and they did as he bade them- some of them
at once climbing over the wall, while others passed through the gates.
The Danaans then fled panic-stricken towards their ships, and all
was uproar and confusion.
(CONTINUED AT ETCHING.NET)
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text/plain;charset=utf-8
Now when Jove had thus brought Hector and the Trojans to the ships,
he left them to their never-ending toil, and turned his keen eyes
away, looking elsewhither towards the horse-breeders of Thrace, the
Mysians, fighters at close quarters, the noble Hippemolgi, who live
on milk, and the Abians, justest of mankind. He no longer turned so
much as a glance towards Troy, for he did not think that any of the
immortals would go and help either Trojans or DanaM
But King Neptune had kept no blind look-out; he had been looking admiringly
on the battle from his seat on the topmost crests of wooded Samothrace,
whence he could see all Ida, with the city of Priam and the ships
of the Achaeans. He had come from under the sea and taken his place
here, for he pitied the Achaeans who were being overcome by the Trojans;
and he was furiously angry with Jove.
Presently he came down from his post on the mountain top, and as he
strode swiftly onwards the high hills anM
d the forest quaked beneath
the tread of his immortal feet. Three strides he took, and with the
fourth he reached his goal- Aegae, where is his glittering golden
palace, imperishable, in the depths of the sea. When he got there,
he yoked his fleet brazen-footed steeds with their manes of gold all
flying in the wind; he clothed himself in raiment of gold, grasped
his gold whip, and took his stand upon his chariot. As he went his
way over the waves the sea-monsters left their lairs, for they knew
and came gambolling round him from every quarter of the
deep, while the sea in her gladness opened a path before his chariot.
So lightly did the horses fly that the bronze axle of the car was
not even wet beneath it; and thus his bounding steeds took him to
the ships of the Achaeans.
Now there is a certain huge cavern in the depths of the sea midway
between Tenedos and rocky Imbrus; here Neptune lord of the earthquake
stayed his horses, unyoked them, and set before them their ambrosial
their feet with hobbles of gold which none could
either unloose or break, so that they might stay there in that place
until their lord should return. This done he went his way to the host
Now the Trojans followed Hector son of Priam in close array like a
storm-cloud or flame of fire, fighting with might and main and raising
the cry battle; for they deemed that they should take the ships of
the Achaeans and kill all their chiefest heroes then and there. Meanwhile
earth-encircling NeptuneM
lord of the earthquake cheered on the Argives,
for he had come up out of the sea and had assumed the form and voice
First he spoke to the two Ajaxes, who were doing their best already,
and said, "Ajaxes, you two can be the saving of the Achaeans if you
will put out all your strength and not let yourselves be daunted.
I am not afraid that the Trojans, who have got over the wall in force,
will be victorious in any other part, for the Achaeans can hold all
of them in check, but I much fear thatM
some evil will befall us here
where furious Hector, who boasts himself the son of great Jove himself,
is leading them on like a pillar of flame. May some god, then, put
it into your hearts to make a firm stand here, and to incite others
to do the like. In this case you will drive him from the ships even
though he be inspired by Jove himself."
As he spoke the earth-encircling lord of the earthquake struck both
of them with his sceptre and filled their hearts with daring. He made
their legs light and actiM
ve, as also their hands and their feet. Then,
as the soaring falcon poises on the wing high above some sheer rock,
and presently swoops down to chase some bird over the plain, even
so did Neptune lord of the earthquake wing his flight into the air
and leave them. Of the two, swift Ajax son of Oileus was the first
to know who it was that had been speaking with them, and said to Ajax
son of Telamon, "Ajax, this is one of the gods that dwell on Olympus,
who in the likeness of the prophet is bidding us fight harM
ships. It was not Calchas the seer and diviner of omens; I knew him
at once by his feet and knees as he turned away, for the gods are
soon recognised. Moreover I feel the lust of battle burn more fiercely
within me, while my hands and my feet under me are more eager for
And Ajax son of Telamon answered, "I too feel my hands grasp my spear
more firmly; my strength is greater, and my feet more nimble; I long,
moreover, to meet furious Hector son of Priam, even in single combat."
did they converse, exulting in the hunger after battle with which
the god had filled them. Meanwhile the earth-encircler roused the
Achaeans, who were resting in the rear by the ships overcome at once
by hard fighting and by grief at seeing that the Trojans had got over
the wall in force. Tears began falling from their eyes as they beheld
them, for they made sure that they should not escape destruction;
but the lord of the earthquake passed lightly about among them and
urged their battalions to the front.
First he went up to Teucer and Leitus, the hero Peneleos, and Thoas
and Deipyrus; Meriones also and Antilochus, valiant warriors; all
did he exhort. "Shame on you young Argives," he cried, "it was on
your prowess I relied for the saving of our ships; if you fight not
with might and main, this very day will see us overcome by the Trojans.
Of a truth my eyes behold a great and terrible portent which I had
never thought to see- the Trojans at our ships- they, who were heretofore
like panic-stricken hinds, thM
e prey of jackals and wolves in a forest,
with no strength but in flight for they cannot defend themselves.
Hitherto the Trojans dared not for one moment face the attack of the
Achaeans, but now they have sallied far from their city and are fighting
at our very ships through the cowardice of our leader and the disaffection
of the people themselves, who in their discontent care not to fight
in defence of the ships but are being slaughtered near them. True,
King Agamemnon son of Atreus is the cause of our disaM
insulted the son of Peleus, still this is no reason why we should
leave off fighting. Let us be quick to heal, for the hearts of the
brave heal quickly. You do ill to be thus remiss, you, who are the
finest soldiers in our whole army. I blame no man for keeping out
of battle if he is a weakling, but I am indignant with such men as
you are. My good friends, matters will soon become even worse through
this slackness; think, each one of you, of his own honour and credit,
for the hazard of the fiM
ght is extreme. Great Hector is now fighting
at our ships; he has broken through the gates and the strong bolt
Thus did the earth-encircler address the Achaeans and urge them on.
Thereon round the two Ajaxes there gathered strong bands of men, of
whom not even Mars nor Minerva, marshaller of hosts could make light
if they went among them, for they were the picked men of all those
who were now awaiting the onset of Hector and the Trojans. They made
a living fence, spear to spear, shield tM
o shield, buckler to buckler,
helmet to helmet, and man to man. The horse-hair crests on their gleaming
helmets touched one another as they nodded forward, so closely seffied
were they; the spears they brandished in their strong hands were interlaced,
and their hearts were set on battle.
The Trojans advanced in a dense body, with Hector at their head pressing
right on as a rock that comes thundering down the side of some mountain
from whose brow the winter torrents have torn it; the foundations
ll thing have been loosened by floods of rain, and as it
bounds headlong on its way it sets the whole forest in an uproar;
it swerves neither to right nor left till it reaches level ground,
but then for all its fury it can go no further- even so easily did
Hector for a while seem as though he would career through the tents
and ships of the Achaeans till he had reached the sea in his murderous
course; but the closely serried battalions stayed him when he reached
them, for the sons of the Achaeans thrust at hiM
m with swords and spears
pointed at both ends, and drove him from them so that he staggered
and gave ground; thereon he shouted to the Trojans, "Trojans, Lycians,
and Dardanians, fighters in close combat, stand firm: the Achaeans
have set themselves as a wall against me, but they will not check
me for long; they will give ground before me if the mightiest of the
gods, the thundering spouse of Juno, has indeed inspired my onset."
With these words he put heart and soul into them all. Deiphobus son
went about among them intent on deeds of daring with his
round shield before him, under cover of which he strode quickly forward.
Meriones took aim at him with a spear, nor did he fail to hit the
broad orb of ox-hide; but he was far from piercing it for the spear
broke in two pieces long ere he could do so; moreover Deiphobus had
seen it coming and had held his shield well away from him. Meriones
drew back under cover of his comrades, angry alike at having failed
to vanquish Deiphobus, and having broken his M
spear. He turned therefore
towards the ships and tents to fetch a spear which he had left behind
The others continued fighting, and the cry of battle rose up into
the heavens. Teucer son of Telamon was the first to kill his man,
to wit, the warrior Imbrius son of Mentor rich in horses. Until the
Achaeans came he had lived in Pedaeum, and had married Medesicaste
a bastard daughter of Priam; but on the arrival of the Danaan fleet
he had gone back to Ilius, and was a great man among the TrojansM
dwelling near Priam himself, who gave him like honour with his own
sons. The son of Telamon now struck him under the ear with a spear
which he then drew back again, and Imbrius fell headlong as an ash-tree
when it is felled on the crest of some high mountain beacon, and its
delicate green foliage comes toppling down to the ground. Thus did
he fall with his bronze-dight armour ringing harshly round him, and
Teucer sprang forward with intent to strip him of his armour; but
as he was doing so, Hector took aiM
m at him with a spear. Teucer saw
the spear coming and swerved aside, whereon it hit Amphimachus, son
of Cteatus son of Actor, in the chest as he was coming into battle,
and his armour rang rattling round him as he fell heavily to the ground.
Hector sprang forward to take Amphimachus's helmet from off his temples,
and in a moment Ajax threw a spear at him, but did not wound him,
for he was encased all over in his terrible armour; nevertheless the
spear struck the boss of his shield with such force as to drivM
back from the two corpses, which the Achaeans then drew off. Stichius
and Menestheus, captains of the Athenians, bore away Amphimachus to
the host of the Achaeans, while the two brave and impetuous Ajaxes
did the like by Imbrius. As two lions snatch a goat from the hounds
that have it in their fangs, and bear it through thick brushwood high
above the ground in their jaws, thus did the Ajaxes bear aloft the
body of Imbrius, and strip it of its armour. Then the son of Oileus
severed the head from the neM
ck in revenge for the death of Amphimachus,
and sent it whirling over the crowd as though it had been a ball,
till fell in the dust at Hector's feet.
Neptune was exceedingly angry that his grandson Amphimachus should
have fallen; he therefore went to the tents and ships of the Achaeans
to urge the Danaans still further, and to devise evil for the Trojans.
Idomeneus met him, as he was taking leave of a comrade, who had just
come to him from the fight, wounded in the knee. His fellow-soldiers
the field, and Idomeneus having given orders to the physicians
went on to his tent, for he was still thirsting for battle. Neptune
spoke in the likeness and with the voice of Thoas son of Andraemon
who ruled the Aetolians of all Pleuron and high Calydon, and was honoured
among his people as though he were a god. "Idomeneus," said he, "lawgiver
to the Cretans, what has now become of the threats with which the
sons of the Achaeans used to threaten the Trojans?"
And Idomeneus chief among the Cretans answeredM
, "Thoas, no one, so
far as I know, is in fault, for we can all fight. None are held back
neither by fear nor slackness, but it seems to be the of almighty
Jove that the Achaeans should perish ingloriously here far from Argos:
you, Thoas, have been always staunch, and you keep others in heart
if you see any fail in duty; be not then remiss now, but exhort all
to do their utmost."
To this Neptune lord of the earthquake made answer, "Idomeneus, may
he never return from Troy, but remain here for dogs to batM
who is this day wilfully slack in fighting. Get your armour and go,
we must make all haste together if we may be of any use, though we
are only two. Even cowards gain courage from companionship, and we
two can hold our own with the bravest."
Therewith the god went back into the thick of the fight, and Idomeneus
when he had reached his tent donned his armour, grasped his two spears,
and sallied forth. As the lightning which the son of Saturn brandishes
from bright Olympus when he would show a siM
gn to mortals, and its
gleam flashes far and wide- even so did his armour gleam about him
as he ran. Meriones his sturdy squire met him while he was still near
his tent (for he was going to fetch his spear) and Idomeneus said
"Meriones, fleet son of Molus, best of comrades, why have you left
the field? Are you wounded, and is the point of the weapon hurting
you? or have you been sent to fetch me? I want no fetching; I had
far rather fight than stay in my tent."
"Idomeneus," answered Meriones, "I come fM
or a spear, if I can find
one in my tent; I have broken the one I had, in throwing it at the
shield of Deiphobus."
And Idomeneus captain of the Cretans answered, "You will find one
spear, or twenty if you so please, standing up against the end wall
of my tent. I have taken them from Trojans whom I have killed, for
I am not one to keep my enemy at arm's length; therefore I have spears,
bossed shields, helmets, and burnished corslets."
Then Meriones said, "I too in my tent and at my ship have spoils takM
from the Trojans, but they are not at hand. I have been at all times
valorous, and wherever there has been hard fighting have held my own
among the foremost. There may be those among the Achaeans who do not
know how I fight, but you know it well enough yourself."
Idomeneus answered, "I know you for a brave man: you need not tell
me. If the best men at the ships were being chosen to go on an ambush-
and there is nothing like this for showing what a man is made of;
it comes out then who is cowardly and wM
ho brave; the coward will change
colour at every touch and turn; he is full of fears, and keeps shifting
his weight first on one knee and then on the other; his heart beats
fast as he thinks of death, and one can hear the chattering of his
teeth; whereas the brave man will not change colour nor be on finding
himself in ambush, but is all the time longing to go into action-
if the best men were being chosen for such a service, no one could
make light of your courage nor feats of arms. If you were struck by
dart or smitten in close combat, it would not be from behind, in
your neck nor back, but the weapon would hit you in the chest or belly
as you were pressing forward to a place in the front ranks. But let
us no longer stay here talking like children, lest we be ill spoken
of; go, fetch your spear from the tent at once."
On this Meriones, peer of Mars, went to the tent and got himself a
spear of bronze. He then followed after Idomeneus, big with great
deeds of valour. As when baneful Mars sallies forth to M
his son Panic so strong and dauntless goes with him, to strike terror
even into the heart of a hero- the pair have gone from Thrace to arm
themselves among the Ephyri or the brave Phlegyans, but they will
not listen to both the contending hosts, and will give victory to
one side or to the other- even so did Meriones and Idomeneus, captains
of men, go out to battle clad in their bronze armour. Meriones was
first to speak. "Son of Deucalion," said he, "where would you have
us begin fighting? On thM
e right wing of the host, in the centre, or
on the left wing, where I take it the Achaeans will be weakest?"
Idomeneus answered, "There are others to defend the centre- the two
Ajaxes and Teucer, who is the finest archer of all the Achaeans, and
is good also in a hand-to-hand fight. These will give Hector son of
Priam enough to do; fight as he may, he will find it hard to vanquish
their indomitable fury, and fire the ships, unless the son of Saturn
fling a firebrand upon them with his own hand. Great Ajax M
will yield to no man who is in mortal mould and eats the grain of
Ceres, if bronze and great stones can overthrow him. He would not
yield even to Achilles in hand-to-hand fight, and in fleetness of
foot there is none to beat him; let us turn therefore towards the
left wing, that we may know forthwith whether we are to give glory
to some other, or he to us."
Meriones, peer of fleet Mars, then led the way till they came to the
part of the host which Idomeneus had named.
ans saw Idomeneus coming on like a flame of fire,
him and his squire clad in their richly wrought armour, they shouted
and made towards him all in a body, and a furious hand-to-hand fight
raged under the ships' sterns. Fierce as the shrill winds that whistle
upon a day when dust lies deep on the roads, and the gusts raise it
into a thick cloud- even such was the fury of the combat, and might
and main did they hack at each other with spear and sword throughout
the host. The field bristled with the long and deM
they bore. Dazzling was the sheen of their gleaming helmets, their
fresh-burnished breastplates, and glittering shields as they joined
battle with one another. Iron indeed must be his courage who could
take pleasure in the sight of such a turmoil, and look on it without
Thus did the two mighty sons of Saturn devise evil for mortal heroes.
Jove was minded to give victory to the Trojans and to Hector, so as
to do honour to fleet Achilles, nevertheless he did not mean to utM
overthrow the Achaean host before Ilius, and only wanted to glorify
Thetis and her valiant son. Neptune on the other hand went about among
the Argives to incite them, having come up from the grey sea in secret,
for he was grieved at seeing them vanquished by the Trojans, and was
furiously angry with Jove. Both were of the same race and country,
but Jove was elder born and knew more, therefore Neptune feared to
defend the Argives openly, but in the likeness of man, he kept on
encouraging them throughouM
t their host. Thus, then, did these two
devise a knot of war and battle, that none could unloose or break,
and set both sides tugging at it, to the failing of men's knees beneath
And now Idomeneus, though his hair was already flecked with grey,
called loud on the Danaans and spread panic among the Trojans as he
leaped in among them. He slew Othryoneus from Cabesus, a sojourner,
who had but lately come to take part in the war. He sought Cassandra
the fairest of Priam's daughters in marriage, but offM
of wooing, for he promised a great thing, to wit, that he would drive
the sons of the Achaeans willy nilly from Troy; old King Priam had
given his consent and promised her to him, whereon he fought on the
strength of the promises thus made to him. Idomeneus aimed a spear,
and hit him as he came striding on. His cuirass of bronze did not
protect him, and the spear stuck in his belly, so that he fell heavily
to the ground. Then Idomeneus vaunted over him saying, "Othryoneus,
there is no one in tM
he world whom I shall admire more than I do you,
if you indeed perform what you have promised Priam son of Dardanus
in return for his daughter. We too will make you an offer; we will
give you the loveliest daughter of the son of Atreus, and will bring
her from Argos for you to marry, if you will sack the goodly city
of Ilius in company with ourselves; so come along with me, that we
may make a covenant at the ships about the marriage, and we will not
be hard upon you about gifts of wooing."
eneus began dragging him by the foot through the thick
of the fight, but Asius came up to protect the body, on foot, in front
of his horses which his esquire drove so close behind him that he
could feel their 'breath upon his shoulder. He was longing to strike
down Idomeneus, but ere he could do so Idomeneus smote him with his
spear in the throat under the chin, and the bronze point went clean
through it. He fell as an oak, or poplar, or pine which shipwrights
have felled for ship's timber upon the mountainsM
even thus did he lie full length in front of his chariot and horses,
grinding his teeth and clutching at the bloodstained just. His charioteer
was struck with panic and did not dare turn his horses round and escape:
thereupon Antilochus hit him in the middle of his body with a spear;
his cuirass of bronze did not protect him, and the spear stuck in
his belly. He fell gasping from his chariot and Antilochus great Nestor's
son, drove his horses from the Trojans to the Achaeans.
s then came close up to Idomeneus to avenge Asius, and took
aim at him with a spear, but Idomeneus was on the look-out and avoided
it, for he was covered by the round shield he always bore- a shield
of oxhide and bronze with two arm-rods on the inside. He crouched
under cover of this, and the spear flew over him, but the shield rang
out as the spear grazed it, and the weapon sped not in vain from the
strong hand of Deiphobus, for it struck Hypsenor son of Hippasus,
shepherd of his people, in the liver under M
the midriff, and his limbs
failed beneath him. Deiphobus vaunted over him and cried with a loud
voice saying, "Of a truth Asius has not fallen unavenied; he will
be glad even while passing into the house of Hades, strong warden
of the gate, that I have sent some one to escort him."
Thus did he vaunt, and the Argives were stung by his saying. Noble
Antilochus was more angry than any one, but grief did not make him
forget his friend and comrade. He ran up to him, bestrode him, and
covered him with his shieM
ld; then two of his staunch comrades, Mecisteus
son of Echius, and Alastor stooped down, and bore him away groaning
heavily to the ships. But Idomeneus ceased not his fury. He kept on
striving continually either to enshroud some Trojan in the darkness
of death, or himself to fall while warding off the evil day from the
Achaeans. Then fell Alcathous son of noble Aesyetes: he was son-in-law
to Anchises, having married his eldest daughter Hippodameia who was
the darling of her father and mother, and excelled alM
in beauty, accomplishments, and understanding, wherefore the bravest
man in all Troy had taken her to wife- him did Neptune lay low by
the hand of Idomeneus, blinding his bright eyes and binding his strong
limbs in fetters so that he could neither go back nor to one side,
but stood stock still like pillar or lofty tree when Idomeneus struck
him with a spear in the middle of his chest. The coat of mail that
had hitherto protected his body was now broken, and rang harshly as
rough it. He fell heavily to the ground, and the
spear stuck in his heart, which still beat, and made the butt-end
of the spear quiver till dread Mars put an end to his life. Idomeneus
vaunted over him and cried with a loud voice saying, "Deiphobus, since
you are in a mood to vaunt, shall we cry quits now that we have killed
three men to your one? Nay, sir, stand in fight with me yourself,
that you may learn what manner of Jove-begotten man am I that have
come hither. Jove first begot Minos chief ruler in CrM
in his turn begot a son, noble Deucalion; Deucalion begot me to be
a ruler over many men in Crete, and my ships have now brought me hither,
to be the bane of yourself, your father, and the Trojans."
Thus did he speak, and Deiphobus was in two minds, whether to go back
and fetch some other Trojan to help him, or to take up the challenge
single-handed. In the end, he deemed it best to go and fetch Aeneas,
whom he found standing in the rear, for he had long been aggrieved
with Priam because inM
spite his brave deeds he did not give him his
due share of honour. Deiphobus went up to him and said, "Aeneas, prince
among the Trojans, if you know any ties of kinship, help me now to
defend the body of your sister's husband; come with me to the rescue
of Alcathous, who being husband to your sister brought you up when
you were a child in his house, and now Idomeneus has slain him."
With these words he moved the heart of Aeneas, and he went in pursuit
of Idomeneus, big with great deeds of valour; but IdomM
to be thus daunted as though he were a mere child; he held his ground
as a wild boar at bay upon the mountains, who abides the coming of
a great crowd of men in some lonely place- the bristles stand upright
on his back, his eyes flash fire, and he whets his tusks in his eagerness
to defend himself against hounds and men- even so did famed Idomeneus
hold his ground and budge not at the coming of Aeneas. He cried aloud
to his comrades looking towards Ascalaphus, Aphareus, Deipyrus, Meriones,
Antilochus, all of them brave soldiers- "Hither my friends," he
cried, "and leave me not single-handed- I go in great fear by fleet
Aeneas, who is coming against me, and is a redoubtable dispenser of
death battle. Moreover he is in the flower of youth when a man's strength
is greatest; if I was of the same age as he is and in my present mind,
either he or I should soon bear away the prize of victory
On this, all of them as one man stood near him, shield on shoulder.
Aeneas on the other side called to his M
comrades, looking towards Deiphobus,
Paris, and Agenor, who were leaders of the Trojans along with himself,
and the people followed them as sheep follow the ram when they go
down to drink after they have been feeding, and the heart of the shepherd
is glad- even so was the heart of Aeneas gladdened when he saw his
Then they fought furiously in close combat about the body of Alcathous,
wielding their long spears; and the bronze armour about their bodies
rang fearfully as they took aim atM
one another in the press of the
fight, while the two heroes Aeneas and Idomeneus, peers of Mars, outxied
every one in their desire to hack at each other with sword and spear.
Aeneas took aim first, but Idomeneus was on the lookout and avoided
the spear, so that it sped from Aeneas' strong hand in vain, and fell
quivering in the ground. Idomeneus meanwhile smote Oenomaus in the
middle of his belly, and broke the plate of his corslet, whereon his
bowels came gushing out and he clutched the earth in the palms M
his hands as he fell sprawling in the dust. Idomeneus drew his spear
out of the body, but could not strip him of the rest of his armour
for the rain of darts that were showered upon him: moreover his strength
was now beginning to fail him so that he could no longer charge, and
could neither spring forward to recover his own weapon nor swerve
aside to avoid one that was aimed at him; therefore, though he still
defended himself in hand-to-hand fight, his heavy feet could not bear
him swiftly out of the batM
tle. Deiphobus aimed a spear at him as he
was retreating slowly from the field, for his bitterness against him
was as fierce as ever, but again he missed him, and hit Ascalaphus,
the son of Mars; the spear went through his shoulder, and he clutched
the earth in the palms of his hands as he fell sprawling in the dust.
Grim Mars of awful voice did not yet know that his son had fallen,
for he was sitting on the summits of Olympus under the golden clouds,
by command of Jove, where the other gods were also sittM
to take part in the battle. Meanwhile men fought furiously about the
body. Deiphobus tore the helmet from off his head, but Meriones sprang
upon him, and struck him on the arm with a spear so that the visored
helmet fell from his hand and came ringing down upon the ground. Thereon
Meriones sprang upon him like a vulture, drew the spear from his shoulder,
and fell back under cover of his men. Then Polites, own brother of
Deiphobus passed his arms around his waist, and bore him away from
ttle till he got to his horses that were standing in the rear
of the fight with the chariot and their driver. These took him towards
the city groaning and in great pain, with the blood flowing from his
The others still fought on, and the battle-cry rose to heaven without
ceasing. Aeneas sprang on Aphareus son of Caletor, and struck him
with a spear in his throat which was turned towards him; his head
fell on one side, his helmet and shield came down along with him,
and death, life's foe, was shed arM
ound him. Antilochus spied his chance,
flew forward towards Thoon, and wounded him as he was turning round.
He laid open the vein that runs all the way up the back to the neck;
he cut this vein clean away throughout its whole course, and Thoon
fell in the dust face upwards, stretching out his hands imploringly
towards his comrades. Antilochus sprang upon him and stripped the
armour from his shoulders, glaring round him fearfully as he did so.
The Trojans came about him on every side and struck his broad and
gleaming shield, but could not wound his body, for Neptune stood guard
over the son of Nestor, though the darts fell thickly round him. He
was never clear of the foe, but was always in the thick of the fight;
his spear was never idle; he poised and aimed it in every direction,
so eager was he to hit some one from a distance or to fight him hand
As he was thus aiming among the crowd, he was seen by Adamas son of
Asius, who rushed towards him and struck him with a spear in the middle
d, but Neptune made its point without effect, for he grudged
him the life of Antilochus. One half, therefore, of the spear stuck
fast like a charred stake in Antilochus's shield, while the other
lay on the ground. Adamas then sought shelter under cover of his men,
but Meriones followed after and hit him with a spear midway between
the private parts and the navel, where a wound is particualrly painful
to wretched mortals. There did Meriones transfix him, and he writhed
convulsively about the spear as some bulM
l whom mountain herdsmen have
bound with ropes of withes and are taking away perforce. Even so did
he move convulsively for a while, but not for very long, till Meriones
came up and drew the spear out of his body, and his eyes were veiled
Helenus then struck Deipyrus with a great Thracian sword, hitting
him on the temple in close combat and tearing the helmet from his
head; the helmet fell to the ground, and one of those who were fighting
on the Achaean side took charge of it as it rolled atM
the eyes of Deipyrus were closed in the darkness of death.
On this Menelaus was grieved, and made menacingly towards Helenus,
brandishing his spear; but Helenus drew his bow, and the two attacked
one another at one and the same moment, the one with his spear, and
the other with his bow and arrow. The son of Priam hit the breastplate
of Menelaus's corslet, but the arrow glanced from off it. As black
beans or pulse come pattering down on to a threshing-floor from the
broad winnowing-shovel, bM
lown by shrill winds and shaken by the shovel-
even so did the arrow glance off and recoil from the shield of Menelaus,
who in his turn wounded the hand with which Helenus carried his bow;
the spear went right through his hand and stuck in the bow itself,
so that to his life he retreated under cover of his men, with his
hand dragging by his side- for the spear weighed it down till Agenor
drew it out and bound the hand carefully up in a woollen sling which
his esquire had with him.
Pisander then made straM
ight at Menelaus- his evil destiny luring him
on to his doom, for he was to fall in fight with you, O Menelaus.
When the two were hard by one another the spear of the son of Atreus
turned aside and he missed his aim; Pisander then struck the shield
of brave Menelaus but could not pierce it, for the shield stayed the
spear and broke the shaft; nevertheless he was glad and made sure
of victory; forthwith, however, the son of Atreus drew his sword and
sprang upon him. Pisander then seized the bronze battle-axe,M
its long and polished handle of olive wood that hung by his side under
his shield, and the two made at one another. Pisander struck the peak
of Menelaus's crested helmet just under the crest itself, and Menelaus
hit Pisander as he was coming towards him, on the forehead, just at
the rise of his nose; the bones cracked and his two gore-bedrabbled
eyes fell by his feet in the dust. He fell backwards to the ground,
and Menelaus set his heel upon him, stripped him of his armour, and
vaunted over him sayinM
g, "Even thus shall you Trojans leave the ships
of the Achaeans, proud and insatiate of battle though you be: nor
shall you lack any of the disgrace and shame which you have heaped
upon myself. Cowardly she-wolves that you are, you feared not the
anger of dread Jove, avenger of violated hospitality, who will one
day destroy your city; you stole my wedded wife and wickedly carried
off much treasure when you were her guest, and now you would fling
fire upon our ships, and kill our heroes. A day will come when,M
as you may, you shall be stayed. O father Jove, you, who they say
art above all both gods and men in wisdom, and from whom all things
that befall us do proceed, how can you thus favour the Trojans- men
so proud and overweening, that they are never tired of fighting? All
things pall after a while- sleep, love, sweet song, and stately dance-
still these are things of which a man would surely have his fill rather
than of battle, whereas it is of battle that the Trojans are insatiate."
s stripped the blood-stained armour from the body
of Pisander, and handed it over to his men; then he again ranged himself
among those who were in the front of the fight.
Harpalion son of King Pylaemenes then sprang upon him; he had come
to fight at Troy along with his father, but he did not go home again.
He struck the middle of Menelaus's shield with his spear but could
not pierce it, and to save his life drew back under cover of his men,
looking round him on every side lest he should be wounded. But MeM
aimed a bronze-tipped arrow at him as he was leaving the field, and
hit him on the right buttock; the arrow pierced the bone through and
through, and penetrated the bladder, so he sat down where he was and
breathed his last in the arms of his comrades, stretched like a worm
upon the ground and watering the earth with the blood that flowed
from his wound. The brave Paphlagonians tended him with all due care;
they raised him into his chariot, and bore him sadly off to the city
of Troy; his father went M
also with him weeping bitterly, but there
was no ransom that could bring his dead son to life again.
Paris was deeply grieved by the death of Harpalion, who was his host
when he went among the Paphlagonians; he aimed an arrow, therefore,
in order to avenge him. Now there was a certain man named Euchenor,
son of Polyidus the prophet, a brave man and wealthy, whose home was
in Corinth. This Euchenor had set sail for Troy well knowing that
it would be the death of him, for his good old father Polyidus had
ten told him that he must either stay at home and die of a terrible
disease, or go with the Achaeans and perish at the hands of the Trojans;
he chose, therefore, to avoid incurring the heavy fine the Achaeans
would have laid upon him, and at the same time to escape the pain
and suffering of disease. Paris now smote him on the jaw under his
ear, whereon the life went out of him and he was enshrouded in the
Thus then did they fight as it were a flaming fire. But Hector had
and did not know that the Argives were making havoc
of his men on the left wing of the battle, where the Achaeans ere
long would have triumphed over them, so vigorously did Neptune cheer
them on and help them. He therefore held on at the point where he
had first forced his way through the gates and the wall, after breaking
through the serried ranks of Danaan warriors. It was here that the
ships of Ajax and Protesilaus were drawn up by the sea-shore; here
the wall was at its lowest, and the fight both of manM
most fiercely. The Boeotians and the Ionians with their long tunics,
the Locrians, the men of Phthia, and the famous force of the Epeans
could hardly stay Hector as he rushed on towards the ships, nor could
they drive him from them, for he was as a wall of fire. The chosen
men of the Athenians were in the van, led by Menestheus son of Peteos,
with whom were also Pheidas, Stichius, and stalwart Bias: Meges son
of Phyleus, Amphion, and Dracius commanded the Epeans, while Medon
arces led the men of Phthia. Of these, Medon was bastard
son to Oileus and brother of Ajax, but he lived in Phylace away from
his own country, for he had killed the brother of his stepmother Eriopis,
the wife of Oileus; the other, Podarces, was the son of Iphiclus son
of Phylacus. These two stood in the van of the Phthians, and defended
the ships along with the Boeotians.
Ajax son of Oileus never for a moment left the side of Ajax son of
Telamon, but as two swart oxen both strain their utmost at the plougM
which they are drawing in a fallow field, and the sweat steams upwards
from about the roots of their horns- nothing but the yoke divides
them as they break up the ground till they reach the end of the field-
even so did the two Ajaxes stand shoulder to shoulder by one another.
Many and brave comrades followed the son of Telamon, to relieve him
of his shield when he was overcome with sweat and toil, but the Locrians
did not follow so close after the son of Oileus, for they could not
hold their own in a hanM
d-to-hand fight. They had no bronze helmets
with plumes of horse-hair, neither had they shields nor ashen spears,
but they had come to Troy armed with bows, and with slings of twisted
wool from which they showered their missiles to break the ranks of
the Trojans. The others, therefore, with their heavy armour bore the
brunt of the fight with the Trojans and with Hector, while the Locrians
shot from behind, under their cover; and thus the Trojans began to
lose heart, for the arrows threw them into confusion. M
The Trojans would now have been driven in sorry plight from the ships
and tents back to windy Ilius, had not Polydamas presently said to
Hector, "Hector, there is no persuading you to take advice. Because
heaven has so richly endowed you with the arts of war, you think that
you must therefore excel others in counsel; but you cannot thus claim
preeminence in all things. Heaven has made one man an excellent soldier;
of another it has made a dancer or a singer and player on the lyre;
while yet in another JoM
ve has implanted a wise understanding of which
men reap fruit to the saving of many, and he himself knows more about
it than any one; therefore I will say what I think will be best. The
fight has hemmed you in as with a circle of fire, and even now that
the Trojans are within the wall some of them stand aloof in full armour,
while others are fighting scattered and outnumbered near the ships.
Draw back, therefore, and call your chieftains round you, that we
may advise together whether to fall now upon the shiM
that heaven may vouchsafe us victory, or to beat a retreat while we
can yet safely do so. I greatly fear that the Achaeans will pay us
their debt of yesterday in full, for there is one abiding at their
ships who is never weary of battle, and who will not hold aloof much
Thus spoke Polydamas, and his words pleased Hector well. He sprang
in full armour from his chariot and said, "Polydamas, gather the chieftains
here; I will go yonder into the fight, but will return at once when
have given them their orders."
He then sped onward, towering like a snowy mountain, and with a loud
cry flew through the ranks of the Trojans and their allies. When they
heard his voice they all hastened to gather round Polydamas the excellent
son of Panthous, but Hector kept on among the foremost, looking everywhere
to find Deiphobus and prince Helenus, Adamas son of Asius, and Asius
son of Hyrtacus; living, indeed, and scatheless he could no longer
find them, for the two last were lying by the sterns ofM
ships, slain by the Argives, while the others had been also stricken
and wounded by them; but upon the left wing of the dread battle he
found Alexandrus, husband of lovely Helen, cheering his men and urging
them on to fight. He went up to him and upbraided him. "Paris," said
he, "evil-hearted Paris, fair to see but woman-mad and false of tongue,
where are Deiphobus and King Helenus? Where are Adamas son of Asius,
and Asius son of Hyrtacus? Where too is Othryoneus? Ilius is undone
Alexandrus answered, "Hector, why find fault when there is no one
to find fault with? I should hold aloof from battle on any day rather
than this, for my mother bore me with nothing of the coward about
me. From the moment when you set our men fighting about the ships
we have been staying here and doing battle with the Danaans. Our comrades
about whom you ask me are dead; Deiphobus and King Helenus alone have
left the field, wounded both of them in the hand, but the son of Saturn
live. Now, therefore, lead on where you would have us
go, and we will follow with right goodwill; you shall not find us
fail you in so far as our strength holds out, but no man can do more
than in him lies, no matter how willing he may be."
With these words he satisfied his brother, and the two went towards
the part of the battle where the fight was thickest, about Cebriones,
brave Polydamas, Phalces, Orthaeus, godlike Polyphetes, Palmys, Ascanius,
and Morys son of Hippotion, who had come from fertile AscM
preceding day to relieve other troops. Then Jove urged them on to
fight. They flew forth like the blasts of some fierce wind that strike
earth in the van of a thunderstorm- they buffet the salt sea into
an uproar; many and mighty are the great waves that come crashing
in one after the other upon the shore with their arching heads all
crested with foam- even so did rank behind rank of Trojans arrayed
in gleaming armour follow their leaders onward. The way was led by
Hector son of Priam, peer of mM
urderous Mars, with his round shield
before him- his shield of ox-hides covered with plates of bronze-
and his gleaming helmet upon his temples. He kept stepping forward
under cover of his shield in every direction, making trial of the
ranks to see if they would give way be him, but he could not daunt
the courage of the Achaeans. Ajax was the first to stride out and
challenge him. "Sir," he cried, "draw near; why do you think thus
vainly to dismay the Argives? We Achaeans are excellent soldiers,
urge of Jove has fallen heavily upon us. Your heart, forsooth,
is set on destroying our ships, but we too have bands that can keep
you at bay, and your own fair town shall be sooner taken and sacked
by ourselves. The time is near when you shall pray Jove and all the
gods in your flight, that your steeds may be swifter than hawks as
they raise the dust on the plain and bear you back to your city."
As he was thus speaking a bird flew by upon his right hand, and the
host of the Achaeans shouted, for they tookM
heart at the omen. But
Hector answered, "Ajax, braggart and false of tongue, would that I
were as sure of being son for evermore to aegis-bearing Jove, with
Queen Juno for my mother, and of being held in like honour with Minerva
and Apollo, as I am that this day is big with the destruction of the
Achaeans; and you shall fall among them if you dare abide my spear;
it shall rend your fair body and bid you glut our hounds and birds
of prey with your fat and your flesh, as you fall by the ships of
With these words he led the way and the others followed after with
a cry that rent the air, while the host shouted behind them. The Argives
on their part raised a shout likewise, nor did they forget their prowess,
but stood firm against the onslaught of the Trojan chieftains, and
the cry from both the hosts rose up to heaven and to the brightness
of Jove's presence.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Nestor was sitting over his wine, but the cry of M
battle did not escape
him, and he said to the son of Aesculapius, "What, noble Machaon,
is the meaning of all this? The shouts of men fighting by our ships
grow stronger and stronger; stay here, therefore, and sit over your
wine, while fair Hecamede heats you a bath and washes the clotted
blood from off you. I will go at once to the look-out station and
see what it is all about."
As he spoke he took up the shield of his son Thrasymedes that was
lying in his tent, all gleaming with bronze, for ThrasymedesM
his father's shield; he grasped his redoubtable bronze-shod spear,
and as soon as he was outside saw the disastrous rout of the Achaeans
who, now that their wall was overthrown, were flying pell-mell before
the Trojans. As when there is a heavy swell upon the sea, but the
waves are dumb- they keep their eyes on the watch for the quarter
whence the fierce winds may spring upon them, but they stay where
they are and set neither this way nor that, till some particular wind
sweeps down from heaven toM
determine them- even so did the old man
ponder whether to make for the crowd of Danaans, or go in search of
Agamemnon. In the end he deemed it best to go to the son of Atreus;
but meanwhile the hosts were fighting and killing one another, and
the hard bronze rattled on their bodies, as they thrust at one another
with their swords and spears.
The wounded kings, the son of Tydeus, Ulysses, and Agamemnon son of
Atreus, fell in Nestor as they were coming up from their ships- for
theirs were drawn up some waM
y from where the fighting was going on,
being on the shore itself inasmuch as they had been beached first,
while the wall had been built behind the hindermost. The stretch of
the shore, wide though it was, did not afford room for all the ships,
and the host was cramped for space, therefore they had placed the
ships in rows one behind the other, and had filled the whole opening
of the bay between the two points that formed it. The kings, leaning
on their spears, were coming out to survey the fight, being in gM
anxiety, and when old Nestor met them they were filled with dismay.
Then King Agamemnon said to him, "Nestor son of Neleus, honour to
the Achaean name, why have you left the battle to come hither? I fear
that what dread Hector said will come true, when he vaunted among
the Trojans saying that he would not return to Ilius till he had fired
our ships and killed us; this is what he said, and now it is all coming
true. Alas! others of the Achaeans, like Achilles, are in anger with
me that they refuse to fiM
ght by the sterns of our ships."
Then Nestor knight of Gerene answered, "It is indeed as you say; it
is all coming true at this moment, and even Jove who thunders from
on high cannot prevent it. Fallen is the wall on which we relied as
an impregnable bulwark both for us and our fleet. The Trojans are
fighting stubbornly and without ceasing at the ships; look where you
may you cannot see from what quarter the rout of the Achaeans is coming;
they are being killed in a confused mass and the battle-cry ascendsM
to heaven; let us think, if counsel can be of any use, what we had
better do; but I do not advise our going into battle ourselves, for
a man cannot fight when he is wounded."
And King Agamemnon answered, "Nestor, if the Trojans are indeed fighting
at the rear of our ships, and neither the wall nor the trench has
served us- over which the Danaans toiled so hard, and which they deemed
would be an impregnable bulwark both for us and our fleet- I see it
must be the will of Jove that the Achaeans should periM
here, far from Argos. I knew when Jove was willing to defend us, and
I know now that he is raising the Trojans to like honour with the
gods, while us, on the other hand, he bas bound hand and foot. Now,
therefore, let us all do as I say; let us bring down the ships that
are on the beach and draw them into the water; let us make them fast
to their mooring-stones a little way out, against the fall of night-
if even by night the Trojans will desist from fighting; we may then
draw down the rest M
of the fleet. There is nothing wrong in flying
ruin even by night. It is better for a man that he should fly and
be saved than be caught and killed."
Ulysses looked fiercely at him and said, "Son of Atreus, what are
you talking about? Wretch, you should have commanded some other and
baser army, and not been ruler over us to whom Jove has allotted a
life of hard fighting from youth to old age, till we every one of
us perish. Is it thus that you would quit the city of Troy, to win
which we have suffered soM
much hardship? Hold your peace, lest some
other of the Achaeans hear you say what no man who knows how to give
good counsel, no king over so great a host as that of the Argives
should ever have let fall from his lips. I despise your judgement
utterly for what you have been saying. Would you, then, have us draw
down our ships into the water while the battle is raging, and thus
play further into the hands of the conquering Trojans? It would be
ruin; the Achaeans will not go on fighting when they see the shipsM
being drawn into the water, but will cease attacking and keep turning
their eyes towards them; your counsel, therefore, Sir captain, would
be our destruction."
Agamemnon answered, "Ulysses, your rebuke has stung me to the heart.
I am not, however, ordering the Achaeans to draw their ships into
the sea whether they will or no. Some one, it may be, old or young,
can offer us better counsel which I shall rejoice to hear."
Then said Diomed, "Such an one is at hand; he is not far to seek,
en to me and not resent my speaking though I am younger
than any of you. I am by lineage son to a noble sire, Tydeus, who
lies buried at Thebes. For Portheus had three noble sons, two of whom,
Agrius and Melas, abode in Pleuron and rocky Calydon. The third was
the knight Oeneus, my father's father, and he was the most valiant
of them all. Oeeneus remained in his own country, but my father (as
Jove and the other gods ordained it) migrated to Argos. He married
into the family of Adrastus, and his house was oneM
of great abundance,
for he had large estates of rich corn-growing land, with much orchard
ground as well, and he had many sheep; moreover he excelled all the
Argives in the use of the spear. You must yourselves have heard whether
these things are true or no; therefore when I say well despise not
my words as though I were a coward or of ignoble birth. I say, then,
let us go to the fight as we needs must, wounded though we be. When
there, we may keep out of the battle and beyond the range of the spears
we get fresh wounds in addition to what we have already, but
we can spur on others, who have been indulging their spleen and holding
aloof from battle hitherto."
Thus did he speak; whereon they did even as he had said and set out,
King Agamemnon leading the way.
Meanwhile Neptune had kept no blind look-out, and came up to them
in the semblance of an old man. He took Agamemnon's right hand in
his own and said, "Son of Atreus, I take it Achilles is glad now that
he sees the Achaeans routed and slain, foM
r he is utterly without remorse-
may he come to a bad end and heaven confound him. As for yourself,
the blessed gods are not yet so bitterly angry with you but that the
princes and counsellors of the Trojans shall again raise the dust
upon the plain, and you shall see them flying from the ships and tents
towards their city."
With this he raised a mighty cry of battle, and sped forward to the
plain. The voice that came from his deep chest was as that of nine
or ten thousand men when they are shouting in tM
he thick of a fight,
and it put fresh courage into the hearts of the Achaeans to wage war
and do battle without ceasing.
Juno of the golden throne looked down as she stood upon a peak of
Olympus and her heart was gladdened at the sight of him who was at
once her brother and her brother-in-law, hurrying hither and thither
amid the fighting. Then she turned her eyes to Jove as he sat on the
topmost crests of many-fountained Ida, and loathed him. She set herself
to think how she might hoodwink him, and in tM
he end she deemed that
it would be best for her to go to Ida and array herself in rich attire,
in the hope that Jove might become enamoured of her, and wish to embrace
her. While he was thus engaged a sweet and careless sleep might be
made to steal over his eyes and senses.
She went, therefore, to the room which her son Vulcan had made her,
and the doors of which he had cunningly fastened by means of a secret
key so that no other god could open them. Here she entered and closed
the doors behind her. She M
cleansed all the dirt from her fair body
with ambrosia, then she anointed herself with olive oil, ambrosial,
very soft, and scented specially for herself- if it were so much as
shaken in the bronze-floored house of Jove, the scent pervaded the
universe of heaven and earth. With this she anointed her delicate
skin, and then she plaited the fair ambrosial locks that flowed in
a stream of golden tresses from her immortal head. She put on the
wondrous robe which Minerva had worked for her with consummate art,
nd had embroidered with manifold devices; she fastened it about her
bosom with golden clasps, and she girded herself with a girdle that
had a hundred tassels: then she fastened her earrings, three brilliant
pendants that glistened most beautifully, through the pierced lobes
of her ears, and threw a lovely new veil over her head. She bound
her sandals on to her feet, and when she had arrayed herself perfectly
to her satisfaction, she left her room and called Venus to come aside
and speak to her. "My dear chilM
d," said she, "will you do what I am
going to ask of you, or will refuse me because you are angry at my
being on the Danaan side, while you are on the Trojan?"
Jove's daughter Venus answered, "Juno, august queen of goddesses,
daughter of mighty Saturn, say what you want, and I will do it for
at once, if I can, and if it can be done at all."
Then Juno told her a lying tale and said, "I want you to endow me
with some of those fascinating charms, the spells of which bring all
things mortal and immortal tM
o your feet. I am going to the world's
end to visit Oceanus (from whom all we gods proceed) and mother Tethys:
they received me in their house, took care of me, and brought me up,
having taken me over from Rhaea when Jove imprisoned great Saturn
in the depths that are under earth and sea. I must go and see them
that I may make peace between them; they have been quarrelling, and
are so angry that they have not slept with one another this long while;
if I can bring them round and restore them to one another's M
they will be grateful to me and love me for ever afterwards."
Thereon laughter-loving Venus said, "I cannot and must not refuse
you, for you sleep in the arms of Jove who is our king."
As she spoke she loosed from her bosom the curiously embroidered girdle
into which all her charms had been wrought- love, desire, and that
sweet flattery which steals the judgement even of the most prudent.
She gave the girdle to Juno and said, "Take this girdle wherein all
my charms reside and lay it in your boM
som. If you will wear it I promise
you that your errand, be it what it may, will not be bootless."
When she heard this Juno smiled, and still smiling she laid the girdle
Venus now went back into the house of Jove, while Juno darted down
from the summits of Olympus. She passed over Pieria and fair Emathia,
and went on and on till she came to the snowy ranges of the Thracian
horsemen, over whose topmost crests she sped without ever setting
foot to ground. When she came to Athos she went on M
of the sea till she reached Lemnos, the city of noble Thoas. There
she met Sleep, own brother to Death, and caught him by the hand, saying,
"Sleep, you who lord it alike over mortals and immortals, if you ever
did me a service in times past, do one for me now, and I shall be
grateful to you ever after. Close Jove's keen eyes for me in slumber
while I hold him clasped in my embrace, and I will give you a beautiful
golden seat, that can never fall to pieces; my clubfooted son Vulcan
it for you, and he shall give it a footstool for you to
rest your fair feet upon when you are at table."
Then Sleep answered, "Juno, great queen of goddesses, daughter of
mighty Saturn, I would lull any other of the gods to sleep without
compunction, not even excepting the waters of Oceanus from whom all
of them proceed, but I dare not go near Jove, nor send him to sleep
unless he bids me. I have had one lesson already through doing what
you asked me, on the day when Jove's mighty son Hercules set sail
from Ilius after having sacked the city of the Trojans. At your bidding
I suffused my sweet self over the mind of aegis-bearing Jove, and
laid him to rest; meanwhile you hatched a plot against Hercules, and
set the blasts of the angry winds beating upon the sea, till you took
him to the goodly city of Cos away from all his friends. Jove was
furious when he awoke, and began hurling the gods about all over the
house; he was looking more particularly for myself, and would have
flung me down through space into tM
he sea where I should never have
been heard of any more, had not Night who cows both men and gods protected
me. I fled to her and Jove left off looking for me in spite of his
being so angry, for he did not dare do anything to displease Night.
And now you are again asking me to do something on which I cannot
And Juno said, "Sleep, why do you take such notions as those into
your head? Do you think Jove will be as anxious to help the Trojans,
as he was about his own son? Come, I will marry you to M
youngest of the Graces, and she shall be your own- Pasithea, whom
you have always wanted to marry."
Sleep was pleased when he heard this, and answered, "Then swear it
to me by the dread waters of the river Styx; lay one hand on the bounteous
earth, and the other on the sheen of the sea, so that all the gods
who dwell down below with Saturn may be our witnesses, and see that
you really do give me one of the youngest of the Graces- Pasithea,
whom I have always wanted to marry."
e had said. She swore, and invoked all the gods of the
nether world, who are called Titans, to witness. When she had completed
her oath, the two enshrouded themselves in a thick mist and sped lightly
forward, leaving Lemnos and Imbrus behind them. Presently they reached
many-fountained Ida, mother of wild beasts, and Lectum where they
left the sea to go on by land, and the tops of the trees of the forest
soughed under the going of their feet. Here Sleep halted, and ere
Jove caught sight of him he climbed a lM
ofty pine-tree- the tallest
that reared its head towards heaven on all Ida. He hid himself behind
the branches and sat there in the semblance of the sweet-singing bird
that haunts the mountains and is called Chalcis by the gods, but men
call it Cymindis. Juno then went to Gargarus, the topmost peak of
Ida, and Jove, driver of the clouds, set eyes upon her. As soon as
he did so he became inflamed with the same passionate desire for her
that he had felt when they had first enjoyed each other's embraces,
lept with one another without their dear parents knowing anything
about it. He went up to her and said, "What do you want that you have
come hither from Olympus- and that too with neither chariot nor horses
Then Juno told him a lying tale and said, "I am going to the world's
end, to visit Oceanus, from whom all we gods proceed, and mother Tethys;
they received me into their house, took care of me, and brought me
up. I must go and see them that I may make peace between them: they
quarrelling, and are so angry that they have not slept with
one another this long time. The horses that will take me over land
and sea are stationed on the lowermost spurs of many-fountained Ida,
and I have come here from Olympus on purpose to consult you. I was
afraid you might be angry with me later on, if I went to the house
of Oceanus without letting you know."
And Jove said, "Juno, you can choose some other time for paying your
visit to Oceanus- for the present let us devote ourselves to love
o the enjoyment of one another. Never yet have I been so overpowered
by passion neither for goddess nor mortal woman as I am at this moment
for yourself- not even when I was in love with the wife of Ixion who
bore me Pirithous, peer of gods in counsel, nor yet with Danae the
daintily-ancled daughter of Acrisius, who bore me the famed hero Perseus.
Then there was the daughter of Phoenix, who bore me Minos and Rhadamanthus:
there was Semele, and Alcmena in Thebes by whom I begot my lion-hearted
hile Semele became mother to Bacchus the comforter
of mankind. There was queen Ceres again, and lovely Leto, and yourself-
but with none of these was I ever so much enamoured as I now am with
Juno again answered him with a lying tale. "Most dread son of Saturn,"
she exclaimed, "what are you talking about? Would you have us enjoy
one another here on the top of Mount Ida, where everything can be
seen? What if one of the ever-living gods should see us sleeping together,
and tell the others? It would bM
e such a scandal that when I had risen
from your embraces I could never show myself inside your house again;
but if you are so minded, there is a room which your son Vulcan has
made me, and he has given it good strong doors; if you would so have
it, let us go thither and lie down."
And Jove answered, "Juno, you need not be afraid that either god or
man will see you, for I will enshroud both of us in such a dense golden
cloud, that the very sun for all his bright piercing beams shall not
With this the son of Saturn caught his wife in his embrace; whereon
the earth sprouted them a cushion of young grass, with dew-bespangled
lotus, crocus, and hyacinth, so soft and thick that it raised them
well above the ground. Here they laid themselves down and overhead
they were covered by a fair cloud of gold, from which there fell glittering
Thus, then, did the sire of all things repose peacefully on the crest
of Ida, overcome at once by sleep and love, and he held his spouse
ms. Meanwhile Sleep made off to the ships of the Achaeans,
to tell earth-encircling Neptune, lord of the earthquake. When he
had found him he said, "Now, Neptune, you can help the Danaans with
a will, and give them victory though it be only for a short time while
Jove is still sleeping. I have sent him into a sweet slumber, and
Juno has beguiled him into going to bed with her."
Sleep now departed and went his ways to and fro among mankind, leaving
Neptune more eager than ever to help the Danaans. He darteM
among the first ranks and shouted saying, "Argives, shall we let Hector
son of Priam have the triumph of taking our ships and covering himself
with glory? This is what he says that he shall now do, seeing that
Achilles is still in dudgeon at his ship; We shall get on very well
without him if we keep each other in heart and stand by one another.
Now, therefore, let us all do as I say. Let us each take the best
and largest shield we can lay hold of, put on our helmets, and sally
forth with our longeM
st spears in our hands; will lead you on, and
Hector son of Priam, rage as he may, will not dare to hold out against
us. If any good staunch soldier has only a small shield, let him hand
it over to a worse man, and take a larger one for himself."
Thus did he speak, and they did even as he had said. The son of Tydeus,
Ulysses, and Agamemnon, wounded though they were, set the others in
array, and went about everywhere effecting the exchanges of armour;
the most valiant took the best armour, and gave the worsM
man. When they had donned their bronze armour they marched on with
Neptune at their head. In his strong hand he grasped his terrible
sword, keen of edge and flashing like lightning; woe to him who comes
across it in the day of battle; all men quake for fear and keep away
Hector on the other side set the Trojans in array. Thereon Neptune
and Hector waged fierce war on one another- Hector on the Trojan and
Neptune on the Argive side. Mighty was the uproar as the two forces
sea came rolling in towards the ships and tents of the Achaeans,
but waves do not thunder on the shore more loudly when driven before
the blast of Boreas, nor do the flames of a forest fire roar more
fiercely when it is well alight upon the mountains, nor does the wind
bellow with ruder music as it tears on through the tops of when it
is blowing its hardest, than the terrible shout which the Trojans
and Achaeans raised as they sprang upon one another.
Hector first aimed his spear at Ajax, who was turned M
him, nor did he miss his aim. The spear struck him where two bands
passed over his chest- the band of his shield and that of his silver-studded
sword- and these protected his body. Hector was angry that his spear
should have been hurled in vain, and withdrew under cover of his men.
As he was thus retreating, Ajax son of Telamon struck him with a stone,
of which there were many lying about under the men's feet as they
fought- brought there to give support to the ships' sides as they
hore. Ajax caught up one of them and struck Hector above
the rim of his shield close to his neck; the blow made him spin round
like a top and reel in all directions. As an oak falls headlong when
uprooted by the lightning flash of father Jove, and there is a terrible
smell of brimstone- no man can help being dismayed if he is standing
near it, for a thunderbolt is a very awful thing- even so did Hector
fall to earth and bite the dust. His spear fell from his hand, but
his shield and helmet were made fast aboM
ut his body, and his bronze
armour rang about him.
The sons of the Achaeans came running with a loud cry towards him,
hoping to drag him away, and they showered their darts on the Trojans,
but none of them could wound him before he was surrounded and covered
by the princes Polydamas, Aeneas, Agenor, Sarpedon captain of the
Lycians, and noble Glaucus: of the others, too, there was not one
who was unmindful of him, and they held their round shields over him
to cover him. His comrades then lifted him off thM
him away from the battle to the place where his horses stood waiting
for him at the rear of the fight with their driver and the chariot;
these then took him towards the city groaning and in great pain. When
they reached the ford of the air stream of Xanthus, begotten of Immortal
Jove, they took him from off his chariot and laid him down on the
ground; they poured water over him, and as they did so he breathed
again and opened his eyes. Then kneeling on his knees he vomited blood,
fell back on to the ground, and his eyes were again closed
in darkness for he was still sturined by the blow.
When the Argives saw Hector leaving the field, they took heart and
set upon the Trojans yet more furiously. Ajax fleet son of Oileus
began by springing on Satnius son of Enops and wounding him with his
spear: a fair naiad nymph had borne him to Enops as he was herding
cattle by the banks of the river Satnioeis. The son of Oileus came
up to him and struck him in the flank so that he fell, and a fieM
fight between Trojans and Danaans raged round his body. Polydamas
son of Panthous drew near to avenge him, and wounded Prothoenor son
of Areilycus on the right shoulder; the terrible spear went right
through his shoulder, and he clutched the earth as he fell in the
dust. Polydamas vaunted loudly over him saying, "Again I take it that
the spear has not sped in vain from the strong hand of the son of
Panthous; an Argive has caught it in his body, and it will serve him
for a staff as he goes down into the M
The Argives were maddened by this boasting. Ajax son of Telamon was
more angry than any, for the man had fallen close be, him; so he aimed
at Polydamas as he was retreating, but Polydamas saved himself by
swerving aside and the spear struck Archelochus son of Antenor, for
heaven counselled his destruction; it struck him where the head springs
from the neck at the top joint of the spine, and severed both the
tendons at the back of the head. His head, mouth, and nostrils reached
long before his legs and knees could do so, and Ajax shouted
to Polydamas saying, "Think, Polydamas, and tell me truly whether
this man is not as well worth killing as Prothoenor was: he seems
rich, and of rich family, a brother, it may be, or son of the knight
Antenor, for he is very like him."
But he knew well who it was, and the Trojans were greatly angered.
Acamas then bestrode his brother's body and wounded Promachus the
Boeotian with his spear, for he was trying to drag his brother's body
amas vaunted loudly over him saying, "Argive archers, braggarts
that you are, toil and suffering shall not be for us only, but some
of you too shall fall here as well as ourselves. See how Promachus
now sleeps, vanquished by my spear; payment for my brother's blood
has not long delayed; a man, therefore, may well be thankful if he
leaves a kinsman in his house behind him to avenge his fall."
His taunts infuriated the Argives, and Peneleos was more enraged than
any of them. He sprang towards Acamas, but AcaM
mas did not stand his
ground, and he killed Ilioneus son of the rich flock-master Phorbas,
whom Mercury had favoured and endowed with greater wealth than any
other of the Trojans. Ilioneus was his only son, and Peneleos now
wounded him in the eye under his eyebrows, tearing the eye-ball from
its socket: the spear went right through the eye into the nape of
the neck, and he fell, stretching out both hands before him. Peneleos
then drew his sword and smote him on the neck, so that both head and
mbling down to the ground with the spear still sticking
in the eye; he then held up the head, as though it had been a poppy-head,
and showed it to the Trojans, vaunting over them as he did so. "Trojans,"
he cried, "bid the father and mother of noble Ilioneus make moan for
him in their house, for the wife also of Promachus son of Alegenor
will never be gladdened by the coming of her dear husband- when we
Argives return with our ships from Troy."
As he spoke fear fell upon them, and every man looked round aM
to see whither he might fly for safety.
Tell me now, O Muses that dwell on Olympus, who was the first of the
Argives to bear away blood-stained spoils after Neptune lord of the
earthquake had turned the fortune of war. Ajax son of Telamon was
first to wound Hyrtius son of Gyrtius, captain of the staunch Mysians.
Antilochus killed Phalces and Mermerus, while Meriones slew Morys
and Hippotion, Teucer also killed Prothoon and Periphetes. The son
of Atreus then wounded Hyperenor shepherd of his people, M
and the bronze point made his entrails gush out as it tore in among
them; on this his life came hurrying out of him at the place where
he had been wounded, and his eyes were closed in darkness. Ajax son
of Oileus killed more than any other, for there was no man so fleet
as he to pursue flying foes when Jove had spread panic among them.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
But when their flight had taken them past the trench and the set
nd many had fallen by the hands of the Danaans, the Trojans
made a halt on reaching their chariots, routed and pale with fear.
Jove now woke on the crests of Ida, where he was lying with golden-throned
Juno by his side, and starting to his feet he saw the Trojans and
Achaeans, the one thrown into confusion, and the others driving them
pell-mell before them with King Neptune in their midst. He saw Hector
lying on the ground with his comrades gathered round him, gasping
for breath, wandering in mind and vomitiM
ng blood, for it was not the
feeblest of the Achaeans who struck him.
The sire of gods and men had pity on him, and looked fiercely on Juno.
"I see, Juno," said he, "you mischief- making trickster, that your
cunning has stayed Hector from fighting and has caused the rout of
his host. I am in half a mind to thrash you, in which case you will
be the first to reap the fruits of your scurvy knavery. Do you not
remember how once upon a time I had you hanged? I fastened two anvils
on to your feet, and bound yoM
ur hands in a chain of gold which none
might break, and you hung in mid-air among the clouds. All the gods
in Olympus were in a fury, but they could not reach you to set you
free; when I caught any one of them I gripped him and hurled him from
the heavenly threshold till he came fainting down to earth; yet even
this did not relieve my mind from the incessant anxiety which I felt
about noble Hercules whom you and Boreas had spitefully conveyed beyond
the seas to Cos, after suborning the tempests; but I rescueM
and notwithstanding all his mighty labours I brought him back again
to Argos. I would remind you of this that you may learn to leave off
being so deceitful, and discover how much you are likely to gain by
the embraces out of which you have come here to trick me."
Juno trembled as he spoke, and said, "May heaven above and earth below
be my witnesses, with the waters of the river Styx- and this is the
most solemn oath that a blessed god can take- nay, I swear also by
your own almighty head and by ourM
bridal bed- things over which I
could never possibly perjure myself- that Neptune is not punishing
Hector and the Trojans and helping the Achaeans through any doing
of mine; it is all of his own mere motion because he was sorry to
see the Achaeans hard pressed at their ships: if I were advising him,
I should tell him to do as you bid him."
The sire of gods and men smiled and answered, "If you, Juno, were
always to support me when we sit in council of the gods, Neptune,
like it or no, would soon come rouM
nd to your and my way of thinking.
If, then, you are speaking the truth and mean what you say, go among
the rank and file of the gods, and tell Iris and Apollo lord of the
bow, that I want them- Iris, that she may go to the Achaean host and
tell Neptune to leave off fighting and go home, and Apollo, that he
may send Hector again into battle and give him fresh strength; he
will thus forget his present sufferings, and drive the Achaeans back
in confusion till they fall among the ships of Achilles son of PeleusM
Achilles will then send his comrade Patroclus into battle, and Hector
will kill him in front of Ilius after he has slain many warriors,
and among them my own noble son Sarpedon. Achilles will kill Hector
to avenge Patroclus, and from that time I will bring it about that
the Achaeans shall persistently drive the Trojans back till they fulfil
the counsels of Minerva and take Ilius. But I will not stay my anger,
nor permit any god to help the Danaans till I have accomplished the
desire of the son of Peleus, M
according to the promise I made by bowing
my head on the day when Thetis touched my knees and besought me to
Juno heeded his words and went from the heights of Ida to great Olympus.
Swift as the thought of one whose fancy carries him over vast continents,
and he says to himself, "Now I will be here, or there," and he would
have all manner of things- even so swiftly did Juno wing her way till
she came to high Olympus and went in among the gods who were gathered
in the house of Jove. WhenM
they saw her they all of them came up to
her, and held out their cups to her by way of greeting. She let the
others be, but took the cup offered her by lovely Themis, who was
first to come running up to her. "Juno," said she, "why are you here?
And you seem troubled- has your husband the son of Saturn been frightening
And Juno answered, "Themis, do not ask me about it. You know what
a proud and cruel disposition my husband has. Lead the gods to table,
where you and all the immortals can hear the wM
he has avowed. Many a one, mortal and immortal, will be angered by
them, however peaceably he may be feasting now."
On this Juno sat down, and the gods were troubled throughout the house
of Jove. Laughter sat on her lips but her brow was furrowed with care,
and she spoke up in a rage. "Fools that we are," she cried, "to be
thus madly angry with Jove; we keep on wanting to go up to him and
stay him by force or by persuasion, but he sits aloof and cares for
nobody, for he knows that he M
is much stronger than any other of the
immortals. Make the best, therefore, of whatever ills he may choose
to send each one of you; Mars, I take it, has had a taste of them
already, for his son Ascalaphus has fallen in battle- the man whom
of all others he loved most dearly and whose father he owns himself
When he heard this Mars smote his two sturdy thighs with the flat
of his hands, and said in anger, "Do not blame me, you gods that dwell
in heaven, if I go to the ships of the Achaeans and avenM
of my son, even though it end in my being struck by Jove's lightning
and lying in blood and dust among the corpses."
As he spoke he gave orders to yoke his horses Panic and Rout, while
he put on his armour. On this, Jove would have been roused to still
more fierce and implacable enmity against the other immortals, had
not Minerva, ararmed for the safety of the gods, sprung from her seat
and hurried outside. She tore the helmet from his head and the shield
from his shoulders, and she took theM
bronze spear from his strong
hand and set it on one side; then she said to Mars, "Madman, you are
undone; you have ears that hear not, or you have lost all judgement
and understanding; have you not heard what Juno has said on coming
straight from the presence of Olympian Jove? Do you wish to go through
all kinds of suffering before you are brought back sick and sorry
to Olympus, after having caused infinite mischief to all us others?
Jove would instantly leave the Trojans and Achaeans to themselves;
ld come to Olympus to punish us, and would grip us up one after
another, guilty or not guilty. Therefore lay aside your anger for
the death of your son; better men than he have either been killed
already or will fall hereafter, and one cannot protect every one's
With these words she took Mars back to his seat. Meanwhile Juno called
Apollo outside, with Iris the messenger of the gods. "Jove," she said
to them, "desires you to go to him at once on Mt. Ida; when you have
seen him you are to dM
o as he may then bid you."
Thereon Juno left them and resumed her seat inside, while Iris and
Apollo made all haste on their way. When they reached many-fountained
Ida, mother of wild beasts, they found Jove seated on topmost Gargarus
with a fragrant cloud encircling his head as with a diadem. They stood
before his presence, and he was pleased with them for having been
so quick in obeying the orders his wife had given them.
He spoke to Iris first. "Go," said he, "fleet Iris, tell King Neptune
ow bid you- and tell him true. Bid him leave off fighting,
and either join the company of the gods, or go down into the sea.
If he takes no heed and disobeys me, let him consider well whether
he is strong enough to hold his own against me if I attack him. I
am older and much stronger than he is; yet he is not afraid to set
himself up as on a level with myself, of whom all the other gods stand
Iris, fleet as the wind, obeyed him, and as the cold hail or snowflakes
that fly from out the clouds befM
ore the blast of Boreas, even so did
she wing her way till she came close up to the great shaker of the
earth. Then she said, "I have come, O dark-haired king that holds
the world in his embrace, to bring you a message from Jove. He bids
you leave off fighting, and either join the company of the gods or
go down into the sea; if, however, you take no heed and disobey him,
he says he will come down here and fight you. He would have you keep
out of his reach, for he is older and much stronger than you are,
yet you are not afraid to set yourself up as on a level with himself,
of whom all the other gods stand in awe."
Neptune was very angry and said, "Great heavens! strong as Jove may
be, he has said more than he can do if he has threatened violence
against me, who am of like honour with himself. We were three brothers
whom Rhea bore to Saturn- Jove, myself, and Hades who rules the world
below. Heaven and earth were divided into three parts, and each of
us was to have an equal share. When we cast lots, it feM
have my dwelling in the sea for evermore; Hades took the darkness
of the realms under the earth, while air and sky and clouds were the
portion that fell to Jove; but earth and great Olympus are the common
property of all. Therefore I will not walk as Jove would have me.
For all his strength, let him keep to his own third share and be contented
without threatening to lay hands upon me as though I were nobody.
Let him keep his bragging talk for his own sons and daughters, who
must perforce obey hiM
Iris fleet as the wind then answered, "Am I really, Neptune, to take
this daring and unyielding message to Jove, or will you reconsider
your answer? Sensible people are open to argument, and you know that
the Erinyes always range themselves on the side of the older person."
Neptune answered, "Goddess Iris, your words have been spoken in season.
It is well when a messenger shows so much discretion. Nevertheless
it cuts me to the very heart that any one should rebuke so angrily
another who is his own M
peer, and of like empire with himself. Now,
however, I will give way in spite of my displeasure; furthermore let
me tell you, and I mean what I say- if contrary to the desire of myself,
Minerva driver of the spoil, Juno, Mercury, and King Vulcan, Jove
spares steep Ilius, and will not let the Achaeans have the great triumph
of sacking it, let him understand that he will incur our implacable
Neptune now left the field to go down under the sea, and sorely did
the Achaeans miss him. Then Jove saM
id to Apollo, "Go, dear Phoebus,
to Hector, for Neptune who holds the earth in his embrace has now
gone down under the sea to avoid the severity of my displeasure. Had
he not done so those gods who are below with Saturn would have come
to hear of the fight between us. It is better for both of us that
he should have curbed his anger and kept out of my reach, for I should
have had much trouble with him. Take, then, your tasselled aegis,
and shake it furiously, so as to set the Achaean heroes in a panic;
moreover, brave Hector, O Far-Darter, into your own care, and
rouse him to deeds of daring, till the Achaeans are sent flying back
to their ships and to the Hellespont. From that point I will think
it well over, how the Achaeans may have a respite from their troubles."
Apollo obeyed his father's saying, and left the crests of Ida, flying
like a falcon, bane of doves and swiftest of all birds. He found Hector
no longer lying upon the ground, but sitting up, for he had just come
to himself again. He knew thM
ose who were about him, and the sweat
and hard breathing had left him from the moment when the will of aegis-bearing
Jove had revived him. Apollo stood beside him and said, "Hector, son
of Priam, why are you so faint, and why are you here away from the
others? Has any mishap befallen you?"
Hector in a weak voice answered, "And which, kind sir, of the gods
are you, who now ask me thus? Do you not know that Ajax struck me
on the chest with a stone as I was killing his comrades at the ships
and compelled me to leave off fighting? I made sure
that this very day I should breathe my last and go down into the house
Then King Apollo said to him, "Take heart; the son of Saturn has sent
you a mighty helper from Ida to stand by you and defend you, even
me, Phoebus Apollo of the golden sword, who have been guardian hitherto
not only of yourself but of your city. Now, therefore, order your
horsemen to drive their chariots to the ships in great multitudes.
I will go before your horses to sM
mooth the way for them, and will
turn the Achaeans in flight."
As he spoke he infused great strength into the shepherd of his people.
And as a horse, stabled and full-fed, breaks loose and gallops gloriously
over the plain to the place where he is wont to take his bath in the
river- he tosses his head, and his mane streams over his shoulders
as in all the pride of his strength he flies full speed to the pastures
where the mares are feeding- even so Hector, when he heard what the
god said, urged his horseM
men on, and sped forward as fast as his limbs
could take him. As country peasants set their hounds on to a homed
stag or wild goat- he has taken shelter under rock or thicket, and
they cannot find him, but, lo, a bearded lion whom their shouts have
roused stands in their path, and they are in no further humour for
the chase- even so the Achaeans were still charging on in a body,
using their swords and spears pointed at both ends, but when they
saw Hector going about among his men they were afraid, and their M
fell down into their feet.
Then spoke Thoas son of Andraemon, leader of the Aetolians, a man
who could throw a good throw, and who was staunch also in close fight,
while few could surpass him in debate when opinions were divided.
He then with all sincerity and goodwill addressed them thus: "What,
in heaven's name, do I now see? Is it not Hector come to life again?
Every one made sure he had been killed by Ajax son of Telamon, but
it seems that one of the gods has again rescued him. He has killed
many of us Danaans already, and I take it will yet do so, for the
hand of Jove must be with him or he would never dare show himself
so masterful in the forefront of the battle. Now, therefore, let us
all do as I say; let us order the main body of our forces to fall
back upon the ships, but let those of us who profess to be the flower
of the army stand firm, and see whether we cannot hold Hector back
at the point of our spears as soon as he comes near us; I conceive
that he will then think better of it beforeM
he tries to charge into
the press of the Danaans."
Thus did he speak, and they did even as he had said. Those who were
about Ajax and King Idomeneus, the followers moreover of Teucer, Meriones,
and Meges peer of Mars called all their best men about them and sustained
the fight against Hector and the Trojans, but the main body fell back
upon the ships of the Achaeans.
The Trojans pressed forward in a dense body, with Hector striding
on at their head. Before him went Phoebus Apollo shrouded in cloud
bout his shoulders. He bore aloft the terrible aegis with its shaggy
fringe, which Vulcan the smith had given Jove to strike terror into
the hearts of men. With this in his hand he led on the Trojans.
The Argives held together and stood their ground. The cry of battle
rose high from either side, and the arrows flew from the bowstrings.
Many a spear sped from strong hands and fastened in the bodies of
many a valiant warrior, while others fell to earth midway, before
they could taste of man's fair flesh and M
glut themselves with blood.
So long as Phoebus Apollo held his aegis quietly and without shaking
it, the weapons on either side took effect and the people fell, but
when he shook it straight in the face of the Danaans and raised his
mighty battle-cry their hearts fainted within them and they forgot
their former prowess. As when two wild beasts spring in the dead of
night on a herd of cattle or a large flock of sheep when the herdsman
is not there- even so were the Danaans struck helpless, for Apollo
them with panic and gave victory to Hector and the Trojans.
The fight then became more scattered and they killed one another where
they best could. Hector killed Stichius and Arcesilaus, the one, leader
of the Boeotians, and the other, friend and comrade of Menestheus.
Aeneas killed Medon and Iasus. The first was bastard son to Oileus,
and brother to Ajax, but he lived in Phylace away from his own country,
for he had killed a man, a kinsman of his stepmother Eriopis whom
Oileus had married. Iasus had becomM
e a leader of the Athenians, and
was son of Sphelus the son of Boucolos. Polydamas killed Mecisteus,
and Polites Echius, in the front of the battle, while Agenor slew
Clonius. Paris struck Deiochus from behind in the lower part of the
shoulder, as he was flying among the foremost, and the point of the
spear went clean through him.
While they were spoiling these heroes of their armour, the Achaeans
were flying pellmell to the trench and the set stakes, and were forced
back within their wall. Hector then cM
ried out to the Trojans, "Forward
to the ships, and let the spoils be. If I see any man keeping back
on the other side the wall away from the ships I will have him killed:
his kinsmen and kinswomen shall not give him his dues of fire, but
dogs shall tear him in pieces in front of our city."
As he spoke he laid his whip about his horses' shoulders and called
to the Trojans throughout their ranks; the Trojans shouted with a
cry that rent the air, and kept their horses neck and neck with his
ollo went before, and kicked down the banks of the
deep trench into its middle so as to make a great broad bridge, as
broad as the throw of a spear when a man is trying his strength. The
Trojan battalions poured over the bridge, and Apollo with his redoubtable
aegis led the way. He kicked down the wall of the Achaeans as easily
as a child who playing on the sea-shore has built a house of sand
and then kicks it down again and destroys it- even so did you, O Apollo,
shed toil and trouble upon the Argives, fillM
ing them with panic and
Thus then were the Achaeans hemmed in at their ships, calling out
to one another and raising their hands with loud cries every man to
heaven. Nestor of Gerene, tower of strength to the Achaeans, lifted
up his hands to the starry firmament of heaven, and prayed more fervently
than any of them. "Father Jove," said he, "if ever any one in wheat-growing
Argos burned you fat thigh-bones of sheep or heifer and prayed that
he might return safely home, whereon you bowed your heM
assent, bear it in mind now, and suffer not the Trojans to triumph
thus over the Achaeans."
All counselling Jove thundered loudly in answer to die prayer of the
aged son of Neleus. When the heard Jove thunder they flung themselves
yet more fiercely on the Achaeans. As a wave breaking over the bulwarks
of a ship when the sea runs high before a gale- for it is the force
of the wind that makes the waves so great- even so did the Trojans
spring over the wall with a shout, and drive their chariotM
The two sides fought with their double-pointed spears in hand-to-hand
encounter-the Trojans from their chariots, and the Achaeans climbing
up into their ships and wielding the long pikes that were lying on
the decks ready for use in a sea-fight, jointed and shod with bronze.
Now Patroclus, so long as the Achaeans and Trojans were fighting about
the wall, but were not yet within it and at the ships, remained sitting
in the tent of good Eurypylus, entertaining him with his conversation
ing herbs over his wound to ease his pain. When, however,
he saw the Trojans swarming through the breach in the wall, while
the Achaeans were clamouring and struck with panic, he cried aloud,
and smote his two thighs with the flat of his hands. "Eurypylus,"
said he in his dismay, "I know you want me badly, but I cannot stay
with you any longer, for there is hard fighting going on; a servant
shall take care of you now, for I must make all speed to Achilles,
and induce him to fight if I can; who knows but withM
I may persuade him. A man does well to listen to the advice of a friend."
When he had thus spoken he went his way. The Achaeans stood firm and
resisted the attack of the Trojans, yet though these were fewer in
number, they could not drive them back from the ships, neither could
the Trojans break the Achaean ranks and make their way in among the
tents and ships. As a carpenter's line gives a true edge to a piece
of ship's timber, in the hand of some skilled workman whom Minerva
d in all kinds of useful arts- even so level was the
issue of the fight between the two sides, as they fought some round
one and some round another.
Hector made straight for Ajax, and the two fought fiercely about the
same ship. Hector could not force Ajax back and fire the ship, nor
yet could Ajax drive Hector from the spot to which heaven had brought
Then Ajax struck Caletor son of Clytius in the chest with a spear
as he was bringing fire towards the ship. He fell heavily to the ground
torch dropped from his hand. When Hector saw his cousin fallen
in front of the ship he shouted to the Trojans and Lycians saying,
"Trojans, Lycians, and Dardanians good in close fight, bate not a
jot, but rescue the son of Clytius lest the Achaeans strip him of
his armour now that he has fallen."
He then aimed a spear at Ajax, and missed him, but he hit Lycophron
a follower of Ajax, who came from Cythera, but was living with Ajax
inasmuch as he had killed a man among the Cythereans. Hector's spear
k him on the head below the ear, and he fell headlong from the
ship's prow on to the ground with no life left in him. Ajax shook
with rage and said to his brother, "Teucer, my good fellow, our trusty
comrade the son of Mastor has fallen, he came to live with us from
Cythera and whom we honoured as much as our own parents. Hector has
just killed him; fetch your deadly arrows at once and the bow which
Phoebus Apollo gave you."
Teucer heard him and hastened towards him with his bow and quiver
Forthwith he showered his arrows on the Trojans, and
hit Cleitus the son of Pisenor, comrade of Polydamas the noble son
of Panthous, with the reins in his hands as he was attending to his
horses; he was in the middle of the very thickest part of the fight,
doing good service to Hector and the Trojans, but evil had now come
upon him, and not one of those who were fain to do so could avert
it, for the arrow struck him on the back of the neck. He fell from
his chariot and his horses shook the empty car as they M
King Polydamas saw what had happened, and was the first to come up
to the horses; he gave them in charge to Astynous son of Protiaon,
and ordered him to look on, and to keep the horses near at hand. He
then went back and took his place in the front ranks.
Teucer then aimed another arrow at Hector, and there would have been
no more fighting at the ships if he had hit him and killed him then
and there: Jove, however, who kept watch over Hector, had his eyes
on Teucer, and deprived him of hisM
triumph, by breaking his bowstring
for him just as he was drawing it and about to take his aim; on this
the arrow went astray and the bow fell from his hands. Teucer shook
with anger and said to his brother, "Alas, see how heaven thwarts
us in all we do; it has broken my bowstring and snatched the bow from
my hand, though I strung it this selfsame morning that it might serve
me for many an arrow."
Ajax son of Telamon answered, "My good fellow, let your bow and your
arrows be, for Jove has made them uselM
ess in order to spite the Danaans.
Take your spear, lay your shield upon your shoulder, and both fight
the Trojans yourself and urge others to do so. They may be successful
for the moment but if we fight as we ought they will find it a hard
matter to take the ships."
Teucer then took his bow and put it by in his tent. He hung a shield
four hides thick about his shoulders, and on his comely head he set
his helmet well wrought with a crest of horse-hair that nodded menacingly
above it; he grasped his redouM
btable bronze-shod spear, and forthwith
he was by the side of Ajax.
When Hector saw that Teucer's bow was of no more use to him, he shouted
out to the Trojans and Lycians, "Trojans, Lycians, and Dardanians
good in close fight, be men, my friends, and show your mettle here
at the ships, for I see the weapon of one of their chieftains made
useless by the hand of Jove. It is easy to see when Jove is helping
people and means to help them still further, or again when he is bringing
them down and will do nothiM
ng for them; he is now on our side, and
is going against the Argives. Therefore swarm round the ships and
fight. If any of you is struck by spear or sword and loses his life,
let him die; he dies with honour who dies fighting for his country;
and he will leave his wife and children safe behind him, with his
house and allotment unplundered if only the Achaeans can be driven
back to their own land, they and their ships."
With these words he put heart and soul into them all. Ajax on the
other side exhorted M
his comrades saying, "Shame on you Argives, we
are now utterly undone, unless we can save ourselves by driving the
enemy from our ships. Do you think, if Hector takes them, that you
will be able to get home by land? Can you not hear him cheering on
his whole host to fire our fleet, and bidding them remember that they
are not at a dance but in battle? Our only course is to fight them
with might and main; we had better chance it, life or death, once
for all, than fight long and without issue hemmed in at our sM
by worse men than ourselves."
With these words he put life and soul into them all. Hector then killed
Schedius son of Perimedes, leader of the Phoceans, and Ajax killed
Laodamas captain of foot soldiers and son to Antenor. Polydamas killed
Otus of Cyllene a comrade of the son of Phyleus and chief of the proud
Epeans. When Meges saw this he sprang upon him, but Polydamas crouched
down, and he missed him, for Apollo would not suffer the son of Panthous
to fall in battle; but the spear hit Croesmus in M
chest, whereon he fell heavily to the ground, and Meges stripped him
of his armour. At that moment the valiant soldier Dolops son of Lampus
sprang upon Lampus was son of Laomedon and for his valour, while his
son Dolops was versed in all the ways of war. He then struck the middle
of the son of Phyleus' shield with his spear, setting on him at close
quarters, but his good corslet made with plates of metal saved him;
Phyleus had brought it from Ephyra and the river Selleis, where his
ing Euphetes, had given it him to wear in battle and protect
him. It now served to save the life of his son. Then Meges struck
the topmost crest of Dolops's bronze helmet with his spear and tore
away its plume of horse-hair, so that all newly dyed with scarlet
as it was it tumbled down into the dust. While he was still fighting
and confident of victory, Menelaus came up to help Meges, and got
by the side of Dolops unperceived; he then speared him in the shoulder,
from behind, and the point, driven so furiousM
ly, went through into
his chest, whereon he fell headlong. The two then made towards him
to strip him of his armour, but Hector called on all his brothers
for help, and he especially upbraided brave Melanippus son of Hiketaon,
who erewhile used to pasture his herds of cattle in Percote before
the war broke out; but when the ships of the Danaans came, he went
back to Ilius, where he was eminent among the Trojans, and lived near
Priam who treated him as one of his own sons. Hector now rebuked him
hy, Melanippus, are we thus remiss? do you take no note
of the death of your kinsman, and do you not see how they are trying
to take Dolops's armour? Follow me; there must be no fighting the
Argives from a distance now, but we must do so in close combat till
either we kill them or they take the high wall of Ilius and slay her
He led on as he spoke, and the hero Melanippus followed after. Meanwhile
Ajax son of Telamon was cheering on the Argives. "My friends," he
cried, "be men, and fear dishonouM
r; quit yourselves in battle so as
to win respect from one another. Men who respect each other's good
opinion are less likely to be killed than those who do not, but in
flight there is neither gain nor glory."
Thus did he exhort men who were already bent upon driving back the
Trojans. They laid his words to heart and hedged the ships as with
a wall of bronze, while Jove urged on the Trojans. Menelaus of the
loud battle-cry urged Antilochus on. "Antilochus," said he, "you are
young and there is none of thM
e Achaeans more fleet of foot or more
valiant than you are. See if you cannot spring upon some Trojan and
He hurried away when he had thus spurred Antilochus, who at once darted
out from the front ranks and aimed a spear, after looking carefully
round him. The Trojans fell back as he threw, and the dart did not
speed from his hand without effect, for it struck Melanippus the proud
son of Hiketaon in the breast by the nipple as he was coming forward,
and his armour rang rattling round him as heM
fell heavily to the ground.
Antilochus sprang upon him as a dog springs on a fawn which a hunter
has hit as it was breaking away from its covert, and killed it. Even
so, O Melanippus, did stalwart Antilochus spring upon you to strip
you of your armour; but noble Hector marked him, and came running
up to him through the thick of the battle. Antilochus, brave soldier
though he was, would not stay to face him, but fled like some savage
creature which knows it has done wrong, and flies, when it has killed
g or a man who is herding his cattle, before a body of men can
be gathered to attack it. Even so did the son of Nestor fly, and the
Trojans and Hector with a cry that rent the air showered their weapons
after him; nor did he turn round and stay his flight till he had reached
The Trojans, fierce as lions, were still rushing on towards the ships
in fulfilment of the behests of Jove who kept spurring them on to
new deeds of daring, while he deadened the courage of the Argives
by encouraging the Trojans. For he meant giving
glory to Hector son of Priam, and letting him throw fire upon the
ships, till he had fulfilled the unrighteous prayer that Thetis had
made him; Jove, therefore, bided his time till he should see the glare
of a blazing ship. From that hour he was about so to order that the
Trojans should be driven back from the ships and to vouchsafe glory
to the Achaeans. With this purpose he inspired Hector son of Priam,
who was cager enough already, to assail the ships. His M
that of Mars, or as when a fire is raging in the glades of some dense
forest upon the mountains; he foamed at the mouth, his eyes glared
under his terrible eye-brows, and his helmet quivered on his temples
by reason of the fury with which he fought. Jove from heaven was with
him, and though he was but one against many, vouchsafed him victory
and glory; for he was doomed to an early death, and already Pallas
Minerva was hurrying on the hour of his destruction at the hands of
the son of Peleus. NoM
w, however, he kept trying to break the ranks
of the enemy wherever he could see them thickest, and in the goodliest
armour; but do what he might he could not break through them, for
they stood as a tower foursquare, or as some high cliff rising from
the grey sea that braves the anger of the gale, and of the waves that
thunder up against it. He fell upon them like flames of fire from
every quarter. As when a wave, raised mountain high by wind and storm,
breaks over a ship and covers it deep in foam, the fierM
against the mast, the hearts of the sailors fail them for fear, and
they are saved but by a very little from destruction- even so were
the hearts of the Achaeans fainting within them. Or as a savage lion
attacking a herd of cows while they are feeding by thousands in the
low-lying meadows by some wide-watered shore- the herdsman is at his
wit's end how to protect his herd and keeps going about now in the
van and now in the rear of his cattle, while the lion springs into
the thick of them and fM
astens on a cow so that they all tremble for
fear- even so were the Achaeans utterly panic-stricken by Hector and
father Jove. Nevertheless Hector only killed Periphetes of Mycenae;
he was son of Copreus who was wont to take the orders of King Eurystheus
to mighty Hercules, but the son was a far better man than the father
in every way; he was fleet of foot, a valiant warrior, and in understanding
ranked among the foremost men of Mycenae. He it was who then afforded
Hector a triumph, for as he was turning bacM
k he stumbled against the
rim of his shield which reached his feet, and served to keep the javelins
off him. He tripped against this and fell face upward, his helmet
ringing loudly about his head as he did so. Hector saw him fall and
ran up to him; he then thrust a spear into his chest, and killed him
close to his own comrades. These, for all their sorrow, could not
help him for they were themselves terribly afraid of Hector.
They had now reached the ships and the prows of those that had been
st were on every side of them, but the Trojans came pouring
after them. The Argives were driven back from the first row of ships,
but they made a stand by their tents without being broken up and scattered;
shame and fear restrained them. They kept shouting incessantly to
one another, and Nestor of Gerene, tower of strength to the Achaeans,
was loudest in imploring every man by his parents, and beseeching
"Be men, my friends," he cried, "and respect one another's good opinion.
l of you, on your children, your wives, your property, and
your parents whether these be alive or dead. On their behalf though
they are not here, I implore you to stand firm, and not to turn in
With these words he put heart and soul into them all. Minerva lifted
the thick veil of darkness from their eyes, and much light fell upon
them, alike on the side of the ships and on that where the fight was
raging. They could see Hector and all his men, both those in the rear
who were taking no part in thM
e battle, and those who were fighting
Ajax could not bring himself to retreat along with the rest, but strode
from deck to deck with a great sea-pike in his hands twelve cubits
long and jointed with rings. As a man skilled in feats of horsemanship
couples four horses together and comes tearing full speed along the
public way from the country into some large town- many both men and
women marvel as they see him for he keeps all the time changing his
horse, springing from one to another withouM
t ever missing his feet
while the horses are at a gallop- even so did Ajax go striding from
one ship's deck to another, and his voice went up into the heavens.
He kept on shouting his orders to the Danaans and exhorting them to
defend their ships and tents; neither did Hector remain within the
main body of the Trojan warriors, but as a dun eagle swoops down upon
a flock of wild-fowl feeding near a river-geese, it may be, or cranes,
or long-necked swans- even so did Hector make straight for a dark-prowed
p, rushing right towards it; for Jove with his mighty hand impelled
him forward, and roused his people to follow him.
And now the battle again raged furiously at the ships. You would have
thought the men were coming on fresh and unwearied, so fiercely did
they fight; and this was the mind in which they were- the Achaeans
did not believe they should escape destruction but thought themselves
doomed, while there was not a Trojan but his heart beat high with
the hope of firing the ships and putting the AchaeaM
Thus were the two sides minded. Then Hector seized the stern of the
good ship that had brought Protesilaus to Troy, but never bore him
back to his native land. Round this ship there raged a close hand-to-hand
fight between Danaans and Trojans. They did not fight at a distance
with bows and javelins, but with one mind hacked at one another in
close combat with their mighty swords and spears pointed at both ends;
they fought moreover with keen battle-axes and with hatchets. Many
ood stout blade hilted and scabbarded with iron, fell from hand
or shoulder as they fought, and the earth ran red with blood. Hector,
when he had seized the ship, would not loose his hold but held on
to its curved stern and shouted to the Trojans, "Bring fire, and raise
the battle-cry all of you with a single voice. Now has Jove vouchsafed
us a day that will pay us for all the rest; this day we shall take
the ships which came hither against heaven's will, and which have
caused us such infinite suffering throM
ugh the cowardice of our councillors,
who when I would have done battle at the ships held me back and forbade
the host to follow me; if Jove did then indeed warp our judgements,
himself now commands me and cheers me on."
As he spoke thus the Trojans sprang yet more fiercely on the Achaeans,
and Ajax no longer held his ground, for he was overcome by the darts
that were flung at him, and made sure that he was doomed. Therefore
he left the raised deck at the stern, and stepped back on to the seven-foot
h of the oarsmen. Here he stood on the look-out, and with his
spear held back Trojan whom he saw bringing fire to the ships. All
the time he kept on shouting at the top of his voice and exhorting
the Danaans. "My friends," he cried, "Danaan heroes, servants of Mars,
be men my friends, and fight with might and with main. Can we hope
to find helpers hereafter, or a wall to shield us more surely than
the one we have? There is no strong city within reach, whence we may
draw fresh forces to turn the scales in ourM
favour. We are on the
plain of the armed Trojans with the sea behind us, and far from our
own country. Our salvation, therefore, is in the might of our hands
and in hard fighting."
As he spoke he wielded his spear with still greater fury, and when
any Trojan made towards the ships with fire at Hector's bidding, he
would be on the look-out for him, and drive at him with his long spear.
Twelve men did he thus kill in hand-to-hand fight before the ships.
--------------------------------------------------M
--------------------
Thus did they fight about the ship of Protesilaus. Then Patroclus
drew near to Achilles with tears welling from his eyes, as from some
spring whose crystal stream falls over the ledges of a high precipice.
When Achilles saw him thus weeping he was sorry for him and said,
"Why, Patroclus, do you stand there weeping like some silly child
that comes running to her mother, and begs to be taken up and carried-
she catches hold of her mother's dress to stay her though she is in
a hurry, and looks tearfully up until her mother carries her- even
such tears, Patroclus, are you now shedding. Have you anything to
say to the Myrmidons or to myself? or have you had news from Phthia
which you alone know? They tell me Menoetius son of Actor is still
alive, as also Peleus son of Aeacus, among the Myrmidons- men whose
loss we two should bitterly deplore; or are you grieving about the
Argives and the way in which they are being killed at the ships, throu
their own high-handed doings? Do not hiM
de anything from me but tell
me that both of us may know about it."
Then, O knight Patroclus, with a deep sigh you answered, "Achilles,
son of Peleus, foremost champion of the Achaeans, do not be angry,
but I weep for the disaster that has now befallen the Argives. All
those who have been their champions so far are lying at the ships,
wounded by sword or spear. Brave Diomed son of Tydeus has been hit
with a spear, while famed Ulysses and Agamemnon have received sword-wounds;
Eurypylus again has been struM
ck with an arrow in the thigh; skilled
apothecaries are attending to these heroes, and healing them of their
wounds; are you still, O Achilles, so inexorable? May it never be
my lot to nurse such a passion as you have done, to the baning of
your own good name. Who in future story will speak well of you unless
you now save the Argives from ruin? You know no pity; knight Peleus
was not your father nor Thetis your mother, but the grey sea bore
you and the sheer cliffs begot you, so cruel and remorseless are youM
If however you are kept back through knowledge of some oracle, or
if your mother Thetis has told you something from the mouth of Jove,
at least send me and the Myrmidons with me, if I may bring deliverance
to the Danaans. Let me moreover wear your armour; the Trojans may
thus mistake me for you and quit the field, so that the hard-pressed
sons of the Achaeans may have breathing time- which while they are
fighting may hardly be. We who are fresh might soon drive tired men
back from our ships and tents to tM
He knew not what he was asking, nor that he was suing for his own
destruction. Achilles was deeply moved and answered, "What, noble
Patroclus, are you saying? I know no prophesyings which I am heeding,
nor has my mother told me anything from the mouth of Jove, but I am
cut to the very heart that one of my own rank should dare to rob me
because he is more powerful than I am. This, after all that I have
gone through, is more than I can endure. The girl whom the sons of
the Achaeans chose foM
r me, whom I won as the fruit of my spear on
having sacked a city- her has King Agamemnon taken from me as though
I were some common vagrant. Still, let bygones be bygones: no man
may keep his anger for ever; I said I would not relent till battle
and the cry of war had reached my own ships; nevertheless, now gird
my armour about your shoulders, and lead the Myrmidons to battle,
for the dark cloud of Trojans has burst furiously over our fleet;
the Argives are driven back on to the beach, cooped within a narroM
space, and the whole people of Troy has taken heart to sally out against
them, because they see not the visor of my helmet gleaming near them.
Had they seen this, there would not have been a creek nor grip that
had not been filled with their dead as they fled back again. And so
it would have been, if only King Agamemnon had dealt fairly by me.
As it is the Trojans have beset our host. Diomed son of Tydeus no
longer wields his spear to defend the Danaans, neither have I heard
the voice of the son of AtreusM
coming from his hated head, whereas
that of murderous Hector rings in my cars as he gives orders to the
Trojans, who triumph over the Achaeans and fill the whole plain with
their cry of battle. But even so, Patroclus, fall upon them and save
the fleet, lest the Trojans fire it and prevent us from being able
to return. Do, however, as I now bid you, that you may win me great
honour from all the Danaans, and that they may restore the girl to
me again and give me rich gifts into the bargain. When you have drivM
the Trojans from the ships, come back again. Though Juno's thundering
husband should put triumph within your reach, do not fight the Trojans
further in my absence, or you will rob me of glory that should be
mine. And do not for lust of battle go on killing the Trojans nor
lead the Achaeans on to Ilius, lest one of the ever-living gods from
Olympus attack you- for Phoebus Apollo loves them well: return when
you have freed the ships from peril, and let others wage war upon
the plain. Would, by father Jove,M
Minerva, and Apollo, that not a
single man of all the Trojans might be left alive, nor yet of the
Argives, but that we two might be alone left to tear aside the mantle
that veils the brow of Troy."
Thus did they converse. But Ajax could no longer hold his ground for
the shower of darts that rained upon him; the will of Jove and the
javelins of the Trojans were too much for him; the helmet that gleamed
about his temples rang with the continuous clatter of the missiles
that kept pouring on to it and on toM
the cheek-pieces that protected
his face. Moreover his left shoulder was tired with having held his
shield so long, yet for all this, let fly at him as they would, they
could not make him give ground. He could hardly draw his breath, the
sweat rained from every pore of his body, he had not a moment's respite,
and on all sides he was beset by danger upon danger.
And now, tell me, O Muses that hold your mansions on Olympus, how
fire was thrown upon the ships of the Achaeans. Hector came close
rive with his great sword at the ashen spear of Ajax.
He cut it clean in two just behind where the point was fastened on
to the shaft of the spear. Ajax, therefore, had now nothing but a
headless spear, while the bronze point flew some way off and came
ringing down on to the ground. Ajax knew the hand of heaven in this,
and was dismayed at seeing that Jove had now left him utterly defenceless
and was willing victory for the Trojans. Therefore he drew back, and
the Trojans flung fire upon the ship which was aM
The fire was now flaring about the ship's stern, whereon Achilles
smote his two thighs and said to Patroclus, "Up, noble knight, for
I see the glare of hostile fire at our fleet; up, lest they destroy
our ships, and there be no way by which we may retreat. Gird on your
armour at once while I call our people together."
As he spoke Patroclus put on his armour. First he greaved his legs
with greaves of good make, and fitted with ancle-clasps of silver;
after this he donned the cM
uirass of the son of Aeacus, richly inlaid
and studded. He hung his silver-studded sword of bronze about his
shoulders, and then his mighty shield. On his comely head he set his
helmet, well wrought, with a crest of horse-hair that nodded menacingly
above it. He grasped two redoubtable spears that suited his hands,
but he did not take the spear of noble Achilles, so stout and strong,
for none other of the Achaeans could wield it, though Achilles could
do so easily. This was the ashen spear from Mount Pelion,M
had cut upon a mountain top and had given to Peleus, wherewith to
deal out death among heroes. He bade Automedon yoke his horses with
all speed, for he was the man whom he held in honour next after Achilles,
and on whose support in battle he could rely most firmly. Automedon
therefore yoked the fleet horses Xanthus and Balius, steeds that could
fly like the wind: these were they whom the harpy Podarge bore to
the west wind, as she was grazing in a meadow by the waters of the
the side traces he set the noble horse Pedasus,
whom Achilles had brought away with him when he sacked the city of
Eetion, and who, mortal steed though he was, could take his place
along with those that were immortal.
Meanwhile Achilles went about everywhere among the tents, and bade
his Myrmidons put on their armour. Even as fierce ravening wolves
that are feasting upon a homed stag which they have killed upon the
mountains, and their jaws are red with blood- they go in a pack to
lap water from the cleaM
r spring with their long thin tongues; and
they reek of blood and slaughter; they know not what fear is, for
it is hunger drives them- even so did the leaders and counsellors
of the Myrmidons gather round the good squire of the fleet descendant
of Aeacus, and among them stood Achilles himself cheering on both
Fifty ships had noble Achilles brought to Troy, and in each there
was a crew of fifty oarsmen. Over these he set five captains whom
he could trust, while he was himself commander oveM
r them all. Menesthius
of the gleaming corslet, son to the river Spercheius that streams
from heaven, was captain of the first company. Fair Polydora daughter
of Peleus bore him to ever-flowing Spercheius- a woman mated with
a god- but he was called son of Borus son of Perieres, with whom his
mother was living as his wedded wife, and who gave great wealth to
gain her. The second company was led by noble Eudorus, son to an unwedded
woman. Polymele, daughter of Phylas the graceful dancer, bore him;
slayer of Argos was enamoured of her as he saw her among
the singing women at a dance held in honour of Diana the rushing huntress
of the golden arrows; he therefore- Mercury, giver of all good- went
with her into an upper chamber, and lay with her in secret, whereon
she bore him a noble son Eudorus, singularly fleet of foot and in
fight valiant. When Ilithuia goddess of the pains of child-birth brought
him to the light of day, and he saw the face of the sun, mighty Echecles
son of Actor took the mother to M
wife, and gave great wealth to gain
her, but her father Phylas brought the child up, and took care of
him, doting as fondly upon him as though he were his own son. The
third company was led by Pisander son of Maemalus, the finest spearman
among all the Myrmidons next to Achilles' own comrade Patroclus. The
old knight Phoenix was captain of the fourth company, and Alcimedon,
noble son of Laerceus of the fifth.
When Achilles had chosen his men and had stationed them all with their
captains, he charged themM
straitly saying, "Myrmidons, remember your
threats against the Trojans while you were at the ships in the time
of my anger, and you were all complaining of me. 'Cruel son of Peleus,'
you would say, 'your mother must have suckled you on gall, so ruthless
are you. You keep us here at the ships against our will; if you are
so relentless it were better we went home over the sea.' Often have
you gathered and thus chided with me. The hour is now come for those
high feats of arms that you have so long been pining M
keep high hearts each one of you to do battle with the Trojans."
With these words he put heart and soul into them all, and they serried
their companies yet more closely when they heard the of their king.
As the stones which a builder sets in the wall of some high house
which is to give shelter from the winds- even so closely were the
helmets and bossed shields set against one another. Shield pressed
on shield, helm on helm, and man on man; so close were they that the
horse-hair plumes on thM
e gleaming ridges of their helmets touched
each other as they bent their heads.
In front of them all two men put on their armour- Patroclus and Automedon-
two men, with but one mind to lead the Myrmidons. Then Achilles went
inside his tent and opened the lid of the strong chest which silver-footed
Thetis had given him to take on board ship, and which she had filled
with shirts, cloaks to keep out the cold, and good thick rugs. In
this chest he had a cup of rare workmanship, from which no man but
might drink, nor would he make offering from it to any other
god save only to father Jove. He took the cup from the chest and cleansed
it with sulphur; this done he rinsed it clean water, and after he
had washed his hands he drew wine. Then he stood in the middle of
the court and prayed, looking towards heaven, and making his drink-offering
of wine; nor was he unseen of Jove whose joy is in thunder. "King
Jove," he cried, "lord of Dodona, god of the Pelasgi, who dwellest
afar, you who hold wintry Dodona in yM
our sway, where your prophets
the Selli dwell around you with their feet unwashed and their couches
made upon the ground- if you heard me when I prayed to you aforetime,
and did me honour while you sent disaster on the Achaeans, vouchsafe
me now the fulfilment of yet this further prayer. I shall stay here
where my ships are lying, but I shall send my comrade into battle
at the head of many Myrmidons. Grant, O all-seeing Jove, that victory
may go with him; put your courage into his heart that Hector may learnM
whether my squire is man enough to fight alone, or whether his might
is only then so indomitable when I myself enter the turmoil of war.
Afterwards when he has chased the fight and the cry of battle from
the ships, grant that he may return unharmed, with his armour and
his comrades, fighters in close combat."
Thus did he pray, and all-counselling Jove heard his prayer. Part
of it he did indeed vouchsafe him- but not the whole. He granted that
Patroclus should thrust back war and battle from the ships, bM
to let him come safely out of the fight.
When he had made his drink-offering and had thus prayed, Achilles
went inside his tent and put back the cup into his chest.
Then he again came out, for he still loved to look upon the fierce
fight that raged between the Trojans and Achaeans.
Meanwhile the armed band that was about Patroclus marched on till
they sprang high in hope upon the Trojans. They came swarming out
like wasps whose nests are by the roadside, and whom silly children
ease, whereon any one who happens to be passing may get stung-
or again, if a wayfarer going along the road vexes them by accident,
every wasp will come flying out in a fury to defend his little ones-
even with such rage and courage did the Myrmidons swarm from their
ships, and their cry of battle rose heavenwards. Patroclus called
out to his men at the top of his voice, "Myrmidons, followers of Achilles
son of Peleus, be men my friends, fight with might and with main,
that we may win glory for the son of PeM
leus, who is far the foremost
man at the ships of the Argives- he, and his close fighting followers.
The son of Atreus King Agamemnon will thus learn his folly in showing
no respect to the bravest of the Achaeans."
With these words he put heart and soul into them all, and they fell
in a body upon the Trojans. The ships rang again with the cry which
the Achaeans raised, and when the Trojans saw the brave son of Menoetius
and his squire all gleaming in their armour, they were daunted and
ere thrown into confusion, for they thought the
fleet son of Peleus must now have put aside his anger, and have been
reconciled to Agamemnon; every one, therefore, looked round about
to see whither he might fly for safety.
Patroclus first aimed a spear into the middle of the press where men
were packed most closely, by the stern of the ship of Protesilaus.
He hit Pyraechmes who had led his Paeonian horsemen from the Amydon
and the broad waters of the river Axius; the spear struck him on the
r, and with a groan he fell backwards in the dust; on
this his men were thrown into confusion, for by killing their leader,
who was the finest soldier among them, Patroclus struck panic into
them all. He thus drove them from the ship and quenched the fire that
was then blazing- leaving the half-burnt ship to lie where it was.
The Trojans were now driven back with a shout that rent the skies,
while the Danaans poured after them from their ships, shouting also
without ceasing. As when Jove, gatherer of the thuM
a dense canopy on the top of some lofty mountain, and all the peaks,
the jutting headlands, and forest glades show out in the great light
that flashes from the bursting heavens, even so when the Danaans had
now driven back the fire from their ships, they took breath for a
little while; but the fury of the fight was not yet over, for the
Trojans were not driven back in utter rout, but still gave battle,
and were ousted from their ground only by sheer fighting.
The fight then became moreM
scattered, and the chieftains killed one
another when and how they could. The valiant son of Menoetius first
drove his spear into the thigh of Areilycus just as he was turning
round; the point went clean through, and broke the bone so that he
fell forward. Meanwhile Menelaus struck Thoas in the chest, where
it was exposed near the rim of his shield, and he fell dead. The son
of Phyleus saw Amphiclus about to attack him, and ere he could do
so took aim at the upper part of his thigh, where the muscles are
hicker than in any other part; the spear tore through all the sinews
of the leg, and his eyes were closed in darkness. Of the sons of Nestor
one, Antilochus, speared Atymnius, driving the point of the spear
through his throat, and down he fell. Maris then sprang on Antilochus
in hand-to-hand fight to avenge his brother, and bestrode the body
spear in hand; but valiant Thrasymedes was too quick for him, and
in a moment had struck him in the shoulder ere he could deal his blow;
his aim was true, and the spear M
severed all the muscles at the root
of his arm, and tore them right down to the bone, so he fell heavily
to the ground and his eyes were closed in darkness. Thus did these
two noble comrades of Sarpedon go down to Erebus slain by the two
sons of Nestor; they were the warrior sons of Amisodorus, who had
reared the invincible Chimaera, to the bane of many. Ajax son of Oileus
sprang on Cleobulus and took him alive as he was entangled in the
crush; but he killed him then and there by a sword-blow on the neck.
he sword reeked with his blood, while dark death and the strong hand
of fate gripped him and closed his eyes.
Peneleos and Lycon now met in close fight, for they had missed each
other with their spears. They had both thrown without effect, so now
they drew their swords. Lycon struck the plumed crest of Peneleos'
helmet but his sword broke at the hilt, while Peneleos smote Lycon
on the neck under the ear. The blade sank so deep that the head was
held on by nothing but the skin, and there was no more life lM
him. Meriones gave chase to Acamas on foot and caught him up just
as he was about to mount his chariot; he drove a spear through his
right shoulder so that he fell headlong from the car, and his eyes
were closed in darkness. Idomeneus speared Erymas in the mouth; the
bronze point of the spear went clean through it beneath the brain,
crashing in among the white bones and smashing them up. His teeth
were all of them knocked out and the blood came gushing in a stream
from both his eyes; it also came gurM
gling up from his mouth and nostrils,
and the darkness of death enfolded him round about.
Thus did these chieftains of the Danaans each of them kill his man.
As ravening wolves seize on kids or lambs, fastening on them when
they are alone on the hillsides and have strayed from the main flock
through the carelessness of the shepherd- and when the wolves see
this they pounce upon them at once because they cannot defend themselves-
even so did the Danaans now fall on the Trojans, who fled with ill-omened
ies in their panic and had no more fight left in them.
Meanwhile great Ajax kept on trying to drive a spear into Hector,
but Hector was so skilful that he held his broad shoulders well under
cover of his ox-hide shield, ever on the look-out for the whizzing
of the arrows and the heavy thud of the spears. He well knew that
the fortunes of the day had changed, but still stood his ground and
tried to protect his comrades.
As when a cloud goes up into heaven from Olympus, rising out of a
e is brewing a gale- even with such panic stricken
rout did the Trojans now fly, and there was no order in their going.
Hector's fleet horses bore him and his armour out of the fight, and
he left the Trojan host penned in by the deep trench against their
will. Many a yoke of horses snapped the pole of their chariots in
the trench and left their master's car behind them. Patroclus gave
chase, calling impetuously on the Danaans and full of fury against
the Trojans, who, being now no longer in a body, filled alM
with their cries of panic and rout; the air was darkened with the
clouds of dust they raised, and the horses strained every nerve in
their flight from the tents and ships towards the city.
Patroclus kept on heading his horses wherever he saw most men flying
in confusion, cheering on his men the while. Chariots were being smashed
in all directions, and many a man came tumbling down from his own
car to fall beneath the wheels of that of Patroclus, whose immortal
steeds, given by the gods to PeleM
us, sprang over the trench at a bound
as they sped onward. He was intent on trying to get near Hector, for
he had set his heart on spearing him, but Hector's horses were now
hurrying him away. As the whole dark earth bows before some tempest
on an autumn day when Jove rains his hardest to punish men for giving
crooked judgement in their courts, and arriving justice therefrom
without heed to the decrees of heaven- all the rivers run full and
the torrents tear many a new channel as they roar headlong from the
mountains to the dark sea, and it fares ill with the works of men-
even such was the stress and strain of the Trojan horses in their
Patroclus now cut off the battalions that were nearest to him and
drove them back to the ships. They were doing their best to reach
the city, but he would not Yet them, and bore down on them between
the river and the ships and wall. Many a fallen comrade did he then
avenge. First he hit Pronous with a spear on the chest where it was
exposed near the rim of his shieM
ld, and he fell heavily to the ground.
Next he sprang on Thestor son of Enops, who was sitting all huddled
up in his chariot, for he had lost his head and the reins had been
torn out of his hands. Patroclus went up to him and drove a spear
into his right jaw; he thus hooked him by the teeth and the spear
pulled him over the rim of his car, as one who sits at the end of
some jutting rock and draws a strong fish out of the sea with a hook
and a line- even so with his spear did he pull Thestor all gaping
his chariot; he then threw him down on his face and he died while
falling. On this, as Erylaus was on to attack him, he struck him full
on the head with a stone, and his brains were all battered inside
his helmet, whereon he fell headlong to the ground and the pangs of
death took hold upon him. Then he laid low, one after the other, Erymas,
Amphoterus, Epaltes, Tlepolemus, Echius son of Damastor, Pyris, lpheus,
Euippus and Polymelus son of Argeas.
Now when Sarpedon saw his comrades, men who wore ungirdledM
being overcome by Patroclus son of Menoetius, he rebuked the Lycians
saying. "Shame on you, where are you flying to? Show your mettle;
I will myself meet this man in fight and learn who it is that is so
masterful; he has done us much hurt, and has stretched many a brave
man upon the ground."
He sprang from his chariot as he spoke, and Patroclus, when he saw
this, leaped on to the ground also. The two then rushed at one another
with loud cries like eagle-beaked crook-taloned vultures that scream
and tear at one another in some high mountain fastness.
The son of scheming Saturn looked down upon them in pity and said
to Juno who was his wife and sister, "Alas, that it should be the
lot of Sarpedon whom I love so dearly to perish by the hand of Patroclus.
I am in two minds whether to catch him up out of the fight and set
him down safe and sound in the fertile land of Lycia, or to let him
now fall by the hand of the son of Menoetius."
And Juno answered, "Most dread son of Saturn, what is this thaM
are saying? Would you snatch a mortal man, whose doom has long been
fated, out of the jaws of death? Do as you will, but we shall not
all of us be of your mind. I say further, and lay my saying to your
heart, that if you send Sarpedon safely to his own home, some other
of the gods will be also wanting to escort his son out of battle,
for there are many sons of gods fighting round the city of Troy, and
you will make every one jealous. If, however, you are fond of him
and pity him, let him indeed fall bM
y the hand of Patroclus, but as
soon as the life is gone out of him, send Death and sweet Sleep to
bear him off the field and take him to the broad lands of Lycia, where
his brothers and his kinsmen will bury him with mound and pillar,
in due honour to the dead."
The sire of gods and men assented, but he shed a rain of blood upon
the earth in honour of his son whom Patroclus was about to kill on
the rich plain of Troy far from his home.
When they were now come close to one another Patroclus struck ThrM
the brave squire of Sarpedon, in the lower part of the belly, and
killed him. Sarpedon then aimed a spear at Patroclus and missed him,
but he struck the horse Pedasus in the right shoulder, and it screamed
aloud as it lay, groaning in the dust until the life went out of it.
The other two horses began to plunge; the pole of the chariot cracked
and they got entangled in the reins through the fall of the horse
that was yoked along with them; but Automedon knew what to do; without
the loss of a momentM
he drew the keen blade that hung by his sturdy
thigh and cut the third horse adrift; whereon the other two righted
themselves, and pulling hard at the reins again went together into
Sarpedon now took a second aim at Patroclus, and again missed him,
the point of the spear passed over his left shoulder without hitting
him. Patroclus then aimed in his turn, and the spear sped not from
his hand in vain, for he hit Sarpedon just where the midriff surrounds
the ever-beating heart. He fell like some oaM
k or silver poplar or
tall pine to which woodmen have laid their axes upon the mountains
to make timber for ship-building- even so did he lie stretched at
full length in front of his chariot and horses, moaning and clutching
at the blood-stained dust. As when a lion springs with a bound upon
a herd of cattle and fastens on a great black bull which dies bellowing
in its clutches- even so did the leader of the Lycian warriors struggle
in death as he fell by the hand of Patroclus. He called on his trusty
de and said, "Glaucus, my brother, hero among heroes, put forth
all your strength, fight with might and main, now if ever quit yourself
like a valiant soldier. First go about among the Lycian captains and
bid them fight for Sarpedon; then yourself also do battle to save
my armour from being taken. My name will haunt you henceforth and
for ever if the Achaeans rob me of my armour now that I have fallen
at their ships. Do your very utmost and call all my people together."
Death closed his eyes as he spoke. PM
atroclus planted his heel on his
breast and drew the spear from his body, whereon his senses came out
along with it, and he drew out both spear-point and Sarpedon's soul
at the same time. Hard by the Myrmidons held his snorting steeds,
who were wild with panic at finding themselves deserted by their lords.
Glaucus was overcome with grief when he heard what Sarpedon said,
for he could not help him. He had to support his arm with his other
hand, being in great pain through the wound which Teucer's arrow had
given him when Teucer was defending the wall as he, Glaucus, was assailing
it. Therefore he prayed to far-darting Apollo saying, "Hear me O king
from your seat, may be in the rich land of Lycia, or may be in Troy,
for in all places you can hear the prayer of one who is in distress,
as I now am. I have a grievous wound; my hand is aching with pain,
there is no staunching the blood, and my whole arm drags by reason
of my hurt, so that I cannot grasp my sword nor go among my foes and
fight them, thou our princM
e, Jove's son Sarpedon, is slain. Jove defended
not his son, do you, therefore, O king, heal me of my wound, ease
my pain and grant me strength both to cheer on the Lycians and to
fight along with them round the body of him who has fallen."
Thus did he pray, and Apollo heard his prayer. He eased his pain,
staunched the black blood from the wound, and gave him new strength.
Glaucus perceived this, and was thankful that the mighty god had answered
his prayer; forthwith, therefore, he went among the Lycian caM
and bade them come to fight about the body of Sarpedon. From these
he strode on among the Trojans to Polydamas son of Panthous and Agenor;
he then went in search of Aeneas and Hector, and when he had found
them he said, "Hector, you have utterly forgotten your allies, who
languish here for your sake far from friends and home while you do
nothing to support them. Sarpedon leader of the Lycian warriors has
fallen- he who was at once the right and might of Lycia; Mars has
laid him low by the spear of PM
atroclus. Stand by him, my friends,
and suffer not the Myrmidons to strip him of his armour, nor to treat
his body with contumely in revenge for all the Danaans whom we have
speared at the ships."
As he spoke the Trojans were plunged in extreme and ungovernable grief;
for Sarpedon, alien though he was, had been one of the main stays
of their city, both as having much people with him, and himself the
foremost among them all. Led by Hector, who was infuriated by the
fall of Sarpedon, they made instantly foM
r the Danaans with all their
might, while the undaunted spirit of Patroclus son of Menoetius cheered
on the Achaeans. First he spoke to the two Ajaxes, men who needed
no bidding. "Ajaxes," said he, "may it now please you to show youselves
the men you have always been, or even better- Sarpedon is fallen-
he who was first to overleap the wall of the Achaeans; let us take
the body and outrage it; let us strip the armour from his shoulders,
and kill his comrades if they try to rescue his body."
en who of themselves were full eager; both sides, therefore,
the Trojans and Lycians on the one hand, and the Myrmidons and Achaeans
on the other, strengthened their battalions, and fought desperately
about the body of Sarpedon, shouting fiercely the while. Mighty was
the din of their armour as they came together, and Jove shed a thick
darkness over the fight, to increase the of the battle over the body
At first the Trojans made some headway against the Achaeans, for one
of the best men amongM
the Myrmidons was killed, Epeigeus, son of noble
Agacles who had erewhile been king in the good city of Budeum; but
presently, having killed a valiant kinsman of his own, he took refuge
with Peleus and Thetis, who sent him to Ilius the land of noble steeds
to fight the Trojans under Achilles. Hector now struck him on the
head with a stone just as he had caught hold of the body, and his
brains inside his helmet were all battered in, so that he fell face
foremost upon the body of Sarpedon, and there died. PatM
enraged by the death of his comrade, and sped through the front ranks
as swiftly as a hawk that swoops down on a flock of daws or starlings.
Even so swiftly, O noble knight Patroclus, did you make straight for
the Lycians and Trojans to avenge your comrade. Forthwith he struck
Sthenelaus the son of Ithaemenes on the neck with a stone, and broke
the tendons that join it to the head and spine. On this Hector and
the front rank of his men gave ground. As far as a man can throw a
javelin when competiM
ng for some prize, or even in battle- so far did
the Trojans now retreat before the Achaeans. Glaucus, captain of the
Lycians, was the first to rally them, by killing Bathycles son of
Chalcon who lived in Hellas and was the richest man among the Myrmidons.
Glaucus turned round suddenly, just as Bathycles who was pursuing
him was about to lay hold of him, and drove his spear right into the
middle of his chest, whereon he fell heavily to the ground, and the
fall of so good a man filled the Achaeans with dismayM
were exultant, and came up in a body round the corpse. Nevertheless
the Achaeans, mindful of their prowess, bore straight down upon them.
Meriones then killed a helmed warrior of the Trojans, Laogonus son
of Onetor, who was priest of Jove of Mt. Ida, and was honoured by
the people as though he were a god. Meriones struck him under the
jaw and ear, so that life went out of him and the darkness of death
laid hold upon him. Aeneas then aimed a spear at Meriones, hoping
to hit him under thM
e shield as he was advancing, but Meriones saw
it coming and stooped forward to avoid it, whereon the spear flew
past him and the point stuck in the ground, while the butt-end went
on quivering till Mars robbed it of its force. The spear, therefore,
sped from Aeneas's hand in vain and fell quivering to the ground.
Aeneas was angry and said, "Meriones, you are a good dancer, but if
I had hit you my spear would soon have made an end of you."
And Meriones answered, "Aeneas, for all your bravery, you will not
be able to make an end of every one who comes against you. You are
only a mortal like myself, and if I were to hit you in the middle
of your shield with my spear, however strong and self-confident you
may be, I should soon vanquish you, and you would yield your life
to Hades of the noble steeds."
On this the son of Menoetius rebuked him and said, "Meriones, hero
though you be, you should not speak thus; taunting speeches, my good
friend, will not make the Trojans draw away from the dead body; some
em must go under ground first; blows for battle, and words for
council; fight, therefore, and say nothing."
He led the way as he spoke and the hero went forward with him. As
the sound of woodcutters in some forest glade upon the mountains-
and the thud of their axes is heard afar- even such a din now rose
from earth-clash of bronze armour and of good ox-hide shields, as
men smote each other with their swords and spears pointed at both
ends. A man had need of good eyesight now to know Sarpedon, so covered
was he from head to foot with spears and blood and dust. Men swarmed
about the body, as flies that buzz round the full milk-pails in spring
when they are brimming with milk- even so did they gather round Sarpedon;
nor did Jove turn his keen eyes away for one moment from the fight,
but kept looking at it all the time, for he was settling how best
to kill Patroclus, and considering whether Hector should be allowed
to end him now in the fight round the body of Sarpedon, and strip
him of his armour, or whether M
he should let him give yet further trouble
to the Trojans. In the end, he deemed it best that the brave squire
of Achilles son of Peleus should drive Hector and the Trojans back
towards the city and take the lives of many. First, therefore, he
made Hector turn fainthearted, whereon he mounted his chariot and
fled, bidding the other Trojans fly also, for he saw that the scales
of Jove had turned against him. Neither would the brave Lycians stand
firm; they were dismayed when they saw their king lying struck tM
the heart amid a heap of corpses- for when the son of Saturn made
the fight wax hot many had fallen above him. The Achaeans, therefore
stripped the gleaming armour from his shoulders and the brave son
of Menoetius gave it to his men to take to the ships. Then Jove lord
of the storm-cloud said to Apollo, "Dear Phoebus, go, I pray you,
and take Sarpedon out of range of the weapons; cleanse the black blood
from off him, and then bear him a long way off where you may wash
him in the river, anoint him with ambM
rosia, and clothe him in immortal
raiment; this done, commit him to the arms of the two fleet messengers,
Death, and Sleep, who will carry him straightway to the rich land
of Lycia, where his brothers and kinsmen will inter him, and will
raise both mound and pillar to his memory, in due honour to the dead."
Thus he spoke. Apollo obeyed his father's saying, and came down from
the heights of Ida into the thick of the fight; forthwith he took
Sarpedon out of range of the weapons, and then bore him a long way
off, where he washed him in the river, anointed him with ambrosia
and clothed him in immortal raiment; this done, he committed him to
the arms of the two fleet messengers, Death, and Sleep, who presently
set him down in the rich land of Lycia.
Meanwhile Patroclus, with many a shout to his horses and to Automedon,
pursued the Trojans and Lycians in the pride and foolishness of his
heart. Had he but obeyed the bidding of the son of Peleus, he would
have, escaped death and have been scatheless; but the counM
Jove pass man's understanding; he will put even a brave man to flight
and snatch victory from his grasp, or again he will set him on to
fight, as he now did when he put a high spirit into the heart of Patroclus.
Who then first, and who last, was slain by you, O Patroclus, when
the gods had now called you to meet your doom? First Adrestus, Autonous,
Echeclus, Perimus the son of Megas, Epistor and Melanippus; after
these he killed Elasus, Mulius, and Pylartes. These he slew, but the
The sons of the Achaeans would now have taken Troy by the hands of
Patroclus, for his spear flew in all directions, had not Phoebus Apollo
taken his stand upon the wall to defeat his purpose and to aid the
Trojans. Thrice did Patroclus charge at an angle of the high wall,
and thrice did Apollo beat him back, striking his shield with his
own immortal hands. When Patroclus was coming on like a god for yet
a fourth time, Apollo shouted to him with an awful voice and said,
Patroclus, it is not your lot to sack the city of
the Trojan chieftains, nor yet will it be that of Achilles who is
a far better man than you are." On hearing this, Patroclus withdrew
to some distance and avoided the anger of Apollo.
Meanwhile Hector was waiting with his horses inside the Scaean gates,
in doubt whether to drive out again and go on fighting, or to call
the army inside the gates. As he was thus doubting Phoebus Apollo
drew near him in the likeness of a young and lusty warrior Asius,
s Hector's uncle, being own brother to Hecuba, and son of Dymas
who lived in Phrygia by the waters of the river Sangarius; in his
likeness Jove's son Apollo now spoke to Hector saying, "Hector, why
have you left off fighting? It is ill done of you. If I were as much
better a man than you, as I am worse, you should soon rue your slackness.
Drive straight towards Patroclus, if so be that Apollo may grant you
a triumph over him, and you may rull him."
With this the god went back into the hurly-burly, and HecM
Cebriones drive again into the fight. Apollo passed in among them,
and struck panic into the Argives, while he gave triumph to Hector
and the Trojans. Hector let the other Danaans alone and killed no
man, but drove straight at Patroclus. Patroclus then sprang from his
chariot to the ground, with a spear in his left hand, and in his right
a jagged stone as large as his hand could hold. He stood still and
threw it, nor did it go far without hitting some one; the cast was
not in vain, for the stone stM
ruck Cebriones, Hector's charioteer,
a bastard son of Priam, as he held the reins in his hands. The stone
hit him on the forehead and drove his brows into his head for the
bone was smashed, and his eyes fell to the ground at his feet. He
dropped dead from his chariot as though he were diving, and there
was no more life left in him. Over him did you then vaunt, O knight
Patroclus, saying, "Bless my heart, how active he is, and how well
he dives. If we had been at sea this fellow would have dived from
p's side and brought up as many oysters as the whole crew could
stomach, even in rough water, for he has dived beautifully off his
chariot on to the ground. It seems, then, that there are divers also
among the Trojans."
As he spoke he flung himself on Cebriones with the spring, as it were,
of a lion that while attacking a stockyard is himself struck in the
chest, and his courage is his own bane- even so furiously, O Patroclus,
did you then spring upon Cebriones. Hector sprang also from his chariot
ground. The pair then fought over the body of Cebriones. As
two lions fight fiercely on some high mountain over the body of a
stag that they have killed, even so did these two mighty warriors,
Patroclus son of Menoetius and brave Hector, hack and hew at one another
over the corpse of Cebriones. Hector would not let him go when he
had once got him by the head, while Patroclus kept fast hold of his
feet, and a fierce fight raged between the other Danaans and Trojans.
As the east and south wind buffet one anotM
her when they beat upon
some dense forest on the mountains- there is beech and ash and spreading
cornel; the to of the trees roar as they beat on one another, and
one can hear the boughs cracking and breaking- even so did the Trojans
and Achaeans spring upon one another and lay about each other, and
neither side would give way. Many a pointed spear fell to ground and
many a winged arrow sped from its bow-string about the body of Cebriones;
many a great stone, moreover, beat on many a shield as they fought
round his body, but there he lay in the whirling clouds of dust,
all huge and hugely, heedless of his driving now.
So long as the sun was still high in mid-heaven the weapons of either
side were alike deadly, and the people fell; but when he went down
towards the time when men loose their oxen, the Achaeans proved to
be beyond all forecast stronger, so that they drew Cebriones out of
range of the darts and tumult of the Trojans, and stripped the armour
from his shoulders. Then Patroclus sprang like Mars wM
and a terrific shout upon the Trojans, and thrice did he kill nine
men; but as he was coming on like a god for a time, then, O Patroclus,
was the hour of your end approaching, for Phoebus fought you in fell
earnest. Patroclus did not see him as he moved about in the crush,
for he was enshrouded in thick darkness, and the god struck him from
behind on his back and his broad shoulders with the flat of his hand,
so that his eyes turned dizzy. Phoebus Apollo beat the helmet from
and it rolled rattling off under the horses' feet, where
its horse-hair plumes were all begrimed with dust and blood. Never
indeed had that helmet fared so before, for it had served to protect
the head and comely forehead of the godlike hero Achilles. Now, however,
Zeus delivered it over to be worn by Hector. Nevertheless the end
of Hector also was near. The bronze-shod spear, so great and so strong,
was broken in the hand of Patroclus, while his shield that covered
him from head to foot fell to the ground aM
s did also the band that
held it, and Apollo undid the fastenings of his corslet.
On this his mind became clouded; his limbs failed him, and he stood
as one dazed; whereon Euphorbus son of Panthous a Dardanian, the best
spearman of his time, as also the finest horseman and fleetest runner,
came behind him and struck him in the back with a spear, midway between
the shoulders. This man as soon as ever he had come up with his chariot
had dismounted twenty men, so proficient was he in all the arts of
it was, O knight Patroclus, that first drove a weapon into
you, but he did not quite overpower you. Euphorbus then ran back into
the crowd, after drawing his ashen spear out of the wound; he would
not stand firm and wait for Patroclus, unarmed though he now was,
to attack him; but Patroclus unnerved, alike by the blow the god had
given him and by the spear-wound, drew back under cover of his men
in fear for his life. Hector on this, seeing him to be wounded and
giving ground, forced his way through the ranksM
with him struck him in the lower part of the belly with a spear, driving
the bronze point right through it, so that he fell heavily to the
ground to the great of the Achaeans. As when a lion has fought some
fierce wild-boar and worsted him- the two fight furiously upon the
mountains over some little fountain at which they would both drink,
and the lion has beaten the boar till he can hardly breathe- even
so did Hector son of Priam take the life of the brave son of Menoetius
d so many, striking him from close at hand, and vaunting
over him the while. "Patroclus," said he, "you deemed that you should
sack our city, rob our Trojan women of their freedom, and carry them
off in your ships to your own country. Fool; Hector and his fleet
horses were ever straining their utmost to defend them. I am foremost
of all the Trojan warriors to stave the day of bondage from off them;
as for you, vultures shall devour you here. Poor wretch, Achilles
with all his bravery availed you nothing; andM
yet I ween when you
left him he charged you straitly saying, 'Come not back to the ships,
knight Patroclus, till you have rent the bloodstained shirt of murderous
Hector about his body. Thus I ween did he charge you, and your fool's
heart answered him 'yea' within you."
Then, as the life ebbed out of you, you answered, O knight Patroclus:
"Hector, vaunt as you will, for Jove the son of Saturn and Apollo
have vouchsafed you victory; it is they who have vanquished me so
easily, and they who have stripped M
the armour from my shoulders; had
twenty such men as you attacked me, all of them would have fallen
before my spear. Fate and the son of Leto have overpowered me, and
among mortal men Euphorbus; you are yourself third only in the killing
of me. I say further, and lay my saying to your heart, you too shall
live but for a little season; death and the day of your doom are close
upon you, and they will lay you low by the hand of Achilles son of
When he had thus spoken his eyes were closed in death, M
his body and flitted down to the house of Hades, mourning its sad
fate and bidding farewell to the youth and vigor of its manhood. Dead
though he was, Hector still spoke to him saying, "Patroclus, why should
you thus foretell my doom? Who knows but Achilles, son of lovely Thetis,
may be smitten by my spear and die before me?"
As he spoke he drew the bronze spear from the wound, planting his
foot upon the body, which he thrust off and let lie on its back. He
then went spear in hand after AutM
omedon, squire of the fleet descendant
of Aeacus, for he longed to lay him low, but the immortal steeds which
the gods had given as a rich gift to Peleus bore him swiftly from
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Brave Menelaus son of Atreus now came to know that Patroclus had
fallen, and made his way through the front ranks clad in full armour
to bestride him. As a cow stands lowing over her first calf, even
so did yellow-haired Menelaus bestriM
de Patroclus. He held his round
shield and his spear in front of him, resolute to kill any who should
dare face him. But the son of Panthous had also noted the body, and
came up to Menelaus saying, "Menelaus, son of Atreus, draw back, leave
the body, and let the bloodstained spoils be. I was first of the Trojans
and their brave allies to drive my spear into Patroclus, let me, therefore,
have my full glory among the Trojans, or I will take aim and kill
To this Menelaus answered in great anger "By faM
is an ill thing. The pard is not more bold, nor the lion nor savage
wild-boar, which is fiercest and most dauntless of all creatures,
than are the proud sons of Panthous. Yet Hyperenor did not see out
the days of his youth when he made light of me and withstood me, deeming
me the meanest soldier among the Danaans. His own feet never bore
him back to gladden his wife and parents. Even so shall I make an
end of you too, if you withstand me; get you back into the crowd and
r it shall be worse for you. Even a fool may be wise
Euphorbus would not listen, and said, "Now indeed, Menelaus, shall
you pay for the death of my brother over whom you vaunted, and whose
wife you widowed in her bridal chamber, while you brought grief unspeakable
on his parents. I shall comfort these poor people if I bring your
head and armour and place them in the hands of Panthous and noble
Phrontis. The time is come when this matter shall be fought out and
settled, for me or againstM
As he spoke he struck Menelaus full on the shield, but the spear did
not go through, for the shield turned its point. Menelaus then took
aim, praying to father Jove as he did so; Euphorbus was drawing back,
and Menelaus struck him about the roots of his throat, leaning his
whole weight on the spear, so as to drive it home. The point went
clean through his neck, and his armour rang rattling round him as
he fell heavily to the ground. His hair which was like that of the
Graces, and his locks so deftlM
y bound in bands of silver and gold,
were all bedrabbled with blood. As one who has grown a fine young
olive tree in a clear space where there is abundance of water- the
plant is full of promise, and though the winds beat upon it from every
quarter it puts forth its white blossoms till the blasts of some fierce
hurricane sweep down upon it and level it with the ground- even so
did Menelaus strip the fair youth Euphorbus of his armour after he
had slain him. Or as some fierce lion upon the mountains in the prM
of his strength fastens on the finest heifer in a herd as it is feeding-
first he breaks her neck with his strong jaws, and then gorges on
her blood and entrails; dogs and shepherds raise a hue and cry against
him, but they stand aloof and will not come close to him, for they
are pale with fear- even so no one had the courage to face valiant
Menelaus. The son of Atreus would have then carried off the armour
of the son of Panthous with ease, had not Phoebus Apollo been angry,
and in the guise of Mentes cM
hief of the Cicons incited Hector to attack
him. "Hector," said he, "you are now going after the horses of the
noble son of Aeacus, but you will not take them; they cannot be kept
in hand and driven by mortal man, save only by Achilles, who is son
to an immortal mother. Meanwhile Menelaus son of Atreus has bestridden
the body of Patroclus and killed the noblest of the Trojans, Euphorbus
son of Panthous, so that he can fight no more."
The god then went back into the toil and turmoil, but the soul of
r was darkened with a cloud of grief; he looked along the ranks
and saw Euphorbus lying on the ground with the blood still flowing
from his wound, and Menelaus stripping him of his armour. On this
he made his way to the front like a flame of fire, clad in his gleaming
armour, and crying with a loud voice. When the son of Atreus heard
him, he said to himself in his dismay, "Alas! what shall I do? I may
not let the Trojans take the armour of Patroclus who has fallen fighting
on my behalf, lest some Danaan who M
sees me should cry shame upon me.
Still if for my honour's sake I fight Hector and the Trojans single-handed,
they will prove too many for me, for Hector is bringing them up in
force. Why, however, should I thus hesitate? When a man fights in
despite of heaven with one whom a god befriends, he will soon rue
it. Let no Danaan think ill of me if I give place to Hector, for the
hand of heaven is with him. Yet, if I could find Ajax, the two of
us would fight Hector and heaven too, if we might only save the body
of Patroclus for Achilles son of Peleus. This, of many evils would
While he was thus in two minds, the Trojans came up to him with Hector
at their head; he therefore drew back and left the body, turning about
like some bearded lion who is being chased by dogs and men from a
stockyard with spears and hue and cry, whereon he is daunted and slinks
sulkily off- even so did Menelaus son of Atreus turn and leave the
body of Patroclus. When among the body of his men, he looked around
Ajax son of Telamon, and presently saw him on the extreme
left of the fight, cheering on his men and exhorting them to keep
on fighting, for Phoebus Apollo had spread a great panic among them.
He ran up to him and said, "Ajax, my good friend, come with me at
once to dead Patroclus, if so be that we may take the body to Achilles-
as for his armour, Hector already has it."
These words stirred the heart of Ajax, and he made his way among the
front ranks, Menelaus going with him. Hector had stripped PatroclusM
of his armour, and was dragging him away to cut off his head and take
the body to fling before the dogs of Troy. But Ajax came up with his
shield like wall before him, on which Hector withdrew under shelter
of his men, and sprang on to his chariot, giving the armour over to
the Trojans to take to the city, as a great trophy for himself; Ajax,
therefore, covered the body of Patroclus with his broad shield and
bestrode him; as a lion stands over his whelps if hunters have come
upon him in a forest when he isM
with his little ones- in the pride
and fierceness of his strength he draws his knit brows down till they
cover his eyes- even so did Ajax bestride the body of Patroclus, and
by his side stood Menelaus son of Atreus, nursing great sorrow in
Then Glaucus son of Hippolochus looked fiercely at Hector and rebuked
him sternly. "Hector," said he, "you make a brave show, but in fight
you are sadly wanting. A runaway like yourself has no claim to so
great a reputation. Think how you may now save your M
by the hands of your own people born in Ilius; for you will get no
Lycians to fight for you, seeing what thanks they have had for their
incessant hardships. Are you likely, sir, to do anything to help a
man of less note, after leaving Sarpedon, who was at once your guest
and comrade in arms, to be the spoil and prey of the Danaans? So long
as he lived he did good service both to your city and yourself; yet
you had no stomach to save his body from the dogs. If the Lycians
will listen to me, M
they will go home and leave Troy to its fate. If
the Trojans had any of that daring fearless spirit which lays hold
of men who are fighting for their country and harassing those who
would attack it, we should soon bear off Patroclus into Ilius. Could
we get this dead man away and bring him into the city of Priam, the
Argives would readily give up the armour of Sarpedon, and we should
get his body to boot. For he whose squire has been now killed is the
foremost man at the ships of the Achaeans- he and his cloM
followers. Nevertheless you dared not make a stand against Ajax, nor
face him, eye to eye, with battle all round you, for he is a braver
Hector scowled at him and answered, "Glaucus, you should know better.
I have held you so far as a man of more understanding than any in
all Lycia, but now I despise you for saying that I am afraid of Ajax.
I fear neither battle nor the din of chariots, but Jove's will is
stronger than ours; Jove at one time makes even a strong man draw
ck and snatches victory from his grasp, while at another he will
set him on to fight. Come hither then, my friend, stand by me and
see indeed whether I shall play the coward the whole day through as
you say, or whether I shall not stay some even of the boldest Danaans
from fighting round the body of Patroclus."
As he spoke he called loudly on the Trojans saying, "Trojans, Lycians,
and Dardanians, fighters in close combat, be men, my friends, and
fight might and main, while I put on the goodly armour of AcM
which I took when I killed Patroclus."
With this Hector left the fight, and ran full speed after his men
who were taking the armour of Achilles to Troy, but had not yet got
far. Standing for a while apart from the woeful fight, he changed
his armour. His own he sent to the strong city of Ilius and to the
Trojans, while he put on the immortal armour of the son of Peleus,
which the gods had given to Peleus, who in his age gave it to his
son; but the son did not grow old in his father's armour.
hen Jove, lord of the storm-cloud, saw Hector standing aloof and
arming himself in the armour of the son of Peleus, he wagged his head
and muttered to himself saying, "A! poor wretch, you arm in the armour
of a hero, before whom many another trembles, and you reck nothing
of the doom that is already close upon you. You have killed his comrade
so brave and strong, but it was not well that you should strip the
armour from his head and shoulders. I do indeed endow you with great
might now, but as against this yM
ou shall not return from battle to
lay the armour of the son of Peleus before Andromache."
The son of Saturn bowed his portentous brows, and Hector fitted the
armour to his body, while terrible Mars entered into him, and filled
his whole body with might and valour. With a shout he strode in among
the allies, and his armour flashed about him so that he seemed to
all of them like the great son of Peleus himself. He went about among
them and cheered them on- Mesthles, Glaucus, Medon, Thersilochus,
us, Deisenor and Hippothous, Phorcys, Chromius and Ennomus
the augur. All these did he exhort saying, "Hear me, allies from other
cities who are here in your thousands, it was not in order to have
a crowd about me that I called you hither each from his several city,
but that with heart and soul you might defend the wives and little
ones of the Trojans from the fierce Achaeans. For this do I oppress
my people with your food and the presents that make you rich. Therefore
turn, and charge at the foe, to stand oM
r fall as is the game of war;
whoever shall bring Patroclus, dead though he be, into the hands of
the Trojans, and shall make Ajax give way before him, I will give
him one half of the spoils while I keep the other. He will thus share
like honour with myself."
When he had thus spoken they charged full weight upon the Danaans
with their spears held out before them, and the hopes of each ran
high that he should force Ajax son of Telamon to yield up the body-
fools that they were, for he was about to take thM
Then Ajax said to Menelaus, "My good friend Menelaus, you and I shall
hardly come out of this fight alive. I am less concerned for the body
of Patroclus, who will shortly become meat for the dogs and vultures
of Troy, than for the safety of my own head and yours. Hector has
wrapped us round in a storm of battle from every quarter, and our
destruction seems now certain. Call then upon the princes of the Danaans
if there is any who can hear us."
Menelaus did as he said, and shouted to the M
Danaans for help at the
top of his voice. "My friends," he cried, "princes and counsellors
of the Argives, all you who with Agamemnon and Menelaus drink at the
public cost, and give orders each to his own people as Jove vouchsafes
him power and glory, the fight is so thick about me that I cannot
distinguish you severally; come on, therefore, every man unbidden,
and think it shame that Patroclus should become meat and morsel for
Fleet Ajax son of Oileus heard him and was first to force hisM
through the fight and run to help him. Next came Idomeneus and Meriones
his esquire, peer of murderous Mars. As for the others that came into
the fight after these, who of his own self could name them?
The Trojans with Hector at their head charged in a body. As a great
wave that comes thundering in at the mouth of some heaven-born river,
and the rocks that jut into the sea ring with the roar of the breakers
that beat and buffet them- even with such a roar did the Trojans come
on; but the Achaeans in M
singleness of heart stood firm about the son
of Menoetius, and fenced him with their bronze shields. Jove, moreover,
hid the brightness of their helmets in a thick cloud, for he had borne
no grudge against the son of Menoetius while he was still alive and
squire to the descendant of Aeacus; therefore he was loth to let him
fall a prey to the dogs of his foes the Trojans, and urged his comrades
At first the Trojans drove the Achaeans back, and they withdrew from
the dead man daunted. TheM
Trojans did not succeed in killing any one,
nevertheless they drew the body away. But the Achaeans did not lose
it long, for Ajax, foremost of all the Danaans after the son of Peleus
alike in stature and prowess, quickly rallied them and made towards
the front like a wild boar upon the mountains when he stands at bay
in the forest glades and routs the hounds and lusty youths that have
attacked him- even so did Ajax son of Telamon passing easily in among
the phalanxes of the Trojans, disperse those who had bM
and were most bent on winning glory by dragging him off to their city.
At this moment Hippothous brave son of the Pelasgian Lethus, in his
zeal for Hector and the Trojans, was dragging the body off by the
foot through the press of the fight, having bound a strap round the
sinews near the ancle; but a mischief soon befell him from which none
of those could save him who would have gladly done so, for the son
of Telamon sprang forward and smote him on his bronze-cheeked helmet.
eadpiece broke about the point of the weapon, struck at
once by the spear and by the strong hand of Ajax, so that the bloody
brain came oozing out through the crest-socket. His strength then
failed him and he let Patroclus' foot drop from his hand, as he fell
full length dead upon the body; thus he died far from the fertile
land of Larissa, and never repaid his parents the cost of bringing
him up, for his life was cut short early by the spear of mighty Ajax.
Hector then took aim at Ajax with a spear, but he M
just managed to avoid it; the spear passed on and struck Schedius
son of noble Iphitus, captain of the Phoceans, who dwelt in famed
Panopeus and reigned over much people; it struck him under the middle
of the collar-bone the bronze point went right through him, coming
out at the bottom of his shoulder-blade, and his armour rang rattling
round him as he fell heavily to the ground. Ajax in his turn struck
noble Phorcys son of Phaenops in the middle of the belly as he was
bestriding HippothouM
s, and broke the plate of his cuirass; whereon
the spear tore out his entrails and he clutched the ground in his
palm as he fell to earth. Hector and those who were in the front rank
then gave ground, while the Argives raised a loud cry of triumph,
and drew off the bodies of Phorcys and Hippothous which they stripped
presently of their armour.
The Trojans would now have been worsted by the brave Achaeans and
driven back to Ilius through their own cowardice, while the Argives,
so great was their courage aM
nd endurance, would have achieved a triumph
even against the will of Jove, if Apollo had not roused Aeneas, in
the likeness of Periphas son of Epytus, an attendant who had grown
old in the service of Aeneas' aged father, and was at all times devoted
to him. In his likeness, then, Apollo said, "Aeneas, can you not manage,
even though heaven be against us, to save high Ilius? I have known
men, whose numbers, courage, and self-reliance have saved their people
in spite of Jove, whereas in this case he would muchM
rather give victory
to us than to the Danaans, if you would only fight instead of being
so terribly afraid."
Aeneas knew Apollo when he looked straight at him, and shouted to
Hector saying, "Hector and all other Trojans and allies, shame on
us if we are beaten by the Achaeans and driven back to Ilius through
our own cowardice. A god has just come up to me and told me that Jove
the supreme disposer will be with us. Therefore let us make for the
Danaans, that it may go hard with them ere they bear away deM
As he spoke he sprang out far in front of the others, who then rallied
and again faced the Achaeans. Aeneas speared Leiocritus son of Arisbas,
a valiant follower of Lycomedes, and Lycomedes was moved with pity
as he saw him fall; he therefore went close up, and speared Apisaon
son of Hippasus shepherd of his people in the liver under the midriff,
so that he died; he had come from fertile Paeonia and was the best
man of them all after Asteropaeus. Asteropaeus flew forward to avM
him and attack the Danaans, but this might no longer be, inasmuch
as those about Patroclus were well covered by their shields, and held
their spears in front of them, for Ajax had given them strict orders
that no man was either to give ground, or to stand out before the
others, but all were to hold well together about the body and fight
hand to hand. Thus did huge Ajax bid them, and the earth ran red with
blood as the corpses fell thick on one another alike on the side of
the Trojans and allies, and onM
that of the Danaans; for these last,
too, fought no bloodless fight though many fewer of them perished,
through the care they took to defend and stand by one another.
Thus did they fight as it were a flaming fire; it seemed as though
it had gone hard even with the sun and moon, for they were hidden
over all that part where the bravest heroes were fighting about the
dead son of Menoetius, whereas the other Danaans and Achaeans fought
at their ease in full daylight with brilliant sunshine all round them,
nd there was not a cloud to be seen neither on plain nor mountain.
These last moreover would rest for a while and leave off fighting,
for they were some distance apart and beyond the range of one another's
weapons, whereas those who were in the thick of the fray suffered
both from battle and darkness. All the best of them were being worn
out by the great weight of their armour, but the two valiant heroes,
Thrasymedes and Antilochus, had not yet heard of the death of Patroclus,
and believed him to be still alM
ive and leading the van against the
Trojans; they were keeping themselves in reserve against the death
or rout of their own comrades, for so Nestor had ordered when he sent
them from the ships into battle.
Thus through the livelong day did they wage fierce war, and the sweat
of their toil rained ever on their legs under them, and on their hands
and eyes, as they fought over the squire of the fleet son of Peleus.
It was as when a man gives a great ox-hide all drenched in fat to
his men, and bids them streM
tch it; whereon they stand round it in
a ring and tug till the moisture leaves it, and the fat soaks in for
the many that pull at it, and it is well stretched- even so did the
two sides tug the dead body hither and thither within the compass
of but a little space- the Trojans steadfastly set on drag ing it
into Ilius, while the Achaeans were no less so on taking it to their
ships; and fierce was the fight between them. Not Mars himself the
lord of hosts, nor yet Minerva, even in their fullest fury could makeM
light of such a battle.
Such fearful turmoil of men and horses did Jove on that day ordain
round the body of Patroclus. Meanwhile Achilles did not know that
he had fallen, for the fight was under the wall of Troy a long way
off the ships. He had no idea, therefore, that Patroclus was dead,
and deemed that he would return alive as soon as he had gone close
up to the gates. He knew that he was not to sack the city neither
with nor without himself, for his mother had often told him this when
one with her, and she had informed him of the counsels
of great Jove. Now, however, she had not told him how great a disaster
had befallen him in the death of the one who was far dearest to him
of all his comrades.
The others still kept on charging one another round the body with
their pointed spears and killing each other. Then would one say, "My
friends, we can never again show our faces at the ships- better, and
greatly better, that earth should open and swallow us here in this
place, than that we shoM
uld let the Trojans have the triumph of bearing
off Patroclus to their city."
The Trojans also on their part spoke to one another saying, "Friends,
though we fall to a man beside this body, let none shrink from fighting."
With such words did they exhort each other. They fought and fought,
and an iron clank rose through the void air to the brazen vault of
heaven. The horses of the descendant of Aeacus stood out of the fight
and wept when they heard that their driver had been laid low by the
ous Hector. Automedon, valiant son of Diores, lashed
them again and again; many a time did he speak kindly to them, and
many a time did he upbraid them, but they would neither go back to
the ships by the waters of the broad Hellespont, nor yet into battle
among the Achaeans; they stood with their chariot stock still, as
a pillar set over the tomb of some dead man or woman, and bowed their
heads to the ground. Hot tears fell from their eyes as they mourned
the loss of their charioteer, and their noble manes dM
from under the yokestraps on either side the yoke.
The son of Saturn saw them and took pity upon their sorrow. He wagged
his head, and muttered to himself, saying, "Poor things, why did we
give you to King Peleus who is a mortal, while you are yourselves
ageless and immortal? Was it that you might share the sorrows that
befall mankind? for of all creatures that live and move upon the earth
there is none so pitiable as he is- still, Hector son of Priam shall
drive neither you nor your chariM
ot. I will not have it. It is enough
that he should have the armour over which he vaunts so vainly. Furthermore
I will give you strength of heart and limb to bear Automedon safely
to the ships from battle, for I shall let the Trojans triumph still
further, and go on killing till they reach the ships; whereon night
shall fall and darkness overshadow the land."
As he spoke he breathed heart and strength into the horses so that
they shook the dust from out of their manes, and bore their chariot
the fight that raged between Trojans and Achaeans. Behind
them fought Automedon full of sorrow for his comrade, as a vulture
amid a flock of geese. In and out, and here and there, full speed
he dashed amid the throng of the Trojans, but for all the fury of
his pursuit he killed no man, for he could not wield his spear and
keep his horses in hand when alone in the chariot; at last, however,
a comrade, Alcimedon, son of Laerces son of Haemon caught sight of
him and came up behind his chariot. "Automedon," saiM
has put this folly into your heart and robbed you of your right mind,
that you fight the Trojans in the front rank single-handed? He who
was your comrade is slain, and Hector plumes himself on being armed
in the armour of the descendant of Aeacus."
Automedon son of Diores answered, "Alcimedon, there is no one else
who can control and guide the immortal steeds so well as you can,
save only Patroclus- while he was alive- peer of gods in counsel.
Take then the whip and reins, while I go downM
from the car and fight.
Alcimedon sprang on to the chariot, and caught up the whip and reins,
while Automedon leaped from off the car. When Hector saw him he said
to Aeneas who was near him, "Aeneas, counsellor of the mail-clad Trojans,
I see the steeds of the fleet son of Aeacus come into battle with
weak hands to drive them. I am sure, if you think well, that we might
take them; they will not dare face us if we both attack them."
The valiant son of Anchises was of the same mind, and the pair went
ht on, with their shoulders covered under shields of tough dry
ox-hide, overlaid with much bronze. Chromius and Aretus went also
with them, and their hearts beat high with hope that they might kill
the men and capture the horses- fools that they were, for they were
not to return scatheless from their meeting with Automedon, who prayed
to father Jove and was forthwith filled with courage and strength
abounding. He turned to his trusty comrade Alcimedon and said, "Alcimedon,
keep your horses so close up that IM
may feel their breath upon my
back; I doubt that we shall not stay Hector son of Priam till he has
killed us and mounted behind the horses; he will then either spread
panic among the ranks of the Achaeans, or himself be killed among
On this he cried out to the two Ajaxes and Menelaus, "Ajaxes captains
of the Argives, and Menelaus, give the dead body over to them that
are best able to defend it, and come to the rescue of us living; for
Hector and Aeneas who are the two best men among the TM
pressing us hard in the full tide of war. Nevertheless the issue lies
on the lap of heaven, I will therefore hurl my spear and leave the
He poised and hurled as he spoke, whereon the spear struck the round
shield of Aretus, and went right through it for the shield stayed
it not, so that it was driven through his belt into the lower part
of his belly. As when some sturdy youth, axe in hand, deals his blow
behind the horns of an ox and severs the tendons at the back of its
so that it springs forward and then drops, even so did Aretus
give one bound and then fall on his back the spear quivering in his
body till it made an end of him. Hector then aimed a spear at Automedon
but he saw it coming and stooped forward to avoid it, so that it flew
past him and the point stuck in the ground, while the butt-end went
on quivering till Mars robbed it of its force. They would then have
fought hand to hand with swords had not the two Ajaxes forced their
way through the crowd when they heardM
their comrade calling, and parted
them for all their fury- for Hector, Aeneas, and Chromius were afraid
and drew back, leaving Aretus to lie there struck to the heart. Automedon,
peer of fleet Mars, then stripped him of his armour and vaunted over
him saying, "I have done little to assuage my sorrow for the son of
Menoetius, for the man I have killed is not so good as he was."
As he spoke he took the blood-stained spoils and laid them upon his
chariot; then he mounted the car with his hands and feet all sM
in gore as a lion that has been gorging upon a bull.
And now the fierce groanful fight again raged about Patroclus, for
Minerva came down from heaven and roused its fury by the command of
far-seeing Jove, who had changed his mind and sent her to encourage
the Danaans. As when Jove bends his bright bow in heaven in token
to mankind either of war or of the chill storms that stay men from
their labour and plague the flocks- even so, wrapped in such radiant
raiment, did Minerva go in among the host anM
d speak man by man to
each. First she took the form and voice of Phoenix and spoke to Menelaus
son of Atreus, who was standing near her. "Menelaus," said she, "it
will be shame and dishonour to you, if dogs tear the noble comrade
of Achilles under the walls of Troy. Therefore be staunch, and urge
your men to be so also."
Menelaus answered, "Phoenix, my good old friend, may Minerva vouchsafe
me strength and keep the darts from off me, for so shall I stand by
Patroclus and defend him; his death has gone toM
my heart, but Hector
is as a raging fire and deals his blows without ceasing, for Jove
is now granting him a time of triumph."
Minerva was pleased at his having named herself before any of the
other gods. Therefore she put strength into his knees and shoulders,
and made him as bold as a fly, which, though driven off will yet come
again and bite if it can, so dearly does it love man's blood- even
so bold as this did she make him as he stood over Patroclus and threw
his spear. Now there was among the TrojM
ans a man named Podes, son
of Eetion, who was both rich and valiant. Hector held him in the highest
honour for he was his comrade and boon companion; the spear of Menelaus
struck this man in the girdle just as he had turned in flight, and
went right through him. Whereon he fell heavily forward, and Menelaus
son of Atreus drew off his body from the Trojans into the ranks of
Apollo then went up to Hector and spurred him on to fight, in the
likeness of Phaenops son of Asius who lived in AbydM
most favoured of all Hector's guests. In his likeness Apollo said,
"Hector, who of the Achaeans will fear you henceforward now that you
have quailed before Menelaus who has ever been rated poorly as a soldier?
Yet he has now got a corpse away from the Trojans single-handed, and
has slain your own true comrade, a man brave among the foremost, Podes
A dark cloud of grief fell upon Hector as he heard, and he made his
way to the front clad in full armour. Thereon the son of SatuM
his bright tasselled aegis, and veiled Ida in cloud: he sent forth
his lightnings and his thunders, and as he shook his aegis he gave
victory to the Trojans and routed the Achaeans.
The panic was begun by Peneleos the Boeotian, for while keeping his
face turned ever towards the foe he had been hit with a spear on the
upper part of the shoulder; a spear thrown by Polydamas had grazed
the top of the bone, for Polydamas had come up to him and struck him
from close at hand. Then Hector in close comM
bat struck Leitus son
of noble Alectryon in the hand by the wrist, and disabled him from
fighting further. He looked about him in dismay, knowing that never
again should he wield spear in battle with the Trojans. While Hector
was in pursuit of Leitus, Idomeneus struck him on the breastplate
over his chest near the nipple; but the spear broke in the shaft,
and the Trojans cheered aloud. Hector then aimed at Idomeneus son
of Deucalion as he was standing on his chariot, and very narrowly
missed him, but the spM
ear hit Coiranus, a follower and charioteer
of Meriones who had come with him from Lyctus. Idomeneus had left
the ships on foot and would have afforded a great triumph to the Trojans
if Coiranus had not driven quickly up to him, he therefore brought
life and rescue to Idomeneus, but himself fell by the hand of murderous
Hector. For Hector hit him on the jaw under the ear; the end of the
spear drove out his teeth and cut his tongue in two pieces, so that
he fell from his chariot and let the reins fall to the M
gathered them up from the ground and took them into his own hands,
then he said to Idomeneus, "Lay on, till you get back to the ships,
for you must see that the day is no longer ours."
On this Idomeneus lashed the horses to the ships, for fear had taken
Ajax and Menelaus noted how Jove had turned the scale in favour of
the Trojans, and Ajax was first to speak. "Alas," said he, "even a
fool may see that father Jove is helping the Trojans. All their weapons
no matter whether it be a brave man or a coward that
hurls them, Jove speeds all alike, whereas ours fall each one of them
without effect. What, then, will be best both as regards rescuing
the body, and our return to the joy of our friends who will be grieving
as they look hitherwards; for they will make sure that nothing can
now check the terrible hands of Hector, and that he will fling himself
upon our ships. I wish that some one would go and tell the son of
Peleus at once, for I do not think he can have yM
et heard the sad news
that the dearest of his friends has fallen. But I can see not a man
among the Achaeans to send, for they and their chariots are alike
hidden in darkness. O father Jove, lift this cloud from over the sons
of the Achaeans; make heaven serene, and let us see; if you will that
we perish, let us fall at any rate by daylight."
Father Jove heard him and had compassion upon his tears. Forthwith
he chased away the cloud of darkness, so that the sun shone out and
all the fighting was revealedM
. Ajax then said to Menelaus, "Look,
Menelaus, and if Antilochus son of Nestor be still living, send him
at once to tell Achilles that by far the dearest to him of all his
comrades has fallen."
Menelaus heeded his words and went his way as a lion from a stockyard-
the lion is tired of attacking the men and hounds, who keep watch
the whole night through and will not let him feast on the fat of their
herd. In his lust of meat he makes straight at them but in vain, for
darts from strong hands assail him, anM
d burning brands which daunt
him for all his hunger, so in the morning he slinks sulkily away-
even so did Menelaus sorely against his will leave Patroclus, in great
fear lest the Achaeans should be driven back in rout and let him fall
into the hands of the foe. He charged Meriones and the two Ajaxes
straitly saying, "Ajaxes and Meriones, leaders of the Argives, now
indeed remember how good Patroclus was; he was ever courteous while
alive, bear it in mind now that he is dead."
With this Menelaus left theM
m, looking round him as keenly as an eagle,
whose sight they say is keener than that of any other bird- however
high he may be in the heavens, not a hare that runs can escape him
by crouching under bush or thicket, for he will swoop down upon it
and make an end of it- even so, O Menelaus, did your keen eyes range
round the mighty host of your followers to see if you could find the
son of Nestor still alive. Presently Menelaus saw him on the extreme
left of the battle cheering on his men and exhorting them toM
boldly. Menelaus went up to him and said, "Antilochus, come here and
listen to sad news, which I would indeed were untrue. You must see
with your own eyes that heaven is heaping calamity upon the Danaans,
and giving victory to the Trojans. Patroclus has fallen, who was the
bravest of the Achaeans, and sorely will the Danaans miss him. Run
instantly to the ships and tell Achilles, that he may come to rescue
the body and bear it to the ships. As for the armour, Hector already
s struck with horror. For a long time he was speechless;
his eyes filled with tears and he could find no utterance, but he
did as Menelaus had said, and set off running as soon as he had given
his armour to a comrade, Laodocus, who was wheeling his horses round,
Thus, then, did he run weeping from the field, to carry the bad news
to Achilles son of Peleus. Nor were you, O Menelaus, minded to succour
his harassed comrades, when Antilochus had left the Pylians- and greatly
im- but he sent them noble Thrasymedes, and himself
went back to Patroclus. He came running up to the two Ajaxes and said,
"I have sent Antilochus to the ships to tell Achilles, but rage against
Hector as he may, he cannot come, for he cannot fight without armour.
What then will be our best plan both as regards rescuing the dead,
and our own escape from death amid the battle-cries of the Trojans?"
Ajax answered, "Menelaus, you have said well: do you, then, and Meriones
stoop down, raise the body, and bear M
it out of the fray, while we
two behind you keep off Hector and the Trojans, one in heart as in
name, and long used to fighting side by side with one another."
On this Menelaus and Meriones took the dead man in their arms and
lifted him high aloft with a great effort. The Trojan host raised
a hue and cry behind them when they saw the Achaeans bearing the body
away, and flew after them like hounds attacking a wounded boar at
the loo of a band of young huntsmen. For a while the hounds fly at
hey would tear him in pieces, but now and again he
turns on them in a fury, scaring and scattering them in all directions-
even so did the Trojans for a while charge in a body, striking with
sword and with spears pointed ai both the ends, but when the two Ajaxes
faced them and stood at bay, they would turn pale and no man dared
press on to fight further about the dead.
In this wise did the two heroes strain every nerve to bear the body
to the ships out of the fight. The battle raged round them like fierceM
flames that when once kindled spread like wildfire over a city, and
the houses fall in the glare of its burning- even such was the roar
and tramp of men and horses that pursued them as they bore Patroclus
from the field. Or as mules that put forth all their strength to draw
some beam or great piece of ship's timber down a rough mountain-track,
and they pant and sweat as they, go even so did Menelaus and pant
and sweat as they bore the body of Patroclus. Behind them the two
Ajaxes held stoutly out. As some M
wooded mountain-spur that stretches
across a plain will turn water and check the flow even of a great
river, nor is there any stream strong enough to break through it-
even so did the two Ajaxes face the Trojans and stern the tide of
their fighting though they kept pouring on towards them and foremost
among them all was Aeneas son of Anchises with valiant Hector. As
a flock of daws or starlings fall to screaming and chattering when
they see a falcon, foe to i'll small birds, come soaring near them,
did the Achaean youth raise a babel of cries as they fled
before Aeneas and Hector, unmindful of their former prowess. In the
rout of the Danaans much goodly armour fell round about the trench,
and of fighting there was no end.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Thus then did they fight as it were a flaming fire. Meanwhile the
fleet runner Antilochus, who had been sent as messenger, reached Achilles,
and found him sitting by his tall ships and boding thaM
indeed too surely true. "Alas," said he to himself in the heaviness
of his heart, "why are the Achaeans again scouring the plain and flocking
towards the ships? Heaven grant the gods be not now bringing that
sorrow upon me of which my mother Thetis spoke, saying that while
I was yet alive the bravest of the Myrmidons should fall before the
Trojans, and see the light of the sun no longer. I fear the brave
son of Menoetius has fallen through his own daring and yet I bade
him return to the ships asM
soon as he had driven back those that were
bringing fire against them, and not join battle with Hector."
As he was thus pondering, the son of Nestor came up to him and told
his sad tale, weeping bitterly the while. "Alas," he cried, "son of
noble Peleus, I bring you bad tidings, would indeed that they were
untrue. Patroclus has fallen, and a fight is raging about his naked
body- for Hector holds his armour."
A dark cloud of grief fell upon Achilles as he listened. He filled
both hands with dust from oM
ff the ground, and poured it over his head,
disfiguring his comely face, and letting the refuse settle over his
shirt so fair and new. He flung himself down all huge and hugely at
full length, and tore his hair with his hands. The bondswomen whom
Achilles and Patroclus had taken captive screamed aloud for grief,
beating their breasts, and with their limbs failing them for sorrow.
Antilochus bent over him the while, weeping and holding both his hands
as he lay groaning for he feared that he might plunge a kniM
his own throat. Then Achilles gave a loud cry and his mother heard
him as she was sitting in the depths of the sea by the old man her
father, whereon she screamed, and all the goddesses daughters of Nereus
that dwelt at the bottom of the sea, came gathering round her. There
were Glauce, Thalia and Cymodoce, Nesaia, Speo, thoe and dark-eyed
Halie, Cymothoe, Actaea and Limnorea, Melite, Iaera, Amphithoe and
Agave, Doto and Proto, Pherusa and Dynamene, Dexamene, Amphinome and
Callianeira, Doris, PanopeM
, and the famous sea-nymph Galatea, Nemertes,
Apseudes and Callianassa. There were also Clymene, Ianeira and Ianassa,
Maera, Oreithuia and Amatheia of the lovely locks, with other Nereids
who dwell in the depths of the sea. The crystal cave was filled with
their multitude and they all beat their breasts while Thetis led them
"Listen," she cried, "sisters, daughters of Nereus, that you may hear
the burden of my sorrows. Alas, woe is me, woe in that I have borne
the most glorious of offsprM
ing. I bore him fair and strong, hero among
heroes, and he shot up as a sapling; I tended him as a plant in a
goodly garden, and sent him with his ships to Ilius to fight the Trojans,
but never shall I welcome him back to the house of Peleus. So long
as he lives to look upon the light of the sun he is in heaviness,
and though I go to him I cannot help him. Nevertheless I will go,
that I may see my dear son and learn what sorrow has befallen him
though he is still holding aloof from battle."
cave as she spoke, while the others followed weeping
after, and the waves opened a path before them. When they reached
the rich plain of Troy, they came up out of the sea in a long line
on to the sands, at the place where the ships of the Myrmidons were
drawn up in close order round the tents of Achilles. His mother went
up to him as he lay groaning; she laid her hand upon his head and
spoke piteously, saying, "My son, why are you thus weeping? What sorrow
has now befallen you? Tell me; hide it not from me. M
granted you the prayer you made him, when you lifted up your hands
and besought him that the Achaeans might all of them be pent up at
their ships, and rue it bitterly in that you were no longer with them."
Achilles groaned and answered, "Mother, Olympian Jove has indeed vouchsafed
me the fulfilment of my prayer, but what boots it to me, seeing that
my dear comrade Patroclus has fallen- he whom I valued more than all
others, and loved as dearly as my own life? I have lost him; aye,
or when he had killed him stripped the wondrous armour, so
glorious to behold, which the gods gave to Peleus when they laid you
in the couch of a mortal man. Would that you were still dwelling among
the immortal sea-nymphs, and that Peleus had taken to himself some
mortal bride. For now you shall have grief infinite by reason of the
death of that son whom you can never welcome home- nay, I will not
live nor go about among mankind unless Hector fall by my spear, and
thus pay me for having slain Patroclus son M
Thetis wept and answered, "Then, my son, is your end near at hand-
for your own death awaits you full soon after that of Hector."
Then said Achilles in his great grief, "I would die here and now,
in that I could not save my comrade. He has fallen far from home,
and in his hour of need my hand was not there to help him. What is
there for me? Return to my own land I shall not, and I have brought
no saving neither to Patroclus nor to my other comrades of whom so
many have been slain by mightM
y Hector; I stay here by my ships a bootless
burden upon the earth, I, who in fight have no peer among the Achaeans,
though in council there are better than I. Therefore, perish strife
both from among gods and men, and anger, wherein even a righteous
man will harden his heart- which rises up in the soul of a man like
smoke, and the taste thereof is sweeter than drops of honey. Even
so has Agamemnon angered me. And yet- so be it, for it is over; I
will force my soul into subjection as I needs must; I will go;M
pursue Hector who has slain him whom I loved so dearly, and will then
abide my doom when it may please Jove and the other gods to send it.
Even Hercules, the best beloved of Jove- even he could not escape
the hand of death, but fate and Juno's fierce anger laid him low,
as I too shall lie when I am dead if a like doom awaits me. Till then
I will win fame, and will bid Trojan and Dardanian women wring tears
from their tender cheeks with both their hands in the grievousness
of their great sorrow; thusM
shall they know that he who has held aloof
so long will hold aloof no longer. Hold me not back, therefore, in
the love you bear me, for you shall not move me."
Then silver-footed Thetis answered, "My son, what you have said is
true. It is well to save your comrades from destruction, but your
armour is in the hands of the Trojans; Hector bears it in triumph
upon his own shoulders. Full well I know that his vaunt shall not
be lasting, for his end is close at hand; go not, however, into the
till you see me return hither; to-morrow at break
of day I shall be here, and will bring you goodly armour from King
On this she left her brave son, and as she turned away she said to
the sea-nymphs her sisters, "Dive into the bosom of the sea and go
to the house of the old sea-god my father. Tell him everything; as
for me, I will go to the cunning workman Vulcan on high Olympus, and
ask him to provide my son with a suit of splendid armour."
When she had so said, they dived forthwith beneath M
silver-footed Thetis went her way that she might bring the armour
Thus, then, did her feet bear the goddess to Olympus, and meanwhile
the Achaeans were flying with loud cries before murderous Hector till
they reached the ships and the Hellespont, and they could not draw
the body of Mars's servant Patroclus out of reach of the weapons that
were showered upon him, for Hector son of Priam with his host and
horsemen had again caught up to him like the flame of a fiery furnace;
thrice did brave Hector seize him by the feet, striving with might
and main to draw him away and calling loudly on the Trojans, and thrice
did the two Ajaxes, clothed in valour as with a garment, beat him
from off the body; but all undaunted he would now charge into the
thick of the fight, and now again he would stand still and cry aloud,
but he would give no ground. As upland shepherds that cannot chase
some famished lion from a carcase, even so could not the two Ajaxes
scare Hector son of Priam from the boM
And now he would even have dragged it off and have won imperishable
glory, had not Iris fleet as the wind, winged her way as messenger
from Olympus to the son of Peleus and bidden him arm. She came secretly
without the knowledge of Jove and of the other gods, for Juno sent
her, and when she had got close to him she said, "Up, son of Peleus,
mightiest of all mankind; rescue Patroclus about whom this fearful
fight is now raging by the ships. Men are killing one another, the
nce of the dead body, while the Trojans are trying
to hale it away, and take it to wind Ilius: Hector is the most furious
of them all; he is for cutting the head from the body and fixing it
on the stakes of the wall. Up, then, and bide here no longer; shrink
from the thought that Patroclus may become meat for the dogs of Troy.
Shame on you, should his body suffer any kind of outrage."
And Achilles said, "Iris, which of the gods was it that sent you to
Iris answered, "It was Juno the royal spouse oM
of Saturn does not know of my coming, nor yet does any other of the
immortals who dwell on the snowy summits of Olympus."
Then fleet Achilles answered her saying, "How can I go up into the
battle? They have my armour. My mother forbade me to arm till I should
see her come, for she promised to bring me goodly armour from Vulcan;
I know no man whose arms I can put on, save only the shield of Ajax
son of Telamon, and he surely must be fighting in the front rank and
wielding his spear aboM
ut the body of dead Patroclus."
Iris said, 'We know that your armour has been taken, but go as you
are; go to the deep trench and show yourelf before the Trojans, that
they may fear you and cease fighting. Thus will the fainting sons
of the Achaeans gain some brief breathing-time, which in battle may
Iris left him when she had so spoken. But Achilles dear to Jove arose,
and Minerva flung her tasselled aegis round his strong shoulders;
she crowned his head with a halo of golden cloud from wM
a glow of gleaming fire. As the smoke that goes up into heaven from
some city that is being beleaguered on an island far out at sea- all
day long do men sally from the city and fight their hardest, and at
the going down of the sun the line of beacon-fires blazes forth, flaring
high for those that dwell near them to behold, if so be that they
may come with their ships and succour them- even so did the light
flare from the head of Achilles, as he stood by the trench, going
beyond the wall- buM
t he aid not join the Achaeans for he heeded the
charge which his mother laid upon him.
There did he stand and shout aloud. Minerva also raised her voice
from afar, and spread terror unspeakable among the Trojans. Ringing
as the note of a trumpet that sounds alarm then the foe is at the
gates of a city, even so brazen was the voice of the son of Aeacus,
and when the Trojans heard its clarion tones they were dismayed; the
horses turned back with their chariots for they boded mischief, and
re awe-struck by the steady flame which the grey-eyed
goddess had kindled above the head of the great son of Peleus.
Thrice did Achilles raise his loud cry as he stood by the trench,
and thrice were the Trojans and their brave allies thrown into confusion;
whereon twelve of their noblest champions fell beneath the wheels
of their chariots and perished by their own spears. The Achaeans to
their great joy then drew Patroclus out of reach of the weapons, and
laid him on a litter: his comrades stood mourning rM
them fleet Achilles who wept bitterly as he saw his true comrade lying
dead upon his bier. He had sent him out with horses and chariots into
battle, but his return he was not to welcome.
Then Juno sent the busy sun, loth though he was, into the waters of
Oceanus; so he set, and the Achaeans had rest from the tug and turmoil
Now the Trojans when they had come out of the fight, unyoked their
horses and gathered in assembly before preparing their supper. They
nor would any dare to sit down, for fear had fallen
upon them all because Achilles had shown himself after having held
aloof so long from battle. Polydamas son of Panthous was first to
speak, a man of judgement, who alone among them could look both before
and after. He was comrade to Hector, and they had been born upon the
same night; with all sincerity and goodwill, therefore, he addressed
"Look to it well, my friends; I would urge you to go back now to your
city and not wait here by the shM
ips till morning, for we are far from
our walls. So long as this man was at enmity with Agamemnon the Achaeans
were easier to deal with, and I would have gladly camped by the ships
in the hope of taking them; but now I go in great fear of the fleet
son of Peleus; he is so daring that he will never bide here on the
plain whereon the Trojans and Achaeans fight with equal valour, but
he will try to storm our city and carry off our women. Do then as
I say, and let us retreat. For this is what will happen. The daM
of night will for a time stay the son of Peleus, but if he find us
here in the morning when he sallies forth in full armour, we shall
have knowledge of him in good earnest. Glad indeed will he be who
can escape and get back to Ilius, and many a Trojan will become meat
for dogs and vultures may I never live to hear it. If we do as I say,
little though we may like it, we shall have strength in counsel during
the night, and the great gates with the doors that close them will
protect the city. At dawn weM
can arm and take our stand on the walls;
he will then rue it if he sallies from the ships to fight us. He will
go back when he has given his horses their fill of being driven all
whithers under our walls, and will be in no mind to try and force
his way into the city. Neither will he ever sack it, dogs shall devour
Hector looked fiercely at him and answered, "Polydamas, your words
are not to my liking in that you bid us go back and be pent within
the city. Have you not had enough of beM
ing cooped up behind walls?
In the old-days the city of Priam was famous the whole world over
for its wealth of gold and bronze, but our treasures are wasted out
of our houses, and much goods have been sold away to Phrygia and fair
Meonia, for the hand of Jove has been laid heavily upon us. Now, therefore,
that the son of scheming Saturn has vouchsafed me to win glory here
and to hem the Achaeans in at their ships, prate no more in this fool's
wise among the people. You will have no man with you; it shall noM
be; do all of you as I now say;- take your suppers in your companies
throughout the host, and keep your watches and be wakeful every man
of you. If any Trojan is uneasy about his possessions, let him gather
them and give them out among the people. Better let these, rather
than the Achaeans, have them. At daybreak we will arm and fight about
the ships; granted that Achilles has again come forward to defend
them, let it be as he will, but it shall go hard with him. I shall
not shun him, but will fight him, M
to fall or conquer. The god of war
deals out like measure to all, and the slayer may yet be slain."
Thus spoke Hector; and the Trojans, fools that they were, shouted
in applause, for Pallas Minerva had robbed them of their understanding.
They gave ear to Hector with his evil counsel, but the wise words
of Polydamas no man would heed. They took their supper throughout
the host, and meanwhile through the whole night the Achaeans mourned
Patroclus, and the son of Peleus led them in their lament. He laid
murderous hands upon the breast of his comrade, groaning again
and again as a bearded lion when a man who was chasing deer has robbed
him of his young in some dense forest; when the lion comes back he
is furious, and searches dingle and dell to track the hunter if he
can find him, for he is mad with rage- even so with many a sigh did
Achilles speak among the Myrmidons saying, "Alas! vain were the words
with which I cheered the hero Menoetius in his own house; I said that
I would bring his brave son back agaiM
n to Opoeis after he had sacked
Ilius and taken his share of the spoils- but Jove does not give all
men their heart's desire. The same soil shall be reddened here at
Troy by the blood of us both, for I too shall never be welcomed home
by the old knight Peleus, nor by my mother Thetis, but even in this
place shall the earth cover me. Nevertheless, O Patroclus, now that
I am left behind you, I will not bury you, till I have brought hither
the head and armour of mighty Hector who has slain you. Twelve noble
ns of Trojans will I behead before your bier to avenge you; till
I have done so you shall lie as you are by the ships, and fair women
of Troy and Dardanus, whom we have taken with spear and strength of
arm when we sacked men's goodly cities, shall weep over you both night
Then Achilles told his men to set a large tripod upon the fire that
they might wash the clotted gore from off Patroclus. Thereon they
set a tripod full of bath water on to a clear fire: they threw sticks
on to it to make it blM
aze, and the water became hot as the flame played
about the belly of the tripod. When the water in the cauldron was
boiling they washed the body, anointed it with oil, and closed its
wounds with ointment that had been kept nine years. Then they laid
it on a bier and covered it with a linen cloth from head to foot,
and over this they laid a fair white robe. Thus all night long did
the Myrmidons gather round Achilles to mourn Patroclus.
Then Jove said to Juno his sister-wife, "So, Queen Juno, you have
ed your end, and have roused fleet Achilles. One would think that
the Achaeans were of your own flesh and blood."
And Juno answered, "Dread son of Saturn, why should you say this thing?
May not a man though he be only mortal and knows less than we do,
do what he can for another person? And shall not I- foremost of all
goddesses both by descent and as wife to you who reign in heaven-
devise evil for the Trojans if I am angry with them?"
Thus did they converse. Meanwhile Thetis came to the house of VulcaM
imperishable, star-bespangled, fairest of the abodes in heaven, a
house of bronze wrought by the lame god's own hands. She found him
busy with his bellows, sweating and hard at work, for he was making
twenty tripods that were to stand by the wall of his house, and he
set wheels of gold under them all that they might go of their own
selves to the assemblies of the gods, and come back again- marvels
indeed to see. They were finished all but the ears of cunning workmanship
which yet remained to be fixed to M
them: these he was now fixing, and
he was hammering at the rivets. While he was thus at work silver-footed
Thetis came to the house. Charis, of graceful head-dress, wife to
the far-famed lame god, came towards her as soon as she saw her, and
took her hand in her own, saying, "Why have you come to our house,
Thetis, honoured and ever welcome- for you do not visit us often?
Come inside and let me set refreshment before you."
The goddess led the way as she spoke, and bade Thetis sit on a richly
at inlaid with silver; there was a footstool also under
her feet. Then she called Vulcan and said, "Vulcan, come here, Thetis
wants you"; and the far-famed lame god answered, "Then it is indeed
an august and honoured goddess who has come here; she it was that
took care of me when I was suffering from the heavy fall which I had
through my cruel mother's anger- for she would have got rid of me
because I was lame. It would have gone hardly with me had not Eurynome,
daughter of the ever-encircling waters of OceaM
nus, and Thetis, taken
me to their bosom. Nine years did I stay with them, and many beautiful
works in bronze, brooches, spiral armlets, cups, and chains, did I
make for them in their cave, with the roaring waters of Oceanus foaming
as they rushed ever past it; and no one knew, neither of gods nor
men, save only Thetis and Eurynome who took care of me. If, then,
Thetis has come to my house I must make her due requital for having
saved me; entertain her, therefore, with all hospitality, while I
lows and all my tools."
On this the mighty monster hobbled off from his anvil, his thin legs
plying lustily under him. He set the bellows away from the fire, and
gathered his tools into a silver chest. Then he took a sponge and
washed his face and hands, his shaggy chest and brawny neck; he donned
his shirt, grasped his strong staff, and limped towards the door.
There were golden handmaids also who worked for him, and were like
real young women, with sense and reason, voice also and strength,
learning of the immortals; these busied themselves as
the king bade them, while he drew near to Thetis, seated her upon
a goodly seat, and took her hand in his own, saying, "Why have you
come to our house, Thetis honoured and ever welcome- for you do not
visit us often? Say what you want, and I will do it for you at once
if I can, and if it can be done at all."
Thetis wept and answered, "Vulcan, is there another goddess in Olympus
whom the son of Saturn has been pleased to try with so much affliction
he has me? Me alone of the marine goddesses did he make subject
to a mortal husband, Peleus son of Aeacus, and sorely against my will
did I submit to the embraces of one who was but mortal, and who now
stays at home worn out with age. Neither is this all. Heaven vouchsafed
me a son, hero among heroes, and he shot up as a sapling. I tended
him as a plant in a goodly garden and sent him with his ships to Ilius
to fight the Trojans, but never shall I welcome him back to the house
of Peleus. So long as he livesM
to look upon the light of the sun,
he is in heaviness, and though I go to him I cannot help him; King
Agamemnon has made him give up the maiden whom the sons of the Achaeans
had awarded him, and he wastes with sorrow for her sake. Then the
Trojans hemmed the Achaeans in at their ships' sterns and would not
let them come forth; the elders, therefore, of the Argives besought
Achilles and offered him great treasure, whereon he refused to bring
deliverance to them himself, but put his own armour on Patroclus anM
sent him into the fight with much people after him. All day long they
fought by the Scaean gates and would have taken the city there and
then, had not Apollo vouchsafed glory to Hector and slain the valiant
son of Menoetius after he had done the Trojans much evil. Therefore
I am suppliant at your knees if haply you may be pleased to provide
my son, whose end is near at hand, with helmet and shield, with goodly
greaves fitted with ancle-clasps, and with a breastplate, for he lost
his own when his true comrM
ade fell at the hands of the Trojans, and
he now lies stretched on earth in the bitterness of his soul."
And Vulcan answered, "Take heart, and be no more disquieted about
this matter; would that I could hide him from death's sight when his
hour is come, so surely as I can find him armour that shall amaze
the eyes of all who behold it."
When he had so said he left her and went to his bellows, turning them
towards the fire and bidding them do their office. Twenty bellows
blew upon the melting-pots, and tM
hey blew blasts of every kind, some
fierce to help him when he had need of them, and others less strong
as Vulcan willed it in the course of his work. He threw tough copper
into the fire, and tin, with silver and gold; he set his great anvil
on its block, and with one hand grasped his mighty hammer while he
took the tongs in the other.
First he shaped the shield so great and strong, adorning it all over
and binding it round with a gleaming circuit in three layers; and
the baldric was made of silver. He mM
ade the shield in five thicknesses,
and with many a wonder did his cunning hand enrich it.
He wrought the earth, the heavens, and the sea; the moon also at her
full and the untiring sun, with all the signs that glorify the face
of heaven- the Pleiads, the Hyads, huge Orion, and the Bear, which
men also call the Wain and which turns round ever in one place, facing.
Orion, and alone never dips into the stream of Oceanus.
He wrought also two cities, fair to see and busy with the hum of men.
re weddings and wedding-feasts, and they were going about
the city with brides whom they were escorting by torchlight from their
chambers. Loud rose the cry of Hymen, and the youths danced to the
music of flute and lyre, while the women stood each at her house door
Meanwhile the people were gathered in assembly, for there was a quarrel,
and two men were wrangling about the blood-money for a man who had
been killed, the one saying before the people that he had paid damages
in full, and the otM
her that he had not been paid. Each was trying
to make his own case good, and the people took sides, each man backing
the side that he had taken; but the heralds kept them back, and the
elders sate on their seats of stone in a solemn circle, holding the
staves which the heralds had put into their hands. Then they rose
and each in his turn gave judgement, and there were two talents laid
down, to be given to him whose judgement should be deemed the fairest.
About the other city there lay encamped two hosts iM
and they were divided whether to sack it, or to spare it and accept
the half of what it contained. But the men of the city would not yet
consent, and armed themselves for a surprise; their wives and little
children kept guard upon the walls, and with them were the men who
were past fighting through age; but the others sallied forth with
Mars and Pallas Minerva at their head- both of them wrought in gold
and clad in golden raiment, great and fair with their armour as befitting
they that followed were smaller. When they reached the
place where they would lay their ambush, it was on a riverbed to which
live stock of all kinds would come from far and near to water; here,
then, they lay concealed, clad in full armour. Some way off them there
were two scouts who were on the look-out for the coming of sheep or
cattle, which presently came, followed by two shepherds who were playing
on their pipes, and had not so much as a thought of danger. When those
who were in ambush saw this, they cM
ut off the flocks and herds and
killed the shepherds. Meanwhile the besiegers, when they heard much
noise among the cattle as they sat in council, sprang to their horses,
and made with all speed towards them; when they reached them they
set battle in array by the banks of the river, and the hosts aimed
their bronze-shod spears at one another. With them were Strife and
Riot, and fell Fate who was dragging three men after her, one with
a fresh wound, and the other unwounded, while the third was dead,
was dragging him along by his heel: and her robe was bedrabbled
in men's blood. They went in and out with one another and fought as
though they were living people haling away one another's dead.
He wrought also a fair fallow field, large and thrice ploughed already.
Many men were working at the plough within it, turning their oxen
to and fro, furrow after furrow. Each time that they turned on reaching
the headland a man would come up to them and give them a cup of wine,
and they would go back to their furrM
ows looking forward to the time
when they should again reach the headland. The part that they had
ploughed was dark behind them, so that the field, though it was of
gold, still looked as if it were being ploughed- very curious to behold.
He wrought also a field of harvest corn, and the reapers were reaping
with sharp sickles in their hands. Swathe after swathe fell to the
ground in a straight line behind them, and the binders bound them
in bands of twisted straw. There were three binders, and behind them
there were boys who gathered the cut corn in armfuls and kept on bringing
them to be bound: among them all the owner of the land stood by in
silence and was glad. The servants were getting a meal ready under
an oak, for they had sacrificed a great ox, and were busy cutting
him up, while the women were making a porridge of much white barley
for the labourers' dinner.
He wrought also a vineyard, golden and fair to see, and the vines
were loaded with grapes. The bunches overhead were black, but the
re trained on poles of silver. He ran a ditch of dark metal
all round it, and fenced it with a fence of tin; there was only one
path to it, and by this the vintagers went when they would gather
the vintage. Youths and maidens all blithe and full of glee, carried
the luscious fruit in plaited baskets; and with them there went a
boy who made sweet music with his lyre, and sang the Linus-song with
his clear boyish voice.
He wrought also a herd of homed cattle. He made the cows of gold and
d as they came full speed out of the yards to go
and feed among the waving reeds that grow by the banks of the river.
Along with the cattle there went four shepherds, all of them in gold,
and their nine fleet dogs went with them. Two terrible lions had fastened
on a bellowing bull that was with the foremost cows, and bellow as
he might they haled him, while the dogs and men gave chase: the lions
tore through the bull's thick hide and were gorging on his blood and
bowels, but the herdsmen were afraid to do anM
ything, and only hounded
on their dogs; the dogs dared not fasten on the lions but stood by
barking and keeping out of harm's way.
The god wrought also a pasture in a fair mountain dell, and large
flock of sheep, with a homestead and huts, and sheltered sheepfolds.
Furthermore he wrought a green, like that which Daedalus once made
in Cnossus for lovely Ariadne. Hereon there danced youths and maidens
whom all would woo, with their hands on one another's wrists. The
maidens wore robes of light linen, andM
the youths well woven shirts
that were slightly oiled. The girls were crowned with garlands, while
the young men had daggers of gold that hung by silver baldrics; sometimes
they would dance deftly in a ring with merry twinkling feet, as it
were a potter sitting at his work and making trial of his wheel to
see whether it will run, and sometimes they would go all in line with
one another, and much people was gathered joyously about the green.
There was a bard also to sing to them and play his lyre, while two
tumblers went about performing in the midst of them when the man struck
All round the outermost rim of the shield he set the mighty stream
of the river Oceanus.
Then when he had fashioned the shield so great and strong, he made
a breastplate also that shone brighter than fire. He made helmet,
close fitting to the brow, and richly worked, with a golden plume
overhanging it; and he made greaves also of beaten tin.
Lastly, when the famed lame god had made all the armour, he took it
and set it before the mother of Achilles; whereon she darted like
a falcon from the snowy summits of Olympus and bore away the gleaming
armour from the house of Vulcan.
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<title>FIRST BOOK OF THE KINGS</title>
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FIRST BOOK OF THE KINGS
<span>commonly called, The Third Book of the Kings</span>
<div class="content-table">
<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="#c10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="#c11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="#c12">12</a></li>
<li><a href="#c13">13</a></li>
i><a href="#c14">14</a></li>
<li><a href="#c15">15</a></li>
<li><a href="#c16">16</a></li>
<li><a href="#c17">17</a></li>
<li><a href="#c18">18</a></li>
<li><a href="#c19">19</a></li>
<li><a href="#c20">20</a></li>
<li><a href="#c21">21</a></li>
<li><a href="#c22">22</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now king David was old and stricken in years; and they covered him with clothes, but he gat no heat. <span class="ver">2<M
/span>Wherefore his servants said unto him, Let there be sought for my lord the king a young virgin: and let her stand before the king, and let her cherish him, and let her lie in thy bosom, that my lord the king may get heat. <span class="ver">3</span>So they sought for a fair damsel throughout all the coasts of Israel, and found Abishag a Shunammite, and brought her to the king. <span class="ver">4</span>And the damsel was very fair, and cherished the king, and ministered to him: but the king knew her not. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Then Adonijah the son of Haggith exalted himself, saying, I will be king: and he prepared him chariots and horsemen, and fifty men to run before him. <span class="ver">6</span>And his father had not displeased him at any time in saying, Why hast thou done so? and he also was a very goodly man; and his mother bare him after Absalom. <span class="ver">7</span>And he conferred with Joab the son of Zeruiah, and with Abiathar the priest: and they following Adonijah helped him. <span class="M
ver">8</span>But Zadok the priest, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and Nathan the prophet, and Shimei, and Rei, and the mighty men which belonged to David, were not with Adonijah. <span class="ver">9</span>And Adonijah slew sheep and oxen and fat cattle by the stone of Zoheleth, which is by En-rogel, and called all his brethren the king
s sons, and all the men of Judah the king
s servants: <span class="ver">10</span>But Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah, and the mighty men, and Solomon his brother, he called notM
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Wherefore Nathan spake unto Bath-sheba the mother of Solomon, saying, Hast thou not heard that Adonijah the son of Haggith doth reign, and David our lord knoweth it not? <span class="ver">12</span>Now therefore come, let me, I pray thee, give thee counsel, that thou mayest save thine own life, and the life of thy son Solomon. <span class="ver">13</span>Go and get thee in unto king David, and say unto him, Didst not thou, my lord, O king, swear unto thine handmaid, saying, AssuM
redly Solomon thy son shall reign after me, and he shall sit upon my throne? why then doth Adonijah reign? <span class="ver">14</span>Behold, while thou yet talkest there with the king, I also will come in after thee, and confirm thy words. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And Bath-sheba went in unto the king into the chamber: and the king was very old; and Abishag the Shunammite ministered unto the king. <span class="ver">16</span>And Bath-sheba bowed, and did obeisance unto the king. And the king said, What wM
ouldest thou? <span class="ver">17</span>And she said unto him, My lord, thou swarest by the LORD thy God unto thine handmaid, saying, Assuredly Solomon thy son shall reign after me, and he shall sit upon my throne. <span class="ver">18</span>And now, behold, Adonijah reigneth; and now, my lord the king, thou knowest it not: <span class="ver">19</span>And he hath slain oxen and fat cattle and sheep in abundance, and hath called all the sons of the king, and Abiathar the priest, and Joab the captain of the host: butM
Solomon thy servant hath he not called. <span class="ver">20</span>And thou, my lord, O king, the eyes of all Israel are upon thee, that thou shouldest tell them who shall sit on the throne of my lord the king after him. <span class="ver">21</span>Otherwise it shall come to pass, when my lord the king shall sleep with his fathers, that I and my son Solomon shall be counted offenders. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And, lo, while she yet talked with the king, Nathan the prophet also came in. <span class="ver"M
>23</span>And they told the king, saying, Behold Nathan the prophet. And when he was come in before the king, he bowed himself before the king with his face to the ground. <span class="ver">24</span>And Nathan said, My lord, O king, hast thou said, Adonijah shall reign after me, and he shall sit upon my throne? <span class="ver">25</span>For he is gone down this day, and hath slain oxen and fat cattle and sheep in abundance, and hath called all the king
s sons, and the captains of the host, and Abiathar the priesM
t; and, behold, they eat and drink before him, and say, God save king Adonijah. <span class="ver">26</span>But me, even me thy servant, and Zadok the priest, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and thy servant Solomon, hath he not called. <span class="ver">27</span>Is this thing done by my lord the king, and thou hast not shewed it unto thy servant, who should sit on the throne of my lord the king after him? </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>Then king David answered and said, Call me Bath-sheba. And she came into tM
s presence, and stood before the king. <span class="ver">29</span>And the king sware, and said, As the LORD liveth, that hath redeemed my soul out of all distress, <span class="ver">30</span>Even as I sware unto thee by the LORD God of Israel, saying, Assuredly Solomon thy son shall reign after me, and he shall sit upon my throne in my stead; even so will I certainly do this day. <span class="ver">31</span>Then Bath-sheba bowed with her face to the earth, and did reverence to the king, and said, Let my loM
rd king David live for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>And king David said, Call me Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada. And they came before the king. <span class="ver">33</span>The king also said unto them, Take with you the servants of your lord, and cause Solomon my son to ride upon mine own mule, and bring him down to Gihon: <span class="ver">34</span>And let Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet anoint him there king over Israel: and blow ye with the trumpet,M
and say, God save king Solomon. <span class="ver">35</span>Then ye shall come up after him, that he may come and sit upon my throne; for he shall be king in my stead: and I have appointed him to be ruler over Israel and over Judah. <span class="ver">36</span>And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada answered the king, and said, Amen: the LORD God of my lord the king say so too. <span class="ver">37</span>As the LORD hath been with my lord the king, even so be he with Solomon, and make his throne greater than the throne of mM
y lord king David. <span class="ver">38</span>So Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites, and the Pelethites, went down, and caused Solomon to ride upon king David
s mule, and brought him to Gihon. <span class="ver">39</span>And Zadok the priest took an horn of oil out of the tabernacle, and anointed Solomon. And they blew the trumpet; and all the people said, God save king Solomon. <span class="ver">40</span>And all the people came up after him, and the peopM
le piped with pipes, and rejoiced with great joy, so that the earth rent with the sound of them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">41</span>And Adonijah and all the guests that were with him heard it as they had made an end of eating. And when Joab heard the sound of the trumpet, he said, Wherefore is this noise of the city being in an uproar? <span class="ver">42</span>And while he yet spake, behold, Jonathan the son of Abiathar the priest came: and Adonijah said unto him, Come in; for thou art a valiant man, and bringeM
st good tidings. <span class="ver">43</span>And Jonathan answered and said to Adonijah, Verily our lord king David hath made Solomon king. <span class="ver">44</span>And the king hath sent with him Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites, and the Pelethites, and they have caused him to ride upon the king
s mule: <span class="ver">45</span>And Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet have anointed him king in Gihon: and they are come up from thence rejoicing, sM
o that the city rang again. This is the noise that ye have heard. <span class="ver">46</span>And also Solomon sitteth on the throne of the kingdom. <span class="ver">47</span>And moreover the king
s servants came to bless our lord king David, saying, God make the name of Solomon better than thy name, and make his throne greater than thy throne. And the king bowed himself upon the bed. <span class="ver">48</span>And also thus said the king, Blessed be the LORD God of Israel, which hath given one to sit on my thronM
e this day, mine eyes even seeing it. <span class="ver">49</span>And all the guests that were with Adonijah were afraid, and rose up, and went every man his way. </p>
<p><span class="ver">50</span>And Adonijah feared because of Solomon, and arose, and went, and caught hold on the horns of the altar. <span class="ver">51</span>And it was told Solomon, saying, Behold, Adonijah feareth king Solomon: for, lo, he hath caught hold on the horns of the altar, saying, Let king Solomon swear unto me to day that he will notM
slay his servant with the sword. <span class="ver">52</span>And Solomon said, If he will shew himself a worthy man, there shall not an hair of him fall to the earth: but if wickedness shall be found in him, he shall die. <span class="ver">53</span>So king Solomon sent, and they brought him down from the altar. And he came and bowed himself to king Solomon: and Solomon said unto him, Go to thine house.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now the days of David drew nigh that he should die; M
and he charged Solomon his son, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>I go the way of all the earth: be thou strong therefore, and shew thyself a man; <span class="ver">3</span>And keep the charge of the LORD thy God, to walk in his ways, to keep his statutes, and his commandments, and his judgments, and his testimonies, as it is written in the law of Moses, that thou mayest prosper in all that thou doest, and whithersoever thou turnest thyself: <span class="ver">4</span>That the LORD may continue his word which he spaM
ke concerning me, saying, If thy children take heed to their way, to walk before me in truth with all their heart and with all their soul, there shall not fail thee (said he) a man on the throne of Israel. <span class="ver">5</span>Moreover thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did to me, and what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, unto Abner the son of Ner, and unto Amasa the son of Jether, whom he slew, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war upon his girdle that was M
about his loins, and in his shoes that were on his feet. <span class="ver">6</span>Do therefore according to thy wisdom, and let not his hoar head go down to the grave in peace. <span class="ver">7</span>But shew kindness unto the sons of Barzillai the Gileadite, and let them be of those that eat at thy table: for so they came to me when I fled because of Absalom thy brother. <span class="ver">8</span>And, behold, thou hast with thee Shimei the son of Gera, a Benjamite of Bahurim, which cursed me with a grievous cuM
rse in the day when I went to Mahanaim: but he came down to meet me at Jordan, and I sware to him by the LORD, saying, I will not put thee to death with the sword. <span class="ver">9</span>Now therefore hold him not guiltless: for thou art a wise man, and knowest what thou oughtest to do unto him; but his hoar head bring thou down to the grave with blood. <span class="ver">10</span>So David slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David. <span class="ver">11</span>And the days that David reigned over M
Israel were forty years: seven years reigned he in Hebron, and thirty and three years reigned he in Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Then sat Solomon upon the throne of David his father; and his kingdom was established greatly. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And Adonijah the son of Haggith came to Bath-sheba the mother of Solomon. And she said, Comest thou peaceably? And he said, Peaceably. <span class="ver">14</span>He said moreover, I have somewhat to say unto thee. And she said, Say on. <spaM
n class="ver">15</span>And he said, Thou knowest that the kingdom was mine, and that all Israel set their faces on me, that I should reign: howbeit the kingdom is turned about, and is become my brother
s: for it was his from the LORD. <span class="ver">16</span>And now I ask one petition of thee, deny me not. And she said unto him, Say on. <span class="ver">17</span>And he said, Speak, I pray thee, unto Solomon the king, (for he will not say thee nay,) that he give me Abishag the Shunammite to wife. <span class="M
ver">18</span>And Bath-sheba said, Well; I will speak for thee unto the king. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Bath-sheba therefore went unto king Solomon, to speak unto him for Adonijah. And the king rose up to meet her, and bowed himself unto her, and sat down on his throne, and caused a seat to be set for the king
s mother; and she sat on his right hand. <span class="ver">20</span>Then she said, I desire one small petition of thee; I pray thee, say me not nay. And the king said unto her, Ask on, my mother:M
for I will not say thee nay. <span class="ver">21</span>And she said, Let Abishag the Shunammite be given to Adonijah thy brother to wife. <span class="ver">22</span>And king Solomon answered and said unto his mother, And why dost thou ask Abishag the Shunammite for Adonijah? ask for him the kingdom also; for he is mine elder brother; even for him, and for Abiathar the priest, and for Joab the son of Zeruiah. <span class="ver">23</span>Then king Solomon sware by the LORD, saying, God do so to me, and more also, ifM
Adonijah have not spoken this word against his own life. <span class="ver">24</span>Now therefore, as the LORD liveth, which hath established me, and set me on the throne of David my father, and who hath made me an house, as he promised, Adonijah shall be put to death this day. <span class="ver">25</span>And king Solomon sent by the hand of Benaiah the son of Jehoiada; and he fell upon him that he died. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>And unto Abiathar the priest said the king, Get thee to Anathoth, unto thinM
e own fields; for thou art worthy of death: but I will not at this time put thee to death, because thou barest the ark of the Lord GOD before David my father, and because thou hast been afflicted in all wherein my father was afflicted. <span class="ver">27</span>So Solomon thrust out Abiathar from being priest unto the LORD; that he might fulfil the word of the LORD, which he spake concerning the house of Eli in Shiloh. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>Then tidings came to Joab: for Joab had turned after AdonijM
ah, though he turned not after Absalom. And Joab fled unto the tabernacle of the LORD, and caught hold on the horns of the altar. <span class="ver">29</span>And it was told king Solomon that Joab was fled unto the tabernacle of the LORD; and, behold, he is by the altar. Then Solomon sent Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, saying, Go, fall upon him. <span class="ver">30</span>And Benaiah came to the tabernacle of the LORD, and said unto him, Thus saith the king, Come forth. And he said, Nay; but I will die here. And BenaiM
ah brought the king word again, saying, Thus said Joab, and thus he answered me. <span class="ver">31</span>And the king said unto him, Do as he hath said, and fall upon him, and bury him; that thou mayest take away the innocent blood, which Joab shed, from me, and from the house of my father. <span class="ver">32</span>And the LORD shall return his blood upon his own head, who fell upon two men more righteous and better than he, and slew them with the sword, my father David not knowing thereof, to wit, Abner the sM
on of Ner, captain of the host of Israel, and Amasa the son of Jether, captain of the host of Judah. <span class="ver">33</span>Their blood shall therefore return upon the head of Joab, and upon the head of his seed for ever: but upon David, and upon his seed, and upon his house, and upon his throne, shall there be peace for ever from the LORD. <span class="ver">34</span>So Benaiah the son of Jehoiada went up, and fell upon him, and slew him: and he was buried in his own house in the wilderness. </p>
ss="ver">35</span>And the king put Benaiah the son of Jehoiada in his room over the host: and Zadok the priest did the king put in the room of Abiathar. </p>
<p><span class="ver">36</span>And the king sent and called for Shimei, and said unto him, Build thee an house in Jerusalem, and dwell there, and go not forth thence any whither. <span class="ver">37</span>For it shall be, that on the day thou goest out, and passest over the brook Kidron, thou shalt know for certain that thou shalt surely die: thy blood shallM
be upon thine own head. <span class="ver">38</span>And Shimei said unto the king, The saying is good: as my lord the king hath said, so will thy servant do. And Shimei dwelt in Jerusalem many days. <span class="ver">39</span>And it came to pass at the end of three years, that two of the servants of Shimei ran away unto Achish son of Maachah king of Gath. And they told Shimei, saying, Behold, thy servants be in Gath. <span class="ver">40</span>And Shimei arose, and saddled his ass, and went to Gath to Achish to seeM
k his servants: and Shimei went, and brought his servants from Gath. <span class="ver">41</span>And it was told Solomon that Shimei had gone from Jerusalem to Gath, and was come again. <span class="ver">42</span>And the king sent and called for Shimei, and said unto him, Did I not make thee to swear by the LORD, and protested unto thee, saying, Know for a certain, on the day thou goest out, and walkest abroad any whither, that thou shalt surely die? and thou saidst unto me, The word that I have heard is good. <spanM
class="ver">43</span>Why then hast thou not kept the oath of the LORD, and the commandment that I have charged thee with? <span class="ver">44</span>The king said moreover to Shimei, Thou knowest all the wickedness which thine heart is privy to, that thou didst to David my father: therefore the LORD shall return thy wickedness upon thine own head; <span class="ver">45</span>And king Solomon shall be blessed, and the throne of David shall be established before the LORD for ever. <span class="ver">46</span>So the kiM
ng commanded Benaiah the son of Jehoiada; which went out, and fell upon him, that he died. And the kingdom was established in the hand of Solomon.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh king of Egypt, and took Pharaoh
s daughter, and brought her into the city of David, until he had made an end of building his own house, and the house of the LORD, and the wall of Jerusalem round about. <span class="ver">2</span>Only the people sacrificed in high places,M
because there was no house built unto the name of the LORD, until those days. <span class="ver">3</span>And Solomon loved the LORD, walking in the statutes of David his father: only he sacrificed and burnt incense in high places. <span class="ver">4</span>And the king went to Gibeon to sacrifice there; for that was the great high place: a thousand burnt offerings did Solomon offer upon that altar. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>In Gibeon the LORD appeared to Solomon in a dream by night: and God said, Ask whatM
I shall give thee. <span class="ver">6</span>And Solomon said, Thou hast shewed unto thy servant David my father great mercy, according as he walked before thee in truth, and in righteousness, and in uprightness of heart with thee; and thou hast kept for him this great kindness, that thou hast given him a son to sit on his throne, as it is this day. <span class="ver">7</span>And now, O LORD my God, thou hast made thy servant king instead of David my father: and I am but a little child: I know not how to go out or M
come in. <span class="ver">8</span>And thy servant is in the midst of thy people which thou hast chosen, a great people, that cannot be numbered nor counted for multitude. <span class="ver">9</span>Give therefore thy servant an understanding heart to judge thy people, that I may discern between good and bad: for who is able to judge this thy so great a people? <span class="ver">10</span>And the speech pleased the Lord, that Solomon had asked this thing. <span class="ver">11</span>And God said unto him, Because thouM
hast asked this thing, and hast not asked for thyself long life; neither hast asked riches for thyself, nor hast asked the life of thine enemies; but hast asked for thyself understanding to discern judgment; <span class="ver">12</span>Behold, I have done according to thy words: lo, I have given thee a wise and an understanding heart; so that there was none like thee before thee, neither after thee shall any arise like unto thee. <span class="ver">13</span>And I have also given thee that which thou hast not asked, M
both riches, and honour: so that there shall not be any among the kings like unto thee all thy days. <span class="ver">14</span>And if thou wilt walk in my ways, to keep my statutes and my commandments, as thy father David did walk, then I will lengthen thy days. <span class="ver">15</span>And Solomon awoke; and, behold, it was a dream. And he came to Jerusalem, and stood before the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and offered up burnt offerings, and offered peace offerings, and made a feast to all his servants. </M
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Then came there two women, that were harlots, unto the king, and stood before him. <span class="ver">17</span>And the one woman said, O my lord, I and this woman dwell in one house; and I was delivered of a child with her in the house. <span class="ver">18</span>And it came to pass the third day after that I was delivered, that this woman was delivered also: and we were together; there was no stranger with us in the house, save we two in the house. <span class="ver">19</span>And tM
s child died in the night; because she overlaid it. <span class="ver">20</span>And she arose at midnight, and took my son from beside me, while thine handmaid slept, and laid it in her bosom, and laid her dead child in my bosom. <span class="ver">21</span>And when I rose in the morning to give my child suck, behold, it was dead: but when I had considered it in the morning, behold, it was not my son, which I did bear. <span class="ver">22</span>And the other woman said, Nay; but the living is my son, andM
the dead is thy son. And this said, No; but the dead is thy son, and the living is my son. Thus they spake before the king. <span class="ver">23</span>Then said the king, The one saith, This is my son that liveth, and thy son is the dead: and the other saith, Nay; but thy son is the dead, and my son is the living. <span class="ver">24</span>And the king said, Bring me a sword. And they brought a sword before the king. <span class="ver">25</span>And the king said, Divide the living child in two, and give half to thM
e one, and half to the other. <span class="ver">26</span>Then spake the woman whose the living child was unto the king, for her bowels yearned upon her son, and she said, O my lord, give her the living child, and in no wise slay it. But the other said, Let it be neither mine nor thine, but divide it. <span class="ver">27</span>Then the king answered and said, Give her the living child, and in no wise slay it: she is the mother thereof. <span class="ver">28</span>And all Israel heard of the judgment which the king hM
ad judged; and they feared the king: for they saw that the wisdom of God was in him, to do judgment.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>So king Solomon was king over all Israel. <span class="ver">2</span>And these were the princes which he had; Azariah the son of Zadok the priest, <span class="ver">3</span>Elihoreph and Ahiah, the sons of Shisha, scribes; Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud, the recorder. <span class="ver">4</span>And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the host: and Zadok andM
Abiathar were the priests: <span class="ver">5</span>And Azariah the son of Nathan was over the officers: and Zabud the son of Nathan was principal officer, and the king
s friend: <span class="ver">6</span>And Ahishar was over the household: and Adoniram the son of Abda was over the tribute. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And Solomon had twelve officers over all Israel, which provided victuals for the king and his household: each man his month in a year made provision. <span class="ver">8</span>And these arM
e their names: The son of Hur, in mount Ephraim: <span class="ver">9</span>The son of Dekar, in Makaz, and in Shaalbim, and Beth-shemesh, and Elon-beth-hanan: <span class="ver">10</span>The son of Hesed, in Aruboth; to him pertained Sochoh, and all the land of Hepher: <span class="ver">11</span>The son of Abinadab, in all the region of Dor; which had Taphath the daughter of Solomon to wife: <span class="ver">12</span>Baana the son of Ahilud; to him pertained Taanach and Megiddo, and all Beth-shean, which is by ZartM
anah beneath Jezreel, from Beth-shean to Abel-meholah, even unto the place that is beyond Jokneam: <span class="ver">13</span>The son of Geber, in Ramoth-gilead; to him pertained the towns of Jair the son of Manasseh, which are in Gilead; to him also pertained the region of Argob, which is in Bashan, threescore great cities with walls and brasen bars: <span class="ver">14</span>Ahinadab the son of Iddo had Mahanaim: <span class="ver">15</span>Ahimaaz was in Naphtali; he also took Basmath the daughter of Solomon to M
wife: <span class="ver">16</span>Baanah the son of Hushai was in Asher and in Aloth: <span class="ver">17</span>Jehoshaphat the son of Paruah, in Issachar: <span class="ver">18</span>Shimei the son of Elah, in Benjamin: <span class="ver">19</span>Geber the son of Uri was in the country of Gilead, in the country of Sihon king of the Amorites, and of Og king of Bashan; and he was the only officer which was in the land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Judah and Israel were many, as the sand which is by the sea inM
multitude, eating and drinking, and making merry. <span class="ver">21</span>And Solomon reigned over all kingdoms from the river unto the land of the Philistines, and unto the border of Egypt: they brought presents, and served Solomon all the days of his life. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And Solomon
s provision for one day was thirty measures of fine flour, and threescore measures of meal, <span class="ver">23</span>Ten fat oxen, and twenty oxen out of the pastures, and an hundred sheep, beside harts, M
and roebucks, and fallowdeer, and fatted fowl. <span class="ver">24</span>For he had dominion over all the region on this side the river, from Tiphsah even to Azzah, over all the kings on this side the river: and he had peace on all sides round about him. <span class="ver">25</span>And Judah and Israel dwelt safely, every man under his vine and under his fig tree, from Dan even to Beer-sheba, all the days of Solomon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>And Solomon had forty thousand stalls of horses for his charioM
ts, and twelve thousand horsemen. <span class="ver">27</span>And those officers provided victual for king Solomon, and for all that came unto king Solomon
s table, every man in his month: they lacked nothing. <span class="ver">28</span>Barley also and straw for the horses and dromedaries brought they unto the place where the officers were, every man according to his charge. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>And God gave Solomon wisdom and understanding exceeding much, and largeness of heart, even as the sand tM
hat is on the sea shore. <span class="ver">30</span>And Solomon
s wisdom excelled the wisdom of all the children of the east country, and all the wisdom of Egypt. <span class="ver">31</span>For he was wiser than all men; than Ethan the Ezrahite, and Heman, and Chalcol, and Darda, the sons of Mahol: and his fame was in all nations round about. <span class="ver">32</span>And he spake three thousand proverbs: and his songs were a thousand and five. <span class="ver">33</span>And he spake of trees, from the cedar treM
e that is in Lebanon even unto the hyssop that springeth out of the wall: he spake also of beasts, and of fowl, and of creeping things, and of fishes. <span class="ver">34</span>And there came of all people to hear the wisdom of Solomon, from all kings of the earth, which had heard of his wisdom.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Hiram king of Tyre sent his servants unto Solomon; for he had heard that they had anointed him king in the room of his father: for Hiram was ever a lover ofM
David. <span class="ver">2</span>And Solomon sent to Hiram, saying, <span class="ver">3</span>Thou knowest how that David my father could not build an house unto the name of the LORD his God for the wars which were about him on every side, until the LORD put them under the soles of his feet. <span class="ver">4</span>But now the LORD my God hath given me rest on every side, so that there is neither adversary nor evil occurrent. <span class="ver">5</span>And, behold, I purpose to build an house unto the name of theM
LORD my God, as the LORD spake unto David my father, saying, Thy son, whom I will set upon thy throne in thy room, he shall build an house unto my name. <span class="ver">6</span>Now therefore command thou that they hew me cedar trees out of Lebanon; and my servants shall be with thy servants: and unto thee will I give hire for thy servants according to all that thou shalt appoint: for thou knowest that there is not among us any that can skill to hew timber like unto the Sidonians. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</sM
pan>And it came to pass, when Hiram heard the words of Solomon, that he rejoiced greatly, and said, Blessed be the LORD this day, which hath given unto David a wise son over this great people. <span class="ver">8</span>And Hiram sent to Solomon, saying, I have considered the things which thou sentest to me for: and I will do all thy desire concerning timber of cedar, and concerning timber of fir. <span class="ver">9</span>My servants shall bring them down from Lebanon unto the sea: and I will convey them by sea in M
floats unto the place that thou shalt appoint me, and will cause them to be discharged there, and thou shalt receive them: and thou shalt accomplish my desire, in giving food for my household. <span class="ver">10</span>So Hiram gave Solomon cedar trees and fir trees according to all his desire. <span class="ver">11</span>And Solomon gave Hiram twenty thousand measures of wheat for food to his household, and twenty measures of pure oil: thus gave Solomon to Hiram year by year. <span class="ver">12</span>And the LORM
D gave Solomon wisdom, as he promised him: and there was peace between Hiram and Solomon; and they two made a league together. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And king Solomon raised a levy out of all Israel; and the levy was thirty thousand men. <span class="ver">14</span>And he sent them to Lebanon, ten thousand a month by courses: a month they were in Lebanon, and two months at home: and Adoniram was over the levy. <span class="ver">15</span>And Solomon had threescore and ten thousand that bare burdens, andM
fourscore thousand hewers in the mountains; <span class="ver">16</span>Beside the chief of Solomon
s officers which were over the work, three thousand and three hundred, which ruled over the people that wrought in the work. <span class="ver">17</span>And the king commanded, and they brought great stones, costly stones, and hewed stones, to lay the foundation of the house. <span class="ver">18</span>And Solomon
s builders and Hiram
s builders did hew them, and the stonesquarers: so they prepared timber and stM
ones to build the house.
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass in the four hundred and eightieth year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, in the fourth year of Solomon
s reign over Israel, in the month Zif, which is the second month, that he began to build the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">2</span>And the house which king Solomon built for the LORD, the length thereof was threescore cubits, and the breadth thereof twenty cubits, and tM
he height thereof thirty cubits. <span class="ver">3</span>And the porch before the temple of the house, twenty cubits was the length thereof, according to the breadth of the house; and ten cubits was the breadth thereof before the house. <span class="ver">4</span>And for the house he made windows of narrow lights. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And against the wall of the house he built chambers round about, against the walls of the house round about, both of the temple and of the oracle: and he made chambersM
round about: <span class="ver">6</span>The nethermost chamber was five cubits broad, and the middle was six cubits broad, and the third was seven cubits broad: for without in the wall of the house he made narrowed rests round about, that the beams should not be fastened in the walls of the house. <span class="ver">7</span>And the house, when it was in building, was built of stone made ready before it was brought thither: so that there was neither hammer nor axe nor any tool of iron heard in the house, while it wasM
in building. <span class="ver">8</span>The door for the middle chamber was in the right side of the house: and they went up with winding stairs into the middle chamber, and out of the middle into the third. <span class="ver">9</span>So he built the house, and finished it; and covered the house with beams and boards of cedar. <span class="ver">10</span>And then he built chambers against all the house, five cubits high: and they rested on the house with timber of cedar. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And the wM
ord of the LORD came to Solomon, saying, <span class="ver">12</span>Concerning this house which thou art in building, if thou wilt walk in my statutes, and execute my judgments, and keep all my commandments to walk in them; then will I perform my word with thee, which I spake unto David thy father: <span class="ver">13</span>And I will dwell among the children of Israel, and will not forsake my people Israel. <span class="ver">14</span>So Solomon built the house, and finished it. <span class="ver">15</span>And he bM
uilt the walls of the house within with boards of cedar, both the floor of the house, and the walls of the cieling: and he covered them on the inside with wood, and covered the floor of the house with planks of fir. <span class="ver">16</span>And he built twenty cubits on the sides of the house, both the floor and the walls with boards of cedar: he even built them for it within, even for the oracle, even for the most holy place. <span class="ver">17</span>And the house, that is, the temple before it, was forty cubiM
ts long. <span class="ver">18</span>And the cedar of the house within was carved with knops and open flowers: all was cedar; there was no stone seen. <span class="ver">19</span>And the oracle he prepared in the house within, to set there the ark of the covenant of the LORD. <span class="ver">20</span>And the oracle in the forepart was twenty cubits in length, and twenty cubits in breadth, and twenty cubits in the height thereof: and he overlaid it with pure gold; and so covered the altar which was of cedar. <span cM
lass="ver">21</span>So Solomon overlaid the house within with pure gold: and he made a partition by the chains of gold before the oracle; and he overlaid it with gold. <span class="ver">22</span>And the whole house he overlaid with gold, until he had finished all the house: also the whole altar that was by the oracle he overlaid with gold. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And within the oracle he made two cherubims of olive tree, each ten cubits high. <span class="ver">24</span>And five cubits was the one wing M
of the cherub, and five cubits the other wing of the cherub: from the uttermost part of the one wing unto the uttermost part of the other were ten cubits. <span class="ver">25</span>And the other cherub was ten cubits: both the cherubims were of one measure and one size. <span class="ver">26</span>The height of the one cherub was ten cubits, and so was it of the other cherub. <span class="ver">27</span>And he set the cherubims within the inner house: and they stretched forth the wings of the cherubims, so that the M
wing of the one touched the one wall, and the wing of the other cherub touched the other wall; and their wings touched one another in the midst of the house. <span class="ver">28</span>And he overlaid the cherubims with gold. <span class="ver">29</span>And he carved all the walls of the house round about with carved figures of cherubims and palm trees and open flowers, within and without. <span class="ver">30</span>And the floor of the house he overlaid with gold, within and without. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31<M
/span>And for the entering of the oracle he made doors of olive tree: the lintel and side posts were a fifth part of the wall. <span class="ver">32</span>The two doors also were of olive tree; and he carved upon them carvings of cherubims and palm trees and open flowers, and overlaid them with gold, and spread gold upon the cherubims, and upon the palm trees. <span class="ver">33</span>So also made he for the door of the temple posts of olive tree, a fourth part of the wall. <span class="ver">34</span>And the two dM
oors were of fir tree: the two leaves of the one door were folding, and the two leaves of the other door were folding. <span class="ver">35</span>And he carved thereon cherubims and palm trees and open flowers: and covered them with gold fitted upon the carved work. </p>
<p><span class="ver">36</span>And he built the inner court with three rows of hewed stone, and a row of cedar beams. </p>
<p><span class="ver">37</span>In the fourth year was the foundation of the house of the LORD laid, in the month Zif: <spanM
class="ver">38</span>And in the eleventh year, in the month Bul, which is the eighth month, was the house finished throughout all the parts thereof, and according to all the fashion of it. So was he seven years in building it.
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>But Solomon was building his own house thirteen years, and he finished all his house. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>He built also the house of the forest of Lebanon; the length thereof was an hundred cubits, and the breadth M
thereof fifty cubits, and the height thereof thirty cubits, upon four rows of cedar pillars, with cedar beams upon the pillars. <span class="ver">3</span>And it was covered with cedar above upon the beams, that lay on forty five pillars, fifteen in a row. <span class="ver">4</span>And there were windows in three rows, and light was against light in three ranks. <span class="ver">5</span>And all the doors and posts were square, with the windows: and light was against light in three ranks. </p>
<p><span class="ver"M
>6</span>And he made a porch of pillars; the length thereof was fifty cubits, and the breadth thereof thirty cubits: and the porch was before them: and the other pillars and the thick beam were before them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Then he made a porch for the throne where he might judge, even the porch of judgment: and it was covered with cedar from one side of the floor to the other. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And his house where he dwelt had another court within the porch, which was of the liM
ke work. Solomon made also an house for Pharaoh
s daughter, whom he had taken to wife, like unto this porch. <span class="ver">9</span>All these were of costly stones, according to the measures of hewed stones, sawed with saws, within and without, even from the foundation unto the coping, and so on the outside toward the great court. <span class="ver">10</span>And the foundation was of costly stones, even great stones, stones of ten cubits, and stones of eight cubits. <span class="ver">11</span>And above were cosM
tly stones, after the measures of hewed stones, and cedars. <span class="ver">12</span>And the great court round about was with three rows of hewed stones, and a row of cedar beams, both for the inner court of the house of the LORD, and for the porch of the house. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And king Solomon sent and fetched Hiram out of Tyre. <span class="ver">14</span>He was a widow
s son of the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a man of Tyre, a worker in brass: and he was filled with wisdom, and uM
nderstanding, and cunning to work all works in brass. And he came to king Solomon, and wrought all his work. <span class="ver">15</span>For he cast two pillars of brass, of eighteen cubits high apiece: and a line of twelve cubits did compass either of them about. <span class="ver">16</span>And he made two chapiters of molten brass, to set upon the tops of the pillars: the height of the one chapiter was five cubits, and the height of the other chapiter was five cubits: <span class="ver">17</span>And nets of checker M
work, and wreaths of chain work, for the chapiters which were upon the top of the pillars; seven for the one chapiter, and seven for the other chapiter. <span class="ver">18</span>And he made the pillars, and two rows round about upon the one network, to cover the chapiters that were upon the top, with pomegranates: and so did he for the other chapiter. <span class="ver">19</span>And the chapiters that were upon the top of the pillars were of lily work in the porch, four cubits. <span class="ver">20</span>And the cM
hapiters upon the two pillars had pomegranates also above, over against the belly which was by the network: and the pomegranates were two hundred in rows round about upon the other chapiter. <span class="ver">21</span>And he set up the pillars in the porch of the temple: and he set up the right pillar, and called the name thereof Jachin: and he set up the left pillar, and called the name thereof Boaz. <span class="ver">22</span>And upon the top of the pillars was lily work: so was the work of the pillars finished. M
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And he made a molten sea, ten cubits from the one brim to the other: it was round all about, and his height was five cubits: and a line of thirty cubits did compass it round about. <span class="ver">24</span>And under the brim of it round about there were knops compassing it, ten in a cubit, compassing the sea round about: the knops were cast in two rows, when it was cast. <span class="ver">25</span>It stood upon twelve oxen, three looking toward the north, and three looking towM
ard the west, and three looking toward the south, and three looking toward the east: and the sea was set above upon them, and all their hinder parts were inward. <span class="ver">26</span>And it was an hand breadth thick, and the brim thereof was wrought like the brim of a cup, with flowers of lilies: it contained two thousand baths. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>And he made ten bases of brass; four cubits was the length of one base, and four cubits the breadth thereof, and three cubits the height of it. <sM
pan class="ver">28</span>And the work of the bases was on this manner: they had borders, and the borders were between the ledges: <span class="ver">29</span>And on the borders that were between the ledges were lions, oxen, and cherubims: and upon the ledges there was a base above: and beneath the lions and oxen were certain additions made of thin work. <span class="ver">30</span>And every base had four brasen wheels, and plates of brass: and the four corners thereof had undersetters: under the laver were undersetteM
rs molten, at the side of every addition. <span class="ver">31</span>And the mouth of it within the chapiter and above was a cubit: but the mouth thereof was round after the work of the base, a cubit and an half: and also upon the mouth of it were gravings with their borders, foursquare, not round. <span class="ver">32</span>And under the borders were four wheels; and the axletrees of the wheels were joined to the base: and the height of a wheel was a cubit and half a cubit. <span class="ver">33</span>And the work M
of the wheels was like the work of a chariot wheel: their axletrees, and their naves, and their felloes, and their spokes, were all molten. <span class="ver">34</span>And there were four undersetters to the four corners of one base: and the undersetters were of the very base itself. <span class="ver">35</span>And in the top of the base was there a round compass of half a cubit high: and on the top of the base the ledges thereof and the borders thereof were of the same. <span class="ver">36</span>For on the plates oM
f the ledges thereof, and on the borders thereof, he graved cherubims, lions, and palm trees, according to the proportion of every one, and additions round about. <span class="ver">37</span>After this manner he made the ten bases: all of them had one casting, one measure, and one size. </p>
<p><span class="ver">38</span>Then made he ten lavers of brass: one laver contained forty baths: and every laver was four cubits: and upon every one of the ten bases one laver. <span class="ver">39</span>And he put five bases M
on the right side of the house, and five on the left side of the house: and he set the sea on the right side of the house eastward over against the south. </p>
<p><span class="ver">40</span>And Hiram made the lavers, and the shovels, and the basons. So Hiram made an end of doing all the work that he made king Solomon for the house of the LORD: <span class="ver">41</span>The two pillars, and the two bowls of the chapiters that were on the top of the two pillars; and the two networks, to cover the two bowls of the M
chapiters which were upon the top of the pillars; <span class="ver">42</span>And four hundred pomegranates for the two networks, even two rows of pomegranates for one network, to cover the two bowls of the chapiters that were upon the pillars; <span class="ver">43</span>And the ten bases, and ten lavers on the bases; <span class="ver">44</span>And one sea, and twelve oxen under the sea; <span class="ver">45</span>And the pots, and the shovels, and the basons: and all these vessels, which Hiram made to king Solomon M
for the house of the LORD, were of bright brass. <span class="ver">46</span>In the plain of Jordan did the king cast them, in the clay ground between Succoth and Zarthan. <span class="ver">47</span>And Solomon left all the vessels unweighed, because they were exceeding many: neither was the weight of the brass found out. <span class="ver">48</span>And Solomon made all the vessels that pertained unto the house of the LORD: the altar of gold, and the table of gold, whereupon the shewbread was, <span class="ver">49</sM
pan>And the candlesticks of pure gold, five on the right side, and five on the left, before the oracle, with the flowers, and the lamps, and the tongs of gold, <span class="ver">50</span>And the bowls, and the snuffers, and the basons, and the spoons, and the censers of pure gold; and the hinges of gold, both for the doors of the inner house, the most holy place, and for the doors of the house, to wit, of the temple. <span class="ver">51</span>So was ended all the work that king Solomon made for the house of the LOM
RD. And Solomon brought in the things which David his father had dedicated; even the silver, and the gold, and the vessels, did he put among the treasures of the house of the LORD.
<h2 id="c8">Chapter 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then Solomon assembled the elders of Israel, and all the heads of the tribes, the chief of the fathers of the children of Israel, unto king Solomon in Jerusalem, that they might bring up the ark of the covenant of the LORD out of the city of David, which is Zion. <span class="M
ver">2</span>And all the men of Israel assembled themselves unto king Solomon at the feast in the month Ethanim, which is the seventh month. <span class="ver">3</span>And all the elders of Israel came, and the priests took up the ark. <span class="ver">4</span>And they brought up the ark of the LORD, and the tabernacle of the congregation, and all the holy vessels that were in the tabernacle, even those did the priests and the Levites bring up. <span class="ver">5</span>And king Solomon, and all the congregation ofM
Israel, that were assembled unto him, were with him before the ark, sacrificing sheep and oxen, that could not be told nor numbered for multitude. <span class="ver">6</span>And the priests brought in the ark of the covenant of the LORD unto his place, into the oracle of the house, to the most holy place, even under the wings of the cherubims. <span class="ver">7</span>For the cherubims spread forth their two wings over the place of the ark, and the cherubims covered the ark and the staves thereof above. <span clasM
s="ver">8</span>And they drew out the staves, that the ends of the staves were seen out in the holy place before the oracle, and they were not seen without: and there they are unto this day. <span class="ver">9</span>There was nothing in the ark save the two tables of stone, which Moses put there at Horeb, when the LORD made a covenant with the children of Israel, when they came out of the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">10</span>And it came to pass, when the priests were come out of the holy place, that the cloudM
filled the house of the LORD, <span class="ver">11</span>So that the priests could not stand to minister because of the cloud: for the glory of the LORD had filled the house of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Then spake Solomon, The LORD said that he would dwell in the thick darkness. <span class="ver">13</span>I have surely built thee an house to dwell in, a settled place for thee to abide in for ever. <span class="ver">14</span>And the king turned his face about, and blessed all the congregation oM
f Israel: (and all the congregation of Israel stood;) <span class="ver">15</span>And he said, Blessed be the LORD God of Israel, which spake with his mouth unto David my father, and hath with his hand fulfilled it, saying, <span class="ver">16</span>Since the day that I brought forth my people Israel out of Egypt, I chose no city out of all the tribes of Israel to build an house, that my name might be therein; but I chose David to be over my people Israel. <span class="ver">17</span>And it was in the heart of DavidM
my father to build an house for the name of the LORD God of Israel. <span class="ver">18</span>And the LORD said unto David my father, Whereas it was in thine heart to build an house unto my name, thou didst well that it was in thine heart. <span class="ver">19</span>Nevertheless thou shalt not build the house; but thy son that shall come forth out of thy loins, he shall build the house unto my name. <span class="ver">20</span>And the LORD hath performed his word that he spake, and I am risen up in the room of DavM
id my father, and sit on the throne of Israel, as the LORD promised, and have built an house for the name of the LORD God of Israel. <span class="ver">21</span>And I have set there a place for the ark, wherein is the covenant of the LORD, which he made with our fathers, when he brought them out of the land of Egypt. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And Solomon stood before the altar of the LORD in the presence of all the congregation of Israel, and spread forth his hands toward heaven: <span class="ver">23</spaM
n>And he said, LORD God of Israel, there is no God like thee, in heaven above, or on earth beneath, who keepest covenant and mercy with thy servants that walk before thee with all their heart: <span class="ver">24</span>Who hast kept with thy servant David my father that thou promisedst him: thou spakest also with thy mouth, and hast fulfilled it with thine hand, as it is this day. <span class="ver">25</span>Therefore now, LORD God of Israel, keep with thy servant David my father that thou promisedst him, saying, TM
here shall not fail thee a man in my sight to sit on the throne of Israel; so that thy children take heed to their way, that they walk before me as thou hast walked before me. <span class="ver">26</span>And now, O God of Israel, let thy word, I pray thee, be verified, which thou spakest unto thy servant David my father. <span class="ver">27</span>But will God indeed dwell on the earth? behold, the heaven and heaven of heavens cannot contain thee; how much less this house that I have builded? <span class="ver">28</sM
pan>Yet have thou respect unto the prayer of thy servant, and to his supplication, O LORD my God, to hearken unto the cry and to the prayer, which thy servant prayeth before thee to day: <span class="ver">29</span>That thine eyes may be open toward this house night and day, even toward the place of which thou hast said, My name shall be there: that thou mayest hearken unto the prayer which thy servant shall make toward this place. <span class="ver">30</span>And hearken thou to the supplication of thy servant, and oM
f thy people Israel, when they shall pray toward this place: and hear thou in heaven thy dwelling place: and when thou hearest, forgive. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>If any man trespass against his neighbour, and an oath be laid upon him to cause him to swear, and the oath come before thine altar in this house: <span class="ver">32</span>Then hear thou in heaven, and do, and judge thy servants, condemning the wicked, to bring his way upon his head; and justifying the righteous, to give him according to his M
<p><span class="ver">33</span>When thy people Israel be smitten down before the enemy, because they have sinned against thee, and shall turn again to thee, and confess thy name, and pray, and make supplication unto thee in this house: <span class="ver">34</span>Then hear thou in heaven, and forgive the sin of thy people Israel, and bring them again unto the land which thou gavest unto their fathers. </p>
<p><span class="ver">35</span>When heaven is shut up, and there is no rain, because theyM
have sinned against thee; if they pray toward this place, and confess thy name, and turn from their sin, when thou afflictest them: <span class="ver">36</span>Then hear thou in heaven, and forgive the sin of thy servants, and of thy people Israel, that thou teach them the good way wherein they should walk, and give rain upon thy land, which thou hast given to thy people for an inheritance. </p>
<p><span class="ver">37</span>If there be in the land famine, if there be pestilence, blasting, mildew, locust, or if tM
here be caterpiller; if their enemy besiege them in the land of their cities; whatsoever plague, whatsoever sickness there be; <span class="ver">38</span>What prayer and supplication soever be made by any man, or by all thy people Israel, which shall know every man the plague of his own heart, and spread forth his hands toward this house: <span class="ver">39</span>Then hear thou in heaven thy dwelling place, and forgive, and do, and give to every man according to his ways, whose heart thou knowest; (for thou, evenM
thou only, knowest the hearts of all the children of men;) <span class="ver">40</span>That they may fear thee all the days that they live in the land which thou gavest unto our fathers. <span class="ver">41</span>Moreover concerning a stranger, that is not of thy people Israel, but cometh out of a far country for thy name
s sake; <span class="ver">42</span>(For they shall hear of thy great name, and of thy strong hand, and of thy stretched out arm;) when he shall come and pray toward this house; <span class="verM
">43</span>Hear thou in heaven thy dwelling place, and do according to all that the stranger calleth to thee for: that all people of the earth may know thy name, to fear thee, as do thy people Israel; and that they may know that this house, which I have builded, is called by thy name. </p>
<p><span class="ver">44</span>If thy people go out to battle against their enemy, whithersoever thou shalt send them, and shall pray unto the LORD toward the city which thou hast chosen, and toward the house that I have built fM
or thy name: <span class="ver">45</span>Then hear thou in heaven their prayer and their supplication, and maintain their cause. <span class="ver">46</span>If they sin against thee, (for there is no man that sinneth not,) and thou be angry with them, and deliver them to the enemy, so that they carry them away captives unto the land of the enemy, far or near; <span class="ver">47</span>Yet if they shall bethink themselves in the land whither they were carried captives, and repent, and make supplication unto thee in tM
he land of them that carried them captives, saying, We have sinned, and have done perversely, we have committed wickedness; <span class="ver">48</span>And so return unto thee with all their heart, and with all their soul, in the land of their enemies, which led them away captive, and pray unto thee toward their land, which thou gavest unto their fathers, the city which thou hast chosen, and the house which I have built for thy name: <span class="ver">49</span>Then hear thou their prayer and their supplication in heM
aven thy dwelling place, and maintain their cause, <span class="ver">50</span>And forgive thy people that have sinned against thee, and all their transgressions wherein they have transgressed against thee, and give them compassion before them who carried them captive, that they may have compassion on them: <span class="ver">51</span>For they be thy people, and thine inheritance, which thou broughtest forth out of Egypt, from the midst of the furnace of iron: <span class="ver">52</span>That thine eyes may be open unM
to the supplication of thy servant, and unto the supplication of thy people Israel, to hearken unto them in all that they call for unto thee. <span class="ver">53</span>For thou didst separate them from among all the people of the earth, to be thine inheritance, as thou spakest by the hand of Moses thy servant, when thou broughtest our fathers out of Egypt, O Lord GOD. <span class="ver">54</span>And it was so, that when Solomon had made an end of praying all this prayer and supplication unto the LORD, he arose fromM
before the altar of the LORD, from kneeling on his knees with his hands spread up to heaven. <span class="ver">55</span>And he stood, and blessed all the congregation of Israel with a loud voice, saying, <span class="ver">56</span>Blessed be the LORD, that hath given rest unto his people Israel, according to all that he promised: there hath not failed one word of all his good promise, which he promised by the hand of Moses his servant. <span class="ver">57</span>The LORD our God be with us, as he was with our fathM
ers: let him not leave us, nor forsake us: <span class="ver">58</span>That he may incline our hearts unto him, to walk in all his ways, and to keep his commandments, and his statutes, and his judgments, which he commanded our fathers. <span class="ver">59</span>And let these my words, wherewith I have made supplication before the LORD, be nigh unto the LORD our God day and night, that he maintain the cause of his servant, and the cause of his people Israel at all times, as the matter shall require: <span class="verM
">60</span>That all the people of the earth may know that the LORD is God, and that there is none else. <span class="ver">61</span>Let your heart therefore be perfect with the LORD our God, to walk in his statutes, and to keep his commandments, as at this day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">62</span>And the king, and all Israel with him, offered sacrifice before the LORD. <span class="ver">63</span>And Solomon offered a sacrifice of peace offerings, which he offered unto the LORD, two and twenty thousand oxen, and an M
hundred and twenty thousand sheep. So the king and all the children of Israel dedicated the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">64</span>The same day did the king hallow the middle of the court that was before the house of the LORD: for there he offered burnt offerings, and meat offerings, and the fat of the peace offerings: because the brasen altar that was before the LORD was too little to receive the burnt offerings, and meat offerings, and the fat of the peace offerings. <span class="ver">65</span>And at that M
time Solomon held a feast, and all Israel with him, a great congregation, from the entering in of Hamath unto the river of Egypt, before the LORD our God, seven days and seven days, even fourteen days. <span class="ver">66</span>On the eighth day he sent the people away: and they blessed the king, and went unto their tents joyful and glad of heart for all the goodness that the LORD had done for David his servant, and for Israel his people.
<h2 id="c9">Chapter 9</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came toM
pass, when Solomon had finished the building of the house of the LORD, and the king
s house, and all Solomon
s desire which he was pleased to do, <span class="ver">2</span>That the LORD appeared to Solomon the second time, as he had appeared unto him at Gibeon. <span class="ver">3</span>And the LORD said unto him, I have heard thy prayer and thy supplication, that thou hast made before me: I have hallowed this house, which thou hast built, to put my name there for ever; and mine eyes and mine heart shall be thM
ere perpetually. <span class="ver">4</span>And if thou wilt walk before me, as David thy father walked, in integrity of heart, and in uprightness, to do according to all that I have commanded thee, and wilt keep my statutes and my judgments: <span class="ver">5</span>Then I will establish the throne of thy kingdom upon Israel for ever, as I promised to David thy father, saying, There shall not fail thee a man upon the throne of Israel. <span class="ver">6</span>But if ye shall at all turn from following me, ye or yM
our children, and will not keep my commandments and my statutes which I have set before you, but go and serve other gods, and worship them: <span class="ver">7</span>Then will I cut off Israel out of the land which I have given them; and this house, which I have hallowed for my name, will I cast out of my sight; and Israel shall be a proverb and a byword among all people: <span class="ver">8</span>And at this house, which is high, every one that passeth by it shall be astonished, and shall hiss; and they shall say,M
Why hath the LORD done thus unto this land, and to this house? <span class="ver">9</span>And they shall answer, Because they forsook the LORD their God, who brought forth their fathers out of the land of Egypt, and have taken hold upon other gods, and have worshipped them, and served them: therefore hath the LORD brought upon them all this evil. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And it came to pass at the end of twenty years, when Solomon had built the two houses, the house of the LORD, and the king
<span class="ver">11</span>(Now Hiram the king of Tyre had furnished Solomon with cedar trees and fir trees, and with gold, according to all his desire,) that then king Solomon gave Hiram twenty cities in the land of Galilee. <span class="ver">12</span>And Hiram came out from Tyre to see the cities which Solomon had given him; and they pleased him not. <span class="ver">13</span>And he said, What cities are these which thou hast given me, my brother? And he called them the land of Cabul unto this day. <span class="M
ver">14</span>And Hiram sent to the king sixscore talents of gold. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And this is the reason of the levy which king Solomon raised; for to build the house of the LORD, and his own house, and Millo, and the wall of Jerusalem, and Hazor, and Megiddo, and Gezer. <span class="ver">16</span>For Pharaoh king of Egypt had gone up, and taken Gezer, and burnt it with fire, and slain the Canaanites that dwelt in the city, and given it for a present unto his daughter, Solomon
class="ver">17</span>And Solomon built Gezer, and Beth-horon the nether, <span class="ver">18</span>And Baalath, and Tadmor in the wilderness, in the land, <span class="ver">19</span>And all the cities of store that Solomon had, and cities for his chariots, and cities for his horsemen, and that which Solomon desired to build in Jerusalem, and in Lebanon, and in all the land of his dominion. <span class="ver">20</span>And all the people that were left of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, whM
ich were not of the children of Israel, <span class="ver">21</span>Their children that were left after them in the land, whom the children of Israel also were not able utterly to destroy, upon those did Solomon levy a tribute of bondservice unto this day. <span class="ver">22</span>But of the children of Israel did Solomon make no bondmen: but they were men of war, and his servants, and his princes, and his captains, and rulers of his chariots, and his horsemen. <span class="ver">23</span>These were the chief of thM
e officers that were over Solomon
s work, five hundred and fifty, which bare rule over the people that wrought in the work. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>But Pharaoh
s daughter came up out of the city of David unto her house which Solomon had built for her: then did he build Millo. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And three times in a year did Solomon offer burnt offerings and peace offerings upon the altar which he built unto the LORD, and he burnt incense upon the altar that was before the LORD. SoM
he finished the house. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>And king Solomon made a navy of ships in Ezion-geber, which is beside Eloth, on the shore of the Red sea, in the land of Edom. <span class="ver">27</span>And Hiram sent in the navy his servants, shipmen that had knowledge of the sea, with the servants of Solomon. <span class="ver">28</span>And they came to Ophir, and fetched from thence gold, four hundred and twenty talents, and brought it to king Solomon.
<h2 id="c10">Chapter 10</h2>
="ver">1</span>And when the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon concerning the name of the LORD, she came to prove him with hard questions. <span class="ver">2</span>And she came to Jerusalem with a very great train, with camels that bare spices, and very much gold, and precious stones: and when she was come to Solomon, she communed with him of all that was in her heart. <span class="ver">3</span>And Solomon told her all her questions: there was not any thing hid from the king, which he told her not. <span M
class="ver">4</span>And when the queen of Sheba had seen all Solomon
s wisdom, and the house that he had built, <span class="ver">5</span>And the meat of his table, and the sitting of his servants, and the attendance of his ministers, and their apparel, and his cupbearers, and his ascent by which he went up unto the house of the LORD; there was no more spirit in her. <span class="ver">6</span>And she said to the king, It was a true report that I heard in mine own land of thy acts and of thy wisdom. <span class="vM
er">7</span>Howbeit I believed not the words, until I came, and mine eyes had seen it: and, behold, the half was not told me: thy wisdom and prosperity exceedeth the fame which I heard. <span class="ver">8</span>Happy are thy men, happy are these thy servants, which stand continually before thee, and that hear thy wisdom. <span class="ver">9</span>Blessed be the LORD thy God, which delighted in thee, to set thee on the throne of Israel: because the LORD loved Israel for ever, therefore made he thee king, to do judgM
ment and justice. <span class="ver">10</span>And she gave the king an hundred and twenty talents of gold, and of spices very great store, and precious stones: there came no more such abundance of spices as these which the queen of Sheba gave to king Solomon. <span class="ver">11</span>And the navy also of Hiram, that brought gold from Ophir, brought in from Ophir great plenty of almug trees, and precious stones. <span class="ver">12</span>And the king made of the almug trees pillars for the house of the LORD, and fM
s house, harps also and psalteries for singers: there came no such almug trees, nor were seen unto this day. <span class="ver">13</span>And king Solomon gave unto the queen of Sheba all her desire, whatsoever she asked, beside that which Solomon gave her of his royal bounty. So she turned and went to her own country, she and her servants. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Now the weight of gold that came to Solomon in one year was six hundred threescore and six talents of gold, <span class="ver">15M
</span>Beside that he had of the merchantmen, and of the traffick of the spice merchants, and of all the kings of Arabia, and of the governors of the country. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And king Solomon made two hundred targets of beaten gold: six hundred shekels of gold went to one target. <span class="ver">17</span>And he made three hundred shields of beaten gold; three pound of gold went to one shield: and the king put them in the house of the forest of Lebanon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>MorM
eover the king made a great throne of ivory, and overlaid it with the best gold. <span class="ver">19</span>The throne had six steps, and the top of the throne was round behind: and there were stays on either side on the place of the seat, and two lions stood beside the stays. <span class="ver">20</span>And twelve lions stood there on the one side and on the other upon the six steps: there was not the like made in any kingdom. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And all king Solomon
s drinking vessels were of goM
ld, and all the vessels of the house of the forest of Lebanon were of pure gold; none were of silver: it was nothing accounted of in the days of Solomon. <span class="ver">22</span>For the king had at sea a navy of Tharshish with the navy of Hiram: once in three years came the navy of Tharshish, bringing gold, and silver, ivory, and apes, and peacocks. <span class="ver">23</span>So king Solomon exceeded all the kings of the earth for riches and for wisdom. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And all the earth sougM
ht to Solomon, to hear his wisdom, which God had put in his heart. <span class="ver">25</span>And they brought every man his present, vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and garments, and armour, and spices, horses, and mules, a rate year by year. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>And Solomon gathered together chariots and horsemen: and he had a thousand and four hundred chariots, and twelve thousand horsemen, whom he bestowed in the cities for chariots, and with the king at Jerusalem. <span class="ver">27</M
span>And the king made silver to be in Jerusalem as stones, and cedars made he to be as the sycomore trees that are in the vale, for abundance. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>And Solomon had horses brought out of Egypt, and linen yarn: the king
s merchants received the linen yarn at a price. <span class="ver">29</span>And a chariot came up and went out of Egypt for six hundred shekels of silver, and an horse for an hundred and fifty: and so for all the kings of the Hittites, and for the kings of Syria, did M
they bring them out by their means.
<h2 id="c11">Chapter 11</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>But king Solomon loved many strange women, together with the daughter of Pharaoh, women of the Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Zidonians, and Hittites; <span class="ver">2</span>Of the nations concerning which the LORD said unto the children of Israel, Ye shall not go in to them, neither shall they come in unto you: for surely they will turn away your heart after their gods: Solomon clave unto these in love. <span claM
ss="ver">3</span>And he had seven hundred wives, princesses, and three hundred concubines: and his wives turned away his heart. <span class="ver">4</span>For it came to pass, when Solomon was old, that his wives turned away his heart after other gods: and his heart was not perfect with the LORD his God, as was the heart of David his father. <span class="ver">5</span>For Solomon went after Ashtoreth the goddess of the Zidonians, and after Milcom the abomination of the Ammonites. <span class="ver">6</span>And SolomonM
did evil in the sight of the LORD, and went not fully after the LORD, as did David his father. <span class="ver">7</span>Then did Solomon build an high place for Chemosh, the abomination of Moab, in the hill that is before Jerusalem, and for Molech, the abomination of the children of Ammon. <span class="ver">8</span>And likewise did he for all his strange wives, which burnt incense and sacrificed unto their gods. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And the LORD was angry with Solomon, because his heart was turned M
from the LORD God of Israel, which had appeared unto him twice, <span class="ver">10</span>And had commanded him concerning this thing, that he should not go after other gods: but he kept not that which the LORD commanded. <span class="ver">11</span>Wherefore the LORD said unto Solomon, Forasmuch as this is done of thee, and thou hast not kept my covenant and my statutes, which I have commanded thee, I will surely rend the kingdom from thee, and will give it to thy servant. <span class="ver">12</span>NotwithstandinM
g in thy days I will not do it for David thy father
s sake: but I will rend it out of the hand of thy son. <span class="ver">13</span>Howbeit I will not rend away all the kingdom; but will give one tribe to thy son for David my servant
s sake, and for Jerusalem
s sake which I have chosen. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And the LORD stirred up an adversary unto Solomon, Hadad the Edomite: he was of the king
s seed in Edom. <span class="ver">15</span>For it came to pass, when David was in Edom, and JoabM
the captain of the host was gone up to bury the slain, after he had smitten every male in Edom; <span class="ver">16</span>(For six months did Joab remain there with all Israel, until he had cut off every male in Edom:) <span class="ver">17</span>That Hadad fled, he and certain Edomites of his father
s servants with him, to go into Egypt; Hadad being yet a little child. <span class="ver">18</span>And they arose out of Midian, and came to Paran: and they took men with them out of Paran, and they came to Egypt, unM
to Pharaoh king of Egypt; which gave him an house, and appointed him victuals, and gave him land. <span class="ver">19</span>And Hadad found great favour in the sight of Pharaoh, so that he gave him to wife the sister of his own wife, the sister of Tahpenes the queen. <span class="ver">20</span>And the sister of Tahpenes bare him Genubath his son, whom Tahpenes weaned in Pharaoh
s house: and Genubath was in Pharaoh
s household among the sons of Pharaoh. <span class="ver">21</span>And when Hadad heard in Egypt tM
hat David slept with his fathers, and that Joab the captain of the host was dead, Hadad said to Pharaoh, Let me depart, that I may go to mine own country. <span class="ver">22</span>Then Pharaoh said unto him, But what hast thou lacked with me, that, behold, thou seekest to go to thine own country? And he answered, Nothing: howbeit let me go in any wise. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And God stirred him up another adversary, Rezon the son of Eliadah, which fled from his lord Hadadezer king of Zobah: <span clM
ass="ver">24</span>And he gathered men unto him, and became captain over a band, when David slew them of Zobah: and they went to Damascus, and dwelt therein, and reigned in Damascus. <span class="ver">25</span>And he was an adversary to Israel all the days of Solomon, beside the mischief that Hadad did: and he abhorred Israel, and reigned over Syria. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>And Jeroboam the son of Nebat, an Ephrathite of Zereda, Solomon
s servant, whose mother
s name was Zeruah, a widow woman, evenM
he lifted up his hand against the king. <span class="ver">27</span>And this was the cause that he lifted up his hand against the king: Solomon built Millo, and repaired the breaches of the city of David his father. <span class="ver">28</span>And the man Jeroboam was a mighty man of valour: and Solomon seeing the young man that he was industrious, he made him ruler over all the charge of the house of Joseph. <span class="ver">29</span>And it came to pass at that time when Jeroboam went out of Jerusalem, that the prM
ophet Ahijah the Shilonite found him in the way; and he had clad himself with a new garment; and they two were alone in the field: <span class="ver">30</span>And Ahijah caught the new garment that was on him, and rent it in twelve pieces: <span class="ver">31</span>And he said to Jeroboam, Take thee ten pieces: for thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel, Behold, I will rend the kingdom out of the hand of Solomon, and will give ten tribes to thee: <span class="ver">32</span>(But he shall have one tribe for my servanM
s sake, and for Jerusalem
s sake, the city which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel:) <span class="ver">33</span>Because that they have forsaken me, and have worshipped Ashtoreth the goddess of the Zidonians, Chemosh the god of the Moabites, and Milcom the god of the children of Ammon, and have not walked in my ways, to do that which is right in mine eyes, and to keep my statutes and my judgments, as did David his father. <span class="ver">34</span>Howbeit I will not take the whole kingdom ouM
t of his hand: but I will make him prince all the days of his life for David my servant
s sake, whom I chose, because he kept my commandments and my statutes: <span class="ver">35</span>But I will take the kingdom out of his son
s hand, and will give it unto thee, even ten tribes. <span class="ver">36</span>And unto his son will I give one tribe, that David my servant may have a light alway before me in Jerusalem, the city which I have chosen me to put my name there. <span class="ver">37</span>And I will take tM
hee, and thou shalt reign according to all that thy soul desireth, and shalt be king over Israel. <span class="ver">38</span>And it shall be, if thou wilt hearken unto all that I command thee, and wilt walk in my ways, and do that is right in my sight, to keep my statutes and my commandments, as David my servant did; that I will be with thee, and build thee a sure house, as I built for David, and will give Israel unto thee. <span class="ver">39</span>And I will for this afflict the seed of David, but not for ever. M
<span class="ver">40</span>Solomon sought therefore to kill Jeroboam. And Jeroboam arose, and fled into Egypt, unto Shishak king of Egypt, and was in Egypt until the death of Solomon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">41</span>And the rest of the acts of Solomon, and all that he did, and his wisdom, are they not written in the book of the acts of Solomon? <span class="ver">42</span>And the time that Solomon reigned in Jerusalem over all Israel was forty years. <span class="ver">43</span>And Solomon slept with his fathersM
, and was buried in the city of David his father: and Rehoboam his son reigned in his stead.
<h2 id="c12">Chapter 12</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Rehoboam went to Shechem: for all Israel were come to Shechem to make him king. <span class="ver">2</span>And it came to pass, when Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who was yet in Egypt, heard of it, (for he was fled from the presence of king Solomon, and Jeroboam dwelt in Egypt;) <span class="ver">3</span>That they sent and called him. And Jeroboam and all the cM
ongregation of Israel came, and spake unto Rehoboam, saying, <span class="ver">4</span>Thy father made our yoke grievous: now therefore make thou the grievous service of thy father, and his heavy yoke which he put upon us, lighter, and we will serve thee. <span class="ver">5</span>And he said unto them, Depart yet for three days, then come again to me. And the people departed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And king Rehoboam consulted with the old men, that stood before Solomon his father while he yet lived, aM
nd said, How do ye advise that I may answer this people? <span class="ver">7</span>And they spake unto him, saying, If thou wilt be a servant unto this people this day, and wilt serve them, and answer them, and speak good words to them, then they will be thy servants for ever. <span class="ver">8</span>But he forsook the counsel of the old men, which they had given him, and consulted with the young men that were grown up with him, and which stood before him: <span class="ver">9</span>And he said unto them, What couM
nsel give ye that we may answer this people, who have spoken to me, saying, Make the yoke which thy father did put upon us lighter? <span class="ver">10</span>And the young men that were grown up with him spake unto him, saying, Thus shalt thou speak unto this people that spake unto thee, saying, Thy father made our yoke heavy, but make thou it lighter unto us; thus shalt thou say unto them, My little finger shall be thicker than my father
s loins. <span class="ver">11</span>And now whereas my father did lade youM
with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke: my father hath chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>So Jeroboam and all the people came to Rehoboam the third day, as the king had appointed, saying, Come to me again the third day. <span class="ver">13</span>And the king answered the people roughly, and forsook the old men
s counsel that they gave him; <span class="ver">14</span>And spake to them after the counsel of the young men, saying, My father madM
e your yoke heavy, and I will add to your yoke: my father also chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions. <span class="ver">15</span>Wherefore the king hearkened not unto the people; for the cause was from the LORD, that he might perform his saying, which the LORD spake by Ahijah the Shilonite unto Jeroboam the son of Nebat. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>So when all Israel saw that the king hearkened not unto them, the people answered the king, saying, What portion have we in David? neM
ither have we inheritance in the son of Jesse: to your tents, O Israel: now see to thine own house, David. So Israel departed unto their tents. <span class="ver">17</span>But as for the children of Israel which dwelt in the cities of Judah, Rehoboam reigned over them. <span class="ver">18</span>Then king Rehoboam sent Adoram, who was over the tribute; and all Israel stoned him with stones, that he died. Therefore king Rehoboam made speed to get him up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem. <span class="ver">19</spanM
>So Israel rebelled against the house of David unto this day. <span class="ver">20</span>And it came to pass, when all Israel heard that Jeroboam was come again, that they sent and called him unto the congregation, and made him king over all Israel: there was none that followed the house of David, but the tribe of Judah only. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And when Rehoboam was come to Jerusalem, he assembled all the house of Judah, with the tribe of Benjamin, an hundred and fourscore thousand chosen men, whiM
ch were warriors, to fight against the house of Israel, to bring the kingdom again to Rehoboam the son of Solomon. <span class="ver">22</span>But the word of God came unto Shemaiah the man of God, saying, <span class="ver">23</span>Speak unto Rehoboam, the son of Solomon, king of Judah, and unto all the house of Judah and Benjamin, and to the remnant of the people, saying, <span class="ver">24</span>Thus saith the LORD, Ye shall not go up, nor fight against your brethren the children of Israel: return every man to M
his house; for this thing is from me. They hearkened therefore to the word of the LORD, and returned to depart, according to the word of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>Then Jeroboam built Shechem in mount Ephraim, and dwelt therein; and went out from thence, and built Penuel. <span class="ver">26</span>And Jeroboam said in his heart, Now shall the kingdom return to the house of David: <span class="ver">27</span>If this people go up to do sacrifice in the house of the LORD at Jerusalem, then shall thM
e heart of this people turn again unto their lord, even unto Rehoboam king of Judah, and they shall kill me, and go again to Rehoboam king of Judah. <span class="ver">28</span>Whereupon the king took counsel, and made two calves of gold, and said unto them, It is too much for you to go up to Jerusalem: behold thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">29</span>And he set the one in Beth-el, and the other put he in Dan. <span class="ver">30</span>And this thing became a sinM
: for the people went to worship before the one, even unto Dan. <span class="ver">31</span>And he made an house of high places, and made priests of the lowest of the people, which were not of the sons of Levi. <span class="ver">32</span>And Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth month, on the fifteenth day of the month, like unto the feast that is in Judah, and he offered upon the altar. So did he in Beth-el, sacrificing unto the calves that he had made: and he placed in Beth-el the priests of the high places whicM
h he had made. <span class="ver">33</span>So he offered upon the altar which he had made in Beth-el the fifteenth day of the eighth month, even in the month which he had devised of his own heart; and ordained a feast unto the children of Israel: and he offered upon the altar, and burnt incense.
<h2 id="c13">Chapter 13</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And, behold, there came a man of God out of Judah by the word of the LORD unto Beth-el: and Jeroboam stood by the altar to burn incense. <span class="ver">2</spM
an>And he cried against the altar in the word of the LORD, and said, O altar, altar, thus saith the LORD; Behold, a child shall be born unto the house of David, Josiah by name; and upon thee shall he offer the priests of the high places that burn incense upon thee, and men
s bones shall be burnt upon thee. <span class="ver">3</span>And he gave a sign the same day, saying, This is the sign which the LORD hath spoken; Behold, the altar shall be rent, and the ashes that are upon it shall be poured out. <span class="M
ver">4</span>And it came to pass, when king Jeroboam heard the saying of the man of God, which had cried against the altar in Beth-el, that he put forth his hand from the altar, saying, Lay hold on him. And his hand, which he put forth against him, dried up, so that he could not pull it in again to him. <span class="ver">5</span>The altar also was rent, and the ashes poured out from the altar, according to the sign which the man of God had given by the word of the LORD. <span class="ver">6</span>And the king answerM
ed and said unto the man of God, Intreat now the face of the LORD thy God, and pray for me, that my hand may be restored me again. And the man of God besought the LORD, and the king
s hand was restored him again, and became as it was before. <span class="ver">7</span>And the king said unto the man of God, Come home with me, and refresh thyself, and I will give thee a reward. <span class="ver">8</span>And the man of God said unto the king, If thou wilt give me half thine house, I will not go in with thee, neither M
will I eat bread nor drink water in this place: <span class="ver">9</span>For so was it charged me by the word of the LORD, saying, Eat no bread, nor drink water, nor turn again by the same way that thou camest. <span class="ver">10</span>So he went another way, and returned not by the way that he came to Beth-el. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Now there dwelt an old prophet in Beth-el; and his sons came and told him all the works that the man of God had done that day in Beth-el: the words which he had spokenM
unto the king, them they told also to their father. <span class="ver">12</span>And their father said unto them, What way went he? For his sons had seen what way the man of God went, which came from Judah. <span class="ver">13</span>And he said unto his sons, Saddle me the ass. So they saddled him the ass: and he rode thereon, <span class="ver">14</span>And went after the man of God, and found him sitting under an oak: and he said unto him, Art thou the man of God that camest from Judah? And he said, I am. <span clM
ass="ver">15</span>Then he said unto him, Come home with me, and eat bread. <span class="ver">16</span>And he said, I may not return with thee, nor go in with thee: neither will I eat bread nor drink water with thee in this place: <span class="ver">17</span>For it was said to me by the word of the LORD, Thou shalt eat no bread nor drink water there, nor turn again to go by the way that thou camest. <span class="ver">18</span>He said unto him, I am a prophet also as thou art; and an angel spake unto me by the word oM
f the LORD, saying, Bring him back with thee into thine house, that he may eat bread and drink water. But he lied unto him. <span class="ver">19</span>So he went back with him, and did eat bread in his house, and drank water. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And it came to pass, as they sat at the table, that the word of the LORD came unto the prophet that brought him back: <span class="ver">21</span>And he cried unto the man of God that came from Judah, saying, Thus saith the LORD, Forasmuch as thou hast disobM
eyed the mouth of the LORD, and hast not kept the commandment which the LORD thy God commanded thee, <span class="ver">22</span>But camest back, and hast eaten bread and drunk water in the place, of the which the Lord did say to thee, Eat no bread, and drink no water; thy carcase shall not come unto the sepulchre of thy fathers. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And it came to pass, after he had eaten bread, and after he had drunk, that he saddled for him the ass, to wit, for the prophet whom he had brought backM
. <span class="ver">24</span>And when he was gone, a lion met him by the way, and slew him: and his carcase was cast in the way, and the ass stood by it, the lion also stood by the carcase. <span class="ver">25</span>And, behold, men passed by, and saw the carcase cast in the way, and the lion standing by the carcase: and they came and told it in the city where the old prophet dwelt. <span class="ver">26</span>And when the prophet that brought him back from the way heard thereof, he said, It is the man of God, who M
was disobedient unto the word of the LORD: therefore the LORD hath delivered him unto the lion, which hath torn him, and slain him, according to the word of the LORD, which he spake unto him. <span class="ver">27</span>And he spake to his sons, saying, Saddle me the ass. And they saddled him. <span class="ver">28</span>And he went and found his carcase cast in the way, and the ass and the lion standing by the carcase: the lion had not eaten the carcase, nor torn the ass. <span class="ver">29</span>And the prophet tM
ook up the carcase of the man of God, and laid it upon the ass, and brought it back: and the old prophet came to the city, to mourn and to bury him. <span class="ver">30</span>And he laid his carcase in his own grave; and they mourned over him, saying, Alas, my brother! <span class="ver">31</span>And it came to pass, after he had buried him, that he spake to his sons, saying, When I am dead, then bury me in the sepulchre wherein the man of God is buried; lay my bones beside his bones: <span class="ver">32</span>ForM
the saying which he cried by the word of the LORD against the altar in Beth-el, and against all the houses of the high places which are in the cities of Samaria, shall surely come to pass. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>After this thing Jeroboam returned not from his evil way, but made again of the lowest of the people priests of the high places: whosoever would, he consecrated him, and he became one of the priests of the high places. <span class="ver">34</span>And this thing became sin unto the house of JerM
oboam, even to cut it off, and to destroy it from off the face of the earth.
<h2 id="c14">Chapter 14</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>At that time Abijah the son of Jeroboam fell sick. <span class="ver">2</span>And Jeroboam said to his wife, Arise, I pray thee, and disguise thyself, that thou be not known to be the wife of Jeroboam; and get thee to Shiloh: behold, there is Ahijah the prophet, which told me that I should be king over this people. <span class="ver">3</span>And take with thee ten loaves, and crM
acknels, and a cruse of honey, and go to him: he shall tell thee what shall become of the child. <span class="ver">4</span>And Jeroboam
s wife did so, and arose, and went to Shiloh, and came to the house of Ahijah. But Ahijah could not see; for his eyes were set by reason of his age. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And the LORD said unto Ahijah, Behold, the wife of Jeroboam cometh to ask a thing of thee for her son; for he is sick: thus and thus shalt thou say unto her: for it shall be, when she cometh in, thM
at she shall feign herself to be another woman. <span class="ver">6</span>And it was so, when Ahijah heard the sound of her feet, as she came in at the door, that he said, Come in, thou wife of Jeroboam; why feignest thou thyself to be another? for I am sent to thee with heavy tidings. <span class="ver">7</span>Go, tell Jeroboam, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Forasmuch as I exalted thee from among the people, and made thee prince over my people Israel, <span class="ver">8</span>And rent the kingdom away from tM
he house of David, and gave it thee: and yet thou hast not been as my servant David, who kept my commandments, and who followed me with all his heart, to do that only which was right in mine eyes; <span class="ver">9</span>But hast done evil above all that were before thee: for thou hast gone and made thee other gods, and molten images, to provoke me to anger, and hast cast me behind thy back: <span class="ver">10</span>Therefore, behold, I will bring evil upon the house of Jeroboam, and will cut off from Jeroboam M
him that pisseth against the wall, and him that is shut up and left in Israel, and will take away the remnant of the house of Jeroboam, as a man taketh away dung, till it be all gone. <span class="ver">11</span>Him that dieth of Jeroboam in the city shall the dogs eat; and him that dieth in the field shall the fowls of the air eat: for the LORD hath spoken it. <span class="ver">12</span>Arise thou therefore, get thee to thine own house: and when thy feet enter into the city, the child shall die. <span class="ver">1M
3</span>And all Israel shall mourn for him, and bury him: for he only of Jeroboam shall come to the grave, because in him there is found some good thing toward the LORD God of Israel in the house of Jeroboam. <span class="ver">14</span>Moreover the LORD shall raise him up a king over Israel, who shall cut off the house of Jeroboam that day: but what? even now. <span class="ver">15</span>For the LORD shall smite Israel, as a reed is shaken in the water, and he shall root up Israel out of this good land, which he gavM
e to their fathers, and shall scatter them beyond the river, because they have made their groves, provoking the LORD to anger. <span class="ver">16</span>And he shall give Israel up because of the sins of Jeroboam, who did sin, and who made Israel to sin. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And Jeroboam
s wife arose, and departed, and came to Tirzah: and when she came to the threshold of the door, the child died; <span class="ver">18</span>And they buried him; and all Israel mourned for him, according to the worM
d of the LORD, which he spake by the hand of his servant Ahijah the prophet. <span class="ver">19</span>And the rest of the acts of Jeroboam, how he warred, and how he reigned, behold, they are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel. <span class="ver">20</span>And the days which Jeroboam reigned were two and twenty years: and he slept with his fathers, and Nadab his son reigned in his stead. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And Rehoboam the son of Solomon reigned in Judah. Rehoboam was forM
ty and one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned seventeen years in Jerusalem, the city which the LORD did choose out of all the tribes of Israel, to put his name there. And his mother
s name was Naamah an Ammonitess. <span class="ver">22</span>And Judah did evil in the sight of the LORD, and they provoked him to jealousy with their sins which they had committed, above all that their fathers had done. <span class="ver">23</span>For they also built them high places, and images, and groves, on every highM
hill, and under every green tree. <span class="ver">24</span>And there were also sodomites in the land: and they did according to all the abominations of the nations which the LORD cast out before the children of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And it came to pass in the fifth year of king Rehoboam, that Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem: <span class="ver">26</span>And he took away the treasures of the house of the LORD, and the treasures of the king
s house; he even took away all: andM
he took away all the shields of gold which Solomon had made. <span class="ver">27</span>And king Rehoboam made in their stead brasen shields, and committed them unto the hands of the chief of the guard, which kept the door of the king
s house. <span class="ver">28</span>And it was so, when the king went into the house of the LORD, that the guard bare them, and brought them back into the guard chamber. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>Now the rest of the acts of Rehoboam, and all that he did, are they not wriM
tten in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? <span class="ver">30</span>And there was war between Rehoboam and Jeroboam all their days. <span class="ver">31</span>And Rehoboam slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in the city of David. And his mother
s name was Naamah an Ammonitess. And Abijam his son reigned in his stead.
<h2 id="c15">Chapter 15</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now in the eighteenth year of king Jeroboam the son of Nebat reigned Abijam over Judah. <span clasM
s="ver">2</span>Three years reigned he in Jerusalem. And his mother
s name was Maachah, the daughter of Abishalom. <span class="ver">3</span>And he walked in all the sins of his father, which he had done before him: and his heart was not perfect with the LORD his God, as the heart of David his father. <span class="ver">4</span>Nevertheless for David
s sake did the LORD his God give him a lamp in Jerusalem, to set up his son after him, and to establish Jerusalem: <span class="ver">5</span>Because David did that M
which was right in the eyes of the LORD, and turned not aside from any thing that he commanded him all the days of his life, save only in the matter of Uriah the Hittite. <span class="ver">6</span>And there was war between Rehoboam and Jeroboam all the days of his life. <span class="ver">7</span>Now the rest of the acts of Abijam, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? And there was war between Abijam and Jeroboam. <span class="ver">8</span>And Abijam slept wiM
th his fathers; and they buried him in the city of David: and Asa his son reigned in his stead. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And in the twentieth year of Jeroboam king of Israel reigned Asa over Judah. <span class="ver">10</span>And forty and one years reigned he in Jerusalem. And his mother
s name was Maachah, the daughter of Abishalom. <span class="ver">11</span>And Asa did that which was right in the eyes of the LORD, as did David his father. <span class="ver">12</span>And he took away the sodomites outM
of the land, and removed all the idols that his fathers had made. <span class="ver">13</span>And also Maachah his mother, even her he removed from being queen, because she had made an idol in a grove; and Asa destroyed her idol, and burnt it by the brook Kidron. <span class="ver">14</span>But the high places were not removed: nevertheless Asa
s heart was perfect with the LORD all his days. <span class="ver">15</span>And he brought in the things which his father had dedicated, and the things which himself had dedM
icated, into the house of the LORD, silver, and gold, and vessels. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And there was war between Asa and Baasha king of Israel all their days. <span class="ver">17</span>And Baasha king of Israel went up against Judah, and built Ramah, that he might not suffer any to go out or come in to Asa king of Judah. <span class="ver">18</span>Then Asa took all the silver and the gold that were left in the treasures of the house of the LORD, and the treasures of the king
s house, and deliverM
ed them into the hand of his servants: and king Asa sent them to Ben-hadad, the son of Tabrimon, the son of Hezion, king of Syria, that dwelt at Damascus, saying, <span class="ver">19</span>There is a league between me and thee, and between my father and thy father: behold, I have sent unto thee a present of silver and gold; come and break thy league with Baasha king of Israel, that he may depart from me. <span class="ver">20</span>So Ben-hadad hearkened unto king Asa, and sent the captains of the hosts which he haM
d against the cities of Israel, and smote Ijon, and Dan, and Abel-beth-maachah, and all Cinneroth, with all the land of Naphtali. <span class="ver">21</span>And it came to pass, when Baasha heard thereof, that he left off building of Ramah, and dwelt in Tirzah. <span class="ver">22</span>Then king Asa made a proclamation throughout all Judah; none was exempted: and they took away the stones of Ramah, and the timber thereof, wherewith Baasha had builded; and king Asa built with them Geba of Benjamin, and Mizpah. <spM
an class="ver">23</span>The rest of all the acts of Asa, and all his might, and all that he did, and the cities which he built, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? Nevertheless in the time of his old age he was diseased in his feet. <span class="ver">24</span>And Asa slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in the city of David his father: and Jehoshaphat his son reigned in his stead. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And Nadab the son of Jeroboam began to reiM
gn over Israel in the second year of Asa king of Judah, and reigned over Israel two years. <span class="ver">26</span>And he did evil in the sight of the LORD, and walked in the way of his father, and in his sin wherewith he made Israel to sin. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>And Baasha the son of Ahijah, of the house of Issachar, conspired against him; and Baasha smote him at Gibbethon, which belonged to the Philistines; for Nadab and all Israel laid siege to Gibbethon. <span class="ver">28</span>Even in the M
third year of Asa king of Judah did Baasha slay him, and reigned in his stead. <span class="ver">29</span>And it came to pass, when he reigned, that he smote all the house of Jeroboam; he left not to Jeroboam any that breathed, until he had destroyed him, according unto the saying of the LORD, which he spake by his servant Ahijah the Shilonite: <span class="ver">30</span>Because of the sins of Jeroboam which he sinned, and which he made Israel sin, by his provocation wherewith he provoked the LORD God of Israel to M
<p><span class="ver">31</span>Now the rest of the acts of Nadab, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? <span class="ver">32</span>And there was war between Asa and Baasha king of Israel all their days. <span class="ver">33</span>In the third year of Asa king of Judah began Baasha the son of Ahijah to reign over all Israel in Tirzah, twenty and four years. <span class="ver">34</span>And he did evil in the sight of the LORD, and walked in the wayM
of Jeroboam, and in his sin wherewith he made Israel to sin.
<h2 id="c16">Chapter 16</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then the word of the LORD came to Jehu the son of Hanani against Baasha, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Forasmuch as I exalted thee out of the dust, and made thee prince over my people Israel; and thou hast walked in the way of Jeroboam, and hast made my people Israel to sin, to provoke me to anger with their sins; <span class="ver">3</span>Behold, I will take away the posterity of BaashaM
, and the posterity of his house; and will make thy house like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat. <span class="ver">4</span>Him that dieth of Baasha in the city shall the dogs eat; and him that dieth of his in the fields shall the fowls of the air eat. <span class="ver">5</span>Now the rest of the acts of Baasha, and what he did, and his might, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? <span class="ver">6</span>So Baasha slept with his fathers, and was buried in Tirzah: and ElaM
h his son reigned in his stead. <span class="ver">7</span>And also by the hand of the prophet Jehu the son of Hanani came the word of the LORD against Baasha, and against his house, even for all the evil that he did in the sight of the LORD, in provoking him to anger with the work of his hands, in being like the house of Jeroboam; and because he killed him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>In the twenty and sixth year of Asa king of Judah began Elah the son of Baasha to reign over Israel in Tirzah, two years. <sM
pan class="ver">9</span>And his servant Zimri, captain of half his chariots, conspired against him, as he was in Tirzah, drinking himself drunk in the house of Arza steward of his house in Tirzah. <span class="ver">10</span>And Zimri went in and smote him, and killed him, in the twenty and seventh year of Asa king of Judah, and reigned in his stead. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And it came to pass, when he began to reign, as soon as he sat on his throne, that he slew all the house of Baasha: he left him notM
one that pisseth against a wall, neither of his kinsfolks, nor of his friends. <span class="ver">12</span>Thus did Zimri destroy all the house of Baasha, according to the word of the LORD, which he spake against Baasha by Jehu the prophet, <span class="ver">13</span>For all the sins of Baasha, and the sins of Elah his son, by which they sinned, and by which they made Israel to sin, in provoking the LORD God of Israel to anger with their vanities. <span class="ver">14</span>Now the rest of the acts of Elah, and allM
that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>In the twenty and seventh year of Asa king of Judah did Zimri reign seven days in Tirzah. And the people were encamped against Gibbethon, which belonged to the Philistines. <span class="ver">16</span>And the people that were encamped heard say, Zimri hath conspired, and hath also slain the king: wherefore all Israel made Omri, the captain of the host, king over Israel that day in the camp. <M
span class="ver">17</span>And Omri went up from Gibbethon, and all Israel with him, and they besieged Tirzah. <span class="ver">18</span>And it came to pass, when Zimri saw that the city was taken, that he went into the palace of the king
s house, and burnt the king
s house over him with fire, and died, <span class="ver">19</span>For his sins which he sinned in doing evil in the sight of the LORD, in walking in the way of Jeroboam, and in his sin which he did, to make Israel to sin. <span class="ver">20</span>NM
ow the rest of the acts of Zimri, and his treason that he wrought, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Then were the people of Israel divided into two parts: half of the people followed Tibni the son of Ginath, to make him king; and half followed Omri. <span class="ver">22</span>But the people that followed Omri prevailed against the people that followed Tibni the son of Ginath: so Tibni died, and Omri reigned. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2M
3</span>In the thirty and first year of Asa king of Judah began Omri to reign over Israel, twelve years: six years reigned he in Tirzah. <span class="ver">24</span>And he bought the hill Samaria of Shemer for two talents of silver, and built on the hill, and called the name of the city which he built, after the name of Shemer, owner of the hill, Samaria. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>But Omri wrought evil in the eyes of the LORD, and did worse than all that were before him. <span class="ver">26</span>For he M
walked in all the way of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and in his sin wherewith he made Israel to sin, to provoke the LORD God of Israel to anger with their vanities. <span class="ver">27</span>Now the rest of the acts of Omri which he did, and his might that he shewed, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? <span class="ver">28</span>So Omri slept with his fathers, and was buried in Samaria: and Ahab his son reigned in his stead. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>And in the thirM
ty and eighth year of Asa king of Judah began Ahab the son of Omri to reign over Israel: and Ahab the son of Omri reigned over Israel in Samaria twenty and two years. <span class="ver">30</span>And Ahab the son of Omri did evil in the sight of the LORD above all that were before him. <span class="ver">31</span>And it came to pass, as if it had been a light thing for him to walk in the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, that he took to wife Jezebel the daughter of Ethbaal king of the Zidonians, and went and served BM
aal, and worshipped him. <span class="ver">32</span>And he reared up an altar for Baal in the house of Baal, which he had built in Samaria. <span class="ver">33</span>And Ahab made a grove; and Ahab did more to provoke the LORD God of Israel to anger than all the kings of Israel that were before him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">34</span>In his days did Hiel the Beth-elite build Jericho: he laid the foundation thereof in Abiram his firstborn, and set up the gates thereof in his youngest son Segub, according to the wM
ord of the LORD, which he spake by Joshua the son of Nun.
<h2 id="c17">Chapter 17</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Elijah the Tishbite, who was of the inhabitants of Gilead, said unto Ahab, As the LORD God of Israel liveth, before whom I stand, there shall not be dew nor rain these years, but according to my word. <span class="ver">2</span>And the word of the LORD came unto him, saying, <span class="ver">3</span>Get thee hence, and turn thee eastward, and hide thyself by the brook Cherith, that is beforeM
Jordan. <span class="ver">4</span>And it shall be, that thou shalt drink of the brook; and I have commanded the ravens to feed thee there. <span class="ver">5</span>So he went and did according unto the word of the LORD: for he went and dwelt by the brook Cherith, that is before Jordan. <span class="ver">6</span>And the ravens brought him bread and flesh in the morning, and bread and flesh in the evening; and he drank of the brook. <span class="ver">7</span>And it came to pass after a while, that the brook dried uM
p, because there had been no rain in the land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And the word of the LORD came unto him, saying, <span class="ver">9</span>Arise, get thee to Zarephath, which belongeth to Zidon, and dwell there: behold, I have commanded a widow woman there to sustain thee. <span class="ver">10</span>So he arose and went to Zarephath. And when he came to the gate of the city, behold, the widow woman was there gathering of sticks: and he called to her, and said, Fetch me, I pray thee, a little waterM
in a vessel, that I may drink. <span class="ver">11</span>And as she was going to fetch it, he called to her, and said, Bring me, I pray thee, a morsel of bread in thine hand. <span class="ver">12</span>And she said, As the LORD thy God liveth, I have not a cake, but an handful of meal in a barrel, and a little oil in a cruse: and, behold, I am gathering two sticks, that I may go in and dress it for me and my son, that we may eat it, and die. <span class="ver">13</span>And Elijah said unto her, Fear not; go and doM
as thou hast said: but make me thereof a little cake first, and bring it unto me, and after make for thee and for thy son. <span class="ver">14</span>For thus saith the LORD God of Israel, The barrel of meal shall not waste, neither shall the cruse of oil fail, until the day that the LORD sendeth rain upon the earth. <span class="ver">15</span>And she went and did according to the saying of Elijah: and she, and he, and her house, did eat many days. <span class="ver">16</span>And the barrel of meal wasted not, neitM
her did the cruse of oil fail, according to the word of the LORD, which he spake by Elijah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And it came to pass after these things, that the son of the woman, the mistress of the house, fell sick; and his sickness was so sore, that there was no breath left in him. <span class="ver">18</span>And she said unto Elijah, What have I to do with thee, O thou man of God? art thou come unto me to call my sin to remembrance, and to slay my son? <span class="ver">19</span>And he said unto M
her, Give me thy son. And he took him out of her bosom, and carried him up into a loft, where he abode, and laid him upon his own bed. <span class="ver">20</span>And he cried unto the LORD, and said, O LORD my God, hast thou also brought evil upon the widow with whom I sojourn, by slaying her son? <span class="ver">21</span>And he stretched himself upon the child three times, and cried unto the LORD, and said, O LORD my God, I pray thee, let this child
s soul come into him again. <span class="ver">22</span>And thM
e LORD heard the voice of Elijah; and the soul of the child came into him again, and he revived. <span class="ver">23</span>And Elijah took the child, and brought him down out of the chamber into the house, and delivered him unto his mother: and Elijah said, See, thy son liveth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And the woman said to Elijah, Now by this I know that thou art a man of God, and that the word of the LORD in thy mouth is truth.
<h2 id="c18">Chapter 18</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it caM
me to pass after many days, that the word of the LORD came to Elijah in the third year, saying, Go, shew thyself unto Ahab; and I will send rain upon the earth. <span class="ver">2</span>And Elijah went to shew himself unto Ahab. And there was a sore famine in Samaria. <span class="ver">3</span>And Ahab called Obadiah, which was the governor of his house. (Now Obadiah feared the LORD greatly: <span class="ver">4</span>For it was so, when Jezebel cut off the prophets of the LORD, that Obadiah took an hundred prophetM
s, and hid them by fifty in a cave, and fed them with bread and water.) <span class="ver">5</span>And Ahab said unto Obadiah, Go into the land, unto all fountains of water, and unto all brooks: peradventure we may find grass to save the horses and mules alive, that we lose not all the beasts. <span class="ver">6</span>So they divided the land between them to pass throughout it: Ahab went one way by himself, and Obadiah went another way by himself. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And as Obadiah was in the way, bM
ehold, Elijah met him: and he knew him, and fell on his face, and said, Art thou that my lord Elijah? <span class="ver">8</span>And he answered him, I am: go, tell thy lord, Behold, Elijah is here. <span class="ver">9</span>And he said, What have I sinned, that thou wouldest deliver thy servant into the hand of Ahab, to slay me? <span class="ver">10</span>As the LORD thy God liveth, there is no nation or kingdom, whither my lord hath not sent to seek thee: and when they said, He is not there; he took an oath of theM
kingdom and nation, that they found thee not. <span class="ver">11</span>And now thou sayest, Go, tell thy lord, Behold, Elijah is here. <span class="ver">12</span>And it shall come to pass, as soon as I am gone from thee, that the Spirit of the LORD shall carry thee whither I know not; and so when I come and tell Ahab, and he cannot find thee, he shall slay me: but I thy servant fear the LORD from my youth. <span class="ver">13</span>Was it not told my lord what I did when Jezebel slew the prophets of the LORD, hM
ow I hid an hundred men of the LORD
s prophets by fifty in a cave, and fed them with bread and water? <span class="ver">14</span>And now thou sayest, Go, tell thy lord, Behold, Elijah is here: and he shall slay me. <span class="ver">15</span>And Elijah said, As the LORD of hosts liveth, before whom I stand, I will surely shew myself unto him to day. <span class="ver">16</span>So Obadiah went to meet Ahab, and told him: and Ahab went to meet Elijah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And it came to pass, when AhM
ab saw Elijah, that Ahab said unto him, Art thou he that troubleth Israel? <span class="ver">18</span>And he answered, I have not troubled Israel; but thou, and thy father
s house, in that ye have forsaken the commandments of the LORD, and thou hast followed Baalim. <span class="ver">19</span>Now therefore send, and gather to me all Israel unto mount Carmel, and the prophets of Baal four hundred and fifty, and the prophets of the groves four hundred, which eat at Jezebel
s table. <span class="ver">20</span>So AM
hab sent unto all the children of Israel, and gathered the prophets together unto mount Carmel. <span class="ver">21</span>And Elijah came unto all the people, and said, How long halt ye between two opinions? if the LORD be God, follow him: but if Baal, then follow him. And the people answered him not a word. <span class="ver">22</span>Then said Elijah unto the people, I, even I only, remain a prophet of the LORD; but Baal
s prophets are four hundred and fifty men. <span class="ver">23</span>Let them therefore giM
ve us two bullocks; and let them choose one bullock for themselves, and cut it in pieces, and lay it on wood, and put no fire under: and I will dress the other bullock, and lay it on wood, and put no fire under: <span class="ver">24</span>And call ye on the name of your gods, and I will call on the name of the LORD: and the God that answereth by fire, let him be God. And all the people answered and said, It is well spoken. <span class="ver">25</span>And Elijah said unto the prophets of Baal, Choose you one bullock M
for yourselves, and dress it first; for ye are many; and call on the name of your gods, but put no fire under. <span class="ver">26</span>And they took the bullock which was given them, and they dressed it, and called on the name of Baal from morning even until noon, saying, O Baal, hear us. But there was no voice, nor any that answered. And they leaped upon the altar which was made. <span class="ver">27</span>And it came to pass at noon, that Elijah mocked them, and said, Cry aloud: for he is a god; either he is tM
alking, or he is pursuing, or he is in a journey, or peradventure he sleepeth, and must be awaked. <span class="ver">28</span>And they cried aloud, and cut themselves after their manner with knives and lancets, till the blood gushed out upon them. <span class="ver">29</span>And it came to pass, when midday was past, and they prophesied until the time of the offering of the evening sacrifice, that there was neither voice, nor any to answer, nor any that regarded. <span class="ver">30</span>And Elijah said unto all tM
he people, Come near unto me. And all the people came near unto him. And he repaired the altar of the LORD that was broken down. <span class="ver">31</span>And Elijah took twelve stones, according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Jacob, unto whom the word of the LORD came, saying, Israel shall be thy name: <span class="ver">32</span>And with the stones he built an altar in the name of the LORD: and he made a trench about the altar, as great as would contain two measures of seed. <span class="ver">33</spanM
>And he put the wood in order, and cut the bullock in pieces, and laid him on the wood, and said, Fill four barrels with water, and pour it on the burnt sacrifice, and on the wood. <span class="ver">34</span>And he said, Do it the second time. And they did it the second time. And he said, Do it the third time. And they did it the third time. <span class="ver">35</span>And the water ran round about the altar; and he filled the trench also with water. <span class="ver">36</span>And it came to pass at the time of the M
offering of the evening sacrifice, that Elijah the prophet came near, and said, LORD God of Abraham, Isaac, and of Israel, let it be known this day that thou art God in Israel, and that I am thy servant, and that I have done all these things at thy word. <span class="ver">37</span>Hear me, O LORD, hear me, that this people may know that thou art the LORD God, and that thou hast turned their heart back again. <span class="ver">38</span>Then the fire of the LORD fell, and consumed the burnt sacrifice, and the wood, aM
nd the stones, and the dust, and licked up the water that was in the trench. <span class="ver">39</span>And when all the people saw it, they fell on their faces: and they said, The LORD, he is the God; the LORD, he is the God. <span class="ver">40</span>And Elijah said unto them, Take the prophets of Baal; let not one of them escape. And they took them: and Elijah brought them down to the brook Kishon, and slew them there. </p>
<p><span class="ver">41</span>And Elijah said unto Ahab, Get thee up, eat and drink; fM
or there is a sound of abundance of rain. <span class="ver">42</span>So Ahab went up to eat and to drink. And Elijah went up to the top of Carmel; and he cast himself down upon the earth, and put his face between his knees, <span class="ver">43</span>And said to his servant, Go up now, look toward the sea. And he went up, and looked, and said, There is nothing. And he said, Go again seven times. <span class="ver">44</span>And it came to pass at the seventh time, that he said, Behold, there ariseth a little cloud ouM
t of the sea, like a man
s hand. And he said, Go up, say unto Ahab, Prepare thy chariot, and get thee down, that the rain stop thee not. <span class="ver">45</span>And it came to pass in the mean while, that the heaven was black with clouds and wind, and there was a great rain. And Ahab rode, and went to Jezreel. <span class="ver">46</span>And the hand of the LORD was on Elijah; and he girded up his loins, and ran before Ahab to the entrance of Jezreel.
<h2 id="c19">Chapter 19</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</sM
pan>And Ahab told Jezebel all that Elijah had done, and withal how he had slain all the prophets with the sword. <span class="ver">2</span>Then Jezebel sent a messenger unto Elijah, saying, So let the gods do to me, and more also, if I make not thy life as the life of one of them by to morrow about this time. <span class="ver">3</span>And when he saw that, he arose, and went for his life, and came to Beer-sheba, which belongeth to Judah, and left his servant there. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>But he himselfM
s journey into the wilderness, and came and sat down under a juniper tree: and he requested for himself that he might die; and said, It is enough; now, O LORD, take away my life; for I am not better than my fathers. <span class="ver">5</span>And as he lay and slept under a juniper tree, behold, then an angel touched him, and said unto him, Arise and eat. <span class="ver">6</span>And he looked, and, behold, there was a cake baken on the coals, and a cruse of water at his head. And he did eat and drinkM
, and laid him down again. <span class="ver">7</span>And the angel of the LORD came again the second time, and touched him, and said, Arise and eat; because the journey is too great for thee. <span class="ver">8</span>And he arose, and did eat and drink, and went in the strength of that meat forty days and forty nights unto Horeb the mount of God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And he came thither unto a cave, and lodged there; and, behold, the word of the LORD came to him, and he said unto him, What doest thoM
u here, Elijah? <span class="ver">10</span>And he said, I have been very jealous for the LORD God of hosts: for the children of Israel have forsaken thy covenant, thrown down thine altars, and slain thy prophets with the sword; and I, even I only, am left; and they seek my life, to take it away. <span class="ver">11</span>And he said, Go forth, and stand upon the mount before the LORD. And, behold, the LORD passed by, and a great and strong wind rent the mountains, and brake in pieces the rocks before the LORD; butM
the LORD was not in the wind: and after the wind an earthquake; but the LORD was not in the earthquake: <span class="ver">12</span>And after the earthquake a fire; but the LORD was not in the fire: and after the fire a still small voice. <span class="ver">13</span>And it was so, when Elijah heard it, that he wrapped his face in his mantle, and went out, and stood in the entering in of the cave. And, behold, there came a voice unto him, and said, What doest thou here, Elijah? <span class="ver">14</span>And he said,M
I have been very jealous for the LORD God of hosts: because the children of Israel have forsaken thy covenant, thrown down thine altars, and slain thy prophets with the sword; and I, even I only, am left; and they seek my life, to take it away. <span class="ver">15</span>And the LORD said unto him, Go, return on thy way to the wilderness of Damascus: and when thou comest, anoint Hazael to be king over Syria: <span class="ver">16</span>And Jehu the son of Nimshi shalt thou anoint to be king over Israel: and Elisha M
the son of Shaphat of Abel-meholah shalt thou anoint to be prophet in thy room. <span class="ver">17</span>And it shall come to pass, that him that escapeth the sword of Hazael shall Jehu slay: and him that escapeth from the sword of Jehu shall Elisha slay. <span class="ver">18</span>Yet I have left me seven thousand in Israel, all the knees which have not bowed unto Baal, and every mouth which hath not kissed him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>So he departed thence, and found Elisha the son of Shaphat, who M
was plowing with twelve yoke of oxen before him, and he with the twelfth: and Elijah passed by him, and cast his mantle upon him. <span class="ver">20</span>And he left the oxen, and ran after Elijah, and said, Let me, I pray thee, kiss my father and my mother, and then I will follow thee. And he said unto him, Go back again: for what have I done to thee? <span class="ver">21</span>And he returned back from him, and took a yoke of oxen, and slew them, and boiled their flesh with the instruments of the oxen, and gavM
e unto the people, and they did eat. Then he arose, and went after Elijah, and ministered unto him.
<h2 id="c20">Chapter 20</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Ben-hadad the king of Syria gathered all his host together: and there were thirty and two kings with him, and horses, and chariots: and he went up and besieged Samaria, and warred against it. <span class="ver">2</span>And he sent messengers to Ahab king of Israel into the city, and said unto him, Thus saith Ben-hadad, <span class="ver">3</span>Thy siM
lver and thy gold is mine; thy wives also and thy children, even the goodliest, are mine. <span class="ver">4</span>And the king of Israel answered and said, My lord, O king, according to thy saying, I am thine, and all that I have. <span class="ver">5</span>And the messengers came again, and said, Thus speaketh Ben-hadad, saying, Although I have sent unto thee, saying, Thou shalt deliver me thy silver, and thy gold, and thy wives, and thy children; <span class="ver">6</span>Yet I will send my servants unto thee toM
morrow about this time, and they shall search thine house, and the houses of thy servants; and it shall be, that whatsoever is pleasant in thine eyes, they shall put it in their hand, and take it away. <span class="ver">7</span>Then the king of Israel called all the elders of the land, and said, Mark, I pray you, and see how this man seeketh mischief: for he sent unto me for my wives, and for my children, and for my silver, and for my gold; and I denied him not. <span class="ver">8</span>And all the elders and allM
the people said unto him, Hearken not unto him, nor consent. <span class="ver">9</span>Wherefore he said unto the messengers of Ben-hadad, Tell my lord the king, All that thou didst send for to thy servant at the first I will do: but this thing I may not do. And the messengers departed, and brought him word again. <span class="ver">10</span>And Ben-hadad sent unto him, and said, The gods do so unto me, and more also, if the dust of Samaria shall suffice for handfuls for all the people that follow me. <span class="M
ver">11</span>And the king of Israel answered and said, Tell him, Let not him that girdeth on his harness boast himself as he that putteth it off. <span class="ver">12</span>And it came to pass, when Ben-hadad heard this message, as he was drinking, he and the kings in the pavilions, that he said unto his servants, Set yourselves in array. And they set themselves in array against the city. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And, behold, there came a prophet unto Ahab king of Israel, saying, Thus saith the LORD, HM
ast thou seen all this great multitude? behold, I will deliver it into thine hand this day; and thou shalt know that I am the LORD. <span class="ver">14</span>And Ahab said, By whom? And he said, Thus saith the LORD, Even by the young men of the princes of the provinces. Then he said, Who shall order the battle? And he answered, Thou. <span class="ver">15</span>Then he numbered the young men of the princes of the provinces, and they were two hundred and thirty two: and after them he numbered all the people, even alM
l the children of Israel, being seven thousand. <span class="ver">16</span>And they went out at noon. But Ben-hadad was drinking himself drunk in the pavilions, he and the kings, the thirty and two kings that helped him. <span class="ver">17</span>And the young men of the princes of the provinces went out first; and Ben-hadad sent out, and they told him, saying, There are men come out of Samaria. <span class="ver">18</span>And he said, Whether they be come out for peace, take them alive; or whether they be come outM
for war, take them alive. <span class="ver">19</span>So these young men of the princes of the provinces came out of the city, and the army which followed them. <span class="ver">20</span>And they slew every one his man: and the Syrians fled; and Israel pursued them: and Ben-hadad the king of Syria escaped on an horse with the horsemen. <span class="ver">21</span>And the king of Israel went out, and smote the horses and chariots, and slew the Syrians with a great slaughter. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And M
the prophet came to the king of Israel, and said unto him, Go, strengthen thyself, and mark, and see what thou doest: for at the return of the year the king of Syria will come up against thee. <span class="ver">23</span>And the servants of the king of Syria said unto him, Their gods are gods of the hills; therefore they were stronger than we; but let us fight against them in the plain, and surely we shall be stronger than they. <span class="ver">24</span>And do this thing, Take the kings away, every man out of his M
place, and put captains in their rooms: <span class="ver">25</span>And number thee an army, like the army that thou hast lost, horse for horse, and chariot for chariot: and we will fight against them in the plain, and surely we shall be stronger than they. And he hearkened unto their voice, and did so. <span class="ver">26</span>And it came to pass at the return of the year, that Ben-hadad numbered the Syrians, and went up to Aphek, to fight against Israel. <span class="ver">27</span>And the children of Israel wereM
numbered, and were all present, and went against them: and the children of Israel pitched before them like two little flocks of kids; but the Syrians filled the country. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>And there came a man of God, and spake unto the king of Israel, and said, Thus saith the LORD, Because the Syrians have said, The LORD is God of the hills, but he is not God of the valleys, therefore will I deliver all this great multitude into thine hand, and ye shall know that I am the LORD. <span class="ver"M
>29</span>And they pitched one over against the other seven days. And so it was, that in the seventh day the battle was joined: and the children of Israel slew of the Syrians an hundred thousand footmen in one day. <span class="ver">30</span>But the rest fled to Aphek, into the city; and there a wall fell upon twenty and seven thousand of the men that were left. And Ben-hadad fled, and came into the city, into an inner chamber. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>And his servants said unto him, Behold now, we haveM
heard that the kings of the house of Israel are merciful kings: let us, I pray thee, put sackcloth on our loins, and ropes upon our heads, and go out to the king of Israel: peradventure he will save thy life. <span class="ver">32</span>So they girded sackcloth on their loins, and put ropes on their heads, and came to the king of Israel, and said, Thy servant Ben-hadad saith, I pray thee, let me live. And he said, Is he yet alive? he is my brother. <span class="ver">33</span>Now the men did diligently observe whethM
er any thing would come from him, and did hastily catch it: and they said, Thy brother Ben-hadad. Then he said, Go ye, bring him. Then Ben-hadad came forth to him; and he caused him to come up into the chariot. <span class="ver">34</span>And Ben-hadad said unto him, The cities, which my father took from thy father, I will restore; and thou shalt make streets for thee in Damascus, as my father made in Samaria. Then said Ahab, I will send thee away with this covenant. So he made a covenant with him, and sent him awayM
<p><span class="ver">35</span>And a certain man of the sons of the prophets said unto his neighbour in the word of the LORD, Smite me, I pray thee. And the man refused to smite him. <span class="ver">36</span>Then said he unto him, Because thou hast not obeyed the voice of the LORD, behold, as soon as thou art departed from me, a lion shall slay thee. And as soon as he was departed from him, a lion found him, and slew him. <span class="ver">37</span>Then he found another man, and said, Smite me, I pray theM
e. And the man smote him, so that in smiting he wounded him. <span class="ver">38</span>So the prophet departed, and waited for the king by the way, and disguised himself with ashes upon his face. <span class="ver">39</span>And as the king passed by, he cried unto the king: and he said, Thy servant went out into the midst of the battle; and, behold, a man turned aside, and brought a man unto me, and said, Keep this man: if by any means he be missing, then shall thy life be for his life, or else thou shalt pay a talM
ent of silver. <span class="ver">40</span>And as thy servant was busy here and there, he was gone. And the king of Israel said unto him, So shall thy judgment be; thyself hast decided it. <span class="ver">41</span>And he hasted, and took the ashes away from his face; and the king of Israel discerned him that he was of the prophets. <span class="ver">42</span>And he said unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Because thou hast let go out of thy hand a man whom I appointed to utter destruction, therefore thy life shall go fM
or his life, and thy people for his people. <span class="ver">43</span>And the king of Israel went to his house heavy and displeased, and came to Samaria.
<h2 id="c21">Chapter 21</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass after these things, that Naboth the Jezreelite had a vineyard, which was in Jezreel, hard by the palace of Ahab king of Samaria. <span class="ver">2</span>And Ahab spake unto Naboth, saying, Give me thy vineyard, that I may have it for a garden of herbs, because it is near unto myM
house: and I will give thee for it a better vineyard than it; or, if it seem good to thee, I will give thee the worth of it in money. <span class="ver">3</span>And Naboth said to Ahab, The LORD forbid it me, that I should give the inheritance of my fathers unto thee. <span class="ver">4</span>And Ahab came into his house heavy and displeased because of the word which Naboth the Jezreelite had spoken to him: for he had said, I will not give thee the inheritance of my fathers. And he laid him down upon his bed, and M
turned away his face, and would eat no bread. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>But Jezebel his wife came to him, and said unto him, Why is thy spirit so sad, that thou eatest no bread? <span class="ver">6</span>And he said unto her, Because I spake unto Naboth the Jezreelite, and said unto him, Give me thy vineyard for money; or else, if it please thee, I will give thee another vineyard for it: and he answered, I will not give thee my vineyard. <span class="ver">7</span>And Jezebel his wife said unto him, Dost tM
hou now govern the kingdom of Israel? arise, and eat bread, and let thine heart be merry: I will give thee the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite. <span class="ver">8</span>So she wrote letters in Ahab
s name, and sealed them with his seal, and sent the letters unto the elders and to the nobles that were in his city, dwelling with Naboth. <span class="ver">9</span>And she wrote in the letters, saying, Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people: <span class="ver">10</span>And set two men, sons of BeliM
al, before him, to bear witness against him, saying, Thou didst blaspheme God and the king. And then carry him out, and stone him, that he may die. <span class="ver">11</span>And the men of his city, even the elders and the nobles who were the inhabitants in his city, did as Jezebel had sent unto them, and as it was written in the letters which she had sent unto them. <span class="ver">12</span>They proclaimed a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people. <span class="ver">13</span>And there came in two men, chiM
ldren of Belial, and sat before him: and the men of Belial witnessed against him, even against Naboth, in the presence of the people, saying, Naboth did blaspheme God and the king. Then they carried him forth out of the city, and stoned him with stones, that he died. <span class="ver">14</span>Then they sent to Jezebel, saying, Naboth is stoned, and is dead. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And it came to pass, when Jezebel heard that Naboth was stoned, and was dead, that Jezebel said to Ahab, Arise, take posseM
ssion of the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, which he refused to give thee for money: for Naboth is not alive, but dead. <span class="ver">16</span>And it came to pass, when Ahab heard that Naboth was dead, that Ahab rose up to go down to the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, to take possession of it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And the word of the LORD came to Elijah the Tishbite, saying, <span class="ver">18</span>Arise, go down to meet Ahab king of Israel, which is in Samaria: behold, he is in the vM
ineyard of Naboth, whither he is gone down to possess it. <span class="ver">19</span>And thou shalt speak unto him, saying, Thus saith the LORD, Hast thou killed, and also taken possession? And thou shalt speak unto him, saying, Thus saith the LORD, In the place where dogs licked the blood of Naboth shall dogs lick thy blood, even thine. <span class="ver">20</span>And Ahab said to Elijah, Hast thou found me, O mine enemy? And he answered, I have found thee: because thou hast sold thyself to work evil in the sight oM
f the LORD. <span class="ver">21</span>Behold, I will bring evil upon thee, and will take away thy posterity, and will cut off from Ahab him that pisseth against the wall, and him that is shut up and left in Israel, <span class="ver">22</span>And will make thine house like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and like the house of Baasha the son of Ahijah, for the provocation wherewith thou hast provoked me to anger, and made Israel to sin. <span class="ver">23</span>And of Jezebel also spake the LORD, saying, TM
he dogs shall eat Jezebel by the wall of Jezreel. <span class="ver">24</span>Him that dieth of Ahab in the city the dogs shall eat; and him that dieth in the field shall the fowls of the air eat. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>But there was none like unto Ahab, which did sell himself to work wickedness in the sight of the LORD, whom Jezebel his wife stirred up. <span class="ver">26</span>And he did very abominably in following idols, according to all things as did the Amorites, whom the LORD cast out before tM
he children of Israel. <span class="ver">27</span>And it came to pass, when Ahab heard those words, that he rent his clothes, and put sackcloth upon his flesh, and fasted, and lay in sackcloth, and went softly. <span class="ver">28</span>And the word of the LORD came to Elijah the Tishbite, saying, <span class="ver">29</span>Seest thou how Ahab humbleth himself before me? because he humbleth himself before me, I will not bring the evil in his days: but in his son
s days will I bring the evil upon his house.
2 id="c22">Chapter 22</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And they continued three years without war between Syria and Israel. <span class="ver">2</span>And it came to pass in the third year, that Jehoshaphat the king of Judah came down to the king of Israel. <span class="ver">3</span>And the king of Israel said unto his servants, Know ye that Ramoth in Gilead is ours, and we be still, and take it not out of the hand of the king of Syria? <span class="ver">4</span>And he said unto Jehoshaphat, Wilt thou go with meM
to battle to Ramoth-gilead? And Jehoshaphat said to the king of Israel, I am as thou art, my people as thy people, my horses as thy horses. <span class="ver">5</span>And Jehoshaphat said unto the king of Israel, Enquire, I pray thee, at the word of the LORD to day. <span class="ver">6</span>Then the king of Israel gathered the prophets together, about four hundred men, and said unto them, Shall I go against Ramoth-gilead to battle, or shall I forbear? And they said, Go up; for the Lord shall deliver it into the haM
nd of the king. <span class="ver">7</span>And Jehoshaphat said, Is there not here a prophet of the LORD besides, that we might enquire of him? <span class="ver">8</span>And the king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat, There is yet one man, Micaiah the son of Imlah, by whom we may enquire of the LORD: but I hate him; for he doth not prophesy good concerning me, but evil. And Jehoshaphat said, Let not the king say so. <span class="ver">9</span>Then the king of Israel called an officer, and said, Hasten hither Micaiah thM
e son of Imlah. <span class="ver">10</span>And the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat the king of Judah sat each on his throne, having put on their robes, in a void place in the entrance of the gate of Samaria; and all the prophets prophesied before them. <span class="ver">11</span>And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made him horns of iron: and he said, Thus saith the LORD, With these shalt thou push the Syrians, until thou have consumed them. <span class="ver">12</span>And all the prophets prophesied so, saying, Go up tM
o Ramoth-gilead, and prosper: for the LORD shall deliver it into the king
s hand. <span class="ver">13</span>And the messenger that was gone to call Micaiah spake unto him, saying, Behold now, the words of the prophets declare good unto the king with one mouth: let thy word, I pray thee, be like the word of one of them, and speak that which is good. <span class="ver">14</span>And Micaiah said, As the LORD liveth, what the LORD saith unto me, that will I speak. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>So he came to thM
e king. And the king said unto him, Micaiah, shall we go against Ramoth-gilead to battle, or shall we forbear? And he answered him, Go, and prosper: for the LORD shall deliver it into the hand of the king. <span class="ver">16</span>And the king said unto him, How many times shall I adjure thee that thou tell me nothing but that which is true in the name of the LORD? <span class="ver">17</span>And he said, I saw all Israel scattered upon the hills, as sheep that have not a shepherd: and the LORD said, These have noM
master: let them return every man to his house in peace. <span class="ver">18</span>And the king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat, Did I not tell thee that he would prophesy no good concerning me, but evil? <span class="ver">19</span>And he said, Hear thou therefore the word of the LORD: I saw the LORD sitting on his throne, and all the host of heaven standing by him on his right hand and on his left. <span class="ver">20</span>And the LORD said, Who shall persuade Ahab, that he may go up and fall at Ramoth-gilead?M
And one said on this manner, and another said on that manner. <span class="ver">21</span>And there came forth a spirit, and stood before the LORD, and said, I will persuade him. <span class="ver">22</span>And the LORD said unto him, Wherewith? And he said, I will go forth, and I will be a lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets. And he said, Thou shalt persuade him, and prevail also: go forth, and do so. <span class="ver">23</span>Now therefore, behold, the LORD hath put a lying spirit in the mouth of all thM
ese thy prophets, and the LORD hath spoken evil concerning thee. <span class="ver">24</span>But Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah went near, and smote Micaiah on the cheek, and said, Which way went the Spirit of the LORD from me to speak unto thee? <span class="ver">25</span>And Micaiah said, Behold, thou shalt see in that day, when thou shalt go into an inner chamber to hide thyself. <span class="ver">26</span>And the king of Israel said, Take Micaiah, and carry him back unto Amon the governor of the city, and to JoasM
s son; <span class="ver">27</span>And say, Thus saith the king, Put this fellow in the prison, and feed him with bread of affliction and with water of affliction, until I come in peace. <span class="ver">28</span>And Micaiah said, If thou return at all in peace, the LORD hath not spoken by me. And he said, Hearken, O people, every one of you. <span class="ver">29</span>So the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat the king of Judah went up to Ramoth-gilead. <span class="ver">30</span>And the king of Israel saiM
d unto Jehoshaphat, I will disguise myself, and enter into the battle; but put thou on thy robes. And the king of Israel disguised himself, and went into the battle. <span class="ver">31</span>But the king of Syria commanded his thirty and two captains that had rule over his chariots, saying, Fight neither with small nor great, save only with the king of Israel. <span class="ver">32</span>And it came to pass, when the captains of the chariots saw Jehoshaphat, that they said, Surely it is the king of Israel. And theM
y turned aside to fight against him: and Jehoshaphat cried out. <span class="ver">33</span>And it came to pass, when the captains of the chariots perceived that it was not the king of Israel, that they turned back from pursuing him. <span class="ver">34</span>And a certain man drew a bow at a venture, and smote the king of Israel between the joints of the harness: wherefore he said unto the driver of his chariot, Turn thine hand, and carry me out of the host; for I am wounded. <span class="ver">35</span>And the batM
tle increased that day: and the king was stayed up in his chariot against the Syrians, and died at even: and the blood ran out of the wound into the midst of the chariot. <span class="ver">36</span>And there went a proclamation throughout the host about the going down of the sun, saying, Every man to his city, and every man to his own country. </p>
<p><span class="ver">37</span>So the king died, and was brought to Samaria; and they buried the king in Samaria. <span class="ver">38</span>And one washed the chariot M
in the pool of Samaria; and the dogs licked up his blood; and they washed his armour; according unto the word of the LORD which he spake. <span class="ver">39</span>Now the rest of the acts of Ahab, and all that he did, and the ivory house which he made, and all the cities that he built, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? <span class="ver">40</span>So Ahab slept with his fathers; and Ahaziah his son reigned in his stead. </p>
<p><span class="ver">41</span>And Jehoshaphat thM
e son of Asa began to reign over Judah in the fourth year of Ahab king of Israel. <span class="ver">42</span>Jehoshaphat was thirty and five years old when he began to reign; and he reigned twenty and five years in Jerusalem. And his mother
s name was Azubah the daughter of Shilhi. <span class="ver">43</span>And he walked in all the ways of Asa his father; he turned not aside from it, doing that which was right in the eyes of the LORD: nevertheless the high places were not taken away; for the people offered and bM
urnt incense yet in the high places. <span class="ver">44</span>And Jehoshaphat made peace with the king of Israel. <span class="ver">45</span>Now the rest of the acts of Jehoshaphat, and his might that he shewed, and how he warred, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? <span class="ver">46</span>And the remnant of the sodomites, which remained in the days of his father Asa, he took out of the land. <span class="ver">47</span>There was then no king in Edom: a deputy was king. <spM
an class="ver">48</span>Jehoshaphat made ships of Tharshish to go to Ophir for gold: but they went not; for the ships were broken at Ezion-geber. <span class="ver">49</span>Then said Ahaziah the son of Ahab unto Jehoshaphat, Let my servants go with thy servants in the ships. But Jehoshaphat would not. </p>
<p><span class="ver">50</span>And Jehoshaphat slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in the city of David his father: and Jehoram his son reigned in his stead. </p>
<p><span class="ver">51</sM
pan>Ahaziah the son of Ahab began to reign over Israel in Samaria the seventeenth year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, and reigned two years over Israel. <span class="ver">52</span>And he did evil in the sight of the LORD, and walked in the way of his father, and in the way of his mother, and in the way of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin: <span class="ver">53</span>For he served Baal, and worshipped him, and provoked to anger the LORD God of Israel, according to all that his father had done. </p>
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<title>CHRONICLES</title>
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<span>THE SECOND BOOK OF THE</span>
<div class="content-table">
<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="#c10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="#c11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="#c12">12</a></li>
<li><a href="#c13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="#c14">14</a></li>
<li><a href="#c15">15</a></li>
ef="#c16">16</a></li>
<li><a href="#c17">17</a></li>
<li><a href="#c18">18</a></li>
<li><a href="#c19">19</a></li>
<li><a href="#c20">20</a></li>
<li><a href="#c21">21</a></li>
<li><a href="#c22">22</a></li>
<li><a href="#c23">23</a></li>
<li><a href="#c24">24</a></li>
<li><a href="#c25">25</a></li>
<li><a href="#c26">26</a></li>
<li><a href="#c27">27</a></li>
<li><a href="#c28">28</a></li>
<li><a href="#c29">29</a></li>
<li><a href="#c30">30</a>M
<li><a href="#c31">31</a></li>
<li><a href="#c32">32</a></li>
<li><a href="#c33">33</a></li>
<li><a href="#c34">34</a></li>
<li><a href="#c35">35</a></li>
<li><a href="#c36">36</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Solomon the son of David was strengthened in his kingdom, and the LORD his God was with him, and magnified him exceedingly. <span class="ver">2</span>Then Solomon spake unto all Israel, to the captains of thousanM
ds and of hundreds, and to the judges, and to every governor in all Israel, the chief of the fathers. <span class="ver">3</span>So Solomon, and all the congregation with him, went to the high place that was at Gibeon; for there was the tabernacle of the congregation of God, which Moses the servant of the LORD had made in the wilderness. <span class="ver">4</span>But the ark of God had David brought up from Kirjath-jearim to the place which David had prepared for it: for he had pitched a tent for it at Jerusalem. <sM
pan class="ver">5</span>Moreover the brasen altar, that Bezaleel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, had made, he put before the tabernacle of the LORD: and Solomon and the congregation sought unto it. <span class="ver">6</span>And Solomon went up thither to the brasen altar before the LORD, which was at the tabernacle of the congregation, and offered a thousand burnt offerings upon it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>In that night did God appear unto Solomon, and said unto him, Ask what I shall give thee. <span clM
ass="ver">8</span>And Solomon said unto God, Thou hast shewed great mercy unto David my father, and hast made me to reign in his stead. <span class="ver">9</span>Now, O LORD God, let thy promise unto David my father be established: for thou hast made me king over a people like the dust of the earth in multitude. <span class="ver">10</span>Give me now wisdom and knowledge, that I may go out and come in before this people: for who can judge this thy people, that is so great? <span class="ver">11</span>And God said toM
Solomon, Because this was in thine heart, and thou hast not asked riches, wealth, or honour, nor the life of thine enemies, neither yet hast asked long life; but hast asked wisdom and knowledge for thyself, that thou mayest judge my people, over whom I have made thee king: <span class="ver">12</span>Wisdom and knowledge is granted unto thee; and I will give thee riches, and wealth, and honour, such as none of the kings have had that have been before thee, neither shall there any after thee have the like. </p>
><span class="ver">13</span>Then Solomon came from his journey to the high place that was at Gibeon to Jerusalem, from before the tabernacle of the congregation, and reigned over Israel. <span class="ver">14</span>And Solomon gathered chariots and horsemen: and he had a thousand and four hundred chariots, and twelve thousand horsemen, which he placed in the chariot cities, and with the king at Jerusalem. <span class="ver">15</span>And the king made silver and gold at Jerusalem as plenteous as stones, and cedar treeM
s made he as the sycomore trees that are in the vale for abundance. <span class="ver">16</span>And Solomon had horses brought out of Egypt, and linen yarn: the king
s merchants received the linen yarn at a price. <span class="ver">17</span>And they fetched up, and brought forth out of Egypt a chariot for six hundred shekels of silver, and an horse for an hundred and fifty: and so brought they out horses for all the kings of the Hittites, and for the kings of Syria, by their means.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Solomon determined to build an house for the name of the LORD, and an house for his kingdom. <span class="ver">2</span>And Solomon told out threescore and ten thousand men to bear burdens, and fourscore thousand to hew in the mountain, and three thousand and six hundred to oversee them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And Solomon sent to Huram the king of Tyre, saying, As thou didst deal with David my father, and didst send him cedars to build him an house to dwell therein, eveM
n so deal with me. <span class="ver">4</span>Behold, I build an house to the name of the LORD my God, to dedicate it to him, and to burn before him sweet incense, and for the continual shewbread, and for the burnt offerings morning and evening, on the sabbaths, and on the new moons, and on the solemn feasts of the LORD our God. This is an ordinance for ever to Israel. <span class="ver">5</span>And the house which I build is great: for great is our God above all gods. <span class="ver">6</span>But who is able to buiM
ld him an house, seeing the heaven and heaven of heavens cannot contain him? who am I then, that I should build him an house, save only to burn sacrifice before him? <span class="ver">7</span>Send me now therefore a man cunning to work in gold, and in silver, and in brass, and in iron, and in purple, and crimson, and blue, and that can skill to grave with the cunning men that are with me in Judah and in Jerusalem, whom David my father did provide. <span class="ver">8</span>Send me also cedar trees, fir trees, and aM
lgum trees, out of Lebanon: for I know that thy servants can skill to cut timber in Lebanon; and, behold, my servants shall be with thy servants, <span class="ver">9</span>Even to prepare me timber in abundance: for the house which I am about to build shall be wonderful great. <span class="ver">10</span>And, behold, I will give to thy servants, the hewers that cut timber, twenty thousand measures of beaten wheat, and twenty thousand measures of barley, and twenty thousand baths of wine, and twenty thousand baths ofM
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Then Huram the king of Tyre answered in writing, which he sent to Solomon, Because the LORD hath loved his people, he hath made thee king over them. <span class="ver">12</span>Huram said moreover, Blessed be the LORD God of Israel, that made heaven and earth, who hath given to David the king a wise son, endued with prudence and understanding, that might build an house for the LORD, and an house for his kingdom. <span class="ver">13</span>And now I have sent a cunning man, M
endued with understanding, of Huram my father
s, <span class="ver">14</span>The son of a woman of the daughters of Dan, and his father was a man of Tyre, skilful to work in gold, and in silver, in brass, in iron, in stone, and in timber, in purple, in blue, and in fine linen, and in crimson; also to grave any manner of graving, and to find out every device which shall be put to him, with thy cunning men, and with the cunning men of my lord David thy father. <span class="ver">15</span>Now therefore the wheat, and M
the barley, the oil, and the wine, which my lord hath spoken of, let him send unto his servants: <span class="ver">16</span>And we will cut wood out of Lebanon, as much as thou shalt need: and we will bring it to thee in floats by sea to Joppa; and thou shalt carry it up to Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And Solomon numbered all the strangers that were in the land of Israel, after the numbering wherewith David his father had numbered them; and they were found an hundred and fifty thousand and threeM
thousand and six hundred. <span class="ver">18</span>And he set threescore and ten thousand of them to be bearers of burdens, and fourscore thousand to be hewers in the mountain, and three thousand and six hundred overseers to set the people a work.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then Solomon began to build the house of the LORD at Jerusalem in mount Moriah, where the Lord appeared unto David his father, in the place that David had prepared in the threshingfloor of Ornan the JebusiteM
. <span class="ver">2</span>And he began to build in the second day of the second month, in the fourth year of his reign. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Now these are the things wherein Solomon was instructed for the building of the house of God. The length by cubits after the first measure was threescore cubits, and the breadth twenty cubits. <span class="ver">4</span>And the porch that was in the front of the house, the length of it was according to the breadth of the house, twenty cubits, and the height wasM
an hundred and twenty: and he overlaid it within with pure gold. <span class="ver">5</span>And the greater house he cieled with fir tree, which he overlaid with fine gold, and set thereon palm trees and chains. <span class="ver">6</span>And he garnished the house with precious stones for beauty: and the gold was gold of Parvaim. <span class="ver">7</span>He overlaid also the house, the beams, the posts, and the walls thereof, and the doors thereof, with gold; and graved cherubims on the walls. <span class="ver">8<M
/span>And he made the most holy house, the length whereof was according to the breadth of the house, twenty cubits, and the breadth thereof twenty cubits: and he overlaid it with fine gold, amounting to six hundred talents. <span class="ver">9</span>And the weight of the nails was fifty shekels of gold. And he overlaid the upper chambers with gold. <span class="ver">10</span>And in the most holy house he made two cherubims of image work, and overlaid them with gold. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And the wingM
s of the cherubims were twenty cubits long: one wing of the one cherub was five cubits, reaching to the wall of the house: and the other wing was likewise five cubits, reaching to the wing of the other cherub. <span class="ver">12</span>And one wing of the other cherub was five cubits, reaching to the wall of the house: and the other wing was five cubits also, joining to the wing of the other cherub. <span class="ver">13</span>The wings of these cherubims spread themselves forth twenty cubits: and they stood on theM
ir feet, and their faces were inward. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And he made the vail of blue, and purple, and crimson, and fine linen, and wrought cherubims thereon. <span class="ver">15</span>Also he made before the house two pillars of thirty and five cubits high, and the chapiter that was on the top of each of them was five cubits. <span class="ver">16</span>And he made chains, as in the oracle, and put them on the heads of the pillars; and made an hundred pomegranates, and put them on the chains. <spM
an class="ver">17</span>And he reared up the pillars before the temple, one on the right hand, and the other on the left; and called the name of that on the right hand Jachin, and the name of that on the left Boaz.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Moreover he made an altar of brass, twenty cubits the length thereof, and twenty cubits the breadth thereof, and ten cubits the height thereof. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Also he made a molten sea of ten cubits from brim to brim, rounM
d in compass, and five cubits the height thereof; and a line of thirty cubits did compass it round about. <span class="ver">3</span>And under it was the similitude of oxen, which did compass it round about: ten in a cubit, compassing the sea round about. Two rows of oxen were cast, when it was cast. <span class="ver">4</span>It stood upon twelve oxen, three looking toward the north, and three looking toward the west, and three looking toward the south, and three looking toward the east: and the sea was set above upM
on them, and all their hinder parts were inward. <span class="ver">5</span>And the thickness of it was an handbreadth, and the brim of it like the work of the brim of a cup, with flowers of lilies; and it received and held three thousand baths. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>He made also ten lavers, and put five on the right hand, and five on the left, to wash in them: such things as they offered for the burnt offering they washed in them; but the sea was for the priests to wash in. <span class="ver">7</span>AM
nd he made ten candlesticks of gold according to their form, and set them in the temple, five on the right hand, and five on the left. <span class="ver">8</span>He made also ten tables, and placed them in the temple, five on the right side, and five on the left. And he made an hundred basons of gold. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Furthermore he made the court of the priests, and the great court, and doors for the court, and overlaid the doors of them with brass. <span class="ver">10</span>And he set the sea oM
n the right side of the east end, over against the south. <span class="ver">11</span>And Huram made the pots, and the shovels, and the basons. And Huram finished the work that he was to make for king Solomon for the house of God; <span class="ver">12</span>To wit, the two pillars, and the pommels, and the chapiters which were on the top of the two pillars, and the two wreaths to cover the two pommels of the chapiters which were on the top of the pillars; <span class="ver">13</span>And four hundred pomegranates on tM
he two wreaths; two rows of pomegranates on each wreath, to cover the two pommels of the chapiters which were upon the pillars. <span class="ver">14</span>He made also bases, and lavers made he upon the bases; <span class="ver">15</span>One sea, and twelve oxen under it. <span class="ver">16</span>The pots also, and the shovels, and the fleshhooks, and all their instruments, did Huram his father make to king Solomon for the house of the LORD of bright brass. <span class="ver">17</span>In the plain of Jordan did theM
king cast them, in the clay ground between Succoth and Zeredathah. <span class="ver">18</span>Thus Solomon made all these vessels in great abundance: for the weight of the brass could not be found out. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And Solomon made all the vessels that were for the house of God, the golden altar also, and the tables whereon the shewbread was set; <span class="ver">20</span>Moreover the candlesticks with their lamps, that they should burn after the manner before the oracle, of pure gold; <spM
an class="ver">21</span>And the flowers, and the lamps, and the tongs, made he of gold, and that perfect gold; <span class="ver">22</span>And the snuffers, and the basons, and the spoons, and the censers, of pure gold: and the entry of the house, the inner doors thereof for the most holy place, and the doors of the house of the temple, were of gold.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Thus all the work that Solomon made for the house of the LORD was finished: and Solomon brought in all theM
things that David his father had dedicated; and the silver, and the gold, and all the instruments, put he among the treasures of the house of God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Then Solomon assembled the elders of Israel, and all the heads of the tribes, the chief of the fathers of the children of Israel, unto Jerusalem, to bring up the ark of the covenant of the LORD out of the city of David, which is Zion. <span class="ver">3</span>Wherefore all the men of Israel assembled themselves unto the king in the fM
east which was in the seventh month. <span class="ver">4</span>And all the elders of Israel came; and the Levites took up the ark. <span class="ver">5</span>And they brought up the ark, and the tabernacle of the congregation, and all the holy vessels that were in the tabernacle, these did the priests and the Levites bring up. <span class="ver">6</span>Also king Solomon, and all the congregation of Israel that were assembled unto him before the ark, sacrificed sheep and oxen, which could not be told nor numbered forM
multitude. <span class="ver">7</span>And the priests brought in the ark of the covenant of the LORD unto his place, to the oracle of the house, into the most holy place, even under the wings of the cherubims: <span class="ver">8</span>For the cherubims spread forth their wings over the place of the ark, and the cherubims covered the ark and the staves thereof above. <span class="ver">9</span>And they drew out the staves of the ark, that the ends of the staves were seen from the ark before the oracle; but they wereM
not seen without. And there it is unto this day. <span class="ver">10</span>There was nothing in the ark save the two tables which Moses put therein at Horeb, when the LORD made a covenant with the children of Israel, when they came out of Egypt. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And it came to pass, when the priests were come out of the holy place: (for all the priests that were present were sanctified, and did not then wait by course: <span class="ver">12</span>Also the Levites which were the singers, all of M
them of Asaph, of Heman, of Jeduthun, with their sons and their brethren, being arrayed in white linen, having cymbals and psalteries and harps, stood at the east end of the altar, and with them an hundred and twenty priests sounding with trumpets:) <span class="ver">13</span>It came even to pass, as the trumpeters and singers were as one, to make one sound to be heard in praising and thanking the LORD; and when they lifted up their voice with the trumpets and cymbals and instruments of musick, and praised the LORDM
, saying, For he is good; for his mercy endureth for ever: that then the house was filled with a cloud, even the house of the LORD; <span class="ver">14</span>So that the priests could not stand to minister by reason of the cloud: for the glory of the LORD had filled the house of God.
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then said Solomon, The LORD hath said that he would dwell in the thick darkness. <span class="ver">2</span>But I have built an house of habitation for thee, and a place forM
thy dwelling for ever. <span class="ver">3</span>And the king turned his face, and blessed the whole congregation of Israel: and all the congregation of Israel stood. <span class="ver">4</span>And he said, Blessed be the LORD God of Israel, who hath with his hands fulfilled that which he spake with his mouth to my father David, saying, <span class="ver">5</span>Since the day that I brought forth my people out of the land of Egypt I chose no city among all the tribes of Israel to build an house in, that my name migM
ht be there; neither chose I any man to be a ruler over my people Israel: <span class="ver">6</span>But I have chosen Jerusalem, that my name might be there; and have chosen David to be over my people Israel. <span class="ver">7</span>Now it was in the heart of David my father to build an house for the name of the LORD God of Israel. <span class="ver">8</span>But the LORD said to David my father, Forasmuch as it was in thine heart to build an house for my name, thou didst well in that it was in thine heart: <span cM
lass="ver">9</span>Notwithstanding thou shalt not build the house; but thy son which shall come forth out of thy loins, he shall build the house for my name. <span class="ver">10</span>The LORD therefore hath performed his word that he hath spoken: for I am risen up in the room of David my father, and am set on the throne of Israel, as the LORD promised, and have built the house for the name of the LORD God of Israel. <span class="ver">11</span>And in it have I put the ark, wherein is the covenant of the LORD, thatM
he made with the children of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And he stood before the altar of the LORD in the presence of all the congregation of Israel, and spread forth his hands: <span class="ver">13</span>For Solomon had made a brasen scaffold, of five cubits long, and five cubits broad, and three cubits high, and had set it in the midst of the court: and upon it he stood, and kneeled down upon his knees before all the congregation of Israel, and spread forth his hands toward heaven, <span class="M
ver">14</span>And said, O LORD God of Israel, there is no God like thee in the heaven, nor in the earth; which keepest covenant, and shewest mercy unto thy servants, that walk before thee with all their hearts: <span class="ver">15</span>Thou which hast kept with thy servant David my father that which thou hast promised him; and spakest with thy mouth, and hast fulfilled it with thine hand, as it is this day. <span class="ver">16</span>Now therefore, O LORD God of Israel, keep with thy servant David my father that M
which thou hast promised him, saying, There shall not fail thee a man in my sight to sit upon the throne of Israel; yet so that thy children take heed to their way to walk in my law, as thou hast walked before me. <span class="ver">17</span>Now then, O LORD God of Israel, let thy word be verified, which thou hast spoken unto thy servant David. <span class="ver">18</span>But will God in very deed dwell with men on the earth? behold, heaven and the heaven of heavens cannot contain thee; how much less this house whichM
I have built! <span class="ver">19</span>Have respect therefore to the prayer of thy servant, and to his supplication, O LORD my God, to hearken unto the cry and the prayer which thy servant prayeth before thee: <span class="ver">20</span>That thine eyes may be open upon this house day and night, upon the place whereof thou hast said that thou wouldest put thy name there; to hearken unto the prayer which thy servant prayeth toward this place. <span class="ver">21</span>Hearken therefore unto the supplications of tM
hy servant, and of thy people Israel, which they shall make toward this place: hear thou from thy dwelling place, even from heaven; and when thou hearest, forgive. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>If a man sin against his neighbour, and an oath be laid upon him to make him swear, and the oath come before thine altar in this house; <span class="ver">23</span>Then hear thou from heaven, and do, and judge thy servants, by requiting the wicked, by recompensing his way upon his own head; and by justifying the righteM
ous, by giving him according to his righteousness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And if thy people Israel be put to the worse before the enemy, because they have sinned against thee; and shall return and confess thy name, and pray and make supplication before thee in this house; <span class="ver">25</span>Then hear thou from the heavens, and forgive the sin of thy people Israel, and bring them again unto the land which thou gavest to them and to their fathers. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>When the heM
aven is shut up, and there is no rain, because they have sinned against thee; yet if they pray toward this place, and confess thy name, and turn from their sin, when thou dost afflict them; <span class="ver">27</span>Then hear thou from heaven, and forgive the sin of thy servants, and of thy people Israel, when thou hast taught them the good way, wherein they should walk; and send rain upon thy land, which thou hast given unto thy people for an inheritance. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>If there be dearth inM
the land, if there be pestilence, if there be blasting, or mildew, locusts, or caterpillers; if their enemies besiege them in the cities of their land; whatsoever sore or whatsoever sickness there be: <span class="ver">29</span>Then what prayer or what supplication soever shall be made of any man, or of all thy people Israel, when every one shall know his own sore and his own grief, and shall spread forth his hands in this house: <span class="ver">30</span>Then hear thou from heaven thy dwelling place, and forgiveM
, and render unto every man according unto all his ways, whose heart thou knowest; (for thou only knowest the hearts of the children of men:) <span class="ver">31</span>That they may fear thee, to walk in thy ways, so long as they live in the land which thou gavest unto our fathers. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>Moreover concerning the stranger, which is not of thy people Israel, but is come from a far country for thy great name
s sake, and thy mighty hand, and thy stretched out arm; if they come and pray M
in this house; <span class="ver">33</span>Then hear thou from the heavens, even from thy dwelling place, and do according to all that the stranger calleth to thee for; that all people of the earth may know thy name, and fear thee, as doth thy people Israel, and may know that this house which I have built is called by thy name. <span class="ver">34</span>If thy people go out to war against their enemies by the way that thou shalt send them, and they pray unto thee toward this city which thou hast chosen, and the houM
se which I have built for thy name; <span class="ver">35</span>Then hear thou from the heavens their prayer and their supplication, and maintain their cause. <span class="ver">36</span>If they sin against thee, (for there is no man which sinneth not,) and thou be angry with them, and deliver them over before their enemies, and they carry them away captives unto a land far off or near; <span class="ver">37</span>Yet if they bethink themselves in the land whither they are carried captive, and turn and pray unto thee M
in the land of their captivity, saying, We have sinned, we have done amiss, and have dealt wickedly; <span class="ver">38</span>If they return to thee with all their heart and with all their soul in the land of their captivity, whither they have carried them captives, and pray toward their land, which thou gavest unto their fathers, and toward the city which thou hast chosen, and toward the house which I have built for thy name: <span class="ver">39</span>Then hear thou from the heavens, even from thy dwelling placM
e, their prayer and their supplications, and maintain their cause, and forgive thy people which have sinned against thee. <span class="ver">40</span>Now, my God, let, I beseech thee, thine eyes be open, and let thine ears be attent unto the prayer that is made in this place. <span class="ver">41</span>Now therefore arise, O LORD God, into thy resting place, thou, and the ark of thy strength: let thy priests, O LORD God, be clothed with salvation, and let thy saints rejoice in goodness. <span class="ver">42</span>O M
LORD God, turn not away the face of thine anointed: remember the mercies of David thy servant.
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now when Solomon had made an end of praying, the fire came down from heaven, and consumed the burnt offering and the sacrifices; and the glory of the LORD filled the house. <span class="ver">2</span>And the priests could not enter into the house of the LORD, because the glory of the LORD had filled the LORD
s house. <span class="ver">3</span>And when all the M
children of Israel saw how the fire came down, and the glory of the LORD upon the house, they bowed themselves with their faces to the ground upon the pavement, and worshipped, and praised the LORD, saying, For he is good; for his mercy endureth for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Then the king and all the people offered sacrifices before the LORD. <span class="ver">5</span>And king Solomon offered a sacrifice of twenty and two thousand oxen, and an hundred and twenty thousand sheep: so the king and all tM
he people dedicated the house of God. <span class="ver">6</span>And the priests waited on their offices: the Levites also with instruments of musick of the LORD, which David the king had made to praise the LORD, because his mercy endureth for ever, when David praised by their ministry; and the priests sounded trumpets before them, and all Israel stood. <span class="ver">7</span>Moreover Solomon hallowed the middle of the court that was before the house of the LORD: for there he offered burnt offerings, and the fat M
of the peace offerings, because the brasen altar which Solomon had made was not able to receive the burnt offerings, and the meat offerings, and the fat. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Also at the same time Solomon kept the feast seven days, and all Israel with him, a very great congregation, from the entering in of Hamath unto the river of Egypt. <span class="ver">9</span>And in the eighth day they made a solemn assembly: for they kept the dedication of the altar seven days, and the feast seven days. <span clM
ass="ver">10</span>And on the three and twentieth day of the seventh month he sent the people away into their tents, glad and merry in heart for the goodness that the LORD had shewed unto David, and to Solomon, and to Israel his people. <span class="ver">11</span>Thus Solomon finished the house of the LORD, and the king
s house: and all that came into Solomon
s heart to make in the house of the LORD, and in his own house, he prosperously effected. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And the LORD appeared to SoM
lomon by night, and said unto him, I have heard thy prayer, and have chosen this place to myself for an house of sacrifice. <span class="ver">13</span>If I shut up heaven that there be no rain, or if I command the locusts to devour the land, or if I send pestilence among my people; <span class="ver">14</span>If my people, which are called by my name, shall humble themselves, and pray, and seek my face, and turn from their wicked ways; then will I hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin, and will heal their lanM
d. <span class="ver">15</span>Now mine eyes shall be open, and mine ears attent unto the prayer that is made in this place. <span class="ver">16</span>For now have I chosen and sanctified this house, that my name may be there for ever: and mine eyes and mine heart shall be there perpetually. <span class="ver">17</span>And as for thee, if thou wilt walk before me, as David thy father walked, and do according to all that I have commanded thee, and shalt observe my statutes and my judgments; <span class="ver">18</spanM
>Then will I stablish the throne of thy kingdom, according as I have covenanted with David thy father, saying, There shall not fail thee a man to be ruler in Israel. <span class="ver">19</span>But if ye turn away, and forsake my statutes and my commandments, which I have set before you, and shall go and serve other gods, and worship them; <span class="ver">20</span>Then will I pluck them up by the roots out of my land which I have given them; and this house, which I have sanctified for my name, will I cast out of mM
y sight, and will make it to be a proverb and a byword among all nations. <span class="ver">21</span>And this house, which is high, shall be an astonishment to every one that passeth by it; so that he shall say, Why hath the LORD done thus unto this land, and unto this house? <span class="ver">22</span>And it shall be answered, Because they forsook the LORD God of their fathers, which brought them forth out of the land of Egypt, and laid hold on other gods, and worshipped them, and served them: therefore hath he brM
ought all this evil upon them.
<h2 id="c8">Chapter 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass at the end of twenty years, wherein Solomon had built the house of the LORD, and his own house, <span class="ver">2</span>That the cities which Huram had restored to Solomon, Solomon built them, and caused the children of Israel to dwell there. <span class="ver">3</span>And Solomon went to Hamath-zobah, and prevailed against it. <span class="ver">4</span>And he built Tadmor in the wilderness, and all theM
store cities, which he built in Hamath. <span class="ver">5</span>Also he built Beth-horon the upper, and Beth-horon the nether, fenced cities, with walls, gates, and bars; <span class="ver">6</span>And Baalath, and all the store cities that Solomon had, and all the chariot cities, and the cities of the horsemen, and all that Solomon desired to build in Jerusalem, and in Lebanon, and throughout all the land of his dominion. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>As for all the people that were left of the Hittites, aM
nd the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, which were not of Israel, <span class="ver">8</span>But of their children, who were left after them in the land, whom the children of Israel consumed not, them did Solomon make to pay tribute until this day. <span class="ver">9</span>But of the children of Israel did Solomon make no servants for his work; but they were men of war, and chief of his captains, and captains of his chariots and horsemen. <span class="ver">10</span>And these were thM
e chief of king Solomon
s officers, even two hundred and fifty, that bare rule over the people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And Solomon brought up the daughter of Pharaoh out of the city of David unto the house that he had built for her: for he said, My wife shall not dwell in the house of David king of Israel, because the places are holy, whereunto the ark of the LORD hath come. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Then Solomon offered burnt offerings unto the LORD on the altar of the LORD, which he hadM
built before the porch, <span class="ver">13</span>Even after a certain rate every day, offering according to the commandment of Moses, on the sabbaths, and on the new moons, and on the solemn feasts, three times in the year, even in the feast of unleavened bread, and in the feast of weeks, and in the feast of tabernacles. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And he appointed, according to the order of David his father, the courses of the priests to their service, and the Levites to their charges, to praise and miM
nister before the priests, as the duty of every day required: the porters also by their courses at every gate: for so had David the man of God commanded. <span class="ver">15</span>And they departed not from the commandment of the king unto the priests and Levites concerning any matter, or concerning the treasures. <span class="ver">16</span>Now all the work of Solomon was prepared unto the day of the foundation of the house of the LORD, and until it was finished. So the house of the LORD was perfected. </p>
span class="ver">17</span>Then went Solomon to Ezion-geber, and to Eloth, at the sea side in the land of Edom. <span class="ver">18</span>And Huram sent him by the hands of his servants ships, and servants that had knowledge of the sea; and they went with the servants of Solomon to Ophir, and took thence four hundred and fifty talents of gold, and brought them to king Solomon.
<h2 id="c9">Chapter 9</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And when the queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon, she came to prove SoM
lomon with hard questions at Jerusalem, with a very great company, and camels that bare spices, and gold in abundance, and precious stones: and when she was come to Solomon, she communed with him of all that was in her heart. <span class="ver">2</span>And Solomon told her all her questions: and there was nothing hid from Solomon which he told her not. <span class="ver">3</span>And when the queen of Sheba had seen the wisdom of Solomon, and the house that he had built, <span class="ver">4</span>And the meat of his tM
able, and the sitting of his servants, and the attendance of his ministers, and their apparel; his cupbearers also, and their apparel; and his ascent by which he went up into the house of the LORD; there was no more spirit in her. <span class="ver">5</span>And she said to the king, It was a true report which I heard in mine own land of thine acts, and of thy wisdom: <span class="ver">6</span>Howbeit I believed not their words, until I came, and mine eyes had seen it: and, behold, the one half of the greatness of thM
y wisdom was not told me: for thou exceedest the fame that I heard. <span class="ver">7</span>Happy are thy men, and happy are these thy servants, which stand continually before thee, and hear thy wisdom. <span class="ver">8</span>Blessed be the LORD thy God, which delighted in thee to set thee on his throne, to be king for the LORD thy God: because thy God loved Israel, to establish them for ever, therefore made he thee king over them, to do judgment and justice. <span class="ver">9</span>And she gave the king an M
hundred and twenty talents of gold, and of spices great abundance, and precious stones: neither was there any such spice as the queen of Sheba gave king Solomon. <span class="ver">10</span>And the servants also of Huram, and the servants of Solomon, which brought gold from Ophir, brought algum trees and precious stones. <span class="ver">11</span>And the king made of the algum trees terraces to the house of the LORD, and to the king
s palace, and harps and psalteries for singers: and there were none such seen befM
ore in the land of Judah. <span class="ver">12</span>And king Solomon gave to the queen of Sheba all her desire, whatsoever she asked, beside that which she had brought unto the king. So she turned, and went away to her own land, she and her servants. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Now the weight of gold that came to Solomon in one year was six hundred and threescore and six talents of gold; <span class="ver">14</span>Beside that which chapmen and merchants brought. And all the kings of Arabia and governors oM
f the country brought gold and silver to Solomon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And king Solomon made two hundred targets of beaten gold: six hundred shekels of beaten gold went to one target. <span class="ver">16</span>And three hundred shields made he of beaten gold: three hundred shekels of gold went to one shield. And the king put them in the house of the forest of Lebanon. <span class="ver">17</span>Moreover the king made a great throne of ivory, and overlaid it with pure gold. <span class="ver">18</spaM
n>And there were six steps to the throne, with a footstool of gold, which were fastened to the throne, and stays on each side of the sitting place, and two lions standing by the stays: <span class="ver">19</span>And twelve lions stood there on the one side and on the other upon the six steps. There was not the like made in any kingdom. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And all the drinking vessels of king Solomon were of gold, and all the vessels of the house of the forest of Lebanon were of pure gold: none wereM
of silver; it was not any thing accounted of in the days of Solomon. <span class="ver">21</span>For the king
s ships went to Tarshish with the servants of Huram: every three years once came the ships of Tarshish bringing gold, and silver, ivory, and apes, and peacocks. <span class="ver">22</span>And king Solomon passed all the kings of the earth in riches and wisdom. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And all the kings of the earth sought the presence of Solomon, to hear his wisdom, that God had put in his heaM
rt. <span class="ver">24</span>And they brought every man his present, vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and raiment, harness, and spices, horses, and mules, a rate year by year. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And Solomon had four thousand stalls for horses and chariots, and twelve thousand horsemen; whom he bestowed in the chariot cities, and with the king at Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>And he reigned over all the kings from the river even unto the land of the Philistines, and to thM
e border of Egypt. <span class="ver">27</span>And the king made silver in Jerusalem as stones, and cedar trees made he as the sycomore trees that are in the low plains in abundance. <span class="ver">28</span>And they brought unto Solomon horses out of Egypt, and out of all lands. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>Now the rest of the acts of Solomon, first and last, are they not written in the book of Nathan the prophet, and in the prophecy of Ahijah the Shilonite, and in the visions of Iddo the seer against JerM
oboam the son of Nebat? <span class="ver">30</span>And Solomon reigned in Jerusalem over all Israel forty years. <span class="ver">31</span>And Solomon slept with his fathers, and he was buried in the city of David his father: and Rehoboam his son reigned in his stead.
<h2 id="c10">Chapter 10</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Rehoboam went to Shechem: for to Shechem were all Israel come to make him king. <span class="ver">2</span>And it came to pass, when Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who was in Egypt, whithM
er he had fled from the presence of Solomon the king, heard it, that Jeroboam returned out of Egypt. <span class="ver">3</span>And they sent and called him. So Jeroboam and all Israel came and spake to Rehoboam, saying, <span class="ver">4</span>Thy father made our yoke grievous: now therefore ease thou somewhat the grievous servitude of thy father, and his heavy yoke that he put upon us, and we will serve thee. <span class="ver">5</span>And he said unto them, Come again unto me after three days. And the people depM
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And king Rehoboam took counsel with the old men that had stood before Solomon his father while he yet lived, saying, What counsel give ye me to return answer to this people? <span class="ver">7</span>And they spake unto him, saying, If thou be kind to this people, and please them, and speak good words to them, they will be thy servants for ever. <span class="ver">8</span>But he forsook the counsel which the old men gave him, and took counsel with the young men that were brM
ought up with him, that stood before him. <span class="ver">9</span>And he said unto them, What advice give ye that we may return answer to this people, which have spoken to me, saying, Ease somewhat the yoke that thy father did put upon us? <span class="ver">10</span>And the young men that were brought up with him spake unto him, saying, Thus shalt thou answer the people that spake unto thee, saying, Thy father made our yoke heavy, but make thou it somewhat lighter for us; thus shalt thou say unto them, My little M
finger shall be thicker than my father
s loins. <span class="ver">11</span>For whereas my father put a heavy yoke upon you, I will put more to your yoke: my father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions. <span class="ver">12</span>So Jeroboam and all the people came to Rehoboam on the third day, as the king bade, saying, Come again to me on the third day. <span class="ver">13</span>And the king answered them roughly; and king Rehoboam forsook the counsel of the old men, <span class="ver"M
>14</span>And answered them after the advice of the young men, saying, My father made your yoke heavy, but I will add thereto: my father chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions. <span class="ver">15</span>So the king hearkened not unto the people: for the cause was of God, that the LORD might perform his word, which he spake by the hand of Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam the son of Nebat. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And when all Israel saw that the king would not hearken unto theM
m, the people answered the king, saying, What portion have we in David? and we have none inheritance in the son of Jesse: every man to your tents, O Israel: and now, David, see to thine own house. So all Israel went to their tents. <span class="ver">17</span>But as for the children of Israel that dwelt in the cities of Judah, Rehoboam reigned over them. <span class="ver">18</span>Then king Rehoboam sent Hadoram that was over the tribute; and the children of Israel stoned him with stones, that he died. But king RehoM
boam made speed to get him up to his chariot, to flee to Jerusalem. <span class="ver">19</span>And Israel rebelled against the house of David unto this day.
<h2 id="c11">Chapter 11</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And when Rehoboam was come to Jerusalem, he gathered of the house of Judah and Benjamin an hundred and fourscore thousand chosen men, which were warriors, to fight against Israel, that he might bring the kingdom again to Rehoboam. <span class="ver">2</span>But the word of the LORD came to Shemaiah M
the man of God, saying, <span class="ver">3</span>Speak unto Rehoboam the son of Solomon, king of Judah, and to all Israel in Judah and Benjamin, saying, <span class="ver">4</span>Thus saith the LORD, Ye shall not go up, nor fight against your brethren: return every man to his house: for this thing is done of me. And they obeyed the words of the LORD, and returned from going against Jeroboam. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And Rehoboam dwelt in Jerusalem, and built cities for defence in Judah. <span class="verM
">6</span>He built even Beth-lehem, and Etam, and Tekoa, <span class="ver">7</span>And Beth-zur, and Shoco, and Adullam, <span class="ver">8</span>And Gath, and Mareshah, and Ziph, <span class="ver">9</span>And Adoraim, and Lachish, and Azekah, <span class="ver">10</span>And Zorah, and Aijalon, and Hebron, which are in Judah and in Benjamin fenced cities. <span class="ver">11</span>And he fortified the strong holds, and put captains in them, and store of victual, and of oil and wine. <span class="ver">12</span>And M
in every several city he put shields and spears, and made them exceeding strong, having Judah and Benjamin on his side. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And the priests and the Levites that were in all Israel resorted to him out of all their coasts. <span class="ver">14</span>For the Levites left their suburbs and their possession, and came to Judah and Jerusalem: for Jeroboam and his sons had cast them off from executing the priest
s office unto the LORD: <span class="ver">15</span>And he ordained him priestM
s for the high places, and for the devils, and for the calves which he had made. <span class="ver">16</span>And after them out of all the tribes of Israel such as set their hearts to seek the LORD God of Israel came to Jerusalem, to sacrifice unto the LORD God of their fathers. <span class="ver">17</span>So they strengthened the kingdom of Judah, and made Rehoboam the son of Solomon strong, three years: for three years they walked in the way of David and Solomon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And Rehoboam toM
ok him Mahalath the daughter of Jerimoth the son of David to wife, and Abihail the daughter of Eliab the son of Jesse; <span class="ver">19</span>Which bare him children; Jeush, and Shamariah, and Zaham. <span class="ver">20</span>And after her he took Maachah the daughter of Absalom; which bare him Abijah, and Attai, and Ziza, and Shelomith. <span class="ver">21</span>And Rehoboam loved Maachah the daughter of Absalom above all his wives and his concubines: (for he took eighteen wives, and threescore concubines; aM
nd begat twenty and eight sons, and threescore daughters.) <span class="ver">22</span>And Rehoboam made Abijah the son of Maachah the chief, to be ruler among his brethren: for he thought to make him king. <span class="ver">23</span>And he dealt wisely, and dispersed of all his children throughout all the countries of Judah and Benjamin, unto every fenced city: and he gave them victual in abundance. And he desired many wives.
<h2 id="c12">Chapter 12</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass, when M
Rehoboam had established the kingdom, and had strengthened himself, he forsook the law of the LORD, and all Israel with him. <span class="ver">2</span>And it came to pass, that in the fifth year of king Rehoboam Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem, because they had transgressed against the LORD, <span class="ver">3</span>With twelve hundred chariots, and threescore thousand horsemen: and the people were without number that came with him out of Egypt; the Lubims, the Sukkiims, and the Ethiopians. <span cM
lass="ver">4</span>And he took the fenced cities which pertained to Judah, and came to Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Then came Shemaiah the prophet to Rehoboam, and to the princes of Judah, that were gathered together to Jerusalem because of Shishak, and said unto them, Thus saith the LORD, Ye have forsaken me, and therefore have I also left you in the hand of Shishak. <span class="ver">6</span>Whereupon the princes of Israel and the king humbled themselves; and they said, The LORD is righteous. <sM
pan class="ver">7</span>And when the LORD saw that they humbled themselves, the word of the LORD came to Shemaiah, saying, They have humbled themselves; therefore I will not destroy them, but I will grant them some deliverance; and my wrath shall not be poured out upon Jerusalem by the hand of Shishak. <span class="ver">8</span>Nevertheless they shall be his servants; that they may know my service, and the service of the kingdoms of the countries. <span class="ver">9</span>So Shishak king of Egypt came up against JM
erusalem, and took away the treasures of the house of the LORD, and the treasures of the king
s house; he took all: he carried away also the shields of gold which Solomon had made. <span class="ver">10</span>Instead of which king Rehoboam made shields of brass, and committed them to the hands of the chief of the guard, that kept the entrance of the king
s house. <span class="ver">11</span>And when the king entered into the house of the LORD, the guard came and fetched them, and brought them again into the guardM
chamber. <span class="ver">12</span>And when he humbled himself, the wrath of the LORD turned from him, that he would not destroy him altogether: and also in Judah things went well. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>So king Rehoboam strengthened himself in Jerusalem, and reigned: for Rehoboam was one and forty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned seventeen years in Jerusalem, the city which the LORD had chosen out of all the tribes of Israel, to put his name there. And his mother
an Ammonitess. <span class="ver">14</span>And he did evil, because he prepared not his heart to seek the LORD. <span class="ver">15</span>Now the acts of Rehoboam, first and last, are they not written in the book of Shemaiah the prophet, and of Iddo the seer concerning genealogies? And there were wars between Rehoboam and Jeroboam continually. <span class="ver">16</span>And Rehoboam slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David: and Abijah his son reigned in his stead.
<h2 id="c13">Chapter 13</h2>M
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now in the eighteenth year of king Jeroboam began Abijah to reign over Judah. <span class="ver">2</span>He reigned three years in Jerusalem. His mother
s name also was Michaiah the daughter of Uriel of Gibeah. And there was war between Abijah and Jeroboam. <span class="ver">3</span>And Abijah set the battle in array with an army of valiant men of war, even four hundred thousand chosen men: Jeroboam also set the battle in array against him with eight hundred thousand chosen men, beM
ing mighty men of valour. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And Abijah stood up upon mount Zemaraim, which is in mount Ephraim, and said, Hear me, thou Jeroboam, and all Israel; <span class="ver">5</span>Ought ye not to know that the LORD God of Israel gave the kingdom over Israel to David for ever, even to him and to his sons by a covenant of salt? <span class="ver">6</span>Yet Jeroboam the son of Nebat, the servant of Solomon the son of David, is risen up, and hath rebelled against his lord. <span class="ver">7M
</span>And there are gathered unto him vain men, the children of Belial, and have strengthened themselves against Rehoboam the son of Solomon, when Rehoboam was young and tenderhearted, and could not withstand them. <span class="ver">8</span>And now ye think to withstand the kingdom of the LORD in the hand of the sons of David; and ye be a great multitude, and there are with you golden calves, which Jeroboam made you for gods. <span class="ver">9</span>Have ye not cast out the priests of the LORD, the sons of AaronM
, and the Levites, and have made you priests after the manner of the nations of other lands? so that whosoever cometh to consecrate himself with a young bullock and seven rams, the same may be a priest of them that are no gods. <span class="ver">10</span>But as for us, the LORD is our God, and we have not forsaken him; and the priests, which minister unto the LORD, are the sons of Aaron, and the Levites wait upon their business: <span class="ver">11</span>And they burn unto the LORD every morning and every evening M
burnt sacrifices and sweet incense: the shewbread also set they in order upon the pure table; and the candlestick of gold with the lamps thereof, to burn every evening: for we keep the charge of the LORD our God; but ye have forsaken him. <span class="ver">12</span>And, behold, God himself is with us for our captain, and his priests with sounding trumpets to cry alarm against you. O children of Israel, fight ye not against the LORD God of your fathers; for ye shall not prosper. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>M
But Jeroboam caused an ambushment to come about behind them: so they were before Judah, and the ambushment was behind them. <span class="ver">14</span>And when Judah looked back, behold, the battle was before and behind: and they cried unto the LORD, and the priests sounded with the trumpets. <span class="ver">15</span>Then the men of Judah gave a shout: and as the men of Judah shouted, it came to pass, that God smote Jeroboam and all Israel before Abijah and Judah. <span class="ver">16</span>And the children of IsM
rael fled before Judah: and God delivered them into their hand. <span class="ver">17</span>And Abijah and his people slew them with a great slaughter: so there fell down slain of Israel five hundred thousand chosen men. <span class="ver">18</span>Thus the children of Israel were brought under at that time, and the children of Judah prevailed, because they relied upon the LORD God of their fathers. <span class="ver">19</span>And Abijah pursued after Jeroboam, and took cities from him, Beth-el with the towns thereof,M
and Jeshanah with the towns thereof, and Ephrain with the towns thereof. <span class="ver">20</span>Neither did Jeroboam recover strength again in the days of Abijah: and the LORD struck him, and he died. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>But Abijah waxed mighty, and married fourteen wives, and begat twenty and two sons, and sixteen daughters. <span class="ver">22</span>And the rest of the acts of Abijah, and his ways, and his sayings, are written in the story of the prophet Iddo.
<h2 id="c14">Chapter 14</h2M
<p><span class="ver">1</span>So Abijah slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city of David: and Asa his son reigned in his stead. In his days the land was quiet ten years. <span class="ver">2</span>And Asa did that which was good and right in the eyes of the LORD his God: <span class="ver">3</span>For he took away the altars of the strange gods, and the high places, and brake down the images, and cut down the groves: <span class="ver">4</span>And commanded Judah to seek the LORD God of their fatheM
rs, and to do the law and the commandment. <span class="ver">5</span>Also he took away out of all the cities of Judah the high places and the images: and the kingdom was quiet before him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And he built fenced cities in Judah: for the land had rest, and he had no war in those years; because the LORD had given him rest. <span class="ver">7</span>Therefore he said unto Judah, Let us build these cities, and make about them walls, and towers, gates, and bars, while the land is yet befoM
re us; because we have sought the LORD our God, we have sought him, and he hath given us rest on every side. So they built and prospered. <span class="ver">8</span>And Asa had an army of men that bare targets and spears, out of Judah three hundred thousand; and out of Benjamin, that bare shields and drew bows, two hundred and fourscore thousand: all these were mighty men of valour. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And there came out against them Zerah the Ethiopian with an host of a thousand thousand, and three M
hundred chariots; and came unto Mareshah. <span class="ver">10</span>Then Asa went out against him, and they set the battle in array in the valley of Zephathah at Mareshah. <span class="ver">11</span>And Asa cried unto the LORD his God, and said, LORD, it is nothing with thee to help, whether with many, or with them that have no power: help us, O LORD our God; for we rest on thee, and in thy name we go against this multitude. O LORD, thou art our God; let not man prevail against thee. <span class="ver">12</span>So M
the LORD smote the Ethiopians before Asa, and before Judah; and the Ethiopians fled. <span class="ver">13</span>And Asa and the people that were with him pursued them unto Gerar: and the Ethiopians were overthrown, that they could not recover themselves; for they were destroyed before the LORD, and before his host; and they carried away very much spoil. <span class="ver">14</span>And they smote all the cities round about Gerar; for the fear of the LORD came upon them: and they spoiled all the cities; for there was M
exceeding much spoil in them. <span class="ver">15</span>They smote also the tents of cattle, and carried away sheep and camels in abundance, and returned to Jerusalem.
<h2 id="c15">Chapter 15</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the Spirit of God came upon Azariah the son of Oded: <span class="ver">2</span>And he went out to meet Asa, and said unto him, Hear ye me, Asa, and all Judah and Benjamin; The LORD is with you, while ye be with him; and if ye seek him, he will be found of you; but if ye forsake him,M
he will forsake you. <span class="ver">3</span>Now for a long season Israel hath been without the true God, and without a teaching priest, and without law. <span class="ver">4</span>But when they in their trouble did turn unto the LORD God of Israel, and sought him, he was found of them. <span class="ver">5</span>And in those times there was no peace to him that went out, nor to him that came in, but great vexations were upon all the inhabitants of the countries. <span class="ver">6</span>And nation was destroyed M
of nation, and city of city: for God did vex them with all adversity. <span class="ver">7</span>Be ye strong therefore, and let not your hands be weak: for your work shall be rewarded. <span class="ver">8</span>And when Asa heard these words, and the prophecy of Oded the prophet, he took courage, and put away the abominable idols out of all the land of Judah and Benjamin, and out of the cities which he had taken from mount Ephraim, and renewed the altar of the LORD, that was before the porch of the LORD. <span clasM
s="ver">9</span>And he gathered all Judah and Benjamin, and the strangers with them out of Ephraim and Manasseh, and out of Simeon: for they fell to him out of Israel in abundance, when they saw that the LORD his God was with him. <span class="ver">10</span>So they gathered themselves together at Jerusalem in the third month, in the fifteenth year of the reign of Asa. <span class="ver">11</span>And they offered unto the LORD the same time, of the spoil which they had brought, seven hundred oxen and seven thousand sM
heep. <span class="ver">12</span>And they entered into a covenant to seek the LORD God of their fathers with all their heart and with all their soul; <span class="ver">13</span>That whosoever would not seek the LORD God of Israel should be put to death, whether small or great, whether man or woman. <span class="ver">14</span>And they sware unto the LORD with a loud voice, and with shouting, and with trumpets, and with cornets. <span class="ver">15</span>And all Judah rejoiced at the oath: for they had sworn with alM
l their heart, and sought him with their whole desire; and he was found of them: and the LORD gave them rest round about. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And also concerning Maachah the mother of Asa the king, he removed her from being queen, because she had made an idol in a grove: and Asa cut down her idol, and stamped it, and burnt it at the brook Kidron. <span class="ver">17</span>But the high places were not taken away out of Israel: nevertheless the heart of Asa was perfect all his days. </p>
class="ver">18</span>And he brought into the house of God the things that his father had dedicated, and that he himself had dedicated, silver, and gold, and vessels. <span class="ver">19</span>And there was no more war unto the five and thirtieth year of the reign of Asa.
<h2 id="c16">Chapter 16</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In the six and thirtieth year of the reign of Asa Baasha king of Israel came up against Judah, and built Ramah, to the intent that he might let none go out or come in to Asa king of JM
udah. <span class="ver">2</span>Then Asa brought out silver and gold out of the treasures of the house of the LORD and of the king
s house, and sent to Ben-hadad king of Syria, that dwelt at Damascus, saying, <span class="ver">3</span>There is a league between me and thee, as there was between my father and thy father: behold, I have sent thee silver and gold; go, break thy league with Baasha king of Israel, that he may depart from me. <span class="ver">4</span>And Ben-hadad hearkened unto king Asa, and sent the M
captains of his armies against the cities of Israel; and they smote Ijon, and Dan, and Abel-maim, and all the store cities of Naphtali. <span class="ver">5</span>And it came to pass, when Baasha heard it, that he left off building of Ramah, and let his work cease. <span class="ver">6</span>Then Asa the king took all Judah; and they carried away the stones of Ramah, and the timber thereof, wherewith Baasha was building; and he built therewith Geba and Mizpah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And at that time HanaM
ni the seer came to Asa king of Judah, and said unto him, Because thou hast relied on the king of Syria, and not relied on the LORD thy God, therefore is the host of the king of Syria escaped out of thine hand. <span class="ver">8</span>Were not the Ethiopians and the Lubims a huge host, with very many chariots and horsemen? yet, because thou didst rely on the LORD, he delivered them into thine hand. <span class="ver">9</span>For the eyes of the LORD run to and fro throughout the whole earth, to shew himself strongM
in the behalf of them whose heart is perfect toward him. Herein thou hast done foolishly: therefore from henceforth thou shalt have wars. <span class="ver">10</span>Then Asa was wroth with the seer, and put him in a prison house; for he was in a rage with him because of this thing. And Asa oppressed some of the people the same time. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And, behold, the acts of Asa, first and last, lo, they are written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel. <span class="ver">12</span>And AsaM
in the thirty and ninth year of his reign was diseased in his feet, until his disease was exceeding great: yet in his disease he sought not to the LORD, but to the physicians. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And Asa slept with his fathers, and died in the one and fortieth year of his reign. <span class="ver">14</span>And they buried him in his own sepulchres, which he had made for himself in the city of David, and laid him in the bed which was filled with sweet odours and divers kinds of spices prepared by thM
art: and they made a very great burning for him.
<h2 id="c17">Chapter 17</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Jehoshaphat his son reigned in his stead, and strengthened himself against Israel. <span class="ver">2</span>And he placed forces in all the fenced cities of Judah, and set garrisons in the land of Judah, and in the cities of Ephraim, which Asa his father had taken. <span class="ver">3</span>And the LORD was with Jehoshaphat, because he walked in the first ways of his father David, M
and sought not unto Baalim; <span class="ver">4</span>But sought to the Lord God of his father, and walked in his commandments, and not after the doings of Israel. <span class="ver">5</span>Therefore the LORD stablished the kingdom in his hand; and all Judah brought to Jehoshaphat presents; and he had riches and honour in abundance. <span class="ver">6</span>And his heart was lifted up in the ways of the LORD: moreover he took away the high places and groves out of Judah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Also iM
n the third year of his reign he sent to his princes, even to Ben-hail, and to Obadiah, and to Zechariah, and to Nethaneel, and to Michaiah, to teach in the cities of Judah. <span class="ver">8</span>And with them he sent Levites, even Shemaiah, and Nethaniah, and Zebadiah, and Asahel, and Shemiramoth, and Jehonathan, and Adonijah, and Tobijah, and Tob-adonijah, Levites; and with them Elishama and Jehoram, priests. <span class="ver">9</span>And they taught in Judah, and had the book of the law of the LORD with themM
, and went about throughout all the cities of Judah, and taught the people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And the fear of the LORD fell upon all the kingdoms of the lands that were round about Judah, so that they made no war against Jehoshaphat. <span class="ver">11</span>Also some of the Philistines brought Jehoshaphat presents, and tribute silver; and the Arabians brought him flocks, seven thousand and seven hundred rams, and seven thousand and seven hundred he goats. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>AM
nd Jehoshaphat waxed great exceedingly; and he built in Judah castles, and cities of store. <span class="ver">13</span>And he had much business in the cities of Judah: and the men of war, mighty men of valour, were in Jerusalem. <span class="ver">14</span>And these are the numbers of them according to the house of their fathers: Of Judah, the captains of thousands; Adnah the chief, and with him mighty men of valour three hundred thousand. <span class="ver">15</span>And next to him was Jehohanan the captain, and witM
h him two hundred and fourscore thousand. <span class="ver">16</span>And next him was Amasiah the son of Zichri, who willingly offered himself unto the LORD; and with him two hundred thousand mighty men of valour. <span class="ver">17</span>And of Benjamin; Eliada a mighty man of valour, and with him armed men with bow and shield two hundred thousand. <span class="ver">18</span>And next him was Jehozabad, and with him an hundred and fourscore thousand ready prepared for the war. <span class="ver">19</span>These waiM
ted on the king, beside those whom the king put in the fenced cities throughout all Judah.
<h2 id="c18">Chapter 18</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now Jehoshaphat had riches and honour in abundance, and joined affinity with Ahab. <span class="ver">2</span>And after certain years he went down to Ahab to Samaria. And Ahab killed sheep and oxen for him in abundance, and for the people that he had with him, and persuaded him to go up with him to Ramoth-gilead. <span class="ver">3</span>And Ahab king of Israel sM
aid unto Jehoshaphat king of Judah, Wilt thou go with me to Ramoth-gilead? And he answered him, I am as thou art, and my people as thy people; and we will be with thee in the war. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And Jehoshaphat said unto the king of Israel, Enquire, I pray thee, at the word of the LORD to day. <span class="ver">5</span>Therefore the king of Israel gathered together of prophets four hundred men, and said unto them, Shall we go to Ramoth-gilead to battle, or shall I forbear? And they said, Go up;M
for God will deliver it into the king
s hand. <span class="ver">6</span>But Jehoshaphat said, Is there not here a prophet of the LORD besides, that we might enquire of him? <span class="ver">7</span>And the king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat, There is yet one man, by whom we may enquire of the LORD: but I hate him; for he never prophesied good unto me, but always evil: the same is Micaiah the son of Imla. And Jehoshaphat said, Let not the king say so. <span class="ver">8</span>And the king of Israel called forM
one of his officers, and said, Fetch quickly Micaiah the son of Imla. <span class="ver">9</span>And the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat king of Judah sat either of them on his throne, clothed in their robes, and they sat in a void place at the entering in of the gate of Samaria; and all the prophets prophesied before them. <span class="ver">10</span>And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah had made him horns of iron, and said, Thus saith the LORD, With these thou shalt push Syria until they be consumed. <span class="ver">M
11</span>And all the prophets prophesied so, saying, Go up to Ramoth-gilead, and prosper: for the LORD shall deliver it into the hand of the king. <span class="ver">12</span>And the messenger that went to call Micaiah spake to him, saying, Behold, the words of the prophets declare good to the king with one assent; let thy word therefore, I pray thee, be like one of theirs, and speak thou good. <span class="ver">13</span>And Micaiah said, As the LORD liveth, even what my God saith, that will I speak. <span class="veM
r">14</span>And when he was come to the king, the king said unto him, Micaiah, shall we go to Ramoth-gilead to battle, or shall I forbear? And he said, Go ye up, and prosper, and they shall be delivered into your hand. <span class="ver">15</span>And the king said to him, How many times shall I adjure thee that thou say nothing but the truth to me in the name of the LORD? <span class="ver">16</span>Then he said, I did see all Israel scattered upon the mountains, as sheep that have no shepherd: and the LORD said, TheM
se have no master; let them return therefore every man to his house in peace. <span class="ver">17</span>And the king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, Did I not tell thee that he would not prophesy good unto me, but evil? <span class="ver">18</span>Again he said, Therefore hear the word of the LORD; I saw the LORD sitting upon his throne, and all the host of heaven standing on his right hand and on his left. <span class="ver">19</span>And the LORD said, Who shall entice Ahab king of Israel, that he may go up and fallM
at Ramoth-gilead? And one spake saying after this manner, and another saying after that manner. <span class="ver">20</span>Then there came out a spirit, and stood before the LORD, and said, I will entice him. And the LORD said unto him, Wherewith? <span class="ver">21</span>And he said, I will go out, and be a lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets. And the Lord said, Thou shalt entice him, and thou shalt also prevail: go out, and do even so. <span class="ver">22</span>Now therefore, behold, the LORD hath pM
ut a lying spirit in the mouth of these thy prophets, and the LORD hath spoken evil against thee. <span class="ver">23</span>Then Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah came near, and smote Micaiah upon the cheek, and said, Which way went the Spirit of the LORD from me to speak unto thee? <span class="ver">24</span>And Micaiah said, Behold, thou shalt see on that day when thou shalt go into an inner chamber to hide thyself. <span class="ver">25</span>Then the king of Israel said, Take ye Micaiah, and carry him back to Amon M
the governor of the city, and to Joash the king
s son; <span class="ver">26</span>And say, Thus saith the king, Put this fellow in the prison, and feed him with bread of affliction and with water of affliction, until I return in peace. <span class="ver">27</span>And Micaiah said, If thou certainly return in peace, then hath not the LORD spoken by me. And he said, Hearken, all ye people. <span class="ver">28</span>So the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat the king of Judah went up to Ramoth-gilead. <span class="ver">2M
9</span>And the king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat, I will disguise myself, and will go to the battle; but put thou on thy robes. So the king of Israel disguised himself; and they went to the battle. <span class="ver">30</span>Now the king of Syria had commanded the captains of the chariots that were with him, saying, Fight ye not with small or great, save only with the king of Israel. <span class="ver">31</span>And it came to pass, when the captains of the chariots saw Jehoshaphat, that they said, It is the kingM
of Israel. Therefore they compassed about him to fight: but Jehoshaphat cried out, and the LORD helped him; and God moved them to depart from him. <span class="ver">32</span>For it came to pass, that, when the captains of the chariots perceived that it was not the king of Israel, they turned back again from pursuing him. <span class="ver">33</span>And a certain man drew a bow at a venture, and smote the king of Israel between the joints of the harness: therefore he said to his chariot man, Turn thine hand, that thM
ou mayest carry me out of the host; for I am wounded. <span class="ver">34</span>And the battle increased that day: howbeit the king of Israel stayed himself up in his chariot against the Syrians until the even: and about the time of the sun going down he died.
<h2 id="c19">Chapter 19</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Jehoshaphat the king of Judah returned to his house in peace to Jerusalem. <span class="ver">2</span>And Jehu the son of Hanani the seer went out to meet him, and said to king Jehoshaphat, SM
houldest thou help the ungodly, and love them that hate the LORD? therefore is wrath upon thee from before the LORD. <span class="ver">3</span>Nevertheless there are good things found in thee, in that thou hast taken away the groves out of the land, and hast prepared thine heart to seek God. <span class="ver">4</span>And Jehoshaphat dwelt at Jerusalem: and he went out again through the people from Beer-sheba to mount Ephraim, and brought them back unto the LORD God of their fathers. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</sM
pan>And he set judges in the land throughout all the fenced cities of Judah, city by city, <span class="ver">6</span>And said to the judges, Take heed what ye do: for ye judge not for man, but for the LORD, who is with you in the judgment. <span class="ver">7</span>Wherefore now let the fear of the LORD be upon you; take heed and do it: for there is no iniquity with the LORD our God, nor respect of persons, nor taking of gifts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Moreover in Jerusalem did Jehoshaphat set of the LevM
ites, and of the priests, and of the chief of the fathers of Israel, for the judgment of the LORD, and for controversies, when they returned to Jerusalem. <span class="ver">9</span>And he charged them, saying, Thus shall ye do in the fear of the LORD, faithfully, and with a perfect heart. <span class="ver">10</span>And what cause soever shall come to you of your brethren that dwell in their cities, between blood and blood, between law and commandment, statutes and judgments, ye shall even warn them that they trespaM
ss not against the LORD, and so wrath come upon you, and upon your brethren: this do, and ye shall not trespass. <span class="ver">11</span>And, behold, Amariah the chief priest is over you in all matters of the LORD; and Zebadiah the son of Ishmael, the ruler of the house of Judah, for all the king
s matters: also the Levites shall be officers before you. Deal courageously, and the LORD shall be with the good.
<h2 id="c20">Chapter 20</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>It came to pass after this also, that tM
he children of Moab, and the children of Ammon, and with them other beside the Ammonites, came against Jehoshaphat to battle. <span class="ver">2</span>Then there came some that told Jehoshaphat, saying, There cometh a great multitude against thee from beyond the sea on this side Syria; and, behold, they be in Hazazon-tamar, which is En-gedi. <span class="ver">3</span>And Jehoshaphat feared, and set himself to seek the LORD, and proclaimed a fast throughout all Judah. <span class="ver">4</span>And Judah gathered thM
emselves together, to ask help of the LORD: even out of all the cities of Judah they came to seek the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And Jehoshaphat stood in the congregation of Judah and Jerusalem, in the house of the LORD, before the new court, <span class="ver">6</span>And said, O LORD God of our fathers, art not thou God in heaven? and rulest not thou over all the kingdoms of the heathen? and in thine hand is there not power and might, so that none is able to withstand thee? <span class="ver">7</spanM
>Art not thou our God, who didst drive out the inhabitants of this land before thy people Israel, and gavest it to the seed of Abraham thy friend for ever? <span class="ver">8</span>And they dwelt therein, and have built thee a sanctuary therein for thy name, saying, <span class="ver">9</span>If, when evil cometh upon us, as the sword, judgment, or pestilence, or famine, we stand before this house, and in thy presence, (for thy name is in this house,) and cry unto thee in our affliction, then thou wilt hear and helM
p. <span class="ver">10</span>And now, behold, the children of Ammon and Moab and mount Seir, whom thou wouldest not let Israel invade, when they came out of the land of Egypt, but they turned from them, and destroyed them not; <span class="ver">11</span>Behold, I say, how they reward us, to come to cast us out of thy possession, which thou hast given us to inherit. <span class="ver">12</span>O our God, wilt thou not judge them? for we have no might against this great company that cometh against us; neither know weM
what to do: but our eyes are upon thee. <span class="ver">13</span>And all Judah stood before the LORD, with their little ones, their wives, and their children. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Then upon Jahaziel the son of Zechariah, the son of Benaiah, the son of Jeiel, the son of Mattaniah, a Levite of the sons of Asaph, came the Spirit of the LORD in the midst of the congregation; <span class="ver">15</span>And he said, Hearken ye, all Judah, and ye inhabitants of Jerusalem, and thou king Jehoshaphat, ThusM
saith the LORD unto you, Be not afraid nor dismayed by reason of this great multitude; for the battle is not yours, but God
s. <span class="ver">16</span>To morrow go ye down against them: behold, they come up by the cliff of Ziz; and ye shall find them at the end of the brook, before the wilderness of Jeruel. <span class="ver">17</span>Ye shall not need to fight in this battle: set yourselves, stand ye still, and see the salvation of the LORD with you, O Judah and Jerusalem: fear not, nor be dismayed; to morrowM
go out against them: for the LORD will be with you. <span class="ver">18</span>And Jehoshaphat bowed his head with his face to the ground: and all Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem fell before the LORD, worshipping the LORD. <span class="ver">19</span>And the Levites, of the children of the Kohathites, and of the children of the Korhites, stood up to praise the LORD God of Israel with a loud voice on high. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And they rose early in the morning, and went forth into the wildernM
ess of Tekoa: and as they went forth, Jehoshaphat stood and said, Hear me, O Judah, and ye inhabitants of Jerusalem; Believe in the LORD your God, so shall ye be established; believe his prophets, so shall ye prosper. <span class="ver">21</span>And when he had consulted with the people, he appointed singers unto the LORD, and that should praise the beauty of holiness, as they went out before the army, and to say, Praise the LORD; for his mercy endureth for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And when they beM
gan to sing and to praise, the LORD set ambushments against the children of Ammon, Moab, and mount Seir, which were come against Judah; and they were smitten. <span class="ver">23</span>For the children of Ammon and Moab stood up against the inhabitants of mount Seir, utterly to slay and destroy them: and when they had made an end of the inhabitants of Seir, every one helped to destroy another. <span class="ver">24</span>And when Judah came toward the watch tower in the wilderness, they looked unto the multitude, aM
nd, behold, they were dead bodies fallen to the earth, and none escaped. <span class="ver">25</span>And when Jehoshaphat and his people came to take away the spoil of them, they found among them in abundance both riches with the dead bodies, and precious jewels, which they stripped off for themselves, more than they could carry away: and they were three days in gathering of the spoil, it was so much. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>And on the fourth day they assembled themselves in the valley of Berachah; for M
there they blessed the LORD: therefore the name of the same place was called, The valley of Berachah, unto this day. <span class="ver">27</span>Then they returned, every man of Judah and Jerusalem, and Jehoshaphat in the forefront of them, to go again to Jerusalem with joy; for the LORD had made them to rejoice over their enemies. <span class="ver">28</span>And they came to Jerusalem with psalteries and harps and trumpets unto the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">29</span>And the fear of God was on all the kingM
doms of those countries, when they had heard that the LORD fought against the enemies of Israel. <span class="ver">30</span>So the realm of Jehoshaphat was quiet: for his God gave him rest round about. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>And Jehoshaphat reigned over Judah: he was thirty and five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned twenty and five years in Jerusalem. And his mother
s name was Azubah the daughter of Shilhi. <span class="ver">32</span>And he walked in the way of Asa his father, and depM
arted not from it, doing that which was right in the sight of the LORD. <span class="ver">33</span>Howbeit the high places were not taken away: for as yet the people had not prepared their hearts unto the God of their fathers. <span class="ver">34</span>Now the rest of the acts of Jehoshaphat, first and last, behold, they are written in the book of Jehu the son of Hanani, who is mentioned in the book of the kings of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">35</span>And after this did Jehoshaphat king of Judah join himseM
lf with Ahaziah king of Israel, who did very wickedly: <span class="ver">36</span>And he joined himself with him to make ships to go to Tarshish: and they made the ships in Ezion-geber. <span class="ver">37</span>Then Eliezer the son of Dodavah of Mareshah prophesied against Jehoshaphat, saying, Because thou hast joined thyself with Ahaziah, the LORD hath broken thy works. And the ships were broken, that they were not able to go to Tarshish.
<h2 id="c21">Chapter 21</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now JehoshM
aphat slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in the city of David. And Jehoram his son reigned in his stead. <span class="ver">2</span>And he had brethren the sons of Jehoshaphat, Azariah, and Jehiel, and Zechariah, and Azariah, and Michael, and Shephatiah: all these were the sons of Jehoshaphat king of Israel. <span class="ver">3</span>And their father gave them great gifts of silver, and of gold, and of precious things, with fenced cities in Judah: but the kingdom gave he to Jehoram; because he wM
as the firstborn. <span class="ver">4</span>Now when Jehoram was risen up to the kingdom of his father, he strengthened himself, and slew all his brethren with the sword, and divers also of the princes of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Jehoram was thirty and two years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eight years in Jerusalem. <span class="ver">6</span>And he walked in the way of the kings of Israel, like as did the house of Ahab: for he had the daughter of Ahab to wife: and he wrought that whM
ich was evil in the eyes of the LORD. <span class="ver">7</span>Howbeit the LORD would not destroy the house of David, because of the covenant that he had made with David, and as he promised to give a light to him and to his sons for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>In his days the Edomites revolted from under the dominion of Judah, and made themselves a king. <span class="ver">9</span>Then Jehoram went forth with his princes, and all his chariots with him: and he rose up by night, and smote the Edomites wM
hich compassed him in, and the captains of the chariots. <span class="ver">10</span>So the Edomites revolted from under the hand of Judah unto this day. The same time also did Libnah revolt from under his hand; because he had forsaken the LORD God of his fathers. <span class="ver">11</span>Moreover he made high places in the mountains of Judah, and caused the inhabitants of Jerusalem to commit fornication, and compelled Judah thereto. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And there came a writing to him from Elijah M
the prophet, saying, Thus saith the LORD God of David thy father, Because thou hast not walked in the ways of Jehoshaphat thy father, nor in the ways of Asa king of Judah, <span class="ver">13</span>But hast walked in the way of the kings of Israel, and hast made Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem to go a whoring, like to the whoredoms of the house of Ahab, and also hast slain thy brethren of thy father
s house, which were better than thyself: <span class="ver">14</span>Behold, with a great plague will the LOM
RD smite thy people, and thy children, and thy wives, and all thy goods: <span class="ver">15</span>And thou shalt have great sickness by disease of thy bowels, until thy bowels fall out by reason of the sickness day by day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Moreover the LORD stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines, and of the Arabians, that were near the Ethiopians: <span class="ver">17</span>And they came up into Judah, and brake into it, and carried away all the substance that was found in thM
s house, and his sons also, and his wives; so that there was never a son left him, save Jehoahaz, the youngest of his sons. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And after all this the LORD smote him in his bowels with an incurable disease. <span class="ver">19</span>And it came to pass, that in process of time, after the end of two years, his bowels fell out by reason of his sickness: so he died of sore diseases. And his people made no burning for him, like the burning of his fathers. <span class="ver">20<M
/span>Thirty and two years old was he when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem eight years, and departed without being desired. Howbeit they buried him in the city of David, but not in the sepulchres of the kings.
<h2 id="c22">Chapter 22</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the inhabitants of Jerusalem made Ahaziah his youngest son king in his stead: for the band of men that came with the Arabians to the camp had slain all the eldest. So Ahaziah the son of Jehoram king of Judah reigned. <span clasM
s="ver">2</span>Forty and two years old was Ahaziah when he began to reign, and he reigned one year in Jerusalem. His mother
s name also was Athaliah the daughter of Omri. <span class="ver">3</span>He also walked in the ways of the house of Ahab: for his mother was his counsellor to do wickedly. <span class="ver">4</span>Wherefore he did evil in the sight of the LORD like the house of Ahab: for they were his counsellors after the death of his father to his destruction. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>He walkeM
d also after their counsel, and went with Jehoram the son of Ahab king of Israel to war against Hazael king of Syria at Ramoth-gilead: and the Syrians smote Joram. <span class="ver">6</span>And he returned to be healed in Jezreel because of the wounds which were given him at Ramah, when he fought with Hazael king of Syria. And Azariah the son of Jehoram king of Judah went down to see Jehoram the son of Ahab at Jezreel, because he was sick. <span class="ver">7</span>And the destruction of Ahaziah was of God by cominM
g to Joram: for when he was come, he went out with Jehoram against Jehu the son of Nimshi, whom the LORD had anointed to cut off the house of Ahab. <span class="ver">8</span>And it came to pass, that, when Jehu was executing judgment upon the house of Ahab, and found the princes of Judah, and the sons of the brethren of Ahaziah, that ministered to Ahaziah, he slew them. <span class="ver">9</span>And he sought Ahaziah: and they caught him, (for he was hid in Samaria,) and brought him to Jehu: and when they had slainM
him, they buried him: Because, said they, he is the son of Jehoshaphat, who sought the LORD with all his heart. So the house of Ahaziah had no power to keep still the kingdom. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>But when Athaliah the mother of Ahaziah saw that her son was dead, she arose and destroyed all the seed royal of the house of Judah. <span class="ver">11</span>But Jehoshabeath, the daughter of the king, took Joash the son of Ahaziah, and stole him from among the king
s sons that were slain, and put himM
and his nurse in a bedchamber. So Jehoshabeath, the daughter of king Jehoram, the wife of Jehoiada the priest, (for she was the sister of Ahaziah,) hid him from Athaliah, so that she slew him not. <span class="ver">12</span>And he was with them hid in the house of God six years: and Athaliah reigned over the land.
<h2 id="c23">Chapter 23</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And in the seventh year Jehoiada strengthened himself, and took the captains of hundreds, Azariah the son of Jeroham, and Ishmael the son oM
f Jehohanan, and Azariah the son of Obed, and Maaseiah the son of Adaiah, and Elishaphat the son of Zichri, into covenant with him. <span class="ver">2</span>And they went about in Judah, and gathered the Levites out of all the cities of Judah, and the chief of the fathers of Israel, and they came to Jerusalem. <span class="ver">3</span>And all the congregation made a covenant with the king in the house of God. And he said unto them, Behold, the king
s son shall reign, as the LORD hath said of the sons of David. M
<span class="ver">4</span>This is the thing that ye shall do; A third part of you entering on the sabbath, of the priests and of the Levites, shall be porters of the doors; <span class="ver">5</span>And a third part shall be at the king
s house; and a third part at the gate of the foundation: and all the people shall be in the courts of the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">6</span>But let none come into the house of the LORD, save the priests, and they that minister of the Levites; they shall go in, for they M
are holy: but all the people shall keep the watch of the LORD. <span class="ver">7</span>And the Levites shall compass the king round about, every man with his weapons in his hand; and whosoever else cometh into the house, he shall be put to death: but be ye with the king when he cometh in, and when he goeth out. <span class="ver">8</span>So the Levites and all Judah did according to all things that Jehoiada the priest had commanded, and took every man his men that were to come in on the sabbath, with them that werM
e to go out on the sabbath: for Jehoiada the priest dismissed not the courses. <span class="ver">9</span>Moreover Jehoiada the priest delivered to the captains of hundreds spears, and bucklers, and shields, that had been king David
s, which were in the house of God. <span class="ver">10</span>And he set all the people, every man having his weapon in his hand, from the right side of the temple to the left side of the temple, along by the altar and the temple, by the king round about. <span class="ver">11</span>TheM
n they brought out the king
s son, and put upon him the crown, and gave him the testimony, and made him king. And Jehoiada and his sons anointed him, and said, God save the king. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Now when Athaliah heard the noise of the people running and praising the king, she came to the people into the house of the LORD: <span class="ver">13</span>And she looked, and, behold, the king stood at his pillar at the entering in, and the princes and the trumpets by the king: and all the people ofM
the land rejoiced, and sounded with trumpets, also the singers with instruments of musick, and such as taught to sing praise. Then Athaliah rent her clothes, and said, Treason, Treason. <span class="ver">14</span>Then Jehoiada the priest brought out the captains of hundreds that were set over the host, and said unto them, Have her forth of the ranges: and whoso followeth her, let him be slain with the sword. For the priest said, Slay her not in the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">15</span>So they laid hands oM
n her; and when she was come to the entering of the horse gate by the king
s house, they slew her there. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And Jehoiada made a covenant between him, and between all the people, and between the king, that they should be the LORD
s people. <span class="ver">17</span>Then all the people went to the house of Baal, and brake it down, and brake his altars and his images in pieces, and slew Mattan the priest of Baal before the altars. <span class="ver">18</span>Also Jehoiada appointeM
d the offices of the house of the LORD by the hand of the priests the Levites, whom David had distributed in the house of the LORD, to offer the burnt offerings of the LORD, as it is written in the law of Moses, with rejoicing and with singing, as it was ordained by David. <span class="ver">19</span>And he set the porters at the gates of the house of the LORD, that none which was unclean in any thing should enter in. <span class="ver">20</span>And he took the captains of hundreds, and the nobles, and the governors M
of the people, and all the people of the land, and brought down the king from the house of the LORD: and they came through the high gate into the king
s house, and set the king upon the throne of the kingdom. <span class="ver">21</span>And all the people of the land rejoiced: and the city was quiet, after that they had slain Athaliah with the sword.
<h2 id="c24">Chapter 24</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Joash was seven years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years in Jerusalem. His mother
s name also was Zibiah of Beer-sheba. <span class="ver">2</span>And Joash did that which was right in the sight of the LORD all the days of Jehoiada the priest. <span class="ver">3</span>And Jehoiada took for him two wives; and he begat sons and daughters. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And it came to pass after this, that Joash was minded to repair the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">5</span>And he gathered together the priests and the Levites, and said to them, Go out unto the cities of Judah, and gatM
her of all Israel money to repair the house of your God from year to year, and see that ye hasten the matter. Howbeit the Levites hastened it not. <span class="ver">6</span>And the king called for Jehoiada the chief, and said unto him, Why hast thou not required of the Levites to bring in out of Judah and out of Jerusalem the collection, according to the commandment of Moses the servant of the LORD, and of the congregation of Israel, for the tabernacle of witness? <span class="ver">7</span>For the sons of Athaliah,M
that wicked woman, had broken up the house of God; and also all the dedicated things of the house of the LORD did they bestow upon Baalim. <span class="ver">8</span>And at the king
s commandment they made a chest, and set it without at the gate of the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">9</span>And they made a proclamation through Judah and Jerusalem, to bring in to the LORD the collection that Moses the servant of God laid upon Israel in the wilderness. <span class="ver">10</span>And all the princes and all thM
e people rejoiced, and brought in, and cast into the chest, until they had made an end. <span class="ver">11</span>Now it came to pass, that at what time the chest was brought unto the king
s office by the hand of the Levites, and when they saw that there was much money, the king
s scribe and the high priest
s officer came and emptied the chest, and took it, and carried it to his place again. Thus they did day by day, and gathered money in abundance. <span class="ver">12</span>And the king and Jehoiada gave iM
t to such as did the work of the service of the house of the LORD, and hired masons and carpenters to repair the house of the LORD, and also such as wrought iron and brass to mend the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">13</span>So the workmen wrought, and the work was perfected by them, and they set the house of God in his state, and strengthened it. <span class="ver">14</span>And when they had finished it, they brought the rest of the money before the king and Jehoiada, whereof were made vessels for the house ofM
the LORD, even vessels to minister, and to offer withal, and spoons, and vessels of gold and silver. And they offered burnt offerings in the house of the LORD continually all the days of Jehoiada. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>But Jehoiada waxed old, and was full of days when he died; an hundred and thirty years old was he when he died. <span class="ver">16</span>And they buried him in the city of David among the kings, because he had done good in Israel, both toward God, and toward his house. <span class="M
ver">17</span>Now after the death of Jehoiada came the princes of Judah, and made obeisance to the king. Then the king hearkened unto them. <span class="ver">18</span>And they left the house of the LORD God of their fathers, and served groves and idols: and wrath came upon Judah and Jerusalem for this their trespass. <span class="ver">19</span>Yet he sent prophets to them, to bring them again unto the LORD; and they testified against them: but they would not give ear. <span class="ver">20</span>And the Spirit of GoM
d came upon Zechariah the son of Jehoiada the priest, which stood above the people, and said unto them, Thus saith God, Why transgress ye the commandments of the LORD, that ye cannot prosper? because ye have forsaken the LORD, he hath also forsaken you. <span class="ver">21</span>And they conspired against him, and stoned him with stones at the commandment of the king in the court of the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">22</span>Thus Joash the king remembered not the kindness which Jehoiada his father had done M
to him, but slew his son. And when he died, he said, The LORD look upon it, and require it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And it came to pass at the end of the year, that the host of Syria came up against him: and they came to Judah and Jerusalem, and destroyed all the princes of the people from among the people, and sent all the spoil of them unto the king of Damascus. <span class="ver">24</span>For the army of the Syrians came with a small company of men, and the LORD delivered a very great host into theirM
hand, because they had forsaken the LORD God of their fathers. So they executed judgment against Joash. <span class="ver">25</span>And when they were departed from him, (for they left him in great diseases,) his own servants conspired against him for the blood of the sons of Jehoiada the priest, and slew him on his bed, and he died: and they buried him in the city of David, but they buried him not in the sepulchres of the kings. <span class="ver">26</span>And these are they that conspired against him; Zabad the soM
n of Shimeath an Ammonitess, and Jehozabad the son of Shimrith a Moabitess. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>Now concerning his sons, and the greatness of the burdens laid upon him, and the repairing of the house of God, behold, they are written in the story of the book of the kings. And Amaziah his son reigned in his stead.
<h2 id="c25">Chapter 25</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Amaziah was twenty and five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned twenty and nine years in Jerusalem. And his mothM
s name was Jehoaddan of Jerusalem. <span class="ver">2</span>And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, but not with a perfect heart. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Now it came to pass, when the kingdom was established to him, that he slew his servants that had killed the king his father. <span class="ver">4</span>But he slew not their children, but did as it is written in the law in the book of Moses, where the LORD commanded, saying, The fathers shall not die for the children, neither shaM
ll the children die for the fathers, but every man shall die for his own sin. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Moreover Amaziah gathered Judah together, and made them captains over thousands, and captains over hundreds, according to the houses of their fathers, throughout all Judah and Benjamin: and he numbered them from twenty years old and above, and found them three hundred thousand choice men, able to go forth to war, that could handle spear and shield. <span class="ver">6</span>He hired also an hundred thouM
sand mighty men of valour out of Israel for an hundred talents of silver. <span class="ver">7</span>But there came a man of God to him, saying, O king, let not the army of Israel go with thee; for the LORD is not with Israel, to wit, with all the children of Ephraim. <span class="ver">8</span>But if thou wilt go, do it, be strong for the battle: God shall make thee fall before the enemy: for God hath power to help, and to cast down. <span class="ver">9</span>And Amaziah said to the man of God, But what shall we do M
for the hundred talents which I have given to the army of Israel? And the man of God answered, The LORD is able to give thee much more than this. <span class="ver">10</span>Then Amaziah separated them, to wit, the army that was come to him out of Ephraim, to go home again: wherefore their anger was greatly kindled against Judah, and they returned home in great anger. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And Amaziah strengthened himself, and led forth his people, and went to the valley of salt, and smote of the chilM
dren of Seir ten thousand. <span class="ver">12</span>And other ten thousand left alive did the children of Judah carry away captive, and brought them unto the top of the rock, and cast them down from the top of the rock, that they all were broken in pieces. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>But the soldiers of the army which Amaziah sent back, that they should not go with him to battle, fell upon the cities of Judah, from Samaria even unto Beth-horon, and smote three thousand of them, and took much spoil. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Now it came to pass, after that Amaziah was come from the slaughter of the Edomites, that he brought the gods of the children of Seir, and set them up to be his gods, and bowed down himself before them, and burned incense unto them. <span class="ver">15</span>Wherefore the anger of the LORD was kindled against Amaziah, and he sent unto him a prophet, which said unto him, Why hast thou sought after the gods of the people, which could not deliver their own people out of thine hand? <spM
an class="ver">16</span>And it came to pass, as he talked with him, that the king said unto him, Art thou made of the king
s counsel? forbear; why shouldest thou be smitten? Then the prophet forbare, and said, I know that God hath determined to destroy thee, because thou hast done this, and hast not hearkened unto my counsel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Then Amaziah king of Judah took advice, and sent to Joash, the son of Jehoahaz, the son of Jehu, king of Israel, saying, Come, let us see one another in M
the face. <span class="ver">18</span>And Joash king of Israel sent to Amaziah king of Judah, saying, The thistle that was in Lebanon sent to the cedar that was in Lebanon, saying, Give thy daughter to my son to wife: and there passed by a wild beast that was in Lebanon, and trode down the thistle. <span class="ver">19</span>Thou sayest, Lo, thou hast smitten the Edomites; and thine heart lifteth thee up to boast: abide now at home; why shouldest thou meddle to thine hurt, that thou shouldest fall, even thou, and JuM
dah with thee? <span class="ver">20</span>But Amaziah would not hear; for it came of God, that he might deliver them into the hand of their enemies, because they sought after the gods of Edom. <span class="ver">21</span>So Joash the king of Israel went up; and they saw one another in the face, both he and Amaziah king of Judah, at Beth-shemesh, which belongeth to Judah. <span class="ver">22</span>And Judah was put to the worse before Israel, and they fled every man to his tent. <span class="ver">23</span>And Joash M
the king of Israel took Amaziah king of Judah, the son of Joash, the son of Jehoahaz, at Beth-shemesh, and brought him to Jerusalem, and brake down the wall of Jerusalem from the gate of Ephraim to the corner gate, four hundred cubits. <span class="ver">24</span>And he took all the gold and the silver, and all the vessels that were found in the house of God with Obed-edom, and the treasures of the king
s house, the hostages also, and returned to Samaria. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And Amaziah the son ofM
Joash king of Judah lived after the death of Joash son of Jehoahaz king of Israel fifteen years. <span class="ver">26</span>Now the rest of the acts of Amaziah, first and last, behold, are they not written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel? </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>Now after the time that Amaziah did turn away from following the LORD they made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem; and he fled to Lachish: but they sent to Lachish after him, and slew him there. <span class="ver">28</span>And M
they brought him upon horses, and buried him with his fathers in the city of Judah.
<h2 id="c26">Chapter 26</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then all the people of Judah took Uzziah, who was sixteen years old, and made him king in the room of his father Amaziah. <span class="ver">2</span>He built Eloth, and restored it to Judah, after that the king slept with his fathers. <span class="ver">3</span>Sixteen years old was Uzziah when he began to reign, and he reigned fifty and two years in Jerusalem. His motherM
s name also was Jecoliah of Jerusalem. <span class="ver">4</span>And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his father Amaziah did. <span class="ver">5</span>And he sought God in the days of Zechariah, who had understanding in the visions of God: and as long as he sought the LORD, God made him to prosper. <span class="ver">6</span>And he went forth and warred against the Philistines, and brake down the wall of Gath, and the wall of Jabneh, and the wall of Ashdod, and built ciM
ties about Ashdod, and among the Philistines. <span class="ver">7</span>And God helped him against the Philistines, and against the Arabians that dwelt in Gur-baal, and the Mehunims. <span class="ver">8</span>And the Ammonites gave gifts to Uzziah: and his name spread abroad even to the entering in of Egypt; for he strengthened himself exceedingly. <span class="ver">9</span>Moreover Uzziah built towers in Jerusalem at the corner gate, and at the valley gate, and at the turning of the wall, and fortified them. <spanM
class="ver">10</span>Also he built towers in the desert, and digged many wells: for he had much cattle, both in the low country, and in the plains: husbandmen also, and vine dressers in the mountains, and in Carmel: for he loved husbandry. <span class="ver">11</span>Moreover Uzziah had an host of fighting men, that went out to war by bands, according to the number of their account by the hand of Jeiel the scribe and Maaseiah the ruler, under the hand of Hananiah, one of the king
s captains. <span class="ver">12<M
/span>The whole number of the chief of the fathers of the mighty men of valour were two thousand and six hundred. <span class="ver">13</span>And under their hand was an army, three hundred thousand and seven thousand and five hundred, that made war with mighty power, to help the king against the enemy. <span class="ver">14</span>And Uzziah prepared for them throughout all the host shields, and spears, and helmets, and habergeons, and bows, and slings to cast stones. <span class="ver">15</span>And he made in JerusalM
em engines, invented by cunning men, to be on the towers and upon the bulwarks, to shoot arrows and great stones withal. And his name spread far abroad; for he was marvellously helped, till he was strong. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>But when he was strong, his heart was lifted up to his destruction: for he transgressed against the LORD his God, and went into the temple of the LORD to burn incense upon the altar of incense. <span class="ver">17</span>And Azariah the priest went in after him, and with him foM
urscore priests of the LORD, that were valiant men: <span class="ver">18</span>And they withstood Uzziah the king, and said unto him, It appertaineth not unto thee, Uzziah, to burn incense unto the LORD, but to the priests the sons of Aaron, that are consecrated to burn incense: go out of the sanctuary; for thou hast trespassed; neither shall it be for thine honour from the LORD God. <span class="ver">19</span>Then Uzziah was wroth, and had a censer in his hand to burn incense: and while he was wroth with the priesM
ts, the leprosy even rose up in his forehead before the priests in the house of the LORD, from beside the incense altar. <span class="ver">20</span>And Azariah the chief priest, and all the priests, looked upon him, and, behold, he was leprous in his forehead, and they thrust him out from thence; yea, himself hasted also to go out, because the LORD had smitten him. <span class="ver">21</span>And Uzziah the king was a leper unto the day of his death, and dwelt in a several house, being a leper; for he was cut off frM
om the house of the LORD: and Jotham his son was over the king
s house, judging the people of the land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Now the rest of the acts of Uzziah, first and last, did Isaiah the prophet, the son of Amoz, write. <span class="ver">23</span>So Uzziah slept with his fathers, and they buried him with his fathers in the field of the burial which belonged to the kings; for they said, He is a leper: and Jotham his son reigned in his stead.
<h2 id="c27">Chapter 27</h2>
<p><span class="vM
er">1</span>Jotham was twenty and five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. His mother
s name also was Jerushah, the daughter of Zadok. <span class="ver">2</span>And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his father Uzziah did: howbeit he entered not into the temple of the LORD. And the people did yet corruptly. <span class="ver">3</span>He built the high gate of the house of the LORD, and on the wall of Ophel he built much. <span class=M
"ver">4</span>Moreover he built cities in the mountains of Judah, and in the forests he built castles and towers. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>He fought also with the king of the Ammonites, and prevailed against them. And the children of Ammon gave him the same year an hundred talents of silver, and ten thousand measures of wheat, and ten thousand of barley. So much did the children of Ammon pay unto him, both the second year, and the third. <span class="ver">6</span>So Jotham became mighty, because he prepaM
red his ways before the LORD his God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Now the rest of the acts of Jotham, and all his wars, and his ways, lo, they are written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah. <span class="ver">8</span>He was five and twenty years old when he began to reign, and reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And Jotham slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city of David: and Ahaz his son reigned in his stead.
<h2 id="c28">Chapter 28</h2>
p><span class="ver">1</span>Ahaz was twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem: but he did not that which was right in the sight of the LORD, like David his father: <span class="ver">2</span>For he walked in the ways of the kings of Israel, and made also molten images for Baalim. <span class="ver">3</span>Moreover he burnt incense in the valley of the son of Hinnom, and burnt his children in the fire, after the abominations of the heathen whom the LORD had cast out before thM
e children of Israel. <span class="ver">4</span>He sacrificed also and burnt incense in the high places, and on the hills, and under every green tree. <span class="ver">5</span>Wherefore the LORD his God delivered him into the hand of the king of Syria; and they smote him, and carried away a great multitude of them captives, and brought them to Damascus. And he was also delivered into the hand of the king of Israel, who smote him with a great slaughter. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>For Pekah the son of RemalM
iah slew in Judah an hundred and twenty thousand in one day, which were all valiant men; because they had forsaken the LORD God of their fathers. <span class="ver">7</span>And Zichri, a mighty man of Ephraim, slew Maaseiah the king
s son, and Azrikam the governor of the house, and Elkanah that was next to the king. <span class="ver">8</span>And the children of Israel carried away captive of their brethren two hundred thousand, women, sons, and daughters, and took also away much spoil from them, and brought the spM
oil to Samaria. <span class="ver">9</span>But a prophet of the LORD was there, whose name was Oded: and he went out before the host that came to Samaria, and said unto them, Behold, because the LORD God of your fathers was wroth with Judah, he hath delivered them into your hand, and ye have slain them in a rage that reacheth up unto heaven. <span class="ver">10</span>And now ye purpose to keep under the children of Judah and Jerusalem for bondmen and bondwomen unto you: but are there not with you, even with you, siM
ns against the LORD your God? <span class="ver">11</span>Now hear me therefore, and deliver the captives again, which ye have taken captive of your brethren: for the fierce wrath of the LORD is upon you. <span class="ver">12</span>Then certain of the heads of the children of Ephraim, Azariah the son of Johanan, Berechiah the son of Meshillemoth, and Jehizkiah the son of Shallum, and Amasa the son of Hadlai, stood up against them that came from the war, <span class="ver">13</span>And said unto them, Ye shall not briM
ng in the captives hither: for whereas we have offended against the LORD already, ye intend to add more to our sins and to our trespass: for our trespass is great, and there is fierce wrath against Israel. <span class="ver">14</span>So the armed men left the captives and the spoil before the princes and all the congregation. <span class="ver">15</span>And the men which were expressed by name rose up, and took the captives, and with the spoil clothed all that were naked among them, and arrayed them, and shod them, aM
nd gave them to eat and to drink, and anointed them, and carried all the feeble of them upon asses, and brought them to Jericho, the city of palm trees, to their brethren: then they returned to Samaria. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>At that time did king Ahaz send unto the kings of Assyria to help him. <span class="ver">17</span>For again the Edomites had come and smitten Judah, and carried away captives. <span class="ver">18</span>The Philistines also had invaded the cities of the low country, and of the soM
uth of Judah, and had taken Beth-shemesh, and Ajalon, and Gederoth, and Shocho with the villages thereof, and Timnah with the villages thereof, Gimzo also and the villages thereof: and they dwelt there. <span class="ver">19</span>For the LORD brought Judah low because of Ahaz king of Israel; for he made Judah naked, and transgressed sore against the LORD. <span class="ver">20</span>And Tilgath-pilneser king of Assyria came unto him, and distressed him, but strengthened him not. <span class="ver">21</span>For Ahaz tM
ook away a portion out of the house of the LORD, and out of the house of the king, and of the princes, and gave it unto the king of Assyria: but he helped him not. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And in the time of his distress did he trespass yet more against the LORD: this is that king Ahaz. <span class="ver">23</span>For he sacrificed unto the gods of Damascus, which smote him: and he said, Because the gods of the kings of Syria help them, therefore will I sacrifice to them, that they may help me. But they M
were the ruin of him, and of all Israel. <span class="ver">24</span>And Ahaz gathered together the vessels of the house of God, and cut in pieces the vessels of the house of God, and shut up the doors of the house of the LORD, and he made him altars in every corner of Jerusalem. <span class="ver">25</span>And in every several city of Judah he made high places to burn incense unto other gods, and provoked to anger the LORD God of his fathers. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>Now the rest of his acts and of all hM
is ways, first and last, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel. <span class="ver">27</span>And Ahaz slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city, even in Jerusalem: but they brought him not into the sepulchres of the kings of Israel: and Hezekiah his son reigned in his stead.
<h2 id="c29">Chapter 29</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Hezekiah began to reign when he was five and twenty years old, and he reigned nine and twenty years in Jerusalem. And his mother
e was Abijah, the daughter of Zechariah. <span class="ver">2</span>And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, according to all that David his father had done. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>He in the first year of his reign, in the first month, opened the doors of the house of the LORD, and repaired them. <span class="ver">4</span>And he brought in the priests and the Levites, and gathered them together into the east street, <span class="ver">5</span>And said unto them, Hear me, ye Levites, sancM
tify now yourselves, and sanctify the house of the LORD God of your fathers, and carry forth the filthiness out of the holy place. <span class="ver">6</span>For our fathers have trespassed, and done that which was evil in the eyes of the LORD our God, and have forsaken him, and have turned away their faces from the habitation of the LORD, and turned their backs. <span class="ver">7</span>Also they have shut up the doors of the porch, and put out the lamps, and have not burned incense nor offered burnt offerings in M
the holy place unto the God of Israel. <span class="ver">8</span>Wherefore the wrath of the LORD was upon Judah and Jerusalem, and he hath delivered them to trouble, to astonishment, and to hissing, as ye see with your eyes. <span class="ver">9</span>For, lo, our fathers have fallen by the sword, and our sons and our daughters and our wives are in captivity for this. <span class="ver">10</span>Now it is in mine heart to make a covenant with the LORD God of Israel, that his fierce wrath may turn away from us. <span M
class="ver">11</span>My sons, be not now negligent: for the LORD hath chosen you to stand before him, to serve him, and that ye should minister unto him, and burn incense. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Then the Levites arose, Mahath the son of Amasai, and Joel the son of Azariah, of the sons of the Kohathites: and of the sons of Merari, Kish the son of Abdi, and Azariah the son of Jehalelel: and of the Gershonites; Joah the son of Zimmah, and Eden the son of Joah: <span class="ver">13</span>And of the sons oM
f Elizaphan; Shimri, and Jeiel: and of the sons of Asaph; Zechariah, and Mattaniah: <span class="ver">14</span>And of the sons of Heman; Jehiel, and Shimei: and of the sons of Jeduthun; Shemaiah, and Uzziel. <span class="ver">15</span>And they gathered their brethren, and sanctified themselves, and came, according to the commandment of the king, by the words of the LORD, to cleanse the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">16</span>And the priests went into the inner part of the house of the LORD, to cleanse it, andM
brought out all the uncleanness that they found in the temple of the LORD into the court of the house of the LORD. And the Levites took it, to carry it out abroad into the brook Kidron. <span class="ver">17</span>Now they began on the first day of the first month to sanctify, and on the eighth day of the month came they to the porch of the LORD: so they sanctified the house of the LORD in eight days; and in the sixteenth day of the first month they made an end. <span class="ver">18</span>Then they went in to HezekM
iah the king, and said, We have cleansed all the house of the LORD, and the altar of burnt offering, with all the vessels thereof, and the shewbread table, with all the vessels thereof. <span class="ver">19</span>Moreover all the vessels, which king Ahaz in his reign did cast away in his transgression, have we prepared and sanctified, and, behold, they are before the altar of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Then Hezekiah the king rose early, and gathered the rulers of the city, and went up to the houM
se of the LORD. <span class="ver">21</span>And they brought seven bullocks, and seven rams, and seven lambs, and seven he goats, for a sin offering for the kingdom, and for the sanctuary, and for Judah. And he commanded the priests the sons of Aaron to offer them on the altar of the LORD. <span class="ver">22</span>So they killed the bullocks, and the priests received the blood, and sprinkled it on the altar: likewise, when they had killed the rams, they sprinkled the blood upon the altar: they killed also the lambM
s, and they sprinkled the blood upon the altar. <span class="ver">23</span>And they brought forth the he goats for the sin offering before the king and the congregation; and they laid their hands upon them: <span class="ver">24</span>And the priests killed them, and they made reconciliation with their blood upon the altar, to make an atonement for all Israel: for the king commanded that the burnt offering and the sin offering should be made for all Israel. <span class="ver">25</span>And he set the Levites in the hoM
use of the LORD with cymbals, with psalteries, and with harps, according to the commandment of David, and of Gad the king
s seer, and Nathan the prophet: for so was the commandment of the LORD by his prophets. <span class="ver">26</span>And the Levites stood with the instruments of David, and the priests with the trumpets. <span class="ver">27</span>And Hezekiah commanded to offer the burnt offering upon the altar. And when the burnt offering began, the song of the LORD began also with the trumpets, and with the M
instruments ordained by David king of Israel. <span class="ver">28</span>And all the congregation worshipped, and the singers sang, and the trumpeters sounded: and all this continued until the burnt offering was finished. <span class="ver">29</span>And when they had made an end of offering, the king and all that were present with him bowed themselves, and worshipped. <span class="ver">30</span>Moreover Hezekiah the king and the princes commanded the Levites to sing praise unto the LORD with the words of David, and M
of Asaph the seer. And they sang praises with gladness, and they bowed their heads and worshipped. <span class="ver">31</span>Then Hezekiah answered and said, Now ye have consecrated yourselves unto the LORD, come near and bring sacrifices and thank offerings into the house of the LORD. And the congregation brought in sacrifices and thank offerings; and as many as were of a free heart burnt offerings. <span class="ver">32</span>And the number of the burnt offerings, which the congregation brought, was threescore anM
d ten bullocks, an hundred rams, and two hundred lambs: all these were for a burnt offering to the LORD. <span class="ver">33</span>And the consecrated things were six hundred oxen and three thousand sheep. <span class="ver">34</span>But the priests were too few, so that they could not flay all the burnt offerings: wherefore their brethren the Levites did help them, till the work was ended, and until the other priests had sanctified themselves: for the Levites were more upright in heart to sanctify themselves than M
the priests. <span class="ver">35</span>And also the burnt offerings were in abundance, with the fat of the peace offerings, and the drink offerings for every burnt offering. So the service of the house of the LORD was set in order. <span class="ver">36</span>And Hezekiah rejoiced, and all the people, that God had prepared the people: for the thing was done suddenly.
<h2 id="c30">Chapter 30</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Hezekiah sent to all Israel and Judah, and wrote letters also to Ephraim and ManasM
seh, that they should come to the house of the LORD at Jerusalem, to keep the passover unto the LORD God of Israel. <span class="ver">2</span>For the king had taken counsel, and his princes, and all the congregation in Jerusalem, to keep the passover in the second month. <span class="ver">3</span>For they could not keep it at that time, because the priests had not sanctified themselves sufficiently, neither had the people gathered themselves together to Jerusalem. <span class="ver">4</span>And the thing pleased theM
king and all the congregation. <span class="ver">5</span>So they established a decree to make proclamation throughout all Israel, from Beer-sheba even to Dan, that they should come to keep the passover unto the LORD God of Israel at Jerusalem: for they had not done it of a long time in such sort as it was written. <span class="ver">6</span>So the posts went with the letters from the king and his princes throughout all Israel and Judah, and according to the commandment of the king, saying, Ye children of Israel, tuM
rn again unto the LORD God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, and he will return to the remnant of you, that are escaped out of the hand of the kings of Assyria. <span class="ver">7</span>And be not ye like your fathers, and like your brethren, which trespassed against the LORD God of their fathers, who therefore gave them up to desolation, as ye see. <span class="ver">8</span>Now be ye not stiffnecked, as your fathers were, but yield yourselves unto the LORD, and enter into his sanctuary, which he hath sanctified for M
ever: and serve the LORD your God, that the fierceness of his wrath may turn away from you. <span class="ver">9</span>For if ye turn again unto the LORD, your brethren and your children shall find compassion before them that lead them captive, so that they shall come again into this land: for the LORD your God is gracious and merciful, and will not turn away his face from you, if ye return unto him. <span class="ver">10</span>So the posts passed from city to city through the country of Ephraim and Manasseh even untM
o Zebulun: but they laughed them to scorn, and mocked them. <span class="ver">11</span>Nevertheless divers of Asher and Manasseh and of Zebulun humbled themselves, and came to Jerusalem. <span class="ver">12</span>Also in Judah the hand of God was to give them one heart to do the commandment of the king and of the princes, by the word of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And there assembled at Jerusalem much people to keep the feast of unleavened bread in the second month, a very great congregation. <sM
pan class="ver">14</span>And they arose and took away the altars that were in Jerusalem, and all the altars for incense took they away, and cast them into the brook Kidron. <span class="ver">15</span>Then they killed the passover on the fourteenth day of the second month: and the priests and the Levites were ashamed, and sanctified themselves, and brought in the burnt offerings into the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">16</span>And they stood in their place after their manner, according to the law of Moses the M
man of God: the priests sprinkled the blood, which they received of the hand of the Levites. <span class="ver">17</span>For there were many in the congregation that were not sanctified: therefore the Levites had the charge of the killing of the passovers for every one that was not clean, to sanctify them unto the LORD. <span class="ver">18</span>For a multitude of the people, even many of Ephraim, and Manasseh, Issachar, and Zebulun, had not cleansed themselves, yet did they eat the passover otherwise than it was wM
ritten. But Hezekiah prayed for them, saying, The good LORD pardon every one <span class="ver">19</span>That prepareth his heart to seek God, the LORD God of his fathers, though he be not cleansed according to the purification of the sanctuary. <span class="ver">20</span>And the LORD hearkened to Hezekiah, and healed the people. <span class="ver">21</span>And the children of Israel that were present at Jerusalem kept the feast of unleavened bread seven days with great gladness: and the Levites and the priests praisM
ed the LORD day by day, singing with loud instruments unto the LORD. <span class="ver">22</span>And Hezekiah spake comfortably unto all the Levites that taught the good knowledge of the LORD: and they did eat throughout the feast seven days, offering peace offerings, and making confession to the LORD God of their fathers. <span class="ver">23</span>And the whole assembly took counsel to keep other seven days: and they kept other seven days with gladness. <span class="ver">24</span>For Hezekiah king of Judah did givM
e to the congregation a thousand bullocks and seven thousand sheep; and the princes gave to the congregation a thousand bullocks and ten thousand sheep: and a great number of priests sanctified themselves. <span class="ver">25</span>And all the congregation of Judah, with the priests and the Levites, and all the congregation that came out of Israel, and the strangers that came out of the land of Israel, and that dwelt in Judah, rejoiced. <span class="ver">26</span>So there was great joy in Jerusalem: for since the M
time of Solomon the son of David king of Israel there was not the like in Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>Then the priests the Levites arose and blessed the people: and their voice was heard, and their prayer came up to his holy dwelling place, even unto heaven.
<h2 id="c31">Chapter 31</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now when all this was finished, all Israel that were present went out to the cities of Judah, and brake the images in pieces, and cut down the groves, and threw down the high plM
aces and the altars out of all Judah and Benjamin, in Ephraim also and Manasseh, until they had utterly destroyed them all. Then all the children of Israel returned, every man to his possession, into their own cities. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>And Hezekiah appointed the courses of the priests and the Levites after their courses, every man according to his service, the priests and Levites for burnt offerings and for peace offerings, to minister, and to give thanks, and to praise in the gates of the tents oM
f the LORD. <span class="ver">3</span>He appointed also the king
s portion of his substance for the burnt offerings, to wit, for the morning and evening burnt offerings, and the burnt offerings for the sabbaths, and for the new moons, and for the set feasts, as it is written in the law of the LORD. <span class="ver">4</span>Moreover he commanded the people that dwelt in Jerusalem to give the portion of the priests and the Levites, that they might be encouraged in the law of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5M
</span>And as soon as the commandment came abroad, the children of Israel brought in abundance the firstfruits of corn, wine, and oil, and honey, and of all the increase of the field; and the tithe of all things brought they in abundantly. <span class="ver">6</span>And concerning the children of Israel and Judah, that dwelt in the cities of Judah, they also brought in the tithe of oxen and sheep, and the tithe of holy things which were consecrated unto the LORD their God, and laid them by heaps. <span class="ver">7M
</span>In the third month they began to lay the foundation of the heaps, and finished them in the seventh month. <span class="ver">8</span>And when Hezekiah and the princes came and saw the heaps, they blessed the LORD, and his people Israel. <span class="ver">9</span>Then Hezekiah questioned with the priests and the Levites concerning the heaps. <span class="ver">10</span>And Azariah the chief priest of the house of Zadok answered him, and said, Since the people began to bring the offerings into the house of the LM
ORD, we have had enough to eat, and have left plenty: for the LORD hath blessed his people; and that which is left is this great store. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Then Hezekiah commanded to prepare chambers in the house of the LORD; and they prepared them, <span class="ver">12</span>And brought in the offerings and the tithes and the dedicated things faithfully: over which Cononiah the Levite was ruler, and Shimei his brother was the next. <span class="ver">13</span>And Jehiel, and Azaziah, and Nahath, anM
d Asahel, and Jerimoth, and Jozabad, and Eliel, and Ismachiah, and Mahath, and Benaiah, were overseers under the hand of Cononiah and Shimei his brother, at the commandment of Hezekiah the king, and Azariah the ruler of the house of God. <span class="ver">14</span>And Kore the son of Imnah the Levite, the porter toward the east, was over the freewill offerings of God, to distribute the oblations of the LORD, and the most holy things. <span class="ver">15</span>And next him were Eden, and Miniamin, and Jeshua, and SM
hemaiah, Amariah, and Shecaniah, in the cities of the priests, in their set office, to give to their brethren by courses, as well to the great as to the small: <span class="ver">16</span>Beside their genealogy of males, from three years old and upward, even unto every one that entereth into the house of the LORD, his daily portion for their service in their charges according to their courses; <span class="ver">17</span>Both to the genealogy of the priests by the house of their fathers, and the Levites from twenty yM
ears old and upward, in their charges by their courses; <span class="ver">18</span>And to the genealogy of all their little ones, their wives, and their sons, and their daughters, through all the congregation: for in their set office they sanctified themselves in holiness: <span class="ver">19</span>Also of the sons of Aaron the priests, which were in the fields of the suburbs of their cities, in every several city, the men that were expressed by name, to give portions to all the males among the priests, and to allM
that were reckoned by genealogies among the Levites. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And thus did Hezekiah throughout all Judah, and wrought that which was good and right and truth before the LORD his God. <span class="ver">21</span>And in every work that he began in the service of the house of God, and in the law, and in the commandments, to seek his God, he did it with all his heart, and prospered.
<h2 id="c32">Chapter 32</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>After these things, and the establishment therM
eof, Sennacherib king of Assyria came, and entered into Judah, and encamped against the fenced cities, and thought to win them for himself. <span class="ver">2</span>And when Hezekiah saw that Sennacherib was come, and that he was purposed to fight against Jerusalem, <span class="ver">3</span>He took counsel with his princes and his mighty men to stop the waters of the fountains which were without the city: and they did help him. <span class="ver">4</span>So there was gathered much people together, who stopped all M
the fountains, and the brook that ran through the midst of the land, saying, Why should the kings of Assyria come, and find much water? <span class="ver">5</span>Also he strengthened himself, and built up all the wall that was broken, and raised it up to the towers, and another wall without, and repaired Millo in the city of David, and made darts and shields in abundance. <span class="ver">6</span>And he set captains of war over the people, and gathered them together to him in the street of the gate of the city, anM
d spake comfortably to them, saying, <span class="ver">7</span>Be strong and courageous, be not afraid nor dismayed for the king of Assyria, nor for all the multitude that is with him: for there be more with us than with him: <span class="ver">8</span>With him is an arm of flesh; but with us is the LORD our God to help us, and to fight our battles. And the people rested themselves upon the words of Hezekiah king of Judah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>After this did Sennacherib king of Assyria send his servanM
ts to Jerusalem, (but he himself laid siege against Lachish, and all his power with him,) unto Hezekiah king of Judah, and unto all Judah that were at Jerusalem, saying, <span class="ver">10</span>Thus saith Sennacherib king of Assyria, Whereon do ye trust, that ye abide in the siege in Jerusalem? <span class="ver">11</span>Doth not Hezekiah persuade you to give over yourselves to die by famine and by thirst, saying, The LORD our God shall deliver us out of the hand of the king of Assyria? <span class="ver">12</spaM
n>Hath not the same Hezekiah taken away his high places and his altars, and commanded Judah and Jerusalem, saying, Ye shall worship before one altar, and burn incense upon it? <span class="ver">13</span>Know ye not what I and my fathers have done unto all the people of other lands? were the gods of the nations of those lands any ways able to deliver their lands out of mine hand? <span class="ver">14</span>Who was there among all the gods of those nations that my fathers utterly destroyed, that could deliver his peoM
ple out of mine hand, that your God should be able to deliver you out of mine hand? <span class="ver">15</span>Now therefore let not Hezekiah deceive you, nor persuade you on this manner, neither yet believe him: for no god of any nation or kingdom was able to deliver his people out of mine hand, and out of the hand of my fathers: how much less shall your God deliver you out of mine hand? <span class="ver">16</span>And his servants spake yet more against the LORD God, and against his servant Hezekiah. <span class="M
ver">17</span>He wrote also letters to rail on the LORD God of Israel, and to speak against him, saying, As the gods of the nations of other lands have not delivered their people out of mine hand, so shall not the God of Hezekiah deliver his people out of mine hand. <span class="ver">18</span>Then they cried with a loud voice in the Jews
speech unto the people of Jerusalem that were on the wall, to affright them, and to trouble them; that they might take the city. <span class="ver">19</span>And they spake againsM
t the God of Jerusalem, as against the gods of the people of the earth, which were the work of the hands of man. <span class="ver">20</span>And for this cause Hezekiah the king, and the prophet Isaiah the son of Amoz, prayed and cried to heaven. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And the LORD sent an angel, which cut off all the mighty men of valour, and the leaders and captains in the camp of the king of Assyria. So he returned with shame of face to his own land. And when he was come into the house of his god, tM
hey that came forth of his own bowels slew him there with the sword. <span class="ver">22</span>Thus the LORD saved Hezekiah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem from the hand of Sennacherib the king of Assyria, and from the hand of all other, and guided them on every side. <span class="ver">23</span>And many brought gifts unto the LORD to Jerusalem, and presents to Hezekiah king of Judah: so that he was magnified in the sight of all nations from thenceforth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>In those days Hezekiah M
was sick to the death, and prayed unto the LORD: and he spake unto him, and he gave him a sign. <span class="ver">25</span>But Hezekiah rendered not again according to the benefit done unto him; for his heart was lifted up: therefore there was wrath upon him, and upon Judah and Jerusalem. <span class="ver">26</span>Notwithstanding Hezekiah humbled himself for the pride of his heart, both he and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so that the wrath of the LORD came not upon them in the days of Hezekiah. </p>
ass="ver">27</span>And Hezekiah had exceeding much riches and honour: and he made himself treasuries for silver, and for gold, and for precious stones, and for spices, and for shields, and for all manner of pleasant jewels; <span class="ver">28</span>Storehouses also for the increase of corn, and wine, and oil; and stalls for all manner of beasts, and cotes for flocks. <span class="ver">29</span>Moreover he provided him cities, and possessions of flocks and herds in abundance: for God had given him substance very mM
uch. <span class="ver">30</span>This same Hezekiah also stopped the upper watercourse of Gihon, and brought it straight down to the west side of the city of David. And Hezekiah prospered in all his works. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>Howbeit in the business of the ambassadors of the princes of Babylon, who sent unto him to enquire of the wonder that was done in the land, God left him, to try him, that he might know all that was in his heart. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>Now the rest of the acts of HM
ezekiah, and his goodness, behold, they are written in the vision of Isaiah the prophet, the son of Amoz, and in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel. <span class="ver">33</span>And Hezekiah slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the chiefest of the sepulchres of the sons of David: and all Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem did him honour at his death. And Manasseh his son reigned in his stead.
<h2 id="c33">Chapter 33</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Manasseh was twelve years old when he begM
an to reign, and he reigned fifty and five years in Jerusalem: <span class="ver">2</span>But did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, like unto the abominations of the heathen, whom the LORD had cast out before the children of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>For he built again the high places which Hezekiah his father had broken down, and he reared up altars for Baalim, and made groves, and worshipped all the host of heaven, and served them. <span class="ver">4</span>Also he built altars in theM
house of the LORD, whereof the LORD had said, In Jerusalem shall my name be for ever. <span class="ver">5</span>And he built altars for all the host of heaven in the two courts of the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">6</span>And he caused his children to pass through the fire in the valley of the son of Hinnom: also he observed times, and used enchantments, and used witchcraft, and dealt with a familiar spirit, and with wizards: he wrought much evil in the sight of the LORD, to provoke him to anger. <span clasM
s="ver">7</span>And he set a carved image, the idol which he had made, in the house of God, of which God had said to David and to Solomon his son, In this house, and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen before all the tribes of Israel, will I put my name for ever: <span class="ver">8</span>Neither will I any more remove the foot of Israel from out of the land which I have appointed for your fathers; so that they will take heed to do all that I have commanded them, according to the whole law and the statutes and the orM
dinances by the hand of Moses. <span class="ver">9</span>So Manasseh made Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem to err, and to do worse than the heathen, whom the LORD had destroyed before the children of Israel. <span class="ver">10</span>And the LORD spake to Manasseh, and to his people: but they would not hearken. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Wherefore the LORD brought upon them the captains of the host of the king of Assyria, which took Manasseh among the thorns, and bound him with fetters, and carriedM
him to Babylon. <span class="ver">12</span>And when he was in affliction, he besought the LORD his God, and humbled himself greatly before the God of his fathers, <span class="ver">13</span>And prayed unto him: and he was intreated of him, and heard his supplication, and brought him again to Jerusalem into his kingdom. Then Manasseh knew that the LORD he was God. <span class="ver">14</span>Now after this he built a wall without the city of David, on the west side of Gihon, in the valley, even to the entering in atM
the fish gate, and compassed about Ophel, and raised it up a very great height, and put captains of war in all the fenced cities of Judah. <span class="ver">15</span>And he took away the strange gods, and the idol out of the house of the LORD, and all the altars that he had built in the mount of the house of the LORD, and in Jerusalem, and cast them out of the city. <span class="ver">16</span>And he repaired the altar of the LORD, and sacrificed thereon peace offerings and thank offerings, and commanded Judah to sM
erve the LORD God of Israel. <span class="ver">17</span>Nevertheless the people did sacrifice still in the high places, yet unto the LORD their God only. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Now the rest of the acts of Manasseh, and his prayer unto his God, and the words of the seers that spake to him in the name of the LORD God of Israel, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Israel. <span class="ver">19</span>His prayer also, and how God was intreated of him, and all his sin, and his trespass, and M
the places wherein he built high places, and set up groves and graven images, before he was humbled: behold, they are written among the sayings of the seers. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>So Manasseh slept with his fathers, and they buried him in his own house: and Amon his son reigned in his stead. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Amon was two and twenty years old when he began to reign, and reigned two years in Jerusalem. <span class="ver">22</span>But he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORM
D, as did Manasseh his father: for Amon sacrificed unto all the carved images which Manasseh his father had made, and served them; <span class="ver">23</span>And humbled not himself before the LORD, as Manasseh his father had humbled himself; but Amon trespassed more and more. <span class="ver">24</span>And his servants conspired against him, and slew him in his own house. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>But the people of the land slew all them that had conspired against king Amon; and the people of the land mM
ade Josiah his son king in his stead.
<h2 id="c34">Chapter 34</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Josiah was eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem one and thirty years. <span class="ver">2</span>And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, and walked in the ways of David his father, and declined neither to the right hand, nor to the left. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>For in the eighth year of his reign, while he was yet young, he began to seek after the God of DM
avid his father: and in the twelfth year he began to purge Judah and Jerusalem from the high places, and the groves, and the carved images, and the molten images. <span class="ver">4</span>And they brake down the altars of Baalim in his presence; and the images, that were on high above them, he cut down; and the groves, and the carved images, and the molten images, he brake in pieces, and made dust of them, and strowed it upon the graves of them that had sacrificed unto them. <span class="ver">5</span>And he burnt M
the bones of the priests upon their altars, and cleansed Judah and Jerusalem. <span class="ver">6</span>And so did he in the cities of Manasseh, and Ephraim, and Simeon, even unto Naphtali, with their mattocks round about. <span class="ver">7</span>And when he had broken down the altars and the groves, and had beaten the graven images into powder, and cut down all the idols throughout all the land of Israel, he returned to Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Now in the eighteenth year of his reign, when M
he had purged the land, and the house, he sent Shaphan the son of Azaliah, and Maaseiah the governor of the city, and Joah the son of Joahaz the recorder, to repair the house of the LORD his God. <span class="ver">9</span>And when they came to Hilkiah the high priest, they delivered the money that was brought into the house of God, which the Levites that kept the doors had gathered of the hand of Manasseh and Ephraim, and of all the remnant of Israel, and of all Judah and Benjamin; and they returned to Jerusalem. <M
span class="ver">10</span>And they put it in the hand of the workmen that had the oversight of the house of the LORD, and they gave it to the workmen that wrought in the house of the LORD, to repair and amend the house: <span class="ver">11</span>Even to the artificers and builders gave they it, to buy hewn stone, and timber for couplings, and to floor the houses which the kings of Judah had destroyed. <span class="ver">12</span>And the men did the work faithfully: and the overseers of them were Jahath and Obadiah,M
the Levites, of the sons of Merari; and Zechariah and Meshullam, of the sons of the Kohathites, to set it forward; and other of the Levites, all that could skill of instruments of musick. <span class="ver">13</span>Also they were over the bearers of burdens, and were overseers of all that wrought the work in any manner of service: and of the Levites there were scribes, and officers, and porters. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And when they brought out the money that was brought into the house of the LORD, HiM
lkiah the priest found a book of the law of the LORD given by Moses. <span class="ver">15</span>And Hilkiah answered and said to Shaphan the scribe, I have found the book of the law in the house of the LORD. And Hilkiah delivered the book to Shaphan. <span class="ver">16</span>And Shaphan carried the book to the king, and brought the king word back again, saying, All that was committed to thy servants, they do it. <span class="ver">17</span>And they have gathered together the money that was found in the house of thM
e LORD, and have delivered it into the hand of the overseers, and to the hand of the workmen. <span class="ver">18</span>Then Shaphan the scribe told the king, saying, Hilkiah the priest hath given me a book. And Shaphan read it before the king. <span class="ver">19</span>And it came to pass, when the king had heard the words of the law, that he rent his clothes. <span class="ver">20</span>And the king commanded Hilkiah, and Ahikam the son of Shaphan, and Abdon the son of Micah, and Shaphan the scribe, and Asaiah aM
servant of the king
s, saying, <span class="ver">21</span>Go, enquire of the LORD for me, and for them that are left in Israel and in Judah, concerning the words of the book that is found: for great is the wrath of the LORD that is poured out upon us, because our fathers have not kept the word of the LORD, to do after all that is written in this book. <span class="ver">22</span>And Hilkiah, and they that the king had appointed, went to Huldah the prophetess, the wife of Shallum the son of Tikvath, the son of HasM
rah, keeper of the wardrobe; (now she dwelt in Jerusalem in the college:) and they spake to her to that effect. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And she answered them, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Tell ye the man that sent you to me, <span class="ver">24</span>Thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will bring evil upon this place, and upon the inhabitants thereof, even all the curses that are written in the book which they have read before the king of Judah: <span class="ver">25</span>Because they have forsaken mM
e, and have burned incense unto other gods, that they might provoke me to anger with all the works of their hands; therefore my wrath shall be poured out upon this place, and shall not be quenched. <span class="ver">26</span>And as for the king of Judah, who sent you to enquire of the LORD, so shall ye say unto him, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel concerning the words which thou hast heard; <span class="ver">27</span>Because thine heart was tender, and thou didst humble thyself before God, when thou heardest his M
words against this place, and against the inhabitants thereof, and humbledst thyself before me, and didst rend thy clothes, and weep before me; I have even heard thee also, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">28</span>Behold, I will gather thee to thy fathers, and thou shalt be gathered to thy grave in peace, neither shall thine eyes see all the evil that I will bring upon this place, and upon the inhabitants of the same. So they brought the king word again. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>Then the king sent andM
gathered together all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem. <span class="ver">30</span>And the king went up into the house of the LORD, and all the men of Judah, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and the priests, and the Levites, and all the people, great and small: and he read in their ears all the words of the book of the covenant that was found in the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">31</span>And the king stood in his place, and made a covenant before the LORD, to walk after the LORD, and to keep his commandmeM
nts, and his testimonies, and his statutes, with all his heart, and with all his soul, to perform the words of the covenant which are written in this book. <span class="ver">32</span>And he caused all that were present in Jerusalem and Benjamin to stand to it. And the inhabitants of Jerusalem did according to the covenant of God, the God of their fathers. <span class="ver">33</span>And Josiah took away all the abominations out of all the countries that pertained to the children of Israel, and made all that were preM
sent in Israel to serve, even to serve the LORD their God. And all his days they departed not from following the LORD, the God of their fathers.
<h2 id="c35">Chapter 35</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Moreover Josiah kept a passover unto the LORD in Jerusalem: and they killed the passover on the fourteenth day of the first month. <span class="ver">2</span>And he set the priests in their charges, and encouraged them to the service of the house of the LORD, <span class="ver">3</span>And said unto the Levites M
that taught all Israel, which were holy unto the LORD, Put the holy ark in the house which Solomon the son of David king of Israel did build; it shall not be a burden upon your shoulders: serve now the LORD your God, and his people Israel, <span class="ver">4</span>And prepare yourselves by the houses of your fathers, after your courses, according to the writing of David king of Israel, and according to the writing of Solomon his son. <span class="ver">5</span>And stand in the holy place according to the divisions M
of the families of the fathers of your brethren the people, and after the division of the families of the Levites. <span class="ver">6</span>So kill the passover, and sanctify yourselves, and prepare your brethren, that they may do according to the word of the LORD by the hand of Moses. <span class="ver">7</span>And Josiah gave to the people, of the flock, lambs and kids, all for the passover offerings, for all that were present, to the number of thirty thousand, and three thousand bullocks: these were of the king
s substance. <span class="ver">8</span>And his princes gave willingly unto the people, to the priests, and to the Levites: Hilkiah and Zechariah and Jehiel, rulers of the house of God, gave unto the priests for the passover offerings two thousand and six hundred small cattle, and three hundred oxen. <span class="ver">9</span>Conaniah also, and Shemaiah and Nethaneel, his brethren, and Hashabiah and Jeiel and Jozabad, chief of the Levites, gave unto the Levites for passover offerings five thousand small cattle, anM
d five hundred oxen. <span class="ver">10</span>So the service was prepared, and the priests stood in their place, and the Levites in their courses, according to the king
s commandment. <span class="ver">11</span>And they killed the passover, and the priests sprinkled the blood from their hands, and the Levites flayed them. <span class="ver">12</span>And they removed the burnt offerings, that they might give according to the divisions of the families of the people, to offer unto the LORD, as it is written in the M
book of Moses. And so did they with the oxen. <span class="ver">13</span>And they roasted the passover with fire according to the ordinance: but the other holy offerings sod they in pots, and in caldrons, and in pans, and divided them speedily among all the people. <span class="ver">14</span>And afterward they made ready for themselves, and for the priests: because the priests the sons of Aaron were busied in offering of burnt offerings and the fat until night; therefore the Levites prepared for themselves, and forM
the priests the sons of Aaron. <span class="ver">15</span>And the singers the sons of Asaph were in their place, according to the commandment of David, and Asaph, and Heman, and Jeduthun the king
s seer; and the porters waited at every gate; they might not depart from their service; for their brethren the Levites prepared for them. <span class="ver">16</span>So all the service of the LORD was prepared the same day, to keep the passover, and to offer burnt offerings upon the altar of the LORD, according to the coM
mmandment of king Josiah. <span class="ver">17</span>And the children of Israel that were present kept the passover at that time, and the feast of unleavened bread seven days. <span class="ver">18</span>And there was no passover like to that kept in Israel from the days of Samuel the prophet; neither did all the kings of Israel keep such a passover as Josiah kept, and the priests, and the Levites, and all Judah and Israel that were present, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem. <span class="ver">19</span>In the eighteeM
nth year of the reign of Josiah was this passover kept. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>After all this, when Josiah had prepared the temple, Necho king of Egypt came up to fight against Carchemish by Euphrates: and Josiah went out against him. <span class="ver">21</span>But he sent ambassadors to him, saying, What have I to do with thee, thou king of Judah? I come not against thee this day, but against the house wherewith I have war: for God commanded me to make haste: forbear thee from meddling with God, who M
is with me, that he destroy thee not. <span class="ver">22</span>Nevertheless Josiah would not turn his face from him, but disguised himself, that he might fight with him, and hearkened not unto the words of Necho from the mouth of God, and came to fight in the valley of Megiddo. <span class="ver">23</span>And the archers shot at king Josiah; and the king said to his servants, Have me away; for I am sore wounded. <span class="ver">24</span>His servants therefore took him out of that chariot, and put him in the secoM
nd chariot that he had; and they brought him to Jerusalem, and he died, and was buried in one of the sepulchres of his fathers. And all Judah and Jerusalem mourned for Josiah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And Jeremiah lamented for Josiah: and all the singing men and the singing women spake of Josiah in their lamentations to this day, and made them an ordinance in Israel: and, behold, they are written in the lamentations. <span class="ver">26</span>Now the rest of the acts of Josiah, and his goodness, accordM
ing to that which was written in the law of the LORD, <span class="ver">27</span>And his deeds, first and last, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah.
<h2 id="c36">Chapter 36</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then the people of the land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiah, and made him king in his father
s stead in Jerusalem. <span class="ver">2</span>Jehoahaz was twenty and three years old when he began to reign, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. <span class="ver">3</spaM
n>And the king of Egypt put him down at Jerusalem, and condemned the land in an hundred talents of silver and a talent of gold. <span class="ver">4</span>And the king of Egypt made Eliakim his brother king over Judah and Jerusalem, and turned his name to Jehoiakim. And Necho took Jehoahaz his brother, and carried him to Egypt. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Jehoiakim was twenty and five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem: and he did that which was evil in the sight of thM
e LORD his God. <span class="ver">6</span>Against him came up Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, and bound him in fetters, to carry him to Babylon. <span class="ver">7</span>Nebuchadnezzar also carried of the vessels of the house of the LORD to Babylon, and put them in his temple at Babylon. <span class="ver">8</span>Now the rest of the acts of Jehoiakim, and his abominations which he did, and that which was found in him, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah: and Jehoiachin his son reiM
gned in his stead. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Jehoiachin was eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned three months and ten days in Jerusalem: and he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD. <span class="ver">10</span>And when the year was expired, king Nebuchadnezzar sent, and brought him to Babylon, with the goodly vessels of the house of the LORD, and made Zedekiah his brother king over Judah and Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Zedekiah was one and twenty years old M
when he began to reign, and reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. <span class="ver">12</span>And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD his God, and humbled not himself before Jeremiah the prophet speaking from the mouth of the LORD. <span class="ver">13</span>And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the LORD God of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Moreover all the chief of the priests, M
and the people, transgressed very much after all the abominations of the heathen; and polluted the house of the LORD which he had hallowed in Jerusalem. <span class="ver">15</span>And the LORD God of their fathers sent to them by his messengers, rising up betimes, and sending; because he had compassion on his people, and on his dwelling place: <span class="ver">16</span>But they mocked the messengers of God, and despised his words, and misused his prophets, until the wrath of the LORD arose against his people, tillM
there was no remedy. <span class="ver">17</span>Therefore he brought upon them the king of the Chaldees, who slew their young men with the sword in the house of their sanctuary, and had no compassion upon young man or maiden, old man, or him that stooped for age: he gave them all into his hand. <span class="ver">18</span>And all the vessels of the house of God, great and small, and the treasures of the house of the LORD, and the treasures of the king, and of his princes; all these he brought to Babylon. <span clasM
s="ver">19</span>And they burnt the house of God, and brake down the wall of Jerusalem, and burnt all the palaces thereof with fire, and destroyed all the goodly vessels thereof. <span class="ver">20</span>And them that had escaped from the sword carried he away to Babylon; where they were servants to him and his sons until the reign of the kingdom of Persia: <span class="ver">21</span>To fulfil the word of the LORD by the mouth of Jeremiah, until the land had enjoyed her sabbaths: for as long as she lay desolate sM
he kept sabbath, to fulfil threescore and ten years. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of the LORD spoken by the mouth of Jeremiah might be accomplished, the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying, <span class="ver">23</span>Thus saith Cyrus king of Persia, All the kingdoms of the earth hath the LORD God of heaven given me; and he hath charged me to M
build him an house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Who is there among you of all his people? The LORD his God be with him, and let him go up. </p>
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<span>THE FOURTH BOOK OF MOSES, CALLED</span>
<div class="content-table">
<h2>Contents</h2>
href="#c1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="#c10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="#c11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="#c12">12</a></li>
<li><a href="#c13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="#c14">14</a></li>
<li><a href="#c15">15</a></li>
a href="#c16">16</a></li>
<li><a href="#c17">17</a></li>
<li><a href="#c18">18</a></li>
<li><a href="#c19">19</a></li>
<li><a href="#c20">20</a></li>
<li><a href="#c21">21</a></li>
<li><a href="#c22">22</a></li>
<li><a href="#c23">23</a></li>
<li><a href="#c24">24</a></li>
<li><a href="#c25">25</a></li>
<li><a href="#c26">26</a></li>
<li><a href="#c27">27</a></li>
<li><a href="#c28">28</a></li>
<li><a href="#c29">29</a></li>
<li><a href="#c30">30M
<li><a href="#c31">31</a></li>
<li><a href="#c32">32</a></li>
<li><a href="#c33">33</a></li>
<li><a href="#c34">34</a></li>
<li><a href="#c35">35</a></li>
<li><a href="#c36">36</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the tabernacle of the congregation, on the first day of the second month, in the second year after they were come out of the land of Egypt, saying, <spM
an class="ver">2</span>Take ye the sum of all the congregation of the children of Israel, after their families, by the house of their fathers, with the number of their names, every male by their polls; <span class="ver">3</span>From twenty years old and upward, all that are able to go forth to war in Israel: thou and Aaron shall number them by their armies. <span class="ver">4</span>And with you there shall be a man of every tribe; every one head of the house of his fathers. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And M
these are the names of the men that shall stand with you: of the tribe of Reuben; Elizur the son of Shedeur. <span class="ver">6</span>Of Simeon; Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai. <span class="ver">7</span>Of Judah; Nahshon the son of Amminadab. <span class="ver">8</span>Of Issachar; Nethaneel the son of Zuar. <span class="ver">9</span>Of Zebulun; Eliab the son of Helon. <span class="ver">10</span>Of the children of Joseph: of Ephraim; Elishama the son of Ammihud: of Manasseh; Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur. <span clM
ass="ver">11</span>Of Benjamin; Abidan the son of Gideoni. <span class="ver">12</span>Of Dan; Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai. <span class="ver">13</span>Of Asher; Pagiel the son of Ocran. <span class="ver">14</span>Of Gad; Eliasaph the son of Deuel. <span class="ver">15</span>Of Naphtali; Ahira the son of Enan. <span class="ver">16</span>These were the renowned of the congregation, princes of the tribes of their fathers, heads of thousands in Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And Moses and Aaron took thM
ese men which are expressed by their names: <span class="ver">18</span>And they assembled all the congregation together on the first day of the second month, and they declared their pedigrees after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, by their polls. <span class="ver">19</span>As the LORD commanded Moses, so he numbered them in the wilderness of Sinai. <span class="ver">20</span>And the children of Reuben, Israel
s eldest son, by thM
eir generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, by their polls, every male from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war; <span class="ver">21</span>Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Reuben, were forty and six thousand and five hundred. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Of the children of Simeon, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, those that were numbered of them, accM
ording to the number of the names, by their polls, every male from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war; <span class="ver">23</span>Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Simeon, were fifty and nine thousand and three hundred. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>Of the children of Gad, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war; M
<span class="ver">25</span>Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Gad, were forty and five thousand six hundred and fifty. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>Of the children of Judah, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war; <span class="ver">27</span>Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Judah, were threescore and fourteen thousand and sM
<p><span class="ver">28</span>Of the children of Issachar, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war; <span class="ver">29</span>Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Issachar, were fifty and four thousand and four hundred. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>Of the children of Zebulun, by their generations, after their families, by the hM
ouse of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war; <span class="ver">31</span>Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Zebulun, were fifty and seven thousand and four hundred. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>Of the children of Joseph, namely, of the children of Ephraim, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, M
all that were able to go forth to war; <span class="ver">33</span>Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Ephraim, were forty thousand and five hundred. </p>
<p><span class="ver">34</span>Of the children of Manasseh, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war; <span class="ver">35</span>Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Manasseh, were thiM
rty and two thousand and two hundred. </p>
<p><span class="ver">36</span>Of the children of Benjamin, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war; <span class="ver">37</span>Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Benjamin, were thirty and five thousand and four hundred. </p>
<p><span class="ver">38</span>Of the children of Dan, by their generations, after tM
heir families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war; <span class="ver">39</span>Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Dan, were threescore and two thousand and seven hundred. </p>
<p><span class="ver">40</span>Of the children of Asher, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were M
able to go forth to war; <span class="ver">41</span>Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Asher, were forty and one thousand and five hundred. </p>
<p><span class="ver">42</span>Of the children of Naphtali, throughout their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war; <span class="ver">43</span>Those that were numbered of them, even of the tribe of Naphtali, were fifM
ty and three thousand and four hundred. <span class="ver">44</span>These are those that were numbered, which Moses and Aaron numbered, and the princes of Israel, being twelve men: each one was for the house of his fathers. <span class="ver">45</span>So were all those that were numbered of the children of Israel, by the house of their fathers, from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war in Israel; <span class="ver">46</span>Even all they that were numbered were six hundred thousand and thM
ree thousand and five hundred and fifty. </p>
<p><span class="ver">47</span>But the Levites after the tribe of their fathers were not numbered among them. <span class="ver">48</span>For the LORD had spoken unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">49</span>Only thou shalt not number the tribe of Levi, neither take the sum of them among the children of Israel: <span class="ver">50</span>But thou shalt appoint the Levites over the tabernacle of testimony, and over all the vessels thereof, and over all things that belonM
g to it: they shall bear the tabernacle, and all the vessels thereof; and they shall minister unto it, and shall encamp round about the tabernacle. <span class="ver">51</span>And when the tabernacle setteth forward, the Levites shall take it down: and when the tabernacle is to be pitched, the Levites shall set it up: and the stranger that cometh nigh shall be put to death. <span class="ver">52</span>And the children of Israel shall pitch their tents, every man by his own camp, and every man by his own standard, thrM
oughout their hosts. <span class="ver">53</span>But the Levites shall pitch round about the tabernacle of testimony, that there be no wrath upon the congregation of the children of Israel: and the Levites shall keep the charge of the tabernacle of testimony. <span class="ver">54</span>And the children of Israel did according to all that the LORD commanded Moses, so did they.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>M
Every man of the children of Israel shall pitch by his own standard, with the ensign of their father
s house: far off about the tabernacle of the congregation shall they pitch. <span class="ver">3</span>And on the east side toward the rising of the sun shall they of the standard of the camp of Judah pitch throughout their armies: and Nahshon the son of Amminadab shall be captain of the children of Judah. <span class="ver">4</span>And his host, and those that were numbered of them, were threescore and fourteen thoM
usand and six hundred. <span class="ver">5</span>And those that do pitch next unto him shall be the tribe of Issachar: and Nethaneel the son of Zuar shall be captain of the children of Issachar. <span class="ver">6</span>And his host, and those that were numbered thereof, were fifty and four thousand and four hundred. <span class="ver">7</span>Then the tribe of Zebulun: and Eliab the son of Helon shall be captain of the children of Zebulun. <span class="ver">8</span>And his host, and those that were numbered thereoM
f, were fifty and seven thousand and four hundred. <span class="ver">9</span>All that were numbered in the camp of Judah were an hundred thousand and fourscore thousand and six thousand and four hundred, throughout their armies. These shall first set forth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>On the south side shall be the standard of the camp of Reuben according to their armies: and the captain of the children of Reuben shall be Elizur the son of Shedeur. <span class="ver">11</span>And his host, and those that weM
re numbered thereof, were forty and six thousand and five hundred. <span class="ver">12</span>And those which pitch by him shall be the tribe of Simeon: and the captain of the children of Simeon shall be Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai. <span class="ver">13</span>And his host, and those that were numbered of them, were fifty and nine thousand and three hundred. <span class="ver">14</span>Then the tribe of Gad: and the captain of the sons of Gad shall be Eliasaph the son of Reuel. <span class="ver">15</span>And hisM
host, and those that were numbered of them, were forty and five thousand and six hundred and fifty. <span class="ver">16</span>All that were numbered in the camp of Reuben were an hundred thousand and fifty and one thousand and four hundred and fifty, throughout their armies. And they shall set forth in the second rank. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Then the tabernacle of the congregation shall set forward with the camp of the Levites in the midst of the camp: as they encamp, so shall they set forward, everM
y man in his place by their standards. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>On the west side shall be the standard of the camp of Ephraim according to their armies: and the captain of the sons of Ephraim shall be Elishama the son of Ammihud. <span class="ver">19</span>And his host, and those that were numbered of them, were forty thousand and five hundred. <span class="ver">20</span>And by him shall be the tribe of Manasseh: and the captain of the children of Manasseh shall be Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur. <span clM
ass="ver">21</span>And his host, and those that were numbered of them, were thirty and two thousand and two hundred. <span class="ver">22</span>Then the tribe of Benjamin: and the captain of the sons of Benjamin shall be Abidan the son of Gideoni. <span class="ver">23</span>And his host, and those that were numbered of them, were thirty and five thousand and four hundred. <span class="ver">24</span>All that were numbered of the camp of Ephraim were an hundred thousand and eight thousand and an hundred, throughout tM
heir armies. And they shall go forward in the third rank. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>The standard of the camp of Dan shall be on the north side by their armies: and the captain of the children of Dan shall be Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai. <span class="ver">26</span>And his host, and those that were numbered of them, were threescore and two thousand and seven hundred. <span class="ver">27</span>And those that encamp by him shall be the tribe of Asher: and the captain of the children of Asher shall be PagM
iel the son of Ocran. <span class="ver">28</span>And his host, and those that were numbered of them, were forty and one thousand and five hundred. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>Then the tribe of Naphtali: and the captain of the children of Naphtali shall be Ahira the son of Enan. <span class="ver">30</span>And his host, and those that were numbered of them, were fifty and three thousand and four hundred. <span class="ver">31</span>All they that were numbered in the camp of Dan were an hundred thousand and fiM
fty and seven thousand and six hundred. They shall go hindmost with their standards. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>These are those which were numbered of the children of Israel by the house of their fathers: all those that were numbered of the camps throughout their hosts were six hundred thousand and three thousand and five hundred and fifty. <span class="ver">33</span>But the Levites were not numbered among the children of Israel; as the LORD commanded Moses. <span class="ver">34</span>And the children of M
Israel did according to all that the LORD commanded Moses: so they pitched by their standards, and so they set forward, every one after their families, according to the house of their fathers.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>These also are the generations of Aaron and Moses in the day that the LORD spake with Moses in mount Sinai. <span class="ver">2</span>And these are the names of the sons of Aaron; Nadab the firstborn, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. <span class="ver">3</span>TheseM
are the names of the sons of Aaron, the priests which were anointed, whom he consecrated to minister in the priest
s office. <span class="ver">4</span>And Nadab and Abihu died before the LORD, when they offered strange fire before the LORD, in the wilderness of Sinai, and they had no children: and Eleazar and Ithamar ministered in the priest
s office in the sight of Aaron their father. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">6</span>Bring the tribe of Levi nM
ear, and present them before Aaron the priest, that they may minister unto him. <span class="ver">7</span>And they shall keep his charge, and the charge of the whole congregation before the tabernacle of the congregation, to do the service of the tabernacle. <span class="ver">8</span>And they shall keep all the instruments of the tabernacle of the congregation, and the charge of the children of Israel, to do the service of the tabernacle. <span class="ver">9</span>And thou shalt give the Levites unto Aaron and to hM
is sons: they are wholly given unto him out of the children of Israel. <span class="ver">10</span>And thou shalt appoint Aaron and his sons, and they shall wait on their priest
s office: and the stranger that cometh nigh shall be put to death. <span class="ver">11</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">12</span>And I, behold, I have taken the Levites from among the children of Israel instead of all the firstborn that openeth the matrix among the children of Israel: therefore the Levites shM
all be mine; <span class="ver">13</span>Because all the firstborn are mine; for on the day that I smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt I hallowed unto me all the firstborn in Israel, both man and beast: mine shall they be: I am the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, saying, <span class="ver">15</span>Number the children of Levi after the house of their fathers, by their families: every male from a month old and upward shalt thou number them. M
<span class="ver">16</span>And Moses numbered them according to the word of the LORD, as he was commanded. <span class="ver">17</span>And these were the sons of Levi by their names; Gershon, and Kohath, and Merari. <span class="ver">18</span>And these are the names of the sons of Gershon by their families; Libni, and Shimei. <span class="ver">19</span>And the sons of Kohath by their families; Amram, and Izehar, Hebron, and Uzziel. <span class="ver">20</span>And the sons of Merari by their families; Mahli, and MushiM
. These are the families of the Levites according to the house of their fathers. <span class="ver">21</span>Of Gershon was the family of the Libnites, and the family of the Shimites: these are the families of the Gershonites. <span class="ver">22</span>Those that were numbered of them, according to the number of all the males, from a month old and upward, even those that were numbered of them were seven thousand and five hundred. <span class="ver">23</span>The families of the Gershonites shall pitch behind the tabM
ernacle westward. <span class="ver">24</span>And the chief of the house of the father of the Gershonites shall be Eliasaph the son of Lael. <span class="ver">25</span>And the charge of the sons of Gershon in the tabernacle of the congregation shall be the tabernacle, and the tent, the covering thereof, and the hanging for the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, <span class="ver">26</span>And the hangings of the court, and the curtain for the door of the court, which is by the tabernacle, and by the altar roM
und about, and the cords of it for all the service thereof. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>And of Kohath was the family of the Amramites, and the family of the Izeharites, and the family of the Hebronites, and the family of the Uzzielites: these are the families of the Kohathites. <span class="ver">28</span>In the number of all the males, from a month old and upward, were eight thousand and six hundred, keeping the charge of the sanctuary. <span class="ver">29</span>The families of the sons of Kohath shall piM
tch on the side of the tabernacle southward. <span class="ver">30</span>And the chief of the house of the father of the families of the Kohathites shall be Elizaphan the son of Uzziel. <span class="ver">31</span>And their charge shall be the ark, and the table, and the candlestick, and the altars, and the vessels of the sanctuary wherewith they minister, and the hanging, and all the service thereof. <span class="ver">32</span>And Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest shall be chief over the chief of the Levites, and M
have the oversight of them that keep the charge of the sanctuary. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>Of Merari was the family of the Mahlites, and the family of the Mushites: these are the families of Merari. <span class="ver">34</span>And those that were numbered of them, according to the number of all the males, from a month old and upward, were six thousand and two hundred. <span class="ver">35</span>And the chief of the house of the father of the families of Merari was Zuriel the son of Abihail: these shall pM
itch on the side of the tabernacle northward. <span class="ver">36</span>And under the custody and charge of the sons of Merari shall be the boards of the tabernacle, and the bars thereof, and the pillars thereof, and the sockets thereof, and all the vessels thereof, and all that serveth thereto, <span class="ver">37</span>And the pillars of the court round about, and their sockets, and their pins, and their cords. </p>
<p><span class="ver">38</span>But those that encamp before the tabernacle toward the east, eveM
n before the tabernacle of the congregation eastward, shall be Moses, and Aaron and his sons, keeping the charge of the sanctuary for the charge of the children of Israel; and the stranger that cometh nigh shall be put to death. <span class="ver">39</span>All that were numbered of the Levites, which Moses and Aaron numbered at the commandment of the LORD, throughout their families, all the males from a month old and upward, were twenty and two thousand. </p>
<p><span class="ver">40</span>And the LORD said unto MoM
ses, Number all the firstborn of the males of the children of Israel from a month old and upward, and take the number of their names. <span class="ver">41</span>And thou shalt take the Levites for me (I am the LORD) instead of all the firstborn among the children of Israel; and the cattle of the Levites instead of all the firstlings among the cattle of the children of Israel. <span class="ver">42</span>And Moses numbered, as the LORD commanded him, all the firstborn among the children of Israel. <span class="ver">4M
3</span>And all the firstborn males by the number of names, from a month old and upward, of those that were numbered of them, were twenty and two thousand two hundred and threescore and thirteen. </p>
<p><span class="ver">44</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">45</span>Take the Levites instead of all the firstborn among the children of Israel, and the cattle of the Levites instead of their cattle; and the Levites shall be mine: I am the LORD. <span class="ver">46</span>And for those thaM
t are to be redeemed of the two hundred and threescore and thirteen of the firstborn of the children of Israel, which are more than the Levites; <span class="ver">47</span>Thou shalt even take five shekels apiece by the poll, after the shekel of the sanctuary shalt thou take them: (the shekel is twenty gerahs:) <span class="ver">48</span>And thou shalt give the money, wherewith the odd number of them is to be redeemed, unto Aaron and to his sons. <span class="ver">49</span>And Moses took the redemption money of theM
m that were over and above them that were redeemed by the Levites: <span class="ver">50</span>Of the firstborn of the children of Israel took he the money; a thousand three hundred and threescore and five shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary: <span class="ver">51</span>And Moses gave the money of them that were redeemed unto Aaron and to his sons, according to the word of the LORD, as the LORD commanded Moses.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses and untoM
Aaron, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Take the sum of the sons of Kohath from among the sons of Levi, after their families, by the house of their fathers, <span class="ver">3</span>From thirty years old and upward even until fifty years old, all that enter into the host, to do the work in the tabernacle of the congregation. <span class="ver">4</span>This shall be the service of the sons of Kohath in the tabernacle of the congregation, about the most holy things: </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And when the M
camp setteth forward, Aaron shall come, and his sons, and they shall take down the covering vail, and cover the ark of testimony with it: <span class="ver">6</span>And shall put thereon the covering of badgers
skins, and shall spread over it a cloth wholly of blue, and shall put in the staves thereof. <span class="ver">7</span>And upon the table of shewbread they shall spread a cloth of blue, and put thereon the dishes, and the spoons, and the bowls, and covers to cover withal: and the continual bread shall be tM
hereon: <span class="ver">8</span>And they shall spread upon them a cloth of scarlet, and cover the same with a covering of badgers
skins, and shall put in the staves thereof. <span class="ver">9</span>And they shall take a cloth of blue, and cover the candlestick of the light, and his lamps, and his tongs, and his snuffdishes, and all the oil vessels thereof, wherewith they minister unto it: <span class="ver">10</span>And they shall put it and all the vessels thereof within a covering of badgers
hall put it upon a bar. <span class="ver">11</span>And upon the golden altar they shall spread a cloth of blue, and cover it with a covering of badgers
skins, and shall put to the staves thereof: <span class="ver">12</span>And they shall take all the instruments of ministry, wherewith they minister in the sanctuary, and put them in a cloth of blue, and cover them with a covering of badgers
skins, and shall put them on a bar: <span class="ver">13</span>And they shall take away the ashes from the altar, and sprM
ead a purple cloth thereon: <span class="ver">14</span>And they shall put upon it all the vessels thereof, wherewith they minister about it, even the censers, the fleshhooks, and the shovels, and the basons, all the vessels of the altar; and they shall spread upon it a covering of badgers
skins, and put to the staves of it. <span class="ver">15</span>And when Aaron and his sons have made an end of covering the sanctuary, and all the vessels of the sanctuary, as the camp is to set forward; after that, the sons ofM
Kohath shall come to bear it: but they shall not touch any holy thing, lest they die. These things are the burden of the sons of Kohath in the tabernacle of the congregation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And to the office of Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest pertaineth the oil for the light, and the sweet incense, and the daily meat offering, and the anointing oil, and the oversight of all the tabernacle, and of all that therein is, in the sanctuary, and in the vessels thereof. </p>
<p><span class="verM
">17</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying, <span class="ver">18</span>Cut ye not off the tribe of the families of the Kohathites from among the Levites: <span class="ver">19</span>But thus do unto them, that they may live, and not die, when they approach unto the most holy things: Aaron and his sons shall go in, and appoint them every one to his service and to his burden: <span class="ver">20</span>But they shall not go in to see when the holy things are covered, lest they die. </p>
class="ver">21</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">22</span>Take also the sum of the sons of Gershon, throughout the houses of their fathers, by their families; <span class="ver">23</span>From thirty years old and upward until fifty years old shalt thou number them; all that enter in to perform the service, to do the work in the tabernacle of the congregation. <span class="ver">24</span>This is the service of the families of the Gershonites, to serve, and for burdens: <span class="ver">2M
5</span>And they shall bear the curtains of the tabernacle, and the tabernacle of the congregation, his covering, and the covering of the badgers
skins that is above upon it, and the hanging for the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, <span class="ver">26</span>And the hangings of the court, and the hanging for the door of the gate of the court, which is by the tabernacle and by the altar round about, and their cords, and all the instruments of their service, and all that is made for them: so shall they M
serve. <span class="ver">27</span>At the appointment of Aaron and his sons shall be all the service of the sons of the Gershonites, in all their burdens, and in all their service: and ye shall appoint unto them in charge all their burdens. <span class="ver">28</span>This is the service of the families of the sons of Gershon in the tabernacle of the congregation: and their charge shall be under the hand of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>As for the sons of Merari, thou shaltM
number them after their families, by the house of their fathers; <span class="ver">30</span>From thirty years old and upward even unto fifty years old shalt thou number them, every one that entereth into the service, to do the work of the tabernacle of the congregation. <span class="ver">31</span>And this is the charge of their burden, according to all their service in the tabernacle of the congregation; the boards of the tabernacle, and the bars thereof, and the pillars thereof, and sockets thereof, <span class="M
ver">32</span>And the pillars of the court round about, and their sockets, and their pins, and their cords, with all their instruments, and with all their service: and by name ye shall reckon the instruments of the charge of their burden. <span class="ver">33</span>This is the service of the families of the sons of Merari, according to all their service, in the tabernacle of the congregation, under the hand of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest. </p>
<p><span class="ver">34</span>And Moses and Aaron and the chieM
f of the congregation numbered the sons of the Kohathites after their families, and after the house of their fathers, <span class="ver">35</span>From thirty years old and upward even unto fifty years old, every one that entereth into the service, for the work in the tabernacle of the congregation: <span class="ver">36</span>And those that were numbered of them by their families were two thousand seven hundred and fifty. <span class="ver">37</span>These were they that were numbered of the families of the Kohathites,M
all that might do service in the tabernacle of the congregation, which Moses and Aaron did number according to the commandment of the LORD by the hand of Moses. <span class="ver">38</span>And those that were numbered of the sons of Gershon, throughout their families, and by the house of their fathers, <span class="ver">39</span>From thirty years old and upward even unto fifty years old, every one that entereth into the service, for the work in the tabernacle of the congregation, <span class="ver">40</span>Even thoM
se that were numbered of them, throughout their families, by the house of their fathers, were two thousand and six hundred and thirty. <span class="ver">41</span>These are they that were numbered of the families of the sons of Gershon, of all that might do service in the tabernacle of the congregation, whom Moses and Aaron did number according to the commandment of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">42</span>And those that were numbered of the families of the sons of Merari, throughout their families, by the houM
se of their fathers, <span class="ver">43</span>From thirty years old and upward even unto fifty years old, every one that entereth into the service, for the work in the tabernacle of the congregation, <span class="ver">44</span>Even those that were numbered of them after their families, were three thousand and two hundred. <span class="ver">45</span>These be those that were numbered of the families of the sons of Merari, whom Moses and Aaron numbered according to the word of the LORD by the hand of Moses. <span clM
ass="ver">46</span>All those that were numbered of the Levites, whom Moses and Aaron and the chief of Israel numbered, after their families, and after the house of their fathers, <span class="ver">47</span>From thirty years old and upward even unto fifty years old, every one that came to do the service of the ministry, and the service of the burden in the tabernacle of the congregation, <span class="ver">48</span>Even those that were numbered of them, were eight thousand and five hundred and fourscore. <span class=M
"ver">49</span>According to the commandment of the LORD they were numbered by the hand of Moses, every one according to his service, and according to his burden: thus were they numbered of him, as the LORD commanded Moses.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Command the children of Israel, that they put out of the camp every leper, and every one that hath an issue, and whosoever is defiled by the dead: <span class="ver">3</spM
an>Both male and female shall ye put out, without the camp shall ye put them; that they defile not their camps, in the midst whereof I dwell. <span class="ver">4</span>And the children of Israel did so, and put them out without the camp: as the LORD spake unto Moses, so did the children of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">6</span>Speak unto the children of Israel, When a man or woman shall commit any sin that men commit, to do a trespass against thM
e LORD, and that person be guilty; <span class="ver">7</span>Then they shall confess their sin which they have done: and he shall recompense his trespass with the principal thereof, and add unto it the fifth part thereof, and give it unto him against whom he hath trespassed. <span class="ver">8</span>But if the man have no kinsman to recompense the trespass unto, let the trespass be recompensed unto the LORD, even to the priest; beside the ram of the atonement, whereby an atonement shall be made for him. <span clasM
s="ver">9</span>And every offering of all the holy things of the children of Israel, which they bring unto the priest, shall be his. <span class="ver">10</span>And every man
s hallowed things shall be his: whatsoever any man giveth the priest, it shall be his. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">12</span>Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, If any man
s wife go aside, and commit a trespass against him, <span class="ver">13</span>And a maM
n lie with her carnally, and it be hid from the eyes of her husband, and be kept close, and she be defiled, and there be no witness against her, neither she be taken with the manner; <span class="ver">14</span>And the spirit of jealousy come upon him, and he be jealous of his wife, and she be defiled: or if the spirit of jealousy come upon him, and he be jealous of his wife, and she be not defiled: <span class="ver">15</span>Then shall the man bring his wife unto the priest, and he shall bring her offering for her,M
the tenth part of an ephah of barley meal; he shall pour no oil upon it, nor put frankincense thereon; for it is an offering of jealousy, an offering of memorial, bringing iniquity to remembrance. <span class="ver">16</span>And the priest shall bring her near, and set her before the LORD: <span class="ver">17</span>And the priest shall take holy water in an earthen vessel; and of the dust that is in the floor of the tabernacle the priest shall take, and put it into the water: <span class="ver">18</span>And the priM
est shall set the woman before the LORD, and uncover the woman
s head, and put the offering of memorial in her hands, which is the jealousy offering: and the priest shall have in his hand the bitter water that causeth the curse: <span class="ver">19</span>And the priest shall charge her by an oath, and say unto the woman, If no man have lain with thee, and if thou hast not gone aside to uncleanness with another instead of thy husband, be thou free from this bitter water that causeth the curse: <span class="ver">2M
0</span>But if thou hast gone aside to another instead of thy husband, and if thou be defiled, and some man have lain with thee beside thine husband: <span class="ver">21</span>Then the priest shall charge the woman with an oath of cursing, and the priest shall say unto the woman, The LORD make thee a curse and an oath among thy people, when the LORD doth make thy thigh to rot, and thy belly to swell; <span class="ver">22</span>And this water that causeth the curse shall go into thy bowels, to make thy belly to sweM
ll, and thy thigh to rot: And the woman shall say, Amen, amen. <span class="ver">23</span>And the priest shall write these curses in a book, and he shall blot them out with the bitter water: <span class="ver">24</span>And he shall cause the woman to drink the bitter water that causeth the curse: and the water that causeth the curse shall enter into her, and become bitter. <span class="ver">25</span>Then the priest shall take the jealousy offering out of the woman
s hand, and shall wave the offering before the LORM
D, and offer it upon the altar: <span class="ver">26</span>And the priest shall take an handful of the offering, even the memorial thereof, and burn it upon the altar, and afterward shall cause the woman to drink the water. <span class="ver">27</span>And when he hath made her to drink the water, then it shall come to pass, that, if she be defiled, and have done trespass against her husband, that the water that causeth the curse shall enter into her, and become bitter, and her belly shall swell, and her thigh shall M
rot: and the woman shall be a curse among her people. <span class="ver">28</span>And if the woman be not defiled, but be clean; then she shall be free, and shall conceive seed. <span class="ver">29</span>This is the law of jealousies, when a wife goeth aside to another instead of her husband, and is defiled; <span class="ver">30</span>Or when the spirit of jealousy cometh upon him, and he be jealous over his wife, and shall set the woman before the LORD, and the priest shall execute upon her all this law. <span claM
ss="ver">31</span>Then shall the man be guiltless from iniquity, and this woman shall bear her iniquity.
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When either man or woman shall separate themselves to vow a vow of a Nazarite, to separate themselves unto the LORD: <span class="ver">3</span>He shall separate himself from wine and strong drink, and shall drink no vinegar of wine, oM
r vinegar of strong drink, neither shall he drink any liquor of grapes, nor eat moist grapes, or dried. <span class="ver">4</span>All the days of his separation shall he eat nothing that is made of the vine tree, from the kernels even to the husk. <span class="ver">5</span>All the days of the vow of his separation there shall no razor come upon his head: until the days be fulfilled, in the which he separateth himself unto the LORD, he shall be holy, and shall let the locks of the hair of his head grow. <span class=M
"ver">6</span>All the days that he separateth himself unto the LORD he shall come at no dead body. <span class="ver">7</span>He shall not make himself unclean for his father, or for his mother, for his brother, or for his sister, when they die: because the consecration of his God is upon his head. <span class="ver">8</span>All the days of his separation he is holy unto the LORD. <span class="ver">9</span>And if any man die very suddenly by him, and he hath defiled the head of his consecration; then he shall shave hM
is head in the day of his cleansing, on the seventh day shall he shave it. <span class="ver">10</span>And on the eighth day he shall bring two turtles, or two young pigeons, to the priest, to the door of the tabernacle of the congregation: <span class="ver">11</span>And the priest shall offer the one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering, and make an atonement for him, for that he sinned by the dead, and shall hallow his head that same day. <span class="ver">12</span>And he shall consecrate unto thM
e LORD the days of his separation, and shall bring a lamb of the first year for a trespass offering: but the days that were before shall be lost, because his separation was defiled. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And this is the law of the Nazarite, when the days of his separation are fulfilled: he shall be brought unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation: <span class="ver">14</span>And he shall offer his offering unto the LORD, one he lamb of the first year without blemish for a burnt offering, anM
d one ewe lamb of the first year without blemish for a sin offering, and one ram without blemish for peace offerings, <span class="ver">15</span>And a basket of unleavened bread, cakes of fine flour mingled with oil, and wafers of unleavened bread anointed with oil, and their meat offering, and their drink offerings. <span class="ver">16</span>And the priest shall bring them before the LORD, and shall offer his sin offering, and his burnt offering: <span class="ver">17</span>And he shall offer the ram for a sacrifiM
ce of peace offerings unto the LORD, with the basket of unleavened bread: the priest shall offer also his meat offering, and his drink offering. <span class="ver">18</span>And the Nazarite shall shave the head of his separation at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and shall take the hair of the head of his separation, and put it in the fire which is under the sacrifice of the peace offerings. <span class="ver">19</span>And the priest shall take the sodden shoulder of the ram, and one unleavened cake oM
ut of the basket, and one unleavened wafer, and shall put them upon the hands of the Nazarite, after the hair of his separation is shaven: <span class="ver">20</span>And the priest shall wave them for a wave offering before the LORD: this is holy for the priest, with the wave breast and heave shoulder: and after that the Nazarite may drink wine. <span class="ver">21</span>This is the law of the Nazarite who hath vowed, and of his offering unto the LORD for his separation, beside that that his hand shall get: accordM
ing to the vow which he vowed, so he must do after the law of his separation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">23</span>Speak unto Aaron and unto his sons, saying, On this wise ye shall bless the children of Israel, saying unto them, <span class="ver">24</span>The LORD bless thee, and keep thee: <span class="ver">25</span>The LORD make his face shine upon thee, and be gracious unto thee: <span class="ver">26</span>The LORD lift up his countenance upon theM
e, and give thee peace. <span class="ver">27</span>And they shall put my name upon the children of Israel; and I will bless them.
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass on the day that Moses had fully set up the tabernacle, and had anointed it, and sanctified it, and all the instruments thereof, both the altar and all the vessels thereof, and had anointed them, and sanctified them; <span class="ver">2</span>That the princes of Israel, heads of the house of their fathers, wM
ho were the princes of the tribes, and were over them that were numbered, offered: <span class="ver">3</span>And they brought their offering before the LORD, six covered wagons, and twelve oxen; a wagon for two of the princes, and for each one an ox: and they brought them before the tabernacle. <span class="ver">4</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">5</span>Take it of them, that they may be to do the service of the tabernacle of the congregation; and thou shalt give them unto the Levites,M
to every man according to his service. <span class="ver">6</span>And Moses took the wagons and the oxen, and gave them unto the Levites. <span class="ver">7</span>Two wagons and four oxen he gave unto the sons of Gershon, according to their service: <span class="ver">8</span>And four wagons and eight oxen he gave unto the sons of Merari, according unto their service, under the hand of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest. <span class="ver">9</span>But unto the sons of Kohath he gave none: because the service of theM
sanctuary belonging unto them was that they should bear upon their shoulders. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And the princes offered for dedicating of the altar in the day that it was anointed, even the princes offered their offering before the altar. <span class="ver">11</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, They shall offer their offering, each prince on his day, for the dedicating of the altar. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And he that offered his offering the first day was Nahshon the son of AmminadM
ab, of the tribe of Judah: <span class="ver">13</span>And his offering was one silver charger, the weight thereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them were full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering: <span class="ver">14</span>One spoon of ten shekels of gold, full of incense: <span class="ver">15</span>One young bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering: <span class="ver">16</span>One kid of the M
goats for a sin offering: <span class="ver">17</span>And for a sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first year: this was the offering of Nahshon the son of Amminadab. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>On the second day Nethaneel the son of Zuar, prince of Issachar, did offer: <span class="ver">19</span>He offered for his offering one silver charger, the weight whereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sancM
tuary; both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering: <span class="ver">20</span>One spoon of gold of ten shekels, full of incense: <span class="ver">21</span>One young bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering: <span class="ver">22</span>One kid of the goats for a sin offering: <span class="ver">23</span>And for a sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first year: this was the offering of Nethaneel the son of Zuar. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>On the third day Eliab the son of Helon, prince of the children of Zebulun, did offer: <span class="ver">25</span>His offering was one silver charger, the weight whereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering: <span class="ver">26</span>One golden spoon of ten shekels, full of incense: <span class="ver">27</span>One young bullock, one ram, one lamb of M
the first year, for a burnt offering: <span class="ver">28</span>One kid of the goats for a sin offering: <span class="ver">29</span>And for a sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first year: this was the offering of Eliab the son of Helon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>On the fourth day Elizur the son of Shedeur, prince of the children of Reuben, did offer: <span class="ver">31</span>His offering was one silver charger of the weight of an hundred and thirty sheM
kels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering: <span class="ver">32</span>One golden spoon of ten shekels, full of incense: <span class="ver">33</span>One young bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering: <span class="ver">34</span>One kid of the goats for a sin offering: <span class="ver">35</span>And for a sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the fiM
rst year: this was the offering of Elizur the son of Shedeur. </p>
<p><span class="ver">36</span>On the fifth day Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai, prince of the children of Simeon, did offer: <span class="ver">37</span>His offering was one silver charger, the weight whereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering: <span class="ver">38</span>One golden spoon of ten shekels, full oM
f incense: <span class="ver">39</span>One young bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering: <span class="ver">40</span>One kid of the goats for a sin offering: <span class="ver">41</span>And for a sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first year: this was the offering of Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai. </p>
<p><span class="ver">42</span>On the sixth day Eliasaph the son of Deuel, prince of the children of Gad, offered: <span class="ver">43</sM
pan>His offering was one silver charger of the weight of an hundred and thirty shekels, a silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering: <span class="ver">44</span>One golden spoon of ten shekels, full of incense: <span class="ver">45</span>One young bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering: <span class="ver">46</span>One kid of the goats for a sin offering: <span class="ver">47</span>And for a sacrifM
ice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first year: this was the offering of Eliasaph the son of Deuel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">48</span>On the seventh day Elishama the son of Ammihud, prince of the children of Ephraim, offered: <span class="ver">49</span>His offering was one silver charger, the weight whereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat M
offering: <span class="ver">50</span>One golden spoon of ten shekels, full of incense: <span class="ver">51</span>One young bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering: <span class="ver">52</span>One kid of the goats for a sin offering: <span class="ver">53</span>And for a sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first year: this was the offering of Elishama the son of Ammihud. </p>
<p><span class="ver">54</span>On the eighth day offered Gamaliel tM
he son of Pedahzur, prince of the children of Manasseh: <span class="ver">55</span>His offering was one silver charger of the weight of an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering: <span class="ver">56</span>One golden spoon of ten shekels, full of incense: <span class="ver">57</span>One young bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering: <span class="ver">58</span>OneM
kid of the goats for a sin offering: <span class="ver">59</span>And for a sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first year: this was the offering of Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur. </p>
<p><span class="ver">60</span>On the ninth day Abidan the son of Gideoni, prince of the children of Benjamin, offered: <span class="ver">61</span>His offering was one silver charger, the weight whereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekM
el of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering: <span class="ver">62</span>One golden spoon of ten shekels, full of incense: <span class="ver">63</span>One young bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering: <span class="ver">64</span>One kid of the goats for a sin offering: <span class="ver">65</span>And for a sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first year: this was the offering of Abidan the son of GidM
<p><span class="ver">66</span>On the tenth day Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai, prince of the children of Dan, offered: <span class="ver">67</span>His offering was one silver charger, the weight whereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering: <span class="ver">68</span>One golden spoon of ten shekels, full of incense: <span class="ver">69</span>One young bullock, one raM
m, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering: <span class="ver">70</span>One kid of the goats for a sin offering: <span class="ver">71</span>And for a sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first year: this was the offering of Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai. </p>
<p><span class="ver">72</span>On the eleventh day Pagiel the son of Ocran, prince of the children of Asher, offered: <span class="ver">73</span>His offering was one silver charger, the weight whereof waM
s an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering: <span class="ver">74</span>One golden spoon of ten shekels, full of incense: <span class="ver">75</span>One young bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering: <span class="ver">76</span>One kid of the goats for a sin offering: <span class="ver">77</span>And for a sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he M
goats, five lambs of the first year: this was the offering of Pagiel the son of Ocran. </p>
<p><span class="ver">78</span>On the twelfth day Ahira the son of Enan, prince of the children of Naphtali, offered: <span class="ver">79</span>His offering was one silver charger, the weight whereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of them full of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering: <span class="ver">80</span>One golden spoon of tenM
shekels, full of incense: <span class="ver">81</span>One young bullock, one ram, one lamb of the first year, for a burnt offering: <span class="ver">82</span>One kid of the goats for a sin offering: <span class="ver">83</span>And for a sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen, five rams, five he goats, five lambs of the first year: this was the offering of Ahira the son of Enan. <span class="ver">84</span>This was the dedication of the altar, in the day when it was anointed, by the princes of Israel: twelve chargersM
of silver, twelve silver bowls, twelve spoons of gold: <span class="ver">85</span>Each charger of silver weighing an hundred and thirty shekels, each bowl seventy: all the silver vessels weighed two thousand and four hundred shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary: <span class="ver">86</span>The golden spoons were twelve, full of incense, weighing ten shekels apiece, after the shekel of the sanctuary: all the gold of the spoons was an hundred and twenty shekels. <span class="ver">87</span>All the oxen for the bM
urnt offering were twelve bullocks, the rams twelve, the lambs of the first year twelve, with their meat offering: and the kids of the goats for sin offering twelve. <span class="ver">88</span>And all the oxen for the sacrifice of the peace offerings were twenty and four bullocks, the rams sixty, the he goats sixty, the lambs of the first year sixty. This was the dedication of the altar, after that it was anointed. <span class="ver">89</span>And when Moses was gone into the tabernacle of the congregation to speak wM
ith him, then he heard the voice of one speaking unto him from off the mercy seat that was upon the ark of testimony, from between the two cherubims: and he spake unto him.
<h2 id="c8">Chapter 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Speak unto Aaron, and say unto him, When thou lightest the lamps, the seven lamps shall give light over against the candlestick. <span class="ver">3</span>And Aaron did so; he lighted the lamps thereof over against the cM
andlestick, as the LORD commanded Moses. <span class="ver">4</span>And this work of the candlestick was of beaten gold, unto the shaft thereof, unto the flowers thereof, was beaten work: according unto the pattern which the LORD had shewed Moses, so he made the candlestick. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">6</span>Take the Levites from among the children of Israel, and cleanse them. <span class="ver">7</span>And thus shalt thou do unto them, to cleanse theM
m: Sprinkle water of purifying upon them, and let them shave all their flesh, and let them wash their clothes, and so make themselves clean. <span class="ver">8</span>Then let them take a young bullock with his meat offering, even fine flour mingled with oil, and another young bullock shalt thou take for a sin offering. <span class="ver">9</span>And thou shalt bring the Levites before the tabernacle of the congregation: and thou shalt gather the whole assembly of the children of Israel together: <span class="ver">1M
0</span>And thou shalt bring the Levites before the LORD: and the children of Israel shall put their hands upon the Levites: <span class="ver">11</span>And Aaron shall offer the Levites before the LORD for an offering of the children of Israel, that they may execute the service of the LORD. <span class="ver">12</span>And the Levites shall lay their hands upon the heads of the bullocks: and thou shalt offer the one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering, unto the LORD, to make an atonement for the LeM
vites. <span class="ver">13</span>And thou shalt set the Levites before Aaron, and before his sons, and offer them for an offering unto the LORD. <span class="ver">14</span>Thus shalt thou separate the Levites from among the children of Israel: and the Levites shall be mine. <span class="ver">15</span>And after that shall the Levites go in to do the service of the tabernacle of the congregation: and thou shalt cleanse them, and offer them for an offering. <span class="ver">16</span>For they are wholly given unto meM
from among the children of Israel; instead of such as open every womb, even instead of the firstborn of all the children of Israel, have I taken them unto me. <span class="ver">17</span>For all the firstborn of the children of Israel are mine, both man and beast: on the day that I smote every firstborn in the land of Egypt I sanctified them for myself. <span class="ver">18</span>And I have taken the Levites for all the firstborn of the children of Israel. <span class="ver">19</span>And I have given the Levites as M
a gift to Aaron and to his sons from among the children of Israel, to do the service of the children of Israel in the tabernacle of the congregation, and to make an atonement for the children of Israel: that there be no plague among the children of Israel, when the children of Israel come nigh unto the sanctuary. <span class="ver">20</span>And Moses, and Aaron, and all the congregation of the children of Israel, did to the Levites according unto all that the LORD commanded Moses concerning the Levites, so did the cM
hildren of Israel unto them. <span class="ver">21</span>And the Levites were purified, and they washed their clothes; and Aaron offered them as an offering before the LORD; and Aaron made an atonement for them to cleanse them. <span class="ver">22</span>And after that went the Levites in to do their service in the tabernacle of the congregation before Aaron, and before his sons: as the LORD had commanded Moses concerning the Levites, so did they unto them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And the LORD spake untM
o Moses, saying, <span class="ver">24</span>This is it that belongeth unto the Levites: from twenty and five years old and upward they shall go in to wait upon the service of the tabernacle of the congregation: <span class="ver">25</span>And from the age of fifty years they shall cease waiting upon the service thereof, and shall serve no more: <span class="ver">26</span>But shall minister with their brethren in the tabernacle of the congregation, to keep the charge, and shall do no service. Thus shalt thou do unto M
the Levites touching their charge.
<h2 id="c9">Chapter 9</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the first month of the second year after they were come out of the land of Egypt, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Let the children of Israel also keep the passover at his appointed season. <span class="ver">3</span>In the fourteenth day of this month, at even, ye shall keep it in his appointed season: according to all the rites of it, and according to all thM
e ceremonies thereof, shall ye keep it. <span class="ver">4</span>And Moses spake unto the children of Israel, that they should keep the passover. <span class="ver">5</span>And they kept the passover on the fourteenth day of the first month at even in the wilderness of Sinai: according to all that the LORD commanded Moses, so did the children of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And there were certain men, who were defiled by the dead body of a man, that they could not keep the passover on that day: and tM
hey came before Moses and before Aaron on that day: <span class="ver">7</span>And those men said unto him, We are defiled by the dead body of a man: wherefore are we kept back, that we may not offer an offering of the LORD in his appointed season among the children of Israel? <span class="ver">8</span>And Moses said unto them, Stand still, and I will hear what the LORD will command concerning you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">10</span>Speak unto the chM
ildren of Israel, saying, If any man of you or of your posterity shall be unclean by reason of a dead body, or be in a journey afar off, yet he shall keep the passover unto the LORD. <span class="ver">11</span>The fourteenth day of the second month at even they shall keep it, and eat it with unleavened bread and bitter herbs. <span class="ver">12</span>They shall leave none of it unto the morning, nor break any bone of it: according to all the ordinances of the passover they shall keep it. <span class="ver">13</spaM
n>But the man that is clean, and is not in a journey, and forbeareth to keep the passover, even the same soul shall be cut off from among his people: because he brought not the offering of the LORD in his appointed season, that man shall bear his sin. <span class="ver">14</span>And if a stranger shall sojourn among you, and will keep the passover unto the LORD; according to the ordinance of the passover, and according to the manner thereof, so shall he do: ye shall have one ordinance, both for the stranger, and forM
him that was born in the land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And on the day that the tabernacle was reared up the cloud covered the tabernacle, namely, the tent of the testimony: and at even there was upon the tabernacle as it were the appearance of fire, until the morning. <span class="ver">16</span>So it was alway: the cloud covered it by day, and the appearance of fire by night. <span class="ver">17</span>And when the cloud was taken up from the tabernacle, then after that the children of Israel journeyeM
d: and in the place where the cloud abode, there the children of Israel pitched their tents. <span class="ver">18</span>At the commandment of the LORD the children of Israel journeyed, and at the commandment of the LORD they pitched: as long as the cloud abode upon the tabernacle they rested in their tents. <span class="ver">19</span>And when the cloud tarried long upon the tabernacle many days, then the children of Israel kept the charge of the LORD, and journeyed not. <span class="ver">20</span>And so it was, wheM
n the cloud was a few days upon the tabernacle; according to the commandment of the LORD they abode in their tents, and according to the commandment of the LORD they journeyed. <span class="ver">21</span>And so it was, when the cloud abode from even unto the morning, and that the cloud was taken up in the morning, then they journeyed: whether it was by day or by night that the cloud was taken up, they journeyed. <span class="ver">22</span>Or whether it were two days, or a month, or a year, that the cloud tarried upM
on the tabernacle, remaining thereon, the children of Israel abode in their tents, and journeyed not: but when it was taken up, they journeyed. <span class="ver">23</span>At the commandment of the LORD they rested in the tents, and at the commandment of the LORD they journeyed: they kept the charge of the LORD, at the commandment of the LORD by the hand of Moses.
<h2 id="c10">Chapter 10</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Make thee two trumpets ofM
silver; of a whole piece shalt thou make them: that thou mayest use them for the calling of the assembly, and for the journeying of the camps. <span class="ver">3</span>And when they shall blow with them, all the assembly shall assemble themselves to thee at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. <span class="ver">4</span>And if they blow but with one trumpet, then the princes, which are heads of the thousands of Israel, shall gather themselves unto thee. <span class="ver">5</span>When ye blow an alarm, tM
hen the camps that lie on the east parts shall go forward. <span class="ver">6</span>When ye blow an alarm the second time, then the camps that lie on the south side shall take their journey: they shall blow an alarm for their journeys. <span class="ver">7</span>But when the congregation is to be gathered together, ye shall blow, but ye shall not sound an alarm. <span class="ver">8</span>And the sons of Aaron, the priests, shall blow with the trumpets; and they shall be to you for an ordinance for ever throughout yM
our generations. <span class="ver">9</span>And if ye go to war in your land against the enemy that oppresseth you, then ye shall blow an alarm with the trumpets; and ye shall be remembered before the LORD your God, and ye shall be saved from your enemies. <span class="ver">10</span>Also in the day of your gladness, and in your solemn days, and in the beginnings of your months, ye shall blow with the trumpets over your burnt offerings, and over the sacrifices of your peace offerings; that they may be to you for a meM
morial before your God: I am the LORD your God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And it came to pass on the twentieth day of the second month, in the second year, that the cloud was taken up from off the tabernacle of the testimony. <span class="ver">12</span>And the children of Israel took their journeys out of the wilderness of Sinai; and the cloud rested in the wilderness of Paran. <span class="ver">13</span>And they first took their journey according to the commandment of the LORD by the hand of Moses. </p>M
<p><span class="ver">14</span>In the first place went the standard of the camp of the children of Judah according to their armies: and over his host was Nahshon the son of Amminadab. <span class="ver">15</span>And over the host of the tribe of the children of Issachar was Nethaneel the son of Zuar. <span class="ver">16</span>And over the host of the tribe of the children of Zebulun was Eliab the son of Helon. <span class="ver">17</span>And the tabernacle was taken down; and the sons of Gershon and the sons of MeM
rari set forward, bearing the tabernacle. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And the standard of the camp of Reuben set forward according to their armies: and over his host was Elizur the son of Shedeur. <span class="ver">19</span>And over the host of the tribe of the children of Simeon was Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai. <span class="ver">20</span>And over the host of the tribe of the children of Gad was Eliasaph the son of Deuel. <span class="ver">21</span>And the Kohathites set forward, bearing the sanctuaryM
: and the other did set up the tabernacle against they came. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And the standard of the camp of the children of Ephraim set forward according to their armies: and over his host was Elishama the son of Ammihud. <span class="ver">23</span>And over the host of the tribe of the children of Manasseh was Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur. <span class="ver">24</span>And over the host of the tribe of the children of Benjamin was Abidan the son of Gideoni. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>AnM
d the standard of the camp of the children of Dan set forward, which was the rereward of all the camps throughout their hosts: and over his host was Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai. <span class="ver">26</span>And over the host of the tribe of the children of Asher was Pagiel the son of Ocran. <span class="ver">27</span>And over the host of the tribe of the children of Naphtali was Ahira the son of Enan. <span class="ver">28</span>Thus were the journeyings of the children of Israel according to their armies, when thM
ey set forward. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>And Moses said unto Hobab, the son of Raguel the Midianite, Moses
father in law, We are journeying unto the place of which the LORD said, I will give it you: come thou with us, and we will do thee good: for the LORD hath spoken good concerning Israel. <span class="ver">30</span>And he said unto him, I will not go; but I will depart to mine own land, and to my kindred. <span class="ver">31</span>And he said, Leave us not, I pray thee; forasmuch as thou knowest M
how we are to encamp in the wilderness, and thou mayest be to us instead of eyes. <span class="ver">32</span>And it shall be, if thou go with us, yea, it shall be, that what goodness the LORD shall do unto us, the same will we do unto thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>And they departed from the mount of the LORD three days
journey: and the ark of the covenant of the LORD went before them in the three days
journey, to search out a resting place for them. <span class="ver">34</span>And the cloud of theM
LORD was upon them by day, when they went out of the camp. <span class="ver">35</span>And it came to pass, when the ark set forward, that Moses said, Rise up, LORD, and let thine enemies be scattered; and let them that hate thee flee before thee. <span class="ver">36</span>And when it rested, he said, Return, O LORD, unto the many thousands of Israel.
<h2 id="c11">Chapter 11</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And when the people complained, it displeased the LORD: and the LORD heard it; and his anger was kindM
led; and the fire of the LORD burnt among them, and consumed them that were in the uttermost parts of the camp. <span class="ver">2</span>And the people cried unto Moses; and when Moses prayed unto the LORD, the fire was quenched. <span class="ver">3</span>And he called the name of the place Taberah: because the fire of the LORD burnt among them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And the mixt multitude that was among them fell a lusting: and the children of Israel also wept again, and said, Who shall give us flesM
h to eat? <span class="ver">5</span>We remember the fish, which we did eat in Egypt freely; the cucumbers, and the melons, and the leeks, and the onions, and the garlick: <span class="ver">6</span>But now our soul is dried away: there is nothing at all, beside this manna, before our eyes. <span class="ver">7</span>And the manna was as coriander seed, and the colour thereof as the colour of bdellium. <span class="ver">8</span>And the people went about, and gathered it, and ground it in mills, or beat it in a mortar,M
and baked it in pans, and made cakes of it: and the taste of it was as the taste of fresh oil. <span class="ver">9</span>And when the dew fell upon the camp in the night, the manna fell upon it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Then Moses heard the people weep throughout their families, every man in the door of his tent: and the anger of the LORD was kindled greatly; Moses also was displeased. <span class="ver">11</span>And Moses said unto the LORD, Wherefore hast thou afflicted thy servant? and wherefore haveM
I not found favour in thy sight, that thou layest the burden of all this people upon me? <span class="ver">12</span>Have I conceived all this people? have I begotten them, that thou shouldest say unto me, Carry them in thy bosom, as a nursing father beareth the sucking child, unto the land which thou swarest unto their fathers? <span class="ver">13</span>Whence should I have flesh to give unto all this people? for they weep unto me, saying, Give us flesh, that we may eat. <span class="ver">14</span>I am not able tM
o bear all this people alone, because it is too heavy for me. <span class="ver">15</span>And if thou deal thus with me, kill me, I pray thee, out of hand, if I have found favour in thy sight; and let me not see my wretchedness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Gather unto me seventy men of the elders of Israel, whom thou knowest to be the elders of the people, and officers over them; and bring them unto the tabernacle of the congregation, that they may stand there with thee. <span M
class="ver">17</span>And I will come down and talk with thee there: and I will take of the spirit which is upon thee, and will put it upon them; and they shall bear the burden of the people with thee, that thou bear it not thyself alone. <span class="ver">18</span>And say thou unto the people, Sanctify yourselves against to morrow, and ye shall eat flesh: for ye have wept in the ears of the LORD, saying, Who shall give us flesh to eat? for it was well with us in Egypt: therefore the LORD will give you flesh, and yeM
shall eat. <span class="ver">19</span>Ye shall not eat one day, nor two days, nor five days, neither ten days, nor twenty days; <span class="ver">20</span>But even a whole month, until it come out at your nostrils, and it be loathsome unto you: because that ye have despised the LORD which is among you, and have wept before him, saying, Why came we forth out of Egypt? <span class="ver">21</span>And Moses said, The people, among whom I am, are six hundred thousand footmen; and thou hast said, I will give them flesh,M
that they may eat a whole month. <span class="ver">22</span>Shall the flocks and the herds be slain for them, to suffice them? or shall all the fish of the sea be gathered together for them, to suffice them? <span class="ver">23</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Is the LORD
s hand waxed short? thou shalt see now whether my word shall come to pass unto thee or not. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And Moses went out, and told the people the words of the LORD, and gathered the seventy men of the elders of thM
e people, and set them round about the tabernacle. <span class="ver">25</span>And the LORD came down in a cloud, and spake unto him, and took of the spirit that was upon him, and gave it unto the seventy elders: and it came to pass, that, when the spirit rested upon them, they prophesied, and did not cease. <span class="ver">26</span>But there remained two of the men in the camp, the name of the one was Eldad, and the name of the other Medad: and the spirit rested upon them; and they were of them that were written,M
but went not out unto the tabernacle: and they prophesied in the camp. <span class="ver">27</span>And there ran a young man, and told Moses, and said, Eldad and Medad do prophesy in the camp. <span class="ver">28</span>And Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of Moses, one of his young men, answered and said, My lord Moses, forbid them. <span class="ver">29</span>And Moses said unto him, Enviest thou for my sake? would God that all the LORD
s people were prophets, and that the LORD would put his spirit upon them! M
<span class="ver">30</span>And Moses gat him into the camp, he and the elders of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>And there went forth a wind from the LORD, and brought quails from the sea, and let them fall by the camp, as it were a day
s journey on this side, and as it were a day
s journey on the other side, round about the camp, and as it were two cubits high upon the face of the earth. <span class="ver">32</span>And the people stood up all that day, and all that night, and all the next day, and M
they gathered the quails: he that gathered least gathered ten homers: and they spread them all abroad for themselves round about the camp. <span class="ver">33</span>And while the flesh was yet between their teeth, ere it was chewed, the wrath of the LORD was kindled against the people, and the LORD smote the people with a very great plague. <span class="ver">34</span>And he called the name of that place Kibroth-hattaavah: because there they buried the people that lusted. <span class="ver">35</span>And the people jM
ourneyed from Kibroth-hattaavah unto Hazeroth; and abode at Hazeroth.
<h2 id="c12">Chapter 12</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Miriam and Aaron spake against Moses because of the Ethiopian woman whom he had married: for he had married an Ethiopian woman. <span class="ver">2</span>And they said, Hath the LORD indeed spoken only by Moses? hath he not spoken also by us? And the LORD heard it. <span class="ver">3</span>(Now the man Moses was very meek, above all the men which were upon the face of the earth.M
) <span class="ver">4</span>And the LORD spake suddenly unto Moses, and unto Aaron, and unto Miriam, Come out ye three unto the tabernacle of the congregation. And they three came out. <span class="ver">5</span>And the LORD came down in the pillar of the cloud, and stood in the door of the tabernacle, and called Aaron and Miriam: and they both came forth. <span class="ver">6</span>And he said, Hear now my words: If there be a prophet among you, I the LORD will make myself known unto him in a vision, and will speak M
unto him in a dream. <span class="ver">7</span>My servant Moses is not so, who is faithful in all mine house. <span class="ver">8</span>With him will I speak mouth to mouth, even apparently, and not in dark speeches; and the similitude of the LORD shall he behold: wherefore then were ye not afraid to speak against my servant Moses? <span class="ver">9</span>And the anger of the LORD was kindled against them; and he departed. <span class="ver">10</span>And the cloud departed from off the tabernacle; and, behold, MirM
iam became leprous, white as snow: and Aaron looked upon Miriam, and, behold, she was leprous. <span class="ver">11</span>And Aaron said unto Moses, Alas, my lord, I beseech thee, lay not the sin upon us, wherein we have done foolishly, and wherein we have sinned. <span class="ver">12</span>Let her not be as one dead, of whom the flesh is half consumed when he cometh out of his mother
s womb. <span class="ver">13</span>And Moses cried unto the LORD, saying, Heal her now, O God, I beseech thee. </p>
ss="ver">14</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, If her father had but spit in her face, should she not be ashamed seven days? let her be shut out from the camp seven days, and after that let her be received in again. <span class="ver">15</span>And Miriam was shut out from the camp seven days: and the people journeyed not till Miriam was brought in again. <span class="ver">16</span>And afterward the people removed from Hazeroth, and pitched in the wilderness of Paran.
<h2 id="c13">Chapter 13</h2>
s="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Send thou men, that they may search the land of Canaan, which I give unto the children of Israel: of every tribe of their fathers shall ye send a man, every one a ruler among them. <span class="ver">3</span>And Moses by the commandment of the LORD sent them from the wilderness of Paran: all those men were heads of the children of Israel. <span class="ver">4</span>And these were their names: of the tribe of Reuben, Shammua the son of ZM
accur. <span class="ver">5</span>Of the tribe of Simeon, Shaphat the son of Hori. <span class="ver">6</span>Of the tribe of Judah, Caleb the son of Jephunneh. <span class="ver">7</span>Of the tribe of Issachar, Igal the son of Joseph. <span class="ver">8</span>Of the tribe of Ephraim, Oshea the son of Nun. <span class="ver">9</span>Of the tribe of Benjamin, Palti the son of Raphu. <span class="ver">10</span>Of the tribe of Zebulun, Gaddiel the son of Sodi. <span class="ver">11</span>Of the tribe of Joseph, namely, M
of the tribe of Manasseh, Gaddi the son of Susi. <span class="ver">12</span>Of the tribe of Dan, Ammiel the son of Gemalli. <span class="ver">13</span>Of the tribe of Asher, Sethur the son of Michael. <span class="ver">14</span>Of the tribe of Naphtali, Nahbi the son of Vophsi. <span class="ver">15</span>Of the tribe of Gad, Geuel the son of Machi. <span class="ver">16</span>These are the names of the men which Moses sent to spy out the land. And Moses called Oshea the son of Nun Jehoshua. </p>
<p><span class="veM
r">17</span>And Moses sent them to spy out the land of Canaan, and said unto them, Get you up this way southward, and go up into the mountain: <span class="ver">18</span>And see the land, what it is; and the people that dwelleth therein, whether they be strong or weak, few or many; <span class="ver">19</span>And what the land is that they dwell in, whether it be good or bad; and what cities they be that they dwell in, whether in tents, or in strong holds; <span class="ver">20</span>And what the land is, whether it M
be fat or lean, whether there be wood therein, or not. And be ye of good courage, and bring of the fruit of the land. Now the time was the time of the firstripe grapes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>So they went up, and searched the land from the wilderness of Zin unto Rehob, as men come to Hamath. <span class="ver">22</span>And they ascended by the south, and came unto Hebron; where Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai, the children of Anak, were. (Now Hebron was built seven years before Zoan in Egypt.) <span class=M
"ver">23</span>And they came unto the brook of Eshcol, and cut down from thence a branch with one cluster of grapes, and they bare it between two upon a staff; and they brought of the pomegranates, and of the figs. <span class="ver">24</span>The place was called the brook Eshcol, because of the cluster of grapes which the children of Israel cut down from thence. <span class="ver">25</span>And they returned from searching of the land after forty days. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>And they went and came to MoM
ses, and to Aaron, and to all the congregation of the children of Israel, unto the wilderness of Paran, to Kadesh; and brought back word unto them, and unto all the congregation, and shewed them the fruit of the land. <span class="ver">27</span>And they told him, and said, We came unto the land whither thou sentest us, and surely it floweth with milk and honey; and this is the fruit of it. <span class="ver">28</span>Nevertheless the people be strong that dwell in the land, and the cities are walled, and very great:M
and moreover we saw the children of Anak there. <span class="ver">29</span>The Amalekites dwell in the land of the south: and the Hittites, and the Jebusites, and the Amorites, dwell in the mountains: and the Canaanites dwell by the sea, and by the coast of Jordan. <span class="ver">30</span>And Caleb stilled the people before Moses, and said, Let us go up at once, and possess it; for we are well able to overcome it. <span class="ver">31</span>But the men that went up with him said, We be not able to go up againstM
the people; for they are stronger than we. <span class="ver">32</span>And they brought up an evil report of the land which they had searched unto the children of Israel, saying, The land, through which we have gone to search it, is a land that eateth up the inhabitants thereof; and all the people that we saw in it are men of a great stature. <span class="ver">33</span>And there we saw the giants, the sons of Anak, which come of the giants: and we were in our own sight as grasshoppers, and so we were in their sightM
<h2 id="c14">Chapter 14</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And all the congregation lifted up their voice, and cried; and the people wept that night. <span class="ver">2</span>And all the children of Israel murmured against Moses and against Aaron: and the whole congregation said unto them, Would God that we had died in the land of Egypt! or would God we had died in this wilderness! <span class="ver">3</span>And wherefore hath the LORD brought us unto this land, to fall by the sword, that our wives and our cM
hildren should be a prey? were it not better for us to return into Egypt? <span class="ver">4</span>And they said one to another, Let us make a captain, and let us return into Egypt. <span class="ver">5</span>Then Moses and Aaron fell on their faces before all the assembly of the congregation of the children of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And Joshua the son of Nun, and Caleb the son of Jephunneh, which were of them that searched the land, rent their clothes: <span class="ver">7</span>And they spake M
unto all the company of the children of Israel, saying, The land, which we passed through to search it, is an exceeding good land. <span class="ver">8</span>If the LORD delight in us, then he will bring us into this land, and give it us; a land which floweth with milk and honey. <span class="ver">9</span>Only rebel not ye against the LORD, neither fear ye the people of the land; for they are bread for us: their defence is departed from them, and the LORD is with us: fear them not. <span class="ver">10</span>But allM
the congregation bade stone them with stones. And the glory of the LORD appeared in the tabernacle of the congregation before all the children of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, How long will this people provoke me? and how long will it be ere they believe me, for all the signs which I have shewed among them? <span class="ver">12</span>I will smite them with the pestilence, and disinherit them, and will make of thee a greater nation and mightier than they. </p>
class="ver">13</span>And Moses said unto the LORD, Then the Egyptians shall hear it, (for thou broughtest up this people in thy might from among them;) <span class="ver">14</span>And they will tell it to the inhabitants of this land: for they have heard that thou LORD art among this people, that thou LORD art seen face to face, and that thy cloud standeth over them, and that thou goest before them, by day time in a pillar of a cloud, and in a pillar of fire by night. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Now if thoM
u shalt kill all this people as one man, then the nations which have heard the fame of thee will speak, saying, <span class="ver">16</span>Because the LORD was not able to bring this people into the land which he sware unto them, therefore he hath slain them in the wilderness. <span class="ver">17</span>And now, I beseech thee, let the power of my Lord be great, according as thou hast spoken, saying, <span class="ver">18</span>The LORD is longsuffering, and of great mercy, forgiving iniquity and transgression, and M
by no means clearing the guilty, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation. <span class="ver">19</span>Pardon, I beseech thee, the iniquity of this people according unto the greatness of thy mercy, and as thou hast forgiven this people, from Egypt even until now. <span class="ver">20</span>And the LORD said, I have pardoned according to thy word: <span class="ver">21</span>But as truly as I live, all the earth shall be filled with the glory of the LORD. <span class=M
"ver">22</span>Because all those men which have seen my glory, and my miracles, which I did in Egypt and in the wilderness, and have tempted me now these ten times, and have not hearkened to my voice; <span class="ver">23</span>Surely they shall not see the land which I sware unto their fathers, neither shall any of them that provoked me see it: <span class="ver">24</span>But my servant Caleb, because he had another spirit with him, and hath followed me fully, him will I bring into the land whereinto he went; and hM
is seed shall possess it. <span class="ver">25</span>(Now the Amalekites and the Canaanites dwelt in the valley.) To morrow turn you, and get you into the wilderness by the way of the Red sea. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying, <span class="ver">27</span>How long shall I bear with this evil congregation, which murmur against me? I have heard the murmurings of the children of Israel, which they murmur against me. <span class="ver">28</span>Say unto them, As trM
uly as I live, saith the LORD, as ye have spoken in mine ears, so will I do to you: <span class="ver">29</span>Your carcases shall fall in this wilderness; and all that were numbered of you, according to your whole number, from twenty years old and upward, which have murmured against me, <span class="ver">30</span>Doubtless ye shall not come into the land, concerning which I sware to make you dwell therein, save Caleb the son of Jephunneh, and Joshua the son of Nun. <span class="ver">31</span>But your little ones, M
which ye said should be a prey, them will I bring in, and they shall know the land which ye have despised. <span class="ver">32</span>But as for you, your carcases, they shall fall in this wilderness. <span class="ver">33</span>And your children shall wander in the wilderness forty years, and bear your whoredoms, until your carcases be wasted in the wilderness. <span class="ver">34</span>After the number of the days in which ye searched the land, even forty days, each day for a year, shall ye bear your iniquities, M
even forty years, and ye shall know my breach of promise. <span class="ver">35</span>I the LORD have said, I will surely do it unto all this evil congregation, that are gathered together against me: in this wilderness they shall be consumed, and there they shall die. <span class="ver">36</span>And the men, which Moses sent to search the land, who returned, and made all the congregation to murmur against him, by bringing up a slander upon the land, <span class="ver">37</span>Even those men that did bring up the evilM
report upon the land, died by the plague before the LORD. <span class="ver">38</span>But Joshua the son of Nun, and Caleb the son of Jephunneh, which were of the men that went to search the land, lived still. <span class="ver">39</span>And Moses told these sayings unto all the children of Israel: and the people mourned greatly. </p>
<p><span class="ver">40</span>And they rose up early in the morning, and gat them up into the top of the mountain, saying, Lo, we be here, and will go up unto the place which the LORM
D hath promised: for we have sinned. <span class="ver">41</span>And Moses said, Wherefore now do ye transgress the commandment of the LORD? but it shall not prosper. <span class="ver">42</span>Go not up, for the LORD is not among you; that ye be not smitten before your enemies. <span class="ver">43</span>For the Amalekites and the Canaanites are there before you, and ye shall fall by the sword: because ye are turned away from the LORD, therefore the LORD will not be with you. <span class="ver">44</span>But they preM
sumed to go up unto the hill top: nevertheless the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and Moses, departed not out of the camp. <span class="ver">45</span>Then the Amalekites came down, and the Canaanites which dwelt in that hill, and smote them, and discomfited them, even unto Hormah.
<h2 id="c15">Chapter 15</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye be come into the land of your habitations, whM
ich I give unto you, <span class="ver">3</span>And will make an offering by fire unto the LORD, a burnt offering, or a sacrifice in performing a vow, or in a freewill offering, or in your solemn feasts, to make a sweet savour unto the LORD, of the herd, or of the flock: <span class="ver">4</span>Then shall he that offereth his offering unto the LORD bring a meat offering of a tenth deal of flour mingled with the fourth part of an hin of oil. <span class="ver">5</span>And the fourth part of an hin of wine for a drinM
k offering shalt thou prepare with the burnt offering or sacrifice, for one lamb. <span class="ver">6</span>Or for a ram, thou shalt prepare for a meat offering two tenth deals of flour mingled with the third part of an hin of oil. <span class="ver">7</span>And for a drink offering thou shalt offer the third part of an hin of wine, for a sweet savour unto the LORD. <span class="ver">8</span>And when thou preparest a bullock for a burnt offering, or for a sacrifice in performing a vow, or peace offerings unto the LOM
RD: <span class="ver">9</span>Then shall he bring with a bullock a meat offering of three tenth deals of flour mingled with half an hin of oil. <span class="ver">10</span>And thou shalt bring for a drink offering half an hin of wine, for an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD. <span class="ver">11</span>Thus shall it be done for one bullock, or for one ram, or for a lamb, or a kid. <span class="ver">12</span>According to the number that ye shall prepare, so shall ye do to every one according to tM
heir number. <span class="ver">13</span>All that are born of the country shall do these things after this manner, in offering an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD. <span class="ver">14</span>And if a stranger sojourn with you, or whosoever be among you in your generations, and will offer an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD; as ye do, so he shall do. <span class="ver">15</span>One ordinance shall be both for you of the congregation, and also for the stranger that sojournethM
with you, an ordinance for ever in your generations: as ye are, so shall the stranger be before the LORD. <span class="ver">16</span>One law and one manner shall be for you, and for the stranger that sojourneth with you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">18</span>Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye come into the land whither I bring you, <span class="ver">19</span>Then it shall be, that, when ye eat of the bread of the land, ye sM
hall offer up an heave offering unto the LORD. <span class="ver">20</span>Ye shall offer up a cake of the first of your dough for an heave offering: as ye do the heave offering of the threshingfloor, so shall ye heave it. <span class="ver">21</span>Of the first of your dough ye shall give unto the LORD an heave offering in your generations. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And if ye have erred, and not observed all these commandments, which the LORD hath spoken unto Moses, <span class="ver">23</span>Even all thM
at the LORD hath commanded you by the hand of Moses, from the day that the LORD commanded Moses, and henceforward among your generations; <span class="ver">24</span>Then it shall be, if ought be committed by ignorance without the knowledge of the congregation, that all the congregation shall offer one young bullock for a burnt offering, for a sweet savour unto the LORD, with his meat offering, and his drink offering, according to the manner, and one kid of the goats for a sin offering. <span class="ver">25</span>AnM
d the priest shall make an atonement for all the congregation of the children of Israel, and it shall be forgiven them; for it is ignorance: and they shall bring their offering, a sacrifice made by fire unto the LORD, and their sin offering before the LORD, for their ignorance: <span class="ver">26</span>And it shall be forgiven all the congregation of the children of Israel, and the stranger that sojourneth among them; seeing all the people were in ignorance. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>And if any soul siM
n through ignorance, then he shall bring a she goat of the first year for a sin offering. <span class="ver">28</span>And the priest shall make an atonement for the soul that sinneth ignorantly, when he sinneth by ignorance before the LORD, to make an atonement for him; and it shall be forgiven him. <span class="ver">29</span>Ye shall have one law for him that sinneth through ignorance, both for him that is born among the children of Israel, and for the stranger that sojourneth among them. </p>
<p><span class="verM
">30</span>But the soul that doeth ought presumptuously, whether he be born in the land, or a stranger, the same reproacheth the LORD; and that soul shall be cut off from among his people. <span class="ver">31</span>Because he hath despised the word of the LORD, and hath broken his commandment, that soul shall utterly be cut off; his iniquity shall be upon him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>And while the children of Israel were in the wilderness, they found a man that gathered sticks upon the sabbath day. <sM
pan class="ver">33</span>And they that found him gathering sticks brought him unto Moses and Aaron, and unto all the congregation. <span class="ver">34</span>And they put him in ward, because it was not declared what should be done to him. <span class="ver">35</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, The man shall be surely put to death: all the congregation shall stone him with stones without the camp. <span class="ver">36</span>And all the congregation brought him without the camp, and stoned him with stones, and he dM
ied; as the LORD commanded Moses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">37</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">38</span>Speak unto the children of Israel, and bid them that they make them fringes in the borders of their garments throughout their generations, and that they put upon the fringe of the borders a ribband of blue: <span class="ver">39</span>And it shall be unto you for a fringe, that ye may look upon it, and remember all the commandments of the LORD, and do them; and that ye seek not aftM
er your own heart and your own eyes, after which ye use to go a whoring: <span class="ver">40</span>That ye may remember, and do all my commandments, and be holy unto your God. <span class="ver">41</span>I am the LORD your God, which brought you out of the land of Egypt, to be your God: I am the LORD your God.
<h2 id="c16">Chapter 16</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now Korah, the son of Izhar, the son of Kohath, the son of Levi, and Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab, and On, the son of Peleth, sons of ReM
uben, took men: <span class="ver">2</span>And they rose up before Moses, with certain of the children of Israel, two hundred and fifty princes of the assembly, famous in the congregation, men of renown: <span class="ver">3</span>And they gathered themselves together against Moses and against Aaron, and said unto them, Ye take too much upon you, seeing all the congregation are holy, every one of them, and the LORD is among them: wherefore then lift ye up yourselves above the congregation of the LORD? <span class="veM
r">4</span>And when Moses heard it, he fell upon his face: <span class="ver">5</span>And he spake unto Korah and unto all his company, saying, Even to morrow the LORD will shew who are his, and who is holy; and will cause him to come near unto him: even him whom he hath chosen will he cause to come near unto him. <span class="ver">6</span>This do; Take you censers, Korah, and all his company; <span class="ver">7</span>And put fire therein, and put incense in them before the LORD to morrow: and it shall be that the M
man whom the LORD doth choose, he shall be holy: ye take too much upon you, ye sons of Levi. <span class="ver">8</span>And Moses said unto Korah, Hear, I pray you, ye sons of Levi: <span class="ver">9</span>Seemeth it but a small thing unto you, that the God of Israel hath separated you from the congregation of Israel, to bring you near to himself to do the service of the tabernacle of the LORD, and to stand before the congregation to minister unto them? <span class="ver">10</span>And he hath brought thee near to hM
im, and all thy brethren the sons of Levi with thee: and seek ye the priesthood also? <span class="ver">11</span>For which cause both thou and all thy company are gathered together against the LORD: and what is Aaron, that ye murmur against him? </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And Moses sent to call Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab: which said, We will not come up: <span class="ver">13</span>Is it a small thing that thou hast brought us up out of a land that floweth with milk and honey, to kill us in the wM
ilderness, except thou make thyself altogether a prince over us? <span class="ver">14</span>Moreover thou hast not brought us into a land that floweth with milk and honey, or given us inheritance of fields and vineyards: wilt thou put out the eyes of these men? we will not come up. <span class="ver">15</span>And Moses was very wroth, and said unto the LORD, Respect not thou their offering: I have not taken one ass from them, neither have I hurt one of them. <span class="ver">16</span>And Moses said unto Korah, Be tM
hou and all thy company before the LORD, thou, and they, and Aaron, to morrow: <span class="ver">17</span>And take every man his censer, and put incense in them, and bring ye before the LORD every man his censer, two hundred and fifty censers; thou also, and Aaron, each of you his censer. <span class="ver">18</span>And they took every man his censer, and put fire in them, and laid incense thereon, and stood in the door of the tabernacle of the congregation with Moses and Aaron. <span class="ver">19</span>And Korah M
gathered all the congregation against them unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation: and the glory of the LORD appeared unto all the congregation. <span class="ver">20</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying, <span class="ver">21</span>Separate yourselves from among this congregation, that I may consume them in a moment. <span class="ver">22</span>And they fell upon their faces, and said, O God, the God of the spirits of all flesh, shall one man sin, and wilt thou be wroth with all theM
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">24</span>Speak unto the congregation, saying, Get you up from about the tabernacle of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram. <span class="ver">25</span>And Moses rose up and went unto Dathan and Abiram; and the elders of Israel followed him. <span class="ver">26</span>And he spake unto the congregation, saying, Depart, I pray you, from the tents of these wicked men, and touch nothing of theirs, lest ye be consumed in alM
l their sins. <span class="ver">27</span>So they gat up from the tabernacle of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, on every side: and Dathan and Abiram came out, and stood in the door of their tents, and their wives, and their sons, and their little children. <span class="ver">28</span>And Moses said, Hereby ye shall know that the LORD hath sent me to do all these works; for I have not done them of mine own mind. <span class="ver">29</span>If these men die the common death of all men, or if they be visited after the visitatM
ion of all men; then the LORD hath not sent me. <span class="ver">30</span>But if the LORD make a new thing, and the earth open her mouth, and swallow them up, with all that appertain unto them, and they go down quick into the pit; then ye shall understand that these men have provoked the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>And it came to pass, as he had made an end of speaking all these words, that the ground clave asunder that was under them: <span class="ver">32</span>And the earth opened her mouth, and sM
wallowed them up, and their houses, and all the men that appertained unto Korah, and all their goods. <span class="ver">33</span>They, and all that appertained to them, went down alive into the pit, and the earth closed upon them: and they perished from among the congregation. <span class="ver">34</span>And all Israel that were round about them fled at the cry of them: for they said, Lest the earth swallow us up also. <span class="ver">35</span>And there came out a fire from the LORD, and consumed the two hundred aM
nd fifty men that offered incense. </p>
<p><span class="ver">36</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">37</span>Speak unto Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest, that he take up the censers out of the burning, and scatter thou the fire yonder; for they are hallowed. <span class="ver">38</span>The censers of these sinners against their own souls, let them make them broad plates for a covering of the altar: for they offered them before the LORD, therefore they are hallowed: and they shall be aM
sign unto the children of Israel. <span class="ver">39</span>And Eleazar the priest took the brasen censers, wherewith they that were burnt had offered; and they were made broad plates for a covering of the altar: <span class="ver">40</span>To be a memorial unto the children of Israel, that no stranger, which is not of the seed of Aaron, come near to offer incense before the LORD; that he be not as Korah, and as his company: as the LORD said to him by the hand of Moses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">41</span>But on M
the morrow all the congregation of the children of Israel murmured against Moses and against Aaron, saying, Ye have killed the people of the LORD. <span class="ver">42</span>And it came to pass, when the congregation was gathered against Moses and against Aaron, that they looked toward the tabernacle of the congregation: and, behold, the cloud covered it, and the glory of the LORD appeared. <span class="ver">43</span>And Moses and Aaron came before the tabernacle of the congregation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">44<M
/span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">45</span>Get you up from among this congregation, that I may consume them as in a moment. And they fell upon their faces. </p>
<p><span class="ver">46</span>And Moses said unto Aaron, Take a censer, and put fire therein from off the altar, and put on incense, and go quickly unto the congregation, and make an atonement for them: for there is wrath gone out from the LORD; the plague is begun. <span class="ver">47</span>And Aaron took as Moses commanded,M
and ran into the midst of the congregation; and, behold, the plague was begun among the people: and he put on incense, and made an atonement for the people. <span class="ver">48</span>And he stood between the dead and the living; and the plague was stayed. <span class="ver">49</span>Now they that died in the plague were fourteen thousand and seven hundred, beside them that died about the matter of Korah. <span class="ver">50</span>And Aaron returned unto Moses unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation: aM
nd the plague was stayed.
<h2 id="c17">Chapter 17</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Speak unto the children of Israel, and take of every one of them a rod according to the house of their fathers, of all their princes according to the house of their fathers twelve rods: write thou every man
s name upon his rod. <span class="ver">3</span>And thou shalt write Aaron
s name upon the rod of Levi: for one rod shall be for the head of the house of tM
heir fathers. <span class="ver">4</span>And thou shalt lay them up in the tabernacle of the congregation before the testimony, where I will meet with you. <span class="ver">5</span>And it shall come to pass, that the man
s rod, whom I shall choose, shall blossom: and I will make to cease from me the murmurings of the children of Israel, whereby they murmur against you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And Moses spake unto the children of Israel, and every one of their princes gave him a rod apiece, for each prM
ince one, according to their fathers
houses, even twelve rods: and the rod of Aaron was among their rods. <span class="ver">7</span>And Moses laid up the rods before the LORD in the tabernacle of witness. <span class="ver">8</span>And it came to pass, that on the morrow Moses went into the tabernacle of witness; and, behold, the rod of Aaron for the house of Levi was budded, and brought forth buds, and bloomed blossoms, and yielded almonds. <span class="ver">9</span>And Moses brought out all the rods from beforeM
the LORD unto all the children of Israel: and they looked, and took every man his rod. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Bring Aaron
s rod again before the testimony, to be kept for a token against the rebels; and thou shalt quite take away their murmurings from me, that they die not. <span class="ver">11</span>And Moses did so: as the LORD commanded him, so did he. <span class="ver">12</span>And the children of Israel spake unto Moses, saying, Behold, we die, we perish, we all pM
erish. <span class="ver">13</span>Whosoever cometh any thing near unto the tabernacle of the LORD shall die: shall we be consumed with dying?
<h2 id="c18">Chapter 18</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD said unto Aaron, Thou and thy sons and thy father
s house with thee shall bear the iniquity of the sanctuary: and thou and thy sons with thee shall bear the iniquity of your priesthood. <span class="ver">2</span>And thy brethren also of the tribe of Levi, the tribe of thy father, bring thou with thM
ee, that they may be joined unto thee, and minister unto thee: but thou and thy sons with thee shall minister before the tabernacle of witness. <span class="ver">3</span>And they shall keep thy charge, and the charge of all the tabernacle: only they shall not come nigh the vessels of the sanctuary and the altar, that neither they, nor ye also, die. <span class="ver">4</span>And they shall be joined unto thee, and keep the charge of the tabernacle of the congregation, for all the service of the tabernacle: and a strM
anger shall not come nigh unto you. <span class="ver">5</span>And ye shall keep the charge of the sanctuary, and the charge of the altar: that there be no wrath any more upon the children of Israel. <span class="ver">6</span>And I, behold, I have taken your brethren the Levites from among the children of Israel: to you they are given as a gift for the LORD, to do the service of the tabernacle of the congregation. <span class="ver">7</span>Therefore thou and thy sons with thee shall keep your priest
very thing of the altar, and within the vail; and ye shall serve: I have given your priest
s office unto you as a service of gift: and the stranger that cometh nigh shall be put to death. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And the LORD spake unto Aaron, Behold, I also have given thee the charge of mine heave offerings of all the hallowed things of the children of Israel; unto thee have I given them by reason of the anointing, and to thy sons, by an ordinance for ever. <span class="ver">9</span>This shall be thinM
e of the most holy things, reserved from the fire: every oblation of theirs, every meat offering of theirs, and every sin offering of theirs, and every trespass offering of theirs, which they shall render unto me, shall be most holy for thee and for thy sons. <span class="ver">10</span>In the most holy place shalt thou eat it; every male shall eat it: it shall be holy unto thee. <span class="ver">11</span>And this is thine; the heave offering of their gift, with all the wave offerings of the children of Israel: I hM
ave given them unto thee, and to thy sons and to thy daughters with thee, by a statute for ever: every one that is clean in thy house shall eat of it. <span class="ver">12</span>All the best of the oil, and all the best of the wine, and of the wheat, the firstfruits of them which they shall offer unto the LORD, them have I given thee. <span class="ver">13</span>And whatsoever is first ripe in the land, which they shall bring unto the LORD, shall be thine; every one that is clean in thine house shall eat of it. <spaM
n class="ver">14</span>Every thing devoted in Israel shall be thine. <span class="ver">15</span>Every thing that openeth the matrix in all flesh, which they bring unto the LORD, whether it be of men or beasts, shall be thine: nevertheless the firstborn of man shalt thou surely redeem, and the firstling of unclean beasts shalt thou redeem. <span class="ver">16</span>And those that are to be redeemed from a month old shalt thou redeem, according to thine estimation, for the money of five shekels, after the shekel of M
the sanctuary, which is twenty gerahs. <span class="ver">17</span>But the firstling of a cow, or the firstling of a sheep, or the firstling of a goat, thou shalt not redeem; they are holy: thou shalt sprinkle their blood upon the altar, and shalt burn their fat for an offering made by fire, for a sweet savour unto the LORD. <span class="ver">18</span>And the flesh of them shall be thine, as the wave breast and as the right shoulder are thine. <span class="ver">19</span>All the heave offerings of the holy things, whM
ich the children of Israel offer unto the LORD, have I given thee, and thy sons and thy daughters with thee, by a statute for ever: it is a covenant of salt for ever before the LORD unto thee and to thy seed with thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And the LORD spake unto Aaron, Thou shalt have no inheritance in their land, neither shalt thou have any part among them: I am thy part and thine inheritance among the children of Israel. <span class="ver">21</span>And, behold, I have given the children of Levi alM
l the tenth in Israel for an inheritance, for their service which they serve, even the service of the tabernacle of the congregation. <span class="ver">22</span>Neither must the children of Israel henceforth come nigh the tabernacle of the congregation, lest they bear sin, and die. <span class="ver">23</span>But the Levites shall do the service of the tabernacle of the congregation, and they shall bear their iniquity: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations, that among the children of Israel theyM
have no inheritance. <span class="ver">24</span>But the tithes of the children of Israel, which they offer as an heave offering unto the LORD, I have given to the Levites to inherit: therefore I have said unto them, Among the children of Israel they shall have no inheritance. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">26</span>Thus speak unto the Levites, and say unto them, When ye take of the children of Israel the tithes which I have given you from them for yourM
inheritance, then ye shall offer up an heave offering of it for the LORD, even a tenth part of the tithe. <span class="ver">27</span>And this your heave offering shall be reckoned unto you, as though it were the corn of the threshingfloor, and as the fulness of the winepress. <span class="ver">28</span>Thus ye also shall offer an heave offering unto the LORD of all your tithes, which ye receive of the children of Israel; and ye shall give thereof the LORD
s heave offering to Aaron the priest. <span class="ver">2M
9</span>Out of all your gifts ye shall offer every heave offering of the LORD, of all the best thereof, even the hallowed part thereof out of it. <span class="ver">30</span>Therefore thou shalt say unto them, When ye have heaved the best thereof from it, then it shall be counted unto the Levites as the increase of the threshingfloor, and as the increase of the winepress. <span class="ver">31</span>And ye shall eat it in every place, ye and your households: for it is your reward for your service in the tabernacle ofM
the congregation. <span class="ver">32</span>And ye shall bear no sin by reason of it, when ye have heaved from it the best of it: neither shall ye pollute the holy things of the children of Israel, lest ye die.
<h2 id="c19">Chapter 19</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>This is the ordinance of the law which the LORD hath commanded, saying, Speak unto the children of Israel, that they bring thee a red heifer without spot, wherein M
is no blemish, and upon which never came yoke: <span class="ver">3</span>And ye shall give her unto Eleazar the priest, that he may bring her forth without the camp, and one shall slay her before his face: <span class="ver">4</span>And Eleazar the priest shall take of her blood with his finger, and sprinkle of her blood directly before the tabernacle of the congregation seven times: <span class="ver">5</span>And one shall burn the heifer in his sight; her skin, and her flesh, and her blood, with her dung, shall he M
burn: <span class="ver">6</span>And the priest shall take cedar wood, and hyssop, and scarlet, and cast it into the midst of the burning of the heifer. <span class="ver">7</span>Then the priest shall wash his clothes, and he shall bathe his flesh in water, and afterward he shall come into the camp, and the priest shall be unclean until the even. <span class="ver">8</span>And he that burneth her shall wash his clothes in water, and bathe his flesh in water, and shall be unclean until the even. <span class="ver">9</sM
pan>And a man that is clean shall gather up the ashes of the heifer, and lay them up without the camp in a clean place, and it shall be kept for the congregation of the children of Israel for a water of separation: it is a purification for sin. <span class="ver">10</span>And he that gathereth the ashes of the heifer shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even: and it shall be unto the children of Israel, and unto the stranger that sojourneth among them, for a statute for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">M
11</span>He that toucheth the dead body of any man shall be unclean seven days. <span class="ver">12</span>He shall purify himself with it on the third day, and on the seventh day he shall be clean: but if he purify not himself the third day, then the seventh day he shall not be clean. <span class="ver">13</span>Whosoever toucheth the dead body of any man that is dead, and purifieth not himself, defileth the tabernacle of the LORD; and that soul shall be cut off from Israel: because the water of separation was not M
sprinkled upon him, he shall be unclean; his uncleanness is yet upon him. <span class="ver">14</span>This is the law, when a man dieth in a tent: all that come into the tent, and all that is in the tent, shall be unclean seven days. <span class="ver">15</span>And every open vessel, which hath no covering bound upon it, is unclean. <span class="ver">16</span>And whosoever toucheth one that is slain with a sword in the open fields, or a dead body, or a bone of a man, or a grave, shall be unclean seven days. <span claM
ss="ver">17</span>And for an unclean person they shall take of the ashes of the burnt heifer of purification for sin, and running water shall be put thereto in a vessel: <span class="ver">18</span>And a clean person shall take hyssop, and dip it in the water, and sprinkle it upon the tent, and upon all the vessels, and upon the persons that were there, and upon him that touched a bone, or one slain, or one dead, or a grave: <span class="ver">19</span>And the clean person shall sprinkle upon the unclean on the thirdM
day, and on the seventh day: and on the seventh day he shall purify himself, and wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and shall be clean at even. <span class="ver">20</span>But the man that shall be unclean, and shall not purify himself, that soul shall be cut off from among the congregation, because he hath defiled the sanctuary of the LORD: the water of separation hath not been sprinkled upon him; he is unclean. <span class="ver">21</span>And it shall be a perpetual statute unto them, that he that sprinM
kleth the water of separation shall wash his clothes; and he that toucheth the water of separation shall be unclean until even. <span class="ver">22</span>And whatsoever the unclean person toucheth shall be unclean; and the soul that toucheth it shall be unclean until even.
<h2 id="c20">Chapter 20</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then came the children of Israel, even the whole congregation, into the desert of Zin in the first month: and the people abode in Kadesh; and Miriam died there, and was buried thereM
. <span class="ver">2</span>And there was no water for the congregation: and they gathered themselves together against Moses and against Aaron. <span class="ver">3</span>And the people chode with Moses, and spake, saying, Would God that we had died when our brethren died before the LORD! <span class="ver">4</span>And why have ye brought up the congregation of the LORD into this wilderness, that we and our cattle should die there? <span class="ver">5</span>And wherefore have ye made us to come up out of Egypt, to brM
ing us in unto this evil place? it is no place of seed, or of figs, or of vines, or of pomegranates; neither is there any water to drink. <span class="ver">6</span>And Moses and Aaron went from the presence of the assembly unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and they fell upon their faces: and the glory of the LORD appeared unto them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">8</span>Take the rod, and gather thou the assembly together, thou, and AaM
ron thy brother, and speak ye unto the rock before their eyes; and it shall give forth his water, and thou shalt bring forth to them water out of the rock: so thou shalt give the congregation and their beasts drink. <span class="ver">9</span>And Moses took the rod from before the LORD, as he commanded him. <span class="ver">10</span>And Moses and Aaron gathered the congregation together before the rock, and he said unto them, Hear now, ye rebels; must we fetch you water out of this rock? <span class="ver">11</span>M
And Moses lifted up his hand, and with his rod he smote the rock twice: and the water came out abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their beasts also. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron, Because ye believed me not, to sanctify me in the eyes of the children of Israel, therefore ye shall not bring this congregation into the land which I have given them. <span class="ver">13</span>This is the water of Meribah; because the children of Israel strove with the LORD, and hM
e was sanctified in them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And Moses sent messengers from Kadesh unto the king of Edom, Thus saith thy brother Israel, Thou knowest all the travail that hath befallen us: <span class="ver">15</span>How our fathers went down into Egypt, and we have dwelt in Egypt a long time; and the Egyptians vexed us, and our fathers: <span class="ver">16</span>And when we cried unto the LORD, he heard our voice, and sent an angel, and hath brought us forth out of Egypt: and, behold, we are in KM
adesh, a city in the uttermost of thy border: <span class="ver">17</span>Let us pass, I pray thee, through thy country: we will not pass through the fields, or through the vineyards, neither will we drink of the water of the wells: we will go by the king
s high way, we will not turn to the right hand nor to the left, until we have passed thy borders. <span class="ver">18</span>And Edom said unto him, Thou shalt not pass by me, lest I come out against thee with the sword. <span class="ver">19</span>And the childreM
n of Israel said unto him, We will go by the high way: and if I and my cattle drink of thy water, then I will pay for it: I will only, without doing any thing else, go through on my feet. <span class="ver">20</span>And he said, Thou shalt not go through. And Edom came out against him with much people, and with a strong hand. <span class="ver">21</span>Thus Edom refused to give Israel passage through his border: wherefore Israel turned away from him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And the children of Israel, eM
ven the whole congregation, journeyed from Kadesh, and came unto mount Hor. <span class="ver">23</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron in mount Hor, by the coast of the land of Edom, saying, <span class="ver">24</span>Aaron shall be gathered unto his people: for he shall not enter into the land which I have given unto the children of Israel, because ye rebelled against my word at the water of Meribah. <span class="ver">25</span>Take Aaron and Eleazar his son, and bring them up unto mount Hor: <span class="vM
er">26</span>And strip Aaron of his garments, and put them upon Eleazar his son: and Aaron shall be gathered unto his people, and shall die there. <span class="ver">27</span>And Moses did as the LORD commanded: and they went up into mount Hor in the sight of all the congregation. <span class="ver">28</span>And Moses stripped Aaron of his garments, and put them upon Eleazar his son; and Aaron died there in the top of the mount: and Moses and Eleazar came down from the mount. <span class="ver">29</span>And when all tM
he congregation saw that Aaron was dead, they mourned for Aaron thirty days, even all the house of Israel.
<h2 id="c21">Chapter 21</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And when king Arad the Canaanite, which dwelt in the south, heard tell that Israel came by the way of the spies; then he fought against Israel, and took some of them prisoners. <span class="ver">2</span>And Israel vowed a vow unto the LORD, and said, If thou wilt indeed deliver this people into my hand, then I will utterly destroy their cities. <sM
pan class="ver">3</span>And the LORD hearkened to the voice of Israel, and delivered up the Canaanites; and they utterly destroyed them and their cities: and he called the name of the place Hormah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And they journeyed from mount Hor by the way of the Red sea, to compass the land of Edom: and the soul of the people was much discouraged because of the way. <span class="ver">5</span>And the people spake against God, and against Moses, Wherefore have ye brought us up out of Egypt to dM
ie in the wilderness? for there is no bread, neither is there any water; and our soul loatheth this light bread. <span class="ver">6</span>And the LORD sent fiery serpents among the people, and they bit the people; and much people of Israel died. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Therefore the people came to Moses, and said, We have sinned, for we have spoken against the LORD, and against thee; pray unto the LORD, that he take away the serpents from us. And Moses prayed for the people. <span class="ver">8</span>AM
nd the LORD said unto Moses, Make thee a fiery serpent, and set it upon a pole: and it shall come to pass, that every one that is bitten, when he looketh upon it, shall live. <span class="ver">9</span>And Moses made a serpent of brass, and put it upon a pole, and it came to pass, that if a serpent had bitten any man, when he beheld the serpent of brass, he lived. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And the children of Israel set forward, and pitched in Oboth. <span class="ver">11</span>And they journeyed from ObotM
h, and pitched at Ije-abarim, in the wilderness which is before Moab, toward the sunrising. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>From thence they removed, and pitched in the valley of Zared. <span class="ver">13</span>From thence they removed, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, which is in the wilderness that cometh out of the coasts of the Amorites: for Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites. <span class="ver">14</span>Wherefore it is said in the book of the wars of the LORD, What he did iM
n the Red sea, and in the brooks of Arnon, <span class="ver">15</span>And at the stream of the brooks that goeth down to the dwelling of Ar, and lieth upon the border of Moab. <span class="ver">16</span>And from thence they went to Beer: that is the well whereof the LORD spake unto Moses, Gather the people together, and I will give them water. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Then Israel sang this song, Spring up, O well; sing ye unto it: <span class="ver">18</span>The princes digged the well, the nobles of theM
people digged it, by the direction of the lawgiver, with their staves. And from the wilderness they went to Mattanah: <span class="ver">19</span>And from Mattanah to Nahaliel: and from Nahaliel to Bamoth: <span class="ver">20</span>And from Bamoth in the valley, that is in the country of Moab, to the top of Pisgah, which looketh toward Jeshimon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And Israel sent messengers unto Sihon king of the Amorites, saying, <span class="ver">22</span>Let me pass through thy land: we will nM
ot turn into the fields, or into the vineyards; we will not drink of the waters of the well: but we will go along by the king
s high way, until we be past thy borders. <span class="ver">23</span>And Sihon would not suffer Israel to pass through his border: but Sihon gathered all his people together, and went out against Israel into the wilderness: and he came to Jahaz, and fought against Israel. <span class="ver">24</span>And Israel smote him with the edge of the sword, and possessed his land from Arnon unto JabbM
ok, even unto the children of Ammon: for the border of the children of Ammon was strong. <span class="ver">25</span>And Israel took all these cities: and Israel dwelt in all the cities of the Amorites, in Heshbon, and in all the villages thereof. <span class="ver">26</span>For Heshbon was the city of Sihon the king of the Amorites, who had fought against the former king of Moab, and taken all his land out of his hand, even unto Arnon. <span class="ver">27</span>Wherefore they that speak in proverbs say, Come into HM
eshbon, let the city of Sihon be built and prepared: <span class="ver">28</span>For there is a fire gone out of Heshbon, a flame from the city of Sihon: it hath consumed Ar of Moab, and the lords of the high places of Arnon. <span class="ver">29</span>Woe to thee, Moab! thou art undone, O people of Chemosh: he hath given his sons that escaped, and his daughters, into captivity unto Sihon king of the Amorites. <span class="ver">30</span>We have shot at them; Heshbon is perished even unto Dibon, and we have laid themM
waste even unto Nophah, which reacheth unto Medeba. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>Thus Israel dwelt in the land of the Amorites. <span class="ver">32</span>And Moses sent to spy out Jaazer, and they took the villages thereof, and drove out the Amorites that were there. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>And they turned and went up by the way of Bashan: and Og the king of Bashan went out against them, he, and all his people, to the battle at Edrei. <span class="ver">34</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, FM
ear him not: for I have delivered him into thy hand, and all his people, and his land; and thou shalt do to him as thou didst unto Sihon king of the Amorites, which dwelt at Heshbon. <span class="ver">35</span>So they smote him, and his sons, and all his people, until there was none left him alive: and they possessed his land.
<h2 id="c22">Chapter 22</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the children of Israel set forward, and pitched in the plains of Moab on this side Jordan by Jericho. </p>
="ver">2</span>And Balak the son of Zippor saw all that Israel had done to the Amorites. <span class="ver">3</span>And Moab was sore afraid of the people, because they were many: and Moab was distressed because of the children of Israel. <span class="ver">4</span>And Moab said unto the elders of Midian, Now shall this company lick up all that are round about us, as the ox licketh up the grass of the field. And Balak the son of Zippor was king of the Moabites at that time. <span class="ver">5</span>He sent messengerM
s therefore unto Balaam the son of Beor to Pethor, which is by the river of the land of the children of his people, to call him, saying, Behold, there is a people come out from Egypt: behold, they cover the face of the earth, and they abide over against me: <span class="ver">6</span>Come now therefore, I pray thee, curse me this people; for they are too mighty for me: peradventure I shall prevail, that we may smite them, and that I may drive them out of the land: for I wot that he whom thou blessest is blessed, andM
he whom thou cursest is cursed. <span class="ver">7</span>And the elders of Moab and the elders of Midian departed with the rewards of divination in their hand; and they came unto Balaam, and spake unto him the words of Balak. <span class="ver">8</span>And he said unto them, Lodge here this night, and I will bring you word again, as the LORD shall speak unto me: and the princes of Moab abode with Balaam. <span class="ver">9</span>And God came unto Balaam, and said, What men are these with thee? <span class="ver">1M
0</span>And Balaam said unto God, Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab, hath sent unto me, saying, <span class="ver">11</span>Behold, there is a people come out of Egypt, which covereth the face of the earth: come now, curse me them; peradventure I shall be able to overcome them, and drive them out. <span class="ver">12</span>And God said unto Balaam, Thou shalt not go with them; thou shalt not curse the people: for they are blessed. <span class="ver">13</span>And Balaam rose up in the morning, and said unto the pM
rinces of Balak, Get you into your land: for the LORD refuseth to give me leave to go with you. <span class="ver">14</span>And the princes of Moab rose up, and they went unto Balak, and said, Balaam refuseth to come with us. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And Balak sent yet again princes, more, and more honourable than they. <span class="ver">16</span>And they came to Balaam, and said to him, Thus saith Balak the son of Zippor, Let nothing, I pray thee, hinder thee from coming unto me: <span class="ver">17</sM
pan>For I will promote thee unto very great honour, and I will do whatsoever thou sayest unto me: come therefore, I pray thee, curse me this people. <span class="ver">18</span>And Balaam answered and said unto the servants of Balak, If Balak would give me his house full of silver and gold, I cannot go beyond the word of the LORD my God, to do less or more. <span class="ver">19</span>Now therefore, I pray you, tarry ye also here this night, that I may know what the LORD will say unto me more. <span class="ver">20</sM
pan>And God came unto Balaam at night, and said unto him, If the men come to call thee, rise up, and go with them; but yet the word which I shall say unto thee, that shalt thou do. <span class="ver">21</span>And Balaam rose up in the morning, and saddled his ass, and went with the princes of Moab. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And God
s anger was kindled because he went: and the angel of the LORD stood in the way for an adversary against him. Now he was riding upon his ass, and his two servants were with hM
im. <span class="ver">23</span>And the ass saw the angel of the LORD standing in the way, and his sword drawn in his hand: and the ass turned aside out of the way, and went into the field: and Balaam smote the ass, to turn her into the way. <span class="ver">24</span>But the angel of the LORD stood in a path of the vineyards, a wall being on this side, and a wall on that side. <span class="ver">25</span>And when the ass saw the angel of the LORD, she thrust herself unto the wall, and crushed Balaam
the wall: and he smote her again. <span class="ver">26</span>And the angel of the LORD went further, and stood in a narrow place, where was no way to turn either to the right hand or to the left. <span class="ver">27</span>And when the ass saw the angel of the LORD, she fell down under Balaam: and Balaam
s anger was kindled, and he smote the ass with a staff. <span class="ver">28</span>And the LORD opened the mouth of the ass, and she said unto Balaam, What have I done unto thee, that thou hast smitten me these M
three times? <span class="ver">29</span>And Balaam said unto the ass, Because thou hast mocked me: I would there were a sword in mine hand, for now would I kill thee. <span class="ver">30</span>And the ass said unto Balaam, Am not I thine ass, upon which thou hast ridden ever since I was thine unto this day? was I ever wont to do so unto thee? And he said, Nay. <span class="ver">31</span>Then the LORD opened the eyes of Balaam, and he saw the angel of the LORD standing in the way, and his sword drawn in his hand: aM
nd he bowed down his head, and fell flat on his face. <span class="ver">32</span>And the angel of the LORD said unto him, Wherefore hast thou smitten thine ass these three times? behold, I went out to withstand thee, because thy way is perverse before me: <span class="ver">33</span>And the ass saw me, and turned from me these three times: unless she had turned from me, surely now also I had slain thee, and saved her alive. <span class="ver">34</span>And Balaam said unto the angel of the LORD, I have sinned; for I kM
new not that thou stoodest in the way against me: now therefore, if it displease thee, I will get me back again. <span class="ver">35</span>And the angel of the LORD said unto Balaam, Go with the men: but only the word that I shall speak unto thee, that thou shalt speak. So Balaam went with the princes of Balak. </p>
<p><span class="ver">36</span>And when Balak heard that Balaam was come, he went out to meet him unto a city of Moab, which is in the border of Arnon, which is in the utmost coast. <span class="ver">M
37</span>And Balak said unto Balaam, Did I not earnestly send unto thee to call thee? wherefore camest thou not unto me? am I not able indeed to promote thee to honour? <span class="ver">38</span>And Balaam said unto Balak, Lo, I am come unto thee: have I now any power at all to say any thing? the word that God putteth in my mouth, that shall I speak. <span class="ver">39</span>And Balaam went with Balak, and they came unto Kirjath-huzoth. <span class="ver">40</span>And Balak offered oxen and sheep, and sent to BalM
aam, and to the princes that were with him. <span class="ver">41</span>And it came to pass on the morrow, that Balak took Balaam, and brought him up into the high places of Baal, that thence he might see the utmost part of the people.
<h2 id="c23">Chapter 23</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Balaam said unto Balak, Build me here seven altars, and prepare me here seven oxen and seven rams. <span class="ver">2</span>And Balak did as Balaam had spoken; and Balak and Balaam offered on every altar a bullock anM
d a ram. <span class="ver">3</span>And Balaam said unto Balak, Stand by thy burnt offering, and I will go: peradventure the LORD will come to meet me: and whatsoever he sheweth me I will tell thee. And he went to an high place. <span class="ver">4</span>And God met Balaam: and he said unto him, I have prepared seven altars, and I have offered upon every altar a bullock and a ram. <span class="ver">5</span>And the LORD put a word in Balaam
s mouth, and said, Return unto Balak, and thus thou shalt speak. <span clasM
s="ver">6</span>And he returned unto him, and, lo, he stood by his burnt sacrifice, he, and all the princes of Moab. <span class="ver">7</span>And he took up his parable, and said, Balak the king of Moab hath brought me from Aram, out of the mountains of the east, saying, Come, curse me Jacob, and come, defy Israel. <span class="ver">8</span>How shall I curse, whom God hath not cursed? or how shall I defy, whom the LORD hath not defied? <span class="ver">9</span>For from the top of the rocks I see him, and from theM
hills I behold him: lo, the people shall dwell alone, and shall not be reckoned among the nations. <span class="ver">10</span>Who can count the dust of Jacob, and the number of the fourth part of Israel? Let me die the death of the righteous, and let my last end be like his! <span class="ver">11</span>And Balak said unto Balaam, What hast thou done unto me? I took thee to curse mine enemies, and, behold, thou hast blessed them altogether. <span class="ver">12</span>And he answered and said, Must I not take heed toM
speak that which the LORD hath put in my mouth? <span class="ver">13</span>And Balak said unto him, Come, I pray thee, with me unto another place, from whence thou mayest see them: thou shalt see but the utmost part of them, and shalt not see them all: and curse me them from thence. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And he brought him into the field of Zophim, to the top of Pisgah, and built seven altars, and offered a bullock and a ram on every altar. <span class="ver">15</span>And he said unto Balak, Stand heM
re by thy burnt offering, while I meet the Lord yonder. <span class="ver">16</span>And the LORD met Balaam, and put a word in his mouth, and said, Go again unto Balak, and say thus. <span class="ver">17</span>And when he came to him, behold, he stood by his burnt offering, and the princes of Moab with him. And Balak said unto him, What hath the LORD spoken? <span class="ver">18</span>And he took up his parable, and said, Rise up, Balak, and hear; hearken unto me, thou son of Zippor: <span class="ver">19</span>God iM
s not a man, that he should lie; neither the son of man, that he should repent: hath he said, and shall he not do it? or hath he spoken, and shall he not make it good? <span class="ver">20</span>Behold, I have received commandment to bless: and he hath blessed; and I cannot reverse it. <span class="ver">21</span>He hath not beheld iniquity in Jacob, neither hath he seen perverseness in Israel: the LORD his God is with him, and the shout of a king is among them. <span class="ver">22</span>God brought them out of EgyM
pt; he hath as it were the strength of an unicorn. <span class="ver">23</span>Surely there is no enchantment against Jacob, neither is there any divination against Israel: according to this time it shall be said of Jacob and of Israel, What hath God wrought! <span class="ver">24</span>Behold, the people shall rise up as a great lion, and lift up himself as a young lion: he shall not lie down until he eat of the prey, and drink the blood of the slain. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And Balak said unto Balaam, M
Neither curse them at all, nor bless them at all. <span class="ver">26</span>But Balaam answered and said unto Balak, Told not I thee, saying, All that the LORD speaketh, that I must do? </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>And Balak said unto Balaam, Come, I pray thee, I will bring thee unto another place; peradventure it will please God that thou mayest curse me them from thence. <span class="ver">28</span>And Balak brought Balaam unto the top of Peor, that looketh toward Jeshimon. <span class="ver">29</span>And M
Balaam said unto Balak, Build me here seven altars, and prepare me here seven bullocks and seven rams. <span class="ver">30</span>And Balak did as Balaam had said, and offered a bullock and a ram on every altar.
<h2 id="c24">Chapter 24</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And when Balaam saw that it pleased the LORD to bless Israel, he went not, as at other times, to seek for enchantments, but he set his face toward the wilderness. <span class="ver">2</span>And Balaam lifted up his eyes, and he saw Israel abidinM
g in his tents according to their tribes; and the spirit of God came upon him. <span class="ver">3</span>And he took up his parable, and said, Balaam the son of Beor hath said, and the man whose eyes are open hath said: <span class="ver">4</span>He hath said, which heard the words of God, which saw the vision of the Almighty, falling into a trance, but having his eyes open: <span class="ver">5</span>How goodly are thy tents, O Jacob, and thy tabernacles, O Israel! <span class="ver">6</span>As the valleys are they sM
pread forth, as gardens by the river
s side, as the trees of lign aloes which the LORD hath planted, and as cedar trees beside the waters. <span class="ver">7</span>He shall pour the water out of his buckets, and his seed shall be in many waters, and his king shall be higher than Agag, and his kingdom shall be exalted. <span class="ver">8</span>God brought him forth out of Egypt; he hath as it were the strength of an unicorn: he shall eat up the nations his enemies, and shall break their bones, and pierce them thM
rough with his arrows. <span class="ver">9</span>He couched, he lay down as a lion, and as a great lion: who shall stir him up? Blessed is he that blesseth thee, and cursed is he that curseth thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And Balak
s anger was kindled against Balaam, and he smote his hands together: and Balak said unto Balaam, I called thee to curse mine enemies, and, behold, thou hast altogether blessed them these three times. <span class="ver">11</span>Therefore now flee thou to thy place: I thoughM
t to promote thee unto great honour; but, lo, the LORD hath kept thee back from honour. <span class="ver">12</span>And Balaam said unto Balak, Spake I not also to thy messengers which thou sentest unto me, saying, <span class="ver">13</span>If Balak would give me his house full of silver and gold, I cannot go beyond the commandment of the LORD, to do either good or bad of mine own mind; but what the LORD saith, that will I speak? <span class="ver">14</span>And now, behold, I go unto my people: come therefore, and IM
will advertise thee what this people shall do to thy people in the latter days. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And he took up his parable, and said, Balaam the son of Beor hath said, and the man whose eyes are open hath said: <span class="ver">16</span>He hath said, which heard the words of God, and knew the knowledge of the most High, which saw the vision of the Almighty, falling into a trance, but having his eyes open: <span class="ver">17</span>I shall see him, but not now: I shall behold him, but not nigM
h: there shall come a Star out of Jacob, and a Sceptre shall rise out of Israel, and shall smite the corners of Moab, and destroy all the children of Sheth. <span class="ver">18</span>And Edom shall be a possession, Seir also shall be a possession for his enemies; and Israel shall do valiantly. <span class="ver">19</span>Out of Jacob shall come he that shall have dominion, and shall destroy him that remaineth of the city. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And when he looked on Amalek, he took up his parable, andM
said, Amalek was the first of the nations; but his latter end shall be that he perish for ever. <span class="ver">21</span>And he looked on the Kenites, and took up his parable, and said, Strong is thy dwellingplace, and thou puttest thy nest in a rock. <span class="ver">22</span>Nevertheless the Kenite shall be wasted, until Asshur shall carry thee away captive. <span class="ver">23</span>And he took up his parable, and said, Alas, who shall live when God doeth this! <span class="ver">24</span>And ships shall comM
e from the coast of Chittim, and shall afflict Asshur, and shall afflict Eber, and he also shall perish for ever. <span class="ver">25</span>And Balaam rose up, and went and returned to his place: and Balak also went his way.
<h2 id="c25">Chapter 25</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Israel abode in Shittim, and the people began to commit whoredom with the daughters of Moab. <span class="ver">2</span>And they called the people unto the sacrifices of their gods: and the people did eat, and bowed down to theM
ir gods. <span class="ver">3</span>And Israel joined himself unto Baal-peor: and the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel. <span class="ver">4</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Take all the heads of the people, and hang them up before the LORD against the sun, that the fierce anger of the LORD may be turned away from Israel. <span class="ver">5</span>And Moses said unto the judges of Israel, Slay ye every one his men that were joined unto Baal-peor. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And, behold, one of M
the children of Israel came and brought unto his brethren a Midianitish woman in the sight of Moses, and in the sight of all the congregation of the children of Israel, who were weeping before the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. <span class="ver">7</span>And when Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the priest, saw it, he rose up from among the congregation, and took a javelin in his hand; <span class="ver">8</span>And he went after the man of Israel into the tent, and thrust both of them throM
ugh, the man of Israel, and the woman through her belly. So the plague was stayed from the children of Israel. <span class="ver">9</span>And those that died in the plague were twenty and four thousand. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">11</span>Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the priest, hath turned my wrath away from the children of Israel, while he was zealous for my sake among them, that I consumed not the children of Israel in my jealousM
y. <span class="ver">12</span>Wherefore say, Behold, I give unto him my covenant of peace: <span class="ver">13</span>And he shall have it, and his seed after him, even the covenant of an everlasting priesthood; because he was zealous for his God, and made an atonement for the children of Israel. <span class="ver">14</span>Now the name of the Israelite that was slain, even that was slain with the Midianitish woman, was Zimri, the son of Salu, a prince of a chief house among the Simeonites. <span class="ver">15</spaM
n>And the name of the Midianitish woman that was slain was Cozbi, the daughter of Zur; he was head over a people, and of a chief house in Midian. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">17</span>Vex the Midianites, and smite them: <span class="ver">18</span>For they vex you with their wiles, wherewith they have beguiled you in the matter of Peor, and in the matter of Cozbi, the daughter of a prince of Midian, their sister, which was slain in the day of the plaguM
<h2 id="c26">Chapter 26</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass after the plague, that the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Take the sum of all the congregation of the children of Israel, from twenty years old and upward, throughout their fathers
house, all that are able to go to war in Israel. <span class="ver">3</span>And Moses and Eleazar the priest spake with them in the plains of Moab by Jordan nearM
Jericho, saying, <span class="ver">4</span>Take the sum of the people, from twenty years old and upward; as the LORD commanded Moses and the children of Israel, which went forth out of the land of Egypt. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Reuben, the eldest son of Israel: the children of Reuben; Hanoch, of whom cometh the family of the Hanochites: of Pallu, the family of the Palluites: <span class="ver">6</span>Of Hezron, the family of the Hezronites: of Carmi, the family of the Carmites. <span class="ver">7</spaM
n>These are the families of the Reubenites: and they that were numbered of them were forty and three thousand and seven hundred and thirty. <span class="ver">8</span>And the sons of Pallu; Eliab. <span class="ver">9</span>And the sons of Eliab; Nemuel, and Dathan, and Abiram. This is that Dathan and Abiram, which were famous in the congregation, who strove against Moses and against Aaron in the company of Korah, when they strove against the LORD: <span class="ver">10</span>And the earth opened her mouth, and swalloM
wed them up together with Korah, when that company died, what time the fire devoured two hundred and fifty men: and they became a sign. <span class="ver">11</span>Notwithstanding the children of Korah died not. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>The sons of Simeon after their families: of Nemuel, the family of the Nemuelites: of Jamin, the family of the Jaminites: of Jachin, the family of the Jachinites: <span class="ver">13</span>Of Zerah, the family of the Zarhites: of Shaul, the family of the Shaulites. <span M
class="ver">14</span>These are the families of the Simeonites, twenty and two thousand and two hundred. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>The children of Gad after their families: of Zephon, the family of the Zephonites: of Haggi, the family of the Haggites: of Shuni, the family of the Shunites: <span class="ver">16</span>Of Ozni, the family of the Oznites: of Eri, the family of the Erites: <span class="ver">17</span>Of Arod, the family of the Arodites: of Areli, the family of the Arelites. <span class="ver">18<M
/span>These are the families of the children of Gad according to those that were numbered of them, forty thousand and five hundred. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>The sons of Judah were Er and Onan: and Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan. <span class="ver">20</span>And the sons of Judah after their families were; of Shelah, the family of the Shelanites: of Pharez, the family of the Pharzites: of Zerah, the family of the Zarhites. <span class="ver">21</span>And the sons of Pharez were; of Hezron, the familM
y of the Hezronites: of Hamul, the family of the Hamulites. <span class="ver">22</span>These are the families of Judah according to those that were numbered of them, threescore and sixteen thousand and five hundred. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>Of the sons of Issachar after their families: of Tola, the family of the Tolaites: of Pua, the family of the Punites: <span class="ver">24</span>Of Jashub, the family of the Jashubites: of Shimron, the family of the Shimronites. <span class="ver">25</span>These are tM
he families of Issachar according to those that were numbered of them, threescore and four thousand and three hundred. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>Of the sons of Zebulun after their families: of Sered, the family of the Sardites: of Elon, the family of the Elonites: of Jahleel, the family of the Jahleelites. <span class="ver">27</span>These are the families of the Zebulunites according to those that were numbered of them, threescore thousand and five hundred. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>The sons oM
f Joseph after their families were Manasseh and Ephraim. <span class="ver">29</span>Of the sons of Manasseh: of Machir, the family of the Machirites: and Machir begat Gilead: of Gilead come the family of the Gileadites. <span class="ver">30</span>These are the sons of Gilead: of Jeezer, the family of the Jeezerites: of Helek, the family of the Helekites: <span class="ver">31</span>And of Asriel, the family of the Asrielites: and of Shechem, the family of the Shechemites: <span class="ver">32</span>And of Shemida, tM
he family of the Shemidaites: and of Hepher, the family of the Hepherites. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>And Zelophehad the son of Hepher had no sons, but daughters: and the names of the daughters of Zelophehad were Mahlah, and Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah. <span class="ver">34</span>These are the families of Manasseh, and those that were numbered of them, fifty and two thousand and seven hundred. </p>
<p><span class="ver">35</span>These are the sons of Ephraim after their families: of Shuthelah, the fM
amily of the Shuthalhites: of Becher, the family of the Bachrites: of Tahan, the family of the Tahanites. <span class="ver">36</span>And these are the sons of Shuthelah: of Eran, the family of the Eranites. <span class="ver">37</span>These are the families of the sons of Ephraim according to those that were numbered of them, thirty and two thousand and five hundred. These are the sons of Joseph after their families. </p>
<p><span class="ver">38</span>The sons of Benjamin after their families: of Bela, the family M
of the Belaites: of Ashbel, the family of the Ashbelites: of Ahiram, the family of the Ahiramites: <span class="ver">39</span>Of Shupham, the family of the Shuphamites: of Hupham, the family of the Huphamites. <span class="ver">40</span>And the sons of Bela were Ard and Naaman: of Ard, the family of the Ardites: and of Naaman, the family of the Naamites. <span class="ver">41</span>These are the sons of Benjamin after their families: and they that were numbered of them were forty and five thousand and six hundred. <M
<p><span class="ver">42</span>These are the sons of Dan after their families: of Shuham, the family of the Shuhamites. These are the families of Dan after their families. <span class="ver">43</span>All the families of the Shuhamites, according to those that were numbered of them, were threescore and four thousand and four hundred. </p>
<p><span class="ver">44</span>Of the children of Asher after their families: of Jimna, the family of the Jimnites: of Jesui, the family of the Jesuites: of Beriah, the familyM
of the Beriites. <span class="ver">45</span>Of the sons of Beriah: of Heber, the family of the Heberites: of Malchiel, the family of the Malchielites. <span class="ver">46</span>And the name of the daughter of Asher was Sarah. <span class="ver">47</span>These are the families of the sons of Asher according to those that were numbered of them; who were fifty and three thousand and four hundred. </p>
<p><span class="ver">48</span>Of the sons of Naphtali after their families: of Jahzeel, the family of the JahzeelitM
es: of Guni, the family of the Gunites: <span class="ver">49</span>Of Jezer, the family of the Jezerites: of Shillem, the family of the Shillemites. <span class="ver">50</span>These are the families of Naphtali according to their families: and they that were numbered of them were forty and five thousand and four hundred. <span class="ver">51</span>These were the numbered of the children of Israel, six hundred thousand and a thousand seven hundred and thirty. </p>
<p><span class="ver">52</span>And the LORD spake uM
nto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">53</span>Unto these the land shall be divided for an inheritance according to the number of names. <span class="ver">54</span>To many thou shalt give the more inheritance, and to few thou shalt give the less inheritance: to every one shall his inheritance be given according to those that were numbered of him. <span class="ver">55</span>Notwithstanding the land shall be divided by lot: according to the names of the tribes of their fathers they shall inherit. <span class="ver">56<M
/span>According to the lot shall the possession thereof be divided between many and few. </p>
<p><span class="ver">57</span>And these are they that were numbered of the Levites after their families: of Gershon, the family of the Gershonites: of Kohath, the family of the Kohathites: of Merari, the family of the Merarites. <span class="ver">58</span>These are the families of the Levites: the family of the Libnites, the family of the Hebronites, the family of the Mahlites, the family of the Mushites, the family of tM
he Korathites. And Kohath begat Amram. <span class="ver">59</span>And the name of Amram
s wife was Jochebed, the daughter of Levi, whom her mother bare to Levi in Egypt: and she bare unto Amram Aaron and Moses, and Miriam their sister. <span class="ver">60</span>And unto Aaron was born Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. <span class="ver">61</span>And Nadab and Abihu died, when they offered strange fire before the LORD. <span class="ver">62</span>And those that were numbered of them were twenty and three thouM
sand, all males from a month old and upward: for they were not numbered among the children of Israel, because there was no inheritance given them among the children of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">63</span>These are they that were numbered by Moses and Eleazar the priest, who numbered the children of Israel in the plains of Moab by Jordan near Jericho. <span class="ver">64</span>But among these there was not a man of them whom Moses and Aaron the priest numbered, when they numbered the children of Israel in M
the wilderness of Sinai. <span class="ver">65</span>For the LORD had said of them, They shall surely die in the wilderness. And there was not left a man of them, save Caleb the son of Jephunneh, and Joshua the son of Nun.
<h2 id="c27">Chapter 27</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then came the daughters of Zelophehad, the son of Hepher, the son of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh, of the families of Manasseh the son of Joseph: and these are the names of his daughters; Mahlah, Noah, and Hoglah, anM
d Milcah, and Tirzah. <span class="ver">2</span>And they stood before Moses, and before Eleazar the priest, and before the princes and all the congregation, by the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, saying, <span class="ver">3</span>Our father died in the wilderness, and he was not in the company of them that gathered themselves together against the LORD in the company of Korah; but died in his own sin, and had no sons. <span class="ver">4</span>Why should the name of our father be done away from among hisM
family, because he hath no son? Give unto us therefore a possession among the brethren of our father. <span class="ver">5</span>And Moses brought their cause before the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">7</span>The daughters of Zelophehad speak right: thou shalt surely give them a possession of an inheritance among their father
s brethren; and thou shalt cause the inheritance of their father to pass unto them. <span class="ver">8</span>And thou shaM
lt speak unto the children of Israel, saying, If a man die, and have no son, then ye shall cause his inheritance to pass unto his daughter. <span class="ver">9</span>And if he have no daughter, then ye shall give his inheritance unto his brethren. <span class="ver">10</span>And if he have no brethren, then ye shall give his inheritance unto his father
s brethren. <span class="ver">11</span>And if his father have no brethren, then ye shall give his inheritance unto his kinsman that is next to him of his family, anM
d he shall possess it: and it shall be unto the children of Israel a statute of judgment, as the LORD commanded Moses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Get thee up into this mount Abarim, and see the land which I have given unto the children of Israel. <span class="ver">13</span>And when thou hast seen it, thou also shalt be gathered unto thy people, as Aaron thy brother was gathered. <span class="ver">14</span>For ye rebelled against my commandment in the desert of Zin, in the strM
ife of the congregation, to sanctify me at the water before their eyes: that is the water of Meribah in Kadesh in the wilderness of Zin. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And Moses spake unto the LORD, saying, <span class="ver">16</span>Let the LORD, the God of the spirits of all flesh, set a man over the congregation, <span class="ver">17</span>Which may go out before them, and which may go in before them, and which may lead them out, and which may bring them in; that the congregation of the LORD be not as sheeM
p which have no shepherd. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Take thee Joshua the son of Nun, a man in whom is the spirit, and lay thine hand upon him; <span class="ver">19</span>And set him before Eleazar the priest, and before all the congregation; and give him a charge in their sight. <span class="ver">20</span>And thou shalt put some of thine honour upon him, that all the congregation of the children of Israel may be obedient. <span class="ver">21</span>And he shall stand before M
Eleazar the priest, who shall ask counsel for him after the judgment of Urim before the LORD: at his word shall they go out, and at his word they shall come in, both he, and all the children of Israel with him, even all the congregation. <span class="ver">22</span>And Moses did as the LORD commanded him: and he took Joshua, and set him before Eleazar the priest, and before all the congregation: <span class="ver">23</span>And he laid his hands upon him, and gave him a charge, as the LORD commanded by the hand of MosM
<h2 id="c28">Chapter 28</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Command the children of Israel, and say unto them, My offering, and my bread for my sacrifices made by fire, for a sweet savour unto me, shall ye observe to offer unto me in their due season. <span class="ver">3</span>And thou shalt say unto them, This is the offering made by fire which ye shall offer unto the LORD; two lambs of the first year without spot day by day, for a continual M
burnt offering. <span class="ver">4</span>The one lamb shalt thou offer in the morning, and the other lamb shalt thou offer at even; <span class="ver">5</span>And a tenth part of an ephah of flour for a meat offering, mingled with the fourth part of an hin of beaten oil. <span class="ver">6</span>It is a continual burnt offering, which was ordained in mount Sinai for a sweet savour, a sacrifice made by fire unto the LORD. <span class="ver">7</span>And the drink offering thereof shall be the fourth part of an hin foM
r the one lamb: in the holy place shalt thou cause the strong wine to be poured unto the LORD for a drink offering. <span class="ver">8</span>And the other lamb shalt thou offer at even: as the meat offering of the morning, and as the drink offering thereof, thou shalt offer it, a sacrifice made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And on the sabbath day two lambs of the first year without spot, and two tenth deals of flour for a meat offering, mingled with oil, and the drinM
k offering thereof: <span class="ver">10</span>This is the burnt offering of every sabbath, beside the continual burnt offering, and his drink offering. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And in the beginnings of your months ye shall offer a burnt offering unto the LORD; two young bullocks, and one ram, seven lambs of the first year without spot; <span class="ver">12</span>And three tenth deals of flour for a meat offering, mingled with oil, for one bullock; and two tenth deals of flour for a meat offering, minglM
ed with oil, for one ram; <span class="ver">13</span>And a several tenth deal of flour mingled with oil for a meat offering unto one lamb; for a burnt offering of a sweet savour, a sacrifice made by fire unto the LORD. <span class="ver">14</span>And their drink offerings shall be half an hin of wine unto a bullock, and the third part of an hin unto a ram, and a fourth part of an hin unto a lamb: this is the burnt offering of every month throughout the months of the year. <span class="ver">15</span>And one kid of thM
e goats for a sin offering unto the LORD shall be offered, beside the continual burnt offering, and his drink offering. <span class="ver">16</span>And in the fourteenth day of the first month is the passover of the LORD. <span class="ver">17</span>And in the fifteenth day of this month is the feast: seven days shall unleavened bread be eaten. <span class="ver">18</span>In the first day shall be an holy convocation; ye shall do no manner of servile work therein: <span class="ver">19</span>But ye shall offer a sacrifM
ice made by fire for a burnt offering unto the LORD; two young bullocks, and one ram, and seven lambs of the first year: they shall be unto you without blemish: <span class="ver">20</span>And their meat offering shall be of flour mingled with oil: three tenth deals shall ye offer for a bullock, and two tenth deals for a ram; <span class="ver">21</span>A several tenth deal shalt thou offer for every lamb, throughout the seven lambs: <span class="ver">22</span>And one goat for a sin offering, to make an atonement forM
you. <span class="ver">23</span>Ye shall offer these beside the burnt offering in the morning, which is for a continual burnt offering. <span class="ver">24</span>After this manner ye shall offer daily, throughout the seven days, the meat of the sacrifice made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD: it shall be offered beside the continual burnt offering, and his drink offering. <span class="ver">25</span>And on the seventh day ye shall have an holy convocation; ye shall do no servile work. </p>
="ver">26</span>Also in the day of the firstfruits, when ye bring a new meat offering unto the LORD, after your weeks be out, ye shall have an holy convocation; ye shall do no servile work: <span class="ver">27</span>But ye shall offer the burnt offering for a sweet savour unto the LORD; two young bullocks, one ram, seven lambs of the first year; <span class="ver">28</span>And their meat offering of flour mingled with oil, three tenth deals unto one bullock, two tenth deals unto one ram, <span class="ver">29</span>M
A several tenth deal unto one lamb, throughout the seven lambs; <span class="ver">30</span>And one kid of the goats, to make an atonement for you. <span class="ver">31</span>Ye shall offer them beside the continual burnt offering, and his meat offering, (they shall be unto you without blemish) and their drink offerings.
<h2 id="c29">Chapter 29</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And in the seventh month, on the first day of the month, ye shall have an holy convocation; ye shall do no servile work: it is a day oM
f blowing the trumpets unto you. <span class="ver">2</span>And ye shall offer a burnt offering for a sweet savour unto the LORD; one young bullock, one ram, and seven lambs of the first year without blemish: <span class="ver">3</span>And their meat offering shall be of flour mingled with oil, three tenth deals for a bullock, and two tenth deals for a ram, <span class="ver">4</span>And one tenth deal for one lamb, throughout the seven lambs: <span class="ver">5</span>And one kid of the goats for a sin offering, to mM
ake an atonement for you: <span class="ver">6</span>Beside the burnt offering of the month, and his meat offering, and the daily burnt offering, and his meat offering, and their drink offerings, according unto their manner, for a sweet savour, a sacrifice made by fire unto the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And ye shall have on the tenth day of this seventh month an holy convocation; and ye shall afflict your souls: ye shall not do any work therein: <span class="ver">8</span>But ye shall offer a burnt ofM
fering unto the LORD for a sweet savour; one young bullock, one ram, and seven lambs of the first year; they shall be unto you without blemish: <span class="ver">9</span>And their meat offering shall be of flour mingled with oil, three tenth deals to a bullock, and two tenth deals to one ram, <span class="ver">10</span>A several tenth deal for one lamb, throughout the seven lambs: <span class="ver">11</span>One kid of the goats for a sin offering; beside the sin offering of atonement, and the continual burnt offeriM
ng, and the meat offering of it, and their drink offerings. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And on the fifteenth day of the seventh month ye shall have an holy convocation; ye shall do no servile work, and ye shall keep a feast unto the LORD seven days: <span class="ver">13</span>And ye shall offer a burnt offering, a sacrifice made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD; thirteen young bullocks, two rams, and fourteen lambs of the first year; they shall be without blemish: <span class="ver">14</span>And theM
ir meat offering shall be of flour mingled with oil, three tenth deals unto every bullock of the thirteen bullocks, two tenth deals to each ram of the two rams, <span class="ver">15</span>And a several tenth deal to each lamb of the fourteen lambs: <span class="ver">16</span>And one kid of the goats for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, his meat offering, and his drink offering. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And on the second day ye shall offer twelve young bullocks, two rams, fourteen lamM
bs of the first year without spot: <span class="ver">18</span>And their meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner: <span class="ver">19</span>And one kid of the goats for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, and the meat offering thereof, and their drink offerings. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And on the third day eleven bullocks, two rams, fourteen lambs of the first year without blemish; <M
span class="ver">21</span>And their meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner: <span class="ver">22</span>And one goat for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, and his meat offering, and his drink offering. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And on the fourth day ten bullocks, two rams, and fourteen lambs of the first year without blemish: <span class="ver">24</span>Their meat offering and their dM
rink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner: <span class="ver">25</span>And one kid of the goats for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, his meat offering, and his drink offering. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>And on the fifth day nine bullocks, two rams, and fourteen lambs of the first year without spot: <span class="ver">27</span>And their meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and fM
or the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner: <span class="ver">28</span>And one goat for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, and his meat offering, and his drink offering. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>And on the sixth day eight bullocks, two rams, and fourteen lambs of the first year without blemish: <span class="ver">30</span>And their meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after M
the manner: <span class="ver">31</span>And one goat for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, his meat offering, and his drink offering. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>And on the seventh day seven bullocks, two rams, and fourteen lambs of the first year without blemish: <span class="ver">33</span>And their meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner: <span class="ver">34</span>And one goat for a M
sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, his meat offering, and his drink offering. </p>
<p><span class="ver">35</span>On the eighth day ye shall have a solemn assembly: ye shall do no servile work therein: <span class="ver">36</span>But ye shall offer a burnt offering, a sacrifice made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD: one bullock, one ram, seven lambs of the first year without blemish: <span class="ver">37</span>Their meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullock, for the ram, and foM
r the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner: <span class="ver">38</span>And one goat for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, and his meat offering, and his drink offering. <span class="ver">39</span>These things ye shall do unto the LORD in your set feasts, beside your vows, and your freewill offerings, for your burnt offerings, and for your meat offerings, and for your drink offerings, and for your peace offerings. <span class="ver">40</span>And Moses told the children of IsrM
ael according to all that the LORD commanded Moses.
<h2 id="c30">Chapter 30</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Moses spake unto the heads of the tribes concerning the children of Israel, saying, This is the thing which the LORD hath commanded. <span class="ver">2</span>If a man vow a vow unto the LORD, or swear an oath to bind his soul with a bond; he shall not break his word, he shall do according to all that proceedeth out of his mouth. <span class="ver">3</span>If a woman also vow a vow unto the LORD, aM
nd bind herself by a bond, being in her father
s house in her youth; <span class="ver">4</span>And her father hear her vow, and her bond wherewith she hath bound her soul, and her father shall hold his peace at her: then all her vows shall stand, and every bond wherewith she hath bound her soul shall stand. <span class="ver">5</span>But if her father disallow her in the day that he heareth; not any of her vows, or of her bonds wherewith she hath bound her soul, shall stand: and the LORD shall forgive her, becauseM
her father disallowed her. <span class="ver">6</span>And if she had at all an husband, when she vowed, or uttered ought out of her lips, wherewith she bound her soul; <span class="ver">7</span>And her husband heard it, and held his peace at her in the day that he heard it: then her vows shall stand, and her bonds wherewith she bound her soul shall stand. <span class="ver">8</span>But if her husband disallowed her on the day that he heard it; then he shall make her vow which she vowed, and that which she uttered wiM
th her lips, wherewith she bound her soul, of none effect: and the LORD shall forgive her. <span class="ver">9</span>But every vow of a widow, and of her that is divorced, wherewith they have bound their souls, shall stand against her. <span class="ver">10</span>And if she vowed in her husband
s house, or bound her soul by a bond with an oath; <span class="ver">11</span>And her husband heard it, and held his peace at her, and disallowed her not: then all her vows shall stand, and every bond wherewith she bound heM
r soul shall stand. <span class="ver">12</span>But if her husband hath utterly made them void on the day he heard them; then whatsoever proceeded out of her lips concerning her vows, or concerning the bond of her soul, shall not stand: her husband hath made them void; and the LORD shall forgive her. <span class="ver">13</span>Every vow, and every binding oath to afflict the soul, her husband may establish it, or her husband may make it void. <span class="ver">14</span>But if her husband altogether hold his peace atM
her from day to day; then he establisheth all her vows, or all her bonds, which are upon her: he confirmeth them, because he held his peace at her in the day that he heard them. <span class="ver">15</span>But if he shall any ways make them void after that he hath heard them; then he shall bear her iniquity. <span class="ver">16</span>These are the statutes, which the LORD commanded Moses, between a man and his wife, between the father and his daughter, being yet in her youth in her father
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Avenge the children of Israel of the Midianites: afterward shalt thou be gathered unto thy people. <span class="ver">3</span>And Moses spake unto the people, saying, Arm some of yourselves unto the war, and let them go against the Midianites, and avenge the LORD of Midian. <span class="ver">4</span>Of every tribe a thousand, throughout all the tribes of Israel, shall ye send to the war. <span class="veM
r">5</span>So there were delivered out of the thousands of Israel, a thousand of every tribe, twelve thousand armed for war. <span class="ver">6</span>And Moses sent them to the war, a thousand of every tribe, them and Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest, to the war, with the holy instruments, and the trumpets to blow in his hand. <span class="ver">7</span>And they warred against the Midianites, as the LORD commanded Moses; and they slew all the males. <span class="ver">8</span>And they slew the kings of Midian,M
beside the rest of them that were slain; namely, Evi, and Rekem, and Zur, and Hur, and Reba, five kings of Midian: Balaam also the son of Beor they slew with the sword. <span class="ver">9</span>And the children of Israel took all the women of Midian captives, and their little ones, and took the spoil of all their cattle, and all their flocks, and all their goods. <span class="ver">10</span>And they burnt all their cities wherein they dwelt, and all their goodly castles, with fire. <span class="ver">11</span>And tM
hey took all the spoil, and all the prey, both of men and of beasts. <span class="ver">12</span>And they brought the captives, and the prey, and the spoil, unto Moses, and Eleazar the priest, and unto the congregation of the children of Israel, unto the camp at the plains of Moab, which are by Jordan near Jericho. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And Moses, and Eleazar the priest, and all the princes of the congregation, went forth to meet them without the camp. <span class="ver">14</span>And Moses was wroth wiM
th the officers of the host, with the captains over thousands, and captains over hundreds, which came from the battle. <span class="ver">15</span>And Moses said unto them, Have ye saved all the women alive? <span class="ver">16</span>Behold, these caused the children of Israel, through the counsel of Balaam, to commit trespass against the LORD in the matter of Peor, and there was a plague among the congregation of the LORD. <span class="ver">17</span>Now therefore kill every male among the little ones, and kill eveM
ry woman that hath known man by lying with him. <span class="ver">18</span>But all the women children, that have not known a man by lying with him, keep alive for yourselves. <span class="ver">19</span>And do ye abide without the camp seven days: whosoever hath killed any person, and whosoever hath touched any slain, purify both yourselves and your captives on the third day, and on the seventh day. <span class="ver">20</span>And purify all your raiment, and all that is made of skins, and all work of goats
and all things made of wood. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And Eleazar the priest said unto the men of war which went to the battle, This is the ordinance of the law which the LORD commanded Moses; <span class="ver">22</span>Only the gold, and the silver, the brass, the iron, the tin, and the lead, <span class="ver">23</span>Every thing that may abide the fire, ye shall make it go through the fire, and it shall be clean: nevertheless it shall be purified with the water of separation: and all that abideth notM
the fire ye shall make go through the water. <span class="ver">24</span>And ye shall wash your clothes on the seventh day, and ye shall be clean, and afterward ye shall come into the camp. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">26</span>Take the sum of the prey that was taken, both of man and of beast, thou, and Eleazar the priest, and the chief fathers of the congregation: <span class="ver">27</span>And divide the prey into two parts; between them that took tM
he war upon them, who went out to battle, and between all the congregation: <span class="ver">28</span>And levy a tribute unto the LORD of the men of war which went out to battle: one soul of five hundred, both of the persons, and of the beeves, and of the asses, and of the sheep: <span class="ver">29</span>Take it of their half, and give it unto Eleazar the priest, for an heave offering of the LORD. <span class="ver">30</span>And of the children of Israel
s half, thou shalt take one portion of fifty, of the persM
ons, of the beeves, of the asses, and of the flocks, of all manner of beasts, and give them unto the Levites, which keep the charge of the tabernacle of the LORD. <span class="ver">31</span>And Moses and Eleazar the priest did as the LORD commanded Moses. <span class="ver">32</span>And the booty, being the rest of the prey which the men of war had caught, was six hundred thousand and seventy thousand and five thousand sheep, <span class="ver">33</span>And threescore and twelve thousand beeves, <span class="ver">34<M
/span>And threescore and one thousand asses, <span class="ver">35</span>And thirty and two thousand persons in all, of women that had not known man by lying with him. <span class="ver">36</span>And the half, which was the portion of them that went out to war, was in number three hundred thousand and seven and thirty thousand and five hundred sheep: <span class="ver">37</span>And the LORD
s tribute of the sheep was six hundred and threescore and fifteen. <span class="ver">38</span>And the beeves were thirty and siM
x thousand; of which the LORD
s tribute was threescore and twelve. <span class="ver">39</span>And the asses were thirty thousand and five hundred; of which the LORD
s tribute was threescore and one. <span class="ver">40</span>And the persons were sixteen thousand; of which the LORD
s tribute was thirty and two persons. <span class="ver">41</span>And Moses gave the tribute, which was the LORD
s heave offering, unto Eleazar the priest, as the LORD commanded Moses. <span class="ver">42</span>And of the childreM
s half, which Moses divided from the men that warred, <span class="ver">43</span>(Now the half that pertained unto the congregation was three hundred thousand and thirty thousand and seven thousand and five hundred sheep, <span class="ver">44</span>And thirty and six thousand beeves, <span class="ver">45</span>And thirty thousand asses and five hundred, <span class="ver">46</span>And sixteen thousand persons;) <span class="ver">47</span>Even of the children of Israel
s half, Moses took one portion oM
f fifty, both of man and of beast, and gave them unto the Levites, which kept the charge of the tabernacle of the LORD; as the LORD commanded Moses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">48</span>And the officers which were over thousands of the host, the captains of thousands, and captains of hundreds, came near unto Moses: <span class="ver">49</span>And they said unto Moses, Thy servants have taken the sum of the men of war which are under our charge, and there lacketh not one man of us. <span class="ver">50</span>We have M
therefore brought an oblation for the LORD, what every man hath gotten, of jewels of gold, chains, and bracelets, rings, earrings, and tablets, to make an atonement for our souls before the LORD. <span class="ver">51</span>And Moses and Eleazar the priest took the gold of them, even all wrought jewels. <span class="ver">52</span>And all the gold of the offering that they offered up to the LORD, of the captains of thousands, and of the captains of hundreds, was sixteen thousand seven hundred and fifty shekels. <spanM
class="ver">53</span>(For the men of war had taken spoil, every man for himself.) <span class="ver">54</span>And Moses and Eleazar the priest took the gold of the captains of thousands and of hundreds, and brought it into the tabernacle of the congregation, for a memorial for the children of Israel before the LORD.
<h2 id="c32">Chapter 32</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now the children of Reuben and the children of Gad had a very great multitude of cattle: and when they saw the land of Jazer, and the landM
of Gilead, that, behold, the place was a place for cattle; <span class="ver">2</span>The children of Gad and the children of Reuben came and spake unto Moses, and to Eleazar the priest, and unto the princes of the congregation, saying, <span class="ver">3</span>Ataroth, and Dibon, and Jazer, and Nimrah, and Heshbon, and Elealeh, and Shebam, and Nebo, and Beon, <span class="ver">4</span>Even the country which the LORD smote before the congregation of Israel, is a land for cattle, and thy servants have cattle: <spanM
class="ver">5</span>Wherefore, said they, if we have found grace in thy sight, let this land be given unto thy servants for a possession, and bring us not over Jordan. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And Moses said unto the children of Gad and to the children of Reuben, Shall your brethren go to war, and shall ye sit here? <span class="ver">7</span>And wherefore discourage ye the heart of the children of Israel from going over into the land which the LORD hath given them? <span class="ver">8</span>Thus did youM
r fathers, when I sent them from Kadesh-barnea to see the land. <span class="ver">9</span>For when they went up unto the valley of Eshcol, and saw the land, they discouraged the heart of the children of Israel, that they should not go into the land which the LORD had given them. <span class="ver">10</span>And the LORD
s anger was kindled the same time, and he sware, saying, <span class="ver">11</span>Surely none of the men that came up out of Egypt, from twenty years old and upward, shall see the land which I swaM
re unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob; because they have not wholly followed me: <span class="ver">12</span>Save Caleb the son of Jephunneh the Kenezite, and Joshua the son of Nun: for they have wholly followed the LORD. <span class="ver">13</span>And the LORD
s anger was kindled against Israel, and he made them wander in the wilderness forty years, until all the generation, that had done evil in the sight of the LORD, was consumed. <span class="ver">14</span>And, behold, ye are risen up in your fathers
stead, an increase of sinful men, to augment yet the fierce anger of the LORD toward Israel. <span class="ver">15</span>For if ye turn away from after him, he will yet again leave them in the wilderness; and ye shall destroy all this people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And they came near unto him, and said, We will build sheepfolds here for our cattle, and cities for our little ones: <span class="ver">17</span>But we ourselves will go ready armed before the children of Israel, until we have brought them unM
to their place: and our little ones shall dwell in the fenced cities because of the inhabitants of the land. <span class="ver">18</span>We will not return unto our houses, until the children of Israel have inherited every man his inheritance. <span class="ver">19</span>For we will not inherit with them on yonder side Jordan, or forward; because our inheritance is fallen to us on this side Jordan eastward. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And Moses said unto them, If ye will do this thing, if ye will go armed beM
fore the LORD to war, <span class="ver">21</span>And will go all of you armed over Jordan before the LORD, until he hath driven out his enemies from before him, <span class="ver">22</span>And the land be subdued before the LORD: then afterward ye shall return, and be guiltless before the LORD, and before Israel; and this land shall be your possession before the LORD. <span class="ver">23</span>But if ye will not do so, behold, ye have sinned against the LORD: and be sure your sin will find you out. <span class="verM
">24</span>Build you cities for your little ones, and folds for your sheep; and do that which hath proceeded out of your mouth. <span class="ver">25</span>And the children of Gad and the children of Reuben spake unto Moses, saying, Thy servants will do as my lord commandeth. <span class="ver">26</span>Our little ones, our wives, our flocks, and all our cattle, shall be there in the cities of Gilead: <span class="ver">27</span>But thy servants will pass over, every man armed for war, before the LORD to battle, as myM
lord saith. <span class="ver">28</span>So concerning them Moses commanded Eleazar the priest, and Joshua the son of Nun, and the chief fathers of the tribes of the children of Israel: <span class="ver">29</span>And Moses said unto them, If the children of Gad and the children of Reuben will pass with you over Jordan, every man armed to battle, before the LORD, and the land shall be subdued before you; then ye shall give them the land of Gilead for a possession: <span class="ver">30</span>But if they will not pass M
over with you armed, they shall have possessions among you in the land of Canaan. <span class="ver">31</span>And the children of Gad and the children of Reuben answered, saying, As the LORD hath said unto thy servants, so will we do. <span class="ver">32</span>We will pass over armed before the LORD into the land of Canaan, that the possession of our inheritance on this side Jordan may be ours. <span class="ver">33</span>And Moses gave unto them, even to the children of Gad, and to the children of Reuben, and unto M
half the tribe of Manasseh the son of Joseph, the kingdom of Sihon king of the Amorites, and the kingdom of Og king of Bashan, the land, with the cities thereof in the coasts, even the cities of the country round about. </p>
<p><span class="ver">34</span>And the children of Gad built Dibon, and Ataroth, and Aroer, <span class="ver">35</span>And Atroth, Shophan, and Jaazer, and Jogbehah, <span class="ver">36</span>And Beth-nimrah, and Beth-haran, fenced cities: and folds for sheep. <span class="ver">37</span>And tM
he children of Reuben built Heshbon, and Elealeh, and Kirjathaim, <span class="ver">38</span>And Nebo, and Baal-meon, (their names being changed,) and Shibmah: and gave other names unto the cities which they builded. <span class="ver">39</span>And the children of Machir the son of Manasseh went to Gilead, and took it, and dispossessed the Amorite which was in it. <span class="ver">40</span>And Moses gave Gilead unto Machir the son of Manasseh; and he dwelt therein. <span class="ver">41</span>And Jair the son of ManM
asseh went and took the small towns thereof, and called them Havoth-jair. <span class="ver">42</span>And Nobah went and took Kenath, and the villages thereof, and called it Nobah, after his own name.
<h2 id="c33">Chapter 33</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>These are the journeys of the children of Israel, which went forth out of the land of Egypt with their armies under the hand of Moses and Aaron. <span class="ver">2</span>And Moses wrote their goings out according to their journeys by the commandment of thM
e LORD: and these are their journeys according to their goings out. <span class="ver">3</span>And they departed from Rameses in the first month, on the fifteenth day of the first month; on the morrow after the passover the children of Israel went out with an high hand in the sight of all the Egyptians. <span class="ver">4</span>For the Egyptians buried all their firstborn, which the LORD had smitten among them: upon their gods also the LORD executed judgments. <span class="ver">5</span>And the children of Israel reM
moved from Rameses, and pitched in Succoth. <span class="ver">6</span>And they departed from Succoth, and pitched in Etham, which is in the edge of the wilderness. <span class="ver">7</span>And they removed from Etham, and turned again unto Pi-hahiroth, which is before Baal-zephon: and they pitched before Migdol. <span class="ver">8</span>And they departed from before Pi-hahiroth, and passed through the midst of the sea into the wilderness, and went three days
journey in the wilderness of Etham, and pitched in MM
arah. <span class="ver">9</span>And they removed from Marah, and came unto Elim: and in Elim were twelve fountains of water, and threescore and ten palm trees; and they pitched there. <span class="ver">10</span>And they removed from Elim, and encamped by the Red sea. <span class="ver">11</span>And they removed from the Red sea, and encamped in the wilderness of Sin. <span class="ver">12</span>And they took their journey out of the wilderness of Sin, and encamped in Dophkah. <span class="ver">13</span>And they deparM
ted from Dophkah, and encamped in Alush. <span class="ver">14</span>And they removed from Alush, and encamped at Rephidim, where was no water for the people to drink. <span class="ver">15</span>And they departed from Rephidim, and pitched in the wilderness of Sinai. <span class="ver">16</span>And they removed from the desert of Sinai, and pitched at Kibroth-hattaavah. <span class="ver">17</span>And they departed from Kibroth-hattaavah, and encamped at Hazeroth. <span class="ver">18</span>And they departed from HazeM
roth, and pitched in Rithmah. <span class="ver">19</span>And they departed from Rithmah, and pitched at Rimmon-parez. <span class="ver">20</span>And they departed from Rimmon-parez, and pitched in Libnah. <span class="ver">21</span>And they removed from Libnah, and pitched at Rissah. <span class="ver">22</span>And they journeyed from Rissah, and pitched in Kehelathah. <span class="ver">23</span>And they went from Kehelathah, and pitched in mount Shapher. <span class="ver">24</span>And they removed from mount ShapheM
r, and encamped in Haradah. <span class="ver">25</span>And they removed from Haradah, and pitched in Makheloth. <span class="ver">26</span>And they removed from Makheloth, and encamped at Tahath. <span class="ver">27</span>And they departed from Tahath, and pitched at Tarah. <span class="ver">28</span>And they removed from Tarah, and pitched in Mithcah. <span class="ver">29</span>And they went from Mithcah, and pitched in Hashmonah. <span class="ver">30</span>And they departed from Hashmonah, and encamped at MoseroM
th. <span class="ver">31</span>And they departed from Moseroth, and pitched in Bene-jaakan. <span class="ver">32</span>And they removed from Bene-jaakan, and encamped at Hor-hagidgad. <span class="ver">33</span>And they went from Hor-hagidgad, and pitched in Jotbathah. <span class="ver">34</span>And they removed from Jotbathah, and encamped at Ebronah. <span class="ver">35</span>And they departed from Ebronah, and encamped at Ezion-gaber. <span class="ver">36</span>And they removed from Ezion-gaber, and pitched in M
the wilderness of Zin, which is Kadesh. <span class="ver">37</span>And they removed from Kadesh, and pitched in mount Hor, in the edge of the land of Edom. <span class="ver">38</span>And Aaron the priest went up into mount Hor at the commandment of the LORD, and died there, in the fortieth year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, in the first day of the fifth month. <span class="ver">39</span>And Aaron was an hundred and twenty and three years old when he died in mount Hor. <span class=M
"ver">40</span>And king Arad the Canaanite, which dwelt in the south in the land of Canaan, heard of the coming of the children of Israel. <span class="ver">41</span>And they departed from mount Hor, and pitched in Zalmonah. <span class="ver">42</span>And they departed from Zalmonah, and pitched in Punon. <span class="ver">43</span>And they departed from Punon, and pitched in Oboth. <span class="ver">44</span>And they departed from Oboth, and pitched in Ije-abarim, in the border of Moab. <span class="ver">45</span>M
And they departed from Iim, and pitched in Dibon-gad. <span class="ver">46</span>And they removed from Dibon-gad, and encamped in Almon-diblathaim. <span class="ver">47</span>And they removed from Almon-diblathaim, and pitched in the mountains of Abarim, before Nebo. <span class="ver">48</span>And they departed from the mountains of Abarim, and pitched in the plains of Moab by Jordan near Jericho. <span class="ver">49</span>And they pitched by Jordan, from Beth-jesimoth even unto Abel-shittim in the plains of Moab.M
<p><span class="ver">50</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses in the plains of Moab by Jordan near Jericho, saying, <span class="ver">51</span>Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye are passed over Jordan into the land of Canaan; <span class="ver">52</span>Then ye shall drive out all the inhabitants of the land from before you, and destroy all their pictures, and destroy all their molten images, and quite pluck down all their high places: <span class="ver">53</span>And ye shall disposseM
ss the inhabitants of the land, and dwell therein: for I have given you the land to possess it. <span class="ver">54</span>And ye shall divide the land by lot for an inheritance among your families: and to the more ye shall give the more inheritance, and to the fewer ye shall give the less inheritance: every man
s inheritance shall be in the place where his lot falleth; according to the tribes of your fathers ye shall inherit. <span class="ver">55</span>But if ye will not drive out the inhabitants of the land froM
m before you; then it shall come to pass, that those which ye let remain of them shall be pricks in your eyes, and thorns in your sides, and shall vex you in the land wherein ye dwell. <span class="ver">56</span>Moreover it shall come to pass, that I shall do unto you, as I thought to do unto them.
<h2 id="c34">Chapter 34</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Command the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye come into the land of Canaan; (tM
his is the land that shall fall unto you for an inheritance, even the land of Canaan with the coasts thereof:) <span class="ver">3</span>Then your south quarter shall be from the wilderness of Zin along by the coast of Edom, and your south border shall be the outmost coast of the salt sea eastward: <span class="ver">4</span>And your border shall turn from the south to the ascent of Akrabbim, and pass on to Zin: and the going forth thereof shall be from the south to Kadesh-barnea, and shall go on to Hazar-addar, andM
pass on to Azmon: <span class="ver">5</span>And the border shall fetch a compass from Azmon unto the river of Egypt, and the goings out of it shall be at the sea. <span class="ver">6</span>And as for the western border, ye shall even have the great sea for a border: this shall be your west border. <span class="ver">7</span>And this shall be your north border: from the great sea ye shall point out for you mount Hor: <span class="ver">8</span>From mount Hor ye shall point out your border unto the entrance of Hamath;M
and the goings forth of the border shall be to Zedad: </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And the border shall go on to Ziphron, and the goings out of it shall be at Hazar-enan: this shall be your north border. <span class="ver">10</span>And ye shall point out your east border from Hazar-enan to Shepham: <span class="ver">11</span>And the coast shall go down from Shepham to Riblah, on the east side of Ain; and the border shall descend, and shall reach unto the side of the sea of Chinnereth eastward: <span class="vM
er">12</span>And the border shall go down to Jordan, and the goings out of it shall be at the salt sea: this shall be your land with the coasts thereof round about. <span class="ver">13</span>And Moses commanded the children of Israel, saying, This is the land which ye shall inherit by lot, which the LORD commanded to give unto the nine tribes, and to the half tribe: <span class="ver">14</span>For the tribe of the children of Reuben according to the house of their fathers, and the tribe of the children of Gad accorM
ding to the house of their fathers, have received their inheritance; and half the tribe of Manasseh have received their inheritance: <span class="ver">15</span>The two tribes and the half tribe have received their inheritance on this side Jordan near Jericho eastward, toward the sunrising. <span class="ver">16</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">17</span>These are the names of the men which shall divide the land unto you: Eleazar the priest, and Joshua the son of Nun. <span class="ver">18M
</span>And ye shall take one prince of every tribe, to divide the land by inheritance. <span class="ver">19</span>And the names of the men are these: Of the tribe of Judah, Caleb the son of Jephunneh. <span class="ver">20</span>And of the tribe of the children of Simeon, Shemuel the son of Ammihud. <span class="ver">21</span>Of the tribe of Benjamin, Elidad the son of Chislon. <span class="ver">22</span>And the prince of the tribe of the children of Dan, Bukki the son of Jogli. <span class="ver">23</span>The princeM
of the children of Joseph, for the tribe of the children of Manasseh, Hanniel the son of Ephod. <span class="ver">24</span>And the prince of the tribe of the children of Ephraim, Kemuel the son of Shiphtan. <span class="ver">25</span>And the prince of the tribe of the children of Zebulun, Elizaphan the son of Parnach. <span class="ver">26</span>And the prince of the tribe of the children of Issachar, Paltiel the son of Azzan. <span class="ver">27</span>And the prince of the tribe of the children of Asher, Ahihud tM
he son of Shelomi. <span class="ver">28</span>And the prince of the tribe of the children of Naphtali, Pedahel the son of Ammihud. <span class="ver">29</span>These are they whom the LORD commanded to divide the inheritance unto the children of Israel in the land of Canaan.
<h2 id="c35">Chapter 35</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses in the plains of Moab by Jordan near Jericho, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Command the children of Israel, that they give unto the Levites of the iM
nheritance of their possession cities to dwell in; and ye shall give also unto the Levites suburbs for the cities round about them. <span class="ver">3</span>And the cities shall they have to dwell in; and the suburbs of them shall be for their cattle, and for their goods, and for all their beasts. <span class="ver">4</span>And the suburbs of the cities, which ye shall give unto the Levites, shall reach from the wall of the city and outward a thousand cubits round about. <span class="ver">5</span>And ye shall measuM
re from without the city on the east side two thousand cubits, and on the south side two thousand cubits, and on the west side two thousand cubits, and on the north side two thousand cubits; and the city shall be in the midst: this shall be to them the suburbs of the cities. <span class="ver">6</span>And among the cities which ye shall give unto the Levites there shall be six cities for refuge, which ye shall appoint for the manslayer, that he may flee thither: and to them ye shall add forty and two cities. <span cM
lass="ver">7</span>So all the cities which ye shall give to the Levites shall be forty and eight cities: them shall ye give with their suburbs. <span class="ver">8</span>And the cities which ye shall give shall be of the possession of the children of Israel: from them that have many ye shall give many; but from them that have few ye shall give few: every one shall give of his cities unto the Levites according to his inheritance which he inheriteth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, M
saying, <span class="ver">10</span>Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye be come over Jordan into the land of Canaan; <span class="ver">11</span>Then ye shall appoint you cities to be cities of refuge for you; that the slayer may flee thither, which killeth any person at unawares. <span class="ver">12</span>And they shall be unto you cities for refuge from the avenger; that the manslayer die not, until he stand before the congregation in judgment. <span class="ver">13</span>And of these citiM
es which ye shall give six cities shall ye have for refuge. <span class="ver">14</span>Ye shall give three cities on this side Jordan, and three cities shall ye give in the land of Canaan, which shall be cities of refuge. <span class="ver">15</span>These six cities shall be a refuge, both for the children of Israel, and for the stranger, and for the sojourner among them: that every one that killeth any person unawares may flee thither. <span class="ver">16</span>And if he smite him with an instrument of iron, so thM
at he die, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death. <span class="ver">17</span>And if he smite him with throwing a stone, wherewith he may die, and he die, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death. <span class="ver">18</span>Or if he smite him with an hand weapon of wood, wherewith he may die, and he die, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death. <span class="ver">19</span>The revenger of blood himself shall slay the murderer: when he meeteth him, he shall sM
lay him. <span class="ver">20</span>But if he thrust him of hatred, or hurl at him by laying of wait, that he die; <span class="ver">21</span>Or in enmity smite him with his hand, that he die: he that smote him shall surely be put to death; for he is a murderer: the revenger of blood shall slay the murderer, when he meeteth him. <span class="ver">22</span>But if he thrust him suddenly without enmity, or have cast upon him any thing without laying of wait, <span class="ver">23</span>Or with any stone, wherewith a maM
n may die, seeing him not, and cast it upon him, that he die, and was not his enemy, neither sought his harm: <span class="ver">24</span>Then the congregation shall judge between the slayer and the revenger of blood according to these judgments: <span class="ver">25</span>And the congregation shall deliver the slayer out of the hand of the revenger of blood, and the congregation shall restore him to the city of his refuge, whither he was fled: and he shall abide in it unto the death of the high priest, which was anM
ointed with the holy oil. <span class="ver">26</span>But if the slayer shall at any time come without the border of the city of his refuge, whither he was fled; <span class="ver">27</span>And the revenger of blood find him without the borders of the city of his refuge, and the revenger of blood kill the slayer; he shall not be guilty of blood: <span class="ver">28</span>Because he should have remained in the city of his refuge until the death of the high priest: but after the death of the high priest the slayer shaM
ll return into the land of his possession. <span class="ver">29</span>So these things shall be for a statute of judgment unto you throughout your generations in all your dwellings. <span class="ver">30</span>Whoso killeth any person, the murderer shall be put to death by the mouth of witnesses: but one witness shall not testify against any person to cause him to die. <span class="ver">31</span>Moreover ye shall take no satisfaction for the life of a murderer, which is guilty of death: but he shall be surely put to M
death. <span class="ver">32</span>And ye shall take no satisfaction for him that is fled to the city of his refuge, that he should come again to dwell in the land, until the death of the priest. <span class="ver">33</span>So ye shall not pollute the land wherein ye are: for blood it defileth the land: and the land cannot be cleansed of the blood that is shed therein, but by the blood of him that shed it. <span class="ver">34</span>Defile not therefore the land which ye shall inhabit, wherein I dwell: for I the LORDM
dwell among the children of Israel.
<h2 id="c36">Chapter 36</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the chief fathers of the families of the children of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh, of the families of the sons of Joseph, came near, and spake before Moses, and before the princes, the chief fathers of the children of Israel: <span class="ver">2</span>And they said, The LORD commanded my lord to give the land for an inheritance by lot to the children of Israel: and my lord was commanded by the M
LORD to give the inheritance of Zelophehad our brother unto his daughters. <span class="ver">3</span>And if they be married to any of the sons of the other tribes of the children of Israel, then shall their inheritance be taken from the inheritance of our fathers, and shall be put to the inheritance of the tribe whereunto they are received: so shall it be taken from the lot of our inheritance. <span class="ver">4</span>And when the jubile of the children of Israel shall be, then shall their inheritance be put unto M
the inheritance of the tribe whereunto they are received: so shall their inheritance be taken away from the inheritance of the tribe of our fathers. <span class="ver">5</span>And Moses commanded the children of Israel according to the word of the LORD, saying, The tribe of the sons of Joseph hath said well. <span class="ver">6</span>This is the thing which the LORD doth command concerning the daughters of Zelophehad, saying, Let them marry to whom they think best; only to the family of the tribe of their father shaM
ll they marry. <span class="ver">7</span>So shall not the inheritance of the children of Israel remove from tribe to tribe: for every one of the children of Israel shall keep himself to the inheritance of the tribe of his fathers. <span class="ver">8</span>And every daughter, that possesseth an inheritance in any tribe of the children of Israel, shall be wife unto one of the family of the tribe of her father, that the children of Israel may enjoy every man the inheritance of his fathers. <span class="ver">9</span>NM
either shall the inheritance remove from one tribe to another tribe; but every one of the tribes of the children of Israel shall keep himself to his own inheritance. <span class="ver">10</span>Even as the LORD commanded Moses, so did the daughters of Zelophehad: <span class="ver">11</span>For Mahlah, Tirzah, and Hoglah, and Milcah, and Noah, the daughters of Zelophehad, were married unto their father
sons: <span class="ver">12</span>And they were married into the families of the sons of Manasseh theM
son of Joseph, and their inheritance remained in the tribe of the family of their father. <span class="ver">13</span>These are the commandments and the judgments, which the LORD commanded by the hand of Moses unto the children of Israel in the plains of Moab by Jordan near Jericho. </p>
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<title>EXODUS</title>
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<span>THE SECOND BOOK OF MOSES, CALLED</span>
<div class="content-table">
<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="#c10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="#c11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="#c12">12</a></li>
<li><a href="#c13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="#c14">14</a></li>
<li><a href="#c15">15</a></li>
href="#c16">16</a></li>
<li><a href="#c17">17</a></li>
<li><a href="#c18">18</a></li>
<li><a href="#c19">19</a></li>
<li><a href="#c20">20</a></li>
<li><a href="#c21">21</a></li>
<li><a href="#c22">22</a></li>
<li><a href="#c23">23</a></li>
<li><a href="#c24">24</a></li>
<li><a href="#c25">25</a></li>
<li><a href="#c26">26</a></li>
<li><a href="#c27">27</a></li>
<li><a href="#c28">28</a></li>
<li><a href="#c29">29</a></li>
<li><a href="#c30">30</M
<li><a href="#c31">31</a></li>
<li><a href="#c32">32</a></li>
<li><a href="#c33">33</a></li>
<li><a href="#c34">34</a></li>
<li><a href="#c35">35</a></li>
<li><a href="#c36">36</a></li>
<li><a href="#c37">37</a></li>
<li><a href="#c38">38</a></li>
<li><a href="#c39">39</a></li>
<li><a href="#c40">40</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now these are the names of the children of Israel, which came into EgyM
pt; every man and his household came with Jacob. <span class="ver">2</span>Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah, <span class="ver">3</span>Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin, <span class="ver">4</span>Dan, and Naphtali, Gad, and Asher. <span class="ver">5</span>And all the souls that came out of the loins of Jacob were seventy souls: for Joseph was in Egypt already. <span class="ver">6</span>And Joseph died, and all his brethren, and all that generation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And the children of Israel were fM
ruitful, and increased abundantly, and multiplied, and waxed exceeding mighty; and the land was filled with them. <span class="ver">8</span>Now there arose up a new king over Egypt, which knew not Joseph. <span class="ver">9</span>And he said unto his people, Behold, the people of the children of Israel are more and mightier than we: <span class="ver">10</span>Come on, let us deal wisely with them; lest they multiply, and it come to pass, that, when there falleth out any war, they join also unto our enemies, and fiM
ght against us, and so get them up out of the land. <span class="ver">11</span>Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens. And they built for Pharaoh treasure cities, Pithom and Raamses. <span class="ver">12</span>But the more they afflicted them, the more they multiplied and grew. And they were grieved because of the children of Israel. <span class="ver">13</span>And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with rigour: <span class="ver">14</span>And they made their lM
ives bitter with hard bondage, in morter, and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field: all their service, wherein they made them serve, was with rigour. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And the king of Egypt spake to the Hebrew midwives, of which the name of the one was Shiphrah, and the name of the other Puah: <span class="ver">16</span>And he said, When ye do the office of a midwife to the Hebrew women, and see them upon the stools; if it be a son, then ye shall kill him: but if it be a daughter, M
then she shall live. <span class="ver">17</span>But the midwives feared God, and did not as the king of Egypt commanded them, but saved the men children alive. <span class="ver">18</span>And the king of Egypt called for the midwives, and said unto them, Why have ye done this thing, and have saved the men children alive? <span class="ver">19</span>And the midwives said unto Pharaoh, Because the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women; for they are lively, and are delivered ere the midwives come in unto them. <spaM
n class="ver">20</span>Therefore God dealt well with the midwives: and the people multiplied, and waxed very mighty. <span class="ver">21</span>And it came to pass, because the midwives feared God, that he made them houses. <span class="ver">22</span>And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying, Every son that is born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye shall save alive.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And there went a man of the house of Levi, and took to wife a daughterM
of Levi. <span class="ver">2</span>And the woman conceived, and bare a son: and when she saw him that he was a goodly child, she hid him three months. <span class="ver">3</span>And when she could not longer hide him, she took for him an ark of bulrushes, and daubed it with slime and with pitch, and put the child therein; and she laid it in the flags by the river
s brink. <span class="ver">4</span>And his sister stood afar off, to wit what would be done to him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And the daughterM
of Pharaoh came down to wash herself at the river; and her maidens walked along by the river
s side; and when she saw the ark among the flags, she sent her maid to fetch it. <span class="ver">6</span>And when she had opened it, she saw the child: and, behold, the babe wept. And she had compassion on him, and said, This is one of the Hebrews
children. <span class="ver">7</span>Then said his sister to Pharaoh
s daughter, Shall I go and call to thee a nurse of the Hebrew women, that she may nurse the child forM
thee? <span class="ver">8</span>And Pharaoh
s daughter said to her, Go. And the maid went and called the child
s mother. <span class="ver">9</span>And Pharaoh
s daughter said unto her, Take this child away, and nurse it for me, and I will give thee thy wages. And the woman took the child, and nursed it. <span class="ver">10</span>And the child grew, and she brought him unto Pharaoh
s daughter, and he became her son. And she called his name Moses: and she said, Because I drew him out of the water. </p>
><span class="ver">11</span>And it came to pass in those days, when Moses was grown, that he went out unto his brethren, and looked on their burdens: and he spied an Egyptian smiting an Hebrew, one of his brethren. <span class="ver">12</span>And he looked this way and that way, and when he saw that there was no man, he slew the Egyptian, and hid him in the sand. <span class="ver">13</span>And when he went out the second day, behold, two men of the Hebrews strove together: and he said to him that did the wrong, WherM
efore smitest thou thy fellow? <span class="ver">14</span>And he said, Who made thee a prince and a judge over us? intendest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian? And Moses feared, and said, Surely this thing is known. <span class="ver">15</span>Now when Pharaoh heard this thing, he sought to slay Moses. But Moses fled from the face of Pharaoh, and dwelt in the land of Midian: and he sat down by a well. <span class="ver">16</span>Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters: and they came and drew water, M
and filled the troughs to water their father
s flock. <span class="ver">17</span>And the shepherds came and drove them away: but Moses stood up and helped them, and watered their flock. <span class="ver">18</span>And when they came to Reuel their father, he said, How is it that ye are come so soon to day? <span class="ver">19</span>And they said, An Egyptian delivered us out of the hand of the shepherds, and also drew water enough for us, and watered the flock. <span class="ver">20</span>And he said unto his daugM
hters, And where is he? why is it that ye have left the man? call him, that he may eat bread. <span class="ver">21</span>And Moses was content to dwell with the man: and he gave Moses Zipporah his daughter. <span class="ver">22</span>And she bare him a son, and he called his name Gershom: for he said, I have been a stranger in a strange land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And it came to pass in process of time, that the king of Egypt died: and the children of Israel sighed by reason of the bondage, and they M
cried, and their cry came up unto God by reason of the bondage. <span class="ver">24</span>And God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob. <span class="ver">25</span>And God looked upon the children of Israel, and God had respect unto them.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now Moses kept the flock of Jethro his father in law, the priest of Midian: and he led the flock to the backside of the desert, and came to the mountain of God, M
even to Horeb. <span class="ver">2</span>And the angel of the LORD appeared unto him in a flame of fire out of the midst of a bush: and he looked, and, behold, the bush burned with fire, and the bush was not consumed. <span class="ver">3</span>And Moses said, I will now turn aside, and see this great sight, why the bush is not burnt. <span class="ver">4</span>And when the LORD saw that he turned aside to see, God called unto him out of the midst of the bush, and said, Moses, Moses. And he said, Here am I. <span claM
ss="ver">5</span>And he said, Draw not nigh hither: put off thy shoes from off thy feet, for the place whereon thou standest is holy ground. <span class="ver">6</span>Moreover he said, I am the God of thy father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob. And Moses hid his face; for he was afraid to look upon God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And the LORD said, I have surely seen the affliction of my people which are in Egypt, and have heard their cry by reason of their taskmasters; for I knM
ow their sorrows; <span class="ver">8</span>And I am come down to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring them up out of that land unto a good land and a large, unto a land flowing with milk and honey; unto the place of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites. <span class="ver">9</span>Now therefore, behold, the cry of the children of Israel is come unto me: and I have also seen the oppression wherewith the Egyptians oppress themM
. <span class="ver">10</span>Come now therefore, and I will send thee unto Pharaoh, that thou mayest bring forth my people the children of Israel out of Egypt. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And Moses said unto God, Who am I, that I should go unto Pharaoh, and that I should bring forth the children of Israel out of Egypt? <span class="ver">12</span>And he said, Certainly I will be with thee; and this shall be a token unto thee, that I have sent thee: When thou hast brought forth the people out of Egypt, ye shM
all serve God upon this mountain. <span class="ver">13</span>And Moses said unto God, Behold, when I come unto the children of Israel, and shall say unto them, The God of your fathers hath sent me unto you; and they shall say to me, What is his name? what shall I say unto them? <span class="ver">14</span>And God said unto Moses, I AM THAT I AM: and he said, Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel, I AM hath sent me unto you. <span class="ver">15</span>And God said moreover unto Moses, Thus shalt thou say unM
to the children of Israel, The LORD God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, hath sent me unto you: this is my name for ever, and this is my memorial unto all generations. <span class="ver">16</span>Go, and gather the elders of Israel together, and say unto them, The LORD God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob, appeared unto me, saying, I have surely visited you, and seen that which is done to you in Egypt: <span class="ver">17</span>And I have said, M
I will bring you up out of the affliction of Egypt unto the land of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, unto a land flowing with milk and honey. <span class="ver">18</span>And they shall hearken to thy voice: and thou shalt come, thou and the elders of Israel, unto the king of Egypt, and ye shall say unto him, The LORD God of the Hebrews hath met with us: and now let us go, we beseech thee, three days
journey into the wilderness, that we mayM
sacrifice to the LORD our God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And I am sure that the king of Egypt will not let you go, no, not by a mighty hand. <span class="ver">20</span>And I will stretch out my hand, and smite Egypt with all my wonders which I will do in the midst thereof: and after that he will let you go. <span class="ver">21</span>And I will give this people favour in the sight of the Egyptians: and it shall come to pass, that, when ye go, ye shall not go empty: <span class="ver">22</span>But every wM
oman shall borrow of her neighbour, and of her that sojourneth in her house, jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and raiment: and ye shall put them upon your sons, and upon your daughters; and ye shall spoil the Egyptians.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Moses answered and said, But, behold, they will not believe me, nor hearken unto my voice: for they will say, The LORD hath not appeared unto thee. <span class="ver">2</span>And the LORD said unto him, What is that in thine hand?M
And he said, A rod. <span class="ver">3</span>And he said, Cast it on the ground. And he cast it on the ground, and it became a serpent; and Moses fled from before it. <span class="ver">4</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Put forth thine hand, and take it by the tail. And he put forth his hand, and caught it, and it became a rod in his hand: <span class="ver">5</span>That they may believe that the LORD God of their fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, hath appeared unto thee. </p>M
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And the LORD said furthermore unto him, Put now thine hand into thy bosom. And he put his hand into his bosom: and when he took it out, behold, his hand was leprous as snow. <span class="ver">7</span>And he said, Put thine hand into thy bosom again. And he put his hand into his bosom again; and plucked it out of his bosom, and, behold, it was turned again as his other flesh. <span class="ver">8</span>And it shall come to pass, if they will not believe thee, neither hearken to the voiM
ce of the first sign, that they will believe the voice of the latter sign. <span class="ver">9</span>And it shall come to pass, if they will not believe also these two signs, neither hearken unto thy voice, that thou shalt take of the water of the river, and pour it upon the dry land: and the water which thou takest out of the river shall become blood upon the dry land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And Moses said unto the LORD, O my Lord, I am not eloquent, neither heretofore, nor since thou hast spoken untM
o thy servant: but I am slow of speech, and of a slow tongue. <span class="ver">11</span>And the LORD said unto him, Who hath made man
s mouth? or who maketh the dumb, or deaf, or the seeing, or the blind? have not I the LORD? <span class="ver">12</span>Now therefore go, and I will be with thy mouth, and teach thee what thou shalt say. <span class="ver">13</span>And he said, O my Lord, send, I pray thee, by the hand of him whom thou wilt send. <span class="ver">14</span>And the anger of the LORD was kindled againM
st Moses, and he said, Is not Aaron the Levite thy brother? I know that he can speak well. And also, behold, he cometh forth to meet thee: and when he seeth thee, he will be glad in his heart. <span class="ver">15</span>And thou shalt speak unto him, and put words in his mouth: and I will be with thy mouth, and with his mouth, and will teach you what ye shall do. <span class="ver">16</span>And he shall be thy spokesman unto the people: and he shall be, even he shall be to thee instead of a mouth, and thou shalt be M
to him instead of God. <span class="ver">17</span>And thou shalt take this rod in thine hand, wherewith thou shalt do signs. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And Moses went and returned to Jethro his father in law, and said unto him, Let me go, I pray thee, and return unto my brethren which are in Egypt, and see whether they be yet alive. And Jethro said to Moses, Go in peace. <span class="ver">19</span>And the LORD said unto Moses in Midian, Go, return into Egypt: for all the men are dead which sought thy lifeM
. <span class="ver">20</span>And Moses took his wife and his sons, and set them upon an ass, and he returned to the land of Egypt: and Moses took the rod of God in his hand. <span class="ver">21</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, When thou goest to return into Egypt, see that thou do all those wonders before Pharaoh, which I have put in thine hand: but I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go. <span class="ver">22</span>And thou shalt say unto Pharaoh, Thus saith the LORD, Israel is my son, eveM
n my firstborn: <span class="ver">23</span>And I say unto thee, Let my son go, that he may serve me: and if thou refuse to let him go, behold, I will slay thy son, even thy firstborn. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And it came to pass by the way in the inn, that the LORD met him, and sought to kill him. <span class="ver">25</span>Then Zipporah took a sharp stone, and cut off the foreskin of her son, and cast it at his feet, and said, Surely a bloody husband art thou to me. <span class="ver">26</span>So he letM
him go: then she said, A bloody husband thou art, because of the circumcision. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>And the LORD said to Aaron, Go into the wilderness to meet Moses. And he went, and met him in the mount of God, and kissed him. <span class="ver">28</span>And Moses told Aaron all the words of the LORD who had sent him, and all the signs which he had commanded him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>And Moses and Aaron went and gathered together all the elders of the children of Israel: <span classM
="ver">30</span>And Aaron spake all the words which the LORD had spoken unto Moses, and did the signs in the sight of the people. <span class="ver">31</span>And the people believed: and when they heard that the LORD had visited the children of Israel, and that he had looked upon their affliction, then they bowed their heads and worshipped.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And afterward Moses and Aaron went in, and told Pharaoh, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Let my people go, that tM
hey may hold a feast unto me in the wilderness. <span class="ver">2</span>And Pharaoh said, Who is the LORD, that I should obey his voice to let Israel go? I know not the LORD, neither will I let Israel go. <span class="ver">3</span>And they said, The God of the Hebrews hath met with us: let us go, we pray thee, three days
journey into the desert, and sacrifice unto the LORD our God; lest he fall upon us with pestilence, or with the sword. <span class="ver">4</span>And the king of Egypt said unto them, WhereforeM
do ye, Moses and Aaron, let the people from their works? get you unto your burdens. <span class="ver">5</span>And Pharaoh said, Behold, the people of the land now are many, and ye make them rest from their burdens. <span class="ver">6</span>And Pharaoh commanded the same day the taskmasters of the people, and their officers, saying, <span class="ver">7</span>Ye shall no more give the people straw to make brick, as heretofore: let them go and gather straw for themselves. <span class="ver">8</span>And the tale of thM
e bricks, which they did make heretofore, ye shall lay upon them; ye shall not diminish ought thereof: for they be idle; therefore they cry, saying, Let us go and sacrifice to our God. <span class="ver">9</span>Let there more work be laid upon the men, that they may labour therein; and let them not regard vain words. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And the taskmasters of the people went out, and their officers, and they spake to the people, saying, Thus saith Pharaoh, I will not give you straw. <span class="veM
r">11</span>Go ye, get you straw where ye can find it: yet not ought of your work shall be diminished. <span class="ver">12</span>So the people were scattered abroad throughout all the land of Egypt to gather stubble instead of straw. <span class="ver">13</span>And the taskmasters hasted them, saying, Fulfil your works, your daily tasks, as when there was straw. <span class="ver">14</span>And the officers of the children of Israel, which Pharaoh
s taskmasters had set over them, were beaten, and demanded, WhereforM
e have ye not fulfilled your task in making brick both yesterday and to day, as heretofore? </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Then the officers of the children of Israel came and cried unto Pharaoh, saying, Wherefore dealest thou thus with thy servants? <span class="ver">16</span>There is no straw given unto thy servants, and they say to us, Make brick: and, behold, thy servants are beaten; but the fault is in thine own people. <span class="ver">17</span>But he said, Ye are idle, ye are idle: therefore ye say, LM
et us go and do sacrifice to the LORD. <span class="ver">18</span>Go therefore now, and work; for there shall no straw be given you, yet shall ye deliver the tale of bricks. <span class="ver">19</span>And the officers of the children of Israel did see that they were in evil case, after it was said, Ye shall not minish ought from your bricks of your daily task. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And they met Moses and Aaron, who stood in the way, as they came forth from Pharaoh: <span class="ver">21</span>And theyM
said unto them, The LORD look upon you, and judge; because ye have made our savour to be abhorred in the eyes of Pharaoh, and in the eyes of his servants, to put a sword in their hand to slay us. <span class="ver">22</span>And Moses returned unto the LORD, and said, Lord, wherefore hast thou so evil entreated this people? why is it that thou hast sent me? <span class="ver">23</span>For since I came to Pharaoh to speak in thy name, he hath done evil to this people; neither hast thou delivered thy people at all.
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then the LORD said unto Moses, Now shalt thou see what I will do to Pharaoh: for with a strong hand shall he let them go, and with a strong hand shall he drive them out of his land. <span class="ver">2</span>And God spake unto Moses, and said unto him, I am the LORD: <span class="ver">3</span>And I appeared unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, by the name of God Almighty, but by my name JEHOVAH was I not known to them. <span class="ver">4</span>And I hM
ave also established my covenant with them, to give them the land of Canaan, the land of their pilgrimage, wherein they were strangers. <span class="ver">5</span>And I have also heard the groaning of the children of Israel, whom the Egyptians keep in bondage; and I have remembered my covenant. <span class="ver">6</span>Wherefore say unto the children of Israel, I am the LORD, and I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians, and I will rid you out of their bondage, and I will redeem you with a stretM
ched out arm, and with great judgments: <span class="ver">7</span>And I will take you to me for a people, and I will be to you a God: and ye shall know that I am the LORD your God, which bringeth you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians. <span class="ver">8</span>And I will bring you in unto the land, concerning the which I did swear to give it to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob; and I will give it you for an heritage: I am the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And Moses spake so unto the children ofM
Israel: but they hearkened not unto Moses for anguish of spirit, and for cruel bondage. <span class="ver">10</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">11</span>Go in, speak unto Pharaoh king of Egypt, that he let the children of Israel go out of his land. <span class="ver">12</span>And Moses spake before the LORD, saying, Behold, the children of Israel have not hearkened unto me; how then shall Pharaoh hear me, who am of uncircumcised lips? <span class="ver">13</span>And the LORD spake unto MoM
ses and unto Aaron, and gave them a charge unto the children of Israel, and unto Pharaoh king of Egypt, to bring the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>These be the heads of their fathers
houses: The sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel; Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi: these be the families of Reuben. <span class="ver">15</span>And the sons of Simeon; Jemuel, and Jamin, and Ohad, and Jachin, and Zohar, and Shaul the son of a Canaanitish woman: these are the M
families of Simeon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And these are the names of the sons of Levi according to their generations; Gershon, and Kohath, and Merari: and the years of the life of Levi were an hundred thirty and seven years. <span class="ver">17</span>The sons of Gershon; Libni, and Shimi, according to their families. <span class="ver">18</span>And the sons of Kohath; Amram, and Izhar, and Hebron, and Uzziel: and the years of the life of Kohath were an hundred thirty and three years. <span class="verM
">19</span>And the sons of Merari; Mahali and Mushi: these are the families of Levi according to their generations. <span class="ver">20</span>And Amram took him Jochebed his father
s sister to wife; and she bare him Aaron and Moses: and the years of the life of Amram were an hundred and thirty and seven years. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And the sons of Izhar; Korah, and Nepheg, and Zichri. <span class="ver">22</span>And the sons of Uzziel; Mishael, and Elzaphan, and Zithri. <span class="ver">23</span>AM
nd Aaron took him Elisheba, daughter of Amminadab, sister of Naashon, to wife; and she bare him Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. <span class="ver">24</span>And the sons of Korah; Assir, and Elkanah, and Abiasaph: these are the families of the Korhites. <span class="ver">25</span>And Eleazar Aaron
s son took him one of the daughters of Putiel to wife; and she bare him Phinehas: these are the heads of the fathers of the Levites according to their families. <span class="ver">26</span>These are that Aaron and M
Moses, to whom the LORD said, Bring out the children of Israel from the land of Egypt according to their armies. <span class="ver">27</span>These are they which spake to Pharaoh king of Egypt, to bring out the children of Israel from Egypt: these are that Moses and Aaron. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>And it came to pass on the day when the LORD spake unto Moses in the land of Egypt, <span class="ver">29</span>That the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, I am the LORD: speak thou unto Pharaoh king of Egypt all thM
at I say unto thee. <span class="ver">30</span>And Moses said before the LORD, Behold, I am of uncircumcised lips, and how shall Pharaoh hearken unto me?
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, See, I have made thee a god to Pharaoh: and Aaron thy brother shall be thy prophet. <span class="ver">2</span>Thou shalt speak all that I command thee: and Aaron thy brother shall speak unto Pharaoh, that he send the children of Israel out of his land. <span class="ver">3</M
span>And I will harden Pharaoh
s heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">4</span>But Pharaoh shall not hearken unto you, that I may lay my hand upon Egypt, and bring forth mine armies, and my people the children of Israel, out of the land of Egypt by great judgments. <span class="ver">5</span>And the Egyptians shall know that I am the LORD, when I stretch forth mine hand upon Egypt, and bring out the children of Israel from among them. <span class="ver">6</span>And MoseM
s and Aaron did as the LORD commanded them, so did they. <span class="ver">7</span>And Moses was fourscore years old, and Aaron fourscore and three years old, when they spake unto Pharaoh. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying, <span class="ver">9</span>When Pharaoh shall speak unto you, saying, Shew a miracle for you: then thou shalt say unto Aaron, Take thy rod, and cast it before Pharaoh, and it shall become a serpent. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And MoM
ses and Aaron went in unto Pharaoh, and they did so as the LORD had commanded: and Aaron cast down his rod before Pharaoh, and before his servants, and it became a serpent. <span class="ver">11</span>Then Pharaoh also called the wise men and the sorcerers: now the magicians of Egypt, they also did in like manner with their enchantments. <span class="ver">12</span>For they cast down every man his rod, and they became serpents: but Aaron
s rod swallowed up their rods. <span class="ver">13</span>And he hardened PharM
s heart, that he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had said. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Pharaoh
s heart is hardened, he refuseth to let the people go. <span class="ver">15</span>Get thee unto Pharaoh in the morning; lo, he goeth out unto the water; and thou shalt stand by the river
s brink against he come; and the rod which was turned to a serpent shalt thou take in thine hand. <span class="ver">16</span>And thou shalt say unto him, The LORD God of the Hebrews haM
th sent me unto thee, saying, Let my people go, that they may serve me in the wilderness: and, behold, hitherto thou wouldest not hear. <span class="ver">17</span>Thus saith the LORD, In this thou shalt know that I am the LORD: behold, I will smite with the rod that is in mine hand upon the waters which are in the river, and they shall be turned to blood. <span class="ver">18</span>And the fish that is in the river shall die, and the river shall stink; and the Egyptians shall lothe to drink of the water of the riveM
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, Say unto Aaron, Take thy rod, and stretch out thine hand upon the waters of Egypt, upon their streams, upon their rivers, and upon their ponds, and upon all their pools of water, that they may become blood; and that there may be blood throughout all the land of Egypt, both in vessels of wood, and in vessels of stone. <span class="ver">20</span>And Moses and Aaron did so, as the LORD commanded; and he lifted up the rod, and smote the waters that M
were in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his servants; and all the waters that were in the river were turned to blood. <span class="ver">21</span>And the fish that was in the river died; and the river stank, and the Egyptians could not drink of the water of the river; and there was blood throughout all the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">22</span>And the magicians of Egypt did so with their enchantments: and Pharaoh
s heart was hardened, neither did he hearken unto them; as the LORD had saM
id. <span class="ver">23</span>And Pharaoh turned and went into his house, neither did he set his heart to this also. <span class="ver">24</span>And all the Egyptians digged round about the river for water to drink; for they could not drink of the water of the river. <span class="ver">25</span>And seven days were fulfilled, after that the LORD had smitten the river.
<h2 id="c8">Chapter 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, Go unto Pharaoh, and say unto him, Thus saith the LORD, LeM
t my people go, that they may serve me. <span class="ver">2</span>And if thou refuse to let them go, behold, I will smite all thy borders with frogs: <span class="ver">3</span>And the river shall bring forth frogs abundantly, which shall go up and come into thine house, and into thy bedchamber, and upon thy bed, and into the house of thy servants, and upon thy people, and into thine ovens, and into thy kneadingtroughs: <span class="ver">4</span>And the frogs shall come up both on thee, and upon thy people, and uponM
all thy servants. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, Say unto Aaron, Stretch forth thine hand with thy rod over the streams, over the rivers, and over the ponds, and cause frogs to come up upon the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">6</span>And Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt; and the frogs came up, and covered the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">7</span>And the magicians did so with their enchantments, and brought up frogs upon the land of Egypt. </p>
n class="ver">8</span>Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron, and said, Intreat the LORD, that he may take away the frogs from me, and from my people; and I will let the people go, that they may do sacrifice unto the LORD. <span class="ver">9</span>And Moses said unto Pharaoh, Glory over me: when shall I intreat for thee, and for thy servants, and for thy people, to destroy the frogs from thee and thy houses, that they may remain in the river only? <span class="ver">10</span>And he said, To morrow. And he said, BeM
it according to thy word: that thou mayest know that there is none like unto the LORD our God. <span class="ver">11</span>And the frogs shall depart from thee, and from thy houses, and from thy servants, and from thy people; they shall remain in the river only. <span class="ver">12</span>And Moses and Aaron went out from Pharaoh: and Moses cried unto the LORD because of the frogs which he had brought against Pharaoh. <span class="ver">13</span>And the LORD did according to the word of Moses; and the frogs died outM
of the houses, out of the villages, and out of the fields. <span class="ver">14</span>And they gathered them together upon heaps: and the land stank. <span class="ver">15</span>But when Pharaoh saw that there was respite, he hardened his heart, and hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had said. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Say unto Aaron, Stretch out thy rod, and smite the dust of the land, that it may become lice throughout all the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">17</span>AnM
d they did so; for Aaron stretched out his hand with his rod, and smote the dust of the earth, and it became lice in man, and in beast; all the dust of the land became lice throughout all the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">18</span>And the magicians did so with their enchantments to bring forth lice, but they could not: so there were lice upon man, and upon beast. <span class="ver">19</span>Then the magicians said unto Pharaoh, This is the finger of God: and Pharaoh
s heart was hardened, and he hearkened not unM
to them; as the LORD had said. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Rise up early in the morning, and stand before Pharaoh; lo, he cometh forth to the water; and say unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Let my people go, that they may serve me. <span class="ver">21</span>Else, if thou wilt not let my people go, behold, I will send swarms of flies upon thee, and upon thy servants, and upon thy people, and into thy houses: and the houses of the Egyptians shall be full of swarms of flies, and aM
lso the ground whereon they are. <span class="ver">22</span>And I will sever in that day the land of Goshen, in which my people dwell, that no swarms of flies shall be there; to the end thou mayest know that I am the LORD in the midst of the earth. <span class="ver">23</span>And I will put a division between my people and thy people: to morrow shall this sign be. <span class="ver">24</span>And the LORD did so; and there came a grievous swarm of flies into the house of Pharaoh, and into his servants
nto all the land of Egypt: the land was corrupted by reason of the swarm of flies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And Pharaoh called for Moses and for Aaron, and said, Go ye, sacrifice to your God in the land. <span class="ver">26</span>And Moses said, It is not meet so to do; for we shall sacrifice the abomination of the Egyptians to the LORD our God: lo, shall we sacrifice the abomination of the Egyptians before their eyes, and will they not stone us? <span class="ver">27</span>We will go three days
ney into the wilderness, and sacrifice to the LORD our God, as he shall command us. <span class="ver">28</span>And Pharaoh said, I will let you go, that ye may sacrifice to the LORD your God in the wilderness; only ye shall not go very far away: intreat for me. <span class="ver">29</span>And Moses said, Behold, I go out from thee, and I will intreat the LORD that the swarms of flies may depart from Pharaoh, from his servants, and from his people, to morrow: but let not Pharaoh deal deceitfully any more in not lettiM
ng the people go to sacrifice to the LORD. <span class="ver">30</span>And Moses went out from Pharaoh, and intreated the LORD. <span class="ver">31</span>And the LORD did according to the word of Moses; and he removed the swarms of flies from Pharaoh, from his servants, and from his people; there remained not one. <span class="ver">32</span>And Pharaoh hardened his heart at this time also, neither would he let the people go.
<h2 id="c9">Chapter 9</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then the LORD said unto MosesM
, Go in unto Pharaoh, and tell him, Thus saith the LORD God of the Hebrews, Let my people go, that they may serve me. <span class="ver">2</span>For if thou refuse to let them go, and wilt hold them still, <span class="ver">3</span>Behold, the hand of the LORD is upon thy cattle which is in the field, upon the horses, upon the asses, upon the camels, upon the oxen, and upon the sheep: there shall be a very grievous murrain. <span class="ver">4</span>And the LORD shall sever between the cattle of Israel and the cattlM
e of Egypt: and there shall nothing die of all that is the children
s of Israel. <span class="ver">5</span>And the LORD appointed a set time, saying, To morrow the LORD shall do this thing in the land. <span class="ver">6</span>And the LORD did that thing on the morrow, and all the cattle of Egypt died: but of the cattle of the children of Israel died not one. <span class="ver">7</span>And Pharaoh sent, and, behold, there was not one of the cattle of the Israelites dead. And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, andM
he did not let the people go. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And the LORD said unto Moses and unto Aaron, Take to you handfuls of ashes of the furnace, and let Moses sprinkle it toward the heaven in the sight of Pharaoh. <span class="ver">9</span>And it shall become small dust in all the land of Egypt, and shall be a boil breaking forth with blains upon man, and upon beast, throughout all the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">10</span>And they took ashes of the furnace, and stood before Pharaoh; and Moses spriM
nkled it up toward heaven; and it became a boil breaking forth with blains upon man, and upon beast. <span class="ver">11</span>And the magicians could not stand before Moses because of the boils; for the boil was upon the magicians, and upon all the Egyptians. <span class="ver">12</span>And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had spoken unto Moses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Rise up early in the morning, and stand before PharaoM
h, and say unto him, Thus saith the LORD God of the Hebrews, Let my people go, that they may serve me. <span class="ver">14</span>For I will at this time send all my plagues upon thine heart, and upon thy servants, and upon thy people; that thou mayest know that there is none like me in all the earth. <span class="ver">15</span>For now I will stretch out my hand, that I may smite thee and thy people with pestilence; and thou shalt be cut off from the earth. <span class="ver">16</span>And in very deed for this causeM
have I raised thee up, for to shew in thee my power; and that my name may be declared throughout all the earth. <span class="ver">17</span>As yet exaltest thou thyself against my people, that thou wilt not let them go? <span class="ver">18</span>Behold, to morrow about this time I will cause it to rain a very grievous hail, such as hath not been in Egypt since the foundation thereof even until now. <span class="ver">19</span>Send therefore now, and gather thy cattle, and all that thou hast in the field; for upon eM
very man and beast which shall be found in the field, and shall not be brought home, the hail shall come down upon them, and they shall die. <span class="ver">20</span>He that feared the word of the LORD among the servants of Pharaoh made his servants and his cattle flee into the houses: <span class="ver">21</span>And he that regarded not the word of the LORD left his servants and his cattle in the field. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch forth thine hand toward heaven, thatM
there may be hail in all the land of Egypt, upon man, and upon beast, and upon every herb of the field, throughout the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">23</span>And Moses stretched forth his rod toward heaven: and the LORD sent thunder and hail, and the fire ran along upon the ground; and the LORD rained hail upon the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">24</span>So there was hail, and fire mingled with the hail, very grievous, such as there was none like it in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation. <span claM
ss="ver">25</span>And the hail smote throughout all the land of Egypt all that was in the field, both man and beast; and the hail smote every herb of the field, and brake every tree of the field. <span class="ver">26</span>Only in the land of Goshen, where the children of Israel were, was there no hail. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>And Pharaoh sent, and called for Moses and Aaron, and said unto them, I have sinned this time: the LORD is righteous, and I and my people are wicked. <span class="ver">28</span>IM
ntreat the LORD (for it is enough) that there be no more mighty thunderings and hail; and I will let you go, and ye shall stay no longer. <span class="ver">29</span>And Moses said unto him, As soon as I am gone out of the city, I will spread abroad my hands unto the LORD; and the thunder shall cease, neither shall there be any more hail; that thou mayest know how that the earth is the LORD
s. <span class="ver">30</span>But as for thee and thy servants, I know that ye will not yet fear the LORD God. <span class="vM
er">31</span>And the flax and the barley was smitten: for the barley was in the ear, and the flax was bolled. <span class="ver">32</span>But the wheat and the rie were not smitten: for they were not grown up. <span class="ver">33</span>And Moses went out of the city from Pharaoh, and spread abroad his hands unto the LORD: and the thunders and hail ceased, and the rain was not poured upon the earth. <span class="ver">34</span>And when Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunders were ceased, he sinned yetM
more, and hardened his heart, he and his servants. <span class="ver">35</span>And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, neither would he let the children of Israel go; as the LORD had spoken by Moses.
<h2 id="c10">Chapter 10</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh: for I have hardened his heart, and the heart of his servants, that I might shew these my signs before him: <span class="ver">2</span>And that thou mayest tell in the ears of thy son, and of thy son
what things I have wrought in Egypt, and my signs which I have done among them; that ye may know how that I am the LORD. <span class="ver">3</span>And Moses and Aaron came in unto Pharaoh, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD God of the Hebrews, How long wilt thou refuse to humble thyself before me? let my people go, that they may serve me. <span class="ver">4</span>Else, if thou refuse to let my people go, behold, to morrow will I bring the locusts into thy coast: <span class="ver">5</span>And they shall cover tM
he face of the earth, that one cannot be able to see the earth: and they shall eat the residue of that which is escaped, which remaineth unto you from the hail, and shall eat every tree which groweth for you out of the field: <span class="ver">6</span>And they shall fill thy houses, and the houses of all thy servants, and the houses of all the Egyptians; which neither thy fathers, nor thy fathers
fathers have seen, since the day that they were upon the earth unto this day. And he turned himself, and went out froM
m Pharaoh. <span class="ver">7</span>And Pharaoh
s servants said unto him, How long shall this man be a snare unto us? let the men go, that they may serve the LORD their God: knowest thou not yet that Egypt is destroyed? <span class="ver">8</span>And Moses and Aaron were brought again unto Pharaoh: and he said unto them, Go, serve the LORD your God: but who are they that shall go? <span class="ver">9</span>And Moses said, We will go with our young and with our old, with our sons and with our daughters, with our fM
locks and with our herds will we go; for we must hold a feast unto the LORD. <span class="ver">10</span>And he said unto them, Let the LORD be so with you, as I will let you go, and your little ones: look to it; for evil is before you. <span class="ver">11</span>Not so: go now ye that are men, and serve the LORD; for that ye did desire. And they were driven out from Pharaoh
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand over the land of Egypt for the locusts,M
that they may come up upon the land of Egypt, and eat every herb of the land, even all that the hail hath left. <span class="ver">13</span>And Moses stretched forth his rod over the land of Egypt, and the LORD brought an east wind upon the land all that day, and all that night; and when it was morning, the east wind brought the locusts. <span class="ver">14</span>And the locusts went up over all the land of Egypt, and rested in all the coasts of Egypt: very grievous were they; before them there were no such locustM
s as they, neither after them shall be such. <span class="ver">15</span>For they covered the face of the whole earth, so that the land was darkened; and they did eat every herb of the land, and all the fruit of the trees which the hail had left: and there remained not any green thing in the trees, or in the herbs of the field, through all the land of Egypt. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron in haste; and he said, I have sinned against the LORD your God, and against you. <sM
pan class="ver">17</span>Now therefore forgive, I pray thee, my sin only this once, and intreat the LORD your God, that he may take away from me this death only. <span class="ver">18</span>And he went out from Pharaoh, and intreated the LORD. <span class="ver">19</span>And the LORD turned a mighty strong west wind, which took away the locusts, and cast them into the Red sea; there remained not one locust in all the coasts of Egypt. <span class="ver">20</span>But the LORD hardened Pharaoh
s heart, so that he wouldM
not let the children of Israel go. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt. <span class="ver">22</span>And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven; and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days: <span class="ver">23</span>They saw not one another, neither rose any from his place for three days: but all the children of Israel had light in theirM
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And Pharaoh called unto Moses, and said, Go ye, serve the LORD; only let your flocks and your herds be stayed: let your little ones also go with you. <span class="ver">25</span>And Moses said, Thou must give us also sacrifices and burnt offerings, that we may sacrifice unto the LORD our God. <span class="ver">26</span>Our cattle also shall go with us; there shall not an hoof be left behind; for thereof must we take to serve the LORD our God; and we know not with whatM
we must serve the LORD, until we come thither. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>But the LORD hardened Pharaoh
s heart, and he would not let them go. <span class="ver">28</span>And Pharaoh said unto him, Get thee from me, take heed to thyself, see my face no more; for in that day thou seest my face thou shalt die. <span class="ver">29</span>And Moses said, Thou hast spoken well, I will see thy face again no more.
<h2 id="c11">Chapter 11</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, YetM
will I bring one plague more upon Pharaoh, and upon Egypt; afterwards he will let you go hence: when he shall let you go, he shall surely thrust you out hence altogether. <span class="ver">2</span>Speak now in the ears of the people, and let every man borrow of his neighbour, and every woman of her neighbour, jewels of silver, and jewels of gold. <span class="ver">3</span>And the LORD gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians. Moreover the man Moses was very great in the land of Egypt, in the sight of PM
s servants, and in the sight of the people. <span class="ver">4</span>And Moses said, Thus saith the LORD, About midnight will I go out into the midst of Egypt: <span class="ver">5</span>And all the firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sitteth upon his throne, even unto the firstborn of the maidservant that is behind the mill; and all the firstborn of beasts. <span class="ver">6</span>And there shall be a great cry throughout all the land of Egypt, such as there was M
none like it, nor shall be like it any more. <span class="ver">7</span>But against any of the children of Israel shall not a dog move his tongue, against man or beast: that ye may know how that the LORD doth put a difference between the Egyptians and Israel. <span class="ver">8</span>And all these thy servants shall come down unto me, and bow down themselves unto me, saying, Get thee out, and all the people that follow thee: and after that I will go out. And he went out from Pharaoh in a great anger. <span class="vM
er">9</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Pharaoh shall not hearken unto you; that my wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">10</span>And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh: and the LORD hardened Pharaoh
s heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go out of his land.
<h2 id="c12">Chapter 12</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>This month shall be unto you theM
beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to the house of their fathers, a lamb for an house: <span class="ver">4</span>And if the household be too little for the lamb, let him and his neighbour next unto his house take it according to the number of the souls; every man according to his eating shall make your count foM
r the lamb. <span class="ver">5</span>Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male of the first year: ye shall take it out from the sheep, or from the goats: <span class="ver">6</span>And ye shall keep it up until the fourteenth day of the same month: and the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it in the evening. <span class="ver">7</span>And they shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side posts and on the upper door post of the houses, wherein they shall eat it. <span class="ver">8</sM
pan>And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unleavened bread; and with bitter herbs they shall eat it. <span class="ver">9</span>Eat not of it raw, nor sodden at all with water, but roast with fire; his head with his legs, and with the purtenance thereof. <span class="ver">10</span>And ye shall let nothing of it remain until the morning; and that which remaineth of it until the morning ye shall burn with fire. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And thus shall ye eat it; with your loins giM
rded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and ye shall eat it in haste: it is the LORD
s passover. <span class="ver">12</span>For I will pass through the land of Egypt this night, and will smite all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment: I am the LORD. <span class="ver">13</span>And the blood shall be to you for a token upon the houses where ye are: and when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and the plague shall notM
be upon you to destroy you, when I smite the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">14</span>And this day shall be unto you for a memorial; and ye shall keep it a feast to the LORD throughout your generations; ye shall keep it a feast by an ordinance for ever. <span class="ver">15</span>Seven days shall ye eat unleavened bread; even the first day ye shall put away leaven out of your houses: for whosoever eateth leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day, that soul shall be cut off from Israel. <span class="M
ver">16</span>And in the first day there shall be an holy convocation, and in the seventh day there shall be an holy convocation to you; no manner of work shall be done in them, save that which every man must eat, that only may be done of you. <span class="ver">17</span>And ye shall observe the feast of unleavened bread; for in this selfsame day have I brought your armies out of the land of Egypt: therefore shall ye observe this day in your generations by an ordinance for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>M
In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at even, ye shall eat unleavened bread, until the one and twentieth day of the month at even. <span class="ver">19</span>Seven days shall there be no leaven found in your houses: for whosoever eateth that which is leavened, even that soul shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he be a stranger, or born in the land. <span class="ver">20</span>Ye shall eat nothing leavened; in all your habitations shall ye eat unleavened bread. </p>
class="ver">21</span>Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel, and said unto them, Draw out and take you a lamb according to your families, and kill the passover. <span class="ver">22</span>And ye shall take a bunch of hyssop, and dip it in the blood that is in the bason, and strike the lintel and the two side posts with the blood that is in the bason; and none of you shall go out at the door of his house until the morning. <span class="ver">23</span>For the LORD will pass through to smite the Egyptians; and M
when he seeth the blood upon the lintel, and on the two side posts, the LORD will pass over the door, and will not suffer the destroyer to come in unto your houses to smite you. <span class="ver">24</span>And ye shall observe this thing for an ordinance to thee and to thy sons for ever. <span class="ver">25</span>And it shall come to pass, when ye be come to the land which the LORD will give you, according as he hath promised, that ye shall keep this service. <span class="ver">26</span>And it shall come to pass, whM
en your children shall say unto you, What mean ye by this service? <span class="ver">27</span>That ye shall say, It is the sacrifice of the LORD
s passover, who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, when he smote the Egyptians, and delivered our houses. And the people bowed the head and worshipped. <span class="ver">28</span>And the children of Israel went away, and did as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>And it came to pass, that at miM
dnight the LORD smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sat on his throne unto the firstborn of the captive that was in the dungeon; and all the firstborn of cattle. <span class="ver">30</span>And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, and all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in Egypt; for there was not a house where there was not one dead. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>And he called for Moses and Aaron by night, and said, Rise up, and get youM
forth from among my people, both ye and the children of Israel; and go, serve the LORD, as ye have said. <span class="ver">32</span>Also take your flocks and your herds, as ye have said, and be gone; and bless me also. <span class="ver">33</span>And the Egyptians were urgent upon the people, that they might send them out of the land in haste; for they said, We be all dead men. <span class="ver">34</span>And the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneadingtroughs being bound up in their clothes upM
on their shoulders. <span class="ver">35</span>And the children of Israel did according to the word of Moses; and they borrowed of the Egyptians jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and raiment: <span class="ver">36</span>And the LORD gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they lent unto them such things as they required. And they spoiled the Egyptians. </p>
<p><span class="ver">37</span>And the children of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand on foot that wM
ere men, beside children. <span class="ver">38</span>And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle. <span class="ver">39</span>And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual. </p>
<p><span class="ver">40</span>Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, who dwelt in Egypt, was four hundred and tM
hirty years. <span class="ver">41</span>And it came to pass at the end of the four hundred and thirty years, even the selfsame day it came to pass, that all the hosts of the LORD went out from the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">42</span>It is a night to be much observed unto the LORD for bringing them out from the land of Egypt: this is that night of the LORD to be observed of all the children of Israel in their generations. </p>
<p><span class="ver">43</span>And the LORD said unto Moses and Aaron, This is the M
ordinance of the passover: There shall no stranger eat thereof: <span class="ver">44</span>But every man
s servant that is bought for money, when thou hast circumcised him, then shall he eat thereof. <span class="ver">45</span>A foreigner and an hired servant shall not eat thereof. <span class="ver">46</span>In one house shall it be eaten; thou shalt not carry forth ought of the flesh abroad out of the house; neither shall ye break a bone thereof. <span class="ver">47</span>All the congregation of Israel shall keM
ep it. <span class="ver">48</span>And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee, and will keep the passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as one that is born in the land: for no uncircumcised person shall eat thereof. <span class="ver">49</span>One law shall be to him that is homeborn, and unto the stranger that sojourneth among you. <span class="ver">50</span>Thus did all the children of Israel; as the LORD commanded Moses and Aaron, so did theM
y. <span class="ver">51</span>And it came to pass the selfsame day, that the LORD did bring the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their armies.
<h2 id="c13">Chapter 13</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Sanctify unto me all the firstborn, whatsoever openeth the womb among the children of Israel, both of man and of beast: it is mine. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And Moses said unto the people, Remember this day, in which ye camM
e out from Egypt, out of the house of bondage; for by strength of hand the LORD brought you out from this place: there shall no leavened bread be eaten. <span class="ver">4</span>This day came ye out in the month Abib. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And it shall be when the LORD shall bring thee into the land of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, which he sware unto thy fathers to give thee, a land flowing with milk and honey, that thou shalt keep this serviM
ce in this month. <span class="ver">6</span>Seven days thou shalt eat unleavened bread, and in the seventh day shall be a feast to the LORD. <span class="ver">7</span>Unleavened bread shall be eaten seven days; and there shall no leavened bread be seen with thee, neither shall there be leaven seen with thee in all thy quarters. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And thou shalt shew thy son in that day, saying, This is done because of that which the LORD did unto me when I came forth out of Egypt. <span class="ver"M
>9</span>And it shall be for a sign unto thee upon thine hand, and for a memorial between thine eyes, that the LORD
s law may be in thy mouth: for with a strong hand hath the LORD brought thee out of Egypt. <span class="ver">10</span>Thou shalt therefore keep this ordinance in his season from year to year. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And it shall be when the LORD shall bring thee into the land of the Canaanites, as he sware unto thee and to thy fathers, and shall give it thee, <span class="ver">12</span>M
That thou shalt set apart unto the LORD all that openeth the matrix, and every firstling that cometh of a beast which thou hast; the males shall be the LORD
s. <span class="ver">13</span>And every firstling of an ass thou shalt redeem with a lamb; and if thou wilt not redeem it, then thou shalt break his neck: and all the firstborn of man among thy children shalt thou redeem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And it shall be when thy son asketh thee in time to come, saying, What is this? that thou shalt say unM
to him, By strength of hand the LORD brought us out from Egypt, from the house of bondage: <span class="ver">15</span>And it came to pass, when Pharaoh would hardly let us go, that the LORD slew all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the firstborn of man, and the firstborn of beast: therefore I sacrifice to the LORD all that openeth the matrix, being males; but all the firstborn of my children I redeem. <span class="ver">16</span>And it shall be for a token upon thine hand, and for frontlets between thine eyeM
s: for by strength of hand the LORD brought us forth out of Egypt. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And it came to pass, when Pharaoh had let the people go, that God led them not through the way of the land of the Philistines, although that was near; for God said, Lest peradventure the people repent when they see war, and they return to Egypt: <span class="ver">18</span>But God led the people about, through the way of the wilderness of the Red sea: and the children of Israel went up harnessed out of the land ofM
Egypt. <span class="ver">19</span>And Moses took the bones of Joseph with him: for he had straitly sworn the children of Israel, saying, God will surely visit you; and ye shall carry up my bones away hence with you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And they took their journey from Succoth, and encamped in Etham, in the edge of the wilderness. <span class="ver">21</span>And the LORD went before them by day in a pillar of a cloud, to lead them the way; and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light; to go M
by day and night: <span class="ver">22</span>He took not away the pillar of the cloud by day, nor the pillar of fire by night, from before the people.
<h2 id="c14">Chapter 14</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Speak unto the children of Israel, that they turn and encamp before Pi-hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea, over against Baal-zephon: before it shall ye encamp by the sea. <span class="ver">3</span>For Pharaoh will say of the children of IM
srael, They are entangled in the land, the wilderness hath shut them in. <span class="ver">4</span>And I will harden Pharaoh
s heart, that he shall follow after them; and I will be honoured upon Pharaoh, and upon all his host; that the Egyptians may know that I am the LORD. And they did so. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And it was told the king of Egypt that the people fled: and the heart of Pharaoh and of his servants was turned against the people, and they said, Why have we done this, that we have let IsrM
ael go from serving us? <span class="ver">6</span>And he made ready his chariot, and took his people with him: <span class="ver">7</span>And he took six hundred chosen chariots, and all the chariots of Egypt, and captains over every one of them. <span class="ver">8</span>And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel: and the children of Israel went out with an high hand. <span class="ver">9</span>But the Egyptians pursued after them, all the horses and chariotM
s of Pharaoh, and his horsemen, and his army, and overtook them encamping by the sea, beside Pi-hahiroth, before Baal-zephon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And when Pharaoh drew nigh, the children of Israel lifted up their eyes, and, behold, the Egyptians marched after them; and they were sore afraid: and the children of Israel cried out unto the LORD. <span class="ver">11</span>And they said unto Moses, Because there were no graves in Egypt, hast thou taken us away to die in the wilderness? wherefore hast tM
hou dealt thus with us, to carry us forth out of Egypt? <span class="ver">12</span>Is not this the word that we did tell thee in Egypt, saying, Let us alone, that we may serve the Egyptians? For it had been better for us to serve the Egyptians, than that we should die in the wilderness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And Moses said unto the people, Fear ye not, stand still, and see the salvation of the LORD, which he will shew to you to day: for the Egyptians whom ye have seen to day, ye shall see them again M
no more for ever. <span class="ver">14</span>The LORD shall fight for you, and ye shall hold your peace. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Wherefore criest thou unto me? speak unto the children of Israel, that they go forward: <span class="ver">16</span>But lift thou up thy rod, and stretch out thine hand over the sea, and divide it: and the children of Israel shall go on dry ground through the midst of the sea. <span class="ver">17</span>And I, behold, I will harden the hearts of tM
he Egyptians, and they shall follow them: and I will get me honour upon Pharaoh, and upon all his host, upon his chariots, and upon his horsemen. <span class="ver">18</span>And the Egyptians shall know that I am the LORD, when I have gotten me honour upon Pharaoh, upon his chariots, and upon his horsemen. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And the angel of God, which went before the camp of Israel, removed and went behind them; and the pillar of the cloud went from before their face, and stood behind them: <span M
class="ver">20</span>And it came between the camp of the Egyptians and the camp of Israel; and it was a cloud and darkness to them, but it gave light by night to these: so that the one came not near the other all the night. <span class="ver">21</span>And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea; and the LORD caused the sea to go back by a strong east wind all that night, and made the sea dry land, and the waters were divided. <span class="ver">22</span>And the children of Israel went into the midst of the sea uponM
the dry ground: and the waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And the Egyptians pursued, and went in after them to the midst of the sea, even all Pharaoh
s horses, his chariots, and his horsemen. <span class="ver">24</span>And it came to pass, that in the morning watch the LORD looked unto the host of the Egyptians through the pillar of fire and of the cloud, and troubled the host of the Egyptians, <span class="ver">25</span>And took off their cM
hariot wheels, that they drave them heavily: so that the Egyptians said, Let us flee from the face of Israel; for the LORD fighteth for them against the Egyptians. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand over the sea, that the waters may come again upon the Egyptians, upon their chariots, and upon their horsemen. <span class="ver">27</span>And Moses stretched forth his hand over the sea, and the sea returned to his strength when the morning appeared; and the EgyptiaM
ns fled against it; and the LORD overthrew the Egyptians in the midst of the sea. <span class="ver">28</span>And the waters returned, and covered the chariots, and the horsemen, and all the host of Pharaoh that came into the sea after them; there remained not so much as one of them. <span class="ver">29</span>But the children of Israel walked upon dry land in the midst of the sea; and the waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left. <span class="ver">30</span>Thus the LORD saved Israel that M
day out of the hand of the Egyptians; and Israel saw the Egyptians dead upon the sea shore. <span class="ver">31</span>And Israel saw that great work which the LORD did upon the Egyptians: and the people feared the LORD, and believed the LORD, and his servant Moses.
<h2 id="c15">Chapter 15</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then sang Moses and the children of Israel this song unto the LORD, and spake, saying, I will sing unto the LORD, for he hath triumphed gloriously: the horse and his rider hath he thrown inM
to the sea. <span class="ver">2</span>The LORD is my strength and song, and he is become my salvation: he is my God, and I will prepare him an habitation; my father
s God, and I will exalt him. <span class="ver">3</span>The LORD is a man of war: the LORD is his name. <span class="ver">4</span>Pharaoh
s chariots and his host hath he cast into the sea: his chosen captains also are drowned in the Red sea. <span class="ver">5</span>The depths have covered them: they sank into the bottom as a stone. <span class="verM
">6</span>Thy right hand, O LORD, is become glorious in power: thy right hand, O LORD, hath dashed in pieces the enemy. <span class="ver">7</span>And in the greatness of thine excellency thou hast overthrown them that rose up against thee: thou sentest forth thy wrath, which consumed them as stubble. <span class="ver">8</span>And with the blast of thy nostrils the waters were gathered together, the floods stood upright as an heap, and the depths were congealed in the heart of the sea. <span class="ver">9</span>The M
enemy said, I will pursue, I will overtake, I will divide the spoil; my lust shall be satisfied upon them; I will draw my sword, my hand shall destroy them. <span class="ver">10</span>Thou didst blow with thy wind, the sea covered them: they sank as lead in the mighty waters. <span class="ver">11</span>Who is like unto thee, O LORD, among the gods? who is like thee, glorious in holiness, fearful in praises, doing wonders? <span class="ver">12</span>Thou stretchedst out thy right hand, the earth swallowed them. <spaM
n class="ver">13</span>Thou in thy mercy hast led forth the people which thou hast redeemed: thou hast guided them in thy strength unto thy holy habitation. <span class="ver">14</span>The people shall hear, and be afraid: sorrow shall take hold on the inhabitants of Palestina. <span class="ver">15</span>Then the dukes of Edom shall be amazed; the mighty men of Moab, trembling shall take hold upon them; all the inhabitants of Canaan shall melt away. <span class="ver">16</span>Fear and dread shall fall upon them; byM
the greatness of thine arm they shall be as still as a stone; till thy people pass over, O LORD, till the people pass over, which thou hast purchased. <span class="ver">17</span>Thou shalt bring them in, and plant them in the mountain of thine inheritance, in the place, O LORD, which thou hast made for thee to dwell in, in the Sanctuary, O Lord, which thy hands have established. <span class="ver">18</span>The LORD shall reign for ever and ever. <span class="ver">19</span>For the horse of Pharaoh went in with his M
chariots and with his horsemen into the sea, and the LORD brought again the waters of the sea upon them; but the children of Israel went on dry land in the midst of the sea. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And Miriam the prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took a timbrel in her hand; and all the women went out after her with timbrels and with dances. <span class="ver">21</span>And Miriam answered them, Sing ye to the LORD, for he hath triumphed gloriously; the horse and his rider hath he thrown into the sea. <spaM
n class="ver">22</span>So Moses brought Israel from the Red sea, and they went out into the wilderness of Shur; and they went three days in the wilderness, and found no water. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And when they came to Marah, they could not drink of the waters of Marah, for they were bitter: therefore the name of it was called Marah. <span class="ver">24</span>And the people murmured against Moses, saying, What shall we drink? <span class="ver">25</span>And he cried unto the LORD; and the LORD sheweM
d him a tree, which when he had cast into the waters, the waters were made sweet: there he made for them a statute and an ordinance, and there he proved them, <span class="ver">26</span>And said, If thou wilt diligently hearken to the voice of the LORD thy God, and wilt do that which is right in his sight, and wilt give ear to his commandments, and keep all his statutes, I will put none of these diseases upon thee, which I have brought upon the Egyptians: for I am the LORD that healeth thee. </p>
ver">27</span>And they came to Elim, where were twelve wells of water, and threescore and ten palm trees: and they encamped there by the waters.
<h2 id="c16">Chapter 16</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And they took their journey from Elim, and all the congregation of the children of Israel came unto the wilderness of Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second month after their departing out of the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">2</span>And the whole congregation of the childrM
en of Israel murmured against Moses and Aaron in the wilderness: <span class="ver">3</span>And the children of Israel said unto them, Would to God we had died by the hand of the LORD in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the flesh pots, and when we did eat bread to the full; for ye have brought us forth into this wilderness, to kill this whole assembly with hunger. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Then said the LORD unto Moses, Behold, I will rain bread from heaven for you; and the people shall go out and gather M
a certain rate every day, that I may prove them, whether they will walk in my law, or no. <span class="ver">5</span>And it shall come to pass, that on the sixth day they shall prepare that which they bring in; and it shall be twice as much as they gather daily. <span class="ver">6</span>And Moses and Aaron said unto all the children of Israel, At even, then ye shall know that the LORD hath brought you out from the land of Egypt: <span class="ver">7</span>And in the morning, then ye shall see the glory of the LORD; M
for that he heareth your murmurings against the LORD: and what are we, that ye murmur against us? <span class="ver">8</span>And Moses said, This shall be, when the LORD shall give you in the evening flesh to eat, and in the morning bread to the full; for that the LORD heareth your murmurings which ye murmur against him: and what are we? your murmurings are not against us, but against the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And Moses spake unto Aaron, Say unto all the congregation of the children of Israel, CoM
me near before the LORD: for he hath heard your murmurings. <span class="ver">10</span>And it came to pass, as Aaron spake unto the whole congregation of the children of Israel, that they looked toward the wilderness, and, behold, the glory of the LORD appeared in the cloud. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">12</span>I have heard the murmurings of the children of Israel: speak unto them, saying, At even ye shall eat flesh, and in the morning ye shall be fiM
lled with bread; and ye shall know that I am the LORD your God. <span class="ver">13</span>And it came to pass, that at even the quails came up, and covered the camp: and in the morning the dew lay round about the host. <span class="ver">14</span>And when the dew that lay was gone up, behold, upon the face of the wilderness there lay a small round thing, as small as the hoar frost on the ground. <span class="ver">15</span>And when the children of Israel saw it, they said one to another, It is manna: for they wist nM
ot what it was. And Moses said unto them, This is the bread which the LORD hath given you to eat. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>This is the thing which the LORD hath commanded, Gather of it every man according to his eating, an omer for every man, according to the number of your persons; take ye every man for them which are in his tents. <span class="ver">17</span>And the children of Israel did so, and gathered, some more, some less. <span class="ver">18</span>And when they did mete it with an omer, he that M
gathered much had nothing over, and he that gathered little had no lack; they gathered every man according to his eating. <span class="ver">19</span>And Moses said, Let no man leave of it till the morning. <span class="ver">20</span>Notwithstanding they hearkened not unto Moses; but some of them left of it until the morning, and it bred worms, and stank: and Moses was wroth with them. <span class="ver">21</span>And they gathered it every morning, every man according to his eating: and when the sun waxed hot, it melM
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And it came to pass, that on the sixth day they gathered twice as much bread, two omers for one man: and all the rulers of the congregation came and told Moses. <span class="ver">23</span>And he said unto them, This is that which the LORD hath said, To morrow is the rest of the holy sabbath unto the LORD: bake that which ye will bake to day, and seethe that ye will seethe; and that which remaineth over lay up for you to be kept until the morning. <span class="ver">24</span>M
And they laid it up till the morning, as Moses bade: and it did not stink, neither was there any worm therein. <span class="ver">25</span>And Moses said, Eat that to day; for to day is a sabbath unto the LORD: to day ye shall not find it in the field. <span class="ver">26</span>Six days ye shall gather it; but on the seventh day, which is the sabbath, in it there shall be none. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>And it came to pass, that there went out some of the people on the seventh day for to gather, and theyM
found none. <span class="ver">28</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, How long refuse ye to keep my commandments and my laws? <span class="ver">29</span>See, for that the LORD hath given you the sabbath, therefore he giveth you on the sixth day the bread of two days; abide ye every man in his place, let no man go out of his place on the seventh day. <span class="ver">30</span>So the people rested on the seventh day. <span class="ver">31</span>And the house of Israel called the name thereof Manna: and it was like coM
riander seed, white; and the taste of it was like wafers made with honey. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>And Moses said, This is the thing which the LORD commandeth, Fill an omer of it to be kept for your generations; that they may see the bread wherewith I have fed you in the wilderness, when I brought you forth from the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">33</span>And Moses said unto Aaron, Take a pot, and put an omer full of manna therein, and lay it up before the LORD, to be kept for your generations. <span M
class="ver">34</span>As the LORD commanded Moses, so Aaron laid it up before the Testimony, to be kept. <span class="ver">35</span>And the children of Israel did eat manna forty years, until they came to a land inhabited; they did eat manna, until they came unto the borders of the land of Canaan. <span class="ver">36</span>Now an omer is the tenth part of an ephah.
<h2 id="c17">Chapter 17</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And all the congregation of the children of Israel journeyed from the wilderness of Sin,M
after their journeys, according to the commandment of the LORD, and pitched in Rephidim: and there was no water for the people to drink. <span class="ver">2</span>Wherefore the people did chide with Moses, and said, Give us water that we may drink. And Moses said unto them, Why chide ye with me? wherefore do ye tempt the LORD? <span class="ver">3</span>And the people thirsted there for water; and the people murmured against Moses, and said, Wherefore is this that thou hast brought us up out of Egypt, to kill us anM
d our children and our cattle with thirst? <span class="ver">4</span>And Moses cried unto the LORD, saying, What shall I do unto this people? they be almost ready to stone me. <span class="ver">5</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Go on before the people, and take with thee of the elders of Israel; and thy rod, wherewith thou smotest the river, take in thine hand, and go. <span class="ver">6</span>Behold, I will stand before thee there upon the rock in Horeb; and thou shalt smite the rock, and there shall come watM
er out of it, that the people may drink. And Moses did so in the sight of the elders of Israel. <span class="ver">7</span>And he called the name of the place Massah, and Meribah, because of the chiding of the children of Israel, and because they tempted the LORD, saying, Is the LORD among us, or not? </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Then came Amalek, and fought with Israel in Rephidim. <span class="ver">9</span>And Moses said unto Joshua, Choose us out men, and go out, fight with Amalek: to morrow I will stand oM
n the top of the hill with the rod of God in mine hand. <span class="ver">10</span>So Joshua did as Moses had said to him, and fought with Amalek: and Moses, Aaron, and Hur went up to the top of the hill. <span class="ver">11</span>And it came to pass, when Moses held up his hand, that Israel prevailed: and when he let down his hand, Amalek prevailed. <span class="ver">12</span>But Moses
hands were heavy; and they took a stone, and put it under him, and he sat thereon; and Aaron and Hur stayed up his hands, the M
one on the one side, and the other on the other side; and his hands were steady until the going down of the sun. <span class="ver">13</span>And Joshua discomfited Amalek and his people with the edge of the sword. <span class="ver">14</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Write this for a memorial in a book, and rehearse it in the ears of Joshua: for I will utterly put out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven. <span class="ver">15</span>And Moses built an altar, and called the name of it Jehovah-nissi: <span clM
ass="ver">16</span>For he said, Because the LORD hath sworn that the LORD will have war with Amalek from generation to generation.
<h2 id="c18">Chapter 18</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>When Jethro, the priest of Midian, Moses
father in law, heard of all that God had done for Moses, and for Israel his people, and that the LORD had brought Israel out of Egypt; <span class="ver">2</span>Then Jethro, Moses
father in law, took Zipporah, Moses
wife, after he had sent her back, <span class="ver">3</spanM
>And her two sons; of which the name of the one was Gershom; for he said, I have been an alien in a strange land: <span class="ver">4</span>And the name of the other was Eliezer; for the God of my father, said he, was mine help, and delivered me from the sword of Pharaoh: <span class="ver">5</span>And Jethro, Moses
father in law, came with his sons and his wife unto Moses into the wilderness, where he encamped at the mount of God: <span class="ver">6</span>And he said unto Moses, I thy father in law Jethro am coM
me unto thee, and thy wife, and her two sons with her. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And Moses went out to meet his father in law, and did obeisance, and kissed him; and they asked each other of their welfare; and they came into the tent. <span class="ver">8</span>And Moses told his father in law all that the LORD had done unto Pharaoh and to the Egyptians for Israel
s sake, and all the travail that had come upon them by the way, and how the LORD delivered them. <span class="ver">9</span>And Jethro rejoicedM
for all the goodness which the LORD had done to Israel, whom he had delivered out of the hand of the Egyptians. <span class="ver">10</span>And Jethro said, Blessed be the LORD, who hath delivered you out of the hand of the Egyptians, and out of the hand of Pharaoh, who hath delivered the people from under the hand of the Egyptians. <span class="ver">11</span>Now I know that the LORD is greater than all gods: for in the thing wherein they dealt proudly he was above them. <span class="ver">12</span>And Jethro, MosesM
father in law, took a burnt offering and sacrifices for God: and Aaron came, and all the elders of Israel, to eat bread with Moses
father in law before God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And it came to pass on the morrow, that Moses sat to judge the people: and the people stood by Moses from the morning unto the evening. <span class="ver">14</span>And when Moses
father in law saw all that he did to the people, he said, What is this thing that thou doest to the people? why sittest thou thyself aloneM
, and all the people stand by thee from morning unto even? <span class="ver">15</span>And Moses said unto his father in law, Because the people come unto me to enquire of God: <span class="ver">16</span>When they have a matter, they come unto me; and I judge between one and another, and I do make them know the statutes of God, and his laws. <span class="ver">17</span>And Moses
father in law said unto him, The thing that thou doest is not good. <span class="ver">18</span>Thou wilt surely wear away, both thou, andM
this people that is with thee: for this thing is too heavy for thee; thou art not able to perform it thyself alone. <span class="ver">19</span>Hearken now unto my voice, I will give thee counsel, and God shall be with thee: Be thou for the people to God-ward, that thou mayest bring the causes unto God: <span class="ver">20</span>And thou shalt teach them ordinances and laws, and shalt shew them the way wherein they must walk, and the work that they must do. <span class="ver">21</span>Moreover thou shalt provide ouM
t of all the people able men, such as fear God, men of truth, hating covetousness; and place such over them, to be rulers of thousands, and rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens: <span class="ver">22</span>And let them judge the people at all seasons: and it shall be, that every great matter they shall bring unto thee, but every small matter they shall judge: so shall it be easier for thyself, and they shall bear the burden with thee. <span class="ver">23</span>If thou shalt do this thing, and GM
od command thee so, then thou shalt be able to endure, and all this people shall also go to their place in peace. <span class="ver">24</span>So Moses hearkened to the voice of his father in law, and did all that he had said. <span class="ver">25</span>And Moses chose able men out of all Israel, and made them heads over the people, rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens. <span class="ver">26</span>And they judged the people at all seasons: the hard causes they brought unto MosM
es, but every small matter they judged themselves. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>And Moses let his father in law depart; and he went his way into his own land.
<h2 id="c19">Chapter 19</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In the third month, when the children of Israel were gone forth out of the land of Egypt, the same day came they into the wilderness of Sinai. <span class="ver">2</span>For they were departed from Rephidim, and were come to the desert of Sinai, and had pitched in the wilderness; and thereM
Israel camped before the mount. <span class="ver">3</span>And Moses went up unto God, and the LORD called unto him out of the mountain, saying, Thus shalt thou say to the house of Jacob, and tell the children of Israel; <span class="ver">4</span>Ye have seen what I did unto the Egyptians, and how I bare you on eagles
wings, and brought you unto myself. <span class="ver">5</span>Now therefore, if ye will obey my voice indeed, and keep my covenant, then ye shall be a peculiar treasure unto me above all people: foM
r all the earth is mine: <span class="ver">6</span>And ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests, and an holy nation. These are the words which thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And Moses came and called for the elders of the people, and laid before their faces all these words which the LORD commanded him. <span class="ver">8</span>And all the people answered together, and said, All that the LORD hath spoken we will do. And Moses returned the words of the people unto tM
he LORD. <span class="ver">9</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Lo, I come unto thee in a thick cloud, that the people may hear when I speak with thee, and believe thee for ever. And Moses told the words of the people unto the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Go unto the people, and sanctify them to day and to morrow, and let them wash their clothes, <span class="ver">11</span>And be ready against the third day: for the third day the LORD will come down in the sight of all tM
he people upon mount Sinai. <span class="ver">12</span>And thou shalt set bounds unto the people round about, saying, Take heed to yourselves, that ye go not up into the mount, or touch the border of it: whosoever toucheth the mount shall be surely put to death: <span class="ver">13</span>There shall not an hand touch it, but he shall surely be stoned, or shot through; whether it be beast or man, it shall not live: when the trumpet soundeth long, they shall come up to the mount. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</spanM
>And Moses went down from the mount unto the people, and sanctified the people; and they washed their clothes. <span class="ver">15</span>And he said unto the people, Be ready against the third day: come not at your wives. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And it came to pass on the third day in the morning, that there were thunders and lightnings, and a thick cloud upon the mount, and the voice of the trumpet exceeding loud; so that all the people that was in the camp trembled. <span class="ver">17</span>And MoM
ses brought forth the people out of the camp to meet with God; and they stood at the nether part of the mount. <span class="ver">18</span>And mount Sinai was altogether on a smoke, because the LORD descended upon it in fire: and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly. <span class="ver">19</span>And when the voice of the trumpet sounded long, and waxed louder and louder, Moses spake, and God answered him by a voice. <span class="ver">20</span>And the LORD came down uM
pon mount Sinai, on the top of the mount: and the LORD called Moses up to the top of the mount; and Moses went up. <span class="ver">21</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Go down, charge the people, lest they break through unto the LORD to gaze, and many of them perish. <span class="ver">22</span>And let the priests also, which come near to the LORD, sanctify themselves, lest the LORD break forth upon them. <span class="ver">23</span>And Moses said unto the LORD, The people cannot come up to mount Sinai: for thou M
chargedst us, saying, Set bounds about the mount, and sanctify it. <span class="ver">24</span>And the LORD said unto him, Away, get thee down, and thou shalt come up, thou, and Aaron with thee: but let not the priests and the people break through to come up unto the LORD, lest he break forth upon them. <span class="ver">25</span>So Moses went down unto the people, and spake unto them.
<h2 id="c20">Chapter 20</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And God spake all these words, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>I aM
m the LORD thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. <span class="ver">3</span>Thou shalt have no other gods before me. <span class="ver">4</span>Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth: <span class="ver">5</span>Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of theM
fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; <span class="ver">6</span>And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments. <span class="ver">7</span>Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. <span class="ver">8</span>Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. <span class="ver">9</span>Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work: <span class="ver">10</span>BM
ut the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates: <span class="ver">11</span>For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upoM
n the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee. <span class="ver">13</span>Thou shalt not kill. <span class="ver">14</span>Thou shalt not commit adultery. <span class="ver">15</span>Thou shalt not steal. <span class="ver">16</span>Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour. <span class="ver">17</span>Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour
s house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour
s wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour
p><span class="ver">18</span>And all the people saw the thunderings, and the lightnings, and the noise of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking: and when the people saw it, they removed, and stood afar off. <span class="ver">19</span>And they said unto Moses, Speak thou with us, and we will hear: but let not God speak with us, lest we die. <span class="ver">20</span>And Moses said unto the people, Fear not: for God is come to prove you, and that his fear may be before your faces, that ye sin not. <span class="ver">M
21</span>And the people stood afar off, and Moses drew near unto the thick darkness where God was. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Thus thou shalt say unto the children of Israel, Ye have seen that I have talked with you from heaven. <span class="ver">23</span>Ye shall not make with me gods of silver, neither shall ye make unto you gods of gold. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>An altar of earth thou shalt make unto me, and shalt sacrifice thereon thy burnt offerings, and thy M
peace offerings, thy sheep, and thine oxen: in all places where I record my name I will come unto thee, and I will bless thee. <span class="ver">25</span>And if thou wilt make me an altar of stone, thou shalt not build it of hewn stone: for if thou lift up thy tool upon it, thou hast polluted it. <span class="ver">26</span>Neither shalt thou go up by steps unto mine altar, that thy nakedness be not discovered thereon.
<h2 id="c21">Chapter 21</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now these are the judgments which M
thou shalt set before them. <span class="ver">2</span>If thou buy an Hebrew servant, six years he shall serve: and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing. <span class="ver">3</span>If he came in by himself, he shall go out by himself: if he were married, then his wife shall go out with him. <span class="ver">4</span>If his master have given him a wife, and she have born him sons or daughters; the wife and her children shall be her master
s, and he shall go out by himself. <span class="ver">5</span>And ifM
the servant shall plainly say, I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free: <span class="ver">6</span>Then his master shall bring him unto the judges; he shall also bring him to the door, or unto the door post; and his master shall bore his ear through with an aul; and he shall serve him for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And if a man sell his daughter to be a maidservant, she shall not go out as the menservants do. <span class="ver">8</span>If she please not her master, who hath M
betrothed her to himself, then shall he let her be redeemed: to sell her unto a strange nation he shall have no power, seeing he hath dealt deceitfully with her. <span class="ver">9</span>And if he have betrothed her unto his son, he shall deal with her after the manner of daughters. <span class="ver">10</span>If he take him another wife; her food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage, shall he not diminish. <span class="ver">11</span>And if he do not these three unto her, then shall she go out free without money.M
<p><span class="ver">12</span>He that smiteth a man, so that he die, shall be surely put to death. <span class="ver">13</span>And if a man lie not in wait, but God deliver him into his hand; then I will appoint thee a place whither he shall flee. <span class="ver">14</span>But if a man come presumptuously upon his neighbour, to slay him with guile; thou shalt take him from mine altar, that he may die. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And he that smiteth his father, or his mother, shall be surely put to M
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And he that stealeth a man, and selleth him, or if he be found in his hand, he shall surely be put to death. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And he that curseth his father, or his mother, shall surely be put to death. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And if men strive together, and one smite another with a stone, or with his fist, and he die not, but keepeth his bed: <span class="ver">19</span>If he rise again, and walk abroad upon his staff, then shall he that sM
mote him be quit: only he shall pay for the loss of his time, and shall cause him to be thoroughly healed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And if a man smite his servant, or his maid, with a rod, and he die under his hand; he shall be surely punished. <span class="ver">21</span>Notwithstanding, if he continue a day or two, he shall not be punished: for he is his money. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>If men strive, and hurt a woman with child, so that her fruit depart from her, and yet no mischief follow:M
he shall be surely punished, according as the woman
s husband will lay upon him; and he shall pay as the judges determine. <span class="ver">23</span>And if any mischief follow, then thou shalt give life for life, <span class="ver">24</span>Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, <span class="ver">25</span>Burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>And if a man smite the eye of his servant, or the eye of his maid, that it perish; he shall letM
him go free for his eye
s sake. <span class="ver">27</span>And if he smite out his manservant
s tooth, or his maidservant
s tooth; he shall let him go free for his tooth
<p><span class="ver">28</span>If an ox gore a man or a woman, that they die: then the ox shall be surely stoned, and his flesh shall not be eaten; but the owner of the ox shall be quit. <span class="ver">29</span>But if the ox were wont to push with his horn in time past, and it hath been testified to his owner, and he hath M
not kept him in, but that he hath killed a man or a woman; the ox shall be stoned, and his owner also shall be put to death. <span class="ver">30</span>If there be laid on him a sum of money, then he shall give for the ransom of his life whatsoever is laid upon him. <span class="ver">31</span>Whether he have gored a son, or have gored a daughter, according to this judgment shall it be done unto him. <span class="ver">32</span>If the ox shall push a manservant or a maidservant; he shall give unto their master thirtyM
shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>And if a man shall open a pit, or if a man shall dig a pit, and not cover it, and an ox or an ass fall therein; <span class="ver">34</span>The owner of the pit shall make it good, and give money unto the owner of them; and the dead beast shall be his. </p>
<p><span class="ver">35</span>And if one man
s, that he die; then they shall sell the live ox, and divide the money of it; and the dead ox also they shallM
divide. <span class="ver">36</span>Or if it be known that the ox hath used to push in time past, and his owner hath not kept him in; he shall surely pay ox for ox; and the dead shall be his own.
<h2 id="c22">Chapter 22</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>If a man shall steal an ox, or a sheep, and kill it, or sell it; he shall restore five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>If a thief be found breaking up, and be smitten that he die, there shall no blood be shed forM
him. <span class="ver">3</span>If the sun be risen upon him, there shall be blood shed for him; for he should make full restitution; if he have nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft. <span class="ver">4</span>If the theft be certainly found in his hand alive, whether it be ox, or ass, or sheep; he shall restore double. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>If a man shall cause a field or vineyard to be eaten, and shall put in his beast, and shall feed in another man
s field; of the best of his own field, anM
d of the best of his own vineyard, shall he make restitution. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>If fire break out, and catch in thorns, so that the stacks of corn, or the standing corn, or the field, be consumed therewith; he that kindled the fire shall surely make restitution. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>If a man shall deliver unto his neighbour money or stuff to keep, and it be stolen out of the man
s house; if the thief be found, let him pay double. <span class="ver">8</span>If the thief be not foundM
, then the master of the house shall be brought unto the judges, to see whether he have put his hand unto his neighbour
s goods. <span class="ver">9</span>For all manner of trespass, whether it be for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, or for any manner of lost thing, which another challengeth to be his, the cause of both parties shall come before the judges; and whom the judges shall condemn, he shall pay double unto his neighbour. <span class="ver">10</span>If a man deliver unto his neighbour an ass, or an oxM
, or a sheep, or any beast, to keep; and it die, or be hurt, or driven away, no man seeing it: <span class="ver">11</span>Then shall an oath of the LORD be between them both, that he hath not put his hand unto his neighbour
s goods; and the owner of it shall accept thereof, and he shall not make it good. <span class="ver">12</span>And if it be stolen from him, he shall make restitution unto the owner thereof. <span class="ver">13</span>If it be torn in pieces, then let him bring it for witness, and he shall not mM
ake good that which was torn. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And if a man borrow ought of his neighbour, and it be hurt, or die, the owner thereof being not with it, he shall surely make it good. <span class="ver">15</span>But if the owner thereof be with it, he shall not make it good: if it be an hired thing, it came for his hire. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And if a man entice a maid that is not betrothed, and lie with her, he shall surely endow her to be his wife. <span class="ver">17</span>If herM
father utterly refuse to give her unto him, he shall pay money according to the dowry of virgins. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Whosoever lieth with a beast shall surely be put to death. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>He that sacrificeth unto any god, save unto the LORD only, he shall be utterly destroyed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Thou shalt neither vex a stranger, nor oppress him: for ye were strangers in the landM
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child. <span class="ver">23</span>If thou afflict them in any wise, and they cry at all unto me, I will surely hear their cry; <span class="ver">24</span>And my wrath shall wax hot, and I will kill you with the sword; and your wives shall be widows, and your children fatherless. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>If thou lend money to any of my people that is poor by thee, thou shalt not be to him as an usurer, neither sM
halt thou lay upon him usury. <span class="ver">26</span>If thou at all take thy neighbour
s raiment to pledge, thou shalt deliver it unto him by that the sun goeth down: <span class="ver">27</span>For that is his covering only, it is his raiment for his skin: wherein shall he sleep? and it shall come to pass, when he crieth unto me, that I will hear; for I am gracious. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>Thou shalt not revile the gods, nor curse the ruler of thy people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>ThouM
shalt not delay to offer the first of thy ripe fruits, and of thy liquors: the firstborn of thy sons shalt thou give unto me. <span class="ver">30</span>Likewise shalt thou do with thine oxen, and with thy sheep: seven days it shall be with his dam; on the eighth day thou shalt give it me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>And ye shall be holy men unto me: neither shall ye eat any flesh that is torn of beasts in the field; ye shall cast it to the dogs.
<h2 id="c23">Chapter 23</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</M
span>Thou shalt not raise a false report: put not thine hand with the wicked to be an unrighteous witness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Thou shalt not follow a multitude to do evil; neither shalt thou speak in a cause to decline after many to wrest judgment: </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Neither shalt thou countenance a poor man in his cause. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>If thou meet thine enemy
s ox or his ass going astray, thou shalt surely bring it back to him again. <span class="ver">5</spM
an>If thou see the ass of him that hateth thee lying under his burden, and wouldest forbear to help him, thou shalt surely help with him. <span class="ver">6</span>Thou shalt not wrest the judgment of thy poor in his cause. <span class="ver">7</span>Keep thee far from a false matter; and the innocent and righteous slay thou not: for I will not justify the wicked. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And thou shalt take no gift: for the gift blindeth the wise, and perverteth the words of the righteous. </p>
n class="ver">9</span>Also thou shalt not oppress a stranger: for ye know the heart of a stranger, seeing ye were strangers in the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">10</span>And six years thou shalt sow thy land, and shalt gather in the fruits thereof: <span class="ver">11</span>But the seventh year thou shalt let it rest and lie still; that the poor of thy people may eat: and what they leave the beasts of the field shall eat. In like manner thou shalt deal with thy vineyard, and with thy oliveyard. <span class="verM
">12</span>Six days thou shalt do thy work, and on the seventh day thou shalt rest: that thine ox and thine ass may rest, and the son of thy handmaid, and the stranger, may be refreshed. <span class="ver">13</span>And in all things that I have said unto you be circumspect: and make no mention of the name of other gods, neither let it be heard out of thy mouth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Three times thou shalt keep a feast unto me in the year. <span class="ver">15</span>Thou shalt keep the feast of unleaveM
ned bread: (thou shalt eat unleavened bread seven days, as I commanded thee, in the time appointed of the month Abib; for in it thou camest out from Egypt: and none shall appear before me empty:) <span class="ver">16</span>And the feast of harvest, the firstfruits of thy labours, which thou hast sown in the field: and the feast of ingathering, which is in the end of the year, when thou hast gathered in thy labours out of the field. <span class="ver">17</span>Three times in the year all thy males shall appear beforeM
the Lord GOD. <span class="ver">18</span>Thou shalt not offer the blood of my sacrifice with leavened bread; neither shall the fat of my sacrifice remain until the morning. <span class="ver">19</span>The first of the firstfruits of thy land thou shalt bring into the house of the LORD thy God. Thou shalt not seethe a kid in his mother
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Behold, I send an Angel before thee, to keep thee in the way, and to bring thee into the place which I have prepared. <span class="ver">M
21</span>Beware of him, and obey his voice, provoke him not; for he will not pardon your transgressions: for my name is in him. <span class="ver">22</span>But if thou shalt indeed obey his voice, and do all that I speak; then I will be an enemy unto thine enemies, and an adversary unto thine adversaries. <span class="ver">23</span>For mine Angel shall go before thee, and bring thee in unto the Amorites, and the Hittites, and the Perizzites, and the Canaanites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites: and I will cut them offM
. <span class="ver">24</span>Thou shalt not bow down to their gods, nor serve them, nor do after their works: but thou shalt utterly overthrow them, and quite break down their images. <span class="ver">25</span>And ye shall serve the LORD your God, and he shall bless thy bread, and thy water; and I will take sickness away from the midst of thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>There shall nothing cast their young, nor be barren, in thy land: the number of thy days I will fulfil. <span class="ver">27</span>I wiM
ll send my fear before thee, and will destroy all the people to whom thou shalt come, and I will make all thine enemies turn their backs unto thee. <span class="ver">28</span>And I will send hornets before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee. <span class="ver">29</span>I will not drive them out from before thee in one year; lest the land become desolate, and the beast of the field multiply against thee. <span class="ver">30</span>By little and little I will driveM
them out from before thee, until thou be increased, and inherit the land. <span class="ver">31</span>And I will set thy bounds from the Red sea even unto the sea of the Philistines, and from the desert unto the river: for I will deliver the inhabitants of the land into your hand; and thou shalt drive them out before thee. <span class="ver">32</span>Thou shalt make no covenant with them, nor with their gods. <span class="ver">33</span>They shall not dwell in thy land, lest they make thee sin against me: for if thouM
serve their gods, it will surely be a snare unto thee.
<h2 id="c24">Chapter 24</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And he said unto Moses, Come up unto the LORD, thou, and Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel; and worship ye afar off. <span class="ver">2</span>And Moses alone shall come near the LORD: but they shall not come nigh; neither shall the people go up with him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And Moses came and told the people all the words of the LORD, and all the judgmenM
ts: and all the people answered with one voice, and said, All the words which the LORD hath said will we do. <span class="ver">4</span>And Moses wrote all the words of the LORD, and rose up early in the morning, and builded an altar under the hill, and twelve pillars, according to the twelve tribes of Israel. <span class="ver">5</span>And he sent young men of the children of Israel, which offered burnt offerings, and sacrificed peace offerings of oxen unto the LORD. <span class="ver">6</span>And Moses took half of M
the blood, and put it in basons; and half of the blood he sprinkled on the altar. <span class="ver">7</span>And he took the book of the covenant, and read in the audience of the people: and they said, All that the LORD hath said will we do, and be obedient. <span class="ver">8</span>And Moses took the blood, and sprinkled it on the people, and said, Behold the blood of the covenant, which the LORD hath made with you concerning all these words. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Then went up Moses, and Aaron, NadabM
, and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel: <span class="ver">10</span>And they saw the God of Israel: and there was under his feet as it were a paved work of a sapphire stone, and as it were the body of heaven in his clearness. <span class="ver">11</span>And upon the nobles of the children of Israel he laid not his hand: also they saw God, and did eat and drink. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Come up to me into the mount, and be there: and I will give thee tables of stone,M
and a law, and commandments which I have written; that thou mayest teach them. <span class="ver">13</span>And Moses rose up, and his minister Joshua: and Moses went up into the mount of God. <span class="ver">14</span>And he said unto the elders, Tarry ye here for us, until we come again unto you: and, behold, Aaron and Hur are with you: if any man have any matters to do, let him come unto them. <span class="ver">15</span>And Moses went up into the mount, and a cloud covered the mount. <span class="ver">16</span>AM
nd the glory of the LORD abode upon mount Sinai, and the cloud covered it six days: and the seventh day he called unto Moses out of the midst of the cloud. <span class="ver">17</span>And the sight of the glory of the LORD was like devouring fire on the top of the mount in the eyes of the children of Israel. <span class="ver">18</span>And Moses went into the midst of the cloud, and gat him up into the mount: and Moses was in the mount forty days and forty nights.
<h2 id="c25">Chapter 25</h2>
<p><span class="veM
r">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Speak unto the children of Israel, that they bring me an offering: of every man that giveth it willingly with his heart ye shall take my offering. <span class="ver">3</span>And this is the offering which ye shall take of them; gold, and silver, and brass, <span class="ver">4</span>And blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine linen, and goats
hair, <span class="ver">5</span>And rams
skins dyed red, and badgers
skins, and shittim woodM
, <span class="ver">6</span>Oil for the light, spices for anointing oil, and for sweet incense, <span class="ver">7</span>Onyx stones, and stones to be set in the ephod, and in the breastplate. <span class="ver">8</span>And let them make me a sanctuary; that I may dwell among them. <span class="ver">9</span>According to all that I shew thee, after the pattern of the tabernacle, and the pattern of all the instruments thereof, even so shall ye make it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And they shall make an ark oM
f shittim wood: two cubits and a half shall be the length thereof, and a cubit and a half the breadth thereof, and a cubit and a half the height thereof. <span class="ver">11</span>And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, within and without shalt thou overlay it, and shalt make upon it a crown of gold round about. <span class="ver">12</span>And thou shalt cast four rings of gold for it, and put them in the four corners thereof; and two rings shall be in the one side of it, and two rings in the other side of it. <sM
pan class="ver">13</span>And thou shalt make staves of shittim wood, and overlay them with gold. <span class="ver">14</span>And thou shalt put the staves into the rings by the sides of the ark, that the ark may be borne with them. <span class="ver">15</span>The staves shall be in the rings of the ark: they shall not be taken from it. <span class="ver">16</span>And thou shalt put into the ark the testimony which I shall give thee. <span class="ver">17</span>And thou shalt make a mercy seat of pure gold: two cubits aM
nd a half shall be the length thereof, and a cubit and a half the breadth thereof. <span class="ver">18</span>And thou shalt make two cherubims of gold, of beaten work shalt thou make them, in the two ends of the mercy seat. <span class="ver">19</span>And make one cherub on the one end, and the other cherub on the other end: even of the mercy seat shall ye make the cherubims on the two ends thereof. <span class="ver">20</span>And the cherubims shall stretch forth their wings on high, covering the mercy seat with thM
eir wings, and their faces shall look one to another; toward the mercy seat shall the faces of the cherubims be. <span class="ver">21</span>And thou shalt put the mercy seat above upon the ark; and in the ark thou shalt put the testimony that I shall give thee. <span class="ver">22</span>And there I will meet with thee, and I will commune with thee from above the mercy seat, from between the two cherubims which are upon the ark of the testimony, of all things which I will give thee in commandment unto the children M
<p><span class="ver">23</span>Thou shalt also make a table of shittim wood: two cubits shall be the length thereof, and a cubit the breadth thereof, and a cubit and a half the height thereof. <span class="ver">24</span>And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, and make thereto a crown of gold round about. <span class="ver">25</span>And thou shalt make unto it a border of an hand breadth round about, and thou shalt make a golden crown to the border thereof round about. <span class="ver">26</span>AnM
d thou shalt make for it four rings of gold, and put the rings in the four corners that are on the four feet thereof. <span class="ver">27</span>Over against the border shall the rings be for places of the staves to bear the table. <span class="ver">28</span>And thou shalt make the staves of shittim wood, and overlay them with gold, that the table may be borne with them. <span class="ver">29</span>And thou shalt make the dishes thereof, and spoons thereof, and covers thereof, and bowls thereof, to cover withal: of M
pure gold shalt thou make them. <span class="ver">30</span>And thou shalt set upon the table shewbread before me alway. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>And thou shalt make a candlestick of pure gold: of beaten work shall the candlestick be made: his shaft, and his branches, his bowls, his knops, and his flowers, shall be of the same. <span class="ver">32</span>And six branches shall come out of the sides of it; three branches of the candlestick out of the one side, and three branches of the candlestick out of M
the other side: <span class="ver">33</span>Three bowls made like unto almonds, with a knop and a flower in one branch; and three bowls made like almonds in the other branch, with a knop and a flower: so in the six branches that come out of the candlestick. <span class="ver">34</span>And in the candlestick shall be four bowls made like unto almonds, with their knops and their flowers. <span class="ver">35</span>And there shall be a knop under two branches of the same, and a knop under two branches of the same, and aM
knop under two branches of the same, according to the six branches that proceed out of the candlestick. <span class="ver">36</span>Their knops and their branches shall be of the same: all it shall be one beaten work of pure gold. <span class="ver">37</span>And thou shalt make the seven lamps thereof: and they shall light the lamps thereof, that they may give light over against it. <span class="ver">38</span>And the tongs thereof, and the snuffdishes thereof, shall be of pure gold. <span class="ver">39</span>Of a tM
alent of pure gold shall he make it, with all these vessels. <span class="ver">40</span>And look that thou make them after their pattern, which was shewed thee in the mount.
<h2 id="c26">Chapter 26</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Moreover thou shalt make the tabernacle with ten curtains of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet: with cherubims of cunning work shalt thou make them. <span class="ver">2</span>The length of one curtain shall be eight and twenty cubits, and the breadth of one curtaM
in four cubits: and every one of the curtains shall have one measure. <span class="ver">3</span>The five curtains shall be coupled together one to another; and other five curtains shall be coupled one to another. <span class="ver">4</span>And thou shalt make loops of blue upon the edge of the one curtain from the selvedge in the coupling; and likewise shalt thou make in the uttermost edge of another curtain, in the coupling of the second. <span class="ver">5</span>Fifty loops shalt thou make in the one curtain, andM
fifty loops shalt thou make in the edge of the curtain that is in the coupling of the second; that the loops may take hold one of another. <span class="ver">6</span>And thou shalt make fifty taches of gold, and couple the curtains together with the taches: and it shall be one tabernacle. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And thou shalt make curtains of goats
hair to be a covering upon the tabernacle: eleven curtains shalt thou make. <span class="ver">8</span>The length of one curtain shall be thirty cubits, aM
nd the breadth of one curtain four cubits: and the eleven curtains shall be all of one measure. <span class="ver">9</span>And thou shalt couple five curtains by themselves, and six curtains by themselves, and shalt double the sixth curtain in the forefront of the tabernacle. <span class="ver">10</span>And thou shalt make fifty loops on the edge of the one curtain that is outmost in the coupling, and fifty loops in the edge of the curtain which coupleth the second. <span class="ver">11</span>And thou shalt make fiftM
y taches of brass, and put the taches into the loops, and couple the tent together, that it may be one. <span class="ver">12</span>And the remnant that remaineth of the curtains of the tent, the half curtain that remaineth, shall hang over the backside of the tabernacle. <span class="ver">13</span>And a cubit on the one side, and a cubit on the other side of that which remaineth in the length of the curtains of the tent, it shall hang over the sides of the tabernacle on this side and on that side, to cover it. <spaM
n class="ver">14</span>And thou shalt make a covering for the tent of rams
skins dyed red, and a covering above of badgers
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And thou shalt make boards for the tabernacle of shittim wood standing up. <span class="ver">16</span>Ten cubits shall be the length of a board, and a cubit and a half shall be the breadth of one board. <span class="ver">17</span>Two tenons shall there be in one board, set in order one against another: thus shalt thou make for all the boards of M
the tabernacle. <span class="ver">18</span>And thou shalt make the boards for the tabernacle, twenty boards on the south side southward. <span class="ver">19</span>And thou shalt make forty sockets of silver under the twenty boards; two sockets under one board for his two tenons, and two sockets under another board for his two tenons. <span class="ver">20</span>And for the second side of the tabernacle on the north side there shall be twenty boards: <span class="ver">21</span>And their forty sockets of silver; two M
sockets under one board, and two sockets under another board. <span class="ver">22</span>And for the sides of the tabernacle westward thou shalt make six boards. <span class="ver">23</span>And two boards shalt thou make for the corners of the tabernacle in the two sides. <span class="ver">24</span>And they shall be coupled together beneath, and they shall be coupled together above the head of it unto one ring: thus shall it be for them both; they shall be for the two corners. <span class="ver">25</span>And they shaM
ll be eight boards, and their sockets of silver, sixteen sockets; two sockets under one board, and two sockets under another board. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>And thou shalt make bars of shittim wood; five for the boards of the one side of the tabernacle, <span class="ver">27</span>And five bars for the boards of the other side of the tabernacle, and five bars for the boards of the side of the tabernacle, for the two sides westward. <span class="ver">28</span>And the middle bar in the midst of the boards M
shall reach from end to end. <span class="ver">29</span>And thou shalt overlay the boards with gold, and make their rings of gold for places for the bars: and thou shalt overlay the bars with gold. <span class="ver">30</span>And thou shalt rear up the tabernacle according to the fashion thereof which was shewed thee in the mount. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>And thou shalt make a vail of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen of cunning work: with cherubims shall it be made: <span class="ver">M
32</span>And thou shalt hang it upon four pillars of shittim wood overlaid with gold: their hooks shall be of gold, upon the four sockets of silver. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>And thou shalt hang up the vail under the taches, that thou mayest bring in thither within the vail the ark of the testimony: and the vail shall divide unto you between the holy place and the most holy. <span class="ver">34</span>And thou shalt put the mercy seat upon the ark of the testimony in the most holy place. <span class="verM
">35</span>And thou shalt set the table without the vail, and the candlestick over against the table on the side of the tabernacle toward the south: and thou shalt put the table on the north side. <span class="ver">36</span>And thou shalt make an hanging for the door of the tent, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, wrought with needlework. <span class="ver">37</span>And thou shalt make for the hanging five pillars of shittim wood, and overlay them with gold, and their hooks shall be of gold: anM
d thou shalt cast five sockets of brass for them.
<h2 id="c27">Chapter 27</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And thou shalt make an altar of shittim wood, five cubits long, and five cubits broad; the altar shall be foursquare: and the height thereof shall be three cubits. <span class="ver">2</span>And thou shalt make the horns of it upon the four corners thereof: his horns shall be of the same: and thou shalt overlay it with brass. <span class="ver">3</span>And thou shalt make his pans to receive his ashes, anM
d his shovels, and his basons, and his fleshhooks, and his firepans: all the vessels thereof thou shalt make of brass. <span class="ver">4</span>And thou shalt make for it a grate of network of brass; and upon the net shalt thou make four brasen rings in the four corners thereof. <span class="ver">5</span>And thou shalt put it under the compass of the altar beneath, that the net may be even to the midst of the altar. <span class="ver">6</span>And thou shalt make staves for the altar, staves of shittim wood, and oveM
rlay them with brass. <span class="ver">7</span>And the staves shall be put into the rings, and the staves shall be upon the two sides of the altar, to bear it. <span class="ver">8</span>Hollow with boards shalt thou make it: as it was shewed thee in the mount, so shall they make it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And thou shalt make the court of the tabernacle: for the south side southward there shall be hangings for the court of fine twined linen of an hundred cubits long for one side: <span class="ver">10</M
span>And the twenty pillars thereof and their twenty sockets shall be of brass; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets shall be of silver. <span class="ver">11</span>And likewise for the north side in length there shall be hangings of an hundred cubits long, and his twenty pillars and their twenty sockets of brass; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets of silver. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And for the breadth of the court on the west side shall be hangings of fifty cubits: their pillars ten, and M
their sockets ten. <span class="ver">13</span>And the breadth of the court on the east side eastward shall be fifty cubits. <span class="ver">14</span>The hangings of one side of the gate shall be fifteen cubits: their pillars three, and their sockets three. <span class="ver">15</span>And on the other side shall be hangings fifteen cubits: their pillars three, and their sockets three. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And for the gate of the court shall be an hanging of twenty cubits, of blue, and purple, and scM
arlet, and fine twined linen, wrought with needlework: and their pillars shall be four, and their sockets four. <span class="ver">17</span>All the pillars round about the court shall be filleted with silver; their hooks shall be of silver, and their sockets of brass. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>The length of the court shall be an hundred cubits, and the breadth fifty every where, and the height five cubits of fine twined linen, and their sockets of brass. <span class="ver">19</span>All the vessels of the tM
abernacle in all the service thereof, and all the pins thereof, and all the pins of the court, shall be of brass. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And thou shalt command the children of Israel, that they bring thee pure oil olive beaten for the light, to cause the lamp to burn always. <span class="ver">21</span>In the tabernacle of the congregation without the vail, which is before the testimony, Aaron and his sons shall order it from evening to morning before the LORD: it shall be a statute for ever unto theirM
generations on the behalf of the children of Israel.
<h2 id="c28">Chapter 28</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And take thou unto thee Aaron thy brother, and his sons with him, from among the children of Israel, that he may minister unto me in the priest
s office, even Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron
s sons. <span class="ver">2</span>And thou shalt make holy garments for Aaron thy brother for glory and for beauty. <span class="ver">3</span>And thou shalt speak unto all that are wise heM
arted, whom I have filled with the spirit of wisdom, that they may make Aaron
s garments to consecrate him, that he may minister unto me in the priest
s office. <span class="ver">4</span>And these are the garments which they shall make; a breastplate, and an ephod, and a robe, and a broidered coat, a mitre, and a girdle: and they shall make holy garments for Aaron thy brother, and his sons, that he may minister unto me in the priest
s office. <span class="ver">5</span>And they shall take gold, and blue, and pM
urple, and scarlet, and fine linen. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And they shall make the ephod of gold, of blue, and of purple, of scarlet, and fine twined linen, with cunning work. <span class="ver">7</span>It shall have the two shoulderpieces thereof joined at the two edges thereof; and so it shall be joined together. <span class="ver">8</span>And the curious girdle of the ephod, which is upon it, shall be of the same, according to the work thereof; even of gold, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine M
twined linen. <span class="ver">9</span>And thou shalt take two onyx stones, and grave on them the names of the children of Israel: <span class="ver">10</span>Six of their names on one stone, and the other six names of the rest on the other stone, according to their birth. <span class="ver">11</span>With the work of an engraver in stone, like the engravings of a signet, shalt thou engrave the two stones with the names of the children of Israel: thou shalt make them to be set in ouches of gold. <span class="ver">12<M
/span>And thou shalt put the two stones upon the shoulders of the ephod for stones of memorial unto the children of Israel: and Aaron shall bear their names before the LORD upon his two shoulders for a memorial. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And thou shalt make ouches of gold; <span class="ver">14</span>And two chains of pure gold at the ends; of wreathen work shalt thou make them, and fasten the wreathen chains to the ouches. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And thou shalt make the breastplate of judgmeM
nt with cunning work; after the work of the ephod thou shalt make it; of gold, of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, and of fine twined linen, shalt thou make it. <span class="ver">16</span>Foursquare it shall be being doubled; a span shall be the length thereof, and a span shall be the breadth thereof. <span class="ver">17</span>And thou shalt set in it settings of stones, even four rows of stones: the first row shall be a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this shall be the first row. <span class="ver">18</spanM
>And the second row shall be an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond. <span class="ver">19</span>And the third row a ligure, an agate, and an amethyst. <span class="ver">20</span>And the fourth row a beryl, and an onyx, and a jasper: they shall be set in gold in their inclosings. <span class="ver">21</span>And the stones shall be with the names of the children of Israel, twelve, according to their names, like the engravings of a signet; every one with his name shall they be according to the twelve tribes. </p>
span class="ver">22</span>And thou shalt make upon the breastplate chains at the ends of wreathen work of pure gold. <span class="ver">23</span>And thou shalt make upon the breastplate two rings of gold, and shalt put the two rings on the two ends of the breastplate. <span class="ver">24</span>And thou shalt put the two wreathen chains of gold in the two rings which are on the ends of the breastplate. <span class="ver">25</span>And the other two ends of the two wreathen chains thou shalt fasten in the two ouches, aM
nd put them on the shoulderpieces of the ephod before it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>And thou shalt make two rings of gold, and thou shalt put them upon the two ends of the breastplate in the border thereof, which is in the side of the ephod inward. <span class="ver">27</span>And two other rings of gold thou shalt make, and shalt put them on the two sides of the ephod underneath, toward the forepart thereof, over against the other coupling thereof, above the curious girdle of the ephod. <span class="ver">M
28</span>And they shall bind the breastplate by the rings thereof unto the rings of the ephod with a lace of blue, that it may be above the curious girdle of the ephod, and that the breastplate be not loosed from the ephod. <span class="ver">29</span>And Aaron shall bear the names of the children of Israel in the breastplate of judgment upon his heart, when he goeth in unto the holy place, for a memorial before the LORD continually. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>And thou shalt put in the breastplate of judgmM
ent the Urim and the Thummim; and they shall be upon Aaron
s heart, when he goeth in before the LORD: and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the children of Israel upon his heart before the LORD continually. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>And thou shalt make the robe of the ephod all of blue. <span class="ver">32</span>And there shall be an hole in the top of it, in the midst thereof: it shall have a binding of woven work round about the hole of it, as it were the hole of an habergeon, that it be not rent. </M
<p><span class="ver">33</span>And beneath upon the hem of it thou shalt make pomegranates of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, round about the hem thereof; and bells of gold between them round about: <span class="ver">34</span>A golden bell and a pomegranate, a golden bell and a pomegranate, upon the hem of the robe round about. <span class="ver">35</span>And it shall be upon Aaron to minister: and his sound shall be heard when he goeth in unto the holy place before the LORD, and when he cometh out, that heM
<p><span class="ver">36</span>And thou shalt make a plate of pure gold, and grave upon it, like the engravings of a signet, HOLINESS TO THE LORD. <span class="ver">37</span>And thou shalt put it on a blue lace, that it may be upon the mitre; upon the forefront of the mitre it shall be. <span class="ver">38</span>And it shall be upon Aaron
s forehead, that Aaron may bear the iniquity of the holy things, which the children of Israel shall hallow in all their holy gifts; and it shall be always upon M
his forehead, that they may be accepted before the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">39</span>And thou shalt embroider the coat of fine linen, and thou shalt make the mitre of fine linen, and thou shalt make the girdle of needlework. </p>
<p><span class="ver">40</span>And for Aaron
s sons thou shalt make coats, and thou shalt make for them girdles, and bonnets shalt thou make for them, for glory and for beauty. <span class="ver">41</span>And thou shalt put them upon Aaron thy brother, and his sons with him; andM
shalt anoint them, and consecrate them, and sanctify them, that they may minister unto me in the priest
s office. <span class="ver">42</span>And thou shalt make them linen breeches to cover their nakedness; from the loins even unto the thighs they shall reach: <span class="ver">43</span>And they shall be upon Aaron, and upon his sons, when they come in unto the tabernacle of the congregation, or when they come near unto the altar to minister in the holy place; that they bear not iniquity, and die: it shall be a M
statute for ever unto him and his seed after him.
<h2 id="c29">Chapter 29</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And this is the thing that thou shalt do unto them to hallow them, to minister unto me in the priest
s office: Take one young bullock, and two rams without blemish, <span class="ver">2</span>And unleavened bread, and cakes unleavened tempered with oil, and wafers unleavened anointed with oil: of wheaten flour shalt thou make them. <span class="ver">3</span>And thou shalt put them into one basket, and M
bring them in the basket, with the bullock and the two rams. <span class="ver">4</span>And Aaron and his sons thou shalt bring unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and shalt wash them with water. <span class="ver">5</span>And thou shalt take the garments, and put upon Aaron the coat, and the robe of the ephod, and the ephod, and the breastplate, and gird him with the curious girdle of the ephod: <span class="ver">6</span>And thou shalt put the mitre upon his head, and put the holy crown upon the mitM
re. <span class="ver">7</span>Then shalt thou take the anointing oil, and pour it upon his head, and anoint him. <span class="ver">8</span>And thou shalt bring his sons, and put coats upon them. <span class="ver">9</span>And thou shalt gird them with girdles, Aaron and his sons, and put the bonnets on them: and the priest
s office shall be theirs for a perpetual statute: and thou shalt consecrate Aaron and his sons. <span class="ver">10</span>And thou shalt cause a bullock to be brought before the tabernacle of tM
he congregation: and Aaron and his sons shall put their hands upon the head of the bullock. <span class="ver">11</span>And thou shalt kill the bullock before the LORD, by the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. <span class="ver">12</span>And thou shalt take of the blood of the bullock, and put it upon the horns of the altar with thy finger, and pour all the blood beside the bottom of the altar. <span class="ver">13</span>And thou shalt take all the fat that covereth the inwards, and the caul that is above tM
he liver, and the two kidneys, and the fat that is upon them, and burn them upon the altar. <span class="ver">14</span>But the flesh of the bullock, and his skin, and his dung, shalt thou burn with fire without the camp: it is a sin offering. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Thou shalt also take one ram; and Aaron and his sons shall put their hands upon the head of the ram. <span class="ver">16</span>And thou shalt slay the ram, and thou shalt take his blood, and sprinkle it round about upon the altar. <span clM
ass="ver">17</span>And thou shalt cut the ram in pieces, and wash the inwards of him, and his legs, and put them unto his pieces, and unto his head. <span class="ver">18</span>And thou shalt burn the whole ram upon the altar: it is a burnt offering unto the LORD: it is a sweet savour, an offering made by fire unto the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And thou shalt take the other ram; and Aaron and his sons shall put their hands upon the head of the ram. <span class="ver">20</span>Then shalt thou kill theM
ram, and take of his blood, and put it upon the tip of the right ear of Aaron, and upon the tip of the right ear of his sons, and upon the thumb of their right hand, and upon the great toe of their right foot, and sprinkle the blood upon the altar round about. <span class="ver">21</span>And thou shalt take of the blood that is upon the altar, and of the anointing oil, and sprinkle it upon Aaron, and upon his garments, and upon his sons, and upon the garments of his sons with him: and he shall be hallowed, and his M
garments, and his sons, and his sons
garments with him. <span class="ver">22</span>Also thou shalt take of the ram the fat and the rump, and the fat that covereth the inwards, and the caul above the liver, and the two kidneys, and the fat that is upon them, and the right shoulder; for it is a ram of consecration: <span class="ver">23</span>And one loaf of bread, and one cake of oiled bread, and one wafer out of the basket of the unleavened bread that is before the LORD: <span class="ver">24</span>And thou shalt M
put all in the hands of Aaron, and in the hands of his sons; and shalt wave them for a wave offering before the LORD. <span class="ver">25</span>And thou shalt receive them of their hands, and burn them upon the altar for a burnt offering, for a sweet savour before the LORD: it is an offering made by fire unto the LORD. <span class="ver">26</span>And thou shalt take the breast of the ram of Aaron
s consecration, and wave it for a wave offering before the LORD: and it shall be thy part. <span class="ver">27</span>M
And thou shalt sanctify the breast of the wave offering, and the shoulder of the heave offering, which is waved, and which is heaved up, of the ram of the consecration, even of that which is for Aaron, and of that which is for his sons: <span class="ver">28</span>And it shall be Aaron
by a statute for ever from the children of Israel: for it is an heave offering: and it shall be an heave offering from the children of Israel of the sacrifice of their peace offerings, even their heave offering untM
<p><span class="ver">29</span>And the holy garments of Aaron shall be his sons
after him, to be anointed therein, and to be consecrated in them. <span class="ver">30</span>And that son that is priest in his stead shall put them on seven days, when he cometh into the tabernacle of the congregation to minister in the holy place. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>And thou shalt take the ram of the consecration, and seethe his flesh in the holy place. <span class="ver">32</span>And Aaron and hiM
s sons shall eat the flesh of the ram, and the bread that is in the basket, by the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. <span class="ver">33</span>And they shall eat those things wherewith the atonement was made, to consecrate and to sanctify them: but a stranger shall not eat thereof, because they are holy. <span class="ver">34</span>And if ought of the flesh of the consecrations, or of the bread, remain unto the morning, then thou shalt burn the remainder with fire: it shall not be eaten, because it is holM
y. <span class="ver">35</span>And thus shalt thou do unto Aaron, and to his sons, according to all things which I have commanded thee: seven days shalt thou consecrate them. <span class="ver">36</span>And thou shalt offer every day a bullock for a sin offering for atonement: and thou shalt cleanse the altar, when thou hast made an atonement for it, and thou shalt anoint it, to sanctify it. <span class="ver">37</span>Seven days thou shalt make an atonement for the altar, and sanctify it; and it shall be an altar mosM
t holy: whatsoever toucheth the altar shall be holy. </p>
<p><span class="ver">38</span>Now this is that which thou shalt offer upon the altar; two lambs of the first year day by day continually. <span class="ver">39</span>The one lamb thou shalt offer in the morning; and the other lamb thou shalt offer at even: <span class="ver">40</span>And with the one lamb a tenth deal of flour mingled with the fourth part of an hin of beaten oil; and the fourth part of an hin of wine for a drink offering. <span class="ver">4M
1</span>And the other lamb thou shalt offer at even, and shalt do thereto according to the meat offering of the morning, and according to the drink offering thereof, for a sweet savour, an offering made by fire unto the LORD. <span class="ver">42</span>This shall be a continual burnt offering throughout your generations at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation before the LORD: where I will meet you, to speak there unto thee. <span class="ver">43</span>And there I will meet with the children of Israel, and M
the tabernacle shall be sanctified by my glory. <span class="ver">44</span>And I will sanctify the tabernacle of the congregation, and the altar: I will sanctify also both Aaron and his sons, to minister to me in the priest
<p><span class="ver">45</span>And I will dwell among the children of Israel, and will be their God. <span class="ver">46</span>And they shall know that I am the LORD their God, that brought them forth out of the land of Egypt, that I may dwell among them: I am the LORD their GM
<h2 id="c30">Chapter 30</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And thou shalt make an altar to burn incense upon: of shittim wood shalt thou make it. <span class="ver">2</span>A cubit shall be the length thereof, and a cubit the breadth thereof; foursquare shall it be: and two cubits shall be the height thereof: the horns thereof shall be of the same. <span class="ver">3</span>And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, the top thereof, and the sides thereof round about, and the horns thereof; and thou shalt makM
e unto it a crown of gold round about. <span class="ver">4</span>And two golden rings shalt thou make to it under the crown of it, by the two corners thereof, upon the two sides of it shalt thou make it; and they shall be for places for the staves to bear it withal. <span class="ver">5</span>And thou shalt make the staves of shittim wood, and overlay them with gold. <span class="ver">6</span>And thou shalt put it before the vail that is by the ark of the testimony, before the mercy seat that is over the testimony, M
where I will meet with thee. <span class="ver">7</span>And Aaron shall burn thereon sweet incense every morning: when he dresseth the lamps, he shall burn incense upon it. <span class="ver">8</span>And when Aaron lighteth the lamps at even, he shall burn incense upon it, a perpetual incense before the LORD throughout your generations. <span class="ver">9</span>Ye shall offer no strange incense thereon, nor burnt sacrifice, nor meat offering; neither shall ye pour drink offering thereon. <span class="ver">10</span>AM
nd Aaron shall make an atonement upon the horns of it once in a year with the blood of the sin offering of atonements: once in the year shall he make atonement upon it throughout your generations: it is most holy unto the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">12</span>When thou takest the sum of the children of Israel after their number, then shall they give every man a ransom for his soul unto the LORD, when thou numberest them; that there be no plague M
among them, when thou numberest them. <span class="ver">13</span>This they shall give, every one that passeth among them that are numbered, half a shekel after the shekel of the sanctuary: (a shekel is twenty gerahs:) an half shekel shall be the offering of the LORD. <span class="ver">14</span>Every one that passeth among them that are numbered, from twenty years old and above, shall give an offering unto the LORD. <span class="ver">15</span>The rich shall not give more, and the poor shall not give less than half aM
shekel, when they give an offering unto the LORD, to make an atonement for your souls. <span class="ver">16</span>And thou shalt take the atonement money of the children of Israel, and shalt appoint it for the service of the tabernacle of the congregation; that it may be a memorial unto the children of Israel before the LORD, to make an atonement for your souls. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">18</span>Thou shalt also make a laver of brass, and his footM
also of brass, to wash withal: and thou shalt put it between the tabernacle of the congregation and the altar, and thou shalt put water therein. <span class="ver">19</span>For Aaron and his sons shall wash their hands and their feet thereat: <span class="ver">20</span>When they go into the tabernacle of the congregation, they shall wash with water, that they die not; or when they come near to the altar to minister, to burn offering made by fire unto the LORD: <span class="ver">21</span>So they shall wash their hanM
ds and their feet, that they die not: and it shall be a statute for ever to them, even to him and to his seed throughout their generations. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Moreover the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">23</span>Take thou also unto thee principal spices, of pure myrrh five hundred shekels, and of sweet cinnamon half so much, even two hundred and fifty shekels, and of sweet calamus two hundred and fifty shekels, <span class="ver">24</span>And of cassia five hundred shekels, after M
the shekel of the sanctuary, and of oil olive an hin: <span class="ver">25</span>And thou shalt make it an oil of holy ointment, an ointment compound after the art of the apothecary: it shall be an holy anointing oil. <span class="ver">26</span>And thou shalt anoint the tabernacle of the congregation therewith, and the ark of the testimony, <span class="ver">27</span>And the table and all his vessels, and the candlestick and his vessels, and the altar of incense, <span class="ver">28</span>And the altar of burnt ofM
fering with all his vessels, and the laver and his foot. <span class="ver">29</span>And thou shalt sanctify them, that they may be most holy: whatsoever toucheth them shall be holy. <span class="ver">30</span>And thou shalt anoint Aaron and his sons, and consecrate them, that they may minister unto me in the priest
s office. <span class="ver">31</span>And thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel, saying, This shall be an holy anointing oil unto me throughout your generations. <span class="ver">32</span>Upon mM
s flesh shall it not be poured, neither shall ye make any other like it, after the composition of it: it is holy, and it shall be holy unto you. <span class="ver">33</span>Whosoever compoundeth any like it, or whosoever putteth any of it upon a stranger, shall even be cut off from his people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">34</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Take unto thee sweet spices, stacte, and onycha, and galbanum; these sweet spices with pure frankincense: of each shall there be a like weight: <span clasM
s="ver">35</span>And thou shalt make it a perfume, a confection after the art of the apothecary, tempered together, pure and holy: <span class="ver">36</span>And thou shalt beat some of it very small, and put of it before the testimony in the tabernacle of the congregation, where I will meet with thee: it shall be unto you most holy. <span class="ver">37</span>And as for the perfume which thou shalt make, ye shall not make to yourselves according to the composition thereof: it shall be unto thee holy for the LORD. M
<span class="ver">38</span>Whosoever shall make like unto that, to smell thereto, shall even be cut off from his people.
<h2 id="c31">Chapter 31</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>See, I have called by name Bezaleel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah: <span class="ver">3</span>And I have filled him with the spirit of God, in wisdom, and in understanding, and in knowledge, and in all manner of workmanship, <span class="ver">4</sM
pan>To devise cunning works, to work in gold, and in silver, and in brass, <span class="ver">5</span>And in cutting of stones, to set them, and in carving of timber, to work in all manner of workmanship. <span class="ver">6</span>And I, behold, I have given with him Aholiab, the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan: and in the hearts of all that are wise hearted I have put wisdom, that they may make all that I have commanded thee; <span class="ver">7</span>The tabernacle of the congregation, and the ark of the tesM
timony, and the mercy seat that is thereupon, and all the furniture of the tabernacle, <span class="ver">8</span>And the table and his furniture, and the pure candlestick with all his furniture, and the altar of incense, <span class="ver">9</span>And the altar of burnt offering with all his furniture, and the laver and his foot, <span class="ver">10</span>And the cloths of service, and the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and the garments of his sons, to minister in the priest
s office, <span class="ver">11</sM
pan>And the anointing oil, and sweet incense for the holy place: according to all that I have commanded thee shall they do. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">13</span>Speak thou also unto the children of Israel, saying, Verily my sabbaths ye shall keep: for it is a sign between me and you throughout your generations; that ye may know that I am the LORD that doth sanctify you. <span class="ver">14</span>Ye shall keep the sabbath therefore; for it is holy unM
to you: every one that defileth it shall surely be put to death: for whosoever doeth any work therein, that soul shall be cut off from among his people. <span class="ver">15</span>Six days may work be done; but in the seventh is the sabbath of rest, holy to the LORD: whosoever doeth any work in the sabbath day, he shall surely be put to death. <span class="ver">16</span>Wherefore the children of Israel shall keep the sabbath, to observe the sabbath throughout their generations, for a perpetual covenant. <span classM
="ver">17</span>It is a sign between me and the children of Israel for ever: for in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, and on the seventh day he rested, and was refreshed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And he gave unto Moses, when he had made an end of communing with him upon mount Sinai, two tables of testimony, tables of stone, written with the finger of God.
<h2 id="c32">Chapter 32</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And when the people saw that Moses delayed to come down out of the mount, the pM
eople gathered themselves together unto Aaron, and said unto him, Up, make us gods, which shall go before us; for as for this Moses, the man that brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we wot not what is become of him. <span class="ver">2</span>And Aaron said unto them, Break off the golden earrings, which are in the ears of your wives, of your sons, and of your daughters, and bring them unto me. <span class="ver">3</span>And all the people brake off the golden earrings which were in their ears, and brought them uM
nto Aaron. <span class="ver">4</span>And he received them at their hand, and fashioned it with a graving tool, after he had made it a molten calf: and they said, These be thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">5</span>And when Aaron saw it, he built an altar before it; and Aaron made proclamation, and said, To morrow is a feast to the LORD. <span class="ver">6</span>And they rose up early on the morrow, and offered burnt offerings, and brought peace offerings; and the M
people sat down to eat and to drink, and rose up to play. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Go, get thee down; for thy people, which thou broughtest out of the land of Egypt, have corrupted themselves: <span class="ver">8</span>They have turned aside quickly out of the way which I commanded them: they have made them a molten calf, and have worshipped it, and have sacrificed thereunto, and said, These be thy gods, O Israel, which have brought thee up out of the land of Egypt. <span clM
ass="ver">9</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, I have seen this people, and, behold, it is a stiffnecked people: <span class="ver">10</span>Now therefore let me alone, that my wrath may wax hot against them, and that I may consume them: and I will make of thee a great nation. <span class="ver">11</span>And Moses besought the LORD his God, and said, LORD, why doth thy wrath wax hot against thy people, which thou hast brought forth out of the land of Egypt with great power, and with a mighty hand? <span class="ver">M
12</span>Wherefore should the Egyptians speak, and say, For mischief did he bring them out, to slay them in the mountains, and to consume them from the face of the earth? Turn from thy fierce wrath, and repent of this evil against thy people. <span class="ver">13</span>Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, thy servants, to whom thou swarest by thine own self, and saidst unto them, I will multiply your seed as the stars of heaven, and all this land that I have spoken of will I give unto your seed, and they shall inheM
rit it for ever. <span class="ver">14</span>And the LORD repented of the evil which he thought to do unto his people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And Moses turned, and went down from the mount, and the two tables of the testimony were in his hand: the tables were written on both their sides; on the one side and on the other were they written. <span class="ver">16</span>And the tables were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, graven upon the tables. <span class="ver">17</span>And when JoM
shua heard the noise of the people as they shouted, he said unto Moses, There is a noise of war in the camp. <span class="ver">18</span>And he said, It is not the voice of them that shout for mastery, neither is it the voice of them that cry for being overcome: but the noise of them that sing do I hear. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And it came to pass, as soon as he came nigh unto the camp, that he saw the calf, and the dancing: and Moses
anger waxed hot, and he cast the tables out of his hands, and brakM
e them beneath the mount. <span class="ver">20</span>And he took the calf which they had made, and burnt it in the fire, and ground it to powder, and strawed it upon the water, and made the children of Israel drink of it. <span class="ver">21</span>And Moses said unto Aaron, What did this people unto thee, that thou hast brought so great a sin upon them? <span class="ver">22</span>And Aaron said, Let not the anger of my lord wax hot: thou knowest the people, that they are set on mischief. <span class="ver">23</spanM
>For they said unto me, Make us gods, which shall go before us: for as for this Moses, the man that brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we wot not what is become of him. <span class="ver">24</span>And I said unto them, Whosoever hath any gold, let them break it off. So they gave it me: then I cast it into the fire, and there came out this calf. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And when Moses saw that the people were naked; (for Aaron had made them naked unto their shame among their enemies:) <span class="veM
r">26</span>Then Moses stood in the gate of the camp, and said, Who is on the LORD
s side? let him come unto me. And all the sons of Levi gathered themselves together unto him. <span class="ver">27</span>And he said unto them, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Put every man his sword by his side, and go in and out from gate to gate throughout the camp, and slay every man his brother, and every man his companion, and every man his neighbour. <span class="ver">28</span>And the children of Levi did according to theM
word of Moses: and there fell of the people that day about three thousand men. <span class="ver">29</span>For Moses had said, Consecrate yourselves to day to the LORD, even every man upon his son, and upon his brother; that he may bestow upon you a blessing this day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>And it came to pass on the morrow, that Moses said unto the people, Ye have sinned a great sin: and now I will go up unto the LORD; peradventure I shall make an atonement for your sin. <span class="ver">31</span>AnM
d Moses returned unto the LORD, and said, Oh, this people have sinned a great sin, and have made them gods of gold. <span class="ver">32</span>Yet now, if thou wilt forgive their sin
; and if not, blot me, I pray thee, out of thy book which thou hast written. <span class="ver">33</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Whosoever hath sinned against me, him will I blot out of my book. <span class="ver">34</span>Therefore now go, lead the people unto the place of which I have spoken unto thee: behold, mine Angel shall M
go before thee: nevertheless in the day when I visit I will visit their sin upon them. <span class="ver">35</span>And the LORD plagued the people, because they made the calf, which Aaron made.
<h2 id="c33">Chapter 33</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Depart, and go up hence, thou and the people which thou hast brought up out of the land of Egypt, unto the land which I sware unto Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, saying, Unto thy seed will I give it: <span class="ver">2</span>And IM
will send an angel before thee; and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite: <span class="ver">3</span>Unto a land flowing with milk and honey: for I will not go up in the midst of thee; for thou art a stiffnecked people: lest I consume thee in the way. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And when the people heard these evil tidings, they mourned: and no man did put on him his ornaments. <span class="ver">5</span>For the LORD had said unto MosesM
, Say unto the children of Israel, Ye are a stiffnecked people: I will come up into the midst of thee in a moment, and consume thee: therefore now put off thy ornaments from thee, that I may know what to do unto thee. <span class="ver">6</span>And the children of Israel stripped themselves of their ornaments by the mount Horeb. <span class="ver">7</span>And Moses took the tabernacle, and pitched it without the camp, afar off from the camp, and called it the Tabernacle of the congregation. And it came to pass, that M
every one which sought the LORD went out unto the tabernacle of the congregation, which was without the camp. <span class="ver">8</span>And it came to pass, when Moses went out unto the tabernacle, that all the people rose up, and stood every man at his tent door, and looked after Moses, until he was gone into the tabernacle. <span class="ver">9</span>And it came to pass, as Moses entered into the tabernacle, the cloudy pillar descended, and stood at the door of the tabernacle, and the LORD talked with Moses. <spanM
class="ver">10</span>And all the people saw the cloudy pillar stand at the tabernacle door: and all the people rose up and worshipped, every man in his tent door. <span class="ver">11</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses face to face, as a man speaketh unto his friend. And he turned again into the camp: but his servant Joshua, the son of Nun, a young man, departed not out of the tabernacle. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And Moses said unto the LORD, See, thou sayest unto me, Bring up this people: and thou haM
st not let me know whom thou wilt send with me. Yet thou hast said, I know thee by name, and thou hast also found grace in my sight. <span class="ver">13</span>Now therefore, I pray thee, if I have found grace in thy sight, shew me now thy way, that I may know thee, that I may find grace in thy sight: and consider that this nation is thy people. <span class="ver">14</span>And he said, My presence shall go with thee, and I will give thee rest. <span class="ver">15</span>And he said unto him, If thy presence go not wM
ith me, carry us not up hence. <span class="ver">16</span>For wherein shall it be known here that I and thy people have found grace in thy sight? is it not in that thou goest with us? so shall we be separated, I and thy people, from all the people that are upon the face of the earth. <span class="ver">17</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, I will do this thing also that thou hast spoken: for thou hast found grace in my sight, and I know thee by name. <span class="ver">18</span>And he said, I beseech thee, shew me tM
hy glory. <span class="ver">19</span>And he said, I will make all my goodness pass before thee, and I will proclaim the name of the LORD before thee; and will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will shew mercy on whom I will shew mercy. <span class="ver">20</span>And he said, Thou canst not see my face: for there shall no man see me, and live. <span class="ver">21</span>And the LORD said, Behold, there is a place by me, and thou shalt stand upon a rock: <span class="ver">22</span>And it shall come to pass,M
while my glory passeth by, that I will put thee in a clift of the rock, and will cover thee with my hand while I pass by: <span class="ver">23</span>And I will take away mine hand, and thou shalt see my back parts: but my face shall not be seen.
<h2 id="c34">Chapter 34</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Hew thee two tables of stone like unto the first: and I will write upon these tables the words that were in the first tables, which thou brakest. <span class="ver">2</span>And be M
ready in the morning, and come up in the morning unto mount Sinai, and present thyself there to me in the top of the mount. <span class="ver">3</span>And no man shall come up with thee, neither let any man be seen throughout all the mount; neither let the flocks nor herds feed before that mount. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And he hewed two tables of stone like unto the first; and Moses rose up early in the morning, and went up unto mount Sinai, as the LORD had commanded him, and took in his hand the two tabM
les of stone. <span class="ver">5</span>And the LORD descended in the cloud, and stood with him there, and proclaimed the name of the LORD. <span class="ver">6</span>And the LORD passed by before him, and proclaimed, The LORD, The LORD God, merciful and gracious, longsuffering, and abundant in goodness and truth, <span class="ver">7</span>Keeping mercy for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, and that will by no means clear the guilty; visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, and M
s children, unto the third and to the fourth generation. <span class="ver">8</span>And Moses made haste, and bowed his head toward the earth, and worshipped. <span class="ver">9</span>And he said, If now I have found grace in thy sight, O Lord, let my Lord, I pray thee, go among us; for it is a stiffnecked people; and pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us for thine inheritance. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And he said, Behold, I make a covenant: before all thy people I will do marM
vels, such as have not been done in all the earth, nor in any nation: and all the people among which thou art shall see the work of the LORD: for it is a terrible thing that I will do with thee. <span class="ver">11</span>Observe thou that which I command thee this day: behold, I drive out before thee the Amorite, and the Canaanite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Hivite, and the Jebusite. <span class="ver">12</span>Take heed to thyself, lest thou make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land whitherM
thou goest, lest it be for a snare in the midst of thee: <span class="ver">13</span>But ye shall destroy their altars, break their images, and cut down their groves: <span class="ver">14</span>For thou shalt worship no other god: for the LORD, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God: <span class="ver">15</span>Lest thou make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land, and they go a whoring after their gods, and do sacrifice unto their gods, and one call thee, and thou eat of his sacrifice; <span class="ver">16</sM
pan>And thou take of their daughters unto thy sons, and their daughters go a whoring after their gods, and make thy sons go a whoring after their gods. <span class="ver">17</span>Thou shalt make thee no molten gods. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>The feast of unleavened bread shalt thou keep. Seven days thou shalt eat unleavened bread, as I commanded thee, in the time of the month Abib: for in the month Abib thou camest out from Egypt. <span class="ver">19</span>All that openeth the matrix is mine; and every M
firstling among thy cattle, whether ox or sheep, that is male. <span class="ver">20</span>But the firstling of an ass thou shalt redeem with a lamb: and if thou redeem him not, then shalt thou break his neck. All the firstborn of thy sons thou shalt redeem. And none shall appear before me empty. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Six days thou shalt work, but on the seventh day thou shalt rest: in earing time and in harvest thou shalt rest. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And thou shalt observe the feast ofM
weeks, of the firstfruits of wheat harvest, and the feast of ingathering at the year
<p><span class="ver">23</span>Thrice in the year shall all your men children appear before the Lord GOD, the God of Israel. <span class="ver">24</span>For I will cast out the nations before thee, and enlarge thy borders: neither shall any man desire thy land, when thou shalt go up to appear before the LORD thy God thrice in the year. <span class="ver">25</span>Thou shalt not offer the blood of my sacrifice with leaM
ven; neither shall the sacrifice of the feast of the passover be left unto the morning. <span class="ver">26</span>The first of the firstfruits of thy land thou shalt bring unto the house of the LORD thy God. Thou shalt not seethe a kid in his mother
s milk. <span class="ver">27</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Write thou these words: for after the tenor of these words I have made a covenant with thee and with Israel. <span class="ver">28</span>And he was there with the LORD forty days and forty nights; he didM
neither eat bread, nor drink water. And he wrote upon the tables the words of the covenant, the ten commandments. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>And it came to pass, when Moses came down from mount Sinai with the two tables of testimony in Moses
hand, when he came down from the mount, that Moses wist not that the skin of his face shone while he talked with him. <span class="ver">30</span>And when Aaron and all the children of Israel saw Moses, behold, the skin of his face shone; and they were afraid to coM
me nigh him. <span class="ver">31</span>And Moses called unto them; and Aaron and all the rulers of the congregation returned unto him: and Moses talked with them. <span class="ver">32</span>And afterward all the children of Israel came nigh: and he gave them in commandment all that the LORD had spoken with him in mount Sinai. <span class="ver">33</span>And till Moses had done speaking with them, he put a vail on his face. <span class="ver">34</span>But when Moses went in before the LORD to speak with him, he took M
the vail off, until he came out. And he came out, and spake unto the children of Israel that which he was commanded. <span class="ver">35</span>And the children of Israel saw the face of Moses, that the skin of Moses
face shone: and Moses put the vail upon his face again, until he went in to speak with him.
<h2 id="c35">Chapter 35</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Moses gathered all the congregation of the children of Israel together, and said unto them, These are the words which the LORD hath commandeM
d, that ye should do them. <span class="ver">2</span>Six days shall work be done, but on the seventh day there shall be to you an holy day, a sabbath of rest to the LORD: whosoever doeth work therein shall be put to death. <span class="ver">3</span>Ye shall kindle no fire throughout your habitations upon the sabbath day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And Moses spake unto all the congregation of the children of Israel, saying, This is the thing which the LORD commanded, saying, <span class="ver">5</span>Take yM
e from among you an offering unto the LORD: whosoever is of a willing heart, let him bring it, an offering of the LORD; gold, and silver, and brass, <span class="ver">6</span>And blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine linen, and goats
hair, <span class="ver">7</span>And rams
skins dyed red, and badgers
skins, and shittim wood, <span class="ver">8</span>And oil for the light, and spices for anointing oil, and for the sweet incense, <span class="ver">9</span>And onyx stones, and stones to be set for the ephM
od, and for the breastplate. <span class="ver">10</span>And every wise hearted among you shall come, and make all that the LORD hath commanded; <span class="ver">11</span>The tabernacle, his tent, and his covering, his taches, and his boards, his bars, his pillars, and his sockets, <span class="ver">12</span>The ark, and the staves thereof, with the mercy seat, and the vail of the covering, <span class="ver">13</span>The table, and his staves, and all his vessels, and the shewbread, <span class="ver">14</span>The cM
andlestick also for the light, and his furniture, and his lamps, with the oil for the light, <span class="ver">15</span>And the incense altar, and his staves, and the anointing oil, and the sweet incense, and the hanging for the door at the entering in of the tabernacle, <span class="ver">16</span>The altar of burnt offering, with his brasen grate, his staves, and all his vessels, the laver and his foot, <span class="ver">17</span>The hangings of the court, his pillars, and their sockets, and the hanging for the doM
or of the court, <span class="ver">18</span>The pins of the tabernacle, and the pins of the court, and their cords, <span class="ver">19</span>The cloths of service, to do service in the holy place, the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and the garments of his sons, to minister in the priest
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And all the congregation of the children of Israel departed from the presence of Moses. <span class="ver">21</span>And they came, every one whose heart stirred him up, and everM
y one whom his spirit made willing, and they brought the LORD
s offering to the work of the tabernacle of the congregation, and for all his service, and for the holy garments. <span class="ver">22</span>And they came, both men and women, as many as were willing hearted, and brought bracelets, and earrings, and rings, and tablets, all jewels of gold: and every man that offered offered an offering of gold unto the LORD. <span class="ver">23</span>And every man, with whom was found blue, and purple, and scarlet, andM
fine linen, and goats
hair, and red skins of rams, and badgers
skins, brought them. <span class="ver">24</span>Every one that did offer an offering of silver and brass brought the LORD
s offering: and every man, with whom was found shittim wood for any work of the service, brought it. <span class="ver">25</span>And all the women that were wise hearted did spin with their hands, and brought that which they had spun, both of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, and of fine linen. <span class="ver">26</span>AM
nd all the women whose heart stirred them up in wisdom spun goats
hair. <span class="ver">27</span>And the rulers brought onyx stones, and stones to be set, for the ephod, and for the breastplate; <span class="ver">28</span>And spice, and oil for the light, and for the anointing oil, and for the sweet incense. <span class="ver">29</span>The children of Israel brought a willing offering unto the LORD, every man and woman, whose heart made them willing to bring for all manner of work, which the LORD had commanded M
to be made by the hand of Moses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>And Moses said unto the children of Israel, See, the LORD hath called by name Bezaleel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah; <span class="ver">31</span>And he hath filled him with the spirit of God, in wisdom, in understanding, and in knowledge, and in all manner of workmanship; <span class="ver">32</span>And to devise curious works, to work in gold, and in silver, and in brass, <span class="ver">33</span>And in the cutting of stM
ones, to set them, and in carving of wood, to make any manner of cunning work. <span class="ver">34</span>And he hath put in his heart that he may teach, both he, and Aholiab, the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan. <span class="ver">35</span>Them hath he filled with wisdom of heart, to work all manner of work, of the engraver, and of the cunning workman, and of the embroiderer, in blue, and in purple, in scarlet, and in fine linen, and of the weaver, even of them that do any work, and of those that devise cunniM
<h2 id="c36">Chapter 36</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then wrought Bezaleel and Aholiab, and every wise hearted man, in whom the LORD put wisdom and understanding to know how to work all manner of work for the service of the sanctuary, according to all that the LORD had commanded. <span class="ver">2</span>And Moses called Bezaleel and Aholiab, and every wise hearted man, in whose heart the LORD had put wisdom, even every one whose heart stirred him up to come unto the work to do it: <span class=M
"ver">3</span>And they received of Moses all the offering, which the children of Israel had brought for the work of the service of the sanctuary, to make it withal. And they brought yet unto him free offerings every morning. <span class="ver">4</span>And all the wise men, that wrought all the work of the sanctuary, came every man from his work which they made; </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And they spake unto Moses, saying, The people bring much more than enough for the service of the work, which the LORD comM
manded to make. <span class="ver">6</span>And Moses gave commandment, and they caused it to be proclaimed throughout the camp, saying, Let neither man nor woman make any more work for the offering of the sanctuary. So the people were restrained from bringing. <span class="ver">7</span>For the stuff they had was sufficient for all the work to make it, and too much. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And every wise hearted man among them that wrought the work of the tabernacle made ten curtains of fine twined linen,M
and blue, and purple, and scarlet: with cherubims of cunning work made he them. <span class="ver">9</span>The length of one curtain was twenty and eight cubits, and the breadth of one curtain four cubits: the curtains were all of one size. <span class="ver">10</span>And he coupled the five curtains one unto another: and the other five curtains he coupled one unto another. <span class="ver">11</span>And he made loops of blue on the edge of one curtain from the selvedge in the coupling: likewise he made in the utterM
most side of another curtain, in the coupling of the second. <span class="ver">12</span>Fifty loops made he in one curtain, and fifty loops made he in the edge of the curtain which was in the coupling of the second: the loops held one curtain to another. <span class="ver">13</span>And he made fifty taches of gold, and coupled the curtains one unto another with the taches: so it became one tabernacle. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And he made curtains of goats
hair for the tent over the tabernacle: eleven M
curtains he made them. <span class="ver">15</span>The length of one curtain was thirty cubits, and four cubits was the breadth of one curtain: the eleven curtains were of one size. <span class="ver">16</span>And he coupled five curtains by themselves, and six curtains by themselves. <span class="ver">17</span>And he made fifty loops upon the uttermost edge of the curtain in the coupling, and fifty loops made he upon the edge of the curtain which coupleth the second. <span class="ver">18</span>And he made fifty tachM
es of brass to couple the tent together, that it might be one. <span class="ver">19</span>And he made a covering for the tent of rams
skins dyed red, and a covering of badgers
skins above that. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And he made boards for the tabernacle of shittim wood, standing up. <span class="ver">21</span>The length of a board was ten cubits, and the breadth of a board one cubit and a half. <span class="ver">22</span>One board had two tenons, equally distant one from another: thus did he maM
ke for all the boards of the tabernacle. <span class="ver">23</span>And he made boards for the tabernacle; twenty boards for the south side southward: <span class="ver">24</span>And forty sockets of silver he made under the twenty boards; two sockets under one board for his two tenons, and two sockets under another board for his two tenons. <span class="ver">25</span>And for the other side of the tabernacle, which is toward the north corner, he made twenty boards, <span class="ver">26</span>And their forty sockets M
of silver; two sockets under one board, and two sockets under another board. <span class="ver">27</span>And for the sides of the tabernacle westward he made six boards. <span class="ver">28</span>And two boards made he for the corners of the tabernacle in the two sides. <span class="ver">29</span>And they were coupled beneath, and coupled together at the head thereof, to one ring: thus he did to both of them in both the corners. <span class="ver">30</span>And there were eight boards; and their sockets were sixteen M
sockets of silver, under every board two sockets. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>And he made bars of shittim wood; five for the boards of the one side of the tabernacle, <span class="ver">32</span>And five bars for the boards of the other side of the tabernacle, and five bars for the boards of the tabernacle for the sides westward. <span class="ver">33</span>And he made the middle bar to shoot through the boards from the one end to the other. <span class="ver">34</span>And he overlaid the boards with gold, anM
d made their rings of gold to be places for the bars, and overlaid the bars with gold. </p>
<p><span class="ver">35</span>And he made a vail of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen: with cherubims made he it of cunning work. <span class="ver">36</span>And he made thereunto four pillars of shittim wood, and overlaid them with gold: their hooks were of gold; and he cast for them four sockets of silver. </p>
<p><span class="ver">37</span>And he made an hanging for the tabernacle door of blue, and pM
urple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, of needlework; <span class="ver">38</span>And the five pillars of it with their hooks: and he overlaid their chapiters and their fillets with gold: but their five sockets were of brass.
<h2 id="c37">Chapter 37</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Bezaleel made the ark of shittim wood: two cubits and a half was the length of it, and a cubit and a half the breadth of it, and a cubit and a half the height of it: <span class="ver">2</span>And he overlaid it with pure goM
ld within and without, and made a crown of gold to it round about. <span class="ver">3</span>And he cast for it four rings of gold, to be set by the four corners of it; even two rings upon the one side of it, and two rings upon the other side of it. <span class="ver">4</span>And he made staves of shittim wood, and overlaid them with gold. <span class="ver">5</span>And he put the staves into the rings by the sides of the ark, to bear the ark. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And he made the mercy seat of pure golM
d: two cubits and a half was the length thereof, and one cubit and a half the breadth thereof. <span class="ver">7</span>And he made two cherubims of gold, beaten out of one piece made he them, on the two ends of the mercy seat; <span class="ver">8</span>One cherub on the end on this side, and another cherub on the other end on that side: out of the mercy seat made he the cherubims on the two ends thereof. <span class="ver">9</span>And the cherubims spread out their wings on high, and covered with their wings over M
the mercy seat, with their faces one to another; even to the mercy seatward were the faces of the cherubims. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And he made the table of shittim wood: two cubits was the length thereof, and a cubit the breadth thereof, and a cubit and a half the height thereof: <span class="ver">11</span>And he overlaid it with pure gold, and made thereunto a crown of gold round about. <span class="ver">12</span>Also he made thereunto a border of an handbreadth round about; and made a crown of goldM
for the border thereof round about. <span class="ver">13</span>And he cast for it four rings of gold, and put the rings upon the four corners that were in the four feet thereof. <span class="ver">14</span>Over against the border were the rings, the places for the staves to bear the table. <span class="ver">15</span>And he made the staves of shittim wood, and overlaid them with gold, to bear the table. <span class="ver">16</span>And he made the vessels which were upon the table, his dishes, and his spoons, and his M
bowls, and his covers to cover withal, of pure gold. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And he made the candlestick of pure gold: of beaten work made he the candlestick; his shaft, and his branch, his bowls, his knops, and his flowers, were of the same: <span class="ver">18</span>And six branches going out of the sides thereof; three branches of the candlestick out of the one side thereof, and three branches of the candlestick out of the other side thereof: <span class="ver">19</span>Three bowls made after the faM
shion of almonds in one branch, a knop and a flower; and three bowls made like almonds in another branch, a knop and a flower: so throughout the six branches going out of the candlestick. <span class="ver">20</span>And in the candlestick were four bowls made like almonds, his knops, and his flowers: <span class="ver">21</span>And a knop under two branches of the same, and a knop under two branches of the same, and a knop under two branches of the same, according to the six branches going out of it. <span class="verM
">22</span>Their knops and their branches were of the same: all of it was one beaten work of pure gold. <span class="ver">23</span>And he made his seven lamps, and his snuffers, and his snuffdishes, of pure gold. <span class="ver">24</span>Of a talent of pure gold made he it, and all the vessels thereof. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And he made the incense altar of shittim wood: the length of it was a cubit, and the breadth of it a cubit; it was foursquare; and two cubits was the height of it; the horns theM
reof were of the same. <span class="ver">26</span>And he overlaid it with pure gold, both the top of it, and the sides thereof round about, and the horns of it: also he made unto it a crown of gold round about. <span class="ver">27</span>And he made two rings of gold for it under the crown thereof, by the two corners of it, upon the two sides thereof, to be places for the staves to bear it withal. <span class="ver">28</span>And he made the staves of shittim wood, and overlaid them with gold. </p>
ver">29</span>And he made the holy anointing oil, and the pure incense of sweet spices, according to the work of the apothecary.
<h2 id="c38">Chapter 38</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And he made the altar of burnt offering of shittim wood: five cubits was the length thereof, and five cubits the breadth thereof; it was foursquare; and three cubits the height thereof. <span class="ver">2</span>And he made the horns thereof on the four corners of it; the horns thereof were of the same: and he overlaid it witM
h brass. <span class="ver">3</span>And he made all the vessels of the altar, the pots, and the shovels, and the basons, and the fleshhooks, and the firepans: all the vessels thereof made he of brass. <span class="ver">4</span>And he made for the altar a brasen grate of network under the compass thereof beneath unto the midst of it. <span class="ver">5</span>And he cast four rings for the four ends of the grate of brass, to be places for the staves. <span class="ver">6</span>And he made the staves of shittim wood, aM
nd overlaid them with brass. <span class="ver">7</span>And he put the staves into the rings on the sides of the altar, to bear it withal; he made the altar hollow with boards. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And he made the laver of brass, and the foot of it of brass, of the lookingglasses of the women assembling, which assembled at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And he made the court: on the south side southward the hangings of the court were of fine twined M
linen, an hundred cubits: <span class="ver">10</span>Their pillars were twenty, and their brasen sockets twenty; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets were of silver. <span class="ver">11</span>And for the north side the hangings were an hundred cubits, their pillars were twenty, and their sockets of brass twenty; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets of silver. <span class="ver">12</span>And for the west side were hangings of fifty cubits, their pillars ten, and their sockets ten; the hooks of the pillarM
s and their fillets of silver. <span class="ver">13</span>And for the east side eastward fifty cubits. <span class="ver">14</span>The hangings of the one side of the gate were fifteen cubits; their pillars three, and their sockets three. <span class="ver">15</span>And for the other side of the court gate, on this hand and that hand, were hangings of fifteen cubits; their pillars three, and their sockets three. <span class="ver">16</span>All the hangings of the court round about were of fine twined linen. <span clasM
s="ver">17</span>And the sockets for the pillars were of brass; the hooks of the pillars and their fillets of silver; and the overlaying of their chapiters of silver; and all the pillars of the court were filleted with silver. <span class="ver">18</span>And the hanging for the gate of the court was needlework, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen: and twenty cubits was the length, and the height in the breadth was five cubits, answerable to the hangings of the court. <span class="ver">19</span>AnM
d their pillars were four, and their sockets of brass four; their hooks of silver, and the overlaying of their chapiters and their fillets of silver. <span class="ver">20</span>And all the pins of the tabernacle, and of the court round about, were of brass. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>This is the sum of the tabernacle, even of the tabernacle of testimony, as it was counted, according to the commandment of Moses, for the service of the Levites, by the hand of Ithamar, son to Aaron the priest. <span class="vM
er">22</span>And Bezaleel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah, made all that the LORD commanded Moses. <span class="ver">23</span>And with him was Aholiab, son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan, an engraver, and a cunning workman, and an embroiderer in blue, and in purple, and in scarlet, and fine linen. <span class="ver">24</span>All the gold that was occupied for the work in all the work of the holy place, even the gold of the offering, was twenty and nine talents, and seven hundred and thirty sM
hekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary. <span class="ver">25</span>And the silver of them that were numbered of the congregation was an hundred talents, and a thousand seven hundred and threescore and fifteen shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary: <span class="ver">26</span>A bekah for every man, that is, half a shekel, after the shekel of the sanctuary, for every one that went to be numbered, from twenty years old and upward, for six hundred thousand and three thousand and five hundred and fifty men. <spanM
class="ver">27</span>And of the hundred talents of silver were cast the sockets of the sanctuary, and the sockets of the vail; an hundred sockets of the hundred talents, a talent for a socket. <span class="ver">28</span>And of the thousand seven hundred seventy and five shekels he made hooks for the pillars, and overlaid their chapiters, and filleted them. <span class="ver">29</span>And the brass of the offering was seventy talents, and two thousand and four hundred shekels. <span class="ver">30</span>And therewitM
h he made the sockets to the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and the brasen altar, and the brasen grate for it, and all the vessels of the altar, <span class="ver">31</span>And the sockets of the court round about, and the sockets of the court gate, and all the pins of the tabernacle, and all the pins of the court round about.
<h2 id="c39">Chapter 39</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And of the blue, and purple, and scarlet, they made cloths of service, to do service in the holy place, and made thM
e holy garments for Aaron; as the LORD commanded Moses. <span class="ver">2</span>And he made the ephod of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen. <span class="ver">3</span>And they did beat the gold into thin plates, and cut it into wires, to work it in the blue, and in the purple, and in the scarlet, and in the fine linen, with cunning work. <span class="ver">4</span>They made shoulderpieces for it, to couple it together: by the two edges was it coupled together. <span class="ver">5</span>And M
the curious girdle of his ephod, that was upon it, was of the same, according to the work thereof; of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen; as the LORD commanded Moses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And they wrought onyx stones inclosed in ouches of gold, graven, as signets are graven, with the names of the children of Israel. <span class="ver">7</span>And he put them on the shoulders of the ephod, that they should be stones for a memorial to the children of Israel; as the LORD commandedM
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And he made the breastplate of cunning work, like the work of the ephod; of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen. <span class="ver">9</span>It was foursquare; they made the breastplate double: a span was the length thereof, and a span the breadth thereof, being doubled. <span class="ver">10</span>And they set in it four rows of stones: the first row was a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this was the first row. <span class="ver">11</span>And the seM
cond row, an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond. <span class="ver">12</span>And the third row, a ligure, an agate, and an amethyst. <span class="ver">13</span>And the fourth row, a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper: they were inclosed in ouches of gold in their inclosings. <span class="ver">14</span>And the stones were according to the names of the children of Israel, twelve, according to their names, like the engravings of a signet, every one with his name, according to the twelve tribes. <span class="ver">15</span>AndM
they made upon the breastplate chains at the ends, of wreathen work of pure gold. <span class="ver">16</span>And they made two ouches of gold, and two gold rings; and put the two rings in the two ends of the breastplate. <span class="ver">17</span>And they put the two wreathen chains of gold in the two rings on the ends of the breastplate. <span class="ver">18</span>And the two ends of the two wreathen chains they fastened in the two ouches, and put them on the shoulderpieces of the ephod, before it. <span class="M
ver">19</span>And they made two rings of gold, and put them on the two ends of the breastplate, upon the border of it, which was on the side of the ephod inward. <span class="ver">20</span>And they made two other golden rings, and put them on the two sides of the ephod underneath, toward the forepart of it, over against the other coupling thereof, above the curious girdle of the ephod. <span class="ver">21</span>And they did bind the breastplate by his rings unto the rings of the ephod with a lace of blue, that it M
might be above the curious girdle of the ephod, and that the breastplate might not be loosed from the ephod; as the LORD commanded Moses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And he made the robe of the ephod of woven work, all of blue. <span class="ver">23</span>And there was an hole in the midst of the robe, as the hole of an habergeon, with a band round about the hole, that it should not rend. <span class="ver">24</span>And they made upon the hems of the robe pomegranates of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and twM
ined linen. <span class="ver">25</span>And they made bells of pure gold, and put the bells between the pomegranates upon the hem of the robe, round about between the pomegranates; <span class="ver">26</span>A bell and a pomegranate, a bell and a pomegranate, round about the hem of the robe to minister in; as the LORD commanded Moses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>And they made coats of fine linen of woven work for Aaron, and for his sons, <span class="ver">28</span>And a mitre of fine linen, and goodly bonneM
ts of fine linen, and linen breeches of fine twined linen, <span class="ver">29</span>And a girdle of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet, of needlework; as the LORD commanded Moses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>And they made the plate of the holy crown of pure gold, and wrote upon it a writing, like to the engravings of a signet, HOLINESS TO THE LORD. <span class="ver">31</span>And they tied unto it a lace of blue, to fasten it on high upon the mitre; as the LORD commanded Moses. </p>
><span class="ver">32</span>Thus was all the work of the tabernacle of the tent of the congregation finished: and the children of Israel did according to all that the LORD commanded Moses, so did they. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>And they brought the tabernacle unto Moses, the tent, and all his furniture, his taches, his boards, his bars, and his pillars, and his sockets, <span class="ver">34</span>And the covering of rams
skins dyed red, and the covering of badgers
skins, and the vail of the coverinM
g, <span class="ver">35</span>The ark of the testimony, and the staves thereof, and the mercy seat, <span class="ver">36</span>The table, and all the vessels thereof, and the shewbread, <span class="ver">37</span>The pure candlestick, with the lamps thereof, even with the lamps to be set in order, and all the vessels thereof, and the oil for light, <span class="ver">38</span>And the golden altar, and the anointing oil, and the sweet incense, and the hanging for the tabernacle door, <span class="ver">39</span>The brM
asen altar, and his grate of brass, his staves, and all his vessels, the laver and his foot, <span class="ver">40</span>The hangings of the court, his pillars, and his sockets, and the hanging for the court gate, his cords, and his pins, and all the vessels of the service of the tabernacle, for the tent of the congregation, <span class="ver">41</span>The cloths of service to do service in the holy place, and the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and his sons
garments, to minister in the priest
n class="ver">42</span>According to all that the LORD commanded Moses, so the children of Israel made all the work. <span class="ver">43</span>And Moses did look upon all the work, and, behold, they had done it as the LORD had commanded, even so had they done it: and Moses blessed them.
<h2 id="c40">Chapter 40</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>On the first day of the first month shalt thou set up the tabernacle of the tent of the congregation. <M
span class="ver">3</span>And thou shalt put therein the ark of the testimony, and cover the ark with the vail. <span class="ver">4</span>And thou shalt bring in the table, and set in order the things that are to be set in order upon it; and thou shalt bring in the candlestick, and light the lamps thereof. <span class="ver">5</span>And thou shalt set the altar of gold for the incense before the ark of the testimony, and put the hanging of the door to the tabernacle. <span class="ver">6</span>And thou shalt set the aM
ltar of the burnt offering before the door of the tabernacle of the tent of the congregation. <span class="ver">7</span>And thou shalt set the laver between the tent of the congregation and the altar, and shalt put water therein. <span class="ver">8</span>And thou shalt set up the court round about, and hang up the hanging at the court gate. <span class="ver">9</span>And thou shalt take the anointing oil, and anoint the tabernacle, and all that is therein, and shalt hallow it, and all the vessels thereof: and it shM
all be holy. <span class="ver">10</span>And thou shalt anoint the altar of the burnt offering, and all his vessels, and sanctify the altar: and it shall be an altar most holy. <span class="ver">11</span>And thou shalt anoint the laver and his foot, and sanctify it. <span class="ver">12</span>And thou shalt bring Aaron and his sons unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and wash them with water. <span class="ver">13</span>And thou shalt put upon Aaron the holy garments, and anoint him, and sanctify himM
; that he may minister unto me in the priest
s office. <span class="ver">14</span>And thou shalt bring his sons, and clothe them with coats: <span class="ver">15</span>And thou shalt anoint them, as thou didst anoint their father, that they may minister unto me in the priest
s office: for their anointing shall surely be an everlasting priesthood throughout their generations. <span class="ver">16</span>Thus did Moses: according to all that the LORD commanded him, so did he. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>AM
nd it came to pass in the first month in the second year, on the first day of the month, that the tabernacle was reared up. <span class="ver">18</span>And Moses reared up the tabernacle, and fastened his sockets, and set up the boards thereof, and put in the bars thereof, and reared up his pillars. <span class="ver">19</span>And he spread abroad the tent over the tabernacle, and put the covering of the tent above upon it; as the LORD commanded Moses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And he took and put the testM
imony into the ark, and set the staves on the ark, and put the mercy seat above upon the ark: <span class="ver">21</span>And he brought the ark into the tabernacle, and set up the vail of the covering, and covered the ark of the testimony; as the LORD commanded Moses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And he put the table in the tent of the congregation, upon the side of the tabernacle northward, without the vail. <span class="ver">23</span>And he set the bread in order upon it before the LORD; as the LORD had cM
ommanded Moses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And he put the candlestick in the tent of the congregation, over against the table, on the side of the tabernacle southward. <span class="ver">25</span>And he lighted the lamps before the LORD; as the LORD commanded Moses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>And he put the golden altar in the tent of the congregation before the vail: <span class="ver">27</span>And he burnt sweet incense thereon; as the LORD commanded Moses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>AM
nd he set up the hanging at the door of the tabernacle. <span class="ver">29</span>And he put the altar of burnt offering by the door of the tabernacle of the tent of the congregation, and offered upon it the burnt offering and the meat offering; as the LORD commanded Moses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>And he set the laver between the tent of the congregation and the altar, and put water there, to wash withal. <span class="ver">31</span>And Moses and Aaron and his sons washed their hands and their feet theM
reat: <span class="ver">32</span>When they went into the tent of the congregation, and when they came near unto the altar, they washed; as the LORD commanded Moses. <span class="ver">33</span>And he reared up the court round about the tabernacle and the altar, and set up the hanging of the court gate. So Moses finished the work. </p>
<p><span class="ver">34</span>Then a cloud covered the tent of the congregation, and the glory of the LORD filled the tabernacle. <span class="ver">35</span>And Moses was not able toM
enter into the tent of the congregation, because the cloud abode thereon, and the glory of the LORD filled the tabernacle. <span class="ver">36</span>And when the cloud was taken up from over the tabernacle, the children of Israel went onward in all their journeys: <span class="ver">37</span>But if the cloud were not taken up, then they journeyed not till the day that it was taken up. <span class="ver">38</span>For the cloud of the LORD was upon the tabernacle by day, and fire was on it by night, in the sight of aL
ll the house of Israel, throughout all their journeys. </p>
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<title>JEREMIAH</title>
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<span>THE BOOK OF THE PROPHET</span>
<div class="content-table">
<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="#c10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="#c11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="#c12">12</a></li>
<li><a href="#c13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="#c14">14</a></li>
<li><a href="#c15">15</a></li>
<li><a href="#c17">17</a></li>
<li><a href="#c18">18</a></li>
<li><a href="#c19">19</a></li>
<li><a href="#c20">20</a></li>
<li><a href="#c21">21</a></li>
<li><a href="#c22">22</a></li>
<li><a href="#c23">23</a></li>
<li><a href="#c24">24</a></li>
<li><a href="#c25">25</a></li>
<li><a href="#c26">26</a></li>
<li><a href="#c27">27</a></li>
<li><a href="#c28">28</a></li>
<li><a href="#c29">29</a></li>
<li><a href="#c30">30</a></lM
<li><a href="#c31">31</a></li>
<li><a href="#c32">32</a></li>
<li><a href="#c33">33</a></li>
<li><a href="#c34">34</a></li>
<li><a href="#c35">35</a></li>
<li><a href="#c36">36</a></li>
<li><a href="#c37">37</a></li>
<li><a href="#c38">38</a></li>
<li><a href="#c39">39</a></li>
<li><a href="#c40">40</a></li>
<li><a href="#c41">41</a></li>
<li><a href="#c42">42</a></li>
<li><a href="#c43">43</a></li>
<li><a href="#c44">44</a></li>
ref="#c45">45</a></li>
<li><a href="#c46">46</a></li>
<li><a href="#c47">47</a></li>
<li><a href="#c48">48</a></li>
<li><a href="#c49">49</a></li>
<li><a href="#c50">50</a></li>
<li><a href="#c51">51</a></li>
<li><a href="#c52">52</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The words of Jeremiah the son of Hilkiah, of the priests that were in Anathoth in the land of Benjamin: <span class="ver">2</span>To whom the word of the LORD cameM
in the days of Josiah the son of Amon king of Judah, in the thirteenth year of his reign. <span class="ver">3</span>It came also in the days of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah, unto the end of the eleventh year of Zedekiah the son of Josiah king of Judah, unto the carrying away of Jerusalem captive in the fifth month. <span class="ver">4</span>Then the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">5</span>Before I formed thee in the belly I knew thee; and before thou camest forth out of the woM
mb I sanctified thee, and I ordained thee a prophet unto the nations. <span class="ver">6</span>Then said I, Ah, Lord GOD! behold, I cannot speak: for I am a child. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>But the LORD said unto me, Say not, I am a child: for thou shalt go to all that I shall send thee, and whatsoever I command thee thou shalt speak. <span class="ver">8</span>Be not afraid of their faces: for I am with thee to deliver thee, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">9</span>Then the LORD put forth his hand, and M
touched my mouth. And the LORD said unto me, Behold, I have put my words in thy mouth. <span class="ver">10</span>See, I have this day set thee over the nations and over the kingdoms, to root out, and to pull down, and to destroy, and to throw down, to build, and to plant. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, Jeremiah, what seest thou? And I said, I see a rod of an almond tree. <span class="ver">12</span>Then said the LORD unto me, Thou hast well seen: for I will M
hasten my word to perform it. <span class="ver">13</span>And the word of the LORD came unto me the second time, saying, What seest thou? And I said, I see a seething pot; and the face thereof is toward the north. <span class="ver">14</span>Then the LORD said unto me, Out of the north an evil shall break forth upon all the inhabitants of the land. <span class="ver">15</span>For, lo, I will call all the families of the kingdoms of the north, saith the LORD; and they shall come, and they shall set every one his throneM
at the entering of the gates of Jerusalem, and against all the walls thereof round about, and against all the cities of Judah. <span class="ver">16</span>And I will utter my judgments against them touching all their wickedness, who have forsaken me, and have burned incense unto other gods, and worshipped the works of their own hands. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Thou therefore gird up thy loins, and arise, and speak unto them all that I command thee: be not dismayed at their faces, lest I confound thee befM
ore them. <span class="ver">18</span>For, behold, I have made thee this day a defenced city, and an iron pillar, and brasen walls against the whole land, against the kings of Judah, against the princes thereof, against the priests thereof, and against the people of the land. <span class="ver">19</span>And they shall fight against thee; but they shall not prevail against thee; for I am with thee, saith the LORD, to deliver thee.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Moreover the word of the LM
ORD came to me, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Go and cry in the ears of Jerusalem, saying, Thus saith the LORD; I remember thee, the kindness of thy youth, the love of thine espousals, when thou wentest after me in the wilderness, in a land that was not sown. <span class="ver">3</span>Israel was holiness unto the LORD, and the firstfruits of his increase: all that devour him shall offend; evil shall come upon them, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">4</span>Hear ye the word of the LORD, O house of Jacob, and allM
the families of the house of Israel: </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Thus saith the LORD, What iniquity have your fathers found in me, that they are gone far from me, and have walked after vanity, and are become vain? <span class="ver">6</span>Neither said they, Where is the LORD that brought us up out of the land of Egypt, that led us through the wilderness, through a land of deserts and of pits, through a land of drought, and of the shadow of death, through a land that no man passed through, and where no manM
dwelt? <span class="ver">7</span>And I brought you into a plentiful country, to eat the fruit thereof and the goodness thereof; but when ye entered, ye defiled my land, and made mine heritage an abomination. <span class="ver">8</span>The priests said not, Where is the LORD? and they that handle the law knew me not: the pastors also transgressed against me, and the prophets prophesied by Baal, and walked after things that do not profit. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Wherefore I will yet plead with you, saith M
the LORD, and with your children
s children will I plead. <span class="ver">10</span>For pass over the isles of Chittim, and see; and send unto Kedar, and consider diligently, and see if there be such a thing. <span class="ver">11</span>Hath a nation changed their gods, which are yet no gods? but my people have changed their glory for that which doth not profit. <span class="ver">12</span>Be astonished, O ye heavens, at this, and be horribly afraid, be ye very desolate, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">13</span>M
For my people have committed two evils; they have forsaken me the fountain of living waters, and hewed them out cisterns, broken cisterns, that can hold no water. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Is Israel a servant? is he a homeborn slave? why is he spoiled? <span class="ver">15</span>The young lions roared upon him, and yelled, and they made his land waste: his cities are burned without inhabitant. <span class="ver">16</span>Also the children of Noph and Tahapanes have broken the crown of thy head. <span clasM
s="ver">17</span>Hast thou not procured this unto thyself, in that thou hast forsaken the LORD thy God, when he led thee by the way? <span class="ver">18</span>And now what hast thou to do in the way of Egypt, to drink the waters of Sihor? or what hast thou to do in the way of Assyria, to drink the waters of the river? <span class="ver">19</span>Thine own wickedness shall correct thee, and thy backslidings shall reprove thee: know therefore and see that it is an evil thing and bitter, that thou hast forsaken the LOM
RD thy God, and that my fear is not in thee, saith the Lord GOD of hosts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>For of old time I have broken thy yoke, and burst thy bands; and thou saidst, I will not transgress; when upon every high hill and under every green tree thou wanderest, playing the harlot. <span class="ver">21</span>Yet I had planted thee a noble vine, wholly a right seed: how then art thou turned into the degenerate plant of a strange vine unto me? <span class="ver">22</span>For though thou wash thee witM
h nitre, and take thee much soap, yet thine iniquity is marked before me, saith the Lord GOD. <span class="ver">23</span>How canst thou say, I am not polluted, I have not gone after Baalim? see thy way in the valley, know what thou hast done: thou art a swift dromedary traversing her ways; <span class="ver">24</span>A wild ass used to the wilderness, that snuffeth up the wind at her pleasure; in her occasion who can turn her away? all they that seek her will not weary themselves; in her month they shall find her. <M
span class="ver">25</span>Withhold thy foot from being unshod, and thy throat from thirst: but thou saidst, There is no hope: no; for I have loved strangers, and after them will I go. <span class="ver">26</span>As the thief is ashamed when he is found, so is the house of Israel ashamed; they, their kings, their princes, and their priests, and their prophets, <span class="ver">27</span>Saying to a stock, Thou art my father; and to a stone, Thou hast brought me forth: for they have turned their back unto me, and not M
their face: but in the time of their trouble they will say, Arise, and save us. <span class="ver">28</span>But where are thy gods that thou hast made thee? let them arise, if they can save thee in the time of thy trouble: for according to the number of thy cities are thy gods, O Judah. <span class="ver">29</span>Wherefore will ye plead with me? ye all have transgressed against me, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">30</span>In vain have I smitten your children; they received no correction: your own sword hath devourM
ed your prophets, like a destroying lion. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>O generation, see ye the word of the LORD. Have I been a wilderness unto Israel? a land of darkness? wherefore say my people, We are lords; we will come no more unto thee? <span class="ver">32</span>Can a maid forget her ornaments, or a bride her attire? yet my people have forgotten me days without number. <span class="ver">33</span>Why trimmest thou thy way to seek love? therefore hast thou also taught the wicked ones thy ways. <span clM
ass="ver">34</span>Also in thy skirts is found the blood of the souls of the poor innocents: I have not found it by secret search, but upon all these. <span class="ver">35</span>Yet thou sayest, Because I am innocent, surely his anger shall turn from me. Behold, I will plead with thee, because thou sayest, I have not sinned. <span class="ver">36</span>Why gaddest thou about so much to change thy way? thou also shalt be ashamed of Egypt, as thou wast ashamed of Assyria. <span class="ver">37</span>Yea, thou shalt go M
forth from him, and thine hands upon thine head: for the LORD hath rejected thy confidences, and thou shalt not prosper in them.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>They say, If a man put away his wife, and she go from him, and become another man
s, shall he return unto her again? shall not that land be greatly polluted? but thou hast played the harlot with many lovers; yet return again to me, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">2</span>Lift up thine eyes unto the high places, and see wherM
e thou hast not been lien with. In the ways hast thou sat for them, as the Arabian in the wilderness; and thou hast polluted the land with thy whoredoms and with thy wickedness. <span class="ver">3</span>Therefore the showers have been withholden, and there hath been no latter rain; and thou hadst a whore
s forehead, thou refusedst to be ashamed. <span class="ver">4</span>Wilt thou not from this time cry unto me, My father, thou art the guide of my youth? <span class="ver">5</span>Will he reserve his anger for evM
er? will he keep it to the end? Behold, thou hast spoken and done evil things as thou couldest. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>The LORD said also unto me in the days of Josiah the king, Hast thou seen that which backsliding Israel hath done? she is gone up upon every high mountain and under every green tree, and there hath played the harlot. <span class="ver">7</span>And I said after she had done all these things, Turn thou unto me. But she returned not. And her treacherous sister Judah saw it. <span class="veM
r">8</span>And I saw, when for all the causes whereby backsliding Israel committed adultery I had put her away, and given her a bill of divorce; yet her treacherous sister Judah feared not, but went and played the harlot also. <span class="ver">9</span>And it came to pass through the lightness of her whoredom, that she defiled the land, and committed adultery with stones and with stocks. <span class="ver">10</span>And yet for all this her treacherous sister Judah hath not turned unto me with her whole heart, but feM
ignedly, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">11</span>And the LORD said unto me, The backsliding Israel hath justified herself more than treacherous Judah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Go and proclaim these words toward the north, and say, Return, thou backsliding Israel, saith the LORD; and I will not cause mine anger to fall upon you: for I am merciful, saith the LORD, and I will not keep anger for ever. <span class="ver">13</span>Only acknowledge thine iniquity, that thou hast transgressed against the LORDM
thy God, and hast scattered thy ways to the strangers under every green tree, and ye have not obeyed my voice, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">14</span>Turn, O backsliding children, saith the LORD; for I am married unto you: and I will take you one of a city, and two of a family, and I will bring you to Zion: <span class="ver">15</span>And I will give you pastors according to mine heart, which shall feed you with knowledge and understanding. <span class="ver">16</span>And it shall come to pass, when ye be multipM
lied and increased in the land, in those days, saith the LORD, they shall say no more, The ark of the covenant of the LORD: neither shall it come to mind: neither shall they remember it; neither shall they visit it; neither shall that be done any more. <span class="ver">17</span>At that time they shall call Jerusalem the throne of the LORD; and all the nations shall be gathered unto it, to the name of the LORD, to Jerusalem: neither shall they walk any more after the imagination of their evil heart. <span class="veM
r">18</span>In those days the house of Judah shall walk with the house of Israel, and they shall come together out of the land of the north to the land that I have given for an inheritance unto your fathers. <span class="ver">19</span>But I said, How shall I put thee among the children, and give thee a pleasant land, a goodly heritage of the hosts of nations? and I said, Thou shalt call me, My father; and shalt not turn away from me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Surely as a wife treacherously departeth fromM
her husband, so have ye dealt treacherously with me, O house of Israel, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">21</span>A voice was heard upon the high places, weeping and supplications of the children of Israel: for they have perverted their way, and they have forgotten the LORD their God. <span class="ver">22</span>Return, ye backsliding children, and I will heal your backslidings. Behold, we come unto thee; for thou art the LORD our God. <span class="ver">23</span>Truly in vain is salvation hoped for from the hills,M
and from the multitude of mountains: truly in the LORD our God is the salvation of Israel. <span class="ver">24</span>For shame hath devoured the labour of our fathers from our youth; their flocks and their herds, their sons and their daughters. <span class="ver">25</span>We lie down in our shame, and our confusion covereth us: for we have sinned against the LORD our God, we and our fathers, from our youth even unto this day, and have not obeyed the voice of the LORD our God.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
pan class="ver">1</span>If thou wilt return, O Israel, saith the LORD, return unto me: and if thou wilt put away thine abominations out of my sight, then shalt thou not remove. <span class="ver">2</span>And thou shalt swear, The LORD liveth, in truth, in judgment, and in righteousness; and the nations shall bless themselves in him, and in him shall they glory. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>For thus saith the LORD to the men of Judah and Jerusalem, Break up your fallow ground, and sow not among thorns. <span cM
lass="ver">4</span>Circumcise yourselves to the LORD, and take away the foreskins of your heart, ye men of Judah and inhabitants of Jerusalem: lest my fury come forth like fire, and burn that none can quench it, because of the evil of your doings. <span class="ver">5</span>Declare ye in Judah, and publish in Jerusalem; and say, Blow ye the trumpet in the land: cry, gather together, and say, Assemble yourselves, and let us go into the defenced cities. <span class="ver">6</span>Set up the standard toward Zion: retireM
, stay not: for I will bring evil from the north, and a great destruction. <span class="ver">7</span>The lion is come up from his thicket, and the destroyer of the Gentiles is on his way; he is gone forth from his place to make thy land desolate; and thy cities shall be laid waste, without an inhabitant. <span class="ver">8</span>For this gird you with sackcloth, lament and howl: for the fierce anger of the LORD is not turned back from us. <span class="ver">9</span>And it shall come to pass at that day, saith the LM
ORD, that the heart of the king shall perish, and the heart of the princes; and the priests shall be astonished, and the prophets shall wonder. <span class="ver">10</span>Then said I, Ah, Lord GOD! surely thou hast greatly deceived this people and Jerusalem, saying, Ye shall have peace; whereas the sword reacheth unto the soul. <span class="ver">11</span>At that time shall it be said to this people and to Jerusalem, A dry wind of the high places in the wilderness toward the daughter of my people, not to fan, nor toM
cleanse, <span class="ver">12</span>Even a full wind from those places shall come unto me: now also will I give sentence against them. <span class="ver">13</span>Behold, he shall come up as clouds, and his chariots shall be as a whirlwind: his horses are swifter than eagles. Woe unto us! for we are spoiled. <span class="ver">14</span>O Jerusalem, wash thine heart from wickedness, that thou mayest be saved. How long shall thy vain thoughts lodge within thee? <span class="ver">15</span>For a voice declareth from DanM
, and publisheth affliction from mount Ephraim. <span class="ver">16</span>Make ye mention to the nations; behold, publish against Jerusalem, that watchers come from a far country, and give out their voice against the cities of Judah. <span class="ver">17</span>As keepers of a field, are they against her round about; because she hath been rebellious against me, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">18</span>Thy way and thy doings have procured these things unto thee; this is thy wickedness, because it is bitter, becausM
e it reacheth unto thine heart. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>My bowels, my bowels! I am pained at my very heart; my heart maketh a noise in me; I cannot hold my peace, because thou hast heard, O my soul, the sound of the trumpet, the alarm of war. <span class="ver">20</span>Destruction upon destruction is cried; for the whole land is spoiled: suddenly are my tents spoiled, and my curtains in a moment. <span class="ver">21</span>How long shall I see the standard, and hear the sound of the trumpet? <span clasM
s="ver">22</span>For my people is foolish, they have not known me; they are sottish children, and they have none understanding: they are wise to do evil, but to do good they have no knowledge. <span class="ver">23</span>I beheld the earth, and, lo, it was without form, and void; and the heavens, and they had no light. <span class="ver">24</span>I beheld the mountains, and, lo, they trembled, and all the hills moved lightly. <span class="ver">25</span>I beheld, and, lo, there was no man, and all the birds of the heaM
vens were fled. <span class="ver">26</span>I beheld, and, lo, the fruitful place was a wilderness, and all the cities thereof were broken down at the presence of the LORD, and by his fierce anger. <span class="ver">27</span>For thus hath the LORD said, The whole land shall be desolate; yet will I not make a full end. <span class="ver">28</span>For this shall the earth mourn, and the heavens above be black: because I have spoken it, I have purposed it, and will not repent, neither will I turn back from it. <span claM
ss="ver">29</span>The whole city shall flee for the noise of the horsemen and bowmen; they shall go into thickets, and climb up upon the rocks: every city shall be forsaken, and not a man dwell therein. <span class="ver">30</span>And when thou art spoiled, what wilt thou do? Though thou clothest thyself with crimson, though thou deckest thee with ornaments of gold, though thou rentest thy face with painting, in vain shalt thou make thyself fair; thy lovers will despise thee, they will seek thy life. <span class="veM
r">31</span>For I have heard a voice as of a woman in travail, and the anguish as of her that bringeth forth her first child, the voice of the daughter of Zion, that bewaileth herself, that spreadeth her hands, saying, Woe is me now! for my soul is wearied because of murderers.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Run ye to and fro through the streets of Jerusalem, and see now, and know, and seek in the broad places thereof, if ye can find a man, if there be any that executeth judgment, thaM
t seeketh the truth; and I will pardon it. <span class="ver">2</span>And though they say, The LORD liveth; surely they swear falsely. <span class="ver">3</span>O LORD, are not thine eyes upon the truth? thou hast stricken them, but they have not grieved; thou hast consumed them, but they have refused to receive correction: they have made their faces harder than a rock; they have refused to return. <span class="ver">4</span>Therefore I said, Surely these are poor; they are foolish: for they know not the way of the LM
ORD, nor the judgment of their God. <span class="ver">5</span>I will get me unto the great men, and will speak unto them; for they have known the way of the LORD, and the judgment of their God: but these have altogether broken the yoke, and burst the bonds. <span class="ver">6</span>Wherefore a lion out of the forest shall slay them, and a wolf of the evenings shall spoil them, a leopard shall watch over their cities: every one that goeth out thence shall be torn in pieces: because their transgressions are many, anM
d their backslidings are increased. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>How shall I pardon thee for this? thy children have forsaken me, and sworn by them that are no gods: when I had fed them to the full, they then committed adultery, and assembled themselves by troops in the harlots
houses. <span class="ver">8</span>They were as fed horses in the morning: every one neighed after his neighbour
s wife. <span class="ver">9</span>Shall I not visit for these things? saith the LORD: and shall not my soul be avengeM
d on such a nation as this? </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Go ye up upon her walls, and destroy; but make not a full end: take away her battlements; for they are not the LORD
s. <span class="ver">11</span>For the house of Israel and the house of Judah have dealt very treacherously against me, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">12</span>They have belied the LORD, and said, It is not he; neither shall evil come upon us; neither shall we see sword nor famine: <span class="ver">13</span>And the prophets shall beM
come wind, and the word is not in them: thus shall it be done unto them. <span class="ver">14</span>Wherefore thus saith the LORD God of hosts, Because ye speak this word, behold, I will make my words in thy mouth fire, and this people wood, and it shall devour them. <span class="ver">15</span>Lo, I will bring a nation upon you from far, O house of Israel, saith the LORD: it is a mighty nation, it is an ancient nation, a nation whose language thou knowest not, neither understandest what they say. <span class="ver">M
16</span>Their quiver is as an open sepulchre, they are all mighty men. <span class="ver">17</span>And they shall eat up thine harvest, and thy bread, which thy sons and thy daughters should eat: they shall eat up thy flocks and thine herds: they shall eat up thy vines and thy fig trees: they shall impoverish thy fenced cities, wherein thou trustedst, with the sword. <span class="ver">18</span>Nevertheless in those days, saith the LORD, I will not make a full end with you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And iM
t shall come to pass, when ye shall say, Wherefore doeth the LORD our God all these things unto us? then shalt thou answer them, Like as ye have forsaken me, and served strange gods in your land, so shall ye serve strangers in a land that is not yours. <span class="ver">20</span>Declare this in the house of Jacob, and publish it in Judah, saying, <span class="ver">21</span>Hear now this, O foolish people, and without understanding; which have eyes, and see not; which have ears, and hear not: <span class="ver">22</sM
pan>Fear ye not me? saith the LORD: will ye not tremble at my presence, which have placed the sand for the bound of the sea by a perpetual decree, that it cannot pass it: and though the waves thereof toss themselves, yet can they not prevail; though they roar, yet can they not pass over it? <span class="ver">23</span>But this people hath a revolting and a rebellious heart; they are revolted and gone. <span class="ver">24</span>Neither say they in their heart, Let us now fear the LORD our God, that giveth rain, bothM
the former and the latter, in his season: he reserveth unto us the appointed weeks of the harvest. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>Your iniquities have turned away these things, and your sins have withholden good things from you. <span class="ver">26</span>For among my people are found wicked men: they lay wait, as he that setteth snares; they set a trap, they catch men. <span class="ver">27</span>As a cage is full of birds, so are their houses full of deceit: therefore they are become great, and waxen rich. M
<span class="ver">28</span>They are waxen fat, they shine: yea, they overpass the deeds of the wicked: they judge not the cause, the cause of the fatherless, yet they prosper; and the right of the needy do they not judge. <span class="ver">29</span>Shall I not visit for these things? saith the LORD: shall not my soul be avenged on such a nation as this? </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>A wonderful and horrible thing is committed in the land; <span class="ver">31</span>The prophets prophesy falsely, and the prieM
sts bear rule by their means; and my people love to have it so: and what will ye do in the end thereof?
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>O ye children of Benjamin, gather yourselves to flee out of the midst of Jerusalem, and blow the trumpet in Tekoa, and set up a sign of fire in Beth-haccerem: for evil appeareth out of the north, and great destruction. <span class="ver">2</span>I have likened the daughter of Zion to a comely and delicate woman. <span class="ver">3</span>The shepherds wM
ith their flocks shall come unto her; they shall pitch their tents against her round about; they shall feed every one in his place. <span class="ver">4</span>Prepare ye war against her; arise, and let us go up at noon. Woe unto us! for the day goeth away, for the shadows of the evening are stretched out. <span class="ver">5</span>Arise, and let us go by night, and let us destroy her palaces. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>For thus hath the LORD of hosts said, Hew ye down trees, and cast a mount against JerusalM
em: this is the city to be visited; she is wholly oppression in the midst of her. <span class="ver">7</span>As a fountain casteth out her waters, so she casteth out her wickedness: violence and spoil is heard in her; before me continually is grief and wounds. <span class="ver">8</span>Be thou instructed, O Jerusalem, lest my soul depart from thee; lest I make thee desolate, a land not inhabited. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts, They shall throughly glean the remnant of Israel as a vM
ine: turn back thine hand as a grapegatherer into the baskets. <span class="ver">10</span>To whom shall I speak, and give warning, that they may hear? behold, their ear is uncircumcised, and they cannot hearken: behold, the word of the LORD is unto them a reproach; they have no delight in it. <span class="ver">11</span>Therefore I am full of the fury of the LORD; I am weary with holding in: I will pour it out upon the children abroad, and upon the assembly of young men together: for even the husband with the wife sM
hall be taken, the aged with him that is full of days. <span class="ver">12</span>And their houses shall be turned unto others, with their fields and wives together: for I will stretch out my hand upon the inhabitants of the land, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">13</span>For from the least of them even unto the greatest of them every one is given to covetousness; and from the prophet even unto the priest every one dealeth falsely. <span class="ver">14</span>They have healed also the hurt of the daughter of my peM
ople slightly, saying, Peace, peace; when there is no peace. <span class="ver">15</span>Were they ashamed when they had committed abomination? nay, they were not at all ashamed, neither could they blush: therefore they shall fall among them that fall: at the time that I visit them they shall be cast down, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">16</span>Thus saith the LORD, Stand ye in the ways, and see, and ask for the old paths, where is the good way, and walk therein, and ye shall find rest for your souls. But they saM
id, We will not walk therein. <span class="ver">17</span>Also I set watchmen over you, saying, Hearken to the sound of the trumpet. But they said, We will not hearken. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Therefore hear, ye nations, and know, O congregation, what is among them. <span class="ver">19</span>Hear, O earth: behold, I will bring evil upon this people, even the fruit of their thoughts, because they have not hearkened unto my words, nor to my law, but rejected it. <span class="ver">20</span>To what purposeM
cometh there to me incense from Sheba, and the sweet cane from a far country? your burnt offerings are not acceptable, nor your sacrifices sweet unto me. <span class="ver">21</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will lay stumblingblocks before this people, and the fathers and the sons together shall fall upon them; the neighbour and his friend shall perish. <span class="ver">22</span>Thus saith the LORD, Behold, a people cometh from the north country, and a great nation shall be raised from the sides of M
the earth. <span class="ver">23</span>They shall lay hold on bow and spear; they are cruel, and have no mercy; their voice roareth like the sea; and they ride upon horses, set in array as men for war against thee, O daughter of Zion. <span class="ver">24</span>We have heard the fame thereof: our hands wax feeble: anguish hath taken hold of us, and pain, as of a woman in travail. <span class="ver">25</span>Go not forth into the field, nor walk by the way; for the sword of the enemy and fear is on every side. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>O daughter of my people, gird thee with sackcloth, and wallow thyself in ashes: make thee mourning, as for an only son, most bitter lamentation: for the spoiler shall suddenly come upon us. <span class="ver">27</span>I have set thee for a tower and a fortress among my people, that thou mayest know and try their way. <span class="ver">28</span>They are all grievous revolters, walking with slanders: they are brass and iron; they are all corrupters. <span class="ver">29</span>The bellows M
are burned, the lead is consumed of the fire; the founder melteth in vain: for the wicked are not plucked away. <span class="ver">30</span>Reprobate silver shall men call them, because the LORD hath rejected them.
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Stand in the gate of the LORD
s house, and proclaim there this word, and say, Hear the word of the LORD, all ye of Judah, that enter in at these gates to worship M
the LORD. <span class="ver">3</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, Amend your ways and your doings, and I will cause you to dwell in this place. <span class="ver">4</span>Trust ye not in lying words, saying, The temple of the LORD, The temple of the LORD, The temple of the LORD, are these. <span class="ver">5</span>For if ye throughly amend your ways and your doings; if ye throughly execute judgment between a man and his neighbour; <span class="ver">6</span>If ye oppress not the stranger, the fathM
erless, and the widow, and shed not innocent blood in this place, neither walk after other gods to your hurt: <span class="ver">7</span>Then will I cause you to dwell in this place, in the land that I gave to your fathers, for ever and ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Behold, ye trust in lying words, that cannot profit. <span class="ver">9</span>Will ye steal, murder, and commit adultery, and swear falsely, and burn incense unto Baal, and walk after other gods whom ye know not; <span class="ver">10</span>AM
nd come and stand before me in this house, which is called by my name, and say, We are delivered to do all these abominations? <span class="ver">11</span>Is this house, which is called by my name, become a den of robbers in your eyes? Behold, even I have seen it, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">12</span>But go ye now unto my place which was in Shiloh, where I set my name at the first, and see what I did to it for the wickedness of my people Israel. <span class="ver">13</span>And now, because ye have done all thesM
e works, saith the LORD, and I spake unto you, rising up early and speaking, but ye heard not; and I called you, but ye answered not; <span class="ver">14</span>Therefore will I do unto this house, which is called by my name, wherein ye trust, and unto the place which I gave to you and to your fathers, as I have done to Shiloh. <span class="ver">15</span>And I will cast you out of my sight, as I have cast out all your brethren, even the whole seed of Ephraim. <span class="ver">16</span>Therefore pray not thou for tM
his people, neither lift up cry nor prayer for them, neither make intercession to me: for I will not hear thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Seest thou not what they do in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem? <span class="ver">18</span>The children gather wood, and the fathers kindle the fire, and the women knead their dough, to make cakes to the queen of heaven, and to pour out drink offerings unto other gods, that they may provoke me to anger. <span class="ver">19</span>Do they provoke me M
to anger? saith the LORD: do they not provoke themselves to the confusion of their own faces? <span class="ver">20</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, mine anger and my fury shall be poured out upon this place, upon man, and upon beast, and upon the trees of the field, and upon the fruit of the ground; and it shall burn, and shall not be quenched. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Put your burnt offerings unto your sacrifices, and eat flesh. <span claM
ss="ver">22</span>For I spake not unto your fathers, nor commanded them in the day that I brought them out of the land of Egypt, concerning burnt offerings or sacrifices: <span class="ver">23</span>But this thing commanded I them, saying, Obey my voice, and I will be your God, and ye shall be my people: and walk ye in all the ways that I have commanded you, that it may be well unto you. <span class="ver">24</span>But they hearkened not, nor inclined their ear, but walked in the counsels and in the imagination of thM
eir evil heart, and went backward, and not forward. <span class="ver">25</span>Since the day that your fathers came forth out of the land of Egypt unto this day I have even sent unto you all my servants the prophets, daily rising up early and sending them: <span class="ver">26</span>Yet they hearkened not unto me, nor inclined their ear, but hardened their neck: they did worse than their fathers. <span class="ver">27</span>Therefore thou shalt speak all these words unto them; but they will not hearken to thee: thouM
shalt also call unto them; but they will not answer thee. <span class="ver">28</span>But thou shalt say unto them, This is a nation that obeyeth not the voice of the LORD their God, nor receiveth correction: truth is perished, and is cut off from their mouth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>Cut off thine hair, O Jerusalem, and cast it away, and take up a lamentation on high places; for the LORD hath rejected and forsaken the generation of his wrath. <span class="ver">30</span>For the children of Judah have doM
ne evil in my sight, saith the LORD: they have set their abominations in the house which is called by my name, to pollute it. <span class="ver">31</span>And they have built the high places of Tophet, which is in the valley of the son of Hinnom, to burn their sons and their daughters in the fire; which I commanded them not, neither came it into my heart. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that it shall no more be called Tophet, nor the valley of the son of Hinnom, M
but the valley of slaughter: for they shall bury in Tophet, till there be no place. <span class="ver">33</span>And the carcases of this people shall be meat for the fowls of the heaven, and for the beasts of the earth; and none shall fray them away. <span class="ver">34</span>Then will I cause to cease from the cities of Judah, and from the streets of Jerusalem, the voice of mirth, and the voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom, and the voice of the bride: for the land shall be desolate.
<p><span class="ver">1</span>At that time, saith the LORD, they shall bring out the bones of the kings of Judah, and the bones of his princes, and the bones of the priests, and the bones of the prophets, and the bones of the inhabitants of Jerusalem, out of their graves: <span class="ver">2</span>And they shall spread them before the sun, and the moon, and all the host of heaven, whom they have loved, and whom they have served, and after whom they have walked, and whom they have sought, and whom they M
have worshipped: they shall not be gathered, nor be buried; they shall be for dung upon the face of the earth. <span class="ver">3</span>And death shall be chosen rather than life by all the residue of them that remain of this evil family, which remain in all the places whither I have driven them, saith the LORD of hosts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Moreover thou shalt say unto them, Thus saith the LORD; Shall they fall, and not arise? shall he turn away, and not return? <span class="ver">5</span>Why then iM
s this people of Jerusalem slidden back by a perpetual backsliding? they hold fast deceit, they refuse to return. <span class="ver">6</span>I hearkened and heard, but they spake not aright: no man repented him of his wickedness, saying, What have I done? every one turned to his course, as the horse rusheth into the battle. <span class="ver">7</span>Yea, the stork in the heaven knoweth her appointed times; and the turtle and the crane and the swallow observe the time of their coming; but my people know not the judgmM
ent of the LORD. <span class="ver">8</span>How do ye say, We are wise, and the law of the LORD is with us? Lo, certainly in vain made he it; the pen of the scribes is in vain. <span class="ver">9</span>The wise men are ashamed, they are dismayed and taken: lo, they have rejected the word of the LORD; and what wisdom is in them? <span class="ver">10</span>Therefore will I give their wives unto others, and their fields to them that shall inherit them: for every one from the least even unto the greatest is given to coM
vetousness, from the prophet even unto the priest every one dealeth falsely. <span class="ver">11</span>For they have healed the hurt of the daughter of my people slightly, saying, Peace, peace; when there is no peace. <span class="ver">12</span>Were they ashamed when they had committed abomination? nay, they were not at all ashamed, neither could they blush: therefore shall they fall among them that fall: in the time of their visitation they shall be cast down, saith the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>M
I will surely consume them, saith the LORD: there shall be no grapes on the vine, nor figs on the fig tree, and the leaf shall fade; and the things that I have given them shall pass away from them. <span class="ver">14</span>Why do we sit still? assemble yourselves, and let us enter into the defenced cities, and let us be silent there: for the LORD our God hath put us to silence, and given us water of gall to drink, because we have sinned against the LORD. <span class="ver">15</span>We looked for peace, but no goodM
came; and for a time of health, and behold trouble! <span class="ver">16</span>The snorting of his horses was heard from Dan: the whole land trembled at the sound of the neighing of his strong ones; for they are come, and have devoured the land, and all that is in it; the city, and those that dwell therein. <span class="ver">17</span>For, behold, I will send serpents, cockatrices, among you, which will not be charmed, and they shall bite you, saith the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>When I would comforM
t myself against sorrow, my heart is faint in me. <span class="ver">19</span>Behold the voice of the cry of the daughter of my people because of them that dwell in a far country: Is not the LORD in Zion? is not her king in her? Why have they provoked me to anger with their graven images, and with strange vanities? <span class="ver">20</span>The harvest is past, the summer is ended, and we are not saved. <span class="ver">21</span>For the hurt of the daughter of my people am I hurt; I am black; astonishment hath takM
en hold on me. <span class="ver">22</span>Is there no balm in Gilead; is there no physician there? why then is not the health of the daughter of my people recovered?
<h2 id="c9">Chapter 9</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Oh that my head were waters, and mine eyes a fountain of tears, that I might weep day and night for the slain of the daughter of my people! <span class="ver">2</span>Oh that I had in the wilderness a lodging place of wayfaring men; that I might leave my people, and go from them! for they be M
all adulterers, an assembly of treacherous men. <span class="ver">3</span>And they bend their tongues like their bow for lies: but they are not valiant for the truth upon the earth; for they proceed from evil to evil, and they know not me, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">4</span>Take ye heed every one of his neighbour, and trust ye not in any brother: for every brother will utterly supplant, and every neighbour will walk with slanders. <span class="ver">5</span>And they will deceive every one his neighbour, and wM
ill not speak the truth: they have taught their tongue to speak lies, and weary themselves to commit iniquity. <span class="ver">6</span>Thine habitation is in the midst of deceit; through deceit they refuse to know me, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">7</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts, Behold, I will melt them, and try them; for how shall I do for the daughter of my people? <span class="ver">8</span>Their tongue is as an arrow shot out; it speaketh deceit: one speaketh peaceably to his neighbour withM
his mouth, but in heart he layeth his wait. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Shall I not visit them for these things? saith the LORD: shall not my soul be avenged on such a nation as this? <span class="ver">10</span>For the mountains will I take up a weeping and wailing, and for the habitations of the wilderness a lamentation, because they are burned up, so that none can pass through them; neither can men hear the voice of the cattle; both the fowl of the heavens and the beast are fled; they are gone. <span claM
ss="ver">11</span>And I will make Jerusalem heaps, and a den of dragons; and I will make the cities of Judah desolate, without an inhabitant. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Who is the wise man, that may understand this? and who is he to whom the mouth of the LORD hath spoken, that he may declare it, for what the land perisheth and is burned up like a wilderness, that none passeth through? <span class="ver">13</span>And the LORD saith, Because they have forsaken my law which I set before them, and have not obeM
yed my voice, neither walked therein; <span class="ver">14</span>But have walked after the imagination of their own heart, and after Baalim, which their fathers taught them: <span class="ver">15</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Behold, I will feed them, even this people, with wormwood, and give them water of gall to drink. <span class="ver">16</span>I will scatter them also among the heathen, whom neither they nor their fathers have known: and I will send a sword after them, till I hM
ave consumed them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts, Consider ye, and call for the mourning women, that they may come; and send for cunning women, that they may come: <span class="ver">18</span>And let them make haste, and take up a wailing for us, that our eyes may run down with tears, and our eyelids gush out with waters. <span class="ver">19</span>For a voice of wailing is heard out of Zion, How are we spoiled! we are greatly confounded, because we have forsaken the land, becauseM
our dwellings have cast us out. <span class="ver">20</span>Yet hear the word of the LORD, O ye women, and let your ear receive the word of his mouth, and teach your daughters wailing, and every one her neighbour lamentation. <span class="ver">21</span>For death is come up into our windows, and is entered into our palaces, to cut off the children from without, and the young men from the streets. <span class="ver">22</span>Speak, Thus saith the LORD, Even the carcases of men shall fall as dung upon the open field, aM
nd as the handful after the harvestman, and none shall gather them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>Thus saith the LORD, Let not the wise man glory in his wisdom, neither let the mighty man glory in his might, let not the rich man glory in his riches: <span class="ver">24</span>But let him that glorieth glory in this, that he understandeth and knoweth me, that I am the LORD which exercise lovingkindness, judgment, and righteousness, in the earth: for in these things I delight, saith the LORD. </p>
lass="ver">25</span>Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will punish all them which are circumcised with the uncircumcised; <span class="ver">26</span>Egypt, and Judah, and Edom, and the children of Ammon, and Moab, and all that are in the utmost corners, that dwell in the wilderness: for all these nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in the heart.
<h2 id="c10">Chapter 10</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Hear ye the word which the LORD speaketh unto you, O house oM
f Israel: <span class="ver">2</span>Thus saith the LORD, Learn not the way of the heathen, and be not dismayed at the signs of heaven; for the heathen are dismayed at them. <span class="ver">3</span>For the customs of the people are vain: for one cutteth a tree out of the forest, the work of the hands of the workman, with the axe. <span class="ver">4</span>They deck it with silver and with gold; they fasten it with nails and with hammers, that it move not. <span class="ver">5</span>They are upright as the palm treeM
, but speak not: they must needs be borne, because they cannot go. Be not afraid of them; for they cannot do evil, neither also is it in them to do good. <span class="ver">6</span>Forasmuch as there is none like unto thee, O LORD; thou art great, and thy name is great in might. <span class="ver">7</span>Who would not fear thee, O King of nations? for to thee doth it appertain: forasmuch as among all the wise men of the nations, and in all their kingdoms, there is none like unto thee. <span class="ver">8</span>But tM
hey are altogether brutish and foolish: the stock is a doctrine of vanities. <span class="ver">9</span>Silver spread into plates is brought from Tarshish, and gold from Uphaz, the work of the workman, and of the hands of the founder: blue and purple is their clothing: they are all the work of cunning men. <span class="ver">10</span>But the LORD is the true God, he is the living God, and an everlasting king: at his wrath the earth shall tremble, and the nations shall not be able to abide his indignation. <span classM
="ver">11</span>Thus shall ye say unto them, The gods that have not made the heavens and the earth, even they shall perish from the earth, and from under these heavens. <span class="ver">12</span>He hath made the earth by his power, he hath established the world by his wisdom, and hath stretched out the heavens by his discretion. <span class="ver">13</span>When he uttereth his voice, there is a multitude of waters in the heavens, and he causeth the vapours to ascend from the ends of the earth; he maketh lightnings M
with rain, and bringeth forth the wind out of his treasures. <span class="ver">14</span>Every man is brutish in his knowledge: every founder is confounded by the graven image: for his molten image is falsehood, and there is no breath in them. <span class="ver">15</span>They are vanity, and the work of errors: in the time of their visitation they shall perish. <span class="ver">16</span>The portion of Jacob is not like them: for he is the former of all things; and Israel is the rod of his inheritance: The LORD of hoM
sts is his name. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Gather up thy wares out of the land, O inhabitant of the fortress. <span class="ver">18</span>For thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will sling out the inhabitants of the land at this once, and will distress them, that they may find it so. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Woe is me for my hurt! my wound is grievous: but I said, Truly this is a grief, and I must bear it. <span class="ver">20</span>My tabernacle is spoiled, and all my cords are broken: my childrenM
are gone forth of me, and they are not: there is none to stretch forth my tent any more, and to set up my curtains. <span class="ver">21</span>For the pastors are become brutish, and have not sought the LORD: therefore they shall not prosper, and all their flocks shall be scattered. <span class="ver">22</span>Behold, the noise of the bruit is come, and a great commotion out of the north country, to make the cities of Judah desolate, and a den of dragons. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>O LORD, I know that theM
way of man is not in himself: it is not in man that walketh to direct his steps. <span class="ver">24</span>O LORD, correct me, but with judgment; not in thine anger, lest thou bring me to nothing. <span class="ver">25</span>Pour out thy fury upon the heathen that know thee not, and upon the families that call not on thy name: for they have eaten up Jacob, and devoured him, and consumed him, and have made his habitation desolate.
<h2 id="c11">Chapter 11</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The word that came toM
Jeremiah from the LORD, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Hear ye the words of this covenant, and speak unto the men of Judah, and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem; <span class="ver">3</span>And say thou unto them, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel; Cursed be the man that obeyeth not the words of this covenant, <span class="ver">4</span>Which I commanded your fathers in the day that I brought them forth out of the land of Egypt, from the iron furnace, saying, Obey my voice, and do them, according to all which I comM
mand you: so shall ye be my people, and I will be your God: <span class="ver">5</span>That I may perform the oath which I have sworn unto your fathers, to give them a land flowing with milk and honey, as it is this day. Then answered I, and said, So be it, O LORD. <span class="ver">6</span>Then the LORD said unto me, Proclaim all these words in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem, saying, Hear ye the words of this covenant, and do them. <span class="ver">7</span>For I earnestly protested unto your M
fathers in the day that I brought them up out of the land of Egypt, even unto this day, rising early and protesting, saying, Obey my voice. <span class="ver">8</span>Yet they obeyed not, nor inclined their ear, but walked every one in the imagination of their evil heart: therefore I will bring upon them all the words of this covenant, which I commanded them to do; but they did them not. <span class="ver">9</span>And the LORD said unto me, A conspiracy is found among the men of Judah, and among the inhabitants of JeM
rusalem. <span class="ver">10</span>They are turned back to the iniquities of their forefathers, which refused to hear my words; and they went after other gods to serve them: the house of Israel and the house of Judah have broken my covenant which I made with their fathers. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will bring evil upon them, which they shall not be able to escape; and though they shall cry unto me, I will not hearken unto them. <span class="ver">12</span>Then shaM
ll the cities of Judah and inhabitants of Jerusalem go, and cry unto the gods unto whom they offer incense: but they shall not save them at all in the time of their trouble. <span class="ver">13</span>For according to the number of thy cities were thy gods, O Judah; and according to the number of the streets of Jerusalem have ye set up altars to that shameful thing, even altars to burn incense unto Baal. <span class="ver">14</span>Therefore pray not thou for this people, neither lift up a cry or prayer for them: foM
r I will not hear them in the time that they cry unto me for their trouble. <span class="ver">15</span>What hath my beloved to do in mine house, seeing she hath wrought lewdness with many, and the holy flesh is passed from thee? when thou doest evil, then thou rejoicest. <span class="ver">16</span>The LORD called thy name, A green olive tree, fair, and of goodly fruit: with the noise of a great tumult he hath kindled fire upon it, and the branches of it are broken. <span class="ver">17</span>For the LORD of hosts, M
that planted thee, hath pronounced evil against thee, for the evil of the house of Israel and of the house of Judah, which they have done against themselves to provoke me to anger in offering incense unto Baal. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And the LORD hath given me knowledge of it, and I know it: then thou shewedst me their doings. <span class="ver">19</span>But I was like a lamb or an ox that is brought to the slaughter; and I knew not that they had devised devices against me, saying, Let us destroy the tM
ree with the fruit thereof, and let us cut him off from the land of the living, that his name may be no more remembered. <span class="ver">20</span>But, O LORD of hosts, that judgest righteously, that triest the reins and the heart, let me see thy vengeance on them: for unto thee have I revealed my cause. <span class="ver">21</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD of the men of Anathoth, that seek thy life, saying, Prophesy not in the name of the LORD, that thou die not by our hand: <span class="ver">22</span>ThereforM
e thus saith the LORD of hosts, Behold, I will punish them: the young men shall die by the sword; their sons and their daughters shall die by famine: <span class="ver">23</span>And there shall be no remnant of them: for I will bring evil upon the men of Anathoth, even the year of their visitation.
<h2 id="c12">Chapter 12</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Righteous art thou, O LORD, when I plead with thee: yet let me talk with thee of thy judgments: Wherefore doth the way of the wicked prosper? wherefore are aM
ll they happy that deal very treacherously? <span class="ver">2</span>Thou hast planted them, yea, they have taken root: they grow, yea, they bring forth fruit: thou art near in their mouth, and far from their reins. <span class="ver">3</span>But thou, O LORD, knowest me: thou hast seen me, and tried mine heart toward thee: pull them out like sheep for the slaughter, and prepare them for the day of slaughter. <span class="ver">4</span>How long shall the land mourn, and the herbs of every field wither, for the wickeM
dness of them that dwell therein? the beasts are consumed, and the birds; because they said, He shall not see our last end. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>If thou hast run with the footmen, and they have wearied thee, then how canst thou contend with horses? and if in the land of peace, wherein thou trustedst, they wearied thee, then how wilt thou do in the swelling of Jordan? <span class="ver">6</span>For even thy brethren, and the house of thy father, even they have dealt treacherously with thee; yea, they hM
ave called a multitude after thee: believe them not, though they speak fair words unto thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>I have forsaken mine house, I have left mine heritage; I have given the dearly beloved of my soul into the hand of her enemies. <span class="ver">8</span>Mine heritage is unto me as a lion in the forest; it crieth out against me: therefore have I hated it. <span class="ver">9</span>Mine heritage is unto me as a speckled bird, the birds round about are against her; come ye, assemble all thM
e beasts of the field, come to devour. <span class="ver">10</span>Many pastors have destroyed my vineyard, they have trodden my portion under foot, they have made my pleasant portion a desolate wilderness. <span class="ver">11</span>They have made it desolate, and being desolate it mourneth unto me; the whole land is made desolate, because no man layeth it to heart. <span class="ver">12</span>The spoilers are come upon all high places through the wilderness: for the sword of the LORD shall devour from the one end oM
f the land even to the other end of the land: no flesh shall have peace. <span class="ver">13</span>They have sown wheat, but shall reap thorns: they have put themselves to pain, but shall not profit: and they shall be ashamed of your revenues because of the fierce anger of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Thus saith the LORD against all mine evil neighbours, that touch the inheritance which I have caused my people Israel to inherit; Behold, I will pluck them out of their land, and pluck out the houseM
of Judah from among them. <span class="ver">15</span>And it shall come to pass, after that I have plucked them out I will return, and have compassion on them, and will bring them again, every man to his heritage, and every man to his land. <span class="ver">16</span>And it shall come to pass, if they will diligently learn the ways of my people, to swear by my name, The LORD liveth; as they taught my people to swear by Baal; then shall they be built in the midst of my people. <span class="ver">17</span>But if they M
will not obey, I will utterly pluck up and destroy that nation, saith the LORD.
<h2 id="c13">Chapter 13</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Thus saith the LORD unto me, Go and get thee a linen girdle, and put it upon thy loins, and put it not in water. <span class="ver">2</span>So I got a girdle according to the word of the LORD, and put it on my loins. <span class="ver">3</span>And the word of the LORD came unto me the second time, saying, <span class="ver">4</span>Take the girdle that thou hast got, which is M
upon thy loins, and arise, go to Euphrates, and hide it there in a hole of the rock. <span class="ver">5</span>So I went, and hid it by Euphrates, as the LORD commanded me. <span class="ver">6</span>And it came to pass after many days, that the LORD said unto me, Arise, go to Euphrates, and take the girdle from thence, which I commanded thee to hide there. <span class="ver">7</span>Then I went to Euphrates, and digged, and took the girdle from the place where I had hid it: and, behold, the girdle was marred, it wasM
profitable for nothing. <span class="ver">8</span>Then the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">9</span>Thus saith the LORD, After this manner will I mar the pride of Judah, and the great pride of Jerusalem. <span class="ver">10</span>This evil people, which refuse to hear my words, which walk in the imagination of their heart, and walk after other gods, to serve them, and to worship them, shall even be as this girdle, which is good for nothing. <span class="ver">11</span>For as the girdle cleaM
veth to the loins of a man, so have I caused to cleave unto me the whole house of Israel and the whole house of Judah, saith the LORD; that they might be unto me for a people, and for a name, and for a praise, and for a glory: but they would not hear. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Therefore thou shalt speak unto them this word; Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Every bottle shall be filled with wine: and they shall say unto thee, Do we not certainly know that every bottle shall be filled with wine? <span clM
ass="ver">13</span>Then shalt thou say unto them, Thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will fill all the inhabitants of this land, even the kings that sit upon David
s throne, and the priests, and the prophets, and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem, with drunkenness. <span class="ver">14</span>And I will dash them one against another, even the fathers and the sons together, saith the LORD: I will not pity, nor spare, nor have mercy, but destroy them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Hear ye, and give ear; be not proM
ud: for the LORD hath spoken. <span class="ver">16</span>Give glory to the LORD your God, before he cause darkness, and before your feet stumble upon the dark mountains, and, while ye look for light, he turn it into the shadow of death, and make it gross darkness. <span class="ver">17</span>But if ye will not hear it, my soul shall weep in secret places for your pride; and mine eye shall weep sore, and run down with tears, because the LORD
s flock is carried away captive. <span class="ver">18</span>Say unto the kM
ing and to the queen, Humble yourselves, sit down: for your principalities shall come down, even the crown of your glory. <span class="ver">19</span>The cities of the south shall be shut up, and none shall open them: Judah shall be carried away captive all of it, it shall be wholly carried away captive. <span class="ver">20</span>Lift up your eyes, and behold them that come from the north: where is the flock that was given thee, thy beautiful flock? <span class="ver">21</span>What wilt thou say when he shall punishM
thee? for thou hast taught them to be captains, and as chief over thee: shall not sorrows take thee, as a woman in travail? </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And if thou say in thine heart, Wherefore come these things upon me? For the greatness of thine iniquity are thy skirts discovered, and thy heels made bare. <span class="ver">23</span>Can the Ethiopian change his skin, or the leopard his spots? then may ye also do good, that are accustomed to do evil. <span class="ver">24</span>Therefore will I scatter theM
m as the stubble that passeth away by the wind of the wilderness. <span class="ver">25</span>This is thy lot, the portion of thy measures from me, saith the LORD; because thou hast forgotten me, and trusted in falsehood. <span class="ver">26</span>Therefore will I discover thy skirts upon thy face, that thy shame may appear. <span class="ver">27</span>I have seen thine adulteries, and thy neighings, the lewdness of thy whoredom, and thine abominations on the hills in the fields. Woe unto thee, O Jerusalem! wilt thoM
u not be made clean? when shall it once be?
<h2 id="c14">Chapter 14</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah concerning the dearth. <span class="ver">2</span>Judah mourneth, and the gates thereof languish; they are black unto the ground; and the cry of Jerusalem is gone up. <span class="ver">3</span>And their nobles have sent their little ones to the waters: they came to the pits, and found no water; they returned with their vessels empty; they were ashamed and confounded, M
and covered their heads. <span class="ver">4</span>Because the ground is chapt, for there was no rain in the earth, the plowmen were ashamed, they covered their heads. <span class="ver">5</span>Yea, the hind also calved in the field, and forsook it, because there was no grass. <span class="ver">6</span>And the wild asses did stand in the high places, they snuffed up the wind like dragons; their eyes did fail, because there was no grass. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>O LORD, though our iniquities testify againM
st us, do thou it for thy name
s sake: for our backslidings are many; we have sinned against thee. <span class="ver">8</span>O the hope of Israel, the saviour thereof in time of trouble, why shouldest thou be as a stranger in the land, and as a wayfaring man that turneth aside to tarry for a night? <span class="ver">9</span>Why shouldest thou be as a man astonied, as a mighty man that cannot save? yet thou, O LORD, art in the midst of us, and we are called by thy name; leave us not. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10M
</span>Thus saith the LORD unto this people, Thus have they loved to wander, they have not refrained their feet, therefore the LORD doth not accept them; he will now remember their iniquity, and visit their sins. <span class="ver">11</span>Then said the LORD unto me, Pray not for this people for their good. <span class="ver">12</span>When they fast, I will not hear their cry; and when they offer burnt offering and an oblation, I will not accept them: but I will consume them by the sword, and by the famine, and by tM
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Then said I, Ah, Lord GOD! behold, the prophets say unto them, Ye shall not see the sword, neither shall ye have famine; but I will give you assured peace in this place. <span class="ver">14</span>Then the LORD said unto me, The prophets prophesy lies in my name: I sent them not, neither have I commanded them, neither spake unto them: they prophesy unto you a false vision and divination, and a thing of nought, and the deceit of their heart. <span class="ver">15</sM
pan>Therefore thus saith the LORD concerning the prophets that prophesy in my name, and I sent them not, yet they say, Sword and famine shall not be in this land; By sword and famine shall those prophets be consumed. <span class="ver">16</span>And the people to whom they prophesy shall be cast out in the streets of Jerusalem because of the famine and the sword; and they shall have none to bury them, them, their wives, nor their sons, nor their daughters: for I will pour their wickedness upon them. </p>
lass="ver">17</span>Therefore thou shalt say this word unto them; Let mine eyes run down with tears night and day, and let them not cease: for the virgin daughter of my people is broken with a great breach, with a very grievous blow. <span class="ver">18</span>If I go forth into the field, then behold the slain with the sword! and if I enter into the city, then behold them that are sick with famine! yea, both the prophet and the priest go about into a land that they know not. <span class="ver">19</span>Hast thou utM
terly rejected Judah? hath thy soul lothed Zion? why hast thou smitten us, and there is no healing for us? we looked for peace, and there is no good; and for the time of healing, and behold trouble! <span class="ver">20</span>We acknowledge, O LORD, our wickedness, and the iniquity of our fathers: for we have sinned against thee. <span class="ver">21</span>Do not abhor us, for thy name
s sake, do not disgrace the throne of thy glory: remember, break not thy covenant with us. <span class="ver">22</span>Are there aM
ny among the vanities of the Gentiles that can cause rain? or can the heavens give showers? art not thou he, O LORD our God? therefore we will wait upon thee: for thou hast made all these things.
<h2 id="c15">Chapter 15</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then said the LORD unto me, Though Moses and Samuel stood before me, yet my mind could not be toward this people: cast them out of my sight, and let them go forth. <span class="ver">2</span>And it shall come to pass, if they say unto thee, Whither shall we go M
forth? then thou shalt tell them, Thus saith the LORD; Such as are for death, to death; and such as are for the sword, to the sword; and such as are for the famine, to the famine; and such as are for the captivity, to the captivity. <span class="ver">3</span>And I will appoint over them four kinds, saith the LORD: the sword to slay, and the dogs to tear, and the fowls of the heaven, and the beasts of the earth, to devour and destroy. <span class="ver">4</span>And I will cause them to be removed into all kingdoms ofM
the earth, because of Manasseh the son of Hezekiah king of Judah, for that which he did in Jerusalem. <span class="ver">5</span>For who shall have pity upon thee, O Jerusalem? or who shall bemoan thee? or who shall go aside to ask how thou doest? <span class="ver">6</span>Thou hast forsaken me, saith the LORD, thou art gone backward: therefore will I stretch out my hand against thee, and destroy thee; I am weary with repenting. <span class="ver">7</span>And I will fan them with a fan in the gates of the land; I wiM
ll bereave them of children, I will destroy my people, since they return not from their ways. <span class="ver">8</span>Their widows are increased to me above the sand of the seas: I have brought upon them against the mother of the young men a spoiler at noonday: I have caused him to fall upon it suddenly, and terrors upon the city. <span class="ver">9</span>She that hath borne seven languisheth: she hath given up the ghost; her sun is gone down while it was yet day: she hath been ashamed and confounded: and the reM
sidue of them will I deliver to the sword before their enemies, saith the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Woe is me, my mother, that thou hast borne me a man of strife and a man of contention to the whole earth! I have neither lent on usury, nor men have lent to me on usury; yet every one of them doth curse me. <span class="ver">11</span>The LORD said, Verily it shall be well with thy remnant; verily I will cause the enemy to entreat thee well in the time of evil and in the time of affliction. <span clasM
s="ver">12</span>Shall iron break the northern iron and the steel? <span class="ver">13</span>Thy substance and thy treasures will I give to the spoil without price, and that for all thy sins, even in all thy borders. <span class="ver">14</span>And I will make thee to pass with thine enemies into a land which thou knowest not: for a fire is kindled in mine anger, which shall burn upon you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>O LORD, thou knowest: remember me, and visit me, and revenge me of my persecutors; take meM
not away in thy longsuffering: know that for thy sake I have suffered rebuke. <span class="ver">16</span>Thy words were found, and I did eat them; and thy word was unto me the joy and rejoicing of mine heart: for I am called by thy name, O LORD God of hosts. <span class="ver">17</span>I sat not in the assembly of the mockers, nor rejoiced; I sat alone because of thy hand: for thou hast filled me with indignation. <span class="ver">18</span>Why is my pain perpetual, and my wound incurable, which refuseth to be healM
ed? wilt thou be altogether unto me as a liar, and as waters that fail? </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD, If thou return, then will I bring thee again, and thou shalt stand before me: and if thou take forth the precious from the vile, thou shalt be as my mouth: let them return unto thee; but return not thou unto them. <span class="ver">20</span>And I will make thee unto this people a fenced brasen wall: and they shall fight against thee, but they shall not prevail against thee: forM
I am with thee to save thee and to deliver thee, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">21</span>And I will deliver thee out of the hand of the wicked, and I will redeem thee out of the hand of the terrible.
<h2 id="c16">Chapter 16</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The word of the LORD came also unto me, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Thou shalt not take thee a wife, neither shalt thou have sons or daughters in this place. <span class="ver">3</span>For thus saith the LORD concerning the sons and concerning theM
daughters that are born in this place, and concerning their mothers that bare them, and concerning their fathers that begat them in this land; <span class="ver">4</span>They shall die of grievous deaths; they shall not be lamented; neither shall they be buried; but they shall be as dung upon the face of the earth: and they shall be consumed by the sword, and by famine; and their carcases shall be meat for the fowls of heaven, and for the beasts of the earth. <span class="ver">5</span>For thus saith the LORD, EnterM
not into the house of mourning, neither go to lament nor bemoan them: for I have taken away my peace from this people, saith the LORD, even lovingkindness and mercies. <span class="ver">6</span>Both the great and the small shall die in this land: they shall not be buried, neither shall men lament for them, nor cut themselves, nor make themselves bald for them: <span class="ver">7</span>Neither shall men tear themselves for them in mourning, to comfort them for the dead; neither shall men give them the cup of consoM
lation to drink for their father or for their mother. <span class="ver">8</span>Thou shalt not also go into the house of feasting, to sit with them to eat and to drink. <span class="ver">9</span>For thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Behold, I will cause to cease out of this place in your eyes, and in your days, the voice of mirth, and the voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom, and the voice of the bride. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And it shall come to pass, when thou shalt shew thiM
s people all these words, and they shall say unto thee, Wherefore hath the LORD pronounced all this great evil against us? or what is our iniquity? or what is our sin that we have committed against the LORD our God? <span class="ver">11</span>Then shalt thou say unto them, Because your fathers have forsaken me, saith the LORD, and have walked after other gods, and have served them, and have worshipped them, and have forsaken me, and have not kept my law; <span class="ver">12</span>And ye have done worse than your fM
athers; for, behold, ye walk every one after the imagination of his evil heart, that they may not hearken unto me: <span class="ver">13</span>Therefore will I cast you out of this land into a land that ye know not, neither ye nor your fathers; and there shall ye serve other gods day and night; where I will not shew you favour. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that it shall no more be said, The LORD liveth, that brought up the children of Israel out of the land oM
f Egypt; <span class="ver">15</span>But, The LORD liveth, that brought up the children of Israel from the land of the north, and from all the lands whither he had driven them: and I will bring them again into their land that I gave unto their fathers. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Behold, I will send for many fishers, saith the LORD, and they shall fish them; and after will I send for many hunters, and they shall hunt them from every mountain, and from every hill, and out of the holes of the rocks. <span claM
ss="ver">17</span>For mine eyes are upon all their ways: they are not hid from my face, neither is their iniquity hid from mine eyes. <span class="ver">18</span>And first I will recompense their iniquity and their sin double; because they have defiled my land, they have filled mine inheritance with the carcases of their detestable and abominable things. <span class="ver">19</span>O LORD, my strength, and my fortress, and my refuge in the day of affliction, the Gentiles shall come unto thee from the ends of the eartM
h, and shall say, Surely our fathers have inherited lies, vanity, and things wherein there is no profit. <span class="ver">20</span>Shall a man make gods unto himself, and they are no gods? <span class="ver">21</span>Therefore, behold, I will this once cause them to know, I will cause them to know mine hand and my might; and they shall know that my name is The LORD.
<h2 id="c17">Chapter 17</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The sin of Judah is written with a pen of iron, and with the point of a diamond: it is M
graven upon the table of their heart, and upon the horns of your altars; <span class="ver">2</span>Whilst their children remember their altars and their groves by the green trees upon the high hills. <span class="ver">3</span>O my mountain in the field, I will give thy substance and all thy treasures to the spoil, and thy high places for sin, throughout all thy borders. <span class="ver">4</span>And thou, even thyself, shalt discontinue from thine heritage that I gave thee; and I will cause thee to serve thine enemM
ies in the land which thou knowest not: for ye have kindled a fire in mine anger, which shall burn for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Thus saith the LORD; Cursed be the man that trusteth in man, and maketh flesh his arm, and whose heart departeth from the LORD. <span class="ver">6</span>For he shall be like the heath in the desert, and shall not see when good cometh; but shall inhabit the parched places in the wilderness, in a salt land and not inhabited. <span class="ver">7</span>Blessed is the man thatM
trusteth in the LORD, and whose hope the LORD is. <span class="ver">8</span>For he shall be as a tree planted by the waters, and that spreadeth out her roots by the river, and shall not see when heat cometh, but her leaf shall be green; and shall not be careful in the year of drought, neither shall cease from yielding fruit. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>The heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately wicked: who can know it? <span class="ver">10</span>I the LORD search the heart, I try the reins, eM
ven to give every man according to his ways, and according to the fruit of his doings. <span class="ver">11</span>As the partridge sitteth on eggs, and hatcheth them not; so he that getteth riches, and not by right, shall leave them in the midst of his days, and at his end shall be a fool. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>A glorious high throne from the beginning is the place of our sanctuary. <span class="ver">13</span>O LORD, the hope of Israel, all that forsake thee shall be ashamed, and they that depart froM
m me shall be written in the earth, because they have forsaken the LORD, the fountain of living waters. <span class="ver">14</span>Heal me, O LORD, and I shall be healed; save me, and I shall be saved: for thou art my praise. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Behold, they say unto me, Where is the word of the LORD? let it come now. <span class="ver">16</span>As for me, I have not hastened from being a pastor to follow thee: neither have I desired the woeful day; thou knowest: that which came out of my lips was rM
ight before thee. <span class="ver">17</span>Be not a terror unto me: thou art my hope in the day of evil. <span class="ver">18</span>Let them be confounded that persecute me, but let not me be confounded: let them be dismayed, but let not me be dismayed: bring upon them the day of evil, and destroy them with double destruction. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Thus said the LORD unto me; Go and stand in the gate of the children of the people, whereby the kings of Judah come in, and by the which they go out, anM
d in all the gates of Jerusalem; <span class="ver">20</span>And say unto them, Hear ye the word of the LORD, ye kings of Judah, and all Judah, and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem, that enter in by these gates: <span class="ver">21</span>Thus saith the LORD; Take heed to yourselves, and bear no burden on the sabbath day, nor bring it in by the gates of Jerusalem; <span class="ver">22</span>Neither carry forth a burden out of your houses on the sabbath day, neither do ye any work, but hallow ye the sabbath day, as IM
commanded your fathers. <span class="ver">23</span>But they obeyed not, neither inclined their ear, but made their neck stiff, that they might not hear, nor receive instruction. <span class="ver">24</span>And it shall come to pass, if ye diligently hearken unto me, saith the LORD, to bring in no burden through the gates of this city on the sabbath day, but hallow the sabbath day, to do no work therein; <span class="ver">25</span>Then shall there enter into the gates of this city kings and princes sitting upon the M
throne of David, riding in chariots and on horses, they, and their princes, the men of Judah, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem: and this city shall remain for ever. <span class="ver">26</span>And they shall come from the cities of Judah, and from the places about Jerusalem, and from the land of Benjamin, and from the plain, and from the mountains, and from the south, bringing burnt offerings, and sacrifices, and meat offerings, and incense, and bringing sacrifices of praise, unto the house of the LORD. <span class=M
"ver">27</span>But if ye will not hearken unto me to hallow the sabbath day, and not to bear a burden, even entering in at the gates of Jerusalem on the sabbath day; then will I kindle a fire in the gates thereof, and it shall devour the palaces of Jerusalem, and it shall not be quenched.
<h2 id="c18">Chapter 18</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The word which came to Jeremiah from the LORD, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Arise, and go down to the potter
s house, and there I will cause thee to hear my woM
rds. <span class="ver">3</span>Then I went down to the potter
s house, and, behold, he wrought a work on the wheels. <span class="ver">4</span>And the vessel that he made of clay was marred in the hand of the potter: so he made it again another vessel, as seemed good to the potter to make it. <span class="ver">5</span>Then the word of the LORD came to me, saying, <span class="ver">6</span>O house of Israel, cannot I do with you as this potter? saith the LORD. Behold, as the clay is in the potter
ye in mine hand, O house of Israel. <span class="ver">7</span>At what instant I shall speak concerning a nation, and concerning a kingdom, to pluck up, and to pull down, and to destroy it; <span class="ver">8</span>If that nation, against whom I have pronounced, turn from their evil, I will repent of the evil that I thought to do unto them. <span class="ver">9</span>And at what instant I shall speak concerning a nation, and concerning a kingdom, to build and to plant it; <span class="ver">10</span>If it do evil in M
my sight, that it obey not my voice, then I will repent of the good, wherewith I said I would benefit them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Now therefore go to, speak to the men of Judah, and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, saying, Thus saith the LORD; Behold, I frame evil against you, and devise a device against you: return ye now every one from his evil way, and make your ways and your doings good. <span class="ver">12</span>And they said, There is no hope: but we will walk after our own devices, and we wilM
l every one do the imagination of his evil heart. <span class="ver">13</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD; Ask ye now among the heathen, who hath heard such things: the virgin of Israel hath done a very horrible thing. <span class="ver">14</span>Will a man leave the snow of Lebanon which cometh from the rock of the field? or shall the cold flowing waters that come from another place be forsaken? <span class="ver">15</span>Because my people hath forgotten me, they have burned incense to vanity, and they have causedM
them to stumble in their ways from the ancient paths, to walk in paths, in a way not cast up; <span class="ver">16</span>To make their land desolate, and a perpetual hissing; every one that passeth thereby shall be astonished, and wag his head. <span class="ver">17</span>I will scatter them as with an east wind before the enemy; I will shew them the back, and not the face, in the day of their calamity. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Then said they, Come, and let us devise devices against Jeremiah; for the laM
w shall not perish from the priest, nor counsel from the wise, nor the word from the prophet. Come, and let us smite him with the tongue, and let us not give heed to any of his words. <span class="ver">19</span>Give heed to me, O LORD, and hearken to the voice of them that contend with me. <span class="ver">20</span>Shall evil be recompensed for good? for they have digged a pit for my soul. Remember that I stood before thee to speak good for them, and to turn away thy wrath from them. <span class="ver">21</span>TheM
refore deliver up their children to the famine, and pour out their blood by the force of the sword; and let their wives be bereaved of their children, and be widows; and let their men be put to death; let their young men be slain by the sword in battle. <span class="ver">22</span>Let a cry be heard from their houses, when thou shalt bring a troop suddenly upon them: for they have digged a pit to take me, and hid snares for my feet. <span class="ver">23</span>Yet, LORD, thou knowest all their counsel against me to sM
lay me: forgive not their iniquity, neither blot out their sin from thy sight, but let them be overthrown before thee; deal thus with them in the time of thine anger.
<h2 id="c19">Chapter 19</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Thus saith the LORD, Go and get a potter
s earthen bottle, and take of the ancients of the people, and of the ancients of the priests; <span class="ver">2</span>And go forth unto the valley of the son of Hinnom, which is by the entry of the east gate, and proclaim there the words that IM
shall tell thee, <span class="ver">3</span>And say, Hear ye the word of the LORD, O kings of Judah, and inhabitants of Jerusalem; Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Behold, I will bring evil upon this place, the which whosoever heareth, his ears shall tingle. <span class="ver">4</span>Because they have forsaken me, and have estranged this place, and have burned incense in it unto other gods, whom neither they nor their fathers have known, nor the kings of Judah, and have filled this place with the blM
ood of innocents; <span class="ver">5</span>They have built also the high places of Baal, to burn their sons with fire for burnt offerings unto Baal, which I commanded not, nor spake it, neither came it into my mind: <span class="ver">6</span>Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that this place shall no more be called Tophet, nor The valley of the son of Hinnom, but The valley of slaughter. <span class="ver">7</span>And I will make void the counsel of Judah and Jerusalem in this place; and I will causeM
them to fall by the sword before their enemies, and by the hands of them that seek their lives: and their carcases will I give to be meat for the fowls of the heaven, and for the beasts of the earth. <span class="ver">8</span>And I will make this city desolate, and an hissing; every one that passeth thereby shall be astonished and hiss because of all the plagues thereof. <span class="ver">9</span>And I will cause them to eat the flesh of their sons and the flesh of their daughters, and they shall eat every one theM
flesh of his friend in the siege and straitness, wherewith their enemies, and they that seek their lives, shall straiten them. <span class="ver">10</span>Then shalt thou break the bottle in the sight of the men that go with thee, <span class="ver">11</span>And shalt say unto them, Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Even so will I break this people and this city, as one breaketh a potter
s vessel, that cannot be made whole again: and they shall bury them in Tophet, till there be no place to bury. <span class="ver">12<M
/span>Thus will I do unto this place, saith the LORD, and to the inhabitants thereof, and even make this city as Tophet: <span class="ver">13</span>And the houses of Jerusalem, and the houses of the kings of Judah, shall be defiled as the place of Tophet, because of all the houses upon whose roofs they have burned incense unto all the host of heaven, and have poured out drink offerings unto other gods. <span class="ver">14</span>Then came Jeremiah from Tophet, whither the LORD had sent him to prophesy; and he stoodM
in the court of the LORD
s house; and said to all the people, <span class="ver">15</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Behold, I will bring upon this city and upon all her towns all the evil that I have pronounced against it, because they have hardened their necks, that they might not hear my words.
<h2 id="c20">Chapter 20</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now Pashur the son of Immer the priest, who was also chief governor in the house of the LORD, heard that Jeremiah prophesied these thM
ings. <span class="ver">2</span>Then Pashur smote Jeremiah the prophet, and put him in the stocks that were in the high gate of Benjamin, which was by the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">3</span>And it came to pass on the morrow, that Pashur brought forth Jeremiah out of the stocks. Then said Jeremiah unto him, The LORD hath not called thy name Pashur, but Magor-missabib. <span class="ver">4</span>For thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will make thee a terror to thyself, and to all thy friends: and they shall fallM
by the sword of their enemies, and thine eyes shall behold it: and I will give all Judah into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he shall carry them captive into Babylon, and shall slay them with the sword. <span class="ver">5</span>Moreover I will deliver all the strength of this city, and all the labours thereof, and all the precious things thereof, and all the treasures of the kings of Judah will I give into the hand of their enemies, which shall spoil them, and take them, and carry them to Babylon. <span claM
ss="ver">6</span>And thou, Pashur, and all that dwell in thine house shall go into captivity: and thou shalt come to Babylon, and there thou shalt die, and shalt be buried there, thou, and all thy friends, to whom thou hast prophesied lies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>O LORD, thou hast deceived me, and I was deceived: thou art stronger than I, and hast prevailed: I am in derision daily, every one mocketh me. <span class="ver">8</span>For since I spake, I cried out, I cried violence and spoil; because the woM
rd of the LORD was made a reproach unto me, and a derision, daily. <span class="ver">9</span>Then I said, I will not make mention of him, nor speak any more in his name. But his word was in mine heart as a burning fire shut up in my bones, and I was weary with forbearing, and I could not stay. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>For I heard the defaming of many, fear on every side. Report, say they, and we will report it. All my familiars watched for my halting, saying, Peradventure he will be enticed, and we shalM
l prevail against him, and we shall take our revenge on him. <span class="ver">11</span>But the LORD is with me as a mighty terrible one: therefore my persecutors shall stumble, and they shall not prevail: they shall be greatly ashamed; for they shall not prosper: their everlasting confusion shall never be forgotten. <span class="ver">12</span>But, O LORD of hosts, that triest the righteous, and seest the reins and the heart, let me see thy vengeance on them: for unto thee have I opened my cause. <span class="ver">M
13</span>Sing unto the LORD, praise ye the LORD: for he hath delivered the soul of the poor from the hand of evildoers. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Cursed be the day wherein I was born: let not the day wherein my mother bare me be blessed. <span class="ver">15</span>Cursed be the man who brought tidings to my father, saying, A man child is born unto thee; making him very glad. <span class="ver">16</span>And let that man be as the cities which the LORD overthrew, and repented not: and let him hear the cry iM
n the morning, and the shouting at noontide; <span class="ver">17</span>Because he slew me not from the womb; or that my mother might have been my grave, and her womb to be always great with me. <span class="ver">18</span>Wherefore came I forth out of the womb to see labour and sorrow, that my days should be consumed with shame?
<h2 id="c21">Chapter 21</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The word which came unto Jeremiah from the LORD, when king Zedekiah sent unto him Pashur the son of Melchiah, and Zephaniah tM
he son of Maaseiah the priest, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Enquire, I pray thee, of the LORD for us; for Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon maketh war against us; if so be that the LORD will deal with us according to all his wondrous works, that he may go up from us. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Then said Jeremiah unto them, Thus shall ye say to Zedekiah: <span class="ver">4</span>Thus saith the LORD God of Israel; Behold, I will turn back the weapons of war that are in your hands, wherewith ye fight againM
st the king of Babylon, and against the Chaldeans, which besiege you without the walls, and I will assemble them into the midst of this city. <span class="ver">5</span>And I myself will fight against you with an outstretched hand and with a strong arm, even in anger, and in fury, and in great wrath. <span class="ver">6</span>And I will smite the inhabitants of this city, both man and beast: they shall die of a great pestilence. <span class="ver">7</span>And afterward, saith the LORD, I will deliver Zedekiah king ofM
Judah, and his servants, and the people, and such as are left in this city from the pestilence, from the sword, and from the famine, into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, and into the hand of their enemies, and into the hand of those that seek their life: and he shall smite them with the edge of the sword; he shall not spare them, neither have pity, nor have mercy. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And unto this people thou shalt say, Thus saith the LORD; Behold, I set before you the way of life, and M
the way of death. <span class="ver">9</span>He that abideth in this city shall die by the sword, and by the famine, and by the pestilence: but he that goeth out, and falleth to the Chaldeans that besiege you, he shall live, and his life shall be unto him for a prey. <span class="ver">10</span>For I have set my face against this city for evil, and not for good, saith the LORD: it shall be given into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he shall burn it with fire. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And touching theM
house of the king of Judah, say, Hear ye the word of the LORD; <span class="ver">12</span>O house of David, thus saith the LORD; Execute judgment in the morning, and deliver him that is spoiled out of the hand of the oppressor, lest my fury go out like fire, and burn that none can quench it, because of the evil of your doings. <span class="ver">13</span>Behold, I am against thee, O inhabitant of the valley, and rock of the plain, saith the LORD; which say, Who shall come down against us? or who shall enter into ouM
r habitations? <span class="ver">14</span>But I will punish you according to the fruit of your doings, saith the LORD: and I will kindle a fire in the forest thereof, and it shall devour all things round about it.
<h2 id="c22">Chapter 22</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Thus saith the LORD; Go down to the house of the king of Judah, and speak there this word, <span class="ver">2</span>And say, Hear the word of the LORD, O king of Judah, that sittest upon the throne of David, thou, and thy servants, and thy pM
eople that enter in by these gates: <span class="ver">3</span>Thus saith the LORD; Execute ye judgment and righteousness, and deliver the spoiled out of the hand of the oppressor: and do no wrong, do no violence to the stranger, the fatherless, nor the widow, neither shed innocent blood in this place. <span class="ver">4</span>For if ye do this thing indeed, then shall there enter in by the gates of this house kings sitting upon the throne of David, riding in chariots and on horses, he, and his servants, and his peM
ople. <span class="ver">5</span>But if ye will not hear these words, I swear by myself, saith the LORD, that this house shall become a desolation. <span class="ver">6</span>For thus saith the LORD unto the king
s house of Judah; Thou art Gilead unto me, and the head of Lebanon: yet surely I will make thee a wilderness, and cities which are not inhabited. <span class="ver">7</span>And I will prepare destroyers against thee, every one with his weapons: and they shall cut down thy choice cedars, and cast them into tM
he fire. <span class="ver">8</span>And many nations shall pass by this city, and they shall say every man to his neighbour, Wherefore hath the LORD done thus unto this great city? <span class="ver">9</span>Then they shall answer, Because they have forsaken the covenant of the LORD their God, and worshipped other gods, and served them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Weep ye not for the dead, neither bemoan him: but weep sore for him that goeth away: for he shall return no more, nor see his native country. <spaM
n class="ver">11</span>For thus saith the LORD touching Shallum the son of Josiah king of Judah, which reigned instead of Josiah his father, which went forth out of this place; He shall not return thither any more: <span class="ver">12</span>But he shall die in the place whither they have led him captive, and shall see this land no more. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Woe unto him that buildeth his house by unrighteousness, and his chambers by wrong; that useth his neighbour
s service without wages, and givM
eth him not for his work; <span class="ver">14</span>That saith, I will build me a wide house and large chambers, and cutteth him out windows; and it is cieled with cedar, and painted with vermilion. <span class="ver">15</span>Shalt thou reign, because thou closest thyself in cedar? did not thy father eat and drink, and do judgment and justice, and then it was well with him? <span class="ver">16</span>He judged the cause of the poor and needy; then it was well with him: was not this to know me? saith the LORD. <spaM
n class="ver">17</span>But thine eyes and thine heart are not but for thy covetousness, and for to shed innocent blood, and for oppression, and for violence, to do it. <span class="ver">18</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD concerning Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah; They shall not lament for him, saying, Ah my brother! or, Ah sister! they shall not lament for him, saying, Ah lord! or, Ah his glory! <span class="ver">19</span>He shall be buried with the burial of an ass, drawn and cast forth beyond the gM
ates of Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Go up to Lebanon, and cry; and lift up thy voice in Bashan, and cry from the passages: for all thy lovers are destroyed. <span class="ver">21</span>I spake unto thee in thy prosperity; but thou saidst, I will not hear. This hath been thy manner from thy youth, that thou obeyedst not my voice. <span class="ver">22</span>The wind shall eat up all thy pastors, and thy lovers shall go into captivity: surely then shalt thou be ashamed and confounded for all thy wicM
kedness. <span class="ver">23</span>O inhabitant of Lebanon, that makest thy nest in the cedars, how gracious shalt thou be when pangs come upon thee, the pain as of a woman in travail! <span class="ver">24</span>As I live, saith the LORD, though Coniah the son of Jehoiakim king of Judah were the signet upon my right hand, yet would I pluck thee thence; <span class="ver">25</span>And I will give thee into the hand of them that seek thy life, and into the hand of them whose face thou fearest, even into the hand of NM
ebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, and into the hand of the Chaldeans. <span class="ver">26</span>And I will cast thee out, and thy mother that bare thee, into another country, where ye were not born; and there shall ye die. <span class="ver">27</span>But to the land whereunto they desire to return, thither shall they not return. <span class="ver">28</span>Is this man Coniah a despised broken idol? is he a vessel wherein is no pleasure? wherefore are they cast out, he and his seed, and are cast into a land which they kM
now not? <span class="ver">29</span>O earth, earth, earth, hear the word of the LORD. <span class="ver">30</span>Thus saith the LORD, Write ye this man childless, a man that shall not prosper in his days: for no man of his seed shall prosper, sitting upon the throne of David, and ruling any more in Judah.
<h2 id="c23">Chapter 23</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Woe be unto the pastors that destroy and scatter the sheep of my pasture! saith the LORD. <span class="ver">2</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD GodM
of Israel against the pastors that feed my people; Ye have scattered my flock, and driven them away, and have not visited them: behold, I will visit upon you the evil of your doings, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">3</span>And I will gather the remnant of my flock out of all countries whither I have driven them, and will bring them again to their folds; and they shall be fruitful and increase. <span class="ver">4</span>And I will set up shepherds over them which shall feed them: and they shall fear no more, nor M
be dismayed, neither shall they be lacking, saith the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will raise unto David a righteous Branch, and a King shall reign and prosper, and shall execute judgment and justice in the earth. <span class="ver">6</span>In his days Judah shall be saved, and Israel shall dwell safely: and this is his name whereby he shall be called, THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS. <span class="ver">7</span>Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, thaM
t they shall no more say, The LORD liveth, which brought up the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt; <span class="ver">8</span>But, The LORD liveth, which brought up and which led the seed of the house of Israel out of the north country, and from all countries whither I had driven them; and they shall dwell in their own land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Mine heart within me is broken because of the prophets; all my bones shake; I am like a drunken man, and like a man whom wine hath overcome, becauseM
of the LORD, and because of the words of his holiness. <span class="ver">10</span>For the land is full of adulterers; for because of swearing the land mourneth; the pleasant places of the wilderness are dried up, and their course is evil, and their force is not right. <span class="ver">11</span>For both prophet and priest are profane; yea, in my house have I found their wickedness, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">12</span>Wherefore their way shall be unto them as slippery ways in the darkness: they shall be drivM
en on, and fall therein: for I will bring evil upon them, even the year of their visitation, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">13</span>And I have seen folly in the prophets of Samaria; they prophesied in Baal, and caused my people Israel to err. <span class="ver">14</span>I have seen also in the prophets of Jerusalem an horrible thing: they commit adultery, and walk in lies: they strengthen also the hands of evildoers, that none doth return from his wickedness: they are all of them unto me as Sodom, and the inhabiM
tants thereof as Gomorrah. <span class="ver">15</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts concerning the prophets; Behold, I will feed them with wormwood, and make them drink the water of gall: for from the prophets of Jerusalem is profaneness gone forth into all the land. <span class="ver">16</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts, Hearken not unto the words of the prophets that prophesy unto you: they make you vain: they speak a vision of their own heart, and not out of the mouth of the LORD. <span class="ver">17<M
/span>They say still unto them that despise me, The LORD hath said, Ye shall have peace; and they say unto every one that walketh after the imagination of his own heart, No evil shall come upon you. <span class="ver">18</span>For who hath stood in the counsel of the LORD, and hath perceived and heard his word? who hath marked his word, and heard it? <span class="ver">19</span>Behold, a whirlwind of the LORD is gone forth in fury, even a grievous whirlwind: it shall fall grievously upon the head of the wicked. <spanM
class="ver">20</span>The anger of the LORD shall not return, until he have executed, and till he have performed the thoughts of his heart: in the latter days ye shall consider it perfectly. <span class="ver">21</span>I have not sent these prophets, yet they ran: I have not spoken to them, yet they prophesied. <span class="ver">22</span>But if they had stood in my counsel, and had caused my people to hear my words, then they should have turned them from their evil way, and from the evil of their doings. <span classM
="ver">23</span>Am I a God at hand, saith the LORD, and not a God afar off? <span class="ver">24</span>Can any hide himself in secret places that I shall not see him? saith the LORD. Do not I fill heaven and earth? saith the LORD. <span class="ver">25</span>I have heard what the prophets said, that prophesy lies in my name, saying, I have dreamed, I have dreamed. <span class="ver">26</span>How long shall this be in the heart of the prophets that prophesy lies? yea, they are prophets of the deceit of their own heartM
; <span class="ver">27</span>Which think to cause my people to forget my name by their dreams which they tell every man to his neighbour, as their fathers have forgotten my name for Baal. <span class="ver">28</span>The prophet that hath a dream, let him tell a dream; and he that hath my word, let him speak my word faithfully. What is the chaff to the wheat? saith the LORD. <span class="ver">29</span>Is not my word like as a fire? saith the LORD; and like a hammer that breaketh the rock in pieces? <span class="ver">M
30</span>Therefore, behold, I am against the prophets, saith the LORD, that steal my words every one from his neighbour. <span class="ver">31</span>Behold, I am against the prophets, saith the LORD, that use their tongues, and say, He saith. <span class="ver">32</span>Behold, I am against them that prophesy false dreams, saith the LORD, and do tell them, and cause my people to err by their lies, and by their lightness; yet I sent them not, nor commanded them: therefore they shall not profit this people at all, saitM
<p><span class="ver">33</span>And when this people, or the prophet, or a priest, shall ask thee, saying, What is the burden of the LORD? thou shalt then say unto them, What burden? I will even forsake you, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">34</span>And as for the prophet, and the priest, and the people, that shall say, The burden of the LORD, I will even punish that man and his house. <span class="ver">35</span>Thus shall ye say every one to his neighbour, and every one to his brother, What hath M
the LORD answered? and, What hath the LORD spoken? <span class="ver">36</span>And the burden of the LORD shall ye mention no more: for every man
s word shall be his burden; for ye have perverted the words of the living God, of the LORD of hosts our God. <span class="ver">37</span>Thus shalt thou say to the prophet, What hath the LORD answered thee? and, What hath the LORD spoken? <span class="ver">38</span>But since ye say, The burden of the LORD; therefore thus saith the LORD; Because ye say this word, The burdeM
n of the LORD, and I have sent unto you, saying, Ye shall not say, The burden of the LORD; <span class="ver">39</span>Therefore, behold, I, even I, will utterly forget you, and I will forsake you, and the city that I gave you and your fathers, and cast you out of my presence: <span class="ver">40</span>And I will bring an everlasting reproach upon you, and a perpetual shame, which shall not be forgotten.
<h2 id="c24">Chapter 24</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The LORD shewed me, and, behold, two baskets of M
figs were set before the temple of the LORD, after that Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon had carried away captive Jeconiah the son of Jehoiakim king of Judah, and the princes of Judah, with the carpenters and smiths, from Jerusalem, and had brought them to Babylon. <span class="ver">2</span>One basket had very good figs, even like the figs that are first ripe: and the other basket had very naughty figs, which could not be eaten, they were so bad. <span class="ver">3</span>Then said the LORD unto me, What seest thou, M
Jeremiah? And I said, Figs; the good figs, very good; and the evil, very evil, that cannot be eaten, they are so evil. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Again the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">5</span>Thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel; Like these good figs, so will I acknowledge them that are carried away captive of Judah, whom I have sent out of this place into the land of the Chaldeans for their good. <span class="ver">6</span>For I will set mine eyes upon them for good, and I wiM
ll bring them again to this land: and I will build them, and not pull them down; and I will plant them, and not pluck them up. <span class="ver">7</span>And I will give them an heart to know me, that I am the LORD: and they shall be my people, and I will be their God: for they shall return unto me with their whole heart. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And as the evil figs, which cannot be eaten, they are so evil; surely thus saith the LORD, So will I give Zedekiah the king of Judah, and his princes, and the reM
sidue of Jerusalem, that remain in this land, and them that dwell in the land of Egypt: <span class="ver">9</span>And I will deliver them to be removed into all the kingdoms of the earth for their hurt, to be a reproach and a proverb, a taunt and a curse, in all places whither I shall drive them. <span class="ver">10</span>And I will send the sword, the famine, and the pestilence, among them, till they be consumed from off the land that I gave unto them and to their fathers.
<h2 id="c25">Chapter 25</h2>
pan class="ver">1</span>The word that came to Jeremiah concerning all the people of Judah in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah, that was the first year of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon; <span class="ver">2</span>The which Jeremiah the prophet spake unto all the people of Judah, and to all the inhabitants of Jerusalem, saying, <span class="ver">3</span>From the thirteenth year of Josiah the son of Amon king of Judah, even unto this day, that is the three and twentieth year, the word of thM
e LORD hath come unto me, and I have spoken unto you, rising early and speaking; but ye have not hearkened. <span class="ver">4</span>And the LORD hath sent unto you all his servants the prophets, rising early and sending them; but ye have not hearkened, nor inclined your ear to hear. <span class="ver">5</span>They said, Turn ye again now every one from his evil way, and from the evil of your doings, and dwell in the land that the LORD hath given unto you and to your fathers for ever and ever: <span class="ver">6</M
span>And go not after other gods to serve them, and to worship them, and provoke me not to anger with the works of your hands; and I will do you no hurt. <span class="ver">7</span>Yet ye have not hearkened unto me, saith the LORD; that ye might provoke me to anger with the works of your hands to your own hurt. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts; Because ye have not heard my words, <span class="ver">9</span>Behold, I will send and take all the families of the north, saith the M
LORD, and Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon, my servant, and will bring them against this land, and against the inhabitants thereof, and against all these nations round about, and will utterly destroy them, and make them an astonishment, and an hissing, and perpetual desolations. <span class="ver">10</span>Moreover I will take from them the voice of mirth, and the voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom, and the voice of the bride, the sound of the millstones, and the light of the candle. <span class="ver">M
11</span>And this whole land shall be a desolation, and an astonishment; and these nations shall serve the king of Babylon seventy years. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And it shall come to pass, when seventy years are accomplished, that I will punish the king of Babylon, and that nation, saith the LORD, for their iniquity, and the land of the Chaldeans, and will make it perpetual desolations. <span class="ver">13</span>And I will bring upon that land all my words which I have pronounced against it, even all M
that is written in this book, which Jeremiah hath prophesied against all the nations. <span class="ver">14</span>For many nations and great kings shall serve themselves of them also: and I will recompense them according to their deeds, and according to the works of their own hands. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>For thus saith the LORD God of Israel unto me; Take the wine cup of this fury at my hand, and cause all the nations, to whom I send thee, to drink it. <span class="ver">16</span>And they shall drink, M
and be moved, and be mad, because of the sword that I will send among them. <span class="ver">17</span>Then took I the cup at the LORD
s hand, and made all the nations to drink, unto whom the LORD had sent me: <span class="ver">18</span>To wit, Jerusalem, and the cities of Judah, and the kings thereof, and the princes thereof, to make them a desolation, an astonishment, an hissing, and a curse; as it is this day; <span class="ver">19</span>Pharaoh king of Egypt, and his servants, and his princes, and all his peopM
le; <span class="ver">20</span>And all the mingled people, and all the kings of the land of Uz, and all the kings of the land of the Philistines, and Ashkelon, and Azzah, and Ekron, and the remnant of Ashdod, <span class="ver">21</span>Edom, and Moab, and the children of Ammon, <span class="ver">22</span>And all the kings of Tyrus, and all the kings of Zidon, and the kings of the isles which are beyond the sea, <span class="ver">23</span>Dedan, and Tema, and Buz, and all that are in the utmost corners, <span class=M
"ver">24</span>And all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the mingled people that dwell in the desert, <span class="ver">25</span>And all the kings of Zimri, and all the kings of Elam, and all the kings of the Medes, <span class="ver">26</span>And all the kings of the north, far and near, one with another, and all the kingdoms of the world, which are upon the face of the earth: and the king of Sheshach shall drink after them. <span class="ver">27</span>Therefore thou shalt say unto them, Thus saith the LORD M
of hosts, the God of Israel; Drink ye, and be drunken, and spue, and fall, and rise no more, because of the sword which I will send among you. <span class="ver">28</span>And it shall be, if they refuse to take the cup at thine hand to drink, then shalt thou say unto them, Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Ye shall certainly drink. <span class="ver">29</span>For, lo, I begin to bring evil on the city which is called by my name, and should ye be utterly unpunished? Ye shall not be unpunished: for I will call for a sword M
upon all the inhabitants of the earth, saith the LORD of hosts. <span class="ver">30</span>Therefore prophesy thou against them all these words, and say unto them, The LORD shall roar from on high, and utter his voice from his holy habitation; he shall mightily roar upon his habitation; he shall give a shout, as they that tread the grapes, against all the inhabitants of the earth. <span class="ver">31</span>A noise shall come even to the ends of the earth; for the LORD hath a controversy with the nations, he will pM
lead with all flesh; he will give them that are wicked to the sword, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">32</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts, Behold, evil shall go forth from nation to nation, and a great whirlwind shall be raised up from the coasts of the earth. <span class="ver">33</span>And the slain of the LORD shall be at that day from one end of the earth even unto the other end of the earth: they shall not be lamented, neither gathered, nor buried; they shall be dung upon the ground. </p>
<p><span class="vM
er">34</span>Howl, ye shepherds, and cry; and wallow yourselves in the ashes, ye principal of the flock: for the days of your slaughter and of your dispersions are accomplished; and ye shall fall like a pleasant vessel. <span class="ver">35</span>And the shepherds shall have no way to flee, nor the principal of the flock to escape. <span class="ver">36</span>A voice of the cry of the shepherds, and an howling of the principal of the flock, shall be heard: for the LORD hath spoiled their pasture. <span class="ver">3M
7</span>And the peaceable habitations are cut down because of the fierce anger of the LORD. <span class="ver">38</span>He hath forsaken his covert, as the lion: for their land is desolate because of the fierceness of the oppressor, and because of his fierce anger.
<h2 id="c26">Chapter 26</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In the beginning of the reign of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah came this word from the LORD, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Thus saith the LORD; Stand in the court of the LORD
s house, and speak unto all the cities of Judah, which come to worship in the LORD
s house, all the words that I command thee to speak unto them; diminish not a word: <span class="ver">3</span>If so be they will hearken, and turn every man from his evil way, that I may repent me of the evil, which I purpose to do unto them because of the evil of their doings. <span class="ver">4</span>And thou shalt say unto them, Thus saith the LORD; If ye will not hearken to me, to walk in my law, which I have set before you,M
<span class="ver">5</span>To hearken to the words of my servants the prophets, whom I sent unto you, both rising up early, and sending them, but ye have not hearkened; <span class="ver">6</span>Then will I make this house like Shiloh, and will make this city a curse to all the nations of the earth. <span class="ver">7</span>So the priests and the prophets and all the people heard Jeremiah speaking these words in the house of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Now it came to pass, when Jeremiah had made M
an end of speaking all that the LORD had commanded him to speak unto all the people, that the priests and the prophets and all the people took him, saying, Thou shalt surely die. <span class="ver">9</span>Why hast thou prophesied in the name of the LORD, saying, This house shall be like Shiloh, and this city shall be desolate without an inhabitant? And all the people were gathered against Jeremiah in the house of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>When the princes of Judah heard these things, then they M
came up from the king
s house unto the house of the LORD, and sat down in the entry of the new gate of the LORD
s house. <span class="ver">11</span>Then spake the priests and the prophets unto the princes and to all the people, saying, This man is worthy to die; for he hath prophesied against this city, as ye have heard with your ears. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Then spake Jeremiah unto all the princes and to all the people, saying, The LORD sent me to prophesy against this house and against this cityM
all the words that ye have heard. <span class="ver">13</span>Therefore now amend your ways and your doings, and obey the voice of the LORD your God; and the LORD will repent him of the evil that he hath pronounced against you. <span class="ver">14</span>As for me, behold, I am in your hand: do with me as seemeth good and meet unto you. <span class="ver">15</span>But know ye for certain, that if ye put me to death, ye shall surely bring innocent blood upon yourselves, and upon this city, and upon the inhabitants thM
ereof: for of a truth the LORD hath sent me unto you to speak all these words in your ears. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Then said the princes and all the people unto the priests and to the prophets; This man is not worthy to die: for he hath spoken to us in the name of the LORD our God. <span class="ver">17</span>Then rose up certain of the elders of the land, and spake to all the assembly of the people, saying, <span class="ver">18</span>Micah the Morasthite prophesied in the days of Hezekiah king of JudaM
h, and spake to all the people of Judah, saying, Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Zion shall be plowed like a field, and Jerusalem shall become heaps, and the mountain of the house as the high places of a forest. <span class="ver">19</span>Did Hezekiah king of Judah and all Judah put him at all to death? did he not fear the LORD, and besought the LORD, and the LORD repented him of the evil which he had pronounced against them? Thus might we procure great evil against our souls. <span class="ver">20</span>And there wasM
also a man that prophesied in the name of the LORD, Urijah the son of Shemaiah of Kirjath-jearim, who prophesied against this city and against this land according to all the words of Jeremiah: <span class="ver">21</span>And when Jehoiakim the king, with all his mighty men, and all the princes, heard his words, the king sought to put him to death: but when Urijah heard it, he was afraid, and fled, and went into Egypt; <span class="ver">22</span>And Jehoiakim the king sent men into Egypt, namely, Elnathan the son ofM
Achbor, and certain men with him into Egypt. <span class="ver">23</span>And they fetched forth Urijah out of Egypt, and brought him unto Jehoiakim the king; who slew him with the sword, and cast his dead body into the graves of the common people. <span class="ver">24</span>Nevertheless the hand of Ahikam the son of Shaphan was with Jeremiah, that they should not give him into the hand of the people to put him to death.
<h2 id="c27">Chapter 27</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In the beginning of the reign ofM
Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah came this word unto Jeremiah from the LORD, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Thus saith the LORD to me; Make thee bonds and yokes, and put them upon thy neck, <span class="ver">3</span>And send them to the king of Edom, and to the king of Moab, and to the king of the Ammonites, and to the king of Tyrus, and to the king of Zidon, by the hand of the messengers which come to Jerusalem unto Zedekiah king of Judah; <span class="ver">4</span>And command them to say unto their mM
asters, Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Thus shall ye say unto your masters; <span class="ver">5</span>I have made the earth, the man and the beast that are upon the ground, by my great power and by my outstretched arm, and have given it unto whom it seemed meet unto me. <span class="ver">6</span>And now have I given all these lands into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon, my servant; and the beasts of the field have I given him also to serve him. <span class="ver">7</span>And all natioM
ns shall serve him, and his son, and his son
s son, until the very time of his land come: and then many nations and great kings shall serve themselves of him. <span class="ver">8</span>And it shall come to pass, that the nation and kingdom which will not serve the same Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon, and that will not put their neck under the yoke of the king of Babylon, that nation will I punish, saith the LORD, with the sword, and with the famine, and with the pestilence, until I have consumed them by his hM
and. <span class="ver">9</span>Therefore hearken not ye to your prophets, nor to your diviners, nor to your dreamers, nor to your enchanters, nor to your sorcerers, which speak unto you, saying, Ye shall not serve the king of Babylon: <span class="ver">10</span>For they prophesy a lie unto you, to remove you far from your land; and that I should drive you out, and ye should perish. <span class="ver">11</span>But the nations that bring their neck under the yoke of the king of Babylon, and serve him, those will I letM
remain still in their own land, saith the LORD; and they shall till it, and dwell therein. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>I spake also to Zedekiah king of Judah according to all these words, saying, Bring your necks under the yoke of the king of Babylon, and serve him and his people, and live. <span class="ver">13</span>Why will ye die, thou and thy people, by the sword, by the famine, and by the pestilence, as the LORD hath spoken against the nation that will not serve the king of Babylon? <span class="ver"M
>14</span>Therefore hearken not unto the words of the prophets that speak unto you, saying, Ye shall not serve the king of Babylon: for they prophesy a lie unto you. <span class="ver">15</span>For I have not sent them, saith the LORD, yet they prophesy a lie in my name; that I might drive you out, and that ye might perish, ye, and the prophets that prophesy unto you. <span class="ver">16</span>Also I spake to the priests and to all this people, saying, Thus saith the LORD; Hearken not to the words of your prophets M
that prophesy unto you, saying, Behold, the vessels of the LORD
s house shall now shortly be brought again from Babylon: for they prophesy a lie unto you. <span class="ver">17</span>Hearken not unto them; serve the king of Babylon, and live: wherefore should this city be laid waste? <span class="ver">18</span>But if they be prophets, and if the word of the LORD be with them, let them now make intercession to the LORD of hosts, that the vessels which are left in the house of the LORD, and in the house of the king M
of Judah, and at Jerusalem, go not to Babylon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>For thus saith the LORD of hosts concerning the pillars, and concerning the sea, and concerning the bases, and concerning the residue of the vessels that remain in this city, <span class="ver">20</span>Which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon took not, when he carried away captive Jeconiah the son of Jehoiakim king of Judah from Jerusalem to Babylon, and all the nobles of Judah and Jerusalem; <span class="ver">21</span>Yea, thus saith tM
he LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, concerning the vessels that remain in the house of the LORD, and in the house of the king of Judah and of Jerusalem; <span class="ver">22</span>They shall be carried to Babylon, and there shall they be until the day that I visit them, saith the LORD; then will I bring them up, and restore them to this place.
<h2 id="c28">Chapter 28</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass the same year, in the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah, in the fourth yeaM
r, and in the fifth month, that Hananiah the son of Azur the prophet, which was of Gibeon, spake unto me in the house of the LORD, in the presence of the priests and of all the people, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, saying, I have broken the yoke of the king of Babylon. <span class="ver">3</span>Within two full years will I bring again into this place all the vessels of the LORD
s house, that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon took away from this place, and carriM
ed them to Babylon: <span class="ver">4</span>And I will bring again to this place Jeconiah the son of Jehoiakim king of Judah, with all the captives of Judah, that went into Babylon, saith the LORD: for I will break the yoke of the king of Babylon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Then the prophet Jeremiah said unto the prophet Hananiah in the presence of the priests, and in the presence of all the people that stood in the house of the LORD, <span class="ver">6</span>Even the prophet Jeremiah said, Amen: the LOM
RD do so: the LORD perform thy words which thou hast prophesied, to bring again the vessels of the LORD
s house, and all that is carried away captive, from Babylon into this place. <span class="ver">7</span>Nevertheless hear thou now this word that I speak in thine ears, and in the ears of all the people; <span class="ver">8</span>The prophets that have been before me and before thee of old prophesied both against many countries, and against great kingdoms, of war, and of evil, and of pestilence. <span class="verM
">9</span>The prophet which prophesieth of peace, when the word of the prophet shall come to pass, then shall the prophet be known, that the LORD hath truly sent him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Then Hananiah the prophet took the yoke from off the prophet Jeremiah
s neck, and brake it. <span class="ver">11</span>And Hananiah spake in the presence of all the people, saying, Thus saith the LORD; Even so will I break the yoke of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon from the neck of all nations within the space oM
f two full years. And the prophet Jeremiah went his way. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Then the word of the LORD came unto Jeremiah the prophet, after that Hananiah the prophet had broken the yoke from off the neck of the prophet Jeremiah, saying, <span class="ver">13</span>Go and tell Hananiah, saying, Thus saith the LORD; Thou hast broken the yokes of wood; but thou shalt make for them yokes of iron. <span class="ver">14</span>For thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; I have put a yoke of iron uM
pon the neck of all these nations, that they may serve Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon; and they shall serve him: and I have given him the beasts of the field also. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Then said the prophet Jeremiah unto Hananiah the prophet, Hear now, Hananiah; The LORD hath not sent thee; but thou makest this people to trust in a lie. <span class="ver">16</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will cast thee from off the face of the earth: this year thou shalt die, because thou hast taughtM
rebellion against the LORD. <span class="ver">17</span>So Hananiah the prophet died the same year in the seventh month.
<h2 id="c29">Chapter 29</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now these are the words of the letter that Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem unto the residue of the elders which were carried away captives, and to the priests, and to the prophets, and to all the people whom Nebuchadnezzar had carried away captive from Jerusalem to Babylon; <span class="ver">2</span>(After that Jeconiah the M
king, and the queen, and the eunuchs, the princes of Judah and Jerusalem, and the carpenters, and the smiths, were departed from Jerusalem;) <span class="ver">3</span>By the hand of Elasah the son of Shaphan, and Gemariah the son of Hilkiah, (whom Zedekiah king of Judah sent unto Babylon to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon) saying, <span class="ver">4</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, unto all that are carried away captives, whom I have caused to be carried away from Jerusalem unto Babylon; <spanM
class="ver">5</span>Build ye houses, and dwell in them; and plant gardens, and eat the fruit of them; <span class="ver">6</span>Take ye wives, and beget sons and daughters; and take wives for your sons, and give your daughters to husbands, that they may bear sons and daughters; that ye may be increased there, and not diminished. <span class="ver">7</span>And seek the peace of the city whither I have caused you to be carried away captives, and pray unto the LORD for it: for in the peace thereof shall ye have peace.M
<p><span class="ver">8</span>For thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Let not your prophets and your diviners, that be in the midst of you, deceive you, neither hearken to your dreams which ye cause to be dreamed. <span class="ver">9</span>For they prophesy falsely unto you in my name: I have not sent them, saith the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>For thus saith the LORD, That after seventy years be accomplished at Babylon I will visit you, and perform my good word toward you, in cauM
sing you to return to this place. <span class="ver">11</span>For I know the thoughts that I think toward you, saith the LORD, thoughts of peace, and not of evil, to give you an expected end. <span class="ver">12</span>Then shall ye call upon me, and ye shall go and pray unto me, and I will hearken unto you. <span class="ver">13</span>And ye shall seek me, and find me, when ye shall search for me with all your heart. <span class="ver">14</span>And I will be found of you, saith the LORD: and I will turn away your capM
tivity, and I will gather you from all the nations, and from all the places whither I have driven you, saith the LORD; and I will bring you again into the place whence I caused you to be carried away captive. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Because ye have said, The LORD hath raised us up prophets in Babylon; <span class="ver">16</span>Know that thus saith the LORD of the king that sitteth upon the throne of David, and of all the people that dwelleth in this city, and of your brethren that are not gone forth wM
ith you into captivity; <span class="ver">17</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Behold, I will send upon them the sword, the famine, and the pestilence, and will make them like vile figs, that cannot be eaten, they are so evil. <span class="ver">18</span>And I will persecute them with the sword, with the famine, and with the pestilence, and will deliver them to be removed to all the kingdoms of the earth, to be a curse, and an astonishment, and an hissing, and a reproach, among all the nations whither I have driveM
n them: <span class="ver">19</span>Because they have not hearkened to my words, saith the LORD, which I sent unto them by my servants the prophets, rising up early and sending them; but ye would not hear, saith the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Hear ye therefore the word of the LORD, all ye of the captivity, whom I have sent from Jerusalem to Babylon: <span class="ver">21</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, of Ahab the son of Kolaiah, and of Zedekiah the son of Maaseiah, which propheM
sy a lie unto you in my name; Behold, I will deliver them into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon; and he shall slay them before your eyes; <span class="ver">22</span>And of them shall be taken up a curse by all the captivity of Judah which are in Babylon, saying, The LORD make thee like Zedekiah and like Ahab, whom the king of Babylon roasted in the fire; <span class="ver">23</span>Because they have committed villany in Israel, and have committed adultery with their neighbours
wives, and have spoken lyiM
ng words in my name, which I have not commanded them; even I know, and am a witness, saith the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>Thus shalt thou also speak to Shemaiah the Nehelamite, saying, <span class="ver">25</span>Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, saying, Because thou hast sent letters in thy name unto all the people that are at Jerusalem, and to Zephaniah the son of Maaseiah the priest, and to all the priests, saying, <span class="ver">26</span>The LORD hath made thee priest in the M
stead of Jehoiada the priest, that ye should be officers in the house of the LORD, for every man that is mad, and maketh himself a prophet, that thou shouldest put him in prison, and in the stocks. <span class="ver">27</span>Now therefore why hast thou not reproved Jeremiah of Anathoth, which maketh himself a prophet to you? <span class="ver">28</span>For therefore he sent unto us in Babylon, saying, This captivity is long: build ye houses, and dwell in them; and plant gardens, and eat the fruit of them. <span clasM
s="ver">29</span>And Zephaniah the priest read this letter in the ears of Jeremiah the prophet. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>Then came the word of the LORD unto Jeremiah, saying, <span class="ver">31</span>Send to all them of the captivity, saying, Thus saith the LORD concerning Shemaiah the Nehelamite; Because that Shemaiah hath prophesied unto you, and I sent him not, and he caused you to trust in a lie: <span class="ver">32</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will punish Shemaiah the NehelamitM
e, and his seed: he shall not have a man to dwell among this people; neither shall he behold the good that I will do for my people, saith the LORD; because he hath taught rebellion against the LORD.
<h2 id="c30">Chapter 30</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Thus speaketh the LORD God of Israel, saying, Write thee all the words that I have spoken unto thee in a book. <span class="ver">3</span>For, lo, the days come, saith the LORD, M
that I will bring again the captivity of my people Israel and Judah, saith the LORD: and I will cause them to return to the land that I gave to their fathers, and they shall possess it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And these are the words that the LORD spake concerning Israel and concerning Judah. <span class="ver">5</span>For thus saith the LORD; We have heard a voice of trembling, of fear, and not of peace. <span class="ver">6</span>Ask ye now, and see whether a man doth travail with child? wherefore do I M
see every man with his hands on his loins, as a woman in travail, and all faces are turned into paleness? <span class="ver">7</span>Alas! for that day is great, so that none is like it: it is even the time of Jacob
s trouble; but he shall be saved out of it. <span class="ver">8</span>For it shall come to pass in that day, saith the LORD of hosts, that I will break his yoke from off thy neck, and will burst thy bonds, and strangers shall no more serve themselves of him: <span class="ver">9</span>But they shall serM
ve the LORD their God, and David their king, whom I will raise up unto them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Therefore fear thou not, O my servant Jacob, saith the LORD; neither be dismayed, O Israel: for, lo, I will save thee from afar, and thy seed from the land of their captivity; and Jacob shall return, and shall be in rest, and be quiet, and none shall make him afraid. <span class="ver">11</span>For I am with thee, saith the LORD, to save thee: though I make a full end of all nations whither I have scatteM
red thee, yet will I not make a full end of thee: but I will correct thee in measure, and will not leave thee altogether unpunished. <span class="ver">12</span>For thus saith the LORD, Thy bruise is incurable, and thy wound is grievous. <span class="ver">13</span>There is none to plead thy cause, that thou mayest be bound up: thou hast no healing medicines. <span class="ver">14</span>All thy lovers have forgotten thee; they seek thee not; for I have wounded thee with the wound of an enemy, with the chastisement of M
a cruel one, for the multitude of thine iniquity; because thy sins were increased. <span class="ver">15</span>Why criest thou for thine affliction? thy sorrow is incurable for the multitude of thine iniquity: because thy sins were increased, I have done these things unto thee. <span class="ver">16</span>Therefore all they that devour thee shall be devoured; and all thine adversaries, every one of them, shall go into captivity; and they that spoil thee shall be a spoil, and all that prey upon thee will I give for a M
prey. <span class="ver">17</span>For I will restore health unto thee, and I will heal thee of thy wounds, saith the LORD; because they called thee an Outcast, saying, This is Zion, whom no man seeketh after. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will bring again the captivity of Jacob
s tents, and have mercy on his dwellingplaces; and the city shall be builded upon her own heap, and the palace shall remain after the manner thereof. <span class="ver">19</span>And out of them shall proM
ceed thanksgiving and the voice of them that make merry: and I will multiply them, and they shall not be few; I will also glorify them, and they shall not be small. <span class="ver">20</span>Their children also shall be as aforetime, and their congregation shall be established before me, and I will punish all that oppress them. <span class="ver">21</span>And their nobles shall be of themselves, and their governor shall proceed from the midst of them; and I will cause him to draw near, and he shall approach unto meM
: for who is this that engaged his heart to approach unto me? saith the LORD. <span class="ver">22</span>And ye shall be my people, and I will be your God. <span class="ver">23</span>Behold, the whirlwind of the LORD goeth forth with fury, a continuing whirlwind: it shall fall with pain upon the head of the wicked. <span class="ver">24</span>The fierce anger of the LORD shall not return, until he have done it, and until he have performed the intents of his heart: in the latter days ye shall consider it.
c31">Chapter 31</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>At the same time, saith the LORD, will I be the God of all the families of Israel, and they shall be my people. <span class="ver">2</span>Thus saith the LORD, The people which were left of the sword found grace in the wilderness; even Israel, when I went to cause him to rest. <span class="ver">3</span>The LORD hath appeared of old unto me, saying, Yea, I have loved thee with an everlasting love: therefore with lovingkindness have I drawn thee. <span class="ver">4M
</span>Again I will build thee, and thou shalt be built, O virgin of Israel: thou shalt again be adorned with thy tabrets, and shalt go forth in the dances of them that make merry. <span class="ver">5</span>Thou shalt yet plant vines upon the mountains of Samaria: the planters shall plant, and shall eat them as common things. <span class="ver">6</span>For there shall be a day, that the watchmen upon the mount Ephraim shall cry, Arise ye, and let us go up to Zion unto the LORD our God. <span class="ver">7</span>For M
thus saith the LORD; Sing with gladness for Jacob, and shout among the chief of the nations: publish ye, praise ye, and say, O LORD, save thy people, the remnant of Israel. <span class="ver">8</span>Behold, I will bring them from the north country, and gather them from the coasts of the earth, and with them the blind and the lame, the woman with child and her that travaileth with child together: a great company shall return thither. <span class="ver">9</span>They shall come with weeping, and with supplications willM
I lead them: I will cause them to walk by the rivers of waters in a straight way, wherein they shall not stumble: for I am a father to Israel, and Ephraim is my firstborn. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Hear the word of the LORD, O ye nations, and declare it in the isles afar off, and say, He that scattered Israel will gather him, and keep him, as a shepherd doth his flock. <span class="ver">11</span>For the LORD hath redeemed Jacob, and ransomed him from the hand of him that was stronger than he. <span clasM
s="ver">12</span>Therefore they shall come and sing in the height of Zion, and shall flow together to the goodness of the LORD, for wheat, and for wine, and for oil, and for the young of the flock and of the herd: and their soul shall be as a watered garden; and they shall not sorrow any more at all. <span class="ver">13</span>Then shall the virgin rejoice in the dance, both young men and old together: for I will turn their mourning into joy, and will comfort them, and make them rejoice from their sorrow. <span claM
ss="ver">14</span>And I will satiate the soul of the priests with fatness, and my people shall be satisfied with my goodness, saith the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Thus saith the LORD; A voice was heard in Ramah, lamentation, and bitter weeping; Rahel weeping for her children refused to be comforted for her children, because they were not. <span class="ver">16</span>Thus saith the LORD; Refrain thy voice from weeping, and thine eyes from tears: for thy work shall be rewarded, saith the LORD; and theyM
shall come again from the land of the enemy. <span class="ver">17</span>And there is hope in thine end, saith the LORD, that thy children shall come again to their own border. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>I have surely heard Ephraim bemoaning himself thus; Thou hast chastised me, and I was chastised, as a bullock unaccustomed to the yoke: turn thou me, and I shall be turned; for thou art the LORD my God. <span class="ver">19</span>Surely after that I was turned, I repented; and after that I was instructed,M
I smote upon my thigh: I was ashamed, yea, even confounded, because I did bear the reproach of my youth. <span class="ver">20</span>Is Ephraim my dear son? is he a pleasant child? for since I spake against him, I do earnestly remember him still: therefore my bowels are troubled for him; I will surely have mercy upon him, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">21</span>Set thee up waymarks, make thee high heaps: set thine heart toward the highway, even the way which thou wentest: turn again, O virgin of Israel, turn agaM
in to these thy cities. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>How long wilt thou go about, O thou backsliding daughter? for the LORD hath created a new thing in the earth, A woman shall compass a man. <span class="ver">23</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; As yet they shall use this speech in the land of Judah and in the cities thereof, when I shall bring again their captivity; The LORD bless thee, O habitation of justice, and mountain of holiness. <span class="ver">24</span>And there shall dwellM
in Judah itself, and in all the cities thereof together, husbandmen, and they that go forth with flocks. <span class="ver">25</span>For I have satiated the weary soul, and I have replenished every sorrowful soul. <span class="ver">26</span>Upon this I awaked, and beheld; and my sleep was sweet unto me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will sow the house of Israel and the house of Judah with the seed of man, and with the seed of beast. <span class="ver">28</span>AndM
it shall come to pass, that like as I have watched over them, to pluck up, and to break down, and to throw down, and to destroy, and to afflict; so will I watch over them, to build, and to plant, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">29</span>In those days they shall say no more, The fathers have eaten a sour grape, and the children
s teeth are set on edge. <span class="ver">30</span>But every one shall die for his own iniquity: every man that eateth the sour grape, his teeth shall be set on edge. </p>
ass="ver">31</span>Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah: <span class="ver">32</span>Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt; which my covenant they brake, although I was an husband unto them, saith the LORD: <span class="ver">33</span>But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel; After those days, saithM
the LORD, I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts; and will be their God, and they shall be my people. <span class="ver">34</span>And they shall teach no more every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, Know the LORD: for they shall all know me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the LORD: for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more. </p>
<p><span class="ver">35</span>Thus saith the LORD, which giveth the sun for a liM
ght by day, and the ordinances of the moon and of the stars for a light by night, which divideth the sea when the waves thereof roar; The LORD of hosts is his name: <span class="ver">36</span>If those ordinances depart from before me, saith the LORD, then the seed of Israel also shall cease from being a nation before me for ever. <span class="ver">37</span>Thus saith the LORD; If heaven above can be measured, and the foundations of the earth searched out beneath, I will also cast off all the seed of Israel for all M
that they have done, saith the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">38</span>Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that the city shall be built to the LORD from the tower of Hananeel unto the gate of the corner. <span class="ver">39</span>And the measuring line shall yet go forth over against it upon the hill Gareb, and shall compass about to Goath. <span class="ver">40</span>And the whole valley of the dead bodies, and of the ashes, and all the fields unto the brook of Kidron, unto the corner of the horse gate towarM
d the east, shall be holy unto the LORD; it shall not be plucked up, nor thrown down any more for ever.
<h2 id="c32">Chapter 32</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD in the tenth year of Zedekiah king of Judah, which was the eighteenth year of Nebuchadrezzar. <span class="ver">2</span>For then the king of Babylon
s army besieged Jerusalem: and Jeremiah the prophet was shut up in the court of the prison, which was in the king of Judah
s house. <span class="ver">3</sM
pan>For Zedekiah king of Judah had shut him up, saying, Wherefore dost thou prophesy, and say, Thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will give this city into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he shall take it; <span class="ver">4</span>And Zedekiah king of Judah shall not escape out of the hand of the Chaldeans, but shall surely be delivered into the hand of the king of Babylon, and shall speak with him mouth to mouth, and his eyes shall behold his eyes; <span class="ver">5</span>And he shall lead Zedekiah to Babylon, M
and there shall he be until I visit him, saith the LORD: though ye fight with the Chaldeans, ye shall not prosper. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And Jeremiah said, The word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">7</span>Behold, Hanameel the son of Shallum thine uncle shall come unto thee, saying, Buy thee my field that is in Anathoth: for the right of redemption is thine to buy it. <span class="ver">8</span>So Hanameel mine uncle
s son came to me in the court of the prison according to the wordM
of the LORD, and said unto me, Buy my field, I pray thee, that is in Anathoth, which is in the country of Benjamin: for the right of inheritance is thine, and the redemption is thine; buy it for thyself. Then I knew that this was the word of the LORD. <span class="ver">9</span>And I bought the field of Hanameel my uncle
s son, that was in Anathoth, and weighed him the money, even seventeen shekels of silver. <span class="ver">10</span>And I subscribed the evidence, and sealed it, and took witnesses, and weighed M
him the money in the balances. <span class="ver">11</span>So I took the evidence of the purchase, both that which was sealed according to the law and custom, and that which was open: <span class="ver">12</span>And I gave the evidence of the purchase unto Baruch the son of Neriah, the son of Maaseiah, in the sight of Hanameel mine uncle
s son, and in the presence of the witnesses that subscribed the book of the purchase, before all the Jews that sat in the court of the prison. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>M
And I charged Baruch before them, saying, <span class="ver">14</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Take these evidences, this evidence of the purchase, both which is sealed, and this evidence which is open; and put them in an earthen vessel, that they may continue many days. <span class="ver">15</span>For thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Houses and fields and vineyards shall be possessed again in this land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Now when I had delivered the evidenceM
of the purchase unto Baruch the son of Neriah, I prayed unto the LORD, saying, <span class="ver">17</span>Ah Lord GOD! behold, thou hast made the heaven and the earth by thy great power and stretched out arm, and there is nothing too hard for thee: <span class="ver">18</span>Thou shewest lovingkindness unto thousands, and recompensest the iniquity of the fathers into the bosom of their children after them: the Great, the Mighty God, the LORD of hosts, is his name, <span class="ver">19</span>Great in counsel, and mM
ighty in work: for thine eyes are open upon all the ways of the sons of men: to give every one according to his ways, and according to the fruit of his doings: <span class="ver">20</span>Which hast set signs and wonders in the land of Egypt, even unto this day, and in Israel, and among other men; and hast made thee a name, as at this day; <span class="ver">21</span>And hast brought forth thy people Israel out of the land of Egypt with signs, and with wonders, and with a strong hand, and with a stretched out arm, anM
d with great terror; <span class="ver">22</span>And hast given them this land, which thou didst swear to their fathers to give them, a land flowing with milk and honey; <span class="ver">23</span>And they came in, and possessed it; but they obeyed not thy voice, neither walked in thy law; they have done nothing of all that thou commandedst them to do: therefore thou hast caused all this evil to come upon them: <span class="ver">24</span>Behold the mounts, they are come unto the city to take it; and the city is giveM
n into the hand of the Chaldeans, that fight against it, because of the sword, and of the famine, and of the pestilence: and what thou hast spoken is come to pass; and, behold, thou seest it. <span class="ver">25</span>And thou hast said unto me, O Lord GOD, Buy thee the field for money, and take witnesses; for the city is given into the hand of the Chaldeans. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>Then came the word of the LORD unto Jeremiah, saying, <span class="ver">27</span>Behold, I am the LORD, the God of all fM
lesh: is there any thing too hard for me? <span class="ver">28</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will give this city into the hand of the Chaldeans, and into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, and he shall take it: <span class="ver">29</span>And the Chaldeans, that fight against this city, shall come and set fire on this city, and burn it with the houses, upon whose roofs they have offered incense unto Baal, and poured out drink offerings unto other gods, to provoke me to anger. <span class="vM
er">30</span>For the children of Israel and the children of Judah have only done evil before me from their youth: for the children of Israel have only provoked me to anger with the work of their hands, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">31</span>For this city hath been to me as a provocation of mine anger and of my fury from the day that they built it even unto this day; that I should remove it from before my face, <span class="ver">32</span>Because of all the evil of the children of Israel and of the children of JuM
dah, which they have done to provoke me to anger, they, their kings, their princes, their priests, and their prophets, and the men of Judah, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem. <span class="ver">33</span>And they have turned unto me the back, and not the face: though I taught them, rising up early and teaching them, yet they have not hearkened to receive instruction. <span class="ver">34</span>But they set their abominations in the house, which is called by my name, to defile it. <span class="ver">35</span>And they bM
uilt the high places of Baal, which are in the valley of the son of Hinnom, to cause their sons and their daughters to pass through the fire unto Molech; which I commanded them not, neither came it into my mind, that they should do this abomination, to cause Judah to sin. </p>
<p><span class="ver">36</span>And now therefore thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel, concerning this city, whereof ye say, It shall be delivered into the hand of the king of Babylon by the sword, and by the famine, and by the pestilence;M
<span class="ver">37</span>Behold, I will gather them out of all countries, whither I have driven them in mine anger, and in my fury, and in great wrath; and I will bring them again unto this place, and I will cause them to dwell safely: <span class="ver">38</span>And they shall be my people, and I will be their God: <span class="ver">39</span>And I will give them one heart, and one way, that they may fear me for ever, for the good of them, and of their children after them: <span class="ver">40</span>And I will maM
ke an everlasting covenant with them, that I will not turn away from them, to do them good; but I will put my fear in their hearts, that they shall not depart from me. <span class="ver">41</span>Yea, I will rejoice over them to do them good, and I will plant them in this land assuredly with my whole heart and with my whole soul. <span class="ver">42</span>For thus saith the LORD; Like as I have brought all this great evil upon this people, so will I bring upon them all the good that I have promised them. <span clasM
s="ver">43</span>And fields shall be bought in this land, whereof ye say, It is desolate without man or beast; it is given into the hand of the Chaldeans. <span class="ver">44</span>Men shall buy fields for money, and subscribe evidences, and seal them, and take witnesses in the land of Benjamin, and in the places about Jerusalem, and in the cities of Judah, and in the cities of the mountains, and in the cities of the valley, and in the cities of the south: for I will cause their captivity to return, saith the LORDM
<h2 id="c33">Chapter 33</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Moreover the word of the LORD came unto Jeremiah the second time, while he was yet shut up in the court of the prison, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Thus saith the LORD the maker thereof, the LORD that formed it, to establish it; the LORD is his name; <span class="ver">3</span>Call unto me, and I will answer thee, and shew thee great and mighty things, which thou knowest not. <span class="ver">4</span>For thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel, cM
oncerning the houses of this city, and concerning the houses of the kings of Judah, which are thrown down by the mounts, and by the sword; <span class="ver">5</span>They come to fight with the Chaldeans, but it is to fill them with the dead bodies of men, whom I have slain in mine anger and in my fury, and for all whose wickedness I have hid my face from this city. <span class="ver">6</span>Behold, I will bring it health and cure, and I will cure them, and will reveal unto them the abundance of peace and truth. <spM
an class="ver">7</span>And I will cause the captivity of Judah and the captivity of Israel to return, and will build them, as at the first. <span class="ver">8</span>And I will cleanse them from all their iniquity, whereby they have sinned against me; and I will pardon all their iniquities, whereby they have sinned, and whereby they have transgressed against me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And it shall be to me a name of joy, a praise and an honour before all the nations of the earth, which shall hear all tM
he good that I do unto them: and they shall fear and tremble for all the goodness and for all the prosperity that I procure unto it. <span class="ver">10</span>Thus saith the LORD; Again there shall be heard in this place, which ye say shall be desolate without man and without beast, even in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem, that are desolate, without man, and without inhabitant, and without beast, <span class="ver">11</span>The voice of joy, and the voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegrooM
m, and the voice of the bride, the voice of them that shall say, Praise the LORD of hosts: for the LORD is good; for his mercy endureth for ever: and of them that shall bring the sacrifice of praise into the house of the LORD. For I will cause to return the captivity of the land, as at the first, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">12</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Again in this place, which is desolate without man and without beast, and in all the cities thereof, shall be an habitation of shepherds causing theiM
r flocks to lie down. <span class="ver">13</span>In the cities of the mountains, in the cities of the vale, and in the cities of the south, and in the land of Benjamin, and in the places about Jerusalem, and in the cities of Judah, shall the flocks pass again under the hands of him that telleth them, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">14</span>Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will perform that good thing which I have promised unto the house of Israel and to the house of Judah. </p>
<p><span class="verM
">15</span>In those days, and at that time, will I cause the Branch of righteousness to grow up unto David; and he shall execute judgment and righteousness in the land. <span class="ver">16</span>In those days shall Judah be saved, and Jerusalem shall dwell safely: and this is the name wherewith she shall be called, The LORD our righteousness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>For thus saith the LORD; David shall never want a man to sit upon the throne of the house of Israel; <span class="ver">18</span>Neither sM
hall the priests the Levites want a man before me to offer burnt offerings, and to kindle meat offerings, and to do sacrifice continually. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And the word of the LORD came unto Jeremiah, saying, <span class="ver">20</span>Thus saith the LORD; If ye can break my covenant of the day, and my covenant of the night, and that there should not be day and night in their season; <span class="ver">21</span>Then may also my covenant be broken with David my servant, that he should not have a sM
on to reign upon his throne; and with the Levites the priests, my ministers. <span class="ver">22</span>As the host of heaven cannot be numbered, neither the sand of the sea measured: so will I multiply the seed of David my servant, and the Levites that minister unto me. <span class="ver">23</span>Moreover the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah, saying, <span class="ver">24</span>Considerest thou not what this people have spoken, saying, The two families which the LORD hath chosen, he hath even cast them off? thus tM
hey have despised my people, that they should be no more a nation before them. <span class="ver">25</span>Thus saith the LORD; If my covenant be not with day and night, and if I have not appointed the ordinances of heaven and earth; <span class="ver">26</span>Then will I cast away the seed of Jacob, and David my servant, so that I will not take any of his seed to be rulers over the seed of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob: for I will cause their captivity to return, and have mercy on them.
<h2 id="c34">Chapter 34</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The word which came unto Jeremiah from the LORD, when Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, and all his army, and all the kingdoms of the earth of his dominion, and all the people, fought against Jerusalem, and against all the cities thereof, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel; Go and speak to Zedekiah king of Judah, and tell him, Thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will give this city into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he shall burn it with fire: <sM
pan class="ver">3</span>And thou shalt not escape out of his hand, but shalt surely be taken, and delivered into his hand; and thine eyes shall behold the eyes of the king of Babylon, and he shall speak with thee mouth to mouth, and thou shalt go to Babylon. <span class="ver">4</span>Yet hear the word of the LORD, O Zedekiah king of Judah; Thus saith the LORD of thee, Thou shalt not die by the sword: <span class="ver">5</span>But thou shalt die in peace: and with the burnings of thy fathers, the former kings which M
were before thee, so shall they burn odours for thee; and they will lament thee, saying, Ah lord! for I have pronounced the word, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">6</span>Then Jeremiah the prophet spake all these words unto Zedekiah king of Judah in Jerusalem, <span class="ver">7</span>When the king of Babylon
s army fought against Jerusalem, and against all the cities of Judah that were left, against Lachish, and against Azekah: for these defenced cities remained of the cities of Judah. </p>
<p><span class="vM
er">8</span>This is the word that came unto Jeremiah from the LORD, after that the king Zedekiah had made a covenant with all the people which were at Jerusalem, to proclaim liberty unto them; <span class="ver">9</span>That every man should let his manservant, and every man his maidservant, being an Hebrew or an Hebrewess, go free; that none should serve himself of them, to wit, of a Jew his brother. <span class="ver">10</span>Now when all the princes, and all the people, which had entered into the covenant, heard M
that every one should let his manservant, and every one his maidservant, go free, that none should serve themselves of them any more, then they obeyed, and let them go. <span class="ver">11</span>But afterward they turned, and caused the servants and the handmaids, whom they had let go free, to return, and brought them into subjection for servants and for handmaids. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Therefore the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah from the LORD, saying, <span class="ver">13</span>Thus saith the LM
ORD, the God of Israel; I made a covenant with your fathers in the day that I brought them forth out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondmen, saying, <span class="ver">14</span>At the end of seven years let ye go every man his brother an Hebrew, which hath been sold unto thee; and when he hath served thee six years, thou shalt let him go free from thee: but your fathers hearkened not unto me, neither inclined their ear. <span class="ver">15</span>And ye were now turned, and had done right in my sight, in M
proclaiming liberty every man to his neighbour; and ye had made a covenant before me in the house which is called by my name: <span class="ver">16</span>But ye turned and polluted my name, and caused every man his servant, and every man his handmaid, whom ye had set at liberty at their pleasure, to return, and brought them into subjection, to be unto you for servants and for handmaids. <span class="ver">17</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD; Ye have not hearkened unto me, in proclaiming liberty, every one to his bM
rother, and every man to his neighbour: behold, I proclaim a liberty for you, saith the LORD, to the sword, to the pestilence, and to the famine; and I will make you to be removed into all the kingdoms of the earth. <span class="ver">18</span>And I will give the men that have transgressed my covenant, which have not performed the words of the covenant which they had made before me, when they cut the calf in twain, and passed between the parts thereof, <span class="ver">19</span>The princes of Judah, and the princesM
of Jerusalem, the eunuchs, and the priests, and all the people of the land, which passed between the parts of the calf; <span class="ver">20</span>I will even give them into the hand of their enemies, and into the hand of them that seek their life: and their dead bodies shall be for meat unto the fowls of the heaven, and to the beasts of the earth. <span class="ver">21</span>And Zedekiah king of Judah and his princes will I give into the hand of their enemies, and into the hand of them that seek their life, and inM
to the hand of the king of Babylon
s army, which are gone up from you. <span class="ver">22</span>Behold, I will command, saith the LORD, and cause them to return to this city; and they shall fight against it, and take it, and burn it with fire: and I will make the cities of Judah a desolation without an inhabitant.
<h2 id="c35">Chapter 35</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The word which came unto Jeremiah from the LORD in the days of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah, saying, <span class="ver">2</sM
pan>Go unto the house of the Rechabites, and speak unto them, and bring them into the house of the LORD, into one of the chambers, and give them wine to drink. <span class="ver">3</span>Then I took Jaazaniah the son of Jeremiah, the son of Habaziniah, and his brethren, and all his sons, and the whole house of the Rechabites; <span class="ver">4</span>And I brought them into the house of the LORD, into the chamber of the sons of Hanan, the son of Igdaliah, a man of God, which was by the chamber of the princes, whichM
was above the chamber of Maaseiah the son of Shallum, the keeper of the door: <span class="ver">5</span>And I set before the sons of the house of the Rechabites pots full of wine, and cups, and I said unto them, Drink ye wine. <span class="ver">6</span>But they said, We will drink no wine: for Jonadab the son of Rechab our father commanded us, saying, Ye shall drink no wine, neither ye, nor your sons for ever: <span class="ver">7</span>Neither shall ye build house, nor sow seed, nor plant vineyard, nor have any: bM
ut all your days ye shall dwell in tents; that ye may live many days in the land where ye be strangers. <span class="ver">8</span>Thus have we obeyed the voice of Jonadab the son of Rechab our father in all that he hath charged us, to drink no wine all our days, we, our wives, our sons, nor our daughters; <span class="ver">9</span>Nor to build houses for us to dwell in: neither have we vineyard, nor field, nor seed: <span class="ver">10</span>But we have dwelt in tents, and have obeyed, and done according to all thM
at Jonadab our father commanded us. <span class="ver">11</span>But it came to pass, when Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon came up into the land, that we said, Come, and let us go to Jerusalem for fear of the army of the Chaldeans, and for fear of the army of the Syrians: so we dwell at Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Then came the word of the LORD unto Jeremiah, saying, <span class="ver">13</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Go and tell the men of Judah and the inhabitants of JerusM
alem, Will ye not receive instruction to hearken to my words? saith the LORD. <span class="ver">14</span>The words of Jonadab the son of Rechab, that he commanded his sons not to drink wine, are performed; for unto this day they drink none, but obey their father
s commandment: notwithstanding I have spoken unto you, rising early and speaking; but ye hearkened not unto me. <span class="ver">15</span>I have sent also unto you all my servants the prophets, rising up early and sending them, saying, Return ye now everM
y man from his evil way, and amend your doings, and go not after other gods to serve them, and ye shall dwell in the land which I have given to you and to your fathers: but ye have not inclined your ear, nor hearkened unto me. <span class="ver">16</span>Because the sons of Jonadab the son of Rechab have performed the commandment of their father, which he commanded them; but this people hath not hearkened unto me: <span class="ver">17</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD God of hosts, the God of Israel; Behold, I wilM
l bring upon Judah and upon all the inhabitants of Jerusalem all the evil that I have pronounced against them: because I have spoken unto them, but they have not heard; and I have called unto them, but they have not answered. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And Jeremiah said unto the house of the Rechabites, Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Because ye have obeyed the commandment of Jonadab your father, and kept all his precepts, and done according unto all that he hath commanded you: <span clasM
s="ver">19</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Jonadab the son of Rechab shall not want a man to stand before me for ever.
<h2 id="c36">Chapter 36</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah, that this word came unto Jeremiah from the LORD, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Take thee a roll of a book, and write therein all the words that I have spoken unto thee against Israel, and against Judah, and against M
all the nations, from the day I spake unto thee, from the days of Josiah, even unto this day. <span class="ver">3</span>It may be that the house of Judah will hear all the evil which I purpose to do unto them; that they may return every man from his evil way; that I may forgive their iniquity and their sin. <span class="ver">4</span>Then Jeremiah called Baruch the son of Neriah: and Baruch wrote from the mouth of Jeremiah all the words of the LORD, which he had spoken unto him, upon a roll of a book. <span class="vM
er">5</span>And Jeremiah commanded Baruch, saying, I am shut up; I cannot go into the house of the LORD: <span class="ver">6</span>Therefore go thou, and read in the roll, which thou hast written from my mouth, the words of the LORD in the ears of the people in the LORD
s house upon the fasting day: and also thou shalt read them in the ears of all Judah that come out of their cities. <span class="ver">7</span>It may be they will present their supplication before the LORD, and will return every one from his evil wM
ay: for great is the anger and the fury that the LORD hath pronounced against this people. <span class="ver">8</span>And Baruch the son of Neriah did according to all that Jeremiah the prophet commanded him, reading in the book the words of the LORD in the LORD
s house. <span class="ver">9</span>And it came to pass in the fifth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah, in the ninth month, that they proclaimed a fast before the LORD to all the people in Jerusalem, and to all the people that came from the M
cities of Judah unto Jerusalem. <span class="ver">10</span>Then read Baruch in the book the words of Jeremiah in the house of the LORD, in the chamber of Gemariah the son of Shaphan the scribe, in the higher court, at the entry of the new gate of the LORD
s house, in the ears of all the people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>When Michaiah the son of Gemariah, the son of Shaphan, had heard out of the book all the words of the LORD, <span class="ver">12</span>Then he went down into the king
s chamber: and, lo, all the princes sat there, even Elishama the scribe, and Delaiah the son of Shemaiah, and Elnathan the son of Achbor, and Gemariah the son of Shaphan, and Zedekiah the son of Hananiah, and all the princes. <span class="ver">13</span>Then Michaiah declared unto them all the words that he had heard, when Baruch read the book in the ears of the people. <span class="ver">14</span>Therefore all the princes sent Jehudi the son of Nethaniah, the son of Shelemiah, the son of Cushi, unto BarucM
h, saying, Take in thine hand the roll wherein thou hast read in the ears of the people, and come. So Baruch the son of Neriah took the roll in his hand, and came unto them. <span class="ver">15</span>And they said unto him, Sit down now, and read it in our ears. So Baruch read it in their ears. <span class="ver">16</span>Now it came to pass, when they had heard all the words, they were afraid both one and other, and said unto Baruch, We will surely tell the king of all these words. <span class="ver">17</span>And tM
hey asked Baruch, saying, Tell us now, How didst thou write all these words at his mouth? <span class="ver">18</span>Then Baruch answered them, He pronounced all these words unto me with his mouth, and I wrote them with ink in the book. <span class="ver">19</span>Then said the princes unto Baruch, Go, hide thee, thou and Jeremiah; and let no man know where ye be. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And they went in to the king into the court, but they laid up the roll in the chamber of Elishama the scribe, and tolM
d all the words in the ears of the king. <span class="ver">21</span>So the king sent Jehudi to fetch the roll: and he took it out of Elishama the scribe
s chamber. And Jehudi read it in the ears of the king, and in the ears of all the princes which stood beside the king. <span class="ver">22</span>Now the king sat in the winterhouse in the ninth month: and there was a fire on the hearth burning before him. <span class="ver">23</span>And it came to pass, that when Jehudi had read three or four leaves, he cut it wiM
th the penknife, and cast it into the fire that was on the hearth, until all the roll was consumed in the fire that was on the hearth. <span class="ver">24</span>Yet they were not afraid, nor rent their garments, neither the king, nor any of his servants that heard all these words. <span class="ver">25</span>Nevertheless Elnathan and Delaiah and Gemariah had made intercession to the king that he would not burn the roll: but he would not hear them. <span class="ver">26</span>But the king commanded Jerahmeel the son M
of Hammelech, and Seraiah the son of Azriel, and Shelemiah the son of Abdeel, to take Baruch the scribe and Jeremiah the prophet: but the LORD hid them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>Then the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah, after that the king had burned the roll, and the words which Baruch wrote at the mouth of Jeremiah, saying, <span class="ver">28</span>Take thee again another roll, and write in it all the former words that were in the first roll, which Jehoiakim the king of Judah hath burned. <span clM
ass="ver">29</span>And thou shalt say to Jehoiakim king of Judah, Thus saith the LORD; Thou hast burned this roll, saying, Why hast thou written therein, saying, The king of Babylon shall certainly come and destroy this land, and shall cause to cease from thence man and beast? <span class="ver">30</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD of Jehoiakim king of Judah; He shall have none to sit upon the throne of David: and his dead body shall be cast out in the day to the heat, and in the night to the frost. <span class="vM
er">31</span>And I will punish him and his seed and his servants for their iniquity; and I will bring upon them, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and upon the men of Judah, all the evil that I have pronounced against them; but they hearkened not. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>Then took Jeremiah another roll, and gave it to Baruch the scribe, the son of Neriah; who wrote therein from the mouth of Jeremiah all the words of the book which Jehoiakim king of Judah had burned in the fire: and there were addeM
d besides unto them many like words.
<h2 id="c37">Chapter 37</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And king Zedekiah the son of Josiah reigned instead of Coniah the son of Jehoiakim, whom Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon made king in the land of Judah. <span class="ver">2</span>But neither he, nor his servants, nor the people of the land, did hearken unto the words of the LORD, which he spake by the prophet Jeremiah. <span class="ver">3</span>And Zedekiah the king sent Jehucal the son of Shelemiah and Zephaniah theM
son of Maaseiah the priest to the prophet Jeremiah, saying, Pray now unto the LORD our God for us. <span class="ver">4</span>Now Jeremiah came in and went out among the people: for they had not put him into prison. <span class="ver">5</span>Then Pharaoh
s army was come forth out of Egypt: and when the Chaldeans that besieged Jerusalem heard tidings of them, they departed from Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Then came the word of the LORD unto the prophet Jeremiah, saying, <span class="ver">7</spanM
>Thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel; Thus shall ye say to the king of Judah, that sent you unto me to enquire of me; Behold, Pharaoh
s army, which is come forth to help you, shall return to Egypt into their own land. <span class="ver">8</span>And the Chaldeans shall come again, and fight against this city, and take it, and burn it with fire. <span class="ver">9</span>Thus saith the LORD; Deceive not yourselves, saying, The Chaldeans shall surely depart from us: for they shall not depart. <span class="ver">10<M
/span>For though ye had smitten the whole army of the Chaldeans that fight against you, and there remained but wounded men among them, yet should they rise up every man in his tent, and burn this city with fire. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And it came to pass, that when the army of the Chaldeans was broken up from Jerusalem for fear of Pharaoh
s army, <span class="ver">12</span>Then Jeremiah went forth out of Jerusalem to go into the land of Benjamin, to separate himself thence in the midst of the peopleM
. <span class="ver">13</span>And when he was in the gate of Benjamin, a captain of the ward was there, whose name was Irijah, the son of Shelemiah, the son of Hananiah; and he took Jeremiah the prophet, saying, Thou fallest away to the Chaldeans. <span class="ver">14</span>Then said Jeremiah, It is false; I fall not away to the Chaldeans. But he hearkened not to him: so Irijah took Jeremiah, and brought him to the princes. <span class="ver">15</span>Wherefore the princes were wroth with Jeremiah, and smote him, andM
put him in prison in the house of Jonathan the scribe: for they had made that the prison. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>When Jeremiah was entered into the dungeon, and into the cabins, and Jeremiah had remained there many days; <span class="ver">17</span>Then Zedekiah the king sent, and took him out: and the king asked him secretly in his house, and said, Is there any word from the LORD? And Jeremiah said, There is: for, said he, thou shalt be delivered into the hand of the king of Babylon. <span class="verM
">18</span>Moreover Jeremiah said unto king Zedekiah, What have I offended against thee, or against thy servants, or against this people, that ye have put me in prison? <span class="ver">19</span>Where are now your prophets which prophesied unto you, saying, The king of Babylon shall not come against you, nor against this land? <span class="ver">20</span>Therefore hear now, I pray thee, O my lord the king: let my supplication, I pray thee, be accepted before thee; that thou cause me not to return to the house of JoM
nathan the scribe, lest I die there. <span class="ver">21</span>Then Zedekiah the king commanded that they should commit Jeremiah into the court of the prison, and that they should give him daily a piece of bread out of the bakers
street, until all the bread in the city were spent. Thus Jeremiah remained in the court of the prison.
<h2 id="c38">Chapter 38</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then Shephatiah the son of Mattan, and Gedaliah the son of Pashur, and Jucal the son of Shelemiah, and Pashur the son oM
f Malchiah, heard the words that Jeremiah had spoken unto all the people, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Thus saith the LORD, He that remaineth in this city shall die by the sword, by the famine, and by the pestilence: but he that goeth forth to the Chaldeans shall live; for he shall have his life for a prey, and shall live. <span class="ver">3</span>Thus saith the LORD, This city shall surely be given into the hand of the king of Babylon
s army, which shall take it. <span class="ver">4</span>Therefore the priM
nces said unto the king, We beseech thee, let this man be put to death: for thus he weakeneth the hands of the men of war that remain in this city, and the hands of all the people, in speaking such words unto them: for this man seeketh not the welfare of this people, but the hurt. <span class="ver">5</span>Then Zedekiah the king said, Behold, he is in your hand: for the king is not he that can do any thing against you. <span class="ver">6</span>Then took they Jeremiah, and cast him into the dungeon of Malchiah the M
son of Hammelech, that was in the court of the prison: and they let down Jeremiah with cords. And in the dungeon there was no water, but mire: so Jeremiah sunk in the mire. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Now when Ebed-melech the Ethiopian, one of the eunuchs which was in the king
s house, heard that they had put Jeremiah in the dungeon; the king then sitting in the gate of Benjamin; <span class="ver">8</span>Ebed-melech went forth out of the king
s house, and spake to the king, saying, <span class="ver">9<M
/span>My lord the king, these men have done evil in all that they have done to Jeremiah the prophet, whom they have cast into the dungeon; and he is like to die for hunger in the place where he is: for there is no more bread in the city. <span class="ver">10</span>Then the king commanded Ebed-melech the Ethiopian, saying, Take from hence thirty men with thee, and take up Jeremiah the prophet out of the dungeon, before he die. <span class="ver">11</span>So Ebed-melech took the men with him, and went into the house oM
f the king under the treasury, and took thence old cast clouts and old rotten rags, and let them down by cords into the dungeon to Jeremiah. <span class="ver">12</span>And Ebed-melech the Ethiopian said unto Jeremiah, Put now these old cast clouts and rotten rags under thine armholes under the cords. And Jeremiah did so. <span class="ver">13</span>So they drew up Jeremiah with cords, and took him up out of the dungeon: and Jeremiah remained in the court of the prison. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Then ZedekM
iah the king sent, and took Jeremiah the prophet unto him into the third entry that is in the house of the LORD: and the king said unto Jeremiah, I will ask thee a thing; hide nothing from me. <span class="ver">15</span>Then Jeremiah said unto Zedekiah, If I declare it unto thee, wilt thou not surely put me to death? and if I give thee counsel, wilt thou not hearken unto me? <span class="ver">16</span>So Zedekiah the king sware secretly unto Jeremiah, saying, As the LORD liveth, that made us this soul, I will not pM
ut thee to death, neither will I give thee into the hand of these men that seek thy life. <span class="ver">17</span>Then said Jeremiah unto Zedekiah, Thus saith the LORD, the God of hosts, the God of Israel; If thou wilt assuredly go forth unto the king of Babylon
s princes, then thy soul shall live, and this city shall not be burned with fire; and thou shalt live, and thine house: <span class="ver">18</span>But if thou wilt not go forth to the king of Babylon
s princes, then shall this city be given into the M
hand of the Chaldeans, and they shall burn it with fire, and thou shalt not escape out of their hand. <span class="ver">19</span>And Zedekiah the king said unto Jeremiah, I am afraid of the Jews that are fallen to the Chaldeans, lest they deliver me into their hand, and they mock me. <span class="ver">20</span>But Jeremiah said, They shall not deliver thee. Obey, I beseech thee, the voice of the LORD, which I speak unto thee: so it shall be well unto thee, and thy soul shall live. <span class="ver">21</span>But if M
thou refuse to go forth, this is the word that the LORD hath shewed me: <span class="ver">22</span>And, behold, all the women that are left in the king of Judah
s house shall be brought forth to the king of Babylon
s princes, and those women shall say, Thy friends have set thee on, and have prevailed against thee: thy feet are sunk in the mire, and they are turned away back. <span class="ver">23</span>So they shall bring out all thy wives and thy children to the Chaldeans: and thou shalt not escape out of theirM
hand, but shalt be taken by the hand of the king of Babylon: and thou shalt cause this city to be burned with fire. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>Then said Zedekiah unto Jeremiah, Let no man know of these words, and thou shalt not die. <span class="ver">25</span>But if the princes hear that I have talked with thee, and they come unto thee, and say unto thee, Declare unto us now what thou hast said unto the king, hide it not from us, and we will not put thee to death; also what the king said unto thee: <spanM
class="ver">26</span>Then thou shalt say unto them, I presented my supplication before the king, that he would not cause me to return to Jonathan
s house, to die there. <span class="ver">27</span>Then came all the princes unto Jeremiah, and asked him: and he told them according to all these words that the king had commanded. So they left off speaking with him; for the matter was not perceived. <span class="ver">28</span>So Jeremiah abode in the court of the prison until the day that Jerusalem was taken: and he wM
as there when Jerusalem was taken.
<h2 id="c39">Chapter 39</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In the ninth year of Zedekiah king of Judah, in the tenth month, came Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon and all his army against Jerusalem, and they besieged it. <span class="ver">2</span>And in the eleventh year of Zedekiah, in the fourth month, the ninth day of the month, the city was broken up. <span class="ver">3</span>And all the princes of the king of Babylon came in, and sat in the middle gate, even Nergal-sharezeM
r, Samgar-nebo, Sarsechim, Rab-saris, Nergal-sharezer, Rab-mag, with all the residue of the princes of the king of Babylon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And it came to pass, that when Zedekiah the king of Judah saw them, and all the men of war, then they fled, and went forth out of the city by night, by the way of the king
s garden, by the gate betwixt the two walls: and he went out the way of the plain. <span class="ver">5</span>But the Chaldeans
army pursued after them, and overtook Zedekiah in the plM
ains of Jericho: and when they had taken him, they brought him up to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon to Riblah in the land of Hamath, where he gave judgment upon him. <span class="ver">6</span>Then the king of Babylon slew the sons of Zedekiah in Riblah before his eyes: also the king of Babylon slew all the nobles of Judah. <span class="ver">7</span>Moreover he put out Zedekiah
s eyes, and bound him with chains, to carry him to Babylon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And the Chaldeans burned the king
e, and the houses of the people, with fire, and brake down the walls of Jerusalem. <span class="ver">9</span>Then Nebuzar-adan the captain of the guard carried away captive into Babylon the remnant of the people that remained in the city, and those that fell away, that fell to him, with the rest of the people that remained. <span class="ver">10</span>But Nebuzar-adan the captain of the guard left of the poor of the people, which had nothing, in the land of Judah, and gave them vineyards and fields at the same time.M
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Now Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon gave charge concerning Jeremiah to Nebuzar-adan the captain of the guard, saying, <span class="ver">12</span>Take him, and look well to him, and do him no harm; but do unto him even as he shall say unto thee. <span class="ver">13</span>So Nebuzar-adan the captain of the guard sent, and Nebushasban, Rab-saris, and Nergal-sharezer, Rab-mag, and all the king of Babylon
s princes; <span class="ver">14</span>Even they sent, and took Jeremiah out M
of the court of the prison, and committed him unto Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan, that he should carry him home: so he dwelt among the people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Now the word of the LORD came unto Jeremiah, while he was shut up in the court of the prison, saying, <span class="ver">16</span>Go and speak to Ebed-melech the Ethiopian, saying, Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Behold, I will bring my words upon this city for evil, and not for good; and they shall be accoM
mplished in that day before thee. <span class="ver">17</span>But I will deliver thee in that day, saith the LORD: and thou shalt not be given into the hand of the men of whom thou art afraid. <span class="ver">18</span>For I will surely deliver thee, and thou shalt not fall by the sword, but thy life shall be for a prey unto thee: because thou hast put thy trust in me, saith the LORD.
<h2 id="c40">Chapter 40</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD, after that Nebuzar-adaM
n the captain of the guard had let him go from Ramah, when he had taken him being bound in chains among all that were carried away captive of Jerusalem and Judah, which were carried away captive unto Babylon. <span class="ver">2</span>And the captain of the guard took Jeremiah, and said unto him, The LORD thy God hath pronounced this evil upon this place. <span class="ver">3</span>Now the LORD hath brought it, and done according as he hath said: because ye have sinned against the LORD, and have not obeyed his voiceM
, therefore this thing is come upon you. <span class="ver">4</span>And now, behold, I loose thee this day from the chains which were upon thine hand. If it seem good unto thee to come with me into Babylon, come; and I will look well unto thee: but if it seem ill unto thee to come with me into Babylon, forbear: behold, all the land is before thee: whither it seemeth good and convenient for thee to go, thither go. <span class="ver">5</span>Now while he was not yet gone back, he said, Go back also to Gedaliah the son M
of Ahikam the son of Shaphan, whom the king of Babylon hath made governor over the cities of Judah, and dwell with him among the people: or go wheresoever it seemeth convenient unto thee to go. So the captain of the guard gave him victuals and a reward, and let him go. <span class="ver">6</span>Then went Jeremiah unto Gedaliah the son of Ahikam to Mizpah; and dwelt with him among the people that were left in the land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Now when all the captains of the forces which were in the fielM
ds, even they and their men, heard that the king of Babylon had made Gedaliah the son of Ahikam governor in the land, and had committed unto him men, and women, and children, and of the poor of the land, of them that were not carried away captive to Babylon; <span class="ver">8</span>Then they came to Gedaliah to Mizpah, even Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and Johanan and Jonathan the sons of Kareah, and Seraiah the son of Tanhumeth, and the sons of Ephai the Netophathite, and Jezaniah the son of a Maachathite, theyM
and their men. <span class="ver">9</span>And Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan sware unto them and to their men, saying, Fear not to serve the Chaldeans: dwell in the land, and serve the king of Babylon, and it shall be well with you. <span class="ver">10</span>As for me, behold, I will dwell at Mizpah to serve the Chaldeans, which will come unto us: but ye, gather ye wine, and summer fruits, and oil, and put them in your vessels, and dwell in your cities that ye have taken. <span class="ver">11</span>M
Likewise when all the Jews that were in Moab, and among the Ammonites, and in Edom, and that were in all the countries, heard that the king of Babylon had left a remnant of Judah, and that he had set over them Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan; <span class="ver">12</span>Even all the Jews returned out of all places whither they were driven, and came to the land of Judah, to Gedaliah, unto Mizpah, and gathered wine and summer fruits very much. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Moreover Johanan the sonM
of Kareah, and all the captains of the forces that were in the fields, came to Gedaliah to Mizpah, <span class="ver">14</span>And said unto him, Dost thou certainly know that Baalis the king of the Ammonites hath sent Ishmael the son of Nethaniah to slay thee? But Gedaliah the son of Ahikam believed them not. <span class="ver">15</span>Then Johanan the son of Kareah spake to Gedaliah in Mizpah secretly, saying, Let me go, I pray thee, and I will slay Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and no man shall know it: whereforM
e should he slay thee, that all the Jews which are gathered unto thee should be scattered, and the remnant in Judah perish? <span class="ver">16</span>But Gedaliah the son of Ahikam said unto Johanan the son of Kareah, Thou shalt not do this thing: for thou speakest falsely of Ishmael.
<h2 id="c41">Chapter 41</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now it came to pass in the seventh month, that Ishmael the son of Nethaniah the son of Elishama, of the seed royal, and the princes of the king, even ten men with him, cM
ame unto Gedaliah the son of Ahikam to Mizpah; and there they did eat bread together in Mizpah. <span class="ver">2</span>Then arose Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and the ten men that were with him, and smote Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan with the sword, and slew him, whom the king of Babylon had made governor over the land. <span class="ver">3</span>Ishmael also slew all the Jews that were with him, even with Gedaliah, at Mizpah, and the Chaldeans that were found there, and the men of war. <span clM
ass="ver">4</span>And it came to pass the second day after he had slain Gedaliah, and no man knew it, <span class="ver">5</span>That there came certain from Shechem, from Shiloh, and from Samaria, even fourscore men, having their beards shaven, and their clothes rent, and having cut themselves, with offerings and incense in their hand, to bring them to the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">6</span>And Ishmael the son of Nethaniah went forth from Mizpah to meet them, weeping all along as he went: and it came to pM
ass, as he met them, he said unto them, Come to Gedaliah the son of Ahikam. <span class="ver">7</span>And it was so, when they came into the midst of the city, that Ishmael the son of Nethaniah slew them, and cast them into the midst of the pit, he, and the men that were with him. <span class="ver">8</span>But ten men were found among them that said unto Ishmael, Slay us not: for we have treasures in the field, of wheat, and of barley, and of oil, and of honey. So he forbare, and slew them not among their brethren.M
<span class="ver">9</span>Now the pit wherein Ishmael had cast all the dead bodies of the men, whom he had slain because of Gedaliah, was it which Asa the king had made for fear of Baasha king of Israel: and Ishmael the son of Nethaniah filled it with them that were slain. <span class="ver">10</span>Then Ishmael carried away captive all the residue of the people that were in Mizpah, even the king
s daughters, and all the people that remained in Mizpah, whom Nebuzar-adan the captain of the guard had committed to M
Gedaliah the son of Ahikam: and Ishmael the son of Nethaniah carried them away captive, and departed to go over to the Ammonites. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>But when Johanan the son of Kareah, and all the captains of the forces that were with him, heard of all the evil that Ishmael the son of Nethaniah had done, <span class="ver">12</span>Then they took all the men, and went to fight with Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and found him by the great waters that are in Gibeon. <span class="ver">13</span>Now it M
came to pass, that when all the people which were with Ishmael saw Johanan the son of Kareah, and all the captains of the forces that were with him, then they were glad. <span class="ver">14</span>So all the people that Ishmael had carried away captive from Mizpah cast about and returned, and went unto Johanan the son of Kareah. <span class="ver">15</span>But Ishmael the son of Nethaniah escaped from Johanan with eight men, and went to the Ammonites. <span class="ver">16</span>Then took Johanan the son of Kareah, aM
nd all the captains of the forces that were with him, all the remnant of the people whom he had recovered from Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, from Mizpah, after that he had slain Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, even mighty men of war, and the women, and the children, and the eunuchs, whom he had brought again from Gibeon: <span class="ver">17</span>And they departed, and dwelt in the habitation of Chimham, which is by Beth-lehem, to go to enter into Egypt, <span class="ver">18</span>Because of the Chaldeans: for they weM
re afraid of them, because Ishmael the son of Nethaniah had slain Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, whom the king of Babylon made governor in the land.
<h2 id="c42">Chapter 42</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then all the captains of the forces, and Johanan the son of Kareah, and Jezaniah the son of Hoshaiah, and all the people from the least even unto the greatest, came near, <span class="ver">2</span>And said unto Jeremiah the prophet, Let, we beseech thee, our supplication be accepted before thee, and pray for M
us unto the LORD thy God, even for all this remnant; (for we are left but a few of many, as thine eyes do behold us:) <span class="ver">3</span>That the LORD thy God may shew us the way wherein we may walk, and the thing that we may do. <span class="ver">4</span>Then Jeremiah the prophet said unto them, I have heard you; behold, I will pray unto the LORD your God according to your words; and it shall come to pass, that whatsoever thing the LORD shall answer you, I will declare it unto you; I will keep nothing back M
from you. <span class="ver">5</span>Then they said to Jeremiah, The LORD be a true and faithful witness between us, if we do not even according to all things for the which the LORD thy God shall send thee to us. <span class="ver">6</span>Whether it be good, or whether it be evil, we will obey the voice of the LORD our God, to whom we send thee; that it may be well with us, when we obey the voice of the LORD our God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And it came to pass after ten days, that the word of the LORD caM
me unto Jeremiah. <span class="ver">8</span>Then called he Johanan the son of Kareah, and all the captains of the forces which were with him, and all the people from the least even to the greatest, <span class="ver">9</span>And said unto them, Thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel, unto whom ye sent me to present your supplication before him; <span class="ver">10</span>If ye will still abide in this land, then will I build you, and not pull you down, and I will plant you, and not pluck you up: for I repent me of tM
he evil that I have done unto you. <span class="ver">11</span>Be not afraid of the king of Babylon, of whom ye are afraid; be not afraid of him, saith the LORD: for I am with you to save you, and to deliver you from his hand. <span class="ver">12</span>And I will shew mercies unto you, that he may have mercy upon you, and cause you to return to your own land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>But if ye say, We will not dwell in this land, neither obey the voice of the LORD your God, <span class="ver">14</span>SaM
ying, No; but we will go into the land of Egypt, where we shall see no war, nor hear the sound of the trumpet, nor have hunger of bread; and there will we dwell: <span class="ver">15</span>And now therefore hear the word of the LORD, ye remnant of Judah; Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; If ye wholly set your faces to enter into Egypt, and go to sojourn there; <span class="ver">16</span>Then it shall come to pass, that the sword, which ye feared, shall overtake you there in the land of Egypt, and theM
famine, whereof ye were afraid, shall follow close after you there in Egypt; and there ye shall die. <span class="ver">17</span>So shall it be with all the men that set their faces to go into Egypt to sojourn there; they shall die by the sword, by the famine, and by the pestilence: and none of them shall remain or escape from the evil that I will bring upon them. <span class="ver">18</span>For thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; As mine anger and my fury hath been poured forth upon the inhabitants of M
Jerusalem; so shall my fury be poured forth upon you, when ye shall enter into Egypt: and ye shall be an execration, and an astonishment, and a curse, and a reproach; and ye shall see this place no more. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>The LORD hath said concerning you, O ye remnant of Judah; Go ye not into Egypt: know certainly that I have admonished you this day. <span class="ver">20</span>For ye dissembled in your hearts, when ye sent me unto the LORD your God, saying, Pray for us unto the LORD our God; andM
according unto all that the LORD our God shall say, so declare unto us, and we will do it. <span class="ver">21</span>And now I have this day declared it to you; but ye have not obeyed the voice of the LORD your God, nor any thing for the which he hath sent me unto you. <span class="ver">22</span>Now therefore know certainly that ye shall die by the sword, by the famine, and by the pestilence, in the place whither ye desire to go and to sojourn.
<h2 id="c43">Chapter 43</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And iM
t came to pass, that when Jeremiah had made an end of speaking unto all the people all the words of the LORD their God, for which the LORD their God had sent him to them, even all these words, <span class="ver">2</span>Then spake Azariah the son of Hoshaiah, and Johanan the son of Kareah, and all the proud men, saying unto Jeremiah, Thou speakest falsely: the LORD our God hath not sent thee to say, Go not into Egypt to sojourn there: <span class="ver">3</span>But Baruch the son of Neriah setteth thee on against us,M
for to deliver us into the hand of the Chaldeans, that they might put us to death, and carry us away captives into Babylon. <span class="ver">4</span>So Johanan the son of Kareah, and all the captains of the forces, and all the people, obeyed not the voice of the LORD, to dwell in the land of Judah. <span class="ver">5</span>But Johanan the son of Kareah, and all the captains of the forces, took all the remnant of Judah, that were returned from all nations, whither they had been driven, to dwell in the land of JudM
ah; <span class="ver">6</span>Even men, and women, and children, and the king
s daughters, and every person that Nebuzar-adan the captain of the guard had left with Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan, and Jeremiah the prophet, and Baruch the son of Neriah. <span class="ver">7</span>So they came into the land of Egypt: for they obeyed not the voice of the LORD: thus came they even to Tahpanhes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Then came the word of the LORD unto Jeremiah in Tahpanhes, saying, <span cM
lass="ver">9</span>Take great stones in thine hand, and hide them in the clay in the brickkiln, which is at the entry of Pharaoh
s house in Tahpanhes, in the sight of the men of Judah; <span class="ver">10</span>And say unto them, Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Behold, I will send and take Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon, my servant, and will set his throne upon these stones that I have hid; and he shall spread his royal pavilion over them. <span class="ver">11</span>And when he cometh, he shM
all smite the land of Egypt, and deliver such as are for death to death; and such as are for captivity to captivity; and such as are for the sword to the sword. <span class="ver">12</span>And I will kindle a fire in the houses of the gods of Egypt; and he shall burn them, and carry them away captives: and he shall array himself with the land of Egypt, as a shepherd putteth on his garment; and he shall go forth from thence in peace. <span class="ver">13</span>He shall break also the images of Beth-shemesh, that is iM
n the land of Egypt; and the houses of the gods of the Egyptians shall he burn with fire.
<h2 id="c44">Chapter 44</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The word that came to Jeremiah concerning all the Jews which dwell in the land of Egypt, which dwell at Migdol, and at Tahpanhes, and at Noph, and in the country of Pathros, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Ye have seen all the evil that I have brought upon Jerusalem, and upon all the cities of Judah; and, behold, M
this day they are a desolation, and no man dwelleth therein, <span class="ver">3</span>Because of their wickedness which they have committed to provoke me to anger, in that they went to burn incense, and to serve other gods, whom they knew not, neither they, ye, nor your fathers. <span class="ver">4</span>Howbeit I sent unto you all my servants the prophets, rising early and sending them, saying, Oh, do not this abominable thing that I hate. <span class="ver">5</span>But they hearkened not, nor inclined their ear tM
o turn from their wickedness, to burn no incense unto other gods. <span class="ver">6</span>Wherefore my fury and mine anger was poured forth, and was kindled in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem; and they are wasted and desolate, as at this day. <span class="ver">7</span>Therefore now thus saith the LORD, the God of hosts, the God of Israel; Wherefore commit ye this great evil against your souls, to cut off from you man and woman, child and suckling, out of Judah, to leave you none to remain; <spM
an class="ver">8</span>In that ye provoke me unto wrath with the works of your hands, burning incense unto other gods in the land of Egypt, whither ye be gone to dwell, that ye might cut yourselves off, and that ye might be a curse and a reproach among all the nations of the earth? <span class="ver">9</span>Have ye forgotten the wickedness of your fathers, and the wickedness of the kings of Judah, and the wickedness of their wives, and your own wickedness, and the wickedness of your wives, which they have committedM
in the land of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem? <span class="ver">10</span>They are not humbled even unto this day, neither have they feared, nor walked in my law, nor in my statutes, that I set before you and before your fathers. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Behold, I will set my face against you for evil, and to cut off all Judah. <span class="ver">12</span>And I will take the remnant of Judah, that have set their faces to go into the landM
of Egypt to sojourn there, and they shall all be consumed, and fall in the land of Egypt; they shall even be consumed by the sword and by the famine: they shall die, from the least even unto the greatest, by the sword and by the famine: and they shall be an execration, and an astonishment, and a curse, and a reproach. <span class="ver">13</span>For I will punish them that dwell in the land of Egypt, as I have punished Jerusalem, by the sword, by the famine, and by the pestilence: <span class="ver">14</span>So thatM
none of the remnant of Judah, which are gone into the land of Egypt to sojourn there, shall escape or remain, that they should return into the land of Judah, to the which they have a desire to return to dwell there: for none shall return but such as shall escape. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Then all the men which knew that their wives had burned incense unto other gods, and all the women that stood by, a great multitude, even all the people that dwelt in the land of Egypt, in Pathros, answered Jeremiah, sM
aying, <span class="ver">16</span>As for the word that thou hast spoken unto us in the name of the LORD, we will not hearken unto thee. <span class="ver">17</span>But we will certainly do whatsoever thing goeth forth out of our own mouth, to burn incense unto the queen of heaven, and to pour out drink offerings unto her, as we have done, we, and our fathers, our kings, and our princes, in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem: for then had we plenty of victuals, and were well, and saw no evil. <span M
class="ver">18</span>But since we left off to burn incense to the queen of heaven, and to pour out drink offerings unto her, we have wanted all things, and have been consumed by the sword and by the famine. <span class="ver">19</span>And when we burned incense to the queen of heaven, and poured out drink offerings unto her, did we make her cakes to worship her, and pour out drink offerings unto her, without our men? </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Then Jeremiah said unto all the people, to the men, and to the M
women, and to all the people which had given him that answer, saying, <span class="ver">21</span>The incense that ye burned in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem, ye, and your fathers, your kings, and your princes, and the people of the land, did not the LORD remember them, and came it not into his mind? <span class="ver">22</span>So that the LORD could no longer bear, because of the evil of your doings, and because of the abominations which ye have committed; therefore is your land a desolation, M
and an astonishment, and a curse, without an inhabitant, as at this day. <span class="ver">23</span>Because ye have burned incense, and because ye have sinned against the LORD, and have not obeyed the voice of the LORD, nor walked in his law, nor in his statutes, nor in his testimonies; therefore this evil is happened unto you, as at this day. <span class="ver">24</span>Moreover Jeremiah said unto all the people, and to all the women, Hear the word of the LORD, all Judah that are in the land of Egypt: <span class="M
ver">25</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, saying; Ye and your wives have both spoken with your mouths, and fulfilled with your hand, saying, We will surely perform our vows that we have vowed, to burn incense to the queen of heaven, and to pour out drink offerings unto her: ye will surely accomplish your vows, and surely perform your vows. <span class="ver">26</span>Therefore hear ye the word of the LORD, all Judah that dwell in the land of Egypt; Behold, I have sworn by my great name, saith thM
e LORD, that my name shall no more be named in the mouth of any man of Judah in all the land of Egypt, saying, The Lord GOD liveth. <span class="ver">27</span>Behold, I will watch over them for evil, and not for good: and all the men of Judah that are in the land of Egypt shall be consumed by the sword and by the famine, until there be an end of them. <span class="ver">28</span>Yet a small number that escape the sword shall return out of the land of Egypt into the land of Judah, and all the remnant of Judah, that aM
re gone into the land of Egypt to sojourn there, shall know whose words shall stand, mine, or theirs. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>And this shall be a sign unto you, saith the LORD, that I will punish you in this place, that ye may know that my words shall surely stand against you for evil: <span class="ver">30</span>Thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will give Pharaoh-hophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies, and into the hand of them that seek his life; as I gave Zedekiah king of Judah into the hand M
of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, his enemy, and that sought his life.
<h2 id="c45">Chapter 45</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The word that Jeremiah the prophet spake unto Baruch the son of Neriah, when he had written these words in a book at the mouth of Jeremiah, in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel, unto thee, O Baruch; <span class="ver">3</span>Thou didst say, Woe is me now! for the LORD hath added griM
ef to my sorrow; I fainted in my sighing, and I find no rest. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Thus shalt thou say unto him, The LORD saith thus; Behold, that which I have built will I break down, and that which I have planted I will pluck up, even this whole land. <span class="ver">5</span>And seekest thou great things for thyself? seek them not: for, behold, I will bring evil upon all flesh, saith the LORD: but thy life will I give unto thee for a prey in all places whither thou goest.
<h2 id="c46">Chapter M
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The word of the LORD which came to Jeremiah the prophet against the Gentiles; <span class="ver">2</span>Against Egypt, against the army of Pharaoh-necho king of Egypt, which was by the river Euphrates in Carchemish, which Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon smote in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah. <span class="ver">3</span>Order ye the buckler and shield, and draw near to battle. <span class="ver">4</span>Harness the horses; and get up, ye horsemen, aM
nd stand forth with your helmets; furbish the spears, and put on the brigandines. <span class="ver">5</span>Wherefore have I seen them dismayed and turned away back? and their mighty ones are beaten down, and are fled apace, and look not back: for fear was round about, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">6</span>Let not the swift flee away, nor the mighty man escape; they shall stumble, and fall toward the north by the river Euphrates. <span class="ver">7</span>Who is this that cometh up as a flood, whose waters are M
moved as the rivers? <span class="ver">8</span>Egypt riseth up like a flood, and his waters are moved like the rivers; and he saith, I will go up, and will cover the earth; I will destroy the city and the inhabitants thereof. <span class="ver">9</span>Come up, ye horses; and rage, ye chariots; and let the mighty men come forth; the Ethiopians and the Libyans, that handle the shield; and the Lydians, that handle and bend the bow. <span class="ver">10</span>For this is the day of the Lord GOD of hosts, a day of vengeM
ance, that he may avenge him of his adversaries: and the sword shall devour, and it shall be satiate and made drunk with their blood: for the Lord GOD of hosts hath a sacrifice in the north country by the river Euphrates. <span class="ver">11</span>Go up into Gilead, and take balm, O virgin, the daughter of Egypt: in vain shalt thou use many medicines; for thou shalt not be cured. <span class="ver">12</span>The nations have heard of thy shame, and thy cry hath filled the land: for the mighty man hath stumbled againM
st the mighty, and they are fallen both together. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>The word that the LORD spake to Jeremiah the prophet, how Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon should come and smite the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">14</span>Declare ye in Egypt, and publish in Migdol, and publish in Noph and in Tahpanhes: say ye, Stand fast, and prepare thee; for the sword shall devour round about thee. <span class="ver">15</span>Why are thy valiant men swept away? they stood not, because the LORD did drive them.M
<span class="ver">16</span>He made many to fall, yea, one fell upon another: and they said, Arise, and let us go again to our own people, and to the land of our nativity, from the oppressing sword. <span class="ver">17</span>They did cry there, Pharaoh king of Egypt is but a noise; he hath passed the time appointed. <span class="ver">18</span>As I live, saith the King, whose name is the LORD of hosts, Surely as Tabor is among the mountains, and as Carmel by the sea, so shall he come. <span class="ver">19</span>O tM
hou daughter dwelling in Egypt, furnish thyself to go into captivity: for Noph shall be waste and desolate without an inhabitant. <span class="ver">20</span>Egypt is like a very fair heifer, but destruction cometh; it cometh out of the north. <span class="ver">21</span>Also her hired men are in the midst of her like fatted bullocks; for they also are turned back, and are fled away together: they did not stand, because the day of their calamity was come upon them, and the time of their visitation. <span class="ver">M
22</span>The voice thereof shall go like a serpent; for they shall march with an army, and come against her with axes, as hewers of wood. <span class="ver">23</span>They shall cut down her forest, saith the LORD, though it cannot be searched; because they are more than the grasshoppers, and are innumerable. <span class="ver">24</span>The daughter of Egypt shall be confounded; she shall be delivered into the hand of the people of the north. <span class="ver">25</span>The LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, saith; BehoM
ld, I will punish the multitude of No, and Pharaoh, and Egypt, with their gods, and their kings; even Pharaoh, and all them that trust in him: <span class="ver">26</span>And I will deliver them into the hand of those that seek their lives, and into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, and into the hand of his servants: and afterward it shall be inhabited, as in the days of old, saith the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>But fear not thou, O my servant Jacob, and be not dismayed, O Israel: for, behoM
ld, I will save thee from afar off, and thy seed from the land of their captivity; and Jacob shall return, and be in rest and at ease, and none shall make him afraid. <span class="ver">28</span>Fear thou not, O Jacob my servant, saith the LORD: for I am with thee; for I will make a full end of all the nations whither I have driven thee: but I will not make a full end of thee, but correct thee in measure; yet will I not leave thee wholly unpunished.
<h2 id="c47">Chapter 47</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>TheM
word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah the prophet against the Philistines, before that Pharaoh smote Gaza. <span class="ver">2</span>Thus saith the LORD; Behold, waters rise up out of the north, and shall be an overflowing flood, and shall overflow the land, and all that is therein; the city, and them that dwell therein: then the men shall cry, and all the inhabitants of the land shall howl. <span class="ver">3</span>At the noise of the stamping of the hoofs of his strong horses, at the rushing of his chariots, aM
nd at the rumbling of his wheels, the fathers shall not look back to their children for feebleness of hands; <span class="ver">4</span>Because of the day that cometh to spoil all the Philistines, and to cut off from Tyrus and Zidon every helper that remaineth: for the LORD will spoil the Philistines, the remnant of the country of Caphtor. <span class="ver">5</span>Baldness is come upon Gaza; Ashkelon is cut off with the remnant of their valley: how long wilt thou cut thyself? <span class="ver">6</span>O thou sword M
of the LORD, how long will it be ere thou be quiet? put up thyself into thy scabbard, rest, and be still. <span class="ver">7</span>How can it be quiet, seeing the LORD hath given it a charge against Ashkelon, and against the sea shore? there hath he appointed it.
<h2 id="c48">Chapter 48</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Against Moab thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Woe unto Nebo! for it is spoiled: Kiriathaim is confounded and taken: Misgab is confounded and dismayed. <span class="ver">2</spaM
n>There shall be no more praise of Moab: in Heshbon they have devised evil against it; come, and let us cut it off from being a nation. Also thou shalt be cut down, O Madmen; the sword shall pursue thee. <span class="ver">3</span>A voice of crying shall be from Horonaim, spoiling and great destruction. <span class="ver">4</span>Moab is destroyed; her little ones have caused a cry to be heard. <span class="ver">5</span>For in the going up of Luhith continual weeping shall go up; for in the going down of Horonaim theM
enemies have heard a cry of destruction. <span class="ver">6</span>Flee, save your lives, and be like the heath in the wilderness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>For because thou hast trusted in thy works and in thy treasures, thou shalt also be taken: and Chemosh shall go forth into captivity with his priests and his princes together. <span class="ver">8</span>And the spoiler shall come upon every city, and no city shall escape: the valley also shall perish, and the plain shall be destroyed, as the LORD hathM
spoken. <span class="ver">9</span>Give wings unto Moab, that it may flee and get away: for the cities thereof shall be desolate, without any to dwell therein. <span class="ver">10</span>Cursed be he that doeth the work of the LORD deceitfully, and cursed be he that keepeth back his sword from blood. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Moab hath been at ease from his youth, and he hath settled on his lees, and hath not been emptied from vessel to vessel, neither hath he gone into captivity: therefore his taste remM
ained in him, and his scent is not changed. <span class="ver">12</span>Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will send unto him wanderers, that shall cause him to wander, and shall empty his vessels, and break their bottles. <span class="ver">13</span>And Moab shall be ashamed of Chemosh, as the house of Israel was ashamed of Beth-el their confidence. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>How say ye, We are mighty and strong men for the war? <span class="ver">15</span>Moab is spoiled, and gone up M
out of her cities, and his chosen young men are gone down to the slaughter, saith the King, whose name is the LORD of hosts. <span class="ver">16</span>The calamity of Moab is near to come, and his affliction hasteth fast. <span class="ver">17</span>All ye that are about him, bemoan him; and all ye that know his name, say, How is the strong staff broken, and the beautiful rod! <span class="ver">18</span>Thou daughter that dost inhabit Dibon, come down from thy glory, and sit in thirst; for the spoiler of Moab shallM
come upon thee, and he shall destroy thy strong holds. <span class="ver">19</span>O inhabitant of Aroer, stand by the way, and espy; ask him that fleeth, and her that escapeth, and say, What is done? <span class="ver">20</span>Moab is confounded; for it is broken down: howl and cry; tell ye it in Arnon, that Moab is spoiled, <span class="ver">21</span>And judgment is come upon the plain country; upon Holon, and upon Jahazah, and upon Mephaath, <span class="ver">22</span>And upon Dibon, and upon Nebo, and upon BethM
-diblathaim, <span class="ver">23</span>And upon Kiriathaim, and upon Beth-gamul, and upon Beth-meon, <span class="ver">24</span>And upon Kerioth, and upon Bozrah, and upon all the cities of the land of Moab, far or near. <span class="ver">25</span>The horn of Moab is cut off, and his arm is broken, saith the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>Make ye him drunken: for he magnified himself against the LORD: Moab also shall wallow in his vomit, and he also shall be in derision. <span class="ver">27</span>For M
was not Israel a derision unto thee? was he found among thieves? for since thou spakest of him, thou skippedst for joy. <span class="ver">28</span>O ye that dwell in Moab, leave the cities, and dwell in the rock, and be like the dove that maketh her nest in the sides of the hole
s mouth. <span class="ver">29</span>We have heard the pride of Moab, (he is exceeding proud) his loftiness, and his arrogancy, and his pride, and the haughtiness of his heart. <span class="ver">30</span>I know his wrath, saith the LORD; bM
ut it shall not be so; his lies shall not so effect it. <span class="ver">31</span>Therefore will I howl for Moab, and I will cry out for all Moab; mine heart shall mourn for the men of Kir-heres. <span class="ver">32</span>O vine of Sibmah, I will weep for thee with the weeping of Jazer: thy plants are gone over the sea, they reach even to the sea of Jazer: the spoiler is fallen upon thy summer fruits and upon thy vintage. <span class="ver">33</span>And joy and gladness is taken from the plentiful field, and from M
the land of Moab; and I have caused wine to fail from the winepresses: none shall tread with shouting; their shouting shall be no shouting. <span class="ver">34</span>From the cry of Heshbon even unto Elealeh, and even unto Jahaz, have they uttered their voice, from Zoar even unto Horonaim, as an heifer of three years old: for the waters also of Nimrim shall be desolate. <span class="ver">35</span>Moreover I will cause to cease in Moab, saith the LORD, him that offereth in the high places, and him that burneth inceM
nse to his gods. <span class="ver">36</span>Therefore mine heart shall sound for Moab like pipes, and mine heart shall sound like pipes for the men of Kir-heres: because the riches that he hath gotten are perished. <span class="ver">37</span>For every head shall be bald, and every beard clipped: upon all the hands shall be cuttings, and upon the loins sackcloth. <span class="ver">38</span>There shall be lamentation generally upon all the housetops of Moab, and in the streets thereof: for I have broken Moab like a vM
essel wherein is no pleasure, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">39</span>They shall howl, saying, How is it broken down! how hath Moab turned the back with shame! so shall Moab be a derision and a dismaying to all them about him. <span class="ver">40</span>For thus saith the LORD; Behold, he shall fly as an eagle, and shall spread his wings over Moab. <span class="ver">41</span>Kerioth is taken, and the strong holds are surprised, and the mighty men
s hearts in Moab at that day shall be as the heart of a woman inM
her pangs. <span class="ver">42</span>And Moab shall be destroyed from being a people, because he hath magnified himself against the LORD. <span class="ver">43</span>Fear, and the pit, and the snare, shall be upon thee, O inhabitant of Moab, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">44</span>He that fleeth from the fear shall fall into the pit; and he that getteth up out of the pit shall be taken in the snare: for I will bring upon it, even upon Moab, the year of their visitation, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">45</spaM
n>They that fled stood under the shadow of Heshbon because of the force: but a fire shall come forth out of Heshbon, and a flame from the midst of Sihon, and shall devour the corner of Moab, and the crown of the head of the tumultuous ones. <span class="ver">46</span>Woe be unto thee, O Moab! the people of Chemosh perisheth: for thy sons are taken captives, and thy daughters captives. </p>
<p><span class="ver">47</span>Yet will I bring again the captivity of Moab in the latter days, saith the LORD. Thus far is thM
e judgment of Moab.
<h2 id="c49">Chapter 49</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Concerning the Ammonites, thus saith the LORD; Hath Israel no sons? hath he no heir? why then doth their king inherit Gad, and his people dwell in his cities? <span class="ver">2</span>Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will cause an alarm of war to be heard in Rabbah of the Ammonites; and it shall be a desolate heap, and her daughters shall be burned with fire: then shall Israel be heir unto them that were hisM
heirs, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">3</span>Howl, O Heshbon, for Ai is spoiled: cry, ye daughters of Rabbah, gird you with sackcloth; lament, and run to and fro by the hedges; for their king shall go into captivity, and his priests and his princes together. <span class="ver">4</span>Wherefore gloriest thou in the valleys, thy flowing valley, O backsliding daughter? that trusted in her treasures, saying, Who shall come unto me? <span class="ver">5</span>Behold, I will bring a fear upon thee, saith the Lord GODM
of hosts, from all those that be about thee; and ye shall be driven out every man right forth; and none shall gather up him that wandereth. <span class="ver">6</span>And afterward I will bring again the captivity of the children of Ammon, saith the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Concerning Edom, thus saith the LORD of hosts; Is wisdom no more in Teman? is counsel perished from the prudent? is their wisdom vanished? <span class="ver">8</span>Flee ye, turn back, dwell deep, O inhabitants of Dedan; for I wM
ill bring the calamity of Esau upon him, the time that I will visit him. <span class="ver">9</span>If grapegatherers come to thee, would they not leave some gleaning grapes? if thieves by night, they will destroy till they have enough. <span class="ver">10</span>But I have made Esau bare, I have uncovered his secret places, and he shall not be able to hide himself: his seed is spoiled, and his brethren, and his neighbours, and he is not. <span class="ver">11</span>Leave thy fatherless children, I will preserve themM
alive; and let thy widows trust in me. <span class="ver">12</span>For thus saith the LORD; Behold, they whose judgment was not to drink of the cup have assuredly drunken; and art thou he that shall altogether go unpunished? thou shalt not go unpunished, but thou shalt surely drink of it. <span class="ver">13</span>For I have sworn by myself, saith the LORD, that Bozrah shall become a desolation, a reproach, a waste, and a curse; and all the cities thereof shall be perpetual wastes. <span class="ver">14</span>I havM
e heard a rumour from the LORD, and an ambassador is sent unto the heathen, saying, Gather ye together, and come against her, and rise up to the battle. <span class="ver">15</span>For, lo, I will make thee small among the heathen, and despised among men. <span class="ver">16</span>Thy terribleness hath deceived thee, and the pride of thine heart, O thou that dwellest in the clefts of the rock, that holdest the height of the hill: though thou shouldest make thy nest as high as the eagle, I will bring thee down from M
thence, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">17</span>Also Edom shall be a desolation: every one that goeth by it shall be astonished, and shall hiss at all the plagues thereof. <span class="ver">18</span>As in the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah and the neighbour cities thereof, saith the LORD, no man shall abide there, neither shall a son of man dwell in it. <span class="ver">19</span>Behold, he shall come up like a lion from the swelling of Jordan against the habitation of the strong: but I will suddenly make him rM
un away from her: and who is a chosen man, that I may appoint over her? for who is like me? and who will appoint me the time? and who is that shepherd that will stand before me? <span class="ver">20</span>Therefore hear the counsel of the LORD, that he hath taken against Edom; and his purposes, that he hath purposed against the inhabitants of Teman: Surely the least of the flock shall draw them out: surely he shall make their habitations desolate with them. <span class="ver">21</span>The earth is moved at the noiseM
of their fall, at the cry the noise thereof was heard in the Red sea. <span class="ver">22</span>Behold, he shall come up and fly as the eagle, and spread his wings over Bozrah: and at that day shall the heart of the mighty men of Edom be as the heart of a woman in her pangs. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>Concerning Damascus. Hamath is confounded, and Arpad: for they have heard evil tidings: they are fainthearted; there is sorrow on the sea; it cannot be quiet. <span class="ver">24</span>Damascus is waxed fM
eeble, and turneth herself to flee, and fear hath seized on her: anguish and sorrows have taken her, as a woman in travail. <span class="ver">25</span>How is the city of praise not left, the city of my joy! <span class="ver">26</span>Therefore her young men shall fall in her streets, and all the men of war shall be cut off in that day, saith the LORD of hosts. <span class="ver">27</span>And I will kindle a fire in the wall of Damascus, and it shall consume the palaces of Ben-hadad. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</sM
pan>Concerning Kedar, and concerning the kingdoms of Hazor, which Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon shall smite, thus saith the LORD; Arise ye, go up to Kedar, and spoil the men of the east. <span class="ver">29</span>Their tents and their flocks shall they take away: they shall take to themselves their curtains, and all their vessels, and their camels; and they shall cry unto them, Fear is on every side. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>Flee, get you far off, dwell deep, O ye inhabitants of Hazor, saith the LORD;M
for Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon hath taken counsel against you, and hath conceived a purpose against you. <span class="ver">31</span>Arise, get you up unto the wealthy nation, that dwelleth without care, saith the LORD, which have neither gates nor bars, which dwell alone. <span class="ver">32</span>And their camels shall be a booty, and the multitude of their cattle a spoil: and I will scatter into all winds them that are in the utmost corners; and I will bring their calamity from all sides thereof, saith the M
LORD. <span class="ver">33</span>And Hazor shall be a dwelling for dragons, and a desolation for ever: there shall no man abide there, nor any son of man dwell in it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">34</span>The word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah the prophet against Elam in the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah, saying, <span class="ver">35</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Behold, I will break the bow of Elam, the chief of their might. <span class="ver">36</span>And upon Elam will I bring the fourM
winds from the four quarters of heaven, and will scatter them toward all those winds; and there shall be no nation whither the outcasts of Elam shall not come. <span class="ver">37</span>For I will cause Elam to be dismayed before their enemies, and before them that seek their life: and I will bring evil upon them, even my fierce anger, saith the LORD; and I will send the sword after them, till I have consumed them: <span class="ver">38</span>And I will set my throne in Elam, and will destroy from thence the king M
and the princes, saith the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">39</span>But it shall come to pass in the latter days, that I will bring again the captivity of Elam, saith the LORD.
<h2 id="c50">Chapter 50</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The word that the LORD spake against Babylon and against the land of the Chaldeans by Jeremiah the prophet. <span class="ver">2</span>Declare ye among the nations, and publish, and set up a standard; publish, and conceal not: say, Babylon is taken, Bel is confounded, Merodach M
is broken in pieces; her idols are confounded, her images are broken in pieces. <span class="ver">3</span>For out of the north there cometh up a nation against her, which shall make her land desolate, and none shall dwell therein: they shall remove, they shall depart, both man and beast. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>In those days, and in that time, saith the LORD, the children of Israel shall come, they and the children of Judah together, going and weeping: they shall go, and seek the LORD their God. <span cM
lass="ver">5</span>They shall ask the way to Zion with their faces thitherward, saying, Come, and let us join ourselves to the LORD in a perpetual covenant that shall not be forgotten. <span class="ver">6</span>My people hath been lost sheep: their shepherds have caused them to go astray, they have turned them away on the mountains: they have gone from mountain to hill, they have forgotten their restingplace. <span class="ver">7</span>All that found them have devoured them: and their adversaries said, We offend notM
, because they have sinned against the LORD, the habitation of justice, even the LORD, the hope of their fathers. <span class="ver">8</span>Remove out of the midst of Babylon, and go forth out of the land of the Chaldeans, and be as the he goats before the flocks. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>For, lo, I will raise and cause to come up against Babylon an assembly of great nations from the north country: and they shall set themselves in array against her; from thence she shall be taken: their arrows shall be aM
s of a mighty expert man; none shall return in vain. <span class="ver">10</span>And Chaldea shall be a spoil: all that spoil her shall be satisfied, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">11</span>Because ye were glad, because ye rejoiced, O ye destroyers of mine heritage, because ye are grown fat as the heifer at grass, and bellow as bulls; <span class="ver">12</span>Your mother shall be sore confounded; she that bare you shall be ashamed: behold, the hindermost of the nations shall be a wilderness, a dry land, and a dM
esert. <span class="ver">13</span>Because of the wrath of the LORD it shall not be inhabited, but it shall be wholly desolate: every one that goeth by Babylon shall be astonished, and hiss at all her plagues. <span class="ver">14</span>Put yourselves in array against Babylon round about: all ye that bend the bow, shoot at her, spare no arrows: for she hath sinned against the LORD. <span class="ver">15</span>Shout against her round about: she hath given her hand: her foundations are fallen, her walls are thrown downM
: for it is the vengeance of the LORD: take vengeance upon her; as she hath done, do unto her. <span class="ver">16</span>Cut off the sower from Babylon, and him that handleth the sickle in the time of harvest: for fear of the oppressing sword they shall turn every one to his people, and they shall flee every one to his own land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Israel is a scattered sheep; the lions have driven him away: first the king of Assyria hath devoured him; and last this Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon M
hath broken his bones. <span class="ver">18</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Behold, I will punish the king of Babylon and his land, as I have punished the king of Assyria. <span class="ver">19</span>And I will bring Israel again to his habitation, and he shall feed on Carmel and Bashan, and his soul shall be satisfied upon mount Ephraim and Gilead. <span class="ver">20</span>In those days, and in that time, saith the LORD, the iniquity of Israel shall be sought for, and there shall M
be none; and the sins of Judah, and they shall not be found: for I will pardon them whom I reserve. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Go up against the land of Merathaim, even against it, and against the inhabitants of Pekod: waste and utterly destroy after them, saith the LORD, and do according to all that I have commanded thee. <span class="ver">22</span>A sound of battle is in the land, and of great destruction. <span class="ver">23</span>How is the hammer of the whole earth cut asunder and broken! how is BabM
ylon become a desolation among the nations! <span class="ver">24</span>I have laid a snare for thee, and thou art also taken, O Babylon, and thou wast not aware: thou art found, and also caught, because thou hast striven against the LORD. <span class="ver">25</span>The LORD hath opened his armoury, and hath brought forth the weapons of his indignation: for this is the work of the Lord GOD of hosts in the land of the Chaldeans. <span class="ver">26</span>Come against her from the utmost border, open her storehouses:M
cast her up as heaps, and destroy her utterly: let nothing of her be left. <span class="ver">27</span>Slay all her bullocks; let them go down to the slaughter: woe unto them! for their day is come, the time of their visitation. <span class="ver">28</span>The voice of them that flee and escape out of the land of Babylon, to declare in Zion the vengeance of the LORD our God, the vengeance of his temple. <span class="ver">29</span>Call together the archers against Babylon: all ye that bend the bow, camp against it roM
und about; let none thereof escape: recompense her according to her work; according to all that she hath done, do unto her: for she hath been proud against the LORD, against the Holy One of Israel. <span class="ver">30</span>Therefore shall her young men fall in the streets, and all her men of war shall be cut off in that day, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">31</span>Behold, I am against thee, O thou most proud, saith the Lord GOD of hosts: for thy day is come, the time that I will visit thee. <span class="ver">3M
2</span>And the most proud shall stumble and fall, and none shall raise him up: and I will kindle a fire in his cities, and it shall devour all round about him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts; The children of Israel and the children of Judah were oppressed together: and all that took them captives held them fast; they refused to let them go. <span class="ver">34</span>Their Redeemer is strong; the LORD of hosts is his name: he shall throughly plead their cause, that he may give reM
st to the land, and disquiet the inhabitants of Babylon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">35</span>A sword is upon the Chaldeans, saith the LORD, and upon the inhabitants of Babylon, and upon her princes, and upon her wise men. <span class="ver">36</span>A sword is upon the liars; and they shall dote: a sword is upon her mighty men; and they shall be dismayed. <span class="ver">37</span>A sword is upon their horses, and upon their chariots, and upon all the mingled people that are in the midst of her; and they shall becM
ome as women: a sword is upon her treasures; and they shall be robbed. <span class="ver">38</span>A drought is upon her waters; and they shall be dried up: for it is the land of graven images, and they are mad upon their idols. <span class="ver">39</span>Therefore the wild beasts of the desert with the wild beasts of the islands shall dwell there, and the owls shall dwell therein: and it shall be no more inhabited for ever; neither shall it be dwelt in from generation to generation. <span class="ver">40</span>As GoM
d overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah and the neighbour cities thereof, saith the LORD; so shall no man abide there, neither shall any son of man dwell therein. <span class="ver">41</span>Behold, a people shall come from the north, and a great nation, and many kings shall be raised up from the coasts of the earth. <span class="ver">42</span>They shall hold the bow and the lance: they are cruel, and will not shew mercy: their voice shall roar like the sea, and they shall ride upon horses, every one put in array, like a manM
to the battle, against thee, O daughter of Babylon. <span class="ver">43</span>The king of Babylon hath heard the report of them, and his hands waxed feeble: anguish took hold of him, and pangs as of a woman in travail. <span class="ver">44</span>Behold, he shall come up like a lion from the swelling of Jordan unto the habitation of the strong: but I will make them suddenly run away from her: and who is a chosen man, that I may appoint over her? for who is like me? and who will appoint me the time? and who is thatM
shepherd that will stand before me? <span class="ver">45</span>Therefore hear ye the counsel of the LORD, that he hath taken against Babylon; and his purposes, that he hath purposed against the land of the Chaldeans: Surely the least of the flock shall draw them out: surely he shall make their habitation desolate with them. <span class="ver">46</span>At the noise of the taking of Babylon the earth is moved, and the cry is heard among the nations.
<h2 id="c51">Chapter 51</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>ThusM
saith the LORD; Behold, I will raise up against Babylon, and against them that dwell in the midst of them that rise up against me, a destroying wind; <span class="ver">2</span>And will send unto Babylon fanners, that shall fan her, and shall empty her land: for in the day of trouble they shall be against her round about. <span class="ver">3</span>Against him that bendeth let the archer bend his bow, and against him that lifteth himself up in his brigandine: and spare ye not her young men; destroy ye utterly all heM
r host. <span class="ver">4</span>Thus the slain shall fall in the land of the Chaldeans, and they that are thrust through in her streets. <span class="ver">5</span>For Israel hath not been forsaken, nor Judah of his God, of the LORD of hosts; though their land was filled with sin against the Holy One of Israel. <span class="ver">6</span>Flee out of the midst of Babylon, and deliver every man his soul: be not cut off in her iniquity; for this is the time of the LORD
s vengeance; he will render unto her a recompenM
ce. <span class="ver">7</span>Babylon hath been a golden cup in the LORD
s hand, that made all the earth drunken: the nations have drunken of her wine; therefore the nations are mad. <span class="ver">8</span>Babylon is suddenly fallen and destroyed: howl for her; take balm for her pain, if so be she may be healed. <span class="ver">9</span>We would have healed Babylon, but she is not healed: forsake her, and let us go every one into his own country: for her judgment reacheth unto heaven, and is lifted up even toM
the skies. <span class="ver">10</span>The LORD hath brought forth our righteousness: come, and let us declare in Zion the work of the LORD our God. <span class="ver">11</span>Make bright the arrows; gather the shields: the LORD hath raised up the spirit of the kings of the Medes: for his device is against Babylon, to destroy it; because it is the vengeance of the LORD, the vengeance of his temple. <span class="ver">12</span>Set up the standard upon the walls of Babylon, make the watch strong, set up the watchmen, M
prepare the ambushes: for the LORD hath both devised and done that which he spake against the inhabitants of Babylon. <span class="ver">13</span>O thou that dwellest upon many waters, abundant in treasures, thine end is come, and the measure of thy covetousness. <span class="ver">14</span>The LORD of hosts hath sworn by himself, saying, Surely I will fill thee with men, as with caterpillers; and they shall lift up a shout against thee. <span class="ver">15</span>He hath made the earth by his power, he hath establisM
hed the world by his wisdom, and hath stretched out the heaven by his understanding. <span class="ver">16</span>When he uttereth his voice, there is a multitude of waters in the heavens; and he causeth the vapours to ascend from the ends of the earth: he maketh lightnings with rain, and bringeth forth the wind out of his treasures. <span class="ver">17</span>Every man is brutish by his knowledge; every founder is confounded by the graven image: for his molten image is falsehood, and there is no breath in them. <spaM
n class="ver">18</span>They are vanity, the work of errors: in the time of their visitation they shall perish. <span class="ver">19</span>The portion of Jacob is not like them; for he is the former of all things: and Israel is the rod of his inheritance: the LORD of hosts is his name. <span class="ver">20</span>Thou art my battle axe and weapons of war: for with thee will I break in pieces the nations, and with thee will I destroy kingdoms; <span class="ver">21</span>And with thee will I break in pieces the horse aM
nd his rider; and with thee will I break in pieces the chariot and his rider; <span class="ver">22</span>With thee also will I break in pieces man and woman; and with thee will I break in pieces old and young; and with thee will I break in pieces the young man and the maid; <span class="ver">23</span>I will also break in pieces with thee the shepherd and his flock; and with thee will I break in pieces the husbandman and his yoke of oxen; and with thee will I break in pieces captains and rulers. <span class="ver">24M
</span>And I will render unto Babylon and to all the inhabitants of Chaldea all their evil that they have done in Zion in your sight, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">25</span>Behold, I am against thee, O destroying mountain, saith the LORD, which destroyest all the earth: and I will stretch out mine hand upon thee, and roll thee down from the rocks, and will make thee a burnt mountain. <span class="ver">26</span>And they shall not take of thee a stone for a corner, nor a stone for foundations; but thou shalt be dM
esolate for ever, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">27</span>Set ye up a standard in the land, blow the trumpet among the nations, prepare the nations against her, call together against her the kingdoms of Ararat, Minni, and Ashchenaz; appoint a captain against her; cause the horses to come up as the rough caterpillers. <span class="ver">28</span>Prepare against her the nations with the kings of the Medes, the captains thereof, and all the rulers thereof, and all the land of his dominion. <span class="ver">29</spanM
>And the land shall tremble and sorrow: for every purpose of the LORD shall be performed against Babylon, to make the land of Babylon a desolation without an inhabitant. <span class="ver">30</span>The mighty men of Babylon have forborn to fight, they have remained in their holds: their might hath failed; they became as women: they have burned her dwellingplaces; her bars are broken. <span class="ver">31</span>One post shall run to meet another, and one messenger to meet another, to shew the king of Babylon that hisM
city is taken at one end, <span class="ver">32</span>And that the passages are stopped, and the reeds they have burned with fire, and the men of war are affrighted. <span class="ver">33</span>For thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; The daughter of Babylon is like a threshingfloor, it is time to thresh her: yet a little while, and the time of her harvest shall come. <span class="ver">34</span>Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon hath devoured me, he hath crushed me, he hath made me an empty vessel, he haM
th swallowed me up like a dragon, he hath filled his belly with my delicates, he hath cast me out. <span class="ver">35</span>The violence done to me and to my flesh be upon Babylon, shall the inhabitant of Zion say; and my blood upon the inhabitants of Chaldea, shall Jerusalem say. <span class="ver">36</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will plead thy cause, and take vengeance for thee; and I will dry up her sea, and make her springs dry. <span class="ver">37</span>And Babylon shall become heaps, a dweM
llingplace for dragons, an astonishment, and an hissing, without an inhabitant. <span class="ver">38</span>They shall roar together like lions: they shall yell as lions
whelps. <span class="ver">39</span>In their heat I will make their feasts, and I will make them drunken, that they may rejoice, and sleep a perpetual sleep, and not wake, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">40</span>I will bring them down like lambs to the slaughter, like rams with he goats. <span class="ver">41</span>How is Sheshach taken! and howM
is the praise of the whole earth surprised! how is Babylon become an astonishment among the nations! <span class="ver">42</span>The sea is come up upon Babylon: she is covered with the multitude of the waves thereof. <span class="ver">43</span>Her cities are a desolation, a dry land, and a wilderness, a land wherein no man dwelleth, neither doth any son of man pass thereby. <span class="ver">44</span>And I will punish Bel in Babylon, and I will bring forth out of his mouth that which he hath swallowed up: and the M
nations shall not flow together any more unto him: yea, the wall of Babylon shall fall. <span class="ver">45</span>My people, go ye out of the midst of her, and deliver ye every man his soul from the fierce anger of the LORD. <span class="ver">46</span>And lest your heart faint, and ye fear for the rumour that shall be heard in the land; a rumour shall both come one year, and after that in another year shall come a rumour, and violence in the land, ruler against ruler. <span class="ver">47</span>Therefore, behold, M
the days come, that I will do judgment upon the graven images of Babylon: and her whole land shall be confounded, and all her slain shall fall in the midst of her. <span class="ver">48</span>Then the heaven and the earth, and all that is therein, shall sing for Babylon: for the spoilers shall come unto her from the north, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">49</span>As Babylon hath caused the slain of Israel to fall, so at Babylon shall fall the slain of all the earth. <span class="ver">50</span>Ye that have escaped M
the sword, go away, stand not still: remember the LORD afar off, and let Jerusalem come into your mind. <span class="ver">51</span>We are confounded, because we have heard reproach: shame hath covered our faces: for strangers are come into the sanctuaries of the LORD
s house. <span class="ver">52</span>Wherefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will do judgment upon her graven images: and through all her land the wounded shall groan. <span class="ver">53</span>Though Babylon should mount up to heaveM
n, and though she should fortify the height of her strength, yet from me shall spoilers come unto her, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">54</span>A sound of a cry cometh from Babylon, and great destruction from the land of the Chaldeans: <span class="ver">55</span>Because the LORD hath spoiled Babylon, and destroyed out of her the great voice; when her waves do roar like great waters, a noise of their voice is uttered: <span class="ver">56</span>Because the spoiler is come upon her, even upon Babylon, and her mighM
ty men are taken, every one of their bows is broken: for the LORD God of recompences shall surely requite. <span class="ver">57</span>And I will make drunk her princes, and her wise men, her captains, and her rulers, and her mighty men: and they shall sleep a perpetual sleep, and not wake, saith the King, whose name is the LORD of hosts. <span class="ver">58</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts; The broad walls of Babylon shall be utterly broken, and her high gates shall be burned with fire; and the people shall laboM
ur in vain, and the folk in the fire, and they shall be weary. </p>
<p><span class="ver">59</span>The word which Jeremiah the prophet commanded Seraiah the son of Neriah, the son of Maaseiah, when he went with Zedekiah the king of Judah into Babylon in the fourth year of his reign. And this Seraiah was a quiet prince. <span class="ver">60</span>So Jeremiah wrote in a book all the evil that should come upon Babylon, even all these words that are written against Babylon. <span class="ver">61</span>And Jeremiah saidM
to Seraiah, When thou comest to Babylon, and shalt see, and shalt read all these words; <span class="ver">62</span>Then shalt thou say, O LORD, thou hast spoken against this place, to cut it off, that none shall remain in it, neither man nor beast, but that it shall be desolate for ever. <span class="ver">63</span>And it shall be, when thou hast made an end of reading this book, that thou shalt bind a stone to it, and cast it into the midst of Euphrates: <span class="ver">64</span>And thou shalt say, Thus shall BaM
bylon sink, and shall not rise from the evil that I will bring upon her: and they shall be weary. Thus far are the words of Jeremiah.
<h2 id="c52">Chapter 52</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Zedekiah was one and twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. And his mother
s name was Hamutal the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah. <span class="ver">2</span>And he did that which was evil in the eyes of the LORD, according to all that Jehoiakim had done. <span class="ver">3</sM
pan>For through the anger of the LORD it came to pass in Jerusalem and Judah, till he had cast them out from his presence, that Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, in the tenth day of the month, that Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon came, he and all his army, against Jerusalem, and pitched against it, and built forts against it round about. <span class="ver">5</span>So the city was besieged unto the M
eleventh year of king Zedekiah. <span class="ver">6</span>And in the fourth month, in the ninth day of the month, the famine was sore in the city, so that there was no bread for the people of the land. <span class="ver">7</span>Then the city was broken up, and all the men of war fled, and went forth out of the city by night by the way of the gate between the two walls, which was by the king
s garden; (now the Chaldeans were by the city round about:) and they went by the way of the plain. </p>
<p><span class="veM
r">8</span>But the army of the Chaldeans pursued after the king, and overtook Zedekiah in the plains of Jericho; and all his army was scattered from him. <span class="ver">9</span>Then they took the king, and carried him up unto the king of Babylon to Riblah in the land of Hamath; where he gave judgment upon him. <span class="ver">10</span>And the king of Babylon slew the sons of Zedekiah before his eyes: he slew also all the princes of Judah in Riblah. <span class="ver">11</span>Then he put out the eyes of ZedekiaM
h; and the king of Babylon bound him in chains, and carried him to Babylon, and put him in prison till the day of his death. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Now in the fifth month, in the tenth day of the month, which was the nineteenth year of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, came Nebuzar-adan, captain of the guard, which served the king of Babylon, into Jerusalem, <span class="ver">13</span>And burned the house of the LORD, and the king
s house; and all the houses of Jerusalem, and all the houses of the greM
at men, burned he with fire: <span class="ver">14</span>And all the army of the Chaldeans, that were with the captain of the guard, brake down all the walls of Jerusalem round about. <span class="ver">15</span>Then Nebuzar-adan the captain of the guard carried away captive certain of the poor of the people, and the residue of the people that remained in the city, and those that fell away, that fell to the king of Babylon, and the rest of the multitude. <span class="ver">16</span>But Nebuzar-adan the captain of the M
guard left certain of the poor of the land for vinedressers and for husbandmen. <span class="ver">17</span>Also the pillars of brass that were in the house of the LORD, and the bases, and the brasen sea that was in the house of the LORD, the Chaldeans brake, and carried all the brass of them to Babylon. <span class="ver">18</span>The caldrons also, and the shovels, and the snuffers, and the bowls, and the spoons, and all the vessels of brass wherewith they ministered, took they away. <span class="ver">19</span>And M
the basons, and the firepans, and the bowls, and the caldrons, and the candlesticks, and the spoons, and the cups; that which was of gold in gold, and that which was of silver in silver, took the captain of the guard away. <span class="ver">20</span>The two pillars, one sea, and twelve brasen bulls that were under the bases, which king Solomon had made in the house of the LORD: the brass of all these vessels was without weight. <span class="ver">21</span>And concerning the pillars, the height of one pillar was eighM
teen cubits; and a fillet of twelve cubits did compass it; and the thickness thereof was four fingers: it was hollow. <span class="ver">22</span>And a chapiter of brass was upon it; and the height of one chapiter was five cubits, with network and pomegranates upon the chapiters round about, all of brass. The second pillar also and the pomegranates were like unto these. <span class="ver">23</span>And there were ninety and six pomegranates on a side; and all the pomegranates upon the network were an hundred round aboM
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And the captain of the guard took Seraiah the chief priest, and Zephaniah the second priest, and the three keepers of the door: <span class="ver">25</span>He took also out of the city an eunuch, which had the charge of the men of war; and seven men of them that were near the king
s person, which were found in the city; and the principal scribe of the host, who mustered the people of the land; and threescore men of the people of the land, that were found in the midst of theM
city. <span class="ver">26</span>So Nebuzar-adan the captain of the guard took them, and brought them to the king of Babylon to Riblah. <span class="ver">27</span>And the king of Babylon smote them, and put them to death in Riblah in the land of Hamath. Thus Judah was carried away captive out of his own land. <span class="ver">28</span>This is the people whom Nebuchadrezzar carried away captive: in the seventh year three thousand Jews and three and twenty: <span class="ver">29</span>In the eighteenth year of NebucM
hadrezzar he carried away captive from Jerusalem eight hundred thirty and two persons: <span class="ver">30</span>In the three and twentieth year of Nebuchadrezzar Nebuzar-adan the captain of the guard carried away captive of the Jews seven hundred forty and five persons: all the persons were four thousand and six hundred. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>And it came to pass in the seven and thirtieth year of the captivity of Jehoiachin king of Judah, in the twelfth month, in the five and twentieth day of the mM
onth, that Evil-merodach king of Babylon in the first year of his reign lifted up the head of Jehoiachin king of Judah, and brought him forth out of prison, <span class="ver">32</span>And spake kindly unto him, and set his throne above the throne of the kings that were with him in Babylon, <span class="ver">33</span>And changed his prison garments: and he did continually eat bread before him all the days of his life. <span class="ver">34</span>And for his diet, there was a continual diet given him of the king of BaL
bylon, every day a portion until the day of his death, all the days of his life. </p>
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<title>DEUTERONOMY</title>
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<span>THE FIFTH BOOK OF MOSES, CALLED</span>
<div class="content-table">
<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="#c10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="#c11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="#c12">12</a></li>
<li><a href="#c13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="#c14">14</a></li>
<li><a href="#c15">15</a></li>
<li><a href="#c16">16</a></li>
<li><a href="#c17">17</a></li>
<li><a href="#c18">18</a></li>
<li><a href="#c19">19</a></li>
<li><a href="#c20">20</a></li>
<li><a href="#c21">21</a></li>
<li><a href="#c22">22</a></li>
<li><a href="#c23">23</a></li>
<li><a href="#c24">24</a></li>
<li><a href="#c25">25</a></li>
<li><a href="#c26">26</a></li>
<li><a href="#c27">27</a></li>
<li><a href="#c28">28</a></li>
<li><a href="#c29">29</a></li>
<li><a href="#c31">31</a></li>
<li><a href="#c32">32</a></li>
<li><a href="#c33">33</a></li>
<li><a href="#c34">34</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>These be the words which Moses spake unto all Israel on this side Jordan in the wilderness, in the plain over against the Red sea, between Paran, and Tophel, and Laban, and Hazeroth, and Dizahab. <span class="ver">2</span>(There are eleven days
journey from Horeb by the wayM
of mount Seir unto Kadesh-barnea.) <span class="ver">3</span>And it came to pass in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, that Moses spake unto the children of Israel, according unto all that the LORD had given him in commandment unto them; <span class="ver">4</span>After he had slain Sihon the king of the Amorites, which dwelt in Heshbon, and Og the king of Bashan, which dwelt at Astaroth in Edrei: <span class="ver">5</span>On this side Jordan, in the land of Moab, began Moses tM
o declare this law, saying, <span class="ver">6</span>The LORD our God spake unto us in Horeb, saying, Ye have dwelt long enough in this mount: <span class="ver">7</span>Turn you, and take your journey, and go to the mount of the Amorites, and unto all the places nigh thereunto, in the plain, in the hills, and in the vale, and in the south, and by the sea side, to the land of the Canaanites, and unto Lebanon, unto the great river, the river Euphrates. <span class="ver">8</span>Behold, I have set the land before youM
: go in and possess the land which the LORD sware unto your fathers, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, to give unto them and to their seed after them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And I spake unto you at that time, saying, I am not able to bear you myself alone: <span class="ver">10</span>The LORD your God hath multiplied you, and, behold, ye are this day as the stars of heaven for multitude. <span class="ver">11</span>(The LORD God of your fathers make you a thousand times so many more as ye are, and bless you, asM
he hath promised you!) <span class="ver">12</span>How can I myself alone bear your cumbrance, and your burden, and your strife? <span class="ver">13</span>Take you wise men, and understanding, and known among your tribes, and I will make them rulers over you. <span class="ver">14</span>And ye answered me, and said, The thing which thou hast spoken is good for us to do. <span class="ver">15</span>So I took the chief of your tribes, wise men, and known, and made them heads over you, captains over thousands, and captM
ains over hundreds, and captains over fifties, and captains over tens, and officers among your tribes. <span class="ver">16</span>And I charged your judges at that time, saying, Hear the causes between your brethren, and judge righteously between every man and his brother, and the stranger that is with him. <span class="ver">17</span>Ye shall not respect persons in judgment; but ye shall hear the small as well as the great; ye shall not be afraid of the face of man; for the judgment is God
s: and the cause that iM
s too hard for you, bring it unto me, and I will hear it. <span class="ver">18</span>And I commanded you at that time all the things which ye should do. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And when we departed from Horeb, we went through all that great and terrible wilderness, which ye saw by the way of the mountain of the Amorites, as the LORD our God commanded us; and we came to Kadesh-barnea. <span class="ver">20</span>And I said unto you, Ye are come unto the mountain of the Amorites, which the LORD our God doM
th give unto us. <span class="ver">21</span>Behold, the LORD thy God hath set the land before thee: go up and possess it, as the LORD God of thy fathers hath said unto thee; fear not, neither be discouraged. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And ye came near unto me every one of you, and said, We will send men before us, and they shall search us out the land, and bring us word again by what way we must go up, and into what cities we shall come. <span class="ver">23</span>And the saying pleased me well: and I tooM
k twelve men of you, one of a tribe: <span class="ver">24</span>And they turned and went up into the mountain, and came unto the valley of Eshcol, and searched it out. <span class="ver">25</span>And they took of the fruit of the land in their hands, and brought it down unto us, and brought us word again, and said, It is a good land which the LORD our God doth give us. <span class="ver">26</span>Notwithstanding ye would not go up, but rebelled against the commandment of the LORD your God: <span class="ver">27</span>M
And ye murmured in your tents, and said, Because the LORD hated us, he hath brought us forth out of the land of Egypt, to deliver us into the hand of the Amorites, to destroy us. <span class="ver">28</span>Whither shall we go up? our brethren have discouraged our heart, saying, The people is greater and taller than we; the cities are great and walled up to heaven; and moreover we have seen the sons of the Anakims there. <span class="ver">29</span>Then I said unto you, Dread not, neither be afraid of them. <span claM
ss="ver">30</span>The LORD your God which goeth before you, he shall fight for you, according to all that he did for you in Egypt before your eyes; <span class="ver">31</span>And in the wilderness, where thou hast seen how that the LORD thy God bare thee, as a man doth bear his son, in all the way that ye went, until ye came into this place. <span class="ver">32</span>Yet in this thing ye did not believe the LORD your God, <span class="ver">33</span>Who went in the way before you, to search you out a place to pitchM
your tents in, in fire by night, to shew you by what way ye should go, and in a cloud by day. <span class="ver">34</span>And the LORD heard the voice of your words, and was wroth, and sware, saying, <span class="ver">35</span>Surely there shall not one of these men of this evil generation see that good land, which I sware to give unto your fathers, <span class="ver">36</span>Save Caleb the son of Jephunneh; he shall see it, and to him will I give the land that he hath trodden upon, and to his children, because he M
hath wholly followed the LORD. <span class="ver">37</span>Also the LORD was angry with me for your sakes, saying, Thou also shalt not go in thither. <span class="ver">38</span>But Joshua the son of Nun, which standeth before thee, he shall go in thither: encourage him: for he shall cause Israel to inherit it. <span class="ver">39</span>Moreover your little ones, which ye said should be a prey, and your children, which in that day had no knowledge between good and evil, they shall go in thither, and unto them will IM
give it, and they shall possess it. <span class="ver">40</span>But as for you, turn you, and take your journey into the wilderness by the way of the Red sea. <span class="ver">41</span>Then ye answered and said unto me, We have sinned against the LORD, we will go up and fight, according to all that the LORD our God commanded us. And when ye had girded on every man his weapons of war, ye were ready to go up into the hill. <span class="ver">42</span>And the LORD said unto me, Say unto them, Go not up, neither fight;M
for I am not among you; lest ye be smitten before your enemies. <span class="ver">43</span>So I spake unto you; and ye would not hear, but rebelled against the commandment of the LORD, and went presumptuously up into the hill. <span class="ver">44</span>And the Amorites, which dwelt in that mountain, came out against you, and chased you, as bees do, and destroyed you in Seir, even unto Hormah. <span class="ver">45</span>And ye returned and wept before the LORD; but the LORD would not hearken to your voice, nor givM
e ear unto you. <span class="ver">46</span>So ye abode in Kadesh many days, according unto the days that ye abode there.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then we turned, and took our journey into the wilderness by the way of the Red sea, as the LORD spake unto me: and we compassed mount Seir many days. <span class="ver">2</span>And the LORD spake unto me, saying, <span class="ver">3</span>Ye have compassed this mountain long enough: turn you northward. <span class="ver">4</span>And commM
and thou the people, saying, Ye are to pass through the coast of your brethren the children of Esau, which dwell in Seir; and they shall be afraid of you: take ye good heed unto yourselves therefore: <span class="ver">5</span>Meddle not with them; for I will not give you of their land, no, not so much as a foot breadth; because I have given mount Seir unto Esau for a possession. <span class="ver">6</span>Ye shall buy meat of them for money, that ye may eat; and ye shall also buy water of them for money, that ye mayM
drink. <span class="ver">7</span>For the LORD thy God hath blessed thee in all the works of thy hand: he knoweth thy walking through this great wilderness: these forty years the LORD thy God hath been with thee; thou hast lacked nothing. <span class="ver">8</span>And when we passed by from our brethren the children of Esau, which dwelt in Seir, through the way of the plain from Elath, and from Ezion-gaber, we turned and passed by the way of the wilderness of Moab. <span class="ver">9</span>And the LORD said unto mM
e, Distress not the Moabites, neither contend with them in battle: for I will not give thee of their land for a possession; because I have given Ar unto the children of Lot for a possession. <span class="ver">10</span>The Emims dwelt therein in times past, a people great, and many, and tall, as the Anakims; <span class="ver">11</span>Which also were accounted giants, as the Anakims; but the Moabites call them Emims. <span class="ver">12</span>The Horims also dwelt in Seir beforetime; but the children of Esau succeeM
ded them, when they had destroyed them from before them, and dwelt in their stead; as Israel did unto the land of his possession, which the LORD gave unto them. <span class="ver">13</span>Now rise up, said I, and get you over the brook Zered. And we went over the brook Zered. <span class="ver">14</span>And the space in which we came from Kadesh-barnea, until we were come over the brook Zered, was thirty and eight years; until all the generation of the men of war were wasted out from among the host, as the LORD swarM
e unto them. <span class="ver">15</span>For indeed the hand of the LORD was against them, to destroy them from among the host, until they were consumed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>So it came to pass, when all the men of war were consumed and dead from among the people, <span class="ver">17</span>That the LORD spake unto me, saying, <span class="ver">18</span>Thou art to pass over through Ar, the coast of Moab, this day: <span class="ver">19</span>And when thou comest nigh over against the children of AmmoM
n, distress them not, nor meddle with them: for I will not give thee of the land of the children of Ammon any possession; because I have given it unto the children of Lot for a possession. <span class="ver">20</span>(That also was accounted a land of giants: giants dwelt therein in old time; and the Ammonites call them Zamzummims; <span class="ver">21</span>A people great, and many, and tall, as the Anakims; but the LORD destroyed them before them; and they succeeded them, and dwelt in their stead: <span class="verM
">22</span>As he did to the children of Esau, which dwelt in Seir, when he destroyed the Horims from before them; and they succeeded them, and dwelt in their stead even unto this day: <span class="ver">23</span>And the Avims which dwelt in Hazerim, even unto Azzah, the Caphtorims, which came forth out of Caphtor, destroyed them, and dwelt in their stead.) </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>Rise ye up, take your journey, and pass over the river Arnon: behold, I have given into thine hand Sihon the Amorite, king ofM
Heshbon, and his land: begin to possess it, and contend with him in battle. <span class="ver">25</span>This day will I begin to put the dread of thee and the fear of thee upon the nations that are under the whole heaven, who shall hear report of thee, and shall tremble, and be in anguish because of thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>And I sent messengers out of the wilderness of Kedemoth unto Sihon king of Heshbon with words of peace, saying, <span class="ver">27</span>Let me pass through thy land: I will M
go along by the high way, I will neither turn unto the right hand nor to the left. <span class="ver">28</span>Thou shalt sell me meat for money, that I may eat; and give me water for money, that I may drink: only I will pass through on my feet; <span class="ver">29</span>(As the children of Esau which dwell in Seir, and the Moabites which dwell in Ar, did unto me;) until I shall pass over Jordan into the land which the LORD our God giveth us. <span class="ver">30</span>But Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us pasM
s by him: for the LORD thy God hardened his spirit, and made his heart obstinate, that he might deliver him into thy hand, as appeareth this day. <span class="ver">31</span>And the LORD said unto me, Behold, I have begun to give Sihon and his land before thee: begin to possess, that thou mayest inherit his land. <span class="ver">32</span>Then Sihon came out against us, he and all his people, to fight at Jahaz. <span class="ver">33</span>And the LORD our God delivered him before us; and we smote him, and his sons, M
and all his people. <span class="ver">34</span>And we took all his cities at that time, and utterly destroyed the men, and the women, and the little ones, of every city, we left none to remain: <span class="ver">35</span>Only the cattle we took for a prey unto ourselves, and the spoil of the cities which we took. <span class="ver">36</span>From Aroer, which is by the brink of the river of Arnon, and from the city that is by the river, even unto Gilead, there was not one city too strong for us: the LORD our God deliM
vered all unto us: <span class="ver">37</span>Only unto the land of the children of Ammon thou camest not, nor unto any place of the river Jabbok, nor unto the cities in the mountains, nor unto whatsoever the LORD our God forbad us.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then we turned, and went up the way to Bashan: and Og the king of Bashan came out against us, he and all his people, to battle at Edrei. <span class="ver">2</span>And the LORD said unto me, Fear him not: for I will deliver hiM
m, and all his people, and his land, into thy hand; and thou shalt do unto him as thou didst unto Sihon king of the Amorites, which dwelt at Heshbon. <span class="ver">3</span>So the LORD our God delivered into our hands Og also, the king of Bashan, and all his people: and we smote him until none was left to him remaining. <span class="ver">4</span>And we took all his cities at that time, there was not a city which we took not from them, threescore cities, all the region of Argob, the kingdom of Og in Bashan. <spanM
class="ver">5</span>All these cities were fenced with high walls, gates, and bars; beside unwalled towns a great many. <span class="ver">6</span>And we utterly destroyed them, as we did unto Sihon king of Heshbon, utterly destroying the men, women, and children, of every city. <span class="ver">7</span>But all the cattle, and the spoil of the cities, we took for a prey to ourselves. <span class="ver">8</span>And we took at that time out of the hand of the two kings of the Amorites the land that was on this side JoM
rdan, from the river of Arnon unto mount Hermon; <span class="ver">9</span>(Which Hermon the Sidonians call Sirion; and the Amorites call it Shenir;) <span class="ver">10</span>All the cities of the plain, and all Gilead, and all Bashan, unto Salchah and Edrei, cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan. <span class="ver">11</span>For only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant of giants; behold, his bedstead was a bedstead of iron; is it not in Rabbath of the children of Ammon? nine cubits was the length thereof, anM
d four cubits the breadth of it, after the cubit of a man. <span class="ver">12</span>And this land, which we possessed at that time, from Aroer, which is by the river Arnon, and half mount Gilead, and the cities thereof, gave I unto the Reubenites and to the Gadites. <span class="ver">13</span>And the rest of Gilead, and all Bashan, being the kingdom of Og, gave I unto the half tribe of Manasseh; all the region of Argob, with all Bashan, which was called the land of giants. <span class="ver">14</span>Jair the son M
of Manasseh took all the country of Argob unto the coasts of Geshuri and Maachathi; and called them after his own name, Bashan-havoth-jair, unto this day. <span class="ver">15</span>And I gave Gilead unto Machir. <span class="ver">16</span>And unto the Reubenites and unto the Gadites I gave from Gilead even unto the river Arnon half the valley, and the border even unto the river Jabbok, which is the border of the children of Ammon; <span class="ver">17</span>The plain also, and Jordan, and the coast thereof, from CM
hinnereth even unto the sea of the plain, even the salt sea, under Ashdoth-pisgah eastward. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And I commanded you at that time, saying, The LORD your God hath given you this land to possess it: ye shall pass over armed before your brethren the children of Israel, all that are meet for the war. <span class="ver">19</span>But your wives, and your little ones, and your cattle, (for I know that ye have much cattle,) shall abide in your cities which I have given you; <span class="ver">M
20</span>Until the LORD have given rest unto your brethren, as well as unto you, and until they also possess the land which the LORD your God hath given them beyond Jordan: and then shall ye return every man unto his possession, which I have given you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And I commanded Joshua at that time, saying, Thine eyes have seen all that the LORD your God hath done unto these two kings: so shall the LORD do unto all the kingdoms whither thou passest. <span class="ver">22</span>Ye shall not M
fear them: for the LORD your God he shall fight for you. <span class="ver">23</span>And I besought the LORD at that time, saying, <span class="ver">24</span>O Lord GOD, thou hast begun to shew thy servant thy greatness, and thy mighty hand: for what God is there in heaven or in earth, that can do according to thy works, and according to thy might? <span class="ver">25</span>I pray thee, let me go over, and see the good land that is beyond Jordan, that goodly mountain, and Lebanon. <span class="ver">26</span>But theM
LORD was wroth with me for your sakes, and would not hear me: and the LORD said unto me, Let it suffice thee; speak no more unto me of this matter. <span class="ver">27</span>Get thee up into the top of Pisgah, and lift up thine eyes westward, and northward, and southward, and eastward, and behold it with thine eyes: for thou shalt not go over this Jordan. <span class="ver">28</span>But charge Joshua, and encourage him, and strengthen him: for he shall go over before this people, and he shall cause them to inheritM
the land which thou shalt see. <span class="ver">29</span>So we abode in the valley over against Beth-peor.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now therefore hearken, O Israel, unto the statutes and unto the judgments, which I teach you, for to do them, that ye may live, and go in and possess the land which the LORD God of your fathers giveth you. <span class="ver">2</span>Ye shall not add unto the word which I command you, neither shall ye diminish ought from it, that ye may keep the comM
mandments of the LORD your God which I command you. <span class="ver">3</span>Your eyes have seen what the LORD did because of Baal-peor: for all the men that followed Baal-peor, the LORD thy God hath destroyed them from among you. <span class="ver">4</span>But ye that did cleave unto the LORD your God are alive every one of you this day. <span class="ver">5</span>Behold, I have taught you statutes and judgments, even as the LORD my God commanded me, that ye should do so in the land whither ye go to possess it. <spM
an class="ver">6</span>Keep therefore and do them; for this is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the nations, which shall hear all these statutes, and say, Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people. <span class="ver">7</span>For what nation is there so great, who hath God so nigh unto them, as the LORD our God is in all things that we call upon him for? <span class="ver">8</span>And what nation is there so great, that hath statutes and judgments so righteous as all this law, whichM
I set before you this day? <span class="ver">9</span>Only take heed to thyself, and keep thy soul diligently, lest thou forget the things which thine eyes have seen, and lest they depart from thy heart all the days of thy life: but teach them thy sons, and thy sons
sons; <span class="ver">10</span>Specially the day that thou stoodest before the LORD thy God in Horeb, when the LORD said unto me, Gather me the people together, and I will make them hear my words, that they may learn to fear me all the days that thM
ey shall live upon the earth, and that they may teach their children. <span class="ver">11</span>And ye came near and stood under the mountain; and the mountain burned with fire unto the midst of heaven, with darkness, clouds, and thick darkness. <span class="ver">12</span>And the LORD spake unto you out of the midst of the fire: ye heard the voice of the words, but saw no similitude; only ye heard a voice. <span class="ver">13</span>And he declared unto you his covenant, which he commanded you to perform, even tenM
commandments; and he wrote them upon two tables of stone. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And the LORD commanded me at that time to teach you statutes and judgments, that ye might do them in the land whither ye go over to possess it. <span class="ver">15</span>Take ye therefore good heed unto yourselves; for ye saw no manner of similitude on the day that the LORD spake unto you in Horeb out of the midst of the fire: <span class="ver">16</span>Lest ye corrupt yourselves, and make you a graven image, the similiM
tude of any figure, the likeness of male or female, <span class="ver">17</span>The likeness of any beast that is on the earth, the likeness of any winged fowl that flieth in the air, <span class="ver">18</span>The likeness of any thing that creepeth on the ground, the likeness of any fish that is in the waters beneath the earth: <span class="ver">19</span>And lest thou lift up thine eyes unto heaven, and when thou seest the sun, and the moon, and the stars, even all the host of heaven, shouldest be driven to worshiM
p them, and serve them, which the LORD thy God hath divided unto all nations under the whole heaven. <span class="ver">20</span>But the LORD hath taken you, and brought you forth out of the iron furnace, even out of Egypt, to be unto him a people of inheritance, as ye are this day. <span class="ver">21</span>Furthermore the LORD was angry with me for your sakes, and sware that I should not go over Jordan, and that I should not go in unto that good land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance: <span cM
lass="ver">22</span>But I must die in this land, I must not go over Jordan: but ye shall go over, and possess that good land. <span class="ver">23</span>Take heed unto yourselves, lest ye forget the covenant of the LORD your God, which he made with you, and make you a graven image, or the likeness of any thing, which the LORD thy God hath forbidden thee. <span class="ver">24</span>For the LORD thy God is a consuming fire, even a jealous God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>When thou shalt beget children, and cM
s children, and ye shall have remained long in the land, and shall corrupt yourselves, and make a graven image, or the likeness of any thing, and shall do evil in the sight of the LORD thy God, to provoke him to anger: <span class="ver">26</span>I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that ye shall soon utterly perish from off the land whereunto ye go over Jordan to possess it; ye shall not prolong your days upon it, but shall utterly be destroyed. <span class="ver">27</span>And the LORD M
shall scatter you among the nations, and ye shall be left few in number among the heathen, whither the LORD shall lead you. <span class="ver">28</span>And there ye shall serve gods, the work of men
s hands, wood and stone, which neither see, nor hear, nor eat, nor smell. <span class="ver">29</span>But if from thence thou shalt seek the LORD thy God, thou shalt find him, if thou seek him with all thy heart and with all thy soul. <span class="ver">30</span>When thou art in tribulation, and all these things are comeM
upon thee, even in the latter days, if thou turn to the LORD thy God, and shalt be obedient unto his voice; <span class="ver">31</span>(For the LORD thy God is a merciful God;) he will not forsake thee, neither destroy thee, nor forget the covenant of thy fathers which he sware unto them. <span class="ver">32</span>For ask now of the days that are past, which were before thee, since the day that God created man upon the earth, and ask from the one side of heaven unto the other, whether there hath been any such thiM
ng as this great thing is, or hath been heard like it? <span class="ver">33</span>Did ever people hear the voice of God speaking out of the midst of the fire, as thou hast heard, and live? <span class="ver">34</span>Or hath God assayed to go and take him a nation from the midst of another nation, by temptations, by signs, and by wonders, and by war, and by a mighty hand, and by a stretched out arm, and by great terrors, according to all that the LORD your God did for you in Egypt before your eyes? <span class="ver"M
>35</span>Unto thee it was shewed, that thou mightest know that the LORD he is God; there is none else beside him. <span class="ver">36</span>Out of heaven he made thee to hear his voice, that he might instruct thee: and upon earth he shewed thee his great fire; and thou heardest his words out of the midst of the fire. <span class="ver">37</span>And because he loved thy fathers, therefore he chose their seed after them, and brought thee out in his sight with his mighty power out of Egypt; <span class="ver">38</spanM
>To drive out nations from before thee greater and mightier than thou art, to bring thee in, to give thee their land for an inheritance, as it is this day. <span class="ver">39</span>Know therefore this day, and consider it in thine heart, that the LORD he is God in heaven above, and upon the earth beneath: there is none else. <span class="ver">40</span>Thou shalt keep therefore his statutes, and his commandments, which I command thee this day, that it may go well with thee, and with thy children after thee, and thM
at thou mayest prolong thy days upon the earth, which the LORD thy God giveth thee, for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">41</span>Then Moses severed three cities on this side Jordan toward the sunrising; <span class="ver">42</span>That the slayer might flee thither, which should kill his neighbour unawares, and hated him not in times past; and that fleeing unto one of these cities he might live: <span class="ver">43</span>Namely, Bezer in the wilderness, in the plain country, of the Reubenites; and Ramoth in GileaM
d, of the Gadites; and Golan in Bashan, of the Manassites. </p>
<p><span class="ver">44</span>And this is the law which Moses set before the children of Israel: <span class="ver">45</span>These are the testimonies, and the statutes, and the judgments, which Moses spake unto the children of Israel, after they came forth out of Egypt, <span class="ver">46</span>On this side Jordan, in the valley over against Beth-peor, in the land of Sihon king of the Amorites, who dwelt at Heshbon, whom Moses and the children of IM
srael smote, after they were come forth out of Egypt: <span class="ver">47</span>And they possessed his land, and the land of Og king of Bashan, two kings of the Amorites, which were on this side Jordan toward the sunrising; <span class="ver">48</span>From Aroer, which is by the bank of the river Arnon, even unto mount Sion, which is Hermon, <span class="ver">49</span>And all the plain on this side Jordan eastward, even unto the sea of the plain, under the springs of Pisgah.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
n class="ver">1</span>And Moses called all Israel, and said unto them, Hear, O Israel, the statutes and judgments which I speak in your ears this day, that ye may learn them, and keep, and do them. <span class="ver">2</span>The LORD our God made a covenant with us in Horeb. <span class="ver">3</span>The LORD made not this covenant with our fathers, but with us, even us, who are all of us here alive this day. <span class="ver">4</span>The LORD talked with you face to face in the mount out of the midst of the fire, <M
span class="ver">5</span>(I stood between the LORD and you at that time, to shew you the word of the LORD: for ye were afraid by reason of the fire, and went not up into the mount;) saying, </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>I am the LORD thy God, which brought thee out of the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage. <span class="ver">7</span>Thou shalt have none other gods before me. <span class="ver">8</span>Thou shalt not make thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or thatM
is in the earth beneath, or that is in the waters beneath the earth: <span class="ver">9</span>Thou shalt not bow down thyself unto them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me, <span class="ver">10</span>And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me and keep my commandments. <span class="ver">11</span>Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain: for the LORD will M
not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. <span class="ver">12</span>Keep the sabbath day to sanctify it, as the LORD thy God hath commanded thee. <span class="ver">13</span>Six days thou shalt labour, and do all thy work: <span class="ver">14</span>But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, nor thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thine ox, nor thine ass, nor any of thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gatM
es; that thy manservant and thy maidservant may rest as well as thou. <span class="ver">15</span>And remember that thou wast a servant in the land of Egypt, and that the LORD thy God brought thee out thence through a mighty hand and by a stretched out arm: therefore the LORD thy God commanded thee to keep the sabbath day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Honour thy father and thy mother, as the LORD thy God hath commanded thee; that thy days may be prolonged, and that it may go well with thee, in the land whichM
the LORD thy God giveth thee. <span class="ver">17</span>Thou shalt not kill. <span class="ver">18</span>Neither shalt thou commit adultery. <span class="ver">19</span>Neither shalt thou steal. <span class="ver">20</span>Neither shalt thou bear false witness against thy neighbour. <span class="ver">21</span>Neither shalt thou desire thy neighbour
s wife, neither shalt thou covet thy neighbour
s house, his field, or his manservant, or his maidservant, his ox, or his ass, or any thing that is thy neighbour
<p><span class="ver">22</span>These words the LORD spake unto all your assembly in the mount out of the midst of the fire, of the cloud, and of the thick darkness, with a great voice: and he added no more. And he wrote them in two tables of stone, and delivered them unto me. <span class="ver">23</span>And it came to pass, when ye heard the voice out of the midst of the darkness, (for the mountain did burn with fire,) that ye came near unto me, even all the heads of your tribes, and your elders; <span class="M
ver">24</span>And ye said, Behold, the LORD our God hath shewed us his glory and his greatness, and we have heard his voice out of the midst of the fire: we have seen this day that God doth talk with man, and he liveth. <span class="ver">25</span>Now therefore why should we die? for this great fire will consume us: if we hear the voice of the LORD our God any more, then we shall die. <span class="ver">26</span>For who is there of all flesh, that hath heard the voice of the living God speaking out of the midst of thM
e fire, as we have, and lived? <span class="ver">27</span>Go thou near, and hear all that the LORD our God shall say: and speak thou unto us all that the LORD our God shall speak unto thee; and we will hear it, and do it. <span class="ver">28</span>And the LORD heard the voice of your words, when ye spake unto me; and the LORD said unto me, I have heard the voice of the words of this people, which they have spoken unto thee: they have well said all that they have spoken. <span class="ver">29</span>O that there wereM
such an heart in them, that they would fear me, and keep all my commandments always, that it might be well with them, and with their children for ever! <span class="ver">30</span>Go say to them, Get you into your tents again. <span class="ver">31</span>But as for thee, stand thou here by me, and I will speak unto thee all the commandments, and the statutes, and the judgments, which thou shalt teach them, that they may do them in the land which I give them to possess it. <span class="ver">32</span>Ye shall observe M
to do therefore as the LORD your God hath commanded you: ye shall not turn aside to the right hand or to the left. <span class="ver">33</span>Ye shall walk in all the ways which the LORD your God hath commanded you, that ye may live, and that it may be well with you, and that ye may prolong your days in the land which ye shall possess.
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now these are the commandments, the statutes, and the judgments, which the LORD your God commanded to teach you, that yeM
might do them in the land whither ye go to possess it: <span class="ver">2</span>That thou mightest fear the LORD thy God, to keep all his statutes and his commandments, which I command thee, thou, and thy son, and thy son
s son, all the days of thy life; and that thy days may be prolonged. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Hear therefore, O Israel, and observe to do it; that it may be well with thee, and that ye may increase mightily, as the LORD God of thy fathers hath promised thee, in the land that flowethM
with milk and honey. <span class="ver">4</span>Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God is one LORD: <span class="ver">5</span>And thou shalt love the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might. <span class="ver">6</span>And these words, which I command thee this day, shall be in thine heart: <span class="ver">7</span>And thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children, and shalt talk of them when thou sittest in thine house, and when thou walkest by the way, and when thou liest doM
wn, and when thou risest up. <span class="ver">8</span>And thou shalt bind them for a sign upon thine hand, and they shall be as frontlets between thine eyes. <span class="ver">9</span>And thou shalt write them upon the posts of thy house, and on thy gates. <span class="ver">10</span>And it shall be, when the LORD thy God shall have brought thee into the land which he sware unto thy fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to give thee great and goodly cities, which thou buildedst not, <span class="ver">11</spaM
n>And houses full of all good things, which thou filledst not, and wells digged, which thou diggedst not, vineyards and olive trees, which thou plantedst not; when thou shalt have eaten and be full; <span class="ver">12</span>Then beware lest thou forget the LORD, which brought thee forth out of the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage. <span class="ver">13</span>Thou shalt fear the LORD thy God, and serve him, and shalt swear by his name. <span class="ver">14</span>Ye shall not go after other gods, of the godsM
of the people which are round about you; <span class="ver">15</span>(For the LORD thy God is a jealous God among you) lest the anger of the LORD thy God be kindled against thee, and destroy thee from off the face of the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Ye shall not tempt the LORD your God, as ye tempted him in Massah. <span class="ver">17</span>Ye shall diligently keep the commandments of the LORD your God, and his testimonies, and his statutes, which he hath commanded thee. <span class="ver">18</span>AM
nd thou shalt do that which is right and good in the sight of the LORD: that it may be well with thee, and that thou mayest go in and possess the good land which the LORD sware unto thy fathers, <span class="ver">19</span>To cast out all thine enemies from before thee, as the LORD hath spoken. <span class="ver">20</span>And when thy son asketh thee in time to come, saying, What mean the testimonies, and the statutes, and the judgments, which the LORD our God hath commanded you? <span class="ver">21</span>Then thou M
shalt say unto thy son, We were Pharaoh
s bondmen in Egypt; and the LORD brought us out of Egypt with a mighty hand: <span class="ver">22</span>And the LORD shewed signs and wonders, great and sore, upon Egypt, upon Pharaoh, and upon all his household, before our eyes: <span class="ver">23</span>And he brought us out from thence, that he might bring us in, to give us the land which he sware unto our fathers. <span class="ver">24</span>And the LORD commanded us to do all these statutes, to fear the LORD our God, fM
or our good always, that he might preserve us alive, as it is at this day. <span class="ver">25</span>And it shall be our righteousness, if we observe to do all these commandments before the LORD our God, as he hath commanded us.
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>When the LORD thy God shall bring thee into the land whither thou goest to possess it, and hath cast out many nations before thee, the Hittites, and the Girgashites, and the Amorites, and the Canaanites, and the Perizzites, and M
the Hivites, and the Jebusites, seven nations greater and mightier than thou; <span class="ver">2</span>And when the LORD thy God shall deliver them before thee; thou shalt smite them, and utterly destroy them; thou shalt make no covenant with them, nor shew mercy unto them: <span class="ver">3</span>Neither shalt thou make marriages with them; thy daughter thou shalt not give unto his son, nor his daughter shalt thou take unto thy son. <span class="ver">4</span>For they will turn away thy son from following me, thM
at they may serve other gods: so will the anger of the LORD be kindled against you, and destroy thee suddenly. <span class="ver">5</span>But thus shall ye deal with them; ye shall destroy their altars, and break down their images, and cut down their groves, and burn their graven images with fire. <span class="ver">6</span>For thou art an holy people unto the LORD thy God: the LORD thy God hath chosen thee to be a special people unto himself, above all people that are upon the face of the earth. <span class="ver">7<M
/span>The LORD did not set his love upon you, nor choose you, because ye were more in number than any people; for ye were the fewest of all people: <span class="ver">8</span>But because the LORD loved you, and because he would keep the oath which he had sworn unto your fathers, hath the LORD brought you out with a mighty hand, and redeemed you out of the house of bondmen, from the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt. <span class="ver">9</span>Know therefore that the LORD thy God, he is God, the faithful God, which keepetM
h covenant and mercy with them that love him and keep his commandments to a thousand generations; <span class="ver">10</span>And repayeth them that hate him to their face, to destroy them: he will not be slack to him that hateth him, he will repay him to his face. <span class="ver">11</span>Thou shalt therefore keep the commandments, and the statutes, and the judgments, which I command thee this day, to do them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Wherefore it shall come to pass, if ye hearken to these judgments, M
and keep, and do them, that the LORD thy God shall keep unto thee the covenant and the mercy which he sware unto thy fathers: <span class="ver">13</span>And he will love thee, and bless thee, and multiply thee: he will also bless the fruit of thy womb, and the fruit of thy land, thy corn, and thy wine, and thine oil, the increase of thy kine, and the flocks of thy sheep, in the land which he sware unto thy fathers to give thee. <span class="ver">14</span>Thou shalt be blessed above all people: there shall not be maM
le or female barren among you, or among your cattle. <span class="ver">15</span>And the LORD will take away from thee all sickness, and will put none of the evil diseases of Egypt, which thou knowest, upon thee; but will lay them upon all them that hate thee. <span class="ver">16</span>And thou shalt consume all the people which the LORD thy God shall deliver thee; thine eye shall have no pity upon them: neither shalt thou serve their gods; for that will be a snare unto thee. <span class="ver">17</span>If thou shalM
t say in thine heart, These nations are more than I; how can I dispossess them? <span class="ver">18</span>Thou shalt not be afraid of them: but shalt well remember what the LORD thy God did unto Pharaoh, and unto all Egypt; <span class="ver">19</span>The great temptations which thine eyes saw, and the signs, and the wonders, and the mighty hand, and the stretched out arm, whereby the LORD thy God brought thee out: so shall the LORD thy God do unto all the people of whom thou art afraid. <span class="ver">20</span>M
Moreover the LORD thy God will send the hornet among them, until they that are left, and hide themselves from thee, be destroyed. <span class="ver">21</span>Thou shalt not be affrighted at them: for the LORD thy God is among you, a mighty God and terrible. <span class="ver">22</span>And the LORD thy God will put out those nations before thee by little and little: thou mayest not consume them at once, lest the beasts of the field increase upon thee. <span class="ver">23</span>But the LORD thy God shall deliver them M
unto thee, and shall destroy them with a mighty destruction, until they be destroyed. <span class="ver">24</span>And he shall deliver their kings into thine hand, and thou shalt destroy their name from under heaven: there shall no man be able to stand before thee, until thou have destroyed them. <span class="ver">25</span>The graven images of their gods shall ye burn with fire: thou shalt not desire the silver or gold that is on them, nor take it unto thee, lest thou be snared therein: for it is an abomination to tM
he LORD thy God. <span class="ver">26</span>Neither shalt thou bring an abomination into thine house, lest thou be a cursed thing like it: but thou shalt utterly detest it, and thou shalt utterly abhor it; for it is a cursed thing.
<h2 id="c8">Chapter 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>All the commandments which I command thee this day shall ye observe to do, that ye may live, and multiply, and go in and possess the land which the LORD sware unto your fathers. <span class="ver">2</span>And thou shalt remembeM
r all the way which the LORD thy God led thee these forty years in the wilderness, to humble thee, and to prove thee, to know what was in thine heart, whether thou wouldest keep his commandments, or no. <span class="ver">3</span>And he humbled thee, and suffered thee to hunger, and fed thee with manna, which thou knewest not, neither did thy fathers know; that he might make thee know that man doth not live by bread only, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of the LORD doth man live. <span class="ver"M
>4</span>Thy raiment waxed not old upon thee, neither did thy foot swell, these forty years. <span class="ver">5</span>Thou shalt also consider in thine heart, that, as a man chasteneth his son, so the LORD thy God chasteneth thee. <span class="ver">6</span>Therefore thou shalt keep the commandments of the LORD thy God, to walk in his ways, and to fear him. <span class="ver">7</span>For the LORD thy God bringeth thee into a good land, a land of brooks of water, of fountains and depths that spring out of valleys andM
hills; <span class="ver">8</span>A land of wheat, and barley, and vines, and fig trees, and pomegranates; a land of oil olive, and honey; <span class="ver">9</span>A land wherein thou shalt eat bread without scarceness, thou shalt not lack any thing in it; a land whose stones are iron, and out of whose hills thou mayest dig brass. <span class="ver">10</span>When thou hast eaten and art full, then thou shalt bless the LORD thy God for the good land which he hath given thee. <span class="ver">11</span>Beware that thM
ou forget not the LORD thy God, in not keeping his commandments, and his judgments, and his statutes, which I command thee this day: <span class="ver">12</span>Lest when thou hast eaten and art full, and hast built goodly houses, and dwelt therein; <span class="ver">13</span>And when thy herds and thy flocks multiply, and thy silver and thy gold is multiplied, and all that thou hast is multiplied; <span class="ver">14</span>Then thine heart be lifted up, and thou forget the LORD thy God, which brought thee forth ouM
t of the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage; <span class="ver">15</span>Who led thee through that great and terrible wilderness, wherein were fiery serpents, and scorpions, and drought, where there was no water; who brought thee forth water out of the rock of flint; <span class="ver">16</span>Who fed thee in the wilderness with manna, which thy fathers knew not, that he might humble thee, and that he might prove thee, to do thee good at thy latter end; <span class="ver">17</span>And thou say in thine heart, MM
y power and the might of mine hand hath gotten me this wealth. <span class="ver">18</span>But thou shalt remember the LORD thy God: for it is he that giveth thee power to get wealth, that he may establish his covenant which he sware unto thy fathers, as it is this day. <span class="ver">19</span>And it shall be, if thou do at all forget the LORD thy God, and walk after other gods, and serve them, and worship them, I testify against you this day that ye shall surely perish. <span class="ver">20</span>As the nations M
which the LORD destroyeth before your face, so shall ye perish; because ye would not be obedient unto the voice of the LORD your God.
<h2 id="c9">Chapter 9</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Hear, O Israel: Thou art to pass over Jordan this day, to go in to possess nations greater and mightier than thyself, cities great and fenced up to heaven, <span class="ver">2</span>A people great and tall, the children of the Anakims, whom thou knowest, and of whom thou hast heard say, Who can stand before the children ofM
Anak! <span class="ver">3</span>Understand therefore this day, that the LORD thy God is he which goeth over before thee; as a consuming fire he shall destroy them, and he shall bring them down before thy face: so shalt thou drive them out, and destroy them quickly, as the LORD hath said unto thee. <span class="ver">4</span>Speak not thou in thine heart, after that the LORD thy God hath cast them out from before thee, saying, For my righteousness the LORD hath brought me in to possess this land: but for the wickednM
ess of these nations the LORD doth drive them out from before thee. <span class="ver">5</span>Not for thy righteousness, or for the uprightness of thine heart, dost thou go to possess their land: but for the wickedness of these nations the LORD thy God doth drive them out from before thee, and that he may perform the word which the LORD sware unto thy fathers, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. <span class="ver">6</span>Understand therefore, that the LORD thy God giveth thee not this good land to possess it for thy righteoM
usness; for thou art a stiffnecked people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Remember, and forget not, how thou provokedst the LORD thy God to wrath in the wilderness: from the day that thou didst depart out of the land of Egypt, until ye came unto this place, ye have been rebellious against the LORD. <span class="ver">8</span>Also in Horeb ye provoked the LORD to wrath, so that the LORD was angry with you to have destroyed you. <span class="ver">9</span>When I was gone up into the mount to receive the tables of M
stone, even the tables of the covenant which the LORD made with you, then I abode in the mount forty days and forty nights, I neither did eat bread nor drink water: <span class="ver">10</span>And the LORD delivered unto me two tables of stone written with the finger of God; and on them was written according to all the words, which the LORD spake with you in the mount out of the midst of the fire in the day of the assembly. <span class="ver">11</span>And it came to pass at the end of forty days and forty nights, thaM
t the LORD gave me the two tables of stone, even the tables of the covenant. <span class="ver">12</span>And the LORD said unto me, Arise, get thee down quickly from hence; for thy people which thou hast brought forth out of Egypt have corrupted themselves; they are quickly turned aside out of the way which I commanded them; they have made them a molten image. <span class="ver">13</span>Furthermore the LORD spake unto me, saying, I have seen this people, and, behold, it is a stiffnecked people: <span class="ver">14<M
/span>Let me alone, that I may destroy them, and blot out their name from under heaven: and I will make of thee a nation mightier and greater than they. <span class="ver">15</span>So I turned and came down from the mount, and the mount burned with fire: and the two tables of the covenant were in my two hands. <span class="ver">16</span>And I looked, and, behold, ye had sinned against the LORD your God, and had made you a molten calf: ye had turned aside quickly out of the way which the LORD had commanded you. <spanM
class="ver">17</span>And I took the two tables, and cast them out of my two hands, and brake them before your eyes. <span class="ver">18</span>And I fell down before the LORD, as at the first, forty days and forty nights: I did neither eat bread, nor drink water, because of all your sins which ye sinned, in doing wickedly in the sight of the LORD, to provoke him to anger. <span class="ver">19</span>For I was afraid of the anger and hot displeasure, wherewith the LORD was wroth against you to destroy you. But the LM
ORD hearkened unto me at that time also. <span class="ver">20</span>And the LORD was very angry with Aaron to have destroyed him: and I prayed for Aaron also the same time. <span class="ver">21</span>And I took your sin, the calf which ye had made, and burnt it with fire, and stamped it, and ground it very small, even until it was as small as dust: and I cast the dust thereof into the brook that descended out of the mount. <span class="ver">22</span>And at Taberah, and at Massah, and at Kibroth-hattaavah, ye provokM
ed the LORD to wrath. <span class="ver">23</span>Likewise when the LORD sent you from Kadesh-barnea, saying, Go up and possess the land which I have given you; then ye rebelled against the commandment of the LORD your God, and ye believed him not, nor hearkened to his voice. <span class="ver">24</span>Ye have been rebellious against the LORD from the day that I knew you. <span class="ver">25</span>Thus I fell down before the LORD forty days and forty nights, as I fell down at the first; because the LORD had said heM
would destroy you. <span class="ver">26</span>I prayed therefore unto the LORD, and said, O Lord GOD, destroy not thy people and thine inheritance, which thou hast redeemed through thy greatness, which thou hast brought forth out of Egypt with a mighty hand. <span class="ver">27</span>Remember thy servants, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; look not unto the stubbornness of this people, nor to their wickedness, nor to their sin: <span class="ver">28</span>Lest the land whence thou broughtest us out say, Because the LORD M
was not able to bring them into the land which he promised them, and because he hated them, he hath brought them out to slay them in the wilderness. <span class="ver">29</span>Yet they are thy people and thine inheritance, which thou broughtest out by thy mighty power and by thy stretched out arm.
<h2 id="c10">Chapter 10</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>At that time the LORD said unto me, Hew thee two tables of stone like unto the first, and come up unto me into the mount, and make thee an ark of wood. <spanM
class="ver">2</span>And I will write on the tables the words that were in the first tables which thou brakest, and thou shalt put them in the ark. <span class="ver">3</span>And I made an ark of shittim wood, and hewed two tables of stone like unto the first, and went up into the mount, having the two tables in mine hand. <span class="ver">4</span>And he wrote on the tables, according to the first writing, the ten commandments, which the LORD spake unto you in the mount out of the midst of the fire in the day of thM
e assembly: and the LORD gave them unto me. <span class="ver">5</span>And I turned myself and came down from the mount, and put the tables in the ark which I had made; and there they be, as the LORD commanded me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And the children of Israel took their journey from Beeroth of the children of Jaakan to Mosera: there Aaron died, and there he was buried; and Eleazar his son ministered in the priest
s office in his stead. <span class="ver">7</span>From thence they journeyed unto GudgM
odah; and from Gudgodah to Jotbath, a land of rivers of waters. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>At that time the LORD separated the tribe of Levi, to bear the ark of the covenant of the LORD, to stand before the LORD to minister unto him, and to bless in his name, unto this day. <span class="ver">9</span>Wherefore Levi hath no part nor inheritance with his brethren; the LORD is his inheritance, according as the LORD thy God promised him. <span class="ver">10</span>And I stayed in the mount, according to the firM
st time, forty days and forty nights; and the LORD hearkened unto me at that time also, and the LORD would not destroy thee. <span class="ver">11</span>And the LORD said unto me, Arise, take thy journey before the people, that they may go in and possess the land, which I sware unto their fathers to give unto them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And now, Israel, what doth the LORD thy God require of thee, but to fear the LORD thy God, to walk in all his ways, and to love him, and to serve the LORD thy God withM
all thy heart and with all thy soul, <span class="ver">13</span>To keep the commandments of the LORD, and his statutes, which I command thee this day for thy good? <span class="ver">14</span>Behold, the heaven and the heaven of heavens is the LORD
s thy God, the earth also, with all that therein is. <span class="ver">15</span>Only the LORD had a delight in thy fathers to love them, and he chose their seed after them, even you above all people, as it is this day. <span class="ver">16</span>Circumcise therefore thM
e foreskin of your heart, and be no more stiffnecked. <span class="ver">17</span>For the LORD your God is God of gods, and Lord of lords, a great God, a mighty, and a terrible, which regardeth not persons, nor taketh reward: <span class="ver">18</span>He doth execute the judgment of the fatherless and widow, and loveth the stranger, in giving him food and raiment. <span class="ver">19</span>Love ye therefore the stranger: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">20</span>Thou shalt fear the LORM
D thy God; him shalt thou serve, and to him shalt thou cleave, and swear by his name. <span class="ver">21</span>He is thy praise, and he is thy God, that hath done for thee these great and terrible things, which thine eyes have seen. <span class="ver">22</span>Thy fathers went down into Egypt with threescore and ten persons; and now the LORD thy God hath made thee as the stars of heaven for multitude.
<h2 id="c11">Chapter 11</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Therefore thou shalt love the LORD thy God, and keM
ep his charge, and his statutes, and his judgments, and his commandments, alway. <span class="ver">2</span>And know ye this day: for I speak not with your children which have not known, and which have not seen the chastisement of the LORD your God, his greatness, his mighty hand, and his stretched out arm, <span class="ver">3</span>And his miracles, and his acts, which he did in the midst of Egypt unto Pharaoh the king of Egypt, and unto all his land; <span class="ver">4</span>And what he did unto the army of EgyptM
, unto their horses, and to their chariots; how he made the water of the Red sea to overflow them as they pursued after you, and how the LORD hath destroyed them unto this day; <span class="ver">5</span>And what he did unto you in the wilderness, until ye came into this place; <span class="ver">6</span>And what he did unto Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab, the son of Reuben: how the earth opened her mouth, and swallowed them up, and their households, and their tents, and all the substance that was in their possM
ession, in the midst of all Israel: <span class="ver">7</span>But your eyes have seen all the great acts of the LORD which he did. <span class="ver">8</span>Therefore shall ye keep all the commandments which I command you this day, that ye may be strong, and go in and possess the land, whither ye go to possess it; <span class="ver">9</span>And that ye may prolong your days in the land, which the LORD sware unto your fathers to give unto them and to their seed, a land that floweth with milk and honey. </p>
n class="ver">10</span>For the land, whither thou goest in to possess it, is not as the land of Egypt, from whence ye came out, where thou sowedst thy seed, and wateredst it with thy foot, as a garden of herbs: <span class="ver">11</span>But the land, whither ye go to possess it, is a land of hills and valleys, and drinketh water of the rain of heaven: <span class="ver">12</span>A land which the LORD thy God careth for: the eyes of the LORD thy God are always upon it, from the beginning of the year even unto the enM
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And it shall come to pass, if ye shall hearken diligently unto my commandments which I command you this day, to love the LORD your God, and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul, <span class="ver">14</span>That I will give you the rain of your land in his due season, the first rain and the latter rain, that thou mayest gather in thy corn, and thy wine, and thine oil. <span class="ver">15</span>And I will send grass in thy fields for thy cattle, tM
hat thou mayest eat and be full. <span class="ver">16</span>Take heed to yourselves, that your heart be not deceived, and ye turn aside, and serve other gods, and worship them; <span class="ver">17</span>And then the LORD
s wrath be kindled against you, and he shut up the heaven, that there be no rain, and that the land yield not her fruit; and lest ye perish quickly from off the good land which the LORD giveth you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Therefore shall ye lay up these my words in your heart and inM
your soul, and bind them for a sign upon your hand, that they may be as frontlets between your eyes. <span class="ver">19</span>And ye shall teach them your children, speaking of them when thou sittest in thine house, and when thou walkest by the way, when thou liest down, and when thou risest up. <span class="ver">20</span>And thou shalt write them upon the door posts of thine house, and upon thy gates: <span class="ver">21</span>That your days may be multiplied, and the days of your children, in the land which tM
he LORD sware unto your fathers to give them, as the days of heaven upon the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>For if ye shall diligently keep all these commandments which I command you, to do them, to love the LORD your God, to walk in all his ways, and to cleave unto him; <span class="ver">23</span>Then will the LORD drive out all these nations from before you, and ye shall possess greater nations and mightier than yourselves. <span class="ver">24</span>Every place whereon the soles of your feet shall tM
read shall be yours: from the wilderness and Lebanon, from the river, the river Euphrates, even unto the uttermost sea shall your coast be. <span class="ver">25</span>There shall no man be able to stand before you: for the LORD your God shall lay the fear of you and the dread of you upon all the land that ye shall tread upon, as he hath said unto you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>Behold, I set before you this day a blessing and a curse; <span class="ver">27</span>A blessing, if ye obey the commandments of tM
he LORD your God, which I command you this day: <span class="ver">28</span>And a curse, if ye will not obey the commandments of the LORD your God, but turn aside out of the way which I command you this day, to go after other gods, which ye have not known. <span class="ver">29</span>And it shall come to pass, when the LORD thy God hath brought thee in unto the land whither thou goest to possess it, that thou shalt put the blessing upon mount Gerizim, and the curse upon mount Ebal. <span class="ver">30</span>Are theyM
not on the other side Jordan, by the way where the sun goeth down, in the land of the Canaanites, which dwell in the champaign over against Gilgal, beside the plains of Moreh? <span class="ver">31</span>For ye shall pass over Jordan to go in to possess the land which the LORD your God giveth you, and ye shall possess it, and dwell therein. <span class="ver">32</span>And ye shall observe to do all the statutes and judgments which I set before you this day.
<h2 id="c12">Chapter 12</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</M
span>These are the statutes and judgments, which ye shall observe to do in the land, which the LORD God of thy fathers giveth thee to possess it, all the days that ye live upon the earth. <span class="ver">2</span>Ye shall utterly destroy all the places, wherein the nations which ye shall possess served their gods, upon the high mountains, and upon the hills, and under every green tree: <span class="ver">3</span>And ye shall overthrow their altars, and break their pillars, and burn their groves with fire; and ye shM
all hew down the graven images of their gods, and destroy the names of them out of that place. <span class="ver">4</span>Ye shall not do so unto the LORD your God. <span class="ver">5</span>But unto the place which the LORD your God shall choose out of all your tribes to put his name there, even unto his habitation shall ye seek, and thither thou shalt come: <span class="ver">6</span>And thither ye shall bring your burnt offerings, and your sacrifices, and your tithes, and heave offerings of your hand, and your vowM
s, and your freewill offerings, and the firstlings of your herds and of your flocks: <span class="ver">7</span>And there ye shall eat before the LORD your God, and ye shall rejoice in all that ye put your hand unto, ye and your households, wherein the LORD thy God hath blessed thee. <span class="ver">8</span>Ye shall not do after all the things that we do here this day, every man whatsoever is right in his own eyes. <span class="ver">9</span>For ye are not as yet come to the rest and to the inheritance, which the LM
ORD your God giveth you. <span class="ver">10</span>But when ye go over Jordan, and dwell in the land which the LORD your God giveth you to inherit, and when he giveth you rest from all your enemies round about, so that ye dwell in safety; <span class="ver">11</span>Then there shall be a place which the LORD your God shall choose to cause his name to dwell there; thither shall ye bring all that I command you; your burnt offerings, and your sacrifices, your tithes, and the heave offering of your hand, and all your cM
hoice vows which ye vow unto the LORD: <span class="ver">12</span>And ye shall rejoice before the LORD your God, ye, and your sons, and your daughters, and your menservants, and your maidservants, and the Levite that is within your gates; forasmuch as he hath no part nor inheritance with you. <span class="ver">13</span>Take heed to thyself that thou offer not thy burnt offerings in every place that thou seest: <span class="ver">14</span>But in the place which the LORD shall choose in one of thy tribes, there thou sM
halt offer thy burnt offerings, and there thou shalt do all that I command thee. <span class="ver">15</span>Notwithstanding thou mayest kill and eat flesh in all thy gates, whatsoever thy soul lusteth after, according to the blessing of the LORD thy God which he hath given thee: the unclean and the clean may eat thereof, as of the roebuck, and as of the hart. <span class="ver">16</span>Only ye shall not eat the blood; ye shall pour it upon the earth as water. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Thou mayest not eatM
within thy gates the tithe of thy corn, or of thy wine, or of thy oil, or the firstlings of thy herds or of thy flock, nor any of thy vows which thou vowest, nor thy freewill offerings, or heave offering of thine hand: <span class="ver">18</span>But thou must eat them before the LORD thy God in the place which the LORD thy God shall choose, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, and thy manservant, and thy maidservant, and the Levite that is within thy gates: and thou shalt rejoice before the LORD thy God in all thaM
t thou puttest thine hands unto. <span class="ver">19</span>Take heed to thyself that thou forsake not the Levite as long as thou livest upon the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>When the LORD thy God shall enlarge thy border, as he hath promised thee, and thou shalt say, I will eat flesh, because thy soul longeth to eat flesh; thou mayest eat flesh, whatsoever thy soul lusteth after. <span class="ver">21</span>If the place which the LORD thy God hath chosen to put his name there be too far from thee, thM
en thou shalt kill of thy herd and of thy flock, which the LORD hath given thee, as I have commanded thee, and thou shalt eat in thy gates whatsoever thy soul lusteth after. <span class="ver">22</span>Even as the roebuck and the hart is eaten, so thou shalt eat them: the unclean and the clean shall eat of them alike. <span class="ver">23</span>Only be sure that thou eat not the blood: for the blood is the life; and thou mayest not eat the life with the flesh. <span class="ver">24</span>Thou shalt not eat it; thou sM
halt pour it upon the earth as water. <span class="ver">25</span>Thou shalt not eat it; that it may go well with thee, and with thy children after thee, when thou shalt do that which is right in the sight of the LORD. <span class="ver">26</span>Only thy holy things which thou hast, and thy vows, thou shalt take, and go unto the place which the LORD shall choose: <span class="ver">27</span>And thou shalt offer thy burnt offerings, the flesh and the blood, upon the altar of the LORD thy God: and the blood of thy sacrM
ifices shall be poured out upon the altar of the LORD thy God, and thou shalt eat the flesh. <span class="ver">28</span>Observe and hear all these words which I command thee, that it may go well with thee, and with thy children after thee for ever, when thou doest that which is good and right in the sight of the LORD thy God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>When the LORD thy God shall cut off the nations from before thee, whither thou goest to possess them, and thou succeedest them, and dwellest in their land;M
<span class="ver">30</span>Take heed to thyself that thou be not snared by following them, after that they be destroyed from before thee; and that thou enquire not after their gods, saying, How did these nations serve their gods? even so will I do likewise. <span class="ver">31</span>Thou shalt not do so unto the LORD thy God: for every abomination to the LORD, which he hateth, have they done unto their gods; for even their sons and their daughters they have burnt in the fire to their gods. <span class="ver">32</sM
pan>What thing soever I command you, observe to do it: thou shalt not add thereto, nor diminish from it.
<h2 id="c13">Chapter 13</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>If there arise among you a prophet, or a dreamer of dreams, and giveth thee a sign or a wonder, <span class="ver">2</span>And the sign or the wonder come to pass, whereof he spake unto thee, saying, Let us go after other gods, which thou hast not known, and let us serve them; <span class="ver">3</span>Thou shalt not hearken unto the words of that prM
ophet, or that dreamer of dreams: for the LORD your God proveth you, to know whether ye love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul. <span class="ver">4</span>Ye shall walk after the LORD your God, and fear him, and keep his commandments, and obey his voice, and ye shall serve him, and cleave unto him. <span class="ver">5</span>And that prophet, or that dreamer of dreams, shall be put to death; because he hath spoken to turn you away from the LORD your God, which brought you out of the land ofM
Egypt, and redeemed you out of the house of bondage, to thrust thee out of the way which the LORD thy God commanded thee to walk in. So shalt thou put the evil away from the midst of thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>If thy brother, the son of thy mother, or thy son, or thy daughter, or the wife of thy bosom, or thy friend, which is as thine own soul, entice thee secretly, saying, Let us go and serve other gods, which thou hast not known, thou, nor thy fathers; <span class="ver">7</span>Namely, of the godsM
of the people which are round about you, nigh unto thee, or far off from thee, from the one end of the earth even unto the other end of the earth; <span class="ver">8</span>Thou shalt not consent unto him, nor hearken unto him; neither shall thine eye pity him, neither shalt thou spare, neither shalt thou conceal him: <span class="ver">9</span>But thou shalt surely kill him; thine hand shall be first upon him to put him to death, and afterwards the hand of all the people. <span class="ver">10</span>And thou shalt M
stone him with stones, that he die; because he hath sought to thrust thee away from the LORD thy God, which brought thee out of the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage. <span class="ver">11</span>And all Israel shall hear, and fear, and shall do no more any such wickedness as this is among you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>If thou shalt hear say in one of thy cities, which the LORD thy God hath given thee to dwell there, saying, <span class="ver">13</span>Certain men, the children of Belial, are gone oM
ut from among you, and have withdrawn the inhabitants of their city, saying, Let us go and serve other gods, which ye have not known; <span class="ver">14</span>Then shalt thou enquire, and make search, and ask diligently; and, behold, if it be truth, and the thing certain, that such abomination is wrought among you; <span class="ver">15</span>Thou shalt surely smite the inhabitants of that city with the edge of the sword, destroying it utterly, and all that is therein, and the cattle thereof, with the edge of the M
sword. <span class="ver">16</span>And thou shalt gather all the spoil of it into the midst of the street thereof, and shalt burn with fire the city, and all the spoil thereof every whit, for the LORD thy God: and it shall be an heap for ever; it shall not be built again. <span class="ver">17</span>And there shall cleave nought of the cursed thing to thine hand: that the LORD may turn from the fierceness of his anger, and shew thee mercy, and have compassion upon thee, and multiply thee, as he hath sworn unto thy faM
thers; <span class="ver">18</span>When thou shalt hearken to the voice of the LORD thy God, to keep all his commandments which I command thee this day, to do that which is right in the eyes of the LORD thy God.
<h2 id="c14">Chapter 14</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Ye are the children of the LORD your God: ye shall not cut yourselves, nor make any baldness between your eyes for the dead. <span class="ver">2</span>For thou art an holy people unto the LORD thy God, and the LORD hath chosen thee to be a peculM
iar people unto himself, above all the nations that are upon the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Thou shalt not eat any abominable thing. <span class="ver">4</span>These are the beasts which ye shall eat: the ox, the sheep, and the goat, <span class="ver">5</span>The hart, and the roebuck, and the fallow deer, and the wild goat, and the pygarg, and the wild ox, and the chamois. <span class="ver">6</span>And every beast that parteth the hoof, and cleaveth the cleft into two claws, and cheweth the cud amonM
g the beasts, that ye shall eat. <span class="ver">7</span>Nevertheless these ye shall not eat of them that chew the cud, or of them that divide the cloven hoof; as the camel, and the hare, and the coney: for they chew the cud, but divide not the hoof; therefore they are unclean unto you. <span class="ver">8</span>And the swine, because it divideth the hoof, yet cheweth not the cud, it is unclean unto you: ye shall not eat of their flesh, nor touch their dead carcase. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>These ye shM
all eat of all that are in the waters: all that have fins and scales shall ye eat: <span class="ver">10</span>And whatsoever hath not fins and scales ye may not eat; it is unclean unto you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Of all clean birds ye shall eat. <span class="ver">12</span>But these are they of which ye shall not eat: the eagle, and the ossifrage, and the ospray, <span class="ver">13</span>And the glede, and the kite, and the vulture after his kind, <span class="ver">14</span>And every raven after his M
kind, <span class="ver">15</span>And the owl, and the night hawk, and the cuckow, and the hawk after his kind, <span class="ver">16</span>The little owl, and the great owl, and the swan, <span class="ver">17</span>And the pelican, and the gier eagle, and the cormorant, <span class="ver">18</span>And the stork, and the heron after her kind, and the lapwing, and the bat. <span class="ver">19</span>And every creeping thing that flieth is unclean unto you: they shall not be eaten. <span class="ver">20</span>But of all M
clean fowls ye may eat. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Ye shall not eat of any thing that dieth of itself: thou shalt give it unto the stranger that is in thy gates, that he may eat it; or thou mayest sell it unto an alien: for thou art an holy people unto the LORD thy God. Thou shalt not seethe a kid in his mother
s milk. <span class="ver">22</span>Thou shalt truly tithe all the increase of thy seed, that the field bringeth forth year by year. <span class="ver">23</span>And thou shalt eat before the LORD tM
hy God, in the place which he shall choose to place his name there, the tithe of thy corn, of thy wine, and of thine oil, and the firstlings of thy herds and of thy flocks; that thou mayest learn to fear the LORD thy God always. <span class="ver">24</span>And if the way be too long for thee, so that thou art not able to carry it; or if the place be too far from thee, which the LORD thy God shall choose to set his name there, when the LORD thy God hath blessed thee: <span class="ver">25</span>Then shalt thou turn itM
into money, and bind up the money in thine hand, and shalt go unto the place which the LORD thy God shall choose: <span class="ver">26</span>And thou shalt bestow that money for whatsoever thy soul lusteth after, for oxen, or for sheep, or for wine, or for strong drink, or for whatsoever thy soul desireth: and thou shalt eat there before the LORD thy God, and thou shalt rejoice, thou, and thine household, <span class="ver">27</span>And the Levite that is within thy gates; thou shalt not forsake him; for he hath noM
part nor inheritance with thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>At the end of three years thou shalt bring forth all the tithe of thine increase the same year, and shalt lay it up within thy gates: <span class="ver">29</span>And the Levite, (because he hath no part nor inheritance with thee,) and the stranger, and the fatherless, and the widow, which are within thy gates, shall come, and shall eat and be satisfied; that the LORD thy God may bless thee in all the work of thine hand which thou doest.
"c15">Chapter 15</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>At the end of every seven years thou shalt make a release. <span class="ver">2</span>And this is the manner of the release: Every creditor that lendeth ought unto his neighbour shall release it; he shall not exact it of his neighbour, or of his brother; because it is called the LORD
s release. <span class="ver">3</span>Of a foreigner thou mayest exact it again: but that which is thine with thy brother thine hand shall release; <span class="ver">4</span>Save whM
en there shall be no poor among you; for the LORD shall greatly bless thee in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance to possess it: <span class="ver">5</span>Only if thou carefully hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God, to observe to do all these commandments which I command thee this day. <span class="ver">6</span>For the LORD thy God blesseth thee, as he promised thee: and thou shalt lend unto many nations, but thou shalt not borrow; and thou shalt reign over many nations, but they shM
all not reign over thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>If there be among you a poor man of one of thy brethren within any of thy gates in thy land which the LORD thy God giveth thee, thou shalt not harden thine heart, nor shut thine hand from thy poor brother: <span class="ver">8</span>But thou shalt open thine hand wide unto him, and shalt surely lend him sufficient for his need, in that which he wanteth. <span class="ver">9</span>Beware that there be not a thought in thy wicked heart, saying, The seventh yeM
ar, the year of release, is at hand; and thine eye be evil against thy poor brother, and thou givest him nought; and he cry unto the LORD against thee, and it be sin unto thee. <span class="ver">10</span>Thou shalt surely give him, and thine heart shall not be grieved when thou givest unto him: because that for this thing the LORD thy God shall bless thee in all thy works, and in all that thou puttest thine hand unto. <span class="ver">11</span>For the poor shall never cease out of the land: therefore I command theM
e, saying, Thou shalt open thine hand wide unto thy brother, to thy poor, and to thy needy, in thy land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And if thy brother, an Hebrew man, or an Hebrew woman, be sold unto thee, and serve thee six years; then in the seventh year thou shalt let him go free from thee. <span class="ver">13</span>And when thou sendest him out free from thee, thou shalt not let him go away empty: <span class="ver">14</span>Thou shalt furnish him liberally out of thy flock, and out of thy floor, and M
out of thy winepress: of that wherewith the LORD thy God hath blessed thee thou shalt give unto him. <span class="ver">15</span>And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in the land of Egypt, and the LORD thy God redeemed thee: therefore I command thee this thing to day. <span class="ver">16</span>And it shall be, if he say unto thee, I will not go away from thee; because he loveth thee and thine house, because he is well with thee; <span class="ver">17</span>Then thou shalt take an aul, and thrust it througM
h his ear unto the door, and he shall be thy servant for ever. And also unto thy maidservant thou shalt do likewise. <span class="ver">18</span>It shall not seem hard unto thee, when thou sendest him away free from thee; for he hath been worth a double hired servant to thee, in serving thee six years: and the LORD thy God shall bless thee in all that thou doest. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>All the firstling males that come of thy herd and of thy flock thou shalt sanctify unto the LORD thy God: thou shalt dM
o no work with the firstling of thy bullock, nor shear the firstling of thy sheep. <span class="ver">20</span>Thou shalt eat it before the LORD thy God year by year in the place which the LORD shall choose, thou and thy household. <span class="ver">21</span>And if there be any blemish therein, as if it be lame, or blind, or have any ill blemish, thou shalt not sacrifice it unto the LORD thy God. <span class="ver">22</span>Thou shalt eat it within thy gates: the unclean and the clean person shall eat it alike, as thM
e roebuck, and as the hart. <span class="ver">23</span>Only thou shalt not eat the blood thereof; thou shalt pour it upon the ground as water.
<h2 id="c16">Chapter 16</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Observe the month of Abib, and keep the passover unto the LORD thy God: for in the month of Abib the LORD thy God brought thee forth out of Egypt by night. <span class="ver">2</span>Thou shalt therefore sacrifice the passover unto the LORD thy God, of the flock and the herd, in the place which the LORD shall choM
ose to place his name there. <span class="ver">3</span>Thou shalt eat no leavened bread with it; seven days shalt thou eat unleavened bread therewith, even the bread of affliction; for thou camest forth out of the land of Egypt in haste: that thou mayest remember the day when thou camest forth out of the land of Egypt all the days of thy life. <span class="ver">4</span>And there shall be no leavened bread seen with thee in all thy coast seven days; neither shall there any thing of the flesh, which thou sacrificedstM
the first day at even, remain all night until the morning. <span class="ver">5</span>Thou mayest not sacrifice the passover within any of thy gates, which the LORD thy God giveth thee: <span class="ver">6</span>But at the place which the LORD thy God shall choose to place his name in, there thou shalt sacrifice the passover at even, at the going down of the sun, at the season that thou camest forth out of Egypt. <span class="ver">7</span>And thou shalt roast and eat it in the place which the LORD thy God shall choM
ose: and thou shalt turn in the morning, and go unto thy tents. <span class="ver">8</span>Six days thou shalt eat unleavened bread: and on the seventh day shall be a solemn assembly to the LORD thy God: thou shalt do no work therein. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Seven weeks shalt thou number unto thee: begin to number the seven weeks from such time as thou beginnest to put the sickle to the corn. <span class="ver">10</span>And thou shalt keep the feast of weeks unto the LORD thy God with a tribute of a freewM
ill offering of thine hand, which thou shalt give unto the Lord thy God, according as the LORD thy God hath blessed thee: <span class="ver">11</span>And thou shalt rejoice before the LORD thy God, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, and thy manservant, and thy maidservant, and the Levite that is within thy gates, and the stranger, and the fatherless, and the widow, that are among you, in the place which the LORD thy God hath chosen to place his name there. <span class="ver">12</span>And thou shalt remember that thM
ou wast a bondman in Egypt: and thou shalt observe and do these statutes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Thou shalt observe the feast of tabernacles seven days, after that thou hast gathered in thy corn and thy wine: <span class="ver">14</span>And thou shalt rejoice in thy feast, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, and thy manservant, and thy maidservant, and the Levite, the stranger, and the fatherless, and the widow, that are within thy gates. <span class="ver">15</span>Seven days shalt thou keep a solemn M
feast unto the LORD thy God in the place which the LORD shall choose: because the LORD thy God shall bless thee in all thine increase, and in all the works of thine hands, therefore thou shalt surely rejoice. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Three times in a year shall all thy males appear before the LORD thy God in the place which he shall choose; in the feast of unleavened bread, and in the feast of weeks, and in the feast of tabernacles: and they shall not appear before the LORD empty: <span class="ver">17</M
span>Every man shall give as he is able, according to the blessing of the LORD thy God which he hath given thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Judges and officers shalt thou make thee in all thy gates, which the LORD thy God giveth thee, throughout thy tribes: and they shall judge the people with just judgment. <span class="ver">19</span>Thou shalt not wrest judgment; thou shalt not respect persons, neither take a gift: for a gift doth blind the eyes of the wise, and pervert the words of the righteous. <spanM
class="ver">20</span>That which is altogether just shalt thou follow, that thou mayest live, and inherit the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Thou shalt not plant thee a grove of any trees near unto the altar of the LORD thy God, which thou shalt make thee. <span class="ver">22</span>Neither shalt thou set thee up any image; which the LORD thy God hateth.
<h2 id="c17">Chapter 17</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Thou shalt not sacrifice unto the LORD thy God any bM
ullock, or sheep, wherein is blemish, or any evilfavouredness: for that is an abomination unto the LORD thy God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>If there be found among you, within any of thy gates which the LORD thy God giveth thee, man or woman, that hath wrought wickedness in the sight of the LORD thy God, in transgressing his covenant, <span class="ver">3</span>And hath gone and served other gods, and worshipped them, either the sun, or moon, or any of the host of heaven, which I have not commanded; <span cM
lass="ver">4</span>And it be told thee, and thou hast heard of it, and enquired diligently, and, behold, it be true, and the thing certain, that such abomination is wrought in Israel: <span class="ver">5</span>Then shalt thou bring forth that man or that woman, which have committed that wicked thing, unto thy gates, even that man or that woman, and shalt stone them with stones, till they die. <span class="ver">6</span>At the mouth of two witnesses, or three witnesses, shall he that is worthy of death be put to deatM
h; but at the mouth of one witness he shall not be put to death. <span class="ver">7</span>The hands of the witnesses shall be first upon him to put him to death, and afterward the hands of all the people. So thou shalt put the evil away from among you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>If there arise a matter too hard for thee in judgment, between blood and blood, between plea and plea, and between stroke and stroke, being matters of controversy within thy gates: then shalt thou arise, and get thee up into the pM
lace which the LORD thy God shall choose; <span class="ver">9</span>And thou shalt come unto the priests the Levites, and unto the judge that shall be in those days, and enquire; and they shall shew thee the sentence of judgment: <span class="ver">10</span>And thou shalt do according to the sentence, which they of that place which the LORD shall choose shall shew thee; and thou shalt observe to do according to all that they inform thee: <span class="ver">11</span>According to the sentence of the law which they shalM
l teach thee, and according to the judgment which they shall tell thee, thou shalt do: thou shalt not decline from the sentence which they shall shew thee, to the right hand, nor to the left. <span class="ver">12</span>And the man that will do presumptuously, and will not hearken unto the priest that standeth to minister there before the LORD thy God, or unto the judge, even that man shall die: and thou shalt put away the evil from Israel. <span class="ver">13</span>And all the people shall hear, and fear, and do nM
o more presumptuously. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>When thou art come unto the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee, and shalt possess it, and shalt dwell therein, and shalt say, I will set a king over me, like as all the nations that are about me; <span class="ver">15</span>Thou shalt in any wise set him king over thee, whom the LORD thy God shall choose: one from among thy brethren shalt thou set king over thee: thou mayest not set a stranger over thee, which is not thy brother. <span class="ver">16</M
span>But he shall not multiply horses to himself, nor cause the people to return to Egypt, to the end that he should multiply horses: forasmuch as the LORD hath said unto you, Ye shall henceforth return no more that way. <span class="ver">17</span>Neither shall he multiply wives to himself, that his heart turn not away: neither shall he greatly multiply to himself silver and gold. <span class="ver">18</span>And it shall be, when he sitteth upon the throne of his kingdom, that he shall write him a copy of this law iM
n a book out of that which is before the priests the Levites: <span class="ver">19</span>And it shall be with him, and he shall read therein all the days of his life: that he may learn to fear the LORD his God, to keep all the words of this law and these statutes, to do them: <span class="ver">20</span>That his heart be not lifted up above his brethren, and that he turn not aside from the commandment, to the right hand, or to the left: to the end that he may prolong his days in his kingdom, he, and his children, inM
the midst of Israel.
<h2 id="c18">Chapter 18</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The priests the Levites, and all the tribe of Levi, shall have no part nor inheritance with Israel: they shall eat the offerings of the LORD made by fire, and his inheritance. <span class="ver">2</span>Therefore shall they have no inheritance among their brethren: the LORD is their inheritance, as he hath said unto them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And this shall be the priest
s due from the people, from them that offer M
a sacrifice, whether it be ox or sheep; and they shall give unto the priest the shoulder, and the two cheeks, and the maw. <span class="ver">4</span>The firstfruit also of thy corn, of thy wine, and of thine oil, and the first of the fleece of thy sheep, shalt thou give him. <span class="ver">5</span>For the LORD thy God hath chosen him out of all thy tribes, to stand to minister in the name of the LORD, him and his sons for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And if a Levite come from any of thy gates out ofM
all Israel, where he sojourned, and come with all the desire of his mind unto the place which the LORD shall choose; <span class="ver">7</span>Then he shall minister in the name of the LORD his God, as all his brethren the Levites do, which stand there before the LORD. <span class="ver">8</span>They shall have like portions to eat, beside that which cometh of the sale of his patrimony. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>When thou art come into the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee, thou shalt not learn to dM
o after the abominations of those nations. <span class="ver">10</span>There shall not be found among you any one that maketh his son or his daughter to pass through the fire, or that useth divination, or an observer of times, or an enchanter, or a witch, <span class="ver">11</span>Or a charmer, or a consulter with familiar spirits, or a wizard, or a necromancer. <span class="ver">12</span>For all that do these things are an abomination unto the LORD: and because of these abominations the LORD thy God doth drive theM
m out from before thee. <span class="ver">13</span>Thou shalt be perfect with the LORD thy God. <span class="ver">14</span>For these nations, which thou shalt possess, hearkened unto observers of times, and unto diviners: but as for thee, the LORD thy God hath not suffered thee so to do. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>The LORD thy God will raise up unto thee a Prophet from the midst of thee, of thy brethren, like unto me; unto him ye shall hearken; <span class="ver">16</span>According to all that thou desiredM
st of the LORD thy God in Horeb in the day of the assembly, saying, Let me not hear again the voice of the LORD my God, neither let me see this great fire any more, that I die not. <span class="ver">17</span>And the LORD said unto me, They have well spoken that which they have spoken. <span class="ver">18</span>I will raise them up a Prophet from among their brethren, like unto thee, and will put my words in his mouth; and he shall speak unto them all that I shall command him. <span class="ver">19</span>And it shalM
l come to pass, that whosoever will not hearken unto my words which he shall speak in my name, I will require it of him. <span class="ver">20</span>But the prophet, which shall presume to speak a word in my name, which I have not commanded him to speak, or that shall speak in the name of other gods, even that prophet shall die. <span class="ver">21</span>And if thou say in thine heart, How shall we know the word which the LORD hath not spoken? <span class="ver">22</span>When a prophet speaketh in the name of the LOM
RD, if the thing follow not, nor come to pass, that is the thing which the LORD hath not spoken, but the prophet hath spoken it presumptuously: thou shalt not be afraid of him.
<h2 id="c19">Chapter 19</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>When the LORD thy God hath cut off the nations, whose land the LORD thy God giveth thee, and thou succeedest them, and dwellest in their cities, and in their houses; <span class="ver">2</span>Thou shalt separate three cities for thee in the midst of thy land, which the LORD thy M
God giveth thee to possess it. <span class="ver">3</span>Thou shalt prepare thee a way, and divide the coasts of thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee to inherit, into three parts, that every slayer may flee thither. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And this is the case of the slayer, which shall flee thither, that he may live: Whoso killeth his neighbour ignorantly, whom he hated not in time past; <span class="ver">5</span>As when a man goeth into the wood with his neighbour to hew wood, and his hand fetM
cheth a stroke with the axe to cut down the tree, and the head slippeth from the helve, and lighteth upon his neighbour, that he die; he shall flee unto one of those cities, and live: <span class="ver">6</span>Lest the avenger of the blood pursue the slayer, while his heart is hot, and overtake him, because the way is long, and slay him; whereas he was not worthy of death, inasmuch as he hated him not in time past. <span class="ver">7</span>Wherefore I command thee, saying, Thou shalt separate three cities for theeM
. <span class="ver">8</span>And if the LORD thy God enlarge thy coast, as he hath sworn unto thy fathers, and give thee all the land which he promised to give unto thy fathers; <span class="ver">9</span>If thou shalt keep all these commandments to do them, which I command thee this day, to love the LORD thy God, and to walk ever in his ways; then shalt thou add three cities more for thee, beside these three: <span class="ver">10</span>That innocent blood be not shed in thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee fM
or an inheritance, and so blood be upon thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>But if any man hate his neighbour, and lie in wait for him, and rise up against him, and smite him mortally that he die, and fleeth into one of these cities: <span class="ver">12</span>Then the elders of his city shall send and fetch him thence, and deliver him into the hand of the avenger of blood, that he may die. <span class="ver">13</span>Thine eye shall not pity him, but thou shalt put away the guilt of innocent blood from IsraeM
l, that it may go well with thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Thou shalt not remove thy neighbour
s landmark, which they of old time have set in thine inheritance, which thou shalt inherit in the land that the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity, or for any sin, in any sin that he sinneth: at the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall the matter be established. </p>
class="ver">16</span>If a false witness rise up against any man to testify against him that which is wrong; <span class="ver">17</span>Then both the men, between whom the controversy is, shall stand before the LORD, before the priests and the judges, which shall be in those days; <span class="ver">18</span>And the judges shall make diligent inquisition: and, behold, if the witness be a false witness, and hath testified falsely against his brother; <span class="ver">19</span>Then shall ye do unto him, as he had thouM
ght to have done unto his brother: so shalt thou put the evil away from among you. <span class="ver">20</span>And those which remain shall hear, and fear, and shall henceforth commit no more any such evil among you. <span class="ver">21</span>And thine eye shall not pity; but life shall go for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.
<h2 id="c20">Chapter 20</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>When thou goest out to battle against thine enemies, and seest horses, and chariots, and a peopM
le more than thou, be not afraid of them: for the LORD thy God is with thee, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">2</span>And it shall be, when ye are come nigh unto the battle, that the priest shall approach and speak unto the people, <span class="ver">3</span>And shall say unto them, Hear, O Israel, ye approach this day unto battle against your enemies: let not your hearts faint, fear not, and do not tremble, neither be ye terrified because of them; <span class="ver">4</span>For the LM
ORD your God is he that goeth with you, to fight for you against your enemies, to save you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And the officers shall speak unto the people, saying, What man is there that hath built a new house, and hath not dedicated it? let him go and return to his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man dedicate it. <span class="ver">6</span>And what man is he that hath planted a vineyard, and hath not yet eaten of it? let him also go and return unto his house, lest he die in the battlM
e, and another man eat of it. <span class="ver">7</span>And what man is there that hath betrothed a wife, and hath not taken her? let him go and return unto his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man take her. <span class="ver">8</span>And the officers shall speak further unto the people, and they shall say, What man is there that is fearful and fainthearted? let him go and return unto his house, lest his brethren
s heart faint as well as his heart. <span class="ver">9</span>And it shall be, when the oM
fficers have made an end of speaking unto the people, that they shall make captains of the armies to lead the people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>When thou comest nigh unto a city to fight against it, then proclaim peace unto it. <span class="ver">11</span>And it shall be, if it make thee answer of peace, and open unto thee, then it shall be, that all the people that is found therein shall be tributaries unto thee, and they shall serve thee. <span class="ver">12</span>And if it will make no peace with theeM
, but will make war against thee, then thou shalt besiege it: <span class="ver">13</span>And when the LORD thy God hath delivered it into thine hands, thou shalt smite every male thereof with the edge of the sword: <span class="ver">14</span>But the women, and the little ones, and the cattle, and all that is in the city, even all the spoil thereof, shalt thou take unto thyself; and thou shalt eat the spoil of thine enemies, which the LORD thy God hath given thee. <span class="ver">15</span>Thus shalt thou do unto aM
ll the cities which are very far off from thee, which are not of the cities of these nations. <span class="ver">16</span>But of the cities of these people, which the LORD thy God doth give thee for an inheritance, thou shalt save alive nothing that breatheth: <span class="ver">17</span>But thou shalt utterly destroy them; namely, the Hittites, and the Amorites, the Canaanites, and the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites; as the LORD thy God hath commanded thee: <span class="ver">18</span>That they teach you M
not to do after all their abominations, which they have done unto their gods; so should ye sin against the LORD your God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>When thou shalt besiege a city a long time, in making war against it to take it, thou shalt not destroy the trees thereof by forcing an axe against them: for thou mayest eat of them, and thou shalt not cut them down (for the tree of the field is man
s life) to employ them in the siege: <span class="ver">20</span>Only the trees which thou knowest that they bM
e not trees for meat, thou shalt destroy and cut them down; and thou shalt build bulwarks against the city that maketh war with thee, until it be subdued.
<h2 id="c21">Chapter 21</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>If one be found slain in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it, lying in the field, and it be not known who hath slain him: <span class="ver">2</span>Then thy elders and thy judges shall come forth, and they shall measure unto the cities which are round about him that is slain: <sM
pan class="ver">3</span>And it shall be, that the city which is next unto the slain man, even the elders of that city shall take an heifer, which hath not been wrought with, and which hath not drawn in the yoke; <span class="ver">4</span>And the elders of that city shall bring down the heifer unto a rough valley, which is neither eared nor sown, and shall strike off the heifer
s neck there in the valley: <span class="ver">5</span>And the priests the sons of Levi shall come near; for them the LORD thy God hath choM
sen to minister unto him, and to bless in the name of the LORD; and by their word shall every controversy and every stroke be tried: <span class="ver">6</span>And all the elders of that city, that are next unto the slain man, shall wash their hands over the heifer that is beheaded in the valley: <span class="ver">7</span>And they shall answer and say, Our hands have not shed this blood, neither have our eyes seen it. <span class="ver">8</span>Be merciful, O LORD, unto thy people Israel, whom thou hast redeemed, andM
lay not innocent blood unto thy people of Israel
s charge. And the blood shall be forgiven them. <span class="ver">9</span>So shalt thou put away the guilt of innocent blood from among you, when thou shalt do that which is right in the sight of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>When thou goest forth to war against thine enemies, and the LORD thy God hath delivered them into thine hands, and thou hast taken them captive, <span class="ver">11</span>And seest among the captives a beautiful woman, and hM
ast a desire unto her, that thou wouldest have her to thy wife; <span class="ver">12</span>Then thou shalt bring her home to thine house; and she shall shave her head, and pare her nails; <span class="ver">13</span>And she shall put the raiment of her captivity from off her, and shall remain in thine house, and bewail her father and her mother a full month: and after that thou shalt go in unto her, and be her husband, and she shall be thy wife. <span class="ver">14</span>And it shall be, if thou have no delight in M
her, then thou shalt let her go whither she will; but thou shalt not sell her at all for money, thou shalt not make merchandise of her, because thou hast humbled her. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>If a man have two wives, one beloved, and another hated, and they have born him children, both the beloved and the hated; and if the firstborn son be hers that was hated: <span class="ver">16</span>Then it shall be, when he maketh his sons to inherit that which he hath, that he may not make the son of the beloved fM
irstborn before the son of the hated, which is indeed the firstborn: <span class="ver">17</span>But he shall acknowledge the son of the hated for the firstborn, by giving him a double portion of all that he hath: for he is the beginning of his strength; the right of the firstborn is his. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>If a man have a stubborn and rebellious son, which will not obey the voice of his father, or the voice of his mother, and that, when they have chastened him, will not hearken unto them: <span clM
ass="ver">19</span>Then shall his father and his mother lay hold on him, and bring him out unto the elders of his city, and unto the gate of his place; <span class="ver">20</span>And they shall say unto the elders of his city, This our son is stubborn and rebellious, he will not obey our voice; he is a glutton, and a drunkard. <span class="ver">21</span>And all the men of his city shall stone him with stones, that he die: so shalt thou put evil away from among you; and all Israel shall hear, and fear. </p>
an class="ver">22</span>And if a man have committed a sin worthy of death, and he be to be put to death, and thou hang him on a tree: <span class="ver">23</span>His body shall not remain all night upon the tree, but thou shalt in any wise bury him that day; (for he that is hanged is accursed of God;) that thy land be not defiled, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance.
<h2 id="c22">Chapter 22</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Thou shalt not see thy brother
s ox or his sheep go astray, and hidM
e thyself from them: thou shalt in any case bring them again unto thy brother. <span class="ver">2</span>And if thy brother be not nigh unto thee, or if thou know him not, then thou shalt bring it unto thine own house, and it shall be with thee until thy brother seek after it, and thou shalt restore it to him again. <span class="ver">3</span>In like manner shalt thou do with his ass; and so shalt thou do with his raiment; and with all lost thing of thy brother
s, which he hath lost, and thou hast found, shalt thoM
u do likewise: thou mayest not hide thyself. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Thou shalt not see thy brother
s ass or his ox fall down by the way, and hide thyself from them: thou shalt surely help him to lift them up again. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>The woman shall not wear that which pertaineth unto a man, neither shall a man put on a woman
s garment: for all that do so are abomination unto the LORD thy God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>If a bird
s nest chance to be before thee in the waM
y in any tree, or on the ground, whether they be young ones, or eggs, and the dam sitting upon the young, or upon the eggs, thou shalt not take the dam with the young: <span class="ver">7</span>But thou shalt in any wise let the dam go, and take the young to thee; that it may be well with thee, and that thou mayest prolong thy days. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>When thou buildest a new house, then thou shalt make a battlement for thy roof, that thou bring not blood upon thine house, if any man fall from thenM
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Thou shalt not sow thy vineyard with divers seeds: lest the fruit of thy seed which thou hast sown, and the fruit of thy vineyard, be defiled. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Thou shalt not plow with an ox and an ass together. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Thou shalt not wear a garment of divers sorts, as of woollen and linen together. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Thou shalt make thee fringes upon the four quarters of thy vesture, wherewith thou coverest tM
<p><span class="ver">13</span>If any man take a wife, and go in unto her, and hate her, <span class="ver">14</span>And give occasions of speech against her, and bring up an evil name upon her, and say, I took this woman, and when I came to her, I found her not a maid: <span class="ver">15</span>Then shall the father of the damsel, and her mother, take and bring forth the tokens of the damsel
s virginity unto the elders of the city in the gate: <span class="ver">16</span>And the damsel
all say unto the elders, I gave my daughter unto this man to wife, and he hateth her; <span class="ver">17</span>And, lo, he hath given occasions of speech against her, saying, I found not thy daughter a maid; and yet these are the tokens of my daughter
s virginity. And they shall spread the cloth before the elders of the city. <span class="ver">18</span>And the elders of that city shall take that man and chastise him; <span class="ver">19</span>And they shall amerce him in an hundred shekels of silver, and give M
them unto the father of the damsel, because he hath brought up an evil name upon a virgin of Israel: and she shall be his wife; he may not put her away all his days. <span class="ver">20</span>But if this thing be true, and the tokens of virginity be not found for the damsel: <span class="ver">21</span>Then they shall bring out the damsel to the door of her father
s house, and the men of her city shall stone her with stones that she die: because she hath wrought folly in Israel, to play the whore in her father
s house: so shalt thou put evil away from among you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>If a man be found lying with a woman married to an husband, then they shall both of them die, both the man that lay with the woman, and the woman: so shalt thou put away evil from Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>If a damsel that is a virgin be betrothed unto an husband, and a man find her in the city, and lie with her; <span class="ver">24</span>Then ye shall bring them both out unto the gate of that city, and ye M
shall stone them with stones that they die; the damsel, because she cried not, being in the city; and the man, because he hath humbled his neighbour
s wife: so thou shalt put away evil from among you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>But if a man find a betrothed damsel in the field, and the man force her, and lie with her: then the man only that lay with her shall die: <span class="ver">26</span>But unto the damsel thou shalt do nothing; there is in the damsel no sin worthy of death: for as when a man risethM
against his neighbour, and slayeth him, even so is this matter: <span class="ver">27</span>For he found her in the field, and the betrothed damsel cried, and there was none to save her. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>If a man find a damsel that is a virgin, which is not betrothed, and lay hold on her, and lie with her, and they be found; <span class="ver">29</span>Then the man that lay with her shall give unto the damsel
s father fifty shekels of silver, and she shall be his wife; because he hath humbled hM
er, he may not put her away all his days. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>A man shall not take his father
s wife, nor discover his father
<h2 id="c23">Chapter 23</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>He that is wounded in the stones, or hath his privy member cut off, shall not enter into the congregation of the LORD. <span class="ver">2</span>A bastard shall not enter into the congregation of the LORD; even to his tenth generation shall he not enter into the congregation of the LORD. <span classM
="ver">3</span>An Ammonite or Moabite shall not enter into the congregation of the LORD; even to their tenth generation shall they not enter into the congregation of the LORD for ever: <span class="ver">4</span>Because they met you not with bread and with water in the way, when ye came forth out of Egypt; and because they hired against thee Balaam the son of Beor of Pethor of Mesopotamia, to curse thee. <span class="ver">5</span>Nevertheless the LORD thy God would not hearken unto Balaam; but the LORD thy God turneM
d the curse into a blessing unto thee, because the LORD thy God loved thee. <span class="ver">6</span>Thou shalt not seek their peace nor their prosperity all thy days for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Thou shalt not abhor an Edomite; for he is thy brother: thou shalt not abhor an Egyptian; because thou wast a stranger in his land. <span class="ver">8</span>The children that are begotten of them shall enter into the congregation of the LORD in their third generation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>M
When the host goeth forth against thine enemies, then keep thee from every wicked thing. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>If there be among you any man, that is not clean by reason of uncleanness that chanceth him by night, then shall he go abroad out of the camp, he shall not come within the camp: <span class="ver">11</span>But it shall be, when evening cometh on, he shall wash himself with water: and when the sun is down, he shall come into the camp again. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Thou shalt have M
a place also without the camp, whither thou shalt go forth abroad: <span class="ver">13</span>And thou shalt have a paddle upon thy weapon; and it shall be, when thou wilt ease thyself abroad, thou shalt dig therewith, and shalt turn back and cover that which cometh from thee: <span class="ver">14</span>For the LORD thy God walketh in the midst of thy camp, to deliver thee, and to give up thine enemies before thee; therefore shall thy camp be holy: that he see no unclean thing in thee, and turn away from thee. </p>M
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Thou shalt not deliver unto his master the servant which is escaped from his master unto thee: <span class="ver">16</span>He shall dwell with thee, even among you, in that place which he shall choose in one of thy gates, where it liketh him best: thou shalt not oppress him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>There shall be no whore of the daughters of Israel, nor a sodomite of the sons of Israel. <span class="ver">18</span>Thou shalt not bring the hire of a whore, or the price of M
a dog, into the house of the LORD thy God for any vow: for even both these are abomination unto the LORD thy God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Thou shalt not lend upon usury to thy brother; usury of money, usury of victuals, usury of any thing that is lent upon usury: <span class="ver">20</span>Unto a stranger thou mayest lend upon usury; but unto thy brother thou shalt not lend upon usury: that the LORD thy God may bless thee in all that thou settest thine hand to in the land whither thou goest to possess M
<p><span class="ver">21</span>When thou shalt vow a vow unto the LORD thy God, thou shalt not slack to pay it: for the LORD thy God will surely require it of thee; and it would be sin in thee. <span class="ver">22</span>But if thou shalt forbear to vow, it shall be no sin in thee. <span class="ver">23</span>That which is gone out of thy lips thou shalt keep and perform; even a freewill offering, according as thou hast vowed unto the LORD thy God, which thou hast promised with thy mouth. </p>
lass="ver">24</span>When thou comest into thy neighbour
s vineyard, then thou mayest eat grapes thy fill at thine own pleasure; but thou shalt not put any in thy vessel. <span class="ver">25</span>When thou comest into the standing corn of thy neighbour, then thou mayest pluck the ears with thine hand; but thou shalt not move a sickle unto thy neighbour
<h2 id="c24">Chapter 24</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>When a man hath taken a wife, and married her, and it come to pass that she finM
d no favour in his eyes, because he hath found some uncleanness in her: then let him write her a bill of divorcement, and give it in her hand, and send her out of his house. <span class="ver">2</span>And when she is departed out of his house, she may go and be another man
s wife. <span class="ver">3</span>And if the latter husband hate her, and write her a bill of divorcement, and giveth it in her hand, and sendeth her out of his house; or if the latter husband die, which took her to be his wife; <span class="verM
">4</span>Her former husband, which sent her away, may not take her again to be his wife, after that she is defiled; for that is abomination before the LORD: and thou shalt not cause the land to sin, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>When a man hath taken a new wife, he shall not go out to war, neither shall he be charged with any business: but he shall be free at home one year, and shall cheer up his wife which he hath taken. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</sM
pan>No man shall take the nether or the upper millstone to pledge: for he taketh a man
s life to pledge. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>If a man be found stealing any of his brethren of the children of Israel, and maketh merchandise of him, or selleth him; then that thief shall die; and thou shalt put evil away from among you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Take heed in the plague of leprosy, that thou observe diligently, and do according to all that the priests the Levites shall teach you: as I commandM
ed them, so ye shall observe to do. <span class="ver">9</span>Remember what the LORD thy God did unto Miriam by the way, after that ye were come forth out of Egypt. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>When thou dost lend thy brother any thing, thou shalt not go into his house to fetch his pledge. <span class="ver">11</span>Thou shalt stand abroad, and the man to whom thou dost lend shall bring out the pledge abroad unto thee. <span class="ver">12</span>And if the man be poor, thou shalt not sleep with his pledge: M
<span class="ver">13</span>In any case thou shalt deliver him the pledge again when the sun goeth down, that he may sleep in his own raiment, and bless thee: and it shall be righteousness unto thee before the LORD thy God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Thou shalt not oppress an hired servant that is poor and needy, whether he be of thy brethren, or of thy strangers that are in thy land within thy gates: <span class="ver">15</span>At his day thou shalt give him his hire, neither shall the sun go down upon it;M
for he is poor, and setteth his heart upon it: lest he cry against thee unto the LORD, and it be sin unto thee. <span class="ver">16</span>The fathers shall not be put to death for the children, neither shall the children be put to death for the fathers: every man shall be put to death for his own sin. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Thou shalt not pervert the judgment of the stranger, nor of the fatherless; nor take a widow
s raiment to pledge: <span class="ver">18</span>But thou shalt remember that thou wM
ast a bondman in Egypt, and the LORD thy God redeemed thee thence: therefore I command thee to do this thing. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>When thou cuttest down thine harvest in thy field, and hast forgot a sheaf in the field, thou shalt not go again to fetch it: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow: that the LORD thy God may bless thee in all the work of thine hands. <span class="ver">20</span>When thou beatest thine olive tree, thou shalt not go over the boughs again: it shM
all be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow. <span class="ver">21</span>When thou gatherest the grapes of thy vineyard, thou shalt not glean it afterward: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow. <span class="ver">22</span>And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in the land of Egypt: therefore I command thee to do this thing.
<h2 id="c25">Chapter 25</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>If there be a controversy between men, and they come unto judgment, thatM
the judges may judge them; then they shall justify the righteous, and condemn the wicked. <span class="ver">2</span>And it shall be, if the wicked man be worthy to be beaten, that the judge shall cause him to lie down, and to be beaten before his face, according to his fault, by a certain number. <span class="ver">3</span>Forty stripes he may give him, and not exceed: lest, if he should exceed, and beat him above these with many stripes, then thy brother should seem vile unto thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</sM
pan>Thou shalt not muzzle the ox when he treadeth out the corn. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>If brethren dwell together, and one of them die, and have no child, the wife of the dead shall not marry without unto a stranger: her husband
s brother shall go in unto her, and take her to him to wife, and perform the duty of an husband
s brother unto her. <span class="ver">6</span>And it shall be, that the firstborn which she beareth shall succeed in the name of his brother which is dead, that his name be not pM
ut out of Israel. <span class="ver">7</span>And if the man like not to take his brother
s wife, then let his brother
s wife go up to the gate unto the elders, and say, My husband
s brother refuseth to raise up unto his brother a name in Israel, he will not perform the duty of my husband
s brother. <span class="ver">8</span>Then the elders of his city shall call him, and speak unto him: and if he stand to it, and say, I like not to take her; <span class="ver">9</span>Then shall his brother
him in the presence of the elders, and loose his shoe from off his foot, and spit in his face, and shall answer and say, So shall it be done unto that man that will not build up his brother
s house. <span class="ver">10</span>And his name shall be called in Israel, The house of him that hath his shoe loosed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>When men strive together one with another, and the wife of the one draweth near for to deliver her husband out of the hand of him that smiteth him, and putteth forth her M
hand, and taketh him by the secrets: <span class="ver">12</span>Then thou shalt cut off her hand, thine eye shall not pity her. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Thou shalt not have in thy bag divers weights, a great and a small. <span class="ver">14</span>Thou shalt not have in thine house divers measures, a great and a small. <span class="ver">15</span>But thou shalt have a perfect and just weight, a perfect and just measure shalt thou have: that thy days may be lengthened in the land which the LORD thy God giM
veth thee. <span class="ver">16</span>For all that do such things, and all that do unrighteously, are an abomination unto the LORD thy God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Remember what Amalek did unto thee by the way, when ye were come forth out of Egypt; <span class="ver">18</span>How he met thee by the way, and smote the hindmost of thee, even all that were feeble behind thee, when thou wast faint and weary; and he feared not God. <span class="ver">19</span>Therefore it shall be, when the LORD thy God hath M
given thee rest from all thine enemies round about, in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance to possess it, that thou shalt blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven; thou shalt not forget it.
<h2 id="c26">Chapter 26</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it shall be, when thou art come in unto the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance, and possessest it, and dwellest therein; <span class="ver">2</span>That thou shalt take of the first of all the fruit oM
f the earth, which thou shalt bring of thy land that the LORD thy God giveth thee, and shalt put it in a basket, and shalt go unto the place which the LORD thy God shall choose to place his name there. <span class="ver">3</span>And thou shalt go unto the priest that shall be in those days, and say unto him, I profess this day unto the LORD thy God, that I am come unto the country which the LORD sware unto our fathers for to give us. <span class="ver">4</span>And the priest shall take the basket out of thine hand, aM
nd set it down before the altar of the LORD thy God. <span class="ver">5</span>And thou shalt speak and say before the LORD thy God, A Syrian ready to perish was my father, and he went down into Egypt, and sojourned there with a few, and became there a nation, great, mighty, and populous: <span class="ver">6</span>And the Egyptians evil entreated us, and afflicted us, and laid upon us hard bondage: <span class="ver">7</span>And when we cried unto the LORD God of our fathers, the LORD heard our voice, and looked on M
our affliction, and our labour, and our oppression: <span class="ver">8</span>And the LORD brought us forth out of Egypt with a mighty hand, and with an outstretched arm, and with great terribleness, and with signs, and with wonders: <span class="ver">9</span>And he hath brought us into this place, and hath given us this land, even a land that floweth with milk and honey. <span class="ver">10</span>And now, behold, I have brought the firstfruits of the land, which thou, O LORD, hast given me. And thou shalt set it M
before the LORD thy God, and worship before the LORD thy God: <span class="ver">11</span>And thou shalt rejoice in every good thing which the LORD thy God hath given unto thee, and unto thine house, thou, and the Levite, and the stranger that is among you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>When thou hast made an end of tithing all the tithes of thine increase the third year, which is the year of tithing, and hast given it unto the Levite, the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow, that they may eat within thy M
gates, and be filled; <span class="ver">13</span>Then thou shalt say before the LORD thy God, I have brought away the hallowed things out of mine house, and also have given them unto the Levite, and unto the stranger, to the fatherless, and to the widow, according to all thy commandments which thou hast commanded me: I have not transgressed thy commandments, neither have I forgotten them: <span class="ver">14</span>I have not eaten thereof in my mourning, neither have I taken away ought thereof for any unclean use,M
nor given ought thereof for the dead: but I have hearkened to the voice of the LORD my God, and have done according to all that thou hast commanded me. <span class="ver">15</span>Look down from thy holy habitation, from heaven, and bless thy people Israel, and the land which thou hast given us, as thou swarest unto our fathers, a land that floweth with milk and honey. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>This day the LORD thy God hath commanded thee to do these statutes and judgments: thou shalt therefore keep andM
do them with all thine heart, and with all thy soul. <span class="ver">17</span>Thou hast avouched the LORD this day to be thy God, and to walk in his ways, and to keep his statutes, and his commandments, and his judgments, and to hearken unto his voice: <span class="ver">18</span>And the LORD hath avouched thee this day to be his peculiar people, as he hath promised thee, and that thou shouldest keep all his commandments; <span class="ver">19</span>And to make thee high above all nations which he hath made, in prM
aise, and in name, and in honour; and that thou mayest be an holy people unto the LORD thy God, as he hath spoken.
<h2 id="c27">Chapter 27</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Moses with the elders of Israel commanded the people, saying, Keep all the commandments which I command you this day. <span class="ver">2</span>And it shall be on the day when ye shall pass over Jordan unto the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee, that thou shalt set thee up great stones, and plaister them with plaister: <span clasM
s="ver">3</span>And thou shalt write upon them all the words of this law, when thou art passed over, that thou mayest go in unto the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee, a land that floweth with milk and honey; as the LORD God of thy fathers hath promised thee. <span class="ver">4</span>Therefore it shall be when ye be gone over Jordan, that ye shall set up these stones, which I command you this day, in mount Ebal, and thou shalt plaister them with plaister. <span class="ver">5</span>And there shalt thou build M
an altar unto the LORD thy God, an altar of stones: thou shalt not lift up any iron tool upon them. <span class="ver">6</span>Thou shalt build the altar of the LORD thy God of whole stones: and thou shalt offer burnt offerings thereon unto the LORD thy God: <span class="ver">7</span>And thou shalt offer peace offerings, and shalt eat there, and rejoice before the LORD thy God. <span class="ver">8</span>And thou shalt write upon the stones all the words of this law very plainly. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>AM
nd Moses and the priests the Levites spake unto all Israel, saying, Take heed, and hearken, O Israel; this day thou art become the people of the LORD thy God. <span class="ver">10</span>Thou shalt therefore obey the voice of the LORD thy God, and do his commandments and his statutes, which I command thee this day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And Moses charged the people the same day, saying, <span class="ver">12</span>These shall stand upon mount Gerizim to bless the people, when ye are come over Jordan; SM
imeon, and Levi, and Judah, and Issachar, and Joseph, and Benjamin: <span class="ver">13</span>And these shall stand upon mount Ebal to curse; Reuben, Gad, and Asher, and Zebulun, Dan, and Naphtali. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And the Levites shall speak, and say unto all the men of Israel with a loud voice, <span class="ver">15</span>Cursed be the man that maketh any graven or molten image, an abomination unto the LORD, the work of the hands of the craftsman, and putteth it in a secret place. And all the M
people shall answer and say, Amen. <span class="ver">16</span>Cursed be he that setteth light by his father or his mother. And all the people shall say, Amen. <span class="ver">17</span>Cursed be he that removeth his neighbour
s landmark. And all the people shall say, Amen. <span class="ver">18</span>Cursed be he that maketh the blind to wander out of the way. And all the people shall say, Amen. <span class="ver">19</span>Cursed be he that perverteth the judgment of the stranger, fatherless, and widow. And all thM
e people shall say, Amen. <span class="ver">20</span>Cursed be he that lieth with his father
s wife; because he uncovereth his father
s skirt. And all the people shall say, Amen. <span class="ver">21</span>Cursed be he that lieth with any manner of beast. And all the people shall say, Amen. <span class="ver">22</span>Cursed be he that lieth with his sister, the daughter of his father, or the daughter of his mother. And all the people shall say, Amen. <span class="ver">23</span>Cursed be he that lieth with his mM
other in law. And all the people shall say, Amen. <span class="ver">24</span>Cursed be he that smiteth his neighbour secretly. And all the people shall say, Amen. <span class="ver">25</span>Cursed be he that taketh reward to slay an innocent person. And all the people shall say, Amen. <span class="ver">26</span>Cursed be he that confirmeth not all the words of this law to do them. And all the people shall say, Amen.
<h2 id="c28">Chapter 28</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it shall come to pass, if thou sM
halt hearken diligently unto the voice of the LORD thy God, to observe and to do all his commandments which I command thee this day, that the LORD thy God will set thee on high above all nations of the earth: <span class="ver">2</span>And all these blessings shall come on thee, and overtake thee, if thou shalt hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God. <span class="ver">3</span>Blessed shalt thou be in the city, and blessed shalt thou be in the field. <span class="ver">4</span>Blessed shall be the fruit of thy bodM
y, and the fruit of thy ground, and the fruit of thy cattle, the increase of thy kine, and the flocks of thy sheep. <span class="ver">5</span>Blessed shall be thy basket and thy store. <span class="ver">6</span>Blessed shalt thou be when thou comest in, and blessed shalt thou be when thou goest out. <span class="ver">7</span>The LORD shall cause thine enemies that rise up against thee to be smitten before thy face: they shall come out against thee one way, and flee before thee seven ways. <span class="ver">8</span>M
The LORD shall command the blessing upon thee in thy storehouses, and in all that thou settest thine hand unto; and he shall bless thee in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee. <span class="ver">9</span>The LORD shall establish thee an holy people unto himself, as he hath sworn unto thee, if thou shalt keep the commandments of the LORD thy God, and walk in his ways. <span class="ver">10</span>And all people of the earth shall see that thou art called by the name of the LORD; and they shall be afraid of thee.M
<span class="ver">11</span>And the LORD shall make thee plenteous in goods, in the fruit of thy body, and in the fruit of thy cattle, and in the fruit of thy ground, in the land which the LORD sware unto thy fathers to give thee. <span class="ver">12</span>The LORD shall open unto thee his good treasure, the heaven to give the rain unto thy land in his season, and to bless all the work of thine hand: and thou shalt lend unto many nations, and thou shalt not borrow. <span class="ver">13</span>And the LORD shall makM
e thee the head, and not the tail; and thou shalt be above only, and thou shalt not be beneath; if that thou hearken unto the commandments of the LORD thy God, which I command thee this day, to observe and to do them: <span class="ver">14</span>And thou shalt not go aside from any of the words which I command thee this day, to the right hand, or to the left, to go after other gods to serve them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>But it shall come to pass, if thou wilt not hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy GM
od, to observe to do all his commandments and his statutes which I command thee this day; that all these curses shall come upon thee, and overtake thee: <span class="ver">16</span>Cursed shalt thou be in the city, and cursed shalt thou be in the field. <span class="ver">17</span>Cursed shall be thy basket and thy store. <span class="ver">18</span>Cursed shall be the fruit of thy body, and the fruit of thy land, the increase of thy kine, and the flocks of thy sheep. <span class="ver">19</span>Cursed shalt thou be whM
en thou comest in, and cursed shalt thou be when thou goest out. <span class="ver">20</span>The LORD shall send upon thee cursing, vexation, and rebuke, in all that thou settest thine hand unto for to do, until thou be destroyed, and until thou perish quickly; because of the wickedness of thy doings, whereby thou hast forsaken me. <span class="ver">21</span>The LORD shall make the pestilence cleave unto thee, until he have consumed thee from off the land, whither thou goest to possess it. <span class="ver">22</spanM
>The LORD shall smite thee with a consumption, and with a fever, and with an inflammation, and with an extreme burning, and with the sword, and with blasting, and with mildew; and they shall pursue thee until thou perish. <span class="ver">23</span>And thy heaven that is over thy head shall be brass, and the earth that is under thee shall be iron. <span class="ver">24</span>The LORD shall make the rain of thy land powder and dust: from heaven shall it come down upon thee, until thou be destroyed. <span class="ver">M
25</span>The LORD shall cause thee to be smitten before thine enemies: thou shalt go out one way against them, and flee seven ways before them: and shalt be removed into all the kingdoms of the earth. <span class="ver">26</span>And thy carcase shall be meat unto all fowls of the air, and unto the beasts of the earth, and no man shall fray them away. <span class="ver">27</span>The LORD will smite thee with the botch of Egypt, and with the emerods, and with the scab, and with the itch, whereof thou canst not be healeM
d. <span class="ver">28</span>The LORD shall smite thee with madness, and blindness, and astonishment of heart: <span class="ver">29</span>And thou shalt grope at noonday, as the blind gropeth in darkness, and thou shalt not prosper in thy ways: and thou shalt be only oppressed and spoiled evermore, and no man shall save thee. <span class="ver">30</span>Thou shalt betroth a wife, and another man shall lie with her: thou shalt build an house, and thou shalt not dwell therein: thou shalt plant a vineyard, and shalt nM
ot gather the grapes thereof. <span class="ver">31</span>Thine ox shall be slain before thine eyes, and thou shalt not eat thereof: thine ass shall be violently taken away from before thy face, and shall not be restored to thee: thy sheep shall be given unto thine enemies, and thou shalt have none to rescue them. <span class="ver">32</span>Thy sons and thy daughters shall be given unto another people, and thine eyes shall look, and fail with longing for them all the day long: and there shall be no might in thine haM
nd. <span class="ver">33</span>The fruit of thy land, and all thy labours, shall a nation which thou knowest not eat up; and thou shalt be only oppressed and crushed alway: <span class="ver">34</span>So that thou shalt be mad for the sight of thine eyes which thou shalt see. <span class="ver">35</span>The LORD shall smite thee in the knees, and in the legs, with a sore botch that cannot be healed, from the sole of thy foot unto the top of thy head. <span class="ver">36</span>The LORD shall bring thee, and thy king M
which thou shalt set over thee, unto a nation which neither thou nor thy fathers have known; and there shalt thou serve other gods, wood and stone. <span class="ver">37</span>And thou shalt become an astonishment, a proverb, and a byword, among all nations whither the LORD shall lead thee. <span class="ver">38</span>Thou shalt carry much seed out into the field, and shalt gather but little in; for the locust shall consume it. <span class="ver">39</span>Thou shalt plant vineyards, and dress them, but shalt neither dM
rink of the wine, nor gather the grapes; for the worms shall eat them. <span class="ver">40</span>Thou shalt have olive trees throughout all thy coasts, but thou shalt not anoint thyself with the oil; for thine olive shall cast his fruit. <span class="ver">41</span>Thou shalt beget sons and daughters, but thou shalt not enjoy them; for they shall go into captivity. <span class="ver">42</span>All thy trees and fruit of thy land shall the locust consume. <span class="ver">43</span>The stranger that is within thee shaM
ll get up above thee very high; and thou shalt come down very low. <span class="ver">44</span>He shall lend to thee, and thou shalt not lend to him: he shall be the head, and thou shalt be the tail. <span class="ver">45</span>Moreover all these curses shall come upon thee, and shall pursue thee, and overtake thee, till thou be destroyed; because thou hearkenedst not unto the voice of the LORD thy God, to keep his commandments and his statutes which he commanded thee: <span class="ver">46</span>And they shall be upoM
n thee for a sign and for a wonder, and upon thy seed for ever. <span class="ver">47</span>Because thou servedst not the LORD thy God with joyfulness, and with gladness of heart, for the abundance of all things; <span class="ver">48</span>Therefore shalt thou serve thine enemies which the LORD shall send against thee, in hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in want of all things: and he shall put a yoke of iron upon thy neck, until he have destroyed thee. <span class="ver">49</span>The LORD shall bring a naM
tion against thee from far, from the end of the earth, as swift as the eagle flieth; a nation whose tongue thou shalt not understand; <span class="ver">50</span>A nation of fierce countenance, which shall not regard the person of the old, nor shew favour to the young: <span class="ver">51</span>And he shall eat the fruit of thy cattle, and the fruit of thy land, until thou be destroyed: which also shall not leave thee either corn, wine, or oil, or the increase of thy kine, or flocks of thy sheep, until he have destM
royed thee. <span class="ver">52</span>And he shall besiege thee in all thy gates, until thy high and fenced walls come down, wherein thou trustedst, throughout all thy land: and he shall besiege thee in all thy gates throughout all thy land, which the LORD thy God hath given thee. <span class="ver">53</span>And thou shalt eat the fruit of thine own body, the flesh of thy sons and of thy daughters, which the LORD thy God hath given thee, in the siege, and in the straitness, wherewith thine enemies shall distress thM
ee: <span class="ver">54</span>So that the man that is tender among you, and very delicate, his eye shall be evil toward his brother, and toward the wife of his bosom, and toward the remnant of his children which he shall leave: <span class="ver">55</span>So that he will not give to any of them of the flesh of his children whom he shall eat: because he hath nothing left him in the siege, and in the straitness, wherewith thine enemies shall distress thee in all thy gates. <span class="ver">56</span>The tender and deM
licate woman among you, which would not adventure to set the sole of her foot upon the ground for delicateness and tenderness, her eye shall be evil toward the husband of her bosom, and toward her son, and toward her daughter, <span class="ver">57</span>And toward her young one that cometh out from between her feet, and toward her children which she shall bear: for she shall eat them for want of all things secretly in the siege and straitness, wherewith thine enemy shall distress thee in thy gates. <span class="verM
">58</span>If thou wilt not observe to do all the words of this law that are written in this book, that thou mayest fear this glorious and fearful name, THE LORD THY GOD; <span class="ver">59</span>Then the LORD will make thy plagues wonderful, and the plagues of thy seed, even great plagues, and of long continuance, and sore sicknesses, and of long continuance. <span class="ver">60</span>Moreover he will bring upon thee all the diseases of Egypt, which thou wast afraid of; and they shall cleave unto thee. <span clM
ass="ver">61</span>Also every sickness, and every plague, which is not written in the book of this law, them will the LORD bring upon thee, until thou be destroyed. <span class="ver">62</span>And ye shall be left few in number, whereas ye were as the stars of heaven for multitude; because thou wouldest not obey the voice of the LORD thy God. <span class="ver">63</span>And it shall come to pass, that as the LORD rejoiced over you to do you good, and to multiply you; so the LORD will rejoice over you to destroy you, M
and to bring you to nought; and ye shall be plucked from off the land whither thou goest to possess it. <span class="ver">64</span>And the LORD shall scatter thee among all people, from the one end of the earth even unto the other; and there thou shalt serve other gods, which neither thou nor thy fathers have known, even wood and stone. <span class="ver">65</span>And among these nations shalt thou find no ease, neither shall the sole of thy foot have rest: but the LORD shall give thee there a trembling heart, and fM
ailing of eyes, and sorrow of mind: <span class="ver">66</span>And thy life shall hang in doubt before thee; and thou shalt fear day and night, and shalt have none assurance of thy life: <span class="ver">67</span>In the morning thou shalt say, Would God it were even! and at even thou shalt say, Would God it were morning! for the fear of thine heart wherewith thou shalt fear, and for the sight of thine eyes which thou shalt see. <span class="ver">68</span>And the LORD shall bring thee into Egypt again with ships, bM
y the way whereof I spake unto thee, Thou shalt see it no more again: and there ye shall be sold unto your enemies for bondmen and bondwomen, and no man shall buy you.
<h2 id="c29">Chapter 29</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>These are the words of the covenant, which the LORD commanded Moses to make with the children of Israel in the land of Moab, beside the covenant which he made with them in Horeb. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>And Moses called unto all Israel, and said unto them, Ye have seen all thM
at the LORD did before your eyes in the land of Egypt unto Pharaoh, and unto all his servants, and unto all his land; <span class="ver">3</span>The great temptations which thine eyes have seen, the signs, and those great miracles: <span class="ver">4</span>Yet the LORD hath not given you an heart to perceive, and eyes to see, and ears to hear, unto this day. <span class="ver">5</span>And I have led you forty years in the wilderness: your clothes are not waxen old upon you, and thy shoe is not waxen old upon thy fooM
t. <span class="ver">6</span>Ye have not eaten bread, neither have ye drunk wine or strong drink: that ye might know that I am the LORD your God. <span class="ver">7</span>And when ye came unto this place, Sihon the king of Heshbon, and Og the king of Bashan, came out against us unto battle, and we smote them: <span class="ver">8</span>And we took their land, and gave it for an inheritance unto the Reubenites, and to the Gadites, and to the half tribe of Manasseh. <span class="ver">9</span>Keep therefore the words M
of this covenant, and do them, that ye may prosper in all that ye do. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Ye stand this day all of you before the LORD your God; your captains of your tribes, your elders, and your officers, with all the men of Israel, <span class="ver">11</span>Your little ones, your wives, and thy stranger that is in thy camp, from the hewer of thy wood unto the drawer of thy water: <span class="ver">12</span>That thou shouldest enter into covenant with the LORD thy God, and into his oath, which tM
he LORD thy God maketh with thee this day: <span class="ver">13</span>That he may establish thee to day for a people unto himself, and that he may be unto thee a God, as he hath said unto thee, and as he hath sworn unto thy fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob. <span class="ver">14</span>Neither with you only do I make this covenant and this oath; <span class="ver">15</span>But with him that standeth here with us this day before the LORD our God, and also with him that is not here with us this day: <span claM
ss="ver">16</span>(For ye know how we have dwelt in the land of Egypt; and how we came through the nations which ye passed by; <span class="ver">17</span>And ye have seen their abominations, and their idols, wood and stone, silver and gold, which were among them:) <span class="ver">18</span>Lest there should be among you man, or woman, or family, or tribe, whose heart turneth away this day from the LORD our God, to go and serve the gods of these nations; lest there should be among you a root that beareth gall and wM
ormwood; <span class="ver">19</span>And it come to pass, when he heareth the words of this curse, that he bless himself in his heart, saying, I shall have peace, though I walk in the imagination of mine heart, to add drunkenness to thirst: <span class="ver">20</span>The LORD will not spare him, but then the anger of the LORD and his jealousy shall smoke against that man, and all the curses that are written in this book shall lie upon him, and the LORD shall blot out his name from under heaven. <span class="ver">21<M
/span>And the LORD shall separate him unto evil out of all the tribes of Israel, according to all the curses of the covenant that are written in this book of the law: <span class="ver">22</span>So that the generation to come of your children that shall rise up after you, and the stranger that shall come from a far land, shall say, when they see the plagues of that land, and the sicknesses which the LORD hath laid upon it; <span class="ver">23</span>And that the whole land thereof is brimstone, and salt, and burningM
, that it is not sown, nor beareth, nor any grass groweth therein, like the overthrow of Sodom, and Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboim, which the LORD overthrew in his anger, and in his wrath: <span class="ver">24</span>Even all nations shall say, Wherefore hath the LORD done thus unto this land? what meaneth the heat of this great anger? <span class="ver">25</span>Then men shall say, Because they have forsaken the covenant of the LORD God of their fathers, which he made with them when he brought them forth out of the lanM
d of Egypt: <span class="ver">26</span>For they went and served other gods, and worshipped them, gods whom they knew not, and whom he had not given unto them: <span class="ver">27</span>And the anger of the LORD was kindled against this land, to bring upon it all the curses that are written in this book: <span class="ver">28</span>And the LORD rooted them out of their land in anger, and in wrath, and in great indignation, and cast them into another land, as it is this day. <span class="ver">29</span>The secret thinM
gs belong unto the LORD our God: but those things which are revealed belong unto us and to our children for ever, that we may do all the words of this law.
<h2 id="c30">Chapter 30</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it shall come to pass, when all these things are come upon thee, the blessing and the curse, which I have set before thee, and thou shalt call them to mind among all the nations, whither the LORD thy God hath driven thee, <span class="ver">2</span>And shalt return unto the LORD thy God, and shalM
t obey his voice according to all that I command thee this day, thou and thy children, with all thine heart, and with all thy soul; <span class="ver">3</span>That then the LORD thy God will turn thy captivity, and have compassion upon thee, and will return and gather thee from all the nations, whither the LORD thy God hath scattered thee. <span class="ver">4</span>If any of thine be driven out unto the outmost parts of heaven, from thence will the LORD thy God gather thee, and from thence will he fetch thee: <span M
class="ver">5</span>And the LORD thy God will bring thee into the land which thy fathers possessed, and thou shalt possess it; and he will do thee good, and multiply thee above thy fathers. <span class="ver">6</span>And the LORD thy God will circumcise thine heart, and the heart of thy seed, to love the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, that thou mayest live. <span class="ver">7</span>And the LORD thy God will put all these curses upon thine enemies, and on them that hate thee, which persecuM
ted thee. <span class="ver">8</span>And thou shalt return and obey the voice of the LORD, and do all his commandments which I command thee this day. <span class="ver">9</span>And the LORD thy God will make thee plenteous in every work of thine hand, in the fruit of thy body, and in the fruit of thy cattle, and in the fruit of thy land, for good: for the LORD will again rejoice over thee for good, as he rejoiced over thy fathers: <span class="ver">10</span>If thou shalt hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God, toM
keep his commandments and his statutes which are written in this book of the law, and if thou turn unto the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>For this commandment which I command thee this day, it is not hidden from thee, neither is it far off. <span class="ver">12</span>It is not in heaven, that thou shouldest say, Who shall go up for us to heaven, and bring it unto us, that we may hear it, and do it? <span class="ver">13</span>Neither is it beyond the M
sea, that thou shouldest say, Who shall go over the sea for us, and bring it unto us, that we may hear it, and do it? <span class="ver">14</span>But the word is very nigh unto thee, in thy mouth, and in thy heart, that thou mayest do it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>See, I have set before thee this day life and good, and death and evil; <span class="ver">16</span>In that I command thee this day to love the LORD thy God, to walk in his ways, and to keep his commandments and his statutes and his judgments, thM
at thou mayest live and multiply: and the LORD thy God shall bless thee in the land whither thou goest to possess it. <span class="ver">17</span>But if thine heart turn away, so that thou wilt not hear, but shalt be drawn away, and worship other gods, and serve them; <span class="ver">18</span>I denounce unto you this day, that ye shall surely perish, and that ye shall not prolong your days upon the land, whither thou passest over Jordan to go to possess it. <span class="ver">19</span>I call heaven and earth to recM
ord this day against you, that I have set before you life and death, blessing and cursing: therefore choose life, that both thou and thy seed may live: <span class="ver">20</span>That thou mayest love the LORD thy God, and that thou mayest obey his voice, and that thou mayest cleave unto him: for he is thy life, and the length of thy days: that thou mayest dwell in the land which the LORD sware unto thy fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to give them.
<h2 id="c31">Chapter 31</h2>
<p><span class="verM
">1</span>And Moses went and spake these words unto all Israel. <span class="ver">2</span>And he said unto them, I am an hundred and twenty years old this day; I can no more go out and come in: also the LORD hath said unto me, Thou shalt not go over this Jordan. <span class="ver">3</span>The LORD thy God, he will go over before thee, and he will destroy these nations from before thee, and thou shalt possess them: and Joshua, he shall go over before thee, as the LORD hath said. <span class="ver">4</span>And the LORDM
shall do unto them as he did to Sihon and to Og, kings of the Amorites, and unto the land of them, whom he destroyed. <span class="ver">5</span>And the LORD shall give them up before your face, that ye may do unto them according unto all the commandments which I have commanded you. <span class="ver">6</span>Be strong and of a good courage, fear not, nor be afraid of them: for the LORD thy God, he it is that doth go with thee; he will not fail thee, nor forsake thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And Moses caM
lled unto Joshua, and said unto him in the sight of all Israel, Be strong and of a good courage: for thou must go with this people unto the land which the LORD hath sworn unto their fathers to give them; and thou shalt cause them to inherit it. <span class="ver">8</span>And the LORD, he it is that doth go before thee; he will be with thee, he will not fail thee, neither forsake thee: fear not, neither be dismayed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And Moses wrote this law, and delivered it unto the priests the soM
ns of Levi, which bare the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and unto all the elders of Israel. <span class="ver">10</span>And Moses commanded them, saying, At the end of every seven years, in the solemnity of the year of release, in the feast of tabernacles, <span class="ver">11</span>When all Israel is come to appear before the LORD thy God in the place which he shall choose, thou shalt read this law before all Israel in their hearing. <span class="ver">12</span>Gather the people together, men, and women, and chilM
dren, and thy stranger that is within thy gates, that they may hear, and that they may learn, and fear the LORD your God, and observe to do all the words of this law: <span class="ver">13</span>And that their children, which have not known any thing, may hear, and learn to fear the LORD your God, as long as ye live in the land whither ye go over Jordan to possess it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Behold, thy days approach that thou must die: call Joshua, and present yourselves iM
n the tabernacle of the congregation, that I may give him a charge. And Moses and Joshua went, and presented themselves in the tabernacle of the congregation. <span class="ver">15</span>And the LORD appeared in the tabernacle in a pillar of a cloud: and the pillar of the cloud stood over the door of the tabernacle. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Behold, thou shalt sleep with thy fathers; and this people will rise up, and go a whoring after the gods of the strangers of the land, wM
hither they go to be among them, and will forsake me, and break my covenant which I have made with them. <span class="ver">17</span>Then my anger shall be kindled against them in that day, and I will forsake them, and I will hide my face from them, and they shall be devoured, and many evils and troubles shall befall them; so that they will say in that day, Are not these evils come upon us, because our God is not among us? <span class="ver">18</span>And I will surely hide my face in that day for all the evils which M
they shall have wrought, in that they are turned unto other gods. <span class="ver">19</span>Now therefore write ye this song for you, and teach it the children of Israel: put it in their mouths, that this song may be a witness for me against the children of Israel. <span class="ver">20</span>For when I shall have brought them into the land which I sware unto their fathers, that floweth with milk and honey; and they shall have eaten and filled themselves, and waxen fat; then will they turn unto other gods, and servM
e them, and provoke me, and break my covenant. <span class="ver">21</span>And it shall come to pass, when many evils and troubles are befallen them, that this song shall testify against them as a witness; for it shall not be forgotten out of the mouths of their seed: for I know their imagination which they go about, even now, before I have brought them into the land which I sware. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Moses therefore wrote this song the same day, and taught it the children of Israel. <span class="veM
r">23</span>And he gave Joshua the son of Nun a charge, and said, Be strong and of a good courage: for thou shalt bring the children of Israel into the land which I sware unto them: and I will be with thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And it came to pass, when Moses had made an end of writing the words of this law in a book, until they were finished, <span class="ver">25</span>That Moses commanded the Levites, which bare the ark of the covenant of the LORD, saying, <span class="ver">26</span>Take this bookM
of the law, and put it in the side of the ark of the covenant of the LORD your God, that it may be there for a witness against thee. <span class="ver">27</span>For I know thy rebellion, and thy stiff neck: behold, while I am yet alive with you this day, ye have been rebellious against the LORD; and how much more after my death? </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>Gather unto me all the elders of your tribes, and your officers, that I may speak these words in their ears, and call heaven and earth to record againstM
them. <span class="ver">29</span>For I know that after my death ye will utterly corrupt yourselves, and turn aside from the way which I have commanded you; and evil will befall you in the latter days; because ye will do evil in the sight of the LORD, to provoke him to anger through the work of your hands. <span class="ver">30</span>And Moses spake in the ears of all the congregation of Israel the words of this song, until they were ended.
<h2 id="c32">Chapter 32</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Give ear, O M
ye heavens, and I will speak; and hear, O earth, the words of my mouth. <span class="ver">2</span>My doctrine shall drop as the rain, my speech shall distil as the dew, as the small rain upon the tender herb, and as the showers upon the grass: <span class="ver">3</span>Because I will publish the name of the LORD: ascribe ye greatness unto our God. <span class="ver">4</span>He is the Rock, his work is perfect: for all his ways are judgment: a God of truth and without iniquity, just and right is he. <span class="ver"M
>5</span>They have corrupted themselves, their spot is not the spot of his children: they are a perverse and crooked generation. <span class="ver">6</span>Do ye thus requite the LORD, O foolish people and unwise? is not he thy father that hath bought thee? hath he not made thee, and established thee? </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Remember the days of old, consider the years of many generations: ask thy father, and he will shew thee; thy elders, and they will tell thee. <span class="ver">8</span>When the most M
High divided to the nations their inheritance, when he separated the sons of Adam, he set the bounds of the people according to the number of the children of Israel. <span class="ver">9</span>For the LORD
s portion is his people; Jacob is the lot of his inheritance. <span class="ver">10</span>He found him in a desert land, and in the waste howling wilderness; he led him about, he instructed him, he kept him as the apple of his eye. <span class="ver">11</span>As an eagle stirreth up her nest, fluttereth over her yM
oung, spreadeth abroad her wings, taketh them, beareth them on her wings: <span class="ver">12</span>So the LORD alone did lead him, and there was no strange god with him. <span class="ver">13</span>He made him ride on the high places of the earth, that he might eat the increase of the fields; and he made him to suck honey out of the rock, and oil out of the flinty rock; <span class="ver">14</span>Butter of kine, and milk of sheep, with fat of lambs, and rams of the breed of Bashan, and goats, with the fat of kidneM
ys of wheat; and thou didst drink the pure blood of the grape. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>But Jeshurun waxed fat, and kicked: thou art waxen fat, thou art grown thick, thou art covered with fatness; then he forsook God which made him, and lightly esteemed the Rock of his salvation. <span class="ver">16</span>They provoked him to jealousy with strange gods, with abominations provoked they him to anger. <span class="ver">17</span>They sacrificed unto devils, not to God; to gods whom they knew not, to new goM
ds that came newly up, whom your fathers feared not. <span class="ver">18</span>Of the Rock that begat thee thou art unmindful, and hast forgotten God that formed thee. <span class="ver">19</span>And when the LORD saw it, he abhorred them, because of the provoking of his sons, and of his daughters. <span class="ver">20</span>And he said, I will hide my face from them, I will see what their end shall be: for they are a very froward generation, children in whom is no faith. <span class="ver">21</span>They have moved M
me to jealousy with that which is not God; they have provoked me to anger with their vanities: and I will move them to jealousy with those which are not a people; I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation. <span class="ver">22</span>For a fire is kindled in mine anger, and shall burn unto the lowest hell, and shall consume the earth with her increase, and set on fire the foundations of the mountains. <span class="ver">23</span>I will heap mischiefs upon them; I will spend mine arrows upon them. <span classM
="ver">24</span>They shall be burnt with hunger, and devoured with burning heat, and with bitter destruction: I will also send the teeth of beasts upon them, with the poison of serpents of the dust. <span class="ver">25</span>The sword without, and terror within, shall destroy both the young man and the virgin, the suckling also with the man of gray hairs. <span class="ver">26</span>I said, I would scatter them into corners, I would make the remembrance of them to cease from among men: <span class="ver">27</span>WeM
re it not that I feared the wrath of the enemy, lest their adversaries should behave themselves strangely, and lest they should say, Our hand is high, and the LORD hath not done all this. <span class="ver">28</span>For they are a nation void of counsel, neither is there any understanding in them. <span class="ver">29</span>O that they were wise, that they understood this, that they would consider their latter end! <span class="ver">30</span>How should one chase a thousand, and two put ten thousand to flight, exceptM
their Rock had sold them, and the LORD had shut them up? <span class="ver">31</span>For their rock is not as our Rock, even our enemies themselves being judges. <span class="ver">32</span>For their vine is of the vine of Sodom, and of the fields of Gomorrah: their grapes are grapes of gall, their clusters are bitter: <span class="ver">33</span>Their wine is the poison of dragons, and the cruel venom of asps. <span class="ver">34</span>Is not this laid up in store with me, and sealed up among my treasures? <span clM
ass="ver">35</span>To me belongeth vengeance, and recompence; their foot shall slide in due time: for the day of their calamity is at hand, and the things that shall come upon them make haste. <span class="ver">36</span>For the LORD shall judge his people, and repent himself for his servants, when he seeth that their power is gone, and there is none shut up, or left. <span class="ver">37</span>And he shall say, Where are their gods, their rock in whom they trusted, <span class="ver">38</span>Which did eat the fat oM
f their sacrifices, and drank the wine of their drink offerings? let them rise up and help you, and be your protection. <span class="ver">39</span>See now that I, even I, am he, and there is no god with me: I kill, and I make alive; I wound, and I heal: neither is there any that can deliver out of my hand. <span class="ver">40</span>For I lift up my hand to heaven, and say, I live for ever. <span class="ver">41</span>If I whet my glittering sword, and mine hand take hold on judgment; I will render vengeance to mineM
enemies, and will reward them that hate me. <span class="ver">42</span>I will make mine arrows drunk with blood, and my sword shall devour flesh; and that with the blood of the slain and of the captives, from the beginning of revenges upon the enemy. <span class="ver">43</span>Rejoice, O ye nations, with his people: for he will avenge the blood of his servants, and will render vengeance to his adversaries, and will be merciful unto his land, and to his people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">44</span>And Moses came anM
d spake all the words of this song in the ears of the people, he, and Hoshea the son of Nun. <span class="ver">45</span>And Moses made an end of speaking all these words to all Israel: <span class="ver">46</span>And he said unto them, Set your hearts unto all the words which I testify among you this day, which ye shall command your children to observe to do, all the words of this law. <span class="ver">47</span>For it is not a vain thing for you; because it is your life: and through this thing ye shall prolong yourM
days in the land, whither ye go over Jordan to possess it. <span class="ver">48</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses that selfsame day, saying, <span class="ver">49</span>Get thee up into this mountain Abarim, unto mount Nebo, which is in the land of Moab, that is over against Jericho; and behold the land of Canaan, which I give unto the children of Israel for a possession: <span class="ver">50</span>And die in the mount whither thou goest up, and be gathered unto thy people; as Aaron thy brother died in mount Hor,M
and was gathered unto his people: <span class="ver">51</span>Because ye trespassed against me among the children of Israel at the waters of Meribah-Kadesh, in the wilderness of Zin; because ye sanctified me not in the midst of the children of Israel. <span class="ver">52</span>Yet thou shalt see the land before thee; but thou shalt not go thither unto the land which I give the children of Israel.
<h2 id="c33">Chapter 33</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And this is the blessing, wherewith Moses the man of GoM
d blessed the children of Israel before his death. <span class="ver">2</span>And he said, The LORD came from Sinai, and rose up from Seir unto them; he shined forth from mount Paran, and he came with ten thousands of saints: from his right hand went a fiery law for them. <span class="ver">3</span>Yea, he loved the people; all his saints are in thy hand: and they sat down at thy feet; every one shall receive of thy words. <span class="ver">4</span>Moses commanded us a law, even the inheritance of the congregation ofM
Jacob. <span class="ver">5</span>And he was king in Jeshurun, when the heads of the people and the tribes of Israel were gathered together. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Let Reuben live, and not die; and let not his men be few. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And this is the blessing of Judah: and he said, Hear, LORD, the voice of Judah, and bring him unto his people: let his hands be sufficient for him; and be thou an help to him from his enemies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And of Levi he said,M
Let thy Thummim and thy Urim be with thy holy one, whom thou didst prove at Massah, and with whom thou didst strive at the waters of Meribah; <span class="ver">9</span>Who said unto his father and to his mother, I have not seen him; neither did he acknowledge his brethren, nor knew his own children: for they have observed thy word, and kept thy covenant. <span class="ver">10</span>They shall teach Jacob thy judgments, and Israel thy law: they shall put incense before thee, and whole burnt sacrifice upon thine altaM
r. <span class="ver">11</span>Bless, LORD, his substance, and accept the work of his hands: smite through the loins of them that rise against him, and of them that hate him, that they rise not again. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And of Benjamin he said, The beloved of the LORD shall dwell in safety by him; and the Lord shall cover him all the day long, and he shall dwell between his shoulders. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And of Joseph he said, Blessed of the LORD be his land, for the precious thingM
s of heaven, for the dew, and for the deep that coucheth beneath, <span class="ver">14</span>And for the precious fruits brought forth by the sun, and for the precious things put forth by the moon, <span class="ver">15</span>And for the chief things of the ancient mountains, and for the precious things of the lasting hills, <span class="ver">16</span>And for the precious things of the earth and fulness thereof, and for the good will of him that dwelt in the bush: let the blessing come upon the head of Joseph, and uM
pon the top of the head of him that was separated from his brethren. <span class="ver">17</span>His glory is like the firstling of his bullock, and his horns are like the horns of unicorns: with them he shall push the people together to the ends of the earth: and they are the ten thousands of Ephraim, and they are the thousands of Manasseh. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And of Zebulun he said, Rejoice, Zebulun, in thy going out; and, Issachar, in thy tents. <span class="ver">19</span>They shall call the peopM
le unto the mountain; there they shall offer sacrifices of righteousness: for they shall suck of the abundance of the seas, and of treasures hid in the sand. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And of Gad he said, Blessed be he that enlargeth Gad: he dwelleth as a lion, and teareth the arm with the crown of the head. <span class="ver">21</span>And he provided the first part for himself, because there, in a portion of the lawgiver, was he seated; and he came with the heads of the people, he executed the justice of M
the LORD, and his judgments with Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And of Dan he said, Dan is a lion
s whelp: he shall leap from Bashan. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And of Naphtali he said, O Naphtali, satisfied with favour, and full with the blessing of the LORD: possess thou the west and the south. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And of Asher he said, Let Asher be blessed with children; let him be acceptable to his brethren, and let him dip his foot in oil. <span class="ver">25</span>ThM
y shoes shall be iron and brass; and as thy days, so shall thy strength be. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>There is none like unto the God of Jeshurun, who rideth upon the heaven in thy help, and in his excellency on the sky. <span class="ver">27</span>The eternal God is thy refuge, and underneath are the everlasting arms: and he shall thrust out the enemy from before thee; and shall say, Destroy them. <span class="ver">28</span>Israel then shall dwell in safety alone: the fountain of Jacob shall be upon a laM
nd of corn and wine; also his heavens shall drop down dew. <span class="ver">29</span>Happy art thou, O Israel: who is like unto thee, O people saved by the LORD, the shield of thy help, and who is the sword of thy excellency! and thine enemies shall be found liars unto thee; and thou shalt tread upon their high places.
<h2 id="c34">Chapter 34</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Moses went up from the plains of Moab unto the mountain of Nebo, to the top of Pisgah, that is over against Jericho. And the LORD M
shewed him all the land of Gilead, unto Dan, <span class="ver">2</span>And all Naphtali, and the land of Ephraim, and Manasseh, and all the land of Judah, unto the utmost sea, <span class="ver">3</span>And the south, and the plain of the valley of Jericho, the city of palm trees, unto Zoar. <span class="ver">4</span>And the LORD said unto him, This is the land which I sware unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, saying, I will give it unto thy seed: I have caused thee to see it with thine eyes, but thou shalt noM
t go over thither. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>So Moses the servant of the LORD died there in the land of Moab, according to the word of the LORD. <span class="ver">6</span>And he buried him in a valley in the land of Moab, over against Beth-peor: but no man knoweth of his sepulchre unto this day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And Moses was an hundred and twenty years old when he died: his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And the children of Israel wepM
t for Moses in the plains of Moab thirty days: so the days of weeping and mourning for Moses were ended. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And Joshua the son of Nun was full of the spirit of wisdom; for Moses had laid his hands upon him: and the children of Israel hearkened unto him, and did as the LORD commanded Moses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And there arose not a prophet since in Israel like unto Moses, whom the LORD knew face to face, <span class="ver">11</span>In all the signs and the wonders, whMp
ich the LORD sent him to do in the land of Egypt to Pharaoh, and to all his servants, and to all his land, <span class="ver">12</span>And in all that mighty hand, and in all the great terror which Moses shewed in the sight of all Israel. </p>
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FIRST BOOK OF SAMUEL
<span>otherwise called, The First Book of the Kings</span>
div class="content-table">
<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="#c10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="#c11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="#c12">12</a></li>
<li><a href="#c13">13</a></li>
href="#c14">14</a></li>
<li><a href="#c15">15</a></li>
<li><a href="#c16">16</a></li>
<li><a href="#c17">17</a></li>
<li><a href="#c18">18</a></li>
<li><a href="#c19">19</a></li>
<li><a href="#c20">20</a></li>
<li><a href="#c21">21</a></li>
<li><a href="#c22">22</a></li>
<li><a href="#c23">23</a></li>
<li><a href="#c24">24</a></li>
<li><a href="#c25">25</a></li>
<li><a href="#c26">26</a></li>
<li><a href="#c27">27</a></li>
<li><a href="#c28">28</M
<li><a href="#c29">29</a></li>
<li><a href="#c30">30</a></li>
<li><a href="#c31">31</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now there was a certain man of Ramathaim-zophim, of mount Ephraim, and his name was Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephrathite: <span class="ver">2</span>And he had two wives; the name of the one was Hannah, and the name of the other Peninnah: and Peninnah had children,M
but Hannah had no children. <span class="ver">3</span>And this man went up out of his city yearly to worship and to sacrifice unto the LORD of hosts in Shiloh. And the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, the priests of the LORD, were there. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And when the time was that Elkanah offered, he gave to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions: <span class="ver">5</span>But unto Hannah he gave a worthy portion; for he loved Hannah: but the LORD had shut up herM
womb. <span class="ver">6</span>And her adversary also provoked her sore, for to make her fret, because the LORD had shut up her womb. <span class="ver">7</span>And as he did so year by year, when she went up to the house of the LORD, so she provoked her; therefore she wept, and did not eat. <span class="ver">8</span>Then said Elkanah her husband to her, Hannah, why weepest thou? and why eatest thou not? and why is thy heart grieved? am not I better to thee than ten sons? </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>So HanM
nah rose up after they had eaten in Shiloh, and after they had drunk. Now Eli the priest sat upon a seat by a post of the temple of the LORD. <span class="ver">10</span>And she was in bitterness of soul, and prayed unto the LORD, and wept sore. <span class="ver">11</span>And she vowed a vow, and said, O LORD of hosts, if thou wilt indeed look on the affliction of thine handmaid, and remember me, and not forget thine handmaid, but wilt give unto thine handmaid a man child, then I will give him unto the LORD all the M
days of his life, and there shall no razor come upon his head. <span class="ver">12</span>And it came to pass, as she continued praying before the LORD, that Eli marked her mouth. <span class="ver">13</span>Now Hannah, she spake in her heart; only her lips moved, but her voice was not heard: therefore Eli thought she had been drunken. <span class="ver">14</span>And Eli said unto her, How long wilt thou be drunken? put away thy wine from thee. <span class="ver">15</span>And Hannah answered and said, No, my lord, I aM
m a woman of a sorrowful spirit: I have drunk neither wine nor strong drink, but have poured out my soul before the LORD. <span class="ver">16</span>Count not thine handmaid for a daughter of Belial: for out of the abundance of my complaint and grief have I spoken hitherto. <span class="ver">17</span>Then Eli answered and said, Go in peace: and the God of Israel grant thee thy petition that thou hast asked of him. <span class="ver">18</span>And she said, Let thine handmaid find grace in thy sight. So the woman wentM
her way, and did eat, and her countenance was no more sad. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And they rose up in the morning early, and worshipped before the LORD, and returned, and came to their house to Ramah: and Elkanah knew Hannah his wife; and the LORD remembered her. <span class="ver">20</span>Wherefore it came to pass, when the time was come about after Hannah had conceived, that she bare a son, and called his name Samuel, saying, Because I have asked him of the LORD. <span class="ver">21</span>And the M
man Elkanah, and all his house, went up to offer unto the LORD the yearly sacrifice, and his vow. <span class="ver">22</span>But Hannah went not up; for she said unto her husband, I will not go up until the child be weaned, and then I will bring him, that he may appear before the LORD, and there abide for ever. <span class="ver">23</span>And Elkanah her husband said unto her, Do what seemeth thee good; tarry until thou have weaned him; only the LORD establish his word. So the woman abode, and gave her son suck untiM
l she weaned him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And when she had weaned him, she took him up with her, with three bullocks, and one ephah of flour, and a bottle of wine, and brought him unto the house of the LORD in Shiloh: and the child was young. <span class="ver">25</span>And they slew a bullock, and brought the child to Eli. <span class="ver">26</span>And she said, Oh my lord, as thy soul liveth, my lord, I am the woman that stood by thee here, praying unto the LORD. <span class="ver">27</span>For this cM
hild I prayed; and the LORD hath given me my petition which I asked of him: <span class="ver">28</span>Therefore also I have lent him to the LORD; as long as he liveth he shall be lent to the LORD. And he worshipped the LORD there.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Hannah prayed, and said, My heart rejoiceth in the LORD, mine horn is exalted in the LORD: my mouth is enlarged over mine enemies; because I rejoice in thy salvation. <span class="ver">2</span>There is none holy as the LORM
D: for there is none beside thee: neither is there any rock like our God. <span class="ver">3</span>Talk no more so exceeding proudly; let not arrogancy come out of your mouth: for the LORD is a God of knowledge, and by him actions are weighed. <span class="ver">4</span>The bows of the mighty men are broken, and they that stumbled are girded with strength. <span class="ver">5</span>They that were full have hired out themselves for bread; and they that were hungry ceased: so that the barren hath born seven; and she M
that hath many children is waxed feeble. <span class="ver">6</span>The LORD killeth, and maketh alive: he bringeth down to the grave, and bringeth up. <span class="ver">7</span>The LORD maketh poor, and maketh rich: he bringeth low, and lifteth up. <span class="ver">8</span>He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, and lifteth up the beggar from the dunghill, to set them among princes, and to make them inherit the throne of glory: for the pillars of the earth are the LORD
s, and he hath set the world upon them. <spM
an class="ver">9</span>He will keep the feet of his saints, and the wicked shall be silent in darkness; for by strength shall no man prevail. <span class="ver">10</span>The adversaries of the LORD shall be broken to pieces; out of heaven shall he thunder upon them: the LORD shall judge the ends of the earth; and he shall give strength unto his king, and exalt the horn of his anointed. <span class="ver">11</span>And Elkanah went to Ramah to his house. And the child did minister unto the LORD before Eli the priest. <M
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Now the sons of Eli were sons of Belial; they knew not the LORD. <span class="ver">13</span>And the priests
custom with the people was, that, when any man offered sacrifice, the priest
s servant came, while the flesh was in seething, with a fleshhook of three teeth in his hand; <span class="ver">14</span>And he struck it into the pan, or kettle, or caldron, or pot; all that the fleshhook brought up the priest took for himself. So they did in Shiloh unto all the Israelites thM
at came thither. <span class="ver">15</span>Also before they burnt the fat, the priest
s servant came, and said to the man that sacrificed, Give flesh to roast for the priest; for he will not have sodden flesh of thee, but raw. <span class="ver">16</span>And if any man said unto him, Let them not fail to burn the fat presently, and then take as much as thy soul desireth; then he would answer him, Nay; but thou shalt give it me now: and if not, I will take it by force. <span class="ver">17</span>Wherefore the sin M
of the young men was very great before the LORD: for men abhorred the offering of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>But Samuel ministered before the LORD, being a child, girded with a linen ephod. <span class="ver">19</span>Moreover his mother made him a little coat, and brought it to him from year to year, when she came up with her husband to offer the yearly sacrifice. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And Eli blessed Elkanah and his wife, and said, The LORD give thee seed of this woman for the loM
an which is lent to the LORD. And they went unto their own home. <span class="ver">21</span>And the LORD visited Hannah, so that she conceived, and bare three sons and two daughters. And the child Samuel grew before the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Now Eli was very old, and heard all that his sons did unto all Israel; and how they lay with the women that assembled at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. <span class="ver">23</span>And he said unto them, Why do ye such things? for I hear of yM
our evil dealings by all this people. <span class="ver">24</span>Nay, my sons; for it is no good report that I hear: ye make the LORD
s people to transgress. <span class="ver">25</span>If one man sin against another, the judge shall judge him: but if a man sin against the LORD, who shall intreat for him? Notwithstanding they hearkened not unto the voice of their father, because the LORD would slay them. <span class="ver">26</span>And the child Samuel grew on, and was in favour both with the LORD, and also with meM
<p><span class="ver">27</span>And there came a man of God unto Eli, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Did I plainly appear unto the house of thy father, when they were in Egypt in Pharaoh
s house? <span class="ver">28</span>And did I choose him out of all the tribes of Israel to be my priest, to offer upon mine altar, to burn incense, to wear an ephod before me? and did I give unto the house of thy father all the offerings made by fire of the children of Israel? <span class="ver">29</span>WhereforM
e kick ye at my sacrifice and at mine offering, which I have commanded in my habitation; and honourest thy sons above me, to make yourselves fat with the chiefest of all the offerings of Israel my people? <span class="ver">30</span>Wherefore the LORD God of Israel saith, I said indeed that thy house, and the house of thy father, should walk before me for ever: but now the LORD saith, Be it far from me; for them that honour me I will honour, and they that despise me shall be lightly esteemed. <span class="ver">31</sM
pan>Behold, the days come, that I will cut off thine arm, and the arm of thy father
s house, that there shall not be an old man in thine house. <span class="ver">32</span>And thou shalt see an enemy in my habitation, in all the wealth which God shall give Israel: and there shall not be an old man in thine house for ever. <span class="ver">33</span>And the man of thine, whom I shall not cut off from mine altar, shall be to consume thine eyes, and to grieve thine heart: and all the increase of thine house shall dieM
in the flower of their age. <span class="ver">34</span>And this shall be a sign unto thee, that shall come upon thy two sons, on Hophni and Phinehas; in one day they shall die both of them. <span class="ver">35</span>And I will raise me up a faithful priest, that shall do according to that which is in mine heart and in my mind: and I will build him a sure house; and he shall walk before mine anointed for ever. <span class="ver">36</span>And it shall come to pass, that every one that is left in thine house shall coM
me and crouch to him for a piece of silver and a morsel of bread, and shall say, Put me, I pray thee, into one of the priests
offices, that I may eat a piece of bread.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the child Samuel ministered unto the LORD before Eli. And the word of the LORD was precious in those days; there was no open vision. <span class="ver">2</span>And it came to pass at that time, when Eli was laid down in his place, and his eyes began to wax dim, that he could not see;M
<span class="ver">3</span>And ere the lamp of God went out in the temple of the LORD, where the ark of God was, and Samuel was laid down to sleep; <span class="ver">4</span>That the LORD called Samuel: and he answered, Here am I. <span class="ver">5</span>And he ran unto Eli, and said, Here am I; for thou calledst me. And he said, I called not; lie down again. And he went and lay down. <span class="ver">6</span>And the LORD called yet again, Samuel. And Samuel arose and went to Eli, and said, Here am I; for thou dM
idst call me. And he answered, I called not, my son; lie down again. <span class="ver">7</span>Now Samuel did not yet know the LORD, neither was the word of the LORD yet revealed unto him. <span class="ver">8</span>And the LORD called Samuel again the third time. And he arose and went to Eli, and said, Here am I; for thou didst call me. And Eli perceived that the LORD had called the child. <span class="ver">9</span>Therefore Eli said unto Samuel, Go, lie down: and it shall be, if he call thee, that thou shalt say, M
Speak, LORD; for thy servant heareth. So Samuel went and lay down in his place. <span class="ver">10</span>And the LORD came, and stood, and called as at other times, Samuel, Samuel. Then Samuel answered, Speak; for thy servant heareth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And the LORD said to Samuel, Behold, I will do a thing in Israel, at which both the ears of every one that heareth it shall tingle. <span class="ver">12</span>In that day I will perform against Eli all things which I have spoken concerning his hoM
use: when I begin, I will also make an end. <span class="ver">13</span>For I have told him that I will judge his house for ever for the iniquity which he knoweth; because his sons made themselves vile, and he restrained them not. <span class="ver">14</span>And therefore I have sworn unto the house of Eli, that the iniquity of Eli
s house shall not be purged with sacrifice nor offering for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And Samuel lay until the morning, and opened the doors of the house of the LORD. AnM
d Samuel feared to shew Eli the vision. <span class="ver">16</span>Then Eli called Samuel, and said, Samuel, my son. And he answered, Here am I. <span class="ver">17</span>And he said, What is the thing that the Lord hath said unto thee? I pray thee hide it not from me: God do so to thee, and more also, if thou hide any thing from me of all the things that he said unto thee. <span class="ver">18</span>And Samuel told him every whit, and hid nothing from him. And he said, It is the LORD: let him do what seemeth him M
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And Samuel grew, and the LORD was with him, and did let none of his words fall to the ground. <span class="ver">20</span>And all Israel from Dan even to Beer-sheba knew that Samuel was established to be a prophet of the LORD. <span class="ver">21</span>And the LORD appeared again in Shiloh: for the LORD revealed himself to Samuel in Shiloh by the word of the LORD.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the word of Samuel came to all Israel. Now IM
srael went out against the Philistines to battle, and pitched beside Eben-ezer: and the Philistines pitched in Aphek. <span class="ver">2</span>And the Philistines put themselves in array against Israel: and when they joined battle, Israel was smitten before the Philistines: and they slew of the army in the field about four thousand men. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And when the people were come into the camp, the elders of Israel said, Wherefore hath the LORD smitten us to day before the Philistines? Let usM
fetch the ark of the covenant of the LORD out of Shiloh unto us, that, when it cometh among us, it may save us out of the hand of our enemies. <span class="ver">4</span>So the people sent to Shiloh, that they might bring from thence the ark of the covenant of the LORD of hosts, which dwelleth between the cherubims: and the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, were there with the ark of the covenant of God. <span class="ver">5</span>And when the ark of the covenant of the LORD came into the camp, all Israel shouteM
d with a great shout, so that the earth rang again. <span class="ver">6</span>And when the Philistines heard the noise of the shout, they said, What meaneth the noise of this great shout in the camp of the Hebrews? And they understood that the ark of the LORD was come into the camp. <span class="ver">7</span>And the Philistines were afraid, for they said, God is come into the camp. And they said, Woe unto us! for there hath not been such a thing heretofore. <span class="ver">8</span>Woe unto us! who shall deliver uM
s out of the hand of these mighty Gods? these are the Gods that smote the Egyptians with all the plagues in the wilderness. <span class="ver">9</span>Be strong, and quit yourselves like men, O ye Philistines, that ye be not servants unto the Hebrews, as they have been to you: quit yourselves like men, and fight. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And the Philistines fought, and Israel was smitten, and they fled every man into his tent: and there was a very great slaughter; for there fell of Israel thirty thousandM
footmen. <span class="ver">11</span>And the ark of God was taken; and the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, were slain. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And there ran a man of Benjamin out of the army, and came to Shiloh the same day with his clothes rent, and with earth upon his head. <span class="ver">13</span>And when he came, lo, Eli sat upon a seat by the wayside watching: for his heart trembled for the ark of God. And when the man came into the city, and told it, all the city cried out. <span class="M
ver">14</span>And when Eli heard the noise of the crying, he said, What meaneth the noise of this tumult? And the man came in hastily, and told Eli. <span class="ver">15</span>Now Eli was ninety and eight years old; and his eyes were dim, that he could not see. <span class="ver">16</span>And the man said unto Eli, I am he that came out of the army, and I fled to day out of the army. And he said, What is there done, my son? <span class="ver">17</span>And the messenger answered and said, Israel is fled before the PhiM
listines, and there hath been also a great slaughter among the people, and thy two sons also, Hophni and Phinehas, are dead, and the ark of God is taken. <span class="ver">18</span>And it came to pass, when he made mention of the ark of God, that he fell from off the seat backward by the side of the gate, and his neck brake, and he died: for he was an old man, and heavy. And he had judged Israel forty years. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And his daughter in law, Phinehas
wife, was with child, near to be dM
elivered: and when she heard the tidings that the ark of God was taken, and that her father in law and her husband were dead, she bowed herself and travailed; for her pains came upon her. <span class="ver">20</span>And about the time of her death the women that stood by her said unto her, Fear not; for thou hast born a son. But she answered not, neither did she regard it. <span class="ver">21</span>And she named the child I-chabod, saying, The glory is departed from Israel: because the ark of God was taken, and becM
ause of her father in law and her husband. <span class="ver">22</span>And she said, The glory is departed from Israel: for the ark of God is taken.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the Philistines took the ark of God, and brought it from Eben-ezer unto Ashdod. <span class="ver">2</span>When the Philistines took the ark of God, they brought it into the house of Dagon, and set it by Dagon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And when they of Ashdod arose early on the morrow, behold, DM
agon was fallen upon his face to the earth before the ark of the LORD. And they took Dagon, and set him in his place again. <span class="ver">4</span>And when they arose early on the morrow morning, behold, Dagon was fallen upon his face to the ground before the ark of the LORD; and the head of Dagon and both the palms of his hands were cut off upon the threshold; only the stump of Dagon was left to him. <span class="ver">5</span>Therefore neither the priests of Dagon, nor any that come into Dagon
on the threshold of Dagon in Ashdod unto this day. <span class="ver">6</span>But the hand of the LORD was heavy upon them of Ashdod, and he destroyed them, and smote them with emerods, even Ashdod and the coasts thereof. <span class="ver">7</span>And when the men of Ashdod saw that it was so, they said, The ark of the God of Israel shall not abide with us: for his hand is sore upon us, and upon Dagon our god. <span class="ver">8</span>They sent therefore and gathered all the lords of the Philistines unto them, and M
said, What shall we do with the ark of the God of Israel? And they answered, Let the ark of the God of Israel be carried about unto Gath. And they carried the ark of the God of Israel about thither. <span class="ver">9</span>And it was so, that, after they had carried it about, the hand of the LORD was against the city with a very great destruction: and he smote the men of the city, both small and great, and they had emerods in their secret parts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Therefore they sent the ark of M
God to Ekron. And it came to pass, as the ark of God came to Ekron, that the Ekronites cried out, saying, They have brought about the ark of the God of Israel to us, to slay us and our people. <span class="ver">11</span>So they sent and gathered together all the lords of the Philistines, and said, Send away the ark of the God of Israel, and let it go again to his own place, that it slay us not, and our people: for there was a deadly destruction throughout all the city; the hand of God was very heavy there. <span clM
ass="ver">12</span>And the men that died not were smitten with the emerods: and the cry of the city went up to heaven.
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the ark of the LORD was in the country of the Philistines seven months. <span class="ver">2</span>And the Philistines called for the priests and the diviners, saying, What shall we do to the ark of the LORD? tell us wherewith we shall send it to his place. <span class="ver">3</span>And they said, If ye send away the ark of the God ofM
Israel, send it not empty; but in any wise return him a trespass offering: then ye shall be healed, and it shall be known to you why his hand is not removed from you. <span class="ver">4</span>Then said they, What shall be the trespass offering which we shall return to him? They answered, Five golden emerods, and five golden mice, according to the number of the lords of the Philistines: for one plague was on you all, and on your lords. <span class="ver">5</span>Wherefore ye shall make images of your emerods, and iM
mages of your mice that mar the land; and ye shall give glory unto the God of Israel: peradventure he will lighten his hand from off you, and from off your gods, and from off your land. <span class="ver">6</span>Wherefore then do ye harden your hearts, as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts? when he had wrought wonderfully among them, did they not let the people go, and they departed? <span class="ver">7</span>Now therefore make a new cart, and take two milch kine, on which there hath come no yoke, and M
tie the kine to the cart, and bring their calves home from them: <span class="ver">8</span>And take the ark of the LORD, and lay it upon the cart; and put the jewels of gold, which ye return him for a trespass offering, in a coffer by the side thereof; and send it away, that it may go. <span class="ver">9</span>And see, if it goeth up by the way of his own coast to Beth-shemesh, then he hath done us this great evil: but if not, then we shall know that it is not his hand that smote us; it was a chance that happened M
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And the men did so; and took two milch kine, and tied them to the cart, and shut up their calves at home: <span class="ver">11</span>And they laid the ark of the LORD upon the cart, and the coffer with the mice of gold and the images of their emerods. <span class="ver">12</span>And the kine took the straight way to the way of Beth-shemesh, and went along the highway, lowing as they went, and turned not aside to the right hand or to the left; and the lords of the PhilistinM
es went after them unto the border of Beth-shemesh. <span class="ver">13</span>And they of Beth-shemesh were reaping their wheat harvest in the valley: and they lifted up their eyes, and saw the ark, and rejoiced to see it. <span class="ver">14</span>And the cart came into the field of Joshua, a Beth-shemite, and stood there, where there was a great stone: and they clave the wood of the cart, and offered the kine a burnt offering unto the LORD. <span class="ver">15</span>And the Levites took down the ark of the LORM
D, and the coffer that was with it, wherein the jewels of gold were, and put them on the great stone: and the men of Beth-shemesh offered burnt offerings and sacrificed sacrifices the same day unto the LORD. <span class="ver">16</span>And when the five lords of the Philistines had seen it, they returned to Ekron the same day. <span class="ver">17</span>And these are the golden emerods which the Philistines returned for a trespass offering unto the LORD; for Ashdod one, for Gaza one, for Askelon one, for Gath one, fM
or Ekron one; <span class="ver">18</span>And the golden mice, according to the number of all the cities of the Philistines belonging to the five lords, both of fenced cities, and of country villages, even unto the great stone of Abel, whereon they set down the ark of the LORD: which stone remaineth unto this day in the field of Joshua, the Beth-shemite. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And he smote the men of Beth-shemesh, because they had looked into the ark of the LORD, even he smote of the people fifty thousM
and and threescore and ten men: and the people lamented, because the LORD had smitten many of the people with a great slaughter. <span class="ver">20</span>And the men of Beth-shemesh said, Who is able to stand before this holy LORD God? and to whom shall he go up from us? </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And they sent messengers to the inhabitants of Kirjath-jearim, saying, The Philistines have brought again the ark of the LORD; come ye down, and fetch it up to you.
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</h2>
ass="ver">1</span>And the men of Kirjath-jearim came, and fetched up the ark of the LORD, and brought it into the house of Abinadab in the hill, and sanctified Eleazar his son to keep the ark of the LORD. <span class="ver">2</span>And it came to pass, while the ark abode in Kirjath-jearim, that the time was long; for it was twenty years: and all the house of Israel lamented after the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And Samuel spake unto all the house of Israel, saying, If ye do return unto the LORD with aM
ll your hearts, then put away the strange gods and Ashtaroth from among you, and prepare your hearts unto the LORD, and serve him only: and he will deliver you out of the hand of the Philistines. <span class="ver">4</span>Then the children of Israel did put away Baalim and Ashtaroth, and served the LORD only. <span class="ver">5</span>And Samuel said, Gather all Israel to Mizpeh, and I will pray for you unto the LORD. <span class="ver">6</span>And they gathered together to Mizpeh, and drew water, and poured it out M
before the LORD, and fasted on that day, and said there, We have sinned against the LORD. And Samuel judged the children of Israel in Mizpeh. <span class="ver">7</span>And when the Philistines heard that the children of Israel were gathered together to Mizpeh, the lords of the Philistines went up against Israel. And when the children of Israel heard it, they were afraid of the Philistines. <span class="ver">8</span>And the children of Israel said to Samuel, Cease not to cry unto the LORD our God for us, that he wilM
l save us out of the hand of the Philistines. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And Samuel took a sucking lamb, and offered it for a burnt offering wholly unto the LORD: and Samuel cried unto the LORD for Israel; and the LORD heard him. <span class="ver">10</span>And as Samuel was offering up the burnt offering, the Philistines drew near to battle against Israel: but the LORD thundered with a great thunder on that day upon the Philistines, and discomfited them; and they were smitten before Israel. <span class="veM
r">11</span>And the men of Israel went out of Mizpeh, and pursued the Philistines, and smote them, until they came under Beth-car. <span class="ver">12</span>Then Samuel took a stone, and set it between Mizpeh and Shen, and called the name of it Eben-ezer, saying, Hitherto hath the LORD helped us. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>So the Philistines were subdued, and they came no more into the coast of Israel: and the hand of the LORD was against the Philistines all the days of Samuel. <span class="ver">14</spanM
>And the cities which the Philistines had taken from Israel were restored to Israel, from Ekron even unto Gath; and the coasts thereof did Israel deliver out of the hands of the Philistines. And there was peace between Israel and the Amorites. <span class="ver">15</span>And Samuel judged Israel all the days of his life. <span class="ver">16</span>And he went from year to year in circuit to Beth-el, and Gilgal, and Mizpeh, and judged Israel in all those places. <span class="ver">17</span>And his return was to Ramah;M
for there was his house; and there he judged Israel; and there he built an altar unto the LORD.
<h2 id="c8">Chapter 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass, when Samuel was old, that he made his sons judges over Israel. <span class="ver">2</span>Now the name of his firstborn was Joel; and the name of his second, Abiah: they were judges in Beer-sheba. <span class="ver">3</span>And his sons walked not in his ways, but turned aside after lucre, and took bribes, and perverted judgment. <span clasM
s="ver">4</span>Then all the elders of Israel gathered themselves together, and came to Samuel unto Ramah, <span class="ver">5</span>And said unto him, Behold, thou art old, and thy sons walk not in thy ways: now make us a king to judge us like all the nations. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>But the thing displeased Samuel, when they said, Give us a king to judge us. And Samuel prayed unto the LORD. <span class="ver">7</span>And the LORD said unto Samuel, Hearken unto the voice of the people in all that they sM
ay unto thee: for they have not rejected thee, but they have rejected me, that I should not reign over them. <span class="ver">8</span>According to all the works which they have done since the day that I brought them up out of Egypt even unto this day, wherewith they have forsaken me, and served other gods, so do they also unto thee. <span class="ver">9</span>Now therefore hearken unto their voice: howbeit yet protest solemnly unto them, and shew them the manner of the king that shall reign over them. </p>
an class="ver">10</span>And Samuel told all the words of the LORD unto the people that asked of him a king. <span class="ver">11</span>And he said, This will be the manner of the king that shall reign over you: He will take your sons, and appoint them for himself, for his chariots, and to be his horsemen; and some shall run before his chariots. <span class="ver">12</span>And he will appoint him captains over thousands, and captains over fifties; and will set them to ear his ground, and to reap his harvest, and to mM
ake his instruments of war, and instruments of his chariots. <span class="ver">13</span>And he will take your daughters to be confectionaries, and to be cooks, and to be bakers. <span class="ver">14</span>And he will take your fields, and your vineyards, and your oliveyards, even the best of them, and give them to his servants. <span class="ver">15</span>And he will take the tenth of your seed, and of your vineyards, and give to his officers, and to his servants. <span class="ver">16</span>And he will take your menM
servants, and your maidservants, and your goodliest young men, and your asses, and put them to his work. <span class="ver">17</span>He will take the tenth of your sheep: and ye shall be his servants. <span class="ver">18</span>And ye shall cry out in that day because of your king which ye shall have chosen you; and the LORD will not hear you in that day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Nevertheless the people refused to obey the voice of Samuel; and they said, Nay; but we will have a king over us; <span class=M
"ver">20</span>That we also may be like all the nations; and that our king may judge us, and go out before us, and fight our battles. <span class="ver">21</span>And Samuel heard all the words of the people, and he rehearsed them in the ears of the LORD. <span class="ver">22</span>And the LORD said to Samuel, Hearken unto their voice, and make them a king. And Samuel said unto the men of Israel, Go ye every man unto his city.
<h2 id="c9">Chapter 9</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now there was a man of BenjamM
in, whose name was Kish, the son of Abiel, the son of Zeror, the son of Bechorath, the son of Aphiah, a Benjamite, a mighty man of power. <span class="ver">2</span>And he had a son, whose name was Saul, a choice young man, and a goodly: and there was not among the children of Israel a goodlier person than he: from his shoulders and upward he was higher than any of the people. <span class="ver">3</span>And the asses of Kish Saul
s father were lost. And Kish said to Saul his son, Take now one of the servants with tM
hee, and arise, go seek the asses. <span class="ver">4</span>And he passed through mount Ephraim, and passed through the land of Shalisha, but they found them not: then they passed through the land of Shalim, and there they were not: and he passed through the land of the Benjamites, but they found them not. <span class="ver">5</span>And when they were come to the land of Zuph, Saul said to his servant that was with him, Come, and let us return; lest my father leave caring for the asses, and take thought for us. <spM
an class="ver">6</span>And he said unto him, Behold now, there is in this city a man of God, and he is an honourable man; all that he saith cometh surely to pass: now let us go thither; peradventure he can shew us our way that we should go. <span class="ver">7</span>Then said Saul to his servant, But, behold, if we go, what shall we bring the man? for the bread is spent in our vessels, and there is not a present to bring to the man of God: what have we? <span class="ver">8</span>And the servant answered Saul again,M
and said, Behold, I have here at hand the fourth part of a shekel of silver: that will I give to the man of God, to tell us our way. <span class="ver">9</span>(Beforetime in Israel, when a man went to enquire of God, thus he spake, Come, and let us go to the seer: for he that is now called a Prophet was beforetime called a Seer.) <span class="ver">10</span>Then said Saul to his servant, Well said; come, let us go. So they went unto the city where the man of God was. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And as theyM
went up the hill to the city, they found young maidens going out to draw water, and said unto them, Is the seer here? <span class="ver">12</span>And they answered them, and said, He is; behold, he is before you: make haste now, for he came to day to the city; for there is a sacrifice of the people to day in the high place: <span class="ver">13</span>As soon as ye be come into the city, ye shall straightway find him, before he go up to the high place to eat: for the people will not eat until he come, because he dotM
h bless the sacrifice; and afterwards they eat that be bidden. Now therefore get you up; for about this time ye shall find him. <span class="ver">14</span>And they went up into the city: and when they were come into the city, behold, Samuel came out against them, for to go up to the high place. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Now the LORD had told Samuel in his ear a day before Saul came, saying, <span class="ver">16</span>To morrow about this time I will send thee a man out of the land of Benjamin, and thou sM
halt anoint him to be captain over my people Israel, that he may save my people out of the hand of the Philistines: for I have looked upon my people, because their cry is come unto me. <span class="ver">17</span>And when Samuel saw Saul, the LORD said unto him, Behold the man whom I spake to thee of! this same shall reign over my people. <span class="ver">18</span>Then Saul drew near to Samuel in the gate, and said, Tell me, I pray thee, where the seer
s house is. <span class="ver">19</span>And Samuel answered SaM
ul, and said, I am the seer: go up before me unto the high place; for ye shall eat with me to day, and to morrow I will let thee go, and will tell thee all that is in thine heart. <span class="ver">20</span>And as for thine asses that were lost three days ago, set not thy mind on them; for they are found. And on whom is all the desire of Israel? Is it not on thee, and on all thy father
s house? <span class="ver">21</span>And Saul answered and said, Am not I a Benjamite, of the smallest of the tribes of Israel? anM
d my family the least of all the families of the tribe of Benjamin? wherefore then speakest thou so to me? <span class="ver">22</span>And Samuel took Saul and his servant, and brought them into the parlour, and made them sit in the chiefest place among them that were bidden, which were about thirty persons. <span class="ver">23</span>And Samuel said unto the cook, Bring the portion which I gave thee, of which I said unto thee, Set it by thee. <span class="ver">24</span>And the cook took up the shoulder, and that whM
ich was upon it, and set it before Saul. And Samuel said, Behold that which is left! set it before thee, and eat: for unto this time hath it been kept for thee since I said, I have invited the people. So Saul did eat with Samuel that day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And when they were come down from the high place into the city, Samuel communed with Saul upon the top of the house. <span class="ver">26</span>And they arose early: and it came to pass about the spring of the day, that Samuel called Saul to thM
e top of the house, saying, Up, that I may send thee away. And Saul arose, and they went out both of them, he and Samuel, abroad. <span class="ver">27</span>And as they were going down to the end of the city, Samuel said to Saul, Bid the servant pass on before us, (and he passed on,) but stand thou still a while, that I may shew thee the word of God.
<h2 id="c10">Chapter 10</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then Samuel took a vial of oil, and poured it upon his head, and kissed him, and said, Is it not becausM
e the LORD hath anointed thee to be captain over his inheritance? <span class="ver">2</span>When thou art departed from me to day, then thou shalt find two men by Rachel
s sepulchre in the border of Benjamin at Zelzah; and they will say unto thee, The asses which thou wentest to seek are found: and, lo, thy father hath left the care of the asses, and sorroweth for you, saying, What shall I do for my son? <span class="ver">3</span>Then shalt thou go on forward from thence, and thou shalt come to the plain of TaborM
, and there shall meet thee three men going up to God to Beth-el, one carrying three kids, and another carrying three loaves of bread, and another carrying a bottle of wine: <span class="ver">4</span>And they will salute thee, and give thee two loaves of bread; which thou shalt receive of their hands. <span class="ver">5</span>After that thou shalt come to the hill of God, where is the garrison of the Philistines: and it shall come to pass, when thou art come thither to the city, that thou shalt meet a company of pM
rophets coming down from the high place with a psaltery, and a tabret, and a pipe, and a harp, before them; and they shall prophesy: <span class="ver">6</span>And the Spirit of the LORD will come upon thee, and thou shalt prophesy with them, and shalt be turned into another man. <span class="ver">7</span>And let it be, when these signs are come unto thee, that thou do as occasion serve thee; for God is with thee. <span class="ver">8</span>And thou shalt go down before me to Gilgal; and, behold, I will come down untM
o thee, to offer burnt offerings, and to sacrifice sacrifices of peace offerings: seven days shalt thou tarry, till I come to thee, and shew thee what thou shalt do. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And it was so, that when he had turned his back to go from Samuel, God gave him another heart: and all those signs came to pass that day. <span class="ver">10</span>And when they came thither to the hill, behold, a company of prophets met him; and the Spirit of God came upon him, and he prophesied among them. <span cM
lass="ver">11</span>And it came to pass, when all that knew him beforetime saw that, behold, he prophesied among the prophets, then the people said one to another, What is this that is come unto the son of Kish? Is Saul also among the prophets? <span class="ver">12</span>And one of the same place answered and said, But who is their father? Therefore it became a proverb, Is Saul also among the prophets? <span class="ver">13</span>And when he had made an end of prophesying, he came to the high place. </p>
class="ver">14</span>And Saul
s uncle said unto him and to his servant, Whither went ye? And he said, To seek the asses: and when we saw that they were no where, we came to Samuel. <span class="ver">15</span>And Saul
s uncle said, Tell me, I pray thee, what Samuel said unto you. <span class="ver">16</span>And Saul said unto his uncle, He told us plainly that the asses were found. But of the matter of the kingdom, whereof Samuel spake, he told him not. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And Samuel called the pM
eople together unto the LORD to Mizpeh; <span class="ver">18</span>And said unto the children of Israel, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, I brought up Israel out of Egypt, and delivered you out of the hand of the Egyptians, and out of the hand of all kingdoms, and of them that oppressed you: <span class="ver">19</span>And ye have this day rejected your God, who himself saved you out of all your adversities and your tribulations; and ye have said unto him, Nay, but set a king over us. Now therefore present yourselM
ves before the LORD by your tribes, and by your thousands. <span class="ver">20</span>And when Samuel had caused all the tribes of Israel to come near, the tribe of Benjamin was taken. <span class="ver">21</span>When he had caused the tribe of Benjamin to come near by their families, the family of Matri was taken, and Saul the son of Kish was taken: and when they sought him, he could not be found. <span class="ver">22</span>Therefore they enquired of the LORD further, if the man should yet come thither. And the LORM
D answered, Behold, he hath hid himself among the stuff. <span class="ver">23</span>And they ran and fetched him thence: and when he stood among the people, he was higher than any of the people from his shoulders and upward. <span class="ver">24</span>And Samuel said to all the people, See ye him whom the LORD hath chosen, that there is none like him among all the people? And all the people shouted, and said, God save the king. <span class="ver">25</span>Then Samuel told the people the manner of the kingdom, and wrM
ote it in a book, and laid it up before the LORD. And Samuel sent all the people away, every man to his house. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>And Saul also went home to Gibeah; and there went with him a band of men, whose hearts God had touched. <span class="ver">27</span>But the children of Belial said, How shall this man save us? And they despised him, and brought him no presents. But he held his peace.
<h2 id="c11">Chapter 11</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then Nahash the Ammonite came up, and encM
amped against Jabesh-gilead: and all the men of Jabesh said unto Nahash, Make a covenant with us, and we will serve thee. <span class="ver">2</span>And Nahash the Ammonite answered them, On this condition will I make a covenant with you, that I may thrust out all your right eyes, and lay it for a reproach upon all Israel. <span class="ver">3</span>And the elders of Jabesh said unto him, Give us seven days
respite, that we may send messengers unto all the coasts of Israel: and then, if there be no man to save us,M
we will come out to thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Then came the messengers to Gibeah of Saul, and told the tidings in the ears of the people: and all the people lifted up their voices, and wept. <span class="ver">5</span>And, behold, Saul came after the herd out of the field; and Saul said, What aileth the people that they weep? And they told him the tidings of the men of Jabesh. <span class="ver">6</span>And the Spirit of God came upon Saul when he heard those tidings, and his anger was kindled greatlM
y. <span class="ver">7</span>And he took a yoke of oxen, and hewed them in pieces, and sent them throughout all the coasts of Israel by the hands of messengers, saying, Whosoever cometh not forth after Saul and after Samuel, so shall it be done unto his oxen. And the fear of the LORD fell on the people, and they came out with one consent. <span class="ver">8</span>And when he numbered them in Bezek, the children of Israel were three hundred thousand, and the men of Judah thirty thousand. <span class="ver">9</span>AM
nd they said unto the messengers that came, Thus shall ye say unto the men of Jabesh-gilead, To morrow, by that time the sun be hot, ye shall have help. And the messengers came and shewed it to the men of Jabesh; and they were glad. <span class="ver">10</span>Therefore the men of Jabesh said, To morrow we will come out unto you, and ye shall do with us all that seemeth good unto you. <span class="ver">11</span>And it was so on the morrow, that Saul put the people in three companies; and they came into the midst of M
the host in the morning watch, and slew the Ammonites until the heat of the day: and it came to pass, that they which remained were scattered, so that two of them were not left together. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And the people said unto Samuel, Who is he that said, Shall Saul reign over us? bring the men, that we may put them to death. <span class="ver">13</span>And Saul said, There shall not a man be put to death this day: for to day the LORD hath wrought salvation in Israel. <span class="ver">14</spanM
>Then said Samuel to the people, Come, and let us go to Gilgal, and renew the kingdom there. <span class="ver">15</span>And all the people went to Gilgal; and there they made Saul king before the LORD in Gilgal; and there they sacrificed sacrifices of peace offerings before the LORD; and there Saul and all the men of Israel rejoiced greatly.
<h2 id="c12">Chapter 12</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Samuel said unto all Israel, Behold, I have hearkened unto your voice in all that ye said unto me, and have M
made a king over you. <span class="ver">2</span>And now, behold, the king walketh before you: and I am old and grayheaded; and, behold, my sons are with you: and I have walked before you from my childhood unto this day. <span class="ver">3</span>Behold, here I am: witness against me before the LORD, and before his anointed: whose ox have I taken? or whose ass have I taken? or whom have I defrauded? whom have I oppressed? or of whose hand have I received any bribe to blind mine eyes therewith? and I will restore it M
you. <span class="ver">4</span>And they said, Thou hast not defrauded us, nor oppressed us, neither hast thou taken ought of any man
s hand. <span class="ver">5</span>And he said unto them, The LORD is witness against you, and his anointed is witness this day, that ye have not found ought in my hand. And they answered, He is witness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And Samuel said unto the people, It is the LORD that advanced Moses and Aaron, and that brought your fathers up out of the land of Egypt. <span clM
ass="ver">7</span>Now therefore stand still, that I may reason with you before the LORD of all the righteous acts of the LORD, which he did to you and to your fathers. <span class="ver">8</span>When Jacob was come into Egypt, and your fathers cried unto the LORD, then the LORD sent Moses and Aaron, which brought forth your fathers out of Egypt, and made them dwell in this place. <span class="ver">9</span>And when they forgat the LORD their God, he sold them into the hand of Sisera, captain of the host of Hazor, andM
into the hand of the Philistines, and into the hand of the king of Moab, and they fought against them. <span class="ver">10</span>And they cried unto the LORD, and said, We have sinned, because we have forsaken the LORD, and have served Baalim and Ashtaroth: but now deliver us out of the hand of our enemies, and we will serve thee. <span class="ver">11</span>And the LORD sent Jerubbaal, and Bedan, and Jephthah, and Samuel, and delivered you out of the hand of your enemies on every side, and ye dwelled safe. <span M
class="ver">12</span>And when ye saw that Nahash the king of the children of Ammon came against you, ye said unto me, Nay; but a king shall reign over us: when the LORD your God was your king. <span class="ver">13</span>Now therefore behold the king whom ye have chosen, and whom ye have desired! and, behold, the LORD hath set a king over you. <span class="ver">14</span>If ye will fear the LORD, and serve him, and obey his voice, and not rebel against the commandment of the LORD, then shall both ye and also the kingM
that reigneth over you continue following the LORD your God: <span class="ver">15</span>But if ye will not obey the voice of the LORD, but rebel against the commandment of the LORD, then shall the hand of the LORD be against you, as it was against your fathers. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Now therefore stand and see this great thing, which the LORD will do before your eyes. <span class="ver">17</span>Is it not wheat harvest to day? I will call unto the LORD, and he shall send thunder and rain; that ye mayM
perceive and see that your wickedness is great, which ye have done in the sight of the LORD, in asking you a king. <span class="ver">18</span>So Samuel called unto the LORD; and the LORD sent thunder and rain that day: and all the people greatly feared the LORD and Samuel. <span class="ver">19</span>And all the people said unto Samuel, Pray for thy servants unto the LORD thy God, that we die not: for we have added unto all our sins this evil, to ask us a king. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And Samuel said uM
nto the people, Fear not: ye have done all this wickedness: yet turn not aside from following the LORD, but serve the LORD with all your heart; <span class="ver">21</span>And turn ye not aside: for then should ye go after vain things, which cannot profit nor deliver; for they are vain. <span class="ver">22</span>For the LORD will not forsake his people for his great name
s sake: because it hath pleased the LORD to make you his people. <span class="ver">23</span>Moreover as for me, God forbid that I should sin agaM
inst the LORD in ceasing to pray for you: but I will teach you the good and the right way: <span class="ver">24</span>Only fear the LORD, and serve him in truth with all your heart: for consider how great things he hath done for you. <span class="ver">25</span>But if ye shall still do wickedly, ye shall be consumed, both ye and your king.
<h2 id="c13">Chapter 13</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Saul reigned one year; and when he had reigned two years over Israel, <span class="ver">2</span>Saul chose him threM
e thousand men of Israel; whereof two thousand were with Saul in Michmash and in mount Beth-el, and a thousand were with Jonathan in Gibeah of Benjamin: and the rest of the people he sent every man to his tent. <span class="ver">3</span>And Jonathan smote the garrison of the Philistines that was in Geba, and the Philistines heard of it. And Saul blew the trumpet throughout all the land, saying, Let the Hebrews hear. <span class="ver">4</span>And all Israel heard say that Saul had smitten a garrison of the PhilistinM
es, and that Israel also was had in abomination with the Philistines. And the people were called together after Saul to Gilgal. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And the Philistines gathered themselves together to fight with Israel, thirty thousand chariots, and six thousand horsemen, and people as the sand which is on the sea shore in multitude: and they came up, and pitched in Michmash, eastward from Beth-aven. <span class="ver">6</span>When the men of Israel saw that they were in a strait, (for the people wereM
distressed,) then the people did hide themselves in caves, and in thickets, and in rocks, and in high places, and in pits. <span class="ver">7</span>And some of the Hebrews went over Jordan to the land of Gad and Gilead. As for Saul, he was yet in Gilgal, and all the people followed him trembling. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And he tarried seven days, according to the set time that Samuel had appointed: but Samuel came not to Gilgal; and the people were scattered from him. <span class="ver">9</span>And SauM
l said, Bring hither a burnt offering to me, and peace offerings. And he offered the burnt offering. <span class="ver">10</span>And it came to pass, that as soon as he had made an end of offering the burnt offering, behold, Samuel came; and Saul went out to meet him, that he might salute him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And Samuel said, What hast thou done? And Saul said, Because I saw that the people were scattered from me, and that thou camest not within the days appointed, and that the Philistines gatheM
red themselves together at Michmash; <span class="ver">12</span>Therefore said I, The Philistines will come down now upon me to Gilgal, and I have not made supplication unto the LORD: I forced myself therefore, and offered a burnt offering. <span class="ver">13</span>And Samuel said to Saul, Thou hast done foolishly: thou hast not kept the commandment of the LORD thy God, which he commanded thee: for now would the LORD have established thy kingdom upon Israel for ever. <span class="ver">14</span>But now thy kingdomM
shall not continue: the LORD hath sought him a man after his own heart, and the LORD hath commanded him to be captain over his people, because thou hast not kept that which the LORD commanded thee. <span class="ver">15</span>And Samuel arose, and gat him up from Gilgal unto Gibeah of Benjamin. And Saul numbered the people that were present with him, about six hundred men. <span class="ver">16</span>And Saul, and Jonathan his son, and the people that were present with them, abode in Gibeah of Benjamin: but the PhilM
istines encamped in Michmash. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And the spoilers came out of the camp of the Philistines in three companies: one company turned unto the way that leadeth to Ophrah, unto the land of Shual: <span class="ver">18</span>And another company turned the way to Beth-horon: and another company turned to the way of the border that looketh to the valley of Zeboim toward the wilderness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Now there was no smith found throughout all the land of Israel: for thM
e Philistines said, Lest the Hebrews make them swords or spears: <span class="ver">20</span>But all the Israelites went down to the Philistines, to sharpen every man his share, and his coulter, and his axe, and his mattock. <span class="ver">21</span>Yet they had a file for the mattocks, and for the coulters, and for the forks, and for the axes, and to sharpen the goads. <span class="ver">22</span>So it came to pass in the day of battle, that there was neither sword nor spear found in the hand of any of the people M
that were with Saul and Jonathan: but with Saul and with Jonathan his son was there found. <span class="ver">23</span>And the garrison of the Philistines went out to the passage of Michmash.
<h2 id="c14">Chapter 14</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now it came to pass upon a day, that Jonathan the son of Saul said unto the young man that bare his armour, Come, and let us go over to the Philistines
garrison, that is on the other side. But he told not his father. <span class="ver">2</span>And Saul tarried inM
the uttermost part of Gibeah under a pomegranate tree which is in Migron: and the people that were with him were about six hundred men; <span class="ver">3</span>And Ahiah, the son of Ahitub, I-chabod
s brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the LORD
s priest in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. And the people knew not that Jonathan was gone. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And between the passages, by which Jonathan sought to go over unto the Philistines
garrison, there was a sharp rock on the one side,M
and a sharp rock on the other side: and the name of the one was Bozez, and the name of the other Seneh. <span class="ver">5</span>The forefront of the one was situate northward over against Michmash, and the other southward over against Gibeah. <span class="ver">6</span>And Jonathan said to the young man that bare his armour, Come, and let us go over unto the garrison of these uncircumcised: it may be that the LORD will work for us: for there is no restraint to the LORD to save by many or by few. <span class="ver"M
>7</span>And his armourbearer said unto him, Do all that is in thine heart: turn thee; behold, I am with thee according to thy heart. <span class="ver">8</span>Then said Jonathan, Behold, we will pass over unto these men, and we will discover ourselves unto them. <span class="ver">9</span>If they say thus unto us, Tarry until we come to you; then we will stand still in our place, and will not go up unto them. <span class="ver">10</span>But if they say thus, Come up unto us; then we will go up: for the LORD hath delM
ivered them into our hand: and this shall be a sign unto us. <span class="ver">11</span>And both of them discovered themselves unto the garrison of the Philistines: and the Philistines said, Behold, the Hebrews come forth out of the holes where they had hid themselves. <span class="ver">12</span>And the men of the garrison answered Jonathan and his armourbearer, and said, Come up to us, and we will shew you a thing. And Jonathan said unto his armourbearer, Come up after me: for the LORD hath delivered them into theM
hand of Israel. <span class="ver">13</span>And Jonathan climbed up upon his hands and upon his feet, and his armourbearer after him: and they fell before Jonathan; and his armourbearer slew after him. <span class="ver">14</span>And that first slaughter, which Jonathan and his armourbearer made, was about twenty men, within as it were an half acre of land, which a yoke of oxen might plow. <span class="ver">15</span>And there was trembling in the host, in the field, and among all the people: the garrison, and the spM
oilers, they also trembled, and the earth quaked: so it was a very great trembling. <span class="ver">16</span>And the watchmen of Saul in Gibeah of Benjamin looked; and, behold, the multitude melted away, and they went on beating down one another. <span class="ver">17</span>Then said Saul unto the people that were with him, Number now, and see who is gone from us. And when they had numbered, behold, Jonathan and his armourbearer were not there. <span class="ver">18</span>And Saul said unto Ahiah, Bring hither the M
ark of God. For the ark of God was at that time with the children of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And it came to pass, while Saul talked unto the priest, that the noise that was in the host of the Philistines went on and increased: and Saul said unto the priest, Withdraw thine hand. <span class="ver">20</span>And Saul and all the people that were with him assembled themselves, and they came to the battle: and, behold, every man
s sword was against his fellow, and there was a very great discomfiturM
e. <span class="ver">21</span>Moreover the Hebrews that were with the Philistines before that time, which went up with them into the camp from the country round about, even they also turned to be with the Israelites that were with Saul and Jonathan. <span class="ver">22</span>Likewise all the men of Israel which had hid themselves in mount Ephraim, when they heard that the Philistines fled, even they also followed hard after them in the battle. <span class="ver">23</span>So the LORD saved Israel that day: and the bM
attle passed over unto Beth-aven. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And the men of Israel were distressed that day: for Saul had adjured the people, saying, Cursed be the man that eateth any food until evening, that I may be avenged on mine enemies. So none of the people tasted any food. <span class="ver">25</span>And all they of the land came to a wood; and there was honey upon the ground. <span class="ver">26</span>And when the people were come into the wood, behold, the honey dropped; but no man put his hand M
to his mouth: for the people feared the oath. <span class="ver">27</span>But Jonathan heard not when his father charged the people with the oath: wherefore he put forth the end of the rod that was in his hand, and dipped it in an honeycomb, and put his hand to his mouth; and his eyes were enlightened. <span class="ver">28</span>Then answered one of the people, and said, Thy father straitly charged the people with an oath, saying, Cursed be the man that eateth any food this day. And the people were faint. <span clasM
s="ver">29</span>Then said Jonathan, My father hath troubled the land: see, I pray you, how mine eyes have been enlightened, because I tasted a little of this honey. <span class="ver">30</span>How much more, if haply the people had eaten freely to day of the spoil of their enemies which they found? for had there not been now a much greater slaughter among the Philistines? <span class="ver">31</span>And they smote the Philistines that day from Michmash to Aijalon: and the people were very faint. <span class="ver">32M
</span>And the people flew upon the spoil, and took sheep, and oxen, and calves, and slew them on the ground: and the people did eat them with the blood. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>Then they told Saul, saying, Behold, the people sin against the LORD, in that they eat with the blood. And he said, Ye have transgressed: roll a great stone unto me this day. <span class="ver">34</span>And Saul said, Disperse yourselves among the people, and say unto them, Bring me hither every man his ox, and every man his sheM
ep, and slay them here, and eat; and sin not against the LORD in eating with the blood. And all the people brought every man his ox with him that night, and slew them there. <span class="ver">35</span>And Saul built an altar unto the LORD: the same was the first altar that he built unto the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">36</span>And Saul said, Let us go down after the Philistines by night, and spoil them until the morning light, and let us not leave a man of them. And they said, Do whatsoever seemeth good unto M
thee. Then said the priest, Let us draw near hither unto God. <span class="ver">37</span>And Saul asked counsel of God, Shall I go down after the Philistines? wilt thou deliver them into the hand of Israel? But he answered him not that day. <span class="ver">38</span>And Saul said, Draw ye near hither, all the chief of the people: and know and see wherein this sin hath been this day. <span class="ver">39</span>For, as the LORD liveth, which saveth Israel, though it be in Jonathan my son, he shall surely die. But thM
ere was not a man among all the people that answered him. <span class="ver">40</span>Then said he unto all Israel, Be ye on one side, and I and Jonathan my son will be on the other side. And the people said unto Saul, Do what seemeth good unto thee. <span class="ver">41</span>Therefore Saul said unto the LORD God of Israel, Give a perfect lot. And Saul and Jonathan were taken: but the people escaped. <span class="ver">42</span>And Saul said, Cast lots between me and Jonathan my son. And Jonathan was taken. <span clM
ass="ver">43</span>Then Saul said to Jonathan, Tell me what thou hast done. And Jonathan told him, and said, I did but taste a little honey with the end of the rod that was in mine hand, and, lo, I must die. <span class="ver">44</span>And Saul answered, God do so and more also: for thou shalt surely die, Jonathan. <span class="ver">45</span>And the people said unto Saul, Shall Jonathan die, who hath wrought this great salvation in Israel? God forbid: as the LORD liveth, there shall not one hair of his head fall to M
the ground; for he hath wrought with God this day. So the people rescued Jonathan, that he died not. <span class="ver">46</span>Then Saul went up from following the Philistines: and the Philistines went to their own place. </p>
<p><span class="ver">47</span>So Saul took the kingdom over Israel, and fought against all his enemies on every side, against Moab, and against the children of Ammon, and against Edom, and against the kings of Zobah, and against the Philistines: and whithersoever he turned himself, he vexeM
d them. <span class="ver">48</span>And he gathered an host, and smote the Amalekites, and delivered Israel out of the hands of them that spoiled them. <span class="ver">49</span>Now the sons of Saul were Jonathan, and Ishui, and Melchi-shua: and the names of his two daughters were these; the name of the firstborn Merab, and the name of the younger Michal: <span class="ver">50</span>And the name of Saul
s wife was Ahinoam, the daughter of Ahimaaz: and the name of the captain of his host was Abner, the son of Ner, M
s uncle. <span class="ver">51</span>And Kish was the father of Saul; and Ner the father of Abner was the son of Abiel. <span class="ver">52</span>And there was sore war against the Philistines all the days of Saul: and when Saul saw any strong man, or any valiant man, he took him unto him.
<h2 id="c15">Chapter 15</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Samuel also said unto Saul, The LORD sent me to anoint thee to be king over his people, over Israel: now therefore hearken thou unto the voice of the words ofM
the LORD. <span class="ver">2</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts, I remember that which Amalek did to Israel, how he laid wait for him in the way, when he came up from Egypt. <span class="ver">3</span>Now go and smite Amalek, and utterly destroy all that they have, and spare them not; but slay both man and woman, infant and suckling, ox and sheep, camel and ass. <span class="ver">4</span>And Saul gathered the people together, and numbered them in Telaim, two hundred thousand footmen, and ten thousand men of Judah.M
<span class="ver">5</span>And Saul came to a city of Amalek, and laid wait in the valley. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And Saul said unto the Kenites, Go, depart, get you down from among the Amalekites, lest I destroy you with them: for ye shewed kindness to all the children of Israel, when they came up out of Egypt. So the Kenites departed from among the Amalekites. <span class="ver">7</span>And Saul smote the Amalekites from Havilah until thou comest to Shur, that is over against Egypt. <span class="ver">M
8</span>And he took Agag the king of the Amalekites alive, and utterly destroyed all the people with the edge of the sword. <span class="ver">9</span>But Saul and the people spared Agag, and the best of the sheep, and of the oxen, and of the fatlings, and the lambs, and all that was good, and would not utterly destroy them: but every thing that was vile and refuse, that they destroyed utterly. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Then came the word of the LORD unto Samuel, saying, <span class="ver">11</span>It repeM
nteth me that I have set up Saul to be king: for he is turned back from following me, and hath not performed my commandments. And it grieved Samuel; and he cried unto the LORD all night. <span class="ver">12</span>And when Samuel rose early to meet Saul in the morning, it was told Samuel, saying, Saul came to Carmel, and, behold, he set him up a place, and is gone about, and passed on, and gone down to Gilgal. <span class="ver">13</span>And Samuel came to Saul: and Saul said unto him, Blessed be thou of the LORD: IM
have performed the commandment of the LORD. <span class="ver">14</span>And Samuel said, What meaneth then this bleating of the sheep in mine ears, and the lowing of the oxen which I hear? <span class="ver">15</span>And Saul said, They have brought them from the Amalekites: for the people spared the best of the sheep and of the oxen, to sacrifice unto the LORD thy God; and the rest we have utterly destroyed. <span class="ver">16</span>Then Samuel said unto Saul, Stay, and I will tell thee what the LORD hath said toM
me this night. And he said unto him, Say on. <span class="ver">17</span>And Samuel said, When thou wast little in thine own sight, wast thou not made the head of the tribes of Israel, and the LORD anointed thee king over Israel? <span class="ver">18</span>And the LORD sent thee on a journey, and said, Go and utterly destroy the sinners the Amalekites, and fight against them until they be consumed. <span class="ver">19</span>Wherefore then didst thou not obey the voice of the LORD, but didst fly upon the spoil, andM
didst evil in the sight of the LORD? <span class="ver">20</span>And Saul said unto Samuel, Yea, I have obeyed the voice of the LORD, and have gone the way which the LORD sent me, and have brought Agag the king of Amalek, and have utterly destroyed the Amalekites. <span class="ver">21</span>But the people took of the spoil, sheep and oxen, the chief of the things which should have been utterly destroyed, to sacrifice unto the LORD thy God in Gilgal. <span class="ver">22</span>And Samuel said, Hath the LORD as greatM
delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as in obeying the voice of the LORD? Behold, to obey is better than sacrifice, and to hearken than the fat of rams. <span class="ver">23</span>For rebellion is as the sin of witchcraft, and stubbornness is as iniquity and idolatry. Because thou hast rejected the word of the LORD, he hath also rejected thee from being king. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And Saul said unto Samuel, I have sinned: for I have transgressed the commandment of the LORD, and thy words: becaM
use I feared the people, and obeyed their voice. <span class="ver">25</span>Now therefore, I pray thee, pardon my sin, and turn again with me, that I may worship the LORD. <span class="ver">26</span>And Samuel said unto Saul, I will not return with thee: for thou hast rejected the word of the LORD, and the LORD hath rejected thee from being king over Israel. <span class="ver">27</span>And as Samuel turned about to go away, he laid hold upon the skirt of his mantle, and it rent. <span class="ver">28</span>And SamuelM
said unto him, The LORD hath rent the kingdom of Israel from thee this day, and hath given it to a neighbour of thine, that is better than thou. <span class="ver">29</span>And also the Strength of Israel will not lie nor repent: for he is not a man, that he should repent. <span class="ver">30</span>Then he said, I have sinned: yet honour me now, I pray thee, before the elders of my people, and before Israel, and turn again with me, that I may worship the LORD thy God. <span class="ver">31</span>So Samuel turned agM
ain after Saul; and Saul worshipped the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>Then said Samuel, Bring ye hither to me Agag the king of the Amalekites. And Agag came unto him delicately. And Agag said, Surely the bitterness of death is past. <span class="ver">33</span>And Samuel said, As thy sword hath made women childless, so shall thy mother be childless among women. And Samuel hewed Agag in pieces before the LORD in Gilgal. </p>
<p><span class="ver">34</span>Then Samuel went to Ramah; and Saul went up to hM
is house to Gibeah of Saul. <span class="ver">35</span>And Samuel came no more to see Saul until the day of his death: nevertheless Samuel mourned for Saul: and the LORD repented that he had made Saul king over Israel.
<h2 id="c16">Chapter 16</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD said unto Samuel, How long wilt thou mourn for Saul, seeing I have rejected him from reigning over Israel? fill thine horn with oil, and go, I will send thee to Jesse the Beth-lehemite: for I have provided me a king among hiM
s sons. <span class="ver">2</span>And Samuel said, How can I go? if Saul hear it, he will kill me. And the LORD said, Take an heifer with thee, and say, I am come to sacrifice to the LORD. <span class="ver">3</span>And call Jesse to the sacrifice, and I will shew thee what thou shalt do: and thou shalt anoint unto me him whom I name unto thee. <span class="ver">4</span>And Samuel did that which the LORD spake, and came to Beth-lehem. And the elders of the town trembled at his coming, and said, Comest thou peaceablyM
? <span class="ver">5</span>And he said, Peaceably: I am come to sacrifice unto the LORD: sanctify yourselves, and come with me to the sacrifice. And he sanctified Jesse and his sons, and called them to the sacrifice. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And it came to pass, when they were come, that he looked on Eliab, and said, Surely the LORD
s anointed is before him. <span class="ver">7</span>But the LORD said unto Samuel, Look not on his countenance, or on the height of his stature; because I have refused himM
: for the Lord seeth not as man seeth; for man looketh on the outward appearance, but the LORD looketh on the heart. <span class="ver">8</span>Then Jesse called Abinadab, and made him pass before Samuel. And he said, Neither hath the LORD chosen this. <span class="ver">9</span>Then Jesse made Shammah to pass by. And he said, Neither hath the LORD chosen this. <span class="ver">10</span>Again, Jesse made seven of his sons to pass before Samuel. And Samuel said unto Jesse, The LORD hath not chosen these. <span class=M
"ver">11</span>And Samuel said unto Jesse, Are here all thy children? And he said, There remaineth yet the youngest, and, behold, he keepeth the sheep. And Samuel said unto Jesse, Send and fetch him: for we will not sit down till he come hither. <span class="ver">12</span>And he sent, and brought him in. Now he was ruddy, and withal of a beautiful countenance, and goodly to look to. And the LORD said, Arise, anoint him: for this is he. <span class="ver">13</span>Then Samuel took the horn of oil, and anointed him inM
the midst of his brethren: and the Spirit of the LORD came upon David from that day forward. So Samuel rose up, and went to Ramah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>But the Spirit of the LORD departed from Saul, and an evil spirit from the LORD troubled him. <span class="ver">15</span>And Saul
s servants said unto him, Behold now, an evil spirit from God troubleth thee. <span class="ver">16</span>Let our lord now command thy servants, which are before thee, to seek out a man, who is a cunning player on an harM
p: and it shall come to pass, when the evil spirit from God is upon thee, that he shall play with his hand, and thou shalt be well. <span class="ver">17</span>And Saul said unto his servants, Provide me now a man that can play well, and bring him to me. <span class="ver">18</span>Then answered one of the servants, and said, Behold, I have seen a son of Jesse the Beth-lehemite, that is cunning in playing, and a mighty valiant man, and a man of war, and prudent in matters, and a comely person, and the LORD is with hiM
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Wherefore Saul sent messengers unto Jesse, and said, Send me David thy son, which is with the sheep. <span class="ver">20</span>And Jesse took an ass laden with bread, and a bottle of wine, and a kid, and sent them by David his son unto Saul. <span class="ver">21</span>And David came to Saul, and stood before him: and he loved him greatly; and he became his armourbearer. <span class="ver">22</span>And Saul sent to Jesse, saying, Let David, I pray thee, stand before me; for heM
hath found favour in my sight. <span class="ver">23</span>And it came to pass, when the evil spirit from God was upon Saul, that David took an harp, and played with his hand: so Saul was refreshed, and was well, and the evil spirit departed from him.
<h2 id="c17">Chapter 17</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now the Philistines gathered together their armies to battle, and were gathered together at Shochoh, which belongeth to Judah, and pitched between Shochoh and Azekah, in Ephes-dammim. <span class="ver">2<M
/span>And Saul and the men of Israel were gathered together, and pitched by the valley of Elah, and set the battle in array against the Philistines. <span class="ver">3</span>And the Philistines stood on a mountain on the one side, and Israel stood on a mountain on the other side: and there was a valley between them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And there went out a champion out of the camp of the Philistines, named Goliath, of Gath, whose height was six cubits and a span. <span class="ver">5</span>And he haM
d an helmet of brass upon his head, and he was armed with a coat of mail; and the weight of the coat was five thousand shekels of brass. <span class="ver">6</span>And he had greaves of brass upon his legs, and a target of brass between his shoulders. <span class="ver">7</span>And the staff of his spear was like a weaver
s beam; and his spear
s head weighed six hundred shekels of iron: and one bearing a shield went before him. <span class="ver">8</span>And he stood and cried unto the armies of Israel, and said uM
nto them, Why are ye come out to set your battle in array? am not I a Philistine, and ye servants to Saul? choose you a man for you, and let him come down to me. <span class="ver">9</span>If he be able to fight with me, and to kill me, then will we be your servants: but if I prevail against him, and kill him, then shall ye be our servants, and serve us. <span class="ver">10</span>And the Philistine said, I defy the armies of Israel this day; give me a man, that we may fight together. <span class="ver">11</span>WhenM
Saul and all Israel heard those words of the Philistine, they were dismayed, and greatly afraid. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Now David was the son of that Ephrathite of Beth-lehem-judah, whose name was Jesse; and he had eight sons: and the man went among men for an old man in the days of Saul. <span class="ver">13</span>And the three eldest sons of Jesse went and followed Saul to the battle: and the names of his three sons that went to the battle were Eliab the firstborn, and next unto him Abinadab, and tM
he third Shammah. <span class="ver">14</span>And David was the youngest: and the three eldest followed Saul. <span class="ver">15</span>But David went and returned from Saul to feed his father
s sheep at Beth-lehem. <span class="ver">16</span>And the Philistine drew near morning and evening, and presented himself forty days. <span class="ver">17</span>And Jesse said unto David his son, Take now for thy brethren an ephah of this parched corn, and these ten loaves, and run to the camp to thy brethren; <span class="M
ver">18</span>And carry these ten cheeses unto the captain of their thousand, and look how thy brethren fare, and take their pledge. <span class="ver">19</span>Now Saul, and they, and all the men of Israel, were in the valley of Elah, fighting with the Philistines. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And David rose up early in the morning, and left the sheep with a keeper, and took, and went, as Jesse had commanded him; and he came to the trench, as the host was going forth to the fight, and shouted for the battleM
. <span class="ver">21</span>For Israel and the Philistines had put the battle in array, army against army. <span class="ver">22</span>And David left his carriage in the hand of the keeper of the carriage, and ran into the army, and came and saluted his brethren. <span class="ver">23</span>And as he talked with them, behold, there came up the champion, the Philistine of Gath, Goliath by name, out of the armies of the Philistines, and spake according to the same words: and David heard them. <span class="ver">24</spaM
n>And all the men of Israel, when they saw the man, fled from him, and were sore afraid. <span class="ver">25</span>And the men of Israel said, Have ye seen this man that is come up? surely to defy Israel is he come up: and it shall be, that the man who killeth him, the king will enrich him with great riches, and will give him his daughter, and make his father
s house free in Israel. <span class="ver">26</span>And David spake to the men that stood by him, saying, What shall be done to the man that killeth this PhM
ilistine, and taketh away the reproach from Israel? for who is this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should defy the armies of the living God? <span class="ver">27</span>And the people answered him after this manner, saying, So shall it be done to the man that killeth him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>And Eliab his eldest brother heard when he spake unto the men; and Eliab
s anger was kindled against David, and he said, Why camest thou down hither? and with whom hast thou left those few sheep in the wildM
erness? I know thy pride, and the naughtiness of thine heart; for thou art come down that thou mightest see the battle. <span class="ver">29</span>And David said, What have I now done? Is there not a cause? </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>And he turned from him toward another, and spake after the same manner: and the people answered him again after the former manner. <span class="ver">31</span>And when the words were heard which David spake, they rehearsed them before Saul: and he sent for him. </p>
class="ver">32</span>And David said to Saul, Let no man
s heart fail because of him; thy servant will go and fight with this Philistine. <span class="ver">33</span>And Saul said to David, Thou art not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him: for thou art but a youth, and he a man of war from his youth. <span class="ver">34</span>And David said unto Saul, Thy servant kept his father
s sheep, and there came a lion, and a bear, and took a lamb out of the flock: <span class="ver">35</span>And I went oM
ut after him, and smote him, and delivered it out of his mouth: and when he arose against me, I caught him by his beard, and smote him, and slew him. <span class="ver">36</span>Thy servant slew both the lion and the bear: and this uncircumcised Philistine shall be as one of them, seeing he hath defied the armies of the living God. <span class="ver">37</span>David said moreover, The LORD that delivered me out of the paw of the lion, and out of the paw of the bear, he will deliver me out of the hand of this PhilistinM
e. And Saul said unto David, Go, and the LORD be with thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">38</span>And Saul armed David with his armour, and he put an helmet of brass upon his head; also he armed him with a coat of mail. <span class="ver">39</span>And David girded his sword upon his armour, and he assayed to go; for he had not proved it. And David said unto Saul, I cannot go with these; for I have not proved them. And David put them off him. <span class="ver">40</span>And he took his staff in his hand, and chose him M
five smooth stones out of the brook, and put them in a shepherd
s bag which he had, even in a scrip; and his sling was in his hand: and he drew near to the Philistine. <span class="ver">41</span>And the Philistine came on and drew near unto David; and the man that bare the shield went before him. <span class="ver">42</span>And when the Philistine looked about, and saw David, he disdained him: for he was but a youth, and ruddy, and of a fair countenance. <span class="ver">43</span>And the Philistine said unto DaviM
d, Am I a dog, that thou comest to me with staves? And the Philistine cursed David by his gods. <span class="ver">44</span>And the Philistine said to David, Come to me, and I will give thy flesh unto the fowls of the air, and to the beasts of the field. <span class="ver">45</span>Then said David to the Philistine, Thou comest to me with a sword, and with a spear, and with a shield: but I come to thee in the name of the LORD of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom thou hast defied. <span class="ver">46</spanM
>This day will the LORD deliver thee into mine hand; and I will smite thee, and take thine head from thee; and I will give the carcases of the host of the Philistines this day unto the fowls of the air, and to the wild beasts of the earth; that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel. <span class="ver">47</span>And all this assembly shall know that the LORD saveth not with sword and spear: for the battle is the LORD
s, and he will give you into our hands. <span class="ver">48</span>And it came to pasM
s, when the Philistine arose, and came and drew nigh to meet David, that David hasted, and ran toward the army to meet the Philistine. <span class="ver">49</span>And David put his hand in his bag, and took thence a stone, and slang it, and smote the Philistine in his forehead, that the stone sunk into his forehead; and he fell upon his face to the earth. <span class="ver">50</span>So David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling and with a stone, and smote the Philistine, and slew him; but there was no sword in M
the hand of David. <span class="ver">51</span>Therefore David ran, and stood upon the Philistine, and took his sword, and drew it out of the sheath thereof, and slew him, and cut off his head therewith. And when the Philistines saw their champion was dead, they fled. <span class="ver">52</span>And the men of Israel and of Judah arose, and shouted, and pursued the Philistines, until thou come to the valley, and to the gates of Ekron. And the wounded of the Philistines fell down by the way to Shaaraim, even unto GathM
, and unto Ekron. <span class="ver">53</span>And the children of Israel returned from chasing after the Philistines, and they spoiled their tents. <span class="ver">54</span>And David took the head of the Philistine, and brought it to Jerusalem; but he put his armour in his tent. </p>
<p><span class="ver">55</span>And when Saul saw David go forth against the Philistine, he said unto Abner, the captain of the host, Abner, whose son is this youth? And Abner said, As thy soul liveth, O king, I cannot tell. <span claM
ss="ver">56</span>And the king said, Enquire thou whose son the stripling is. <span class="ver">57</span>And as David returned from the slaughter of the Philistine, Abner took him, and brought him before Saul with the head of the Philistine in his hand. <span class="ver">58</span>And Saul said to him, Whose son art thou, thou young man? And David answered, I am the son of thy servant Jesse the Beth-lehemite.
<h2 id="c18">Chapter 18</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass, when he had made an endM
of speaking unto Saul, that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul. <span class="ver">2</span>And Saul took him that day, and would let him go no more home to his father
s house. <span class="ver">3</span>Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul. <span class="ver">4</span>And Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was upon him, and gave it to David, and his garments, even to his sword, and to his bow, and to his girdleM
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And David went out whithersoever Saul sent him, and behaved himself wisely: and Saul set him over the men of war, and he was accepted in the sight of all the people, and also in the sight of Saul
s servants. <span class="ver">6</span>And it came to pass as they came, when David was returned from the slaughter of the Philistine, that the women came out of all cities of Israel, singing and dancing, to meet king Saul, with tabrets, with joy, and with instruments of musick. <spanM
class="ver">7</span>And the women answered one another as they played, and said, Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands. <span class="ver">8</span>And Saul was very wroth, and the saying displeased him; and he said, They have ascribed unto David ten thousands, and to me they have ascribed but thousands: and what can he have more but the kingdom? <span class="ver">9</span>And Saul eyed David from that day and forward. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And it came to pass on the morrow, that tM
he evil spirit from God came upon Saul, and he prophesied in the midst of the house: and David played with his hand, as at other times: and there was a javelin in Saul
s hand. <span class="ver">11</span>And Saul cast the javelin; for he said, I will smite David even to the wall with it. And David avoided out of his presence twice. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And Saul was afraid of David, because the LORD was with him, and was departed from Saul. <span class="ver">13</span>Therefore Saul removed him from M
him, and made him his captain over a thousand; and he went out and came in before the people. <span class="ver">14</span>And David behaved himself wisely in all his ways; and the LORD was with him. <span class="ver">15</span>Wherefore when Saul saw that he behaved himself very wisely, he was afraid of him. <span class="ver">16</span>But all Israel and Judah loved David, because he went out and came in before them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And Saul said to David, Behold my elder daughter Merab, her will M
I give thee to wife: only be thou valiant for me, and fight the LORD
s battles. For Saul said, Let not mine hand be upon him, but let the hand of the Philistines be upon him. <span class="ver">18</span>And David said unto Saul, Who am I? and what is my life, or my father
s family in Israel, that I should be son in law to the king? <span class="ver">19</span>But it came to pass at the time when Merab Saul
s daughter should have been given to David, that she was given unto Adriel the Meholathite to wife. <span M
class="ver">20</span>And Michal Saul
s daughter loved David: and they told Saul, and the thing pleased him. <span class="ver">21</span>And Saul said, I will give him her, that she may be a snare to him, and that the hand of the Philistines may be against him. Wherefore Saul said to David, Thou shalt this day be my son in law in the one of the twain. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And Saul commanded his servants, saying, Commune with David secretly, and say, Behold, the king hath delight in thee, and all hisM
servants love thee: now therefore be the king
s son in law. <span class="ver">23</span>And Saul
s servants spake those words in the ears of David. And David said, Seemeth it to you a light thing to be a king
s son in law, seeing that I am a poor man, and lightly esteemed? <span class="ver">24</span>And the servants of Saul told him, saying, On this manner spake David. <span class="ver">25</span>And Saul said, Thus shall ye say to David, The king desireth not any dowry, but an hundred foreskins of the PhilistM
ines, to be avenged of the king
s enemies. But Saul thought to make David fall by the hand of the Philistines. <span class="ver">26</span>And when his servants told David these words, it pleased David well to be the king
s son in law: and the days were not expired. <span class="ver">27</span>Wherefore David arose and went, he and his men, and slew of the Philistines two hundred men; and David brought their foreskins, and they gave them in full tale to the king, that he might be the king
s son in law. And SaulM
gave him Michal his daughter to wife. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>And Saul saw and knew that the LORD was with David, and that Michal Saul
s daughter loved him. <span class="ver">29</span>And Saul was yet the more afraid of David; and Saul became David
s enemy continually. <span class="ver">30</span>Then the princes of the Philistines went forth: and it came to pass, after they went forth, that David behaved himself more wisely than all the servants of Saul; so that his name was much set by.
="c19">Chapter 19</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Saul spake to Jonathan his son, and to all his servants, that they should kill David. <span class="ver">2</span>But Jonathan Saul
s son delighted much in David: and Jonathan told David, saying, Saul my father seeketh to kill thee: now therefore, I pray thee, take heed to thyself until the morning, and abide in a secret place, and hide thyself: <span class="ver">3</span>And I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where thou art, and I will coM
mmune with my father of thee; and what I see, that I will tell thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And Jonathan spake good of David unto Saul his father, and said unto him, Let not the king sin against his servant, against David; because he hath not sinned against thee, and because his works have been to thee-ward very good: <span class="ver">5</span>For he did put his life in his hand, and slew the Philistine, and the LORD wrought a great salvation for all Israel: thou sawest it, and didst rejoice: whereforeM
then wilt thou sin against innocent blood, to slay David without a cause? <span class="ver">6</span>And Saul hearkened unto the voice of Jonathan: and Saul sware, As the LORD liveth, he shall not be slain. <span class="ver">7</span>And Jonathan called David, and Jonathan shewed him all those things. And Jonathan brought David to Saul, and he was in his presence, as in times past. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And there was war again: and David went out, and fought with the Philistines, and slew them with a gM
reat slaughter; and they fled from him. <span class="ver">9</span>And the evil spirit from the LORD was upon Saul, as he sat in his house with his javelin in his hand: and David played with his hand. <span class="ver">10</span>And Saul sought to smite David even to the wall with the javelin; but he slipped away out of Saul
s presence, and he smote the javelin into the wall: and David fled, and escaped that night. <span class="ver">11</span>Saul also sent messengers unto David
s house, to watch him, and to slay M
him in the morning: and Michal David
s wife told him, saying, If thou save not thy life to night, to morrow thou shalt be slain. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>So Michal let David down through a window: and he went, and fled, and escaped. <span class="ver">13</span>And Michal took an image, and laid it in the bed, and put a pillow of goats
hair for his bolster, and covered it with a cloth. <span class="ver">14</span>And when Saul sent messengers to take David, she said, He is sick. <span class="ver">15</M
span>And Saul sent the messengers again to see David, saying, Bring him up to me in the bed, that I may slay him. <span class="ver">16</span>And when the messengers were come in, behold, there was an image in the bed, with a pillow of goats
hair for his bolster. <span class="ver">17</span>And Saul said unto Michal, Why hast thou deceived me so, and sent away mine enemy, that he is escaped? And Michal answered Saul, He said unto me, Let me go; why should I kill thee? </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>So David M
fled, and escaped, and came to Samuel to Ramah, and told him all that Saul had done to him. And he and Samuel went and dwelt in Naioth. <span class="ver">19</span>And it was told Saul, saying, Behold, David is at Naioth in Ramah. <span class="ver">20</span>And Saul sent messengers to take David: and when they saw the company of the prophets prophesying, and Samuel standing as appointed over them, the Spirit of God was upon the messengers of Saul, and they also prophesied. <span class="ver">21</span>And when it was M
told Saul, he sent other messengers, and they prophesied likewise. And Saul sent messengers again the third time, and they prophesied also. <span class="ver">22</span>Then went he also to Ramah, and came to a great well that is in Sechu: and he asked and said, Where are Samuel and David? And one said, Behold, they be at Naioth in Ramah. <span class="ver">23</span>And he went thither to Naioth in Ramah: and the Spirit of God was upon him also, and he went on, and prophesied, until he came to Naioth in Ramah. <span cM
lass="ver">24</span>And he stripped off his clothes also, and prophesied before Samuel in like manner, and lay down naked all that day and all that night. Wherefore they say, Is Saul also among the prophets?
<h2 id="c20">Chapter 20</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And David fled from Naioth in Ramah, and came and said before Jonathan, What have I done? what is mine iniquity? and what is my sin before thy father, that he seeketh my life? <span class="ver">2</span>And he said unto him, God forbid; thou shalt nM
ot die: behold, my father will do nothing either great or small, but that he will shew it me: and why should my father hide this thing from me? it is not so. <span class="ver">3</span>And David sware moreover, and said, Thy father certainly knoweth that I have found grace in thine eyes; and he saith, Let not Jonathan know this, lest he be grieved: but truly as the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth, there is but a step between me and death. <span class="ver">4</span>Then said Jonathan unto David, Whatsoever thy soM
ul desireth, I will even do it for thee. <span class="ver">5</span>And David said unto Jonathan, Behold, to morrow is the new moon, and I should not fail to sit with the king at meat: but let me go, that I may hide myself in the field unto the third day at even. <span class="ver">6</span>If thy father at all miss me, then say, David earnestly asked leave of me that he might run to Beth-lehem his city: for there is a yearly sacrifice there for all the family. <span class="ver">7</span>If he say thus, It is well; thyM
servant shall have peace: but if he be very wroth, then be sure that evil is determined by him. <span class="ver">8</span>Therefore thou shalt deal kindly with thy servant; for thou hast brought thy servant into a covenant of the LORD with thee: notwithstanding, if there be in me iniquity, slay me thyself; for why shouldest thou bring me to thy father? <span class="ver">9</span>And Jonathan said, Far be it from thee: for if I knew certainly that evil were determined by my father to come upon thee, then would not IM
tell it thee? <span class="ver">10</span>Then said David to Jonathan, Who shall tell me? or what if thy father answer thee roughly? </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And Jonathan said unto David, Come, and let us go out into the field. And they went out both of them into the field. <span class="ver">12</span>And Jonathan said unto David, O LORD God of Israel, when I have sounded my father about to morrow any time, or the third day, and, behold, if there be good toward David, and I then send not unto thee, and sM
hew it thee; <span class="ver">13</span>The LORD do so and much more to Jonathan: but if it please my father to do thee evil, then I will shew it thee, and send thee away, that thou mayest go in peace: and the LORD be with thee, as he hath been with my father. <span class="ver">14</span>And thou shalt not only while yet I live shew me the kindness of the LORD, that I die not: <span class="ver">15</span>But also thou shalt not cut off thy kindness from my house for ever: no, not when the LORD hath cut off the enemieM
s of David every one from the face of the earth. <span class="ver">16</span>So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, Let the LORD even require it at the hand of David
s enemies. <span class="ver">17</span>And Jonathan caused David to swear again, because he loved him: for he loved him as he loved his own soul. <span class="ver">18</span>Then Jonathan said to David, To morrow is the new moon: and thou shalt be missed, because thy seat will be empty. <span class="ver">19</span>And when thou hastM
stayed three days, then thou shalt go down quickly, and come to the place where thou didst hide thyself when the business was in hand, and shalt remain by the stone Ezel. <span class="ver">20</span>And I will shoot three arrows on the side thereof, as though I shot at a mark. <span class="ver">21</span>And, behold, I will send a lad, saying, Go, find out the arrows. If I expressly say unto the lad, Behold, the arrows are on this side of thee, take them; then come thou: for there is peace to thee, and no hurt; as tM
he LORD liveth. <span class="ver">22</span>But if I say thus unto the young man, Behold, the arrows are beyond thee; go thy way: for the LORD hath sent thee away. <span class="ver">23</span>And as touching the matter which thou and I have spoken of, behold, the LORD be between thee and me for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>So David hid himself in the field: and when the new moon was come, the king sat him down to eat meat. <span class="ver">25</span>And the king sat upon his seat, as at other times, eveM
n upon a seat by the wall: and Jonathan arose, and Abner sat by Saul
s place was empty. <span class="ver">26</span>Nevertheless Saul spake not any thing that day: for he thought, Something hath befallen him, he is not clean; surely he is not clean. <span class="ver">27</span>And it came to pass on the morrow, which was the second day of the month, that David
s place was empty: and Saul said unto Jonathan his son, Wherefore cometh not the son of Jesse to meat, neither yesterday, nor to day? <M
span class="ver">28</span>And Jonathan answered Saul, David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Beth-lehem: <span class="ver">29</span>And he said, Let me go, I pray thee; for our family hath a sacrifice in the city; and my brother, he hath commanded me to be there: and now, if I have found favour in thine eyes, let me get away, I pray thee, and see my brethren. Therefore he cometh not unto the king
s table. <span class="ver">30</span>Then Saul
s anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said unto him, Thou sM
on of the perverse rebellious woman, do not I know that thou hast chosen the son of Jesse to thine own confusion, and unto the confusion of thy mother
s nakedness? <span class="ver">31</span>For as long as the son of Jesse liveth upon the ground, thou shalt not be established, nor thy kingdom. Wherefore now send and fetch him unto me, for he shall surely die. <span class="ver">32</span>And Jonathan answered Saul his father, and said unto him, Wherefore shall he be slain? what hath he done? <span class="ver">33</sM
pan>And Saul cast a javelin at him to smite him: whereby Jonathan knew that it was determined of his father to slay David. <span class="ver">34</span>So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no meat the second day of the month: for he was grieved for David, because his father had done him shame. </p>
<p><span class="ver">35</span>And it came to pass in the morning, that Jonathan went out into the field at the time appointed with David, and a little lad with him. <span class="ver">36</span>AndM
he said unto his lad, Run, find out now the arrows which I shoot. And as the lad ran, he shot an arrow beyond him. <span class="ver">37</span>And when the lad was come to the place of the arrow which Jonathan had shot, Jonathan cried after the lad, and said, Is not the arrow beyond thee? <span class="ver">38</span>And Jonathan cried after the lad, Make speed, haste, stay not. And Jonathan
s lad gathered up the arrows, and came to his master. <span class="ver">39</span>But the lad knew not any thing: only JonathaM
n and David knew the matter. <span class="ver">40</span>And Jonathan gave his artillery unto his lad, and said unto him, Go, carry them to the city. </p>
<p><span class="ver">41</span>And as soon as the lad was gone, David arose out of a place toward the south, and fell on his face to the ground, and bowed himself three times: and they kissed one another, and wept one with another, until David exceeded. <span class="ver">42</span>And Jonathan said to David, Go in peace, forasmuch as we have sworn both of us in thM
e name of the LORD, saying, The LORD be between me and thee, and between my seed and thy seed for ever. And he arose and departed: and Jonathan went into the city.
<h2 id="c21">Chapter 21</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then came David to Nob to Ahimelech the priest: and Ahimelech was afraid at the meeting of David, and said unto him, Why art thou alone, and no man with thee? <span class="ver">2</span>And David said unto Ahimelech the priest, The king hath commanded me a business, and hath said unto me, LetM
no man know any thing of the business whereabout I send thee, and what I have commanded thee: and I have appointed my servants to such and such a place. <span class="ver">3</span>Now therefore what is under thine hand? give me five loaves of bread in mine hand, or what there is present. <span class="ver">4</span>And the priest answered David, and said, There is no common bread under mine hand, but there is hallowed bread; if the young men have kept themselves at least from women. <span class="ver">5</span>And DaviM
d answered the priest, and said unto him, Of a truth women have been kept from us about these three days, since I came out, and the vessels of the young men are holy, and the bread is in a manner common, yea, though it were sanctified this day in the vessel. <span class="ver">6</span>So the priest gave him hallowed bread: for there was no bread there but the shewbread, that was taken from before the LORD, to put hot bread in the day when it was taken away. <span class="ver">7</span>Now a certain man of the servantsM
of Saul was there that day, detained before the LORD; and his name was Doeg, an Edomite, the chiefest of the herdmen that belonged to Saul. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And David said unto Ahimelech, And is there not here under thine hand spear or sword? for I have neither brought my sword nor my weapons with me, because the king
s business required haste. <span class="ver">9</span>And the priest said, The sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom thou slewest in the valley of Elah, behold, it is here wrappedM
in a cloth behind the ephod: if thou wilt take that, take it: for there is no other save that here. And David said, There is none like that; give it me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And David arose, and fled that day for fear of Saul, and went to Achish the king of Gath. <span class="ver">11</span>And the servants of Achish said unto him, Is not this David the king of the land? did they not sing one to another of him in dances, saying, Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands? <span classM
="ver">12</span>And David laid up these words in his heart, and was sore afraid of Achish the king of Gath. <span class="ver">13</span>And he changed his behaviour before them, and feigned himself mad in their hands, and scrabbled on the doors of the gate, and let his spittle fall down upon his beard. <span class="ver">14</span>Then said Achish unto his servants, Lo, ye see the man is mad: wherefore then have ye brought him to me? <span class="ver">15</span>Have I need of mad men, that ye have brought this fellow tM
o play the mad man in my presence? shall this fellow come into my house?
<h2 id="c22">Chapter 22</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>David therefore departed thence, and escaped to the cave Adullam: and when his brethren and all his father
s house heard it, they went down thither to him. <span class="ver">2</span>And every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented, gathered themselves unto him; and he became a captain over them: and there were with him aboutM
four hundred men. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And David went thence to Mizpeh of Moab: and he said unto the king of Moab, Let my father and my mother, I pray thee, come forth, and be with you, till I know what God will do for me. <span class="ver">4</span>And he brought them before the king of Moab: and they dwelt with him all the while that David was in the hold. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And the prophet Gad said unto David, Abide not in the hold; depart, and get thee into the land of Judah. TheM
n David departed, and came into the forest of Hareth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>When Saul heard that David was discovered, and the men that were with him, (now Saul abode in Gibeah under a tree in Ramah, having his spear in his hand, and all his servants were standing about him;) <span class="ver">7</span>Then Saul said unto his servants that stood about him, Hear now, ye Benjamites; will the son of Jesse give every one of you fields and vineyards, and make you all captains of thousands, and captains of hM
undreds; <span class="ver">8</span>That all of you have conspired against me, and there is none that sheweth me that my son hath made a league with the son of Jesse, and there is none of you that is sorry for me, or sheweth unto me that my son hath stirred up my servant against me, to lie in wait, as at this day? </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Then answered Doeg the Edomite, which was set over the servants of Saul, and said, I saw the son of Jesse coming to Nob, to Ahimelech the son of Ahitub. <span class="verM
">10</span>And he enquired of the LORD for him, and gave him victuals, and gave him the sword of Goliath the Philistine. <span class="ver">11</span>Then the king sent to call Ahimelech the priest, the son of Ahitub, and all his father
s house, the priests that were in Nob: and they came all of them to the king. <span class="ver">12</span>And Saul said, Hear now, thou son of Ahitub. And he answered, Here I am, my lord. <span class="ver">13</span>And Saul said unto him, Why have ye conspired against me, thou and thM
e son of Jesse, in that thou hast given him bread, and a sword, and hast enquired of God for him, that he should rise against me, to lie in wait, as at this day? <span class="ver">14</span>Then Ahimelech answered the king, and said, And who is so faithful among all thy servants as David, which is the king
s son in law, and goeth at thy bidding, and is honourable in thine house? <span class="ver">15</span>Did I then begin to enquire of God for him? be it far from me: let not the king impute any thing unto his servM
ant, nor to all the house of my father: for thy servant knew nothing of all this, less or more. <span class="ver">16</span>And the king said, Thou shalt surely die, Ahimelech, thou, and all thy father
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And the king said unto the footmen that stood about him, Turn, and slay the priests of the LORD; because their hand also is with David, and because they knew when he fled, and did not shew it to me. But the servants of the king would not put forth their hand to fall uponM
the priests of the LORD. <span class="ver">18</span>And the king said to Doeg, Turn thou, and fall upon the priests. And Doeg the Edomite turned, and he fell upon the priests, and slew on that day fourscore and five persons that did wear a linen ephod. <span class="ver">19</span>And Nob, the city of the priests, smote he with the edge of the sword, both men and women, children and sucklings, and oxen, and asses, and sheep, with the edge of the sword. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And one of the sons of AhimM
elech the son of Ahitub, named Abiathar, escaped, and fled after David. <span class="ver">21</span>And Abiathar shewed David that Saul had slain the LORD
s priests. <span class="ver">22</span>And David said unto Abiathar, I knew it that day, when Doeg the Edomite was there, that he would surely tell Saul: I have occasioned the death of all the persons of thy father
s house. <span class="ver">23</span>Abide thou with me, fear not: for he that seeketh my life seeketh thy life: but with me thou shalt be in safeguaM
<h2 id="c23">Chapter 23</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then they told David, saying, Behold, the Philistines fight against Keilah, and they rob the threshingfloors. <span class="ver">2</span>Therefore David enquired of the LORD, saying, Shall I go and smite these Philistines? And the LORD said unto David, Go, and smite the Philistines, and save Keilah. <span class="ver">3</span>And David
s men said unto him, Behold, we be afraid here in Judah: how much more then if we come to Keilah against the armieM
s of the Philistines? <span class="ver">4</span>Then David enquired of the LORD yet again. And the LORD answered him and said, Arise, go down to Keilah; for I will deliver the Philistines into thine hand. <span class="ver">5</span>So David and his men went to Keilah, and fought with the Philistines, and brought away their cattle, and smote them with a great slaughter. So David saved the inhabitants of Keilah. <span class="ver">6</span>And it came to pass, when Abiathar the son of Ahimelech fled to David to Keilah, M
that he came down with an ephod in his hand. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And it was told Saul that David was come to Keilah. And Saul said, God hath delivered him into mine hand; for he is shut in, by entering into a town that hath gates and bars. <span class="ver">8</span>And Saul called all the people together to war, to go down to Keilah, to besiege David and his men. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And David knew that Saul secretly practised mischief against him; and he said to Abiathar the priest, M
Bring hither the ephod. <span class="ver">10</span>Then said David, O LORD God of Israel, thy servant hath certainly heard that Saul seeketh to come to Keilah, to destroy the city for my sake. <span class="ver">11</span>Will the men of Keilah deliver me up into his hand? will Saul come down, as thy servant hath heard? O LORD God of Israel, I beseech thee, tell thy servant. And the LORD said, He will come down. <span class="ver">12</span>Then said David, Will the men of Keilah deliver me and my men into the hand of M
Saul? And the LORD said, They will deliver thee up. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Then David and his men, which were about six hundred, arose and departed out of Keilah, and went whithersoever they could go. And it was told Saul that David was escaped from Keilah; and he forbare to go forth. <span class="ver">14</span>And David abode in the wilderness in strong holds, and remained in a mountain in the wilderness of Ziph. And Saul sought him every day, but God delivered him not into his hand. <span class="verM
">15</span>And David saw that Saul was come out to seek his life: and David was in the wilderness of Ziph in a wood. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And Jonathan Saul
s son arose, and went to David into the wood, and strengthened his hand in God. <span class="ver">17</span>And he said unto him, Fear not: for the hand of Saul my father shall not find thee; and thou shalt be king over Israel, and I shall be next unto thee; and that also Saul my father knoweth. <span class="ver">18</span>And they two made a covM
enant before the LORD: and David abode in the wood, and Jonathan went to his house. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Then came up the Ziphites to Saul to Gibeah, saying, Doth not David hide himself with us in strong holds in the wood, in the hill of Hachilah, which is on the south of Jeshimon? <span class="ver">20</span>Now therefore, O king, come down according to all the desire of thy soul to come down; and our part shall be to deliver him into the king
s hand. <span class="ver">21</span>And Saul said, BlesM
sed be ye of the LORD; for ye have compassion on me. <span class="ver">22</span>Go, I pray you, prepare yet, and know and see his place where his haunt is, and who hath seen him there: for it is told me that he dealeth very subtilly. <span class="ver">23</span>See therefore, and take knowledge of all the lurking places where he hideth himself, and come ye again to me with the certainty, and I will go with you: and it shall come to pass, if he be in the land, that I will search him out throughout all the thousands oM
f Judah. <span class="ver">24</span>And they arose, and went to Ziph before Saul: but David and his men were in the wilderness of Maon, in the plain on the south of Jeshimon. <span class="ver">25</span>Saul also and his men went to seek him. And they told David: wherefore he came down into a rock, and abode in the wilderness of Maon. And when Saul heard that, he pursued after David in the wilderness of Maon. <span class="ver">26</span>And Saul went on this side of the mountain, and David and his men on that side ofM
the mountain: and David made haste to get away for fear of Saul; for Saul and his men compassed David and his men round about to take them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>But there came a messenger unto Saul, saying, Haste thee, and come; for the Philistines have invaded the land. <span class="ver">28</span>Wherefore Saul returned from pursuing after David, and went against the Philistines: therefore they called that place Sela-hammahlekoth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>And David went up from thence,M
and dwelt in strong holds at En-gedi.
<h2 id="c24">Chapter 24</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass, when Saul was returned from following the Philistines, that it was told him, saying, Behold, David is in the wilderness of En-gedi. <span class="ver">2</span>Then Saul took three thousand chosen men out of all Israel, and went to seek David and his men upon the rocks of the wild goats. <span class="ver">3</span>And he came to the sheepcotes by the way, where was a cave; and Saul went in to covM
er his feet: and David and his men remained in the sides of the cave. <span class="ver">4</span>And the men of David said unto him, Behold the day of which the LORD said unto thee, Behold, I will deliver thine enemy into thine hand, that thou mayest do to him as it shall seem good unto thee. Then David arose, and cut off the skirt of Saul
s robe privily. <span class="ver">5</span>And it came to pass afterward, that David
s heart smote him, because he had cut off Saul
s skirt. <span class="ver">6</span>And he M
said unto his men, The LORD forbid that I should do this thing unto my master, the LORD
s anointed, to stretch forth mine hand against him, seeing he is the anointed of the LORD. <span class="ver">7</span>So David stayed his servants with these words, and suffered them not to rise against Saul. But Saul rose up out of the cave, and went on his way. <span class="ver">8</span>David also arose afterward, and went out of the cave, and cried after Saul, saying, My lord the king. And when Saul looked behind him, David M
stooped with his face to the earth, and bowed himself. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And David said to Saul, Wherefore hearest thou men
s words, saying, Behold, David seeketh thy hurt? <span class="ver">10</span>Behold, this day thine eyes have seen how that the LORD had delivered thee to day into mine hand in the cave: and some bade me kill thee: but mine eye spared thee; and I said, I will not put forth mine hand against my lord; for he is the LORD
s anointed. <span class="ver">11</span>Moreover, my fatM
her, see, yea, see the skirt of thy robe in my hand: for in that I cut off the skirt of thy robe, and killed thee not, know thou and see that there is neither evil nor transgression in mine hand, and I have not sinned against thee; yet thou huntest my soul to take it. <span class="ver">12</span>The LORD judge between me and thee, and the LORD avenge me of thee: but mine hand shall not be upon thee. <span class="ver">13</span>As saith the proverb of the ancients, Wickedness proceedeth from the wicked: but mine hand M
shall not be upon thee. <span class="ver">14</span>After whom is the king of Israel come out? after whom dost thou pursue? after a dead dog, after a flea. <span class="ver">15</span>The LORD therefore be judge, and judge between me and thee, and see, and plead my cause, and deliver me out of thine hand. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And it came to pass, when David had made an end of speaking these words unto Saul, that Saul said, Is this thy voice, my son David? And Saul lifted up his voice, and wept. <span M
class="ver">17</span>And he said to David, Thou art more righteous than I: for thou hast rewarded me good, whereas I have rewarded thee evil. <span class="ver">18</span>And thou hast shewed this day how that thou hast dealt well with me: forasmuch as when the LORD had delivered me into thine hand, thou killedst me not. <span class="ver">19</span>For if a man find his enemy, will he let him go well away? wherefore the LORD reward thee good for that thou hast done unto me this day. <span class="ver">20</span>And now,M
behold, I know well that thou shalt surely be king, and that the kingdom of Israel shall be established in thine hand. <span class="ver">21</span>Swear now therefore unto me by the LORD, that thou wilt not cut off my seed after me, and that thou wilt not destroy my name out of my father
s house. <span class="ver">22</span>And David sware unto Saul. And Saul went home; but David and his men gat them up unto the hold.
<h2 id="c25">Chapter 25</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Samuel died; and all the IsraM
elites were gathered together, and lamented him, and buried him in his house at Ramah. And David arose, and went down to the wilderness of Paran. <span class="ver">2</span>And there was a man in Maon, whose possessions were in Carmel; and the man was very great, and he had three thousand sheep, and a thousand goats: and he was shearing his sheep in Carmel. <span class="ver">3</span>Now the name of the man was Nabal; and the name of his wife Abigail: and she was a woman of good understanding, and of a beautiful counM
tenance: but the man was churlish and evil in his doings; and he was of the house of Caleb. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And David heard in the wilderness that Nabal did shear his sheep. <span class="ver">5</span>And David sent out ten young men, and David said unto the young men, Get you up to Carmel, and go to Nabal, and greet him in my name: <span class="ver">6</span>And thus shall ye say to him that liveth in prosperity, Peace be both to thee, and peace be to thine house, and peace be unto all that thou M
hast. <span class="ver">7</span>And now I have heard that thou hast shearers: now thy shepherds which were with us, we hurt them not, neither was there ought missing unto them, all the while they were in Carmel. <span class="ver">8</span>Ask thy young men, and they will shew thee. Wherefore let the young men find favour in thine eyes: for we come in a good day: give, I pray thee, whatsoever cometh to thine hand unto thy servants, and to thy son David. <span class="ver">9</span>And when David
s young men came, theM
y spake to Nabal according to all those words in the name of David, and ceased. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And Nabal answered David
s servants, and said, Who is David? and who is the son of Jesse? there be many servants now a days that break away every man from his master. <span class="ver">11</span>Shall I then take my bread, and my water, and my flesh that I have killed for my shearers, and give it unto men, whom I know not whence they be? <span class="ver">12</span>So David
s young men turned theirM
way, and went again, and came and told him all those sayings. <span class="ver">13</span>And David said unto his men, Gird ye on every man his sword. And they girded on every man his sword; and David also girded on his sword: and there went up after David about four hundred men; and two hundred abode by the stuff. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>But one of the young men told Abigail, Nabal
s wife, saying, Behold, David sent messengers out of the wilderness to salute our master; and he railed on them. <span M
class="ver">15</span>But the men were very good unto us, and we were not hurt, neither missed we any thing, as long as we were conversant with them, when we were in the fields: <span class="ver">16</span>They were a wall unto us both by night and day, all the while we were with them keeping the sheep. <span class="ver">17</span>Now therefore know and consider what thou wilt do; for evil is determined against our master, and against all his household: for he is such a son of Belial, that a man cannot speak to him. <M
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Then Abigail made haste, and took two hundred loaves, and two bottles of wine, and five sheep ready dressed, and five measures of parched corn, and an hundred clusters of raisins, and two hundred cakes of figs, and laid them on asses. <span class="ver">19</span>And she said unto her servants, Go on before me; behold, I come after you. But she told not her husband Nabal. <span class="ver">20</span>And it was so, as she rode on the ass, that she came down by the covert of the hill,M
and, behold, David and his men came down against her; and she met them. <span class="ver">21</span>Now David had said, Surely in vain have I kept all that this fellow hath in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that pertained unto him: and he hath requited me evil for good. <span class="ver">22</span>So and more also do God unto the enemies of David, if I leave of all that pertain to him by the morning light any that pisseth against the wall. <span class="ver">23</span>And when Abigail saw David, sheM
hasted, and lighted off the ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed herself to the ground, <span class="ver">24</span>And fell at his feet, and said, Upon me, my lord, upon me let this iniquity be: and let thine handmaid, I pray thee, speak in thine audience, and hear the words of thine handmaid. <span class="ver">25</span>Let not my lord, I pray thee, regard this man of Belial, even Nabal: for as his name is, so is he; Nabal is his name, and folly is with him: but I thine handmaid saw not the young men M
of my lord, whom thou didst send. <span class="ver">26</span>Now therefore, my lord, as the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth, seeing the LORD hath withholden thee from coming to shed blood, and from avenging thyself with thine own hand, now let thine enemies, and they that seek evil to my lord, be as Nabal. <span class="ver">27</span>And now this blessing which thine handmaid hath brought unto my lord, let it even be given unto the young men that follow my lord. <span class="ver">28</span>I pray thee, forgive thM
e trespass of thine handmaid: for the LORD will certainly make my lord a sure house; because my lord fighteth the battles of the LORD, and evil hath not been found in thee all thy days. <span class="ver">29</span>Yet a man is risen to pursue thee, and to seek thy soul: but the soul of my lord shall be bound in the bundle of life with the LORD thy God; and the souls of thine enemies, them shall he sling out, as out of the middle of a sling. <span class="ver">30</span>And it shall come to pass, when the LORD shall haM
ve done to my lord according to all the good that he hath spoken concerning thee, and shall have appointed thee ruler over Israel; <span class="ver">31</span>That this shall be no grief unto thee, nor offence of heart unto my lord, either that thou hast shed blood causeless, or that my lord hath avenged himself: but when the LORD shall have dealt well with my lord, then remember thine handmaid. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>And David said to Abigail, Blessed be the LORD God of Israel, which sent thee this daM
y to meet me: <span class="ver">33</span>And blessed be thy advice, and blessed be thou, which hast kept me this day from coming to shed blood, and from avenging myself with mine own hand. <span class="ver">34</span>For in very deed, as the LORD God of Israel liveth, which hath kept me back from hurting thee, except thou hadst hasted and come to meet me, surely there had not been left unto Nabal by the morning light any that pisseth against the wall. <span class="ver">35</span>So David received of her hand that whiM
ch she had brought him, and said unto her, Go up in peace to thine house; see, I have hearkened to thy voice, and have accepted thy person. </p>
<p><span class="ver">36</span>And Abigail came to Nabal; and, behold, he held a feast in his house, like the feast of a king; and Nabal
s heart was merry within him, for he was very drunken: wherefore she told him nothing, less or more, until the morning light. <span class="ver">37</span>But it came to pass in the morning, when the wine was gone out of Nabal, and his wM
ife had told him these things, that his heart died within him, and he became as a stone. <span class="ver">38</span>And it came to pass about ten days after, that the LORD smote Nabal, that he died. </p>
<p><span class="ver">39</span>And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, Blessed be the LORD, that hath pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and hath kept his servant from evil: for the LORD hath returned the wickedness of Nabal upon his own head. And David sent and communed with AbigaM
il, to take her to him to wife. <span class="ver">40</span>And when the servants of David were come to Abigail to Carmel, they spake unto her, saying, David sent us unto thee, to take thee to him to wife. <span class="ver">41</span>And she arose, and bowed herself on her face to the earth, and said, Behold, let thine handmaid be a servant to wash the feet of the servants of my lord. <span class="ver">42</span>And Abigail hasted, and arose, and rode upon an ass, with five damsels of hers that went after her; and sheM
went after the messengers of David, and became his wife. <span class="ver">43</span>David also took Ahinoam of Jezreel; and they were also both of them his wives. </p>
<p><span class="ver">44</span>But Saul had given Michal his daughter, David
s wife, to Phalti the son of Laish, which was of Gallim.
<h2 id="c26">Chapter 26</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the Ziphites came unto Saul to Gibeah, saying, Doth not David hide himself in the hill of Hachilah, which is before Jeshimon? <span class="ver">2<M
/span>Then Saul arose, and went down to the wilderness of Ziph, having three thousand chosen men of Israel with him, to seek David in the wilderness of Ziph. <span class="ver">3</span>And Saul pitched in the hill of Hachilah, which is before Jeshimon, by the way. But David abode in the wilderness, and he saw that Saul came after him into the wilderness. <span class="ver">4</span>David therefore sent out spies, and understood that Saul was come in very deed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And David arose, and cM
ame to the place where Saul had pitched: and David beheld the place where Saul lay, and Abner the son of Ner, the captain of his host: and Saul lay in the trench, and the people pitched round about him. <span class="ver">6</span>Then answered David and said to Ahimelech the Hittite, and to Abishai the son of Zeruiah, brother to Joab, saying, Who will go down with me to Saul to the camp? And Abishai said, I will go down with thee. <span class="ver">7</span>So David and Abishai came to the people by night: and, beholM
d, Saul lay sleeping within the trench, and his spear stuck in the ground at his bolster: but Abner and the people lay round about him. <span class="ver">8</span>Then said Abishai to David, God hath delivered thine enemy into thine hand this day: now therefore let me smite him, I pray thee, with the spear even to the earth at once, and I will not smite him the second time. <span class="ver">9</span>And David said to Abishai, Destroy him not: for who can stretch forth his hand against the LORD
s anointed, and be gM
uiltless? <span class="ver">10</span>David said furthermore, As the LORD liveth, the LORD shall smite him; or his day shall come to die; or he shall descend into battle, and perish. <span class="ver">11</span>The LORD forbid that I should stretch forth mine hand against the LORD
s anointed: but, I pray thee, take thou now the spear that is at his bolster, and the cruse of water, and let us go. <span class="ver">12</span>So David took the spear and the cruse of water from Saul
s bolster; and they gat them away, M
and no man saw it, nor knew it, neither awaked: for they were all asleep; because a deep sleep from the LORD was fallen upon them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Then David went over to the other side, and stood on the top of an hill afar off; a great space being between them: <span class="ver">14</span>And David cried to the people, and to Abner the son of Ner, saying, Answerest thou not, Abner? Then Abner answered and said, Who art thou that criest to the king? <span class="ver">15</span>And David said to AM
bner, Art not thou a valiant man? and who is like to thee in Israel? wherefore then hast thou not kept thy lord the king? for there came one of the people in to destroy the king thy lord. <span class="ver">16</span>This thing is not good that thou hast done. As the LORD liveth, ye are worthy to die, because ye have not kept your master, the LORD
s anointed. And now see where the king
s spear is, and the cruse of water that was at his bolster. <span class="ver">17</span>And Saul knew David
s voice, and said, IM
s this thy voice, my son David? And David said, It is my voice, my lord, O king. <span class="ver">18</span>And he said, Wherefore doth my lord thus pursue after his servant? for what have I done? or what evil is in mine hand? <span class="ver">19</span>Now therefore, I pray thee, let my lord the king hear the words of his servant. If the LORD have stirred thee up against me, let him accept an offering: but if they be the children of men, cursed be they before the LORD; for they have driven me out this day from abiM
ding in the inheritance of the LORD, saying, Go, serve other gods. <span class="ver">20</span>Now therefore, let not my blood fall to the earth before the face of the LORD: for the king of Israel is come out to seek a flea, as when one doth hunt a partridge in the mountains. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Then said Saul, I have sinned: return, my son David: for I will no more do thee harm, because my soul was precious in thine eyes this day: behold, I have played the fool, and have erred exceedingly. <span clM
ass="ver">22</span>And David answered and said, Behold the king
s spear! and let one of the young men come over and fetch it. <span class="ver">23</span>The LORD render to every man his righteousness and his faithfulness: for the LORD delivered thee into my hand to day, but I would not stretch forth mine hand against the LORD
s anointed. <span class="ver">24</span>And, behold, as thy life was much set by this day in mine eyes, so let my life be much set by in the eyes of the LORD, and let him deliver me out of M
all tribulation. <span class="ver">25</span>Then Saul said to David, Blessed be thou, my son David: thou shalt both do great things, and also shalt still prevail. So David went on his way, and Saul returned to his place.
<h2 id="c27">Chapter 27</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And David said in his heart, I shall now perish one day by the hand of Saul: there is nothing better for me than that I should speedily escape into the land of the Philistines; and Saul shall despair of me, to seek me any more in any cM
oast of Israel: so shall I escape out of his hand. <span class="ver">2</span>And David arose, and he passed over with the six hundred men that were with him unto Achish, the son of Maoch, king of Gath. <span class="ver">3</span>And David dwelt with Achish at Gath, he and his men, every man with his household, even David with his two wives, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the Carmelitess, Nabal
s wife. <span class="ver">4</span>And it was told Saul that David was fled to Gath: and he sought no more again forM
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And David said unto Achish, If I have now found grace in thine eyes, let them give me a place in some town in the country, that I may dwell there: for why should thy servant dwell in the royal city with thee? <span class="ver">6</span>Then Achish gave him Ziklag that day: wherefore Ziklag pertaineth unto the kings of Judah unto this day. <span class="ver">7</span>And the time that David dwelt in the country of the Philistines was a full year and four months. </p>
class="ver">8</span>And David and his men went up, and invaded the Geshurites, and the Gezrites, and the Amalekites: for those nations were of old the inhabitants of the land, as thou goest to Shur, even unto the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">9</span>And David smote the land, and left neither man nor woman alive, and took away the sheep, and the oxen, and the asses, and the camels, and the apparel, and returned, and came to Achish. <span class="ver">10</span>And Achish said, Whither have ye made a road to day? M
And David said, Against the south of Judah, and against the south of the Jerahmeelites, and against the south of the Kenites. <span class="ver">11</span>And David saved neither man nor woman alive, to bring tidings to Gath, saying, Lest they should tell on us, saying, So did David, and so will be his manner all the while he dwelleth in the country of the Philistines. <span class="ver">12</span>And Achish believed David, saying, He hath made his people Israel utterly to abhor him; therefore he shall be my servant foM
<h2 id="c28">Chapter 28</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass in those days, that the Philistines gathered their armies together for warfare, to fight with Israel. And Achish said unto David, Know thou assuredly, that thou shalt go out with me to battle, thou and thy men. <span class="ver">2</span>And David said to Achish, Surely thou shalt know what thy servant can do. And Achish said to David, Therefore will I make thee keeper of mine head for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</spaM
n>Now Samuel was dead, and all Israel had lamented him, and buried him in Ramah, even in his own city. And Saul had put away those that had familiar spirits, and the wizards, out of the land. <span class="ver">4</span>And the Philistines gathered themselves together, and came and pitched in Shunem: and Saul gathered all Israel together, and they pitched in Gilboa. <span class="ver">5</span>And when Saul saw the host of the Philistines, he was afraid, and his heart greatly trembled. <span class="ver">6</span>And wheM
n Saul enquired of the LORD, the LORD answered him not, neither by dreams, nor by Urim, nor by prophets. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Then said Saul unto his servants, Seek me a woman that hath a familiar spirit, that I may go to her, and enquire of her. And his servants said to him, Behold, there is a woman that hath a familiar spirit at Endor. <span class="ver">8</span>And Saul disguised himself, and put on other raiment, and he went, and two men with him, and they came to the woman by night: and he said, M
I pray thee, divine unto me by the familiar spirit, and bring me him up, whom I shall name unto thee. <span class="ver">9</span>And the woman said unto him, Behold, thou knowest what Saul hath done, how he hath cut off those that have familiar spirits, and the wizards, out of the land: wherefore then layest thou a snare for my life, to cause me to die? <span class="ver">10</span>And Saul sware to her by the LORD, saying, As the LORD liveth, there shall no punishment happen to thee for this thing. <span class="ver">M
11</span>Then said the woman, Whom shall I bring up unto thee? And he said, Bring me up Samuel. <span class="ver">12</span>And when the woman saw Samuel, she cried with a loud voice: and the woman spake to Saul, saying, Why hast thou deceived me? for thou art Saul. <span class="ver">13</span>And the king said unto her, Be not afraid: for what sawest thou? And the woman said unto Saul, I saw gods ascending out of the earth. <span class="ver">14</span>And he said unto her, What form is he of? And she said, An old manM
cometh up; and he is covered with a mantle. And Saul perceived that it was Samuel, and he stooped with his face to the ground, and bowed himself. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And Samuel said to Saul, Why hast thou disquieted me, to bring me up? And Saul answered, I am sore distressed; for the Philistines make war against me, and God is departed from me, and answereth me no more, neither by prophets, nor by dreams: therefore I have called thee, that thou mayest make known unto me what I shall do. <span clasM
s="ver">16</span>Then said Samuel, Wherefore then dost thou ask of me, seeing the LORD is departed from thee, and is become thine enemy? <span class="ver">17</span>And the LORD hath done to him, as he spake by me: for the LORD hath rent the kingdom out of thine hand, and given it to thy neighbour, even to David: <span class="ver">18</span>Because thou obeyedst not the voice of the LORD, nor executedst his fierce wrath upon Amalek, therefore hath the LORD done this thing unto thee this day. <span class="ver">19</spaM
n>Moreover the LORD will also deliver Israel with thee into the hand of the Philistines: and to morrow shalt thou and thy sons be with me: the LORD also shall deliver the host of Israel into the hand of the Philistines. <span class="ver">20</span>Then Saul fell straightway all along on the earth, and was sore afraid, because of the words of Samuel: and there was no strength in him; for he had eaten no bread all the day, nor all the night. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And the woman came unto Saul, and saw thM
at he was sore troubled, and said unto him, Behold, thine handmaid hath obeyed thy voice, and I have put my life in my hand, and have hearkened unto thy words which thou spakest unto me. <span class="ver">22</span>Now therefore, I pray thee, hearken thou also unto the voice of thine handmaid, and let me set a morsel of bread before thee; and eat, that thou mayest have strength, when thou goest on thy way. <span class="ver">23</span>But he refused, and said, I will not eat. But his servants, together with the woman,M
compelled him; and he hearkened unto their voice. So he arose from the earth, and sat upon the bed. <span class="ver">24</span>And the woman had a fat calf in the house; and she hasted, and killed it, and took flour, and kneaded it, and did bake unleavened bread thereof: <span class="ver">25</span>And she brought it before Saul, and before his servants; and they did eat. Then they rose up, and went away that night.
<h2 id="c29">Chapter 29</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now the Philistines gathered togetheM
r all their armies to Aphek: and the Israelites pitched by a fountain which is in Jezreel. <span class="ver">2</span>And the lords of the Philistines passed on by hundreds, and by thousands: but David and his men passed on in the rereward with Achish. <span class="ver">3</span>Then said the princes of the Philistines, What do these Hebrews here? And Achish said unto the princes of the Philistines, Is not this David, the servant of Saul the king of Israel, which hath been with me these days, or these years, and I haM
ve found no fault in him since he fell unto me unto this day? <span class="ver">4</span>And the princes of the Philistines were wroth with him; and the princes of the Philistines said unto him, Make this fellow return, that he may go again to his place which thou hast appointed him, and let him not go down with us to battle, lest in the battle he be an adversary to us: for wherewith should he reconcile himself unto his master? should it not be with the heads of these men? <span class="ver">5</span>Is not this DavidM
, of whom they sang one to another in dances, saying, Saul slew his thousands, and David his ten thousands? </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Then Achish called David, and said unto him, Surely, as the LORD liveth, thou hast been upright, and thy going out and thy coming in with me in the host is good in my sight: for I have not found evil in thee since the day of thy coming unto me unto this day: nevertheless the lords favour thee not. <span class="ver">7</span>Wherefore now return, and go in peace, that thou diM
splease not the lords of the Philistines. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And David said unto Achish, But what have I done? and what hast thou found in thy servant so long as I have been with thee unto this day, that I may not go fight against the enemies of my lord the king? <span class="ver">9</span>And Achish answered and said to David, I know that thou art good in my sight, as an angel of God: notwithstanding the princes of the Philistines have said, He shall not go up with us to the battle. <span class="veM
r">10</span>Wherefore now rise up early in the morning with thy master
s servants that are come with thee: and as soon as ye be up early in the morning, and have light, depart. <span class="ver">11</span>So David and his men rose up early to depart in the morning, to return into the land of the Philistines. And the Philistines went up to Jezreel.
<h2 id="c30">Chapter 30</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass, when David and his men were come to Ziklag on the third day, that the Amalekites hadM
invaded the south, and Ziklag, and smitten Ziklag, and burned it with fire; <span class="ver">2</span>And had taken the women captives, that were therein: they slew not any, either great or small, but carried them away, and went on their way. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>So David and his men came to the city, and, behold, it was burned with fire; and their wives, and their sons, and their daughters, were taken captives. <span class="ver">4</span>Then David and the people that were with him lifted up their vM
oice and wept, until they had no more power to weep. <span class="ver">5</span>And David
s two wives were taken captives, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite. <span class="ver">6</span>And David was greatly distressed; for the people spake of stoning him, because the soul of all the people was grieved, every man for his sons and for his daughters: but David encouraged himself in the LORD his God. <span class="ver">7</span>And David said to Abiathar the priest, Ahimelech
I pray thee, bring me hither the ephod. And Abiathar brought thither the ephod to David. <span class="ver">8</span>And David enquired at the LORD, saying, Shall I pursue after this troop? shall I overtake them? And he answered him, Pursue: for thou shalt surely overtake them, and without fail recover all. <span class="ver">9</span>So David went, he and the six hundred men that were with him, and came to the brook Besor, where those that were left behind stayed. <span class="ver">10</span>But David pursued, he and fM
our hundred men: for two hundred abode behind, which were so faint that they could not go over the brook Besor. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And they found an Egyptian in the field, and brought him to David, and gave him bread, and he did eat; and they made him drink water; <span class="ver">12</span>And they gave him a piece of a cake of figs, and two clusters of raisins: and when he had eaten, his spirit came again to him: for he had eaten no bread, nor drunk any water, three days and three nights. <span M
class="ver">13</span>And David said unto him, To whom belongest thou? and whence art thou? And he said, I am a young man of Egypt, servant to an Amalekite; and my master left me, because three days agone I fell sick. <span class="ver">14</span>We made an invasion upon the south of the Cherethites, and upon the coast which belongeth to Judah, and upon the south of Caleb; and we burned Ziklag with fire. <span class="ver">15</span>And David said to him, Canst thou bring me down to this company? And he said, Swear untoM
me by God, that thou wilt neither kill me, nor deliver me into the hands of my master, and I will bring thee down to this company. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And when he had brought him down, behold, they were spread abroad upon all the earth, eating and drinking, and dancing, because of all the great spoil that they had taken out of the land of the Philistines, and out of the land of Judah. <span class="ver">17</span>And David smote them from the twilight even unto the evening of the next day: and thereM
escaped not a man of them, save four hundred young men, which rode upon camels, and fled. <span class="ver">18</span>And David recovered all that the Amalekites had carried away: and David rescued his two wives. <span class="ver">19</span>And there was nothing lacking to them, neither small nor great, neither sons nor daughters, neither spoil, nor any thing that they had taken to them: David recovered all. <span class="ver">20</span>And David took all the flocks and the herds, which they drave before those other cM
attle, and said, This is David
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And David came to the two hundred men, which were so faint that they could not follow David, whom they had made also to abide at the brook Besor: and they went forth to meet David, and to meet the people that were with him: and when David came near to the people, he saluted them. <span class="ver">22</span>Then answered all the wicked men and men of Belial, of those that went with David, and said, Because they went not with us, we will nM
ot give them ought of the spoil that we have recovered, save to every man his wife and his children, that they may lead them away, and depart. <span class="ver">23</span>Then said David, Ye shall not do so, my brethren, with that which the LORD hath given us, who hath preserved us, and delivered the company that came against us into our hand. <span class="ver">24</span>For who will hearken unto you in this matter? but as his part is that goeth down to the battle, so shall his part be that tarrieth by the stuff: theM
y shall part alike. <span class="ver">25</span>And it was so from that day forward, that he made it a statute and an ordinance for Israel unto this day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>And when David came to Ziklag, he sent of the spoil unto the elders of Judah, even to his friends, saying, Behold a present for you of the spoil of the enemies of the LORD; <span class="ver">27</span>To them which were in Beth-el, and to them which were in south Ramoth, and to them which were in Jattir, <span class="ver">28</spM
an>And to them which were in Aroer, and to them which were in Siphmoth, and to them which were in Eshtemoa, <span class="ver">29</span>And to them which were in Rachal, and to them which were in the cities of the Jerahmeelites, and to them which were in the cities of the Kenites, <span class="ver">30</span>And to them which were in Hormah, and to them which were in Chor-ashan, and to them which were in Athach, <span class="ver">31</span>And to them which were in Hebron, and to all the places where David himself andM
his men were wont to haunt.
<h2 id="c31">Chapter 31</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now the Philistines fought against Israel: and the men of Israel fled from before the Philistines, and fell down slain in mount Gilboa. <span class="ver">2</span>And the Philistines followed hard upon Saul and upon his sons; and the Philistines slew Jonathan, and Abinadab, and Malchi-shua, Saul
s sons. <span class="ver">3</span>And the battle went sore against Saul, and the archers hit him; and he was sore wounded of the M
archers. <span class="ver">4</span>Then said Saul unto his armourbearer, Draw thy sword, and thrust me through therewith; lest these uncircumcised come and thrust me through, and abuse me. But his armourbearer would not; for he was sore afraid. Therefore Saul took a sword, and fell upon it. <span class="ver">5</span>And when his armourbearer saw that Saul was dead, he fell likewise upon his sword, and died with him. <span class="ver">6</span>So Saul died, and his three sons, and his armourbearer, and all his men, tM
hat same day together. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And when the men of Israel that were on the other side of the valley, and they that were on the other side Jordan, saw that the men of Israel fled, and that Saul and his sons were dead, they forsook the cities, and fled; and the Philistines came and dwelt in them. <span class="ver">8</span>And it came to pass on the morrow, when the Philistines came to strip the slain, that they found Saul and his three sons fallen in mount Gilboa. <span class="ver">9</spanM
>And they cut off his head, and stripped off his armour, and sent into the land of the Philistines round about, to publish it in the house of their idols, and among the people. <span class="ver">10</span>And they put his armour in the house of Ashtaroth: and they fastened his body to the wall of Beth-shan. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And when the inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead heard of that which the Philistines had done to Saul; <span class="ver">12</span>All the valiant men arose, and went all night, and tMm
ook the body of Saul and the bodies of his sons from the wall of Beth-shan, and came to Jabesh, and burnt them there. <span class="ver">13</span>And they took their bones, and buried them under a tree at Jabesh, and fasted seven days. </p>
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<title>BOOK OF PSALMS</title>
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<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</aM
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="#c10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="#c11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="#c12">12</a></li>
<li><a href="#c13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="#c14">14</a></li>
<li><a href="#c15">15</a></li>
<li><a href="#c16">1M
<li><a href="#c17">17</a></li>
<li><a href="#c18">18</a></li>
<li><a href="#c19">19</a></li>
<li><a href="#c20">20</a></li>
<li><a href="#c21">21</a></li>
<li><a href="#c22">22</a></li>
<li><a href="#c23">23</a></li>
<li><a href="#c24">24</a></li>
<li><a href="#c25">25</a></li>
<li><a href="#c26">26</a></li>
<li><a href="#c27">27</a></li>
<li><a href="#c28">28</a></li>
<li><a href="#c29">29</a></li>
<li><a href="#c30">30</a></li>
<li><a href="#c31">31</a></li>
<li><a href="#c32">32</a></li>
<li><a href="#c33">33</a></li>
<li><a href="#c34">34</a></li>
<li><a href="#c35">35</a></li>
<li><a href="#c36">36</a></li>
<li><a href="#c37">37</a></li>
<li><a href="#c38">38</a></li>
<li><a href="#c39">39</a></li>
<li><a href="#c40">40</a></li>
<li><a href="#c41">41</a></li>
<li><a href="#c42">42</a></li>
<li><a href="#c43">43</a></li>
<li><a href="#c44">44</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4M
<li><a href="#c46">46</a></li>
<li><a href="#c47">47</a></li>
<li><a href="#c48">48</a></li>
<li><a href="#c49">49</a></li>
<li><a href="#c50">50</a></li>
<li><a href="#c51">51</a></li>
<li><a href="#c52">52</a></li>
<li><a href="#c53">53</a></li>
<li><a href="#c54">54</a></li>
<li><a href="#c55">55</a></li>
<li><a href="#c56">56</a></li>
<li><a href="#c57">57</a></li>
<li><a href="#c58">58</a></li>
<li><a href="#c59">59</a></li>
<li><a href="#c60">60</a></li>
<li><a href="#c61">61</a></li>
<li><a href="#c62">62</a></li>
<li><a href="#c63">63</a></li>
<li><a href="#c64">64</a></li>
<li><a href="#c65">65</a></li>
<li><a href="#c66">66</a></li>
<li><a href="#c67">67</a></li>
<li><a href="#c68">68</a></li>
<li><a href="#c69">69</a></li>
<li><a href="#c70">70</a></li>
<li><a href="#c71">71</a></li>
<li><a href="#c72">72</a></li>
<li><a href="#c73">73</a></li>
<li><a href="#c75">75</a></li>
<li><a href="#c76">76</a></li>
<li><a href="#c77">77</a></li>
<li><a href="#c78">78</a></li>
<li><a href="#c79">79</a></li>
<li><a href="#c80">80</a></li>
<li><a href="#c81">81</a></li>
<li><a href="#c82">82</a></li>
<li><a href="#c83">83</a></li>
<li><a href="#c84">84</a></li>
<li><a href="#c85">85</a></li>
<li><a href="#c86">86</a></li>
<li><a href="#c87">87</a></li>
<li><a href="#c88">88</a></lM
<li><a href="#c89">89</a></li>
<li><a href="#c90">90</a></li>
<li><a href="#c91">91</a></li>
<li><a href="#c92">92</a></li>
<li><a href="#c93">93</a></li>
<li><a href="#c94">94</a></li>
<li><a href="#c95">95</a></li>
<li><a href="#c96">96</a></li>
<li><a href="#c97">97</a></li>
<li><a href="#c98">98</a></li>
<li><a href="#c99">99</a></li>
<li><a href="#c100">100</a></li>
<li><a href="#c101">101</a></li>
<li><a href="#c102">102</a></li>
i><a href="#c103">103</a></li>
<li><a href="#c104">104</a></li>
<li><a href="#c105">105</a></li>
<li><a href="#c106">106</a></li>
<li><a href="#c107">107</a></li>
<li><a href="#c108">108</a></li>
<li><a href="#c109">109</a></li>
<li><a href="#c110">110</a></li>
<li><a href="#c111">111</a></li>
<li><a href="#c112">112</a></li>
<li><a href="#c113">113</a></li>
<li><a href="#c114">114</a></li>
<li><a href="#c115">115</a></li>
<li><a href="#c116">116</a><M
<li><a href="#c117">117</a></li>
<li><a href="#c118">118</a></li>
<li><a href="#c119">119</a></li>
<li><a href="#c120">120</a></li>
<li><a href="#c121">121</a></li>
<li><a href="#c122">122</a></li>
<li><a href="#c123">123</a></li>
<li><a href="#c124">124</a></li>
<li><a href="#c125">125</a></li>
<li><a href="#c126">126</a></li>
<li><a href="#c127">127</a></li>
<li><a href="#c128">128</a></li>
<li><a href="#c129">129</a></li>
<li><a href="#c1M
<li><a href="#c131">131</a></li>
<li><a href="#c132">132</a></li>
<li><a href="#c133">133</a></li>
<li><a href="#c134">134</a></li>
<li><a href="#c135">135</a></li>
<li><a href="#c136">136</a></li>
<li><a href="#c137">137</a></li>
<li><a href="#c138">138</a></li>
<li><a href="#c139">139</a></li>
<li><a href="#c140">140</a></li>
<li><a href="#c141">141</a></li>
<li><a href="#c142">142</a></li>
<li><a href="#c143">143</a></li>
<a href="#c144">144</a></li>
<li><a href="#c145">145</a></li>
<li><a href="#c146">146</a></li>
<li><a href="#c147">147</a></li>
<li><a href="#c148">148</a></li>
<li><a href="#c149">149</a></li>
<li><a href="#c150">150</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Psalm 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Blessed is the man that walketh not in the counsel of the ungodly, nor standeth in the way of sinners, nor sitteth in the seat of the scornful. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>BuM
t his delight is in the law of the LORD; and in his law doth he meditate day and night. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And he shall be like a tree planted by the rivers of water, that bringeth forth his fruit in his season; his leaf also shall not wither; and whatsoever he doeth shall prosper. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>The ungodly are not so: but are like the chaff which the wind driveth away. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Therefore the ungodly shall not stand in the judgment, nor sinners inM
the congregation of the righteous. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>For the LORD knoweth the way of the righteous: but the way of the ungodly shall perish. </p>
<h2 id="c2">Psalm 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Why do the heathen rage, and the people imagine a vain thing? </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD, and against his anointed, saying, </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Let us break their bands asuM
nder, and cast away their cords from us. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>He that sitteth in the heavens shall laugh: the Lord shall have them in derision. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Then shall he speak unto them in his wrath, and vex them in his sore displeasure. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Yet have I set my king upon my holy hill of Zion. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>I will declare the decree: the LORD hath said unto me, Thou art my Son; this day have I begotten thee. </p>
an class="ver">8</span>Ask of me, and I shall give thee the heathen for thine inheritance, and the uttermost parts of the earth for thy possession. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron; thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Be wise now therefore, O ye kings: be instructed, ye judges of the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Serve the LORD with fear, and rejoice with trembling. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12<M
/span>Kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and ye perish from the way, when his wrath is kindled but a little. Blessed are all they that put their trust in him. </p>
<h2 id="c3">Psalm 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm of David, when he fled from Absalom his son. LORD, how are they increased that trouble me! many are they that rise up against me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Many there be which say of my soul, There is no help for him in God. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>But thou, M
O LORD, art a shield for me; my glory, and the lifter up of mine head. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>I cried unto the LORD with my voice, and he heard me out of his holy hill. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>I laid me down and slept; I awaked; for the LORD sustained me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>I will not be afraid of ten thousands of people, that have set themselves against me round about. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Arise, O LORD; save me, O my God: for thou hast smitten alM
l mine enemies upon the cheek bone; thou hast broken the teeth of the ungodly. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Salvation belongeth unto the LORD: thy blessing is upon thy people. Selah. </p>
<h2 id="c4">Psalm 4</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician on Neginoth, A Psalm of David. Hear me when I call, O God of my righteousness: thou hast enlarged me when I was in distress; have mercy upon me, and hear my prayer. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>O ye sons of men, how long will ye turnM
my glory into shame? how long will ye love vanity, and seek after leasing? Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>But know that the LORD hath set apart him that is godly for himself: the LORD will hear when I call unto him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Stand in awe, and sin not: commune with your own heart upon your bed, and be still. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Offer the sacrifices of righteousness, and put your trust in the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>There be many thaM
t say, Who will shew us any good? LORD, lift thou up the light of thy countenance upon us. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Thou hast put gladness in my heart, more than in the time that their corn and their wine increased. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>I will both lay me down in peace, and sleep: for thou, LORD, only makest me dwell in safety. </p>
<h2 id="c5">Psalm 5</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician upon Nehiloth, A Psalm of David. Give ear to my words, O LORD, consider myM
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Hearken unto the voice of my cry, my King, and my God: for unto thee will I pray. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>My voice shalt thou hear in the morning, O LORD; in the morning will I direct my prayer unto thee, and will look up. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>For thou art not a God that hath pleasure in wickedness: neither shall evil dwell with thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>The foolish shall not stand in thy sight: thou hatest all workers oM
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Thou shalt destroy them that speak leasing: the LORD will abhor the bloody and deceitful man. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>But as for me, I will come into thy house in the multitude of thy mercy: and in thy fear will I worship toward thy holy temple. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Lead me, O LORD, in thy righteousness because of mine enemies; make thy way straight before my face. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>For there is no faithfulness in theirM
mouth; their inward part is very wickedness; their throat is an open sepulchre; they flatter with their tongue. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Destroy thou them, O God; let them fall by their own counsels; cast them out in the multitude of their transgressions; for they have rebelled against thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>But let all those that put their trust in thee rejoice: let them ever shout for joy, because thou defendest them: let them also that love thy name be joyful in thee. </p>
p><span class="ver">12</span>For thou, LORD, wilt bless the righteous; with favour wilt thou compass him as with a shield. </p>
<h2 id="c6">Psalm 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician on Neginoth upon Sheminith, A Psalm of David. O LORD, rebuke me not in thine anger, neither chasten me in thy hot displeasure. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Have mercy upon me, O LORD; for I am weak: O LORD, heal me; for my bones are vexed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>My soul is also sore vexM
ed: but thou, O LORD, how long? </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Return, O LORD, deliver my soul: oh save me for thy mercies
<p><span class="ver">5</span>For in death there is no remembrance of thee: in the grave who shall give thee thanks? </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>I am weary with my groaning; all the night make I my bed to swim; I water my couch with my tears. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Mine eye is consumed because of grief; it waxeth old because of all mine enemies. </p>M
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Depart from me, all ye workers of iniquity; for the LORD hath heard the voice of my weeping. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>The LORD hath heard my supplication; the LORD will receive my prayer. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Let all mine enemies be ashamed and sore vexed: let them return and be ashamed suddenly. </p>
<h2 id="c7">Psalm 7</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Shiggaion of David, which he sang unto the LORD, concerning the words of Cush the Benjamite. OM
LORD my God, in thee do I put my trust: save me from all them that persecute me, and deliver me: </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Lest he tear my soul like a lion, rending it in pieces, while there is none to deliver. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>O LORD my God, if I have done this; if there be iniquity in my hands; </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>If I have rewarded evil unto him that was at peace with me; (yea, I have delivered him that without cause is mine enemy:) </p>
<p><span class="ver">5<M
/span>Let the enemy persecute my soul, and take it; yea, let him tread down my life upon the earth, and lay mine honour in the dust. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Arise, O LORD, in thine anger, lift up thyself because of the rage of mine enemies: and awake for me to the judgment that thou hast commanded. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>So shall the congregation of the people compass thee about: for their sakes therefore return thou on high. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>The LORD shall judgM
e the people: judge me, O LORD, according to my righteousness, and according to mine integrity that is in me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Oh let the wickedness of the wicked come to an end; but establish the just: for the righteous God trieth the hearts and reins. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>My defence is of God, which saveth the upright in heart. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>God judgeth the righteous, and God is angry with the wicked every day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>If hM
e turn not, he will whet his sword; he hath bent his bow, and made it ready. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>He hath also prepared for him the instruments of death; he ordaineth his arrows against the persecutors. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Behold, he travaileth with iniquity, and hath conceived mischief, and brought forth falsehood. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>He made a pit, and digged it, and is fallen into the ditch which he made. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>His mischief shalM
l return upon his own head, and his violent dealing shall come down upon his own pate. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>I will praise the LORD according to his righteousness: and will sing praise to the name of the LORD most high. </p>
<h2 id="c8">Psalm 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician upon Gittith, A Psalm of David. O LORD our Lord, how excellent is thy name in all the earth! who hast set thy glory above the heavens. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Out of the mouth of babeM
s and sucklings hast thou ordained strength because of thine enemies, that thou mightest still the enemy and the avenger. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained; </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>What is man, that thou art mindful of him? and the son of man, that thou visitest him? </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>For thou hast made him a little lower than the angels, and hast crowned him with glory and honouM
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Thou madest him to have dominion over the works of thy hands; thou hast put all things under his feet: </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>All sheep and oxen, yea, and the beasts of the field; </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>The fowl of the air, and the fish of the sea, and whatsoever passeth through the paths of the seas. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>O LORD our Lord, how excellent is thy name in all the earth! </p>
<h2 id="c9">Psalm 9</h2>
="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician upon Muthlabben, A Psalm of David. I will praise thee, O LORD, with my whole heart; I will shew forth all thy marvellous works. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>I will be glad and rejoice in thee: I will sing praise to thy name, O thou most High. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>When mine enemies are turned back, they shall fall and perish at thy presence. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>For thou hast maintained my right and my cause; thou satest in the throne judgiM
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Thou hast rebuked the heathen, thou hast destroyed the wicked, thou hast put out their name for ever and ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>O thou enemy, destructions are come to a perpetual end: and thou hast destroyed cities; their memorial is perished with them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>But the LORD shall endure for ever: he hath prepared his throne for judgment. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And he shall judge the world in righteousness, M
he shall minister judgment to the people in uprightness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>The LORD also will be a refuge for the oppressed, a refuge in times of trouble. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And they that know thy name will put their trust in thee: for thou, LORD, hast not forsaken them that seek thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Sing praises to the LORD, which dwelleth in Zion: declare among the people his doings. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>When he maketh inquisition for bM
lood, he remembereth them: he forgetteth not the cry of the humble. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Have mercy upon me, O LORD; consider my trouble which I suffer of them that hate me, thou that liftest me up from the gates of death: </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>That I may shew forth all thy praise in the gates of the daughter of Zion: I will rejoice in thy salvation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>The heathen are sunk down in the pit that they made: in the net which they hid is their own footM
<p><span class="ver">16</span>The LORD is known by the judgment which he executeth: the wicked is snared in the work of his own hands. Higgaion. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>The wicked shall be turned into hell, and all the nations that forget God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>For the needy shall not alway be forgotten: the expectation of the poor shall not perish for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Arise, O LORD; let not man prevail: let the heathen be judged inM
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Put them in fear, O LORD: that the nations may know themselves to be but men. Selah. </p>
<h2 id="c10">Psalm 10</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Why standest thou afar off, O LORD? why hidest thou thyself in times of trouble? </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>The wicked in his pride doth persecute the poor: let them be taken in the devices that they have imagined. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>For the wicked boasteth of his heart
esseth the covetous, whom the LORD abhorreth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>The wicked, through the pride of his countenance, will not seek after God: God is not in all his thoughts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>His ways are always grievous; thy judgments are far above out of his sight: as for all his enemies, he puffeth at them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>He hath said in his heart, I shall not be moved: for I shall never be in adversity. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>His mouth is fuM
ll of cursing and deceit and fraud: under his tongue is mischief and vanity. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>He sitteth in the lurking places of the villages: in the secret places doth he murder the innocent: his eyes are privily set against the poor. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>He lieth in wait secretly as a lion in his den: he lieth in wait to catch the poor: he doth catch the poor, when he draweth him into his net. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>He croucheth, and humbleth himself, that the pM
oor may fall by his strong ones. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>He hath said in his heart, God hath forgotten: he hideth his face; he will never see it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Arise, O LORD; O God, lift up thine hand: forget not the humble. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Wherefore doth the wicked contemn God? he hath said in his heart, Thou wilt not require it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Thou hast seen it; for thou beholdest mischief and spite, to requite it with thy hand: thM
e poor committeth himself unto thee; thou art the helper of the fatherless. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Break thou the arm of the wicked and the evil man: seek out his wickedness till thou find none. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>The LORD is King for ever and ever: the heathen are perished out of his land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>LORD, thou hast heard the desire of the humble: thou wilt prepare their heart, thou wilt cause thine ear to hear: </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>To jM
udge the fatherless and the oppressed, that the man of the earth may no more oppress. </p>
<h2 id="c11">Psalm 11</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. In the LORD put I my trust: how say ye to my soul, Flee as a bird to your mountain? </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>For, lo, the wicked bend their bow, they make ready their arrow upon the string, that they may privily shoot at the upright in heart. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>If the foundations be destroyed, M
what can the righteous do? </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>The LORD is in his holy temple, the LORD
s throne is in heaven: his eyes behold, his eyelids try, the children of men. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>The LORD trieth the righteous: but the wicked and him that loveth violence his soul hateth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Upon the wicked he shall rain snares, fire and brimstone, and an horrible tempest: this shall be the portion of their cup. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>For the rM
ighteous LORD loveth righteousness; his countenance doth behold the upright. </p>
<h2 id="c12">Psalm 12</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician upon Sheminith, A Psalm of David. Help, LORD; for the godly man ceaseth; for the faithful fail from among the children of men. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>They speak vanity every one with his neighbour: with flattering lips and with a double heart do they speak. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>The LORD shall cut off all flattering lips, M
and the tongue that speaketh proud things: </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Who have said, With our tongue will we prevail; our lips are our own: who is lord over us? </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>For the oppression of the poor, for the sighing of the needy, now will I arise, saith the LORD; I will set him in safety from him that puffeth at him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>The words of the LORD are pure words: as silver tried in a furnace of earth, purified seven times. </p>
<p><span class="vM
er">7</span>Thou shalt keep them, O LORD, thou shalt preserve them from this generation for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>The wicked walk on every side, when the vilest men are exalted. </p>
<h2 id="c13">Psalm 13</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. How long wilt thou forget me, O LORD? for ever? how long wilt thou hide thy face from me? </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>How long shall I take counsel in my soul, having sorrow in my heart daily? how long sM
hall mine enemy be exalted over me? </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Consider and hear me, O LORD my God: lighten mine eyes, lest I sleep the sleep of death; </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Lest mine enemy say, I have prevailed against him; and those that trouble me rejoice when I am moved. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>But I have trusted in thy mercy; my heart shall rejoice in thy salvation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>I will sing unto the LORD, because he hath dealt bountifully with me. <M
<h2 id="c14">Psalm 14</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God. They are corrupt, they have done abominable works, there is none that doeth good. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>The LORD looked down from heaven upon the children of men, to see if there were any that did understand, and seek God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>They are all gone aside, they are all together become filthy: there is none that doeth M
good, no, not one. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Have all the workers of iniquity no knowledge? who eat up my people as they eat bread, and call not upon the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>There were they in great fear: for God is in the generation of the righteous. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Ye have shamed the counsel of the poor, because the LORD is his refuge. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Oh that the salvation of Israel were come out of Zion! when the LORD bringeth back the cM
aptivity of his people, Jacob shall rejoice, and Israel shall be glad. </p>
<h2 id="c15">Psalm 15</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm of David. LORD, who shall abide in thy tabernacle? who shall dwell in thy holy hill? </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>He that walketh uprightly, and worketh righteousness, and speaketh the truth in his heart. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>He that backbiteth not with his tongue, nor doeth evil to his neighbour, nor taketh up a reproach against his neighbour. </M
<p><span class="ver">4</span>In whose eyes a vile person is contemned; but he honoureth them that fear the LORD. He that sweareth to his own hurt, and changeth not. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>He that putteth not out his money to usury, nor taketh reward against the innocent. He that doeth these things shall never be moved. </p>
<h2 id="c16">Psalm 16</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Michtam of David. Preserve me, O God: for in thee do I put my trust. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>O my M
soul, thou hast said unto the LORD, Thou art my Lord: my goodness extendeth not to thee; </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>But to the saints that are in the earth, and to the excellent, in whom is all my delight. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Their sorrows shall be multiplied that hasten after another god: their drink offerings of blood will I not offer, nor take up their names into my lips. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>The LORD is the portion of mine inheritance and of my cup: thou maintainest myM
<p><span class="ver">6</span>The lines are fallen unto me in pleasant places; yea, I have a goodly heritage. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>I will bless the LORD, who hath given me counsel: my reins also instruct me in the night seasons. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>I have set the LORD always before me: because he is at my right hand, I shall not be moved. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Therefore my heart is glad, and my glory rejoiceth: my flesh also shall rest in hope. </p>
><span class="ver">10</span>For thou wilt not leave my soul in hell; neither wilt thou suffer thine Holy One to see corruption. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Thou wilt shew me the path of life: in thy presence is fulness of joy; at thy right hand there are pleasures for evermore. </p>
<h2 id="c17">Psalm 17</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Prayer of David. Hear the right, O LORD, attend unto my cry, give ear unto my prayer, that goeth not out of feigned lips. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>LeM
t my sentence come forth from thy presence; let thine eyes behold the things that are equal. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Thou hast proved mine heart; thou hast visited me in the night; thou hast tried me, and shalt find nothing; I am purposed that my mouth shall not transgress. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Concerning the works of men, by the word of thy lips I have kept me from the paths of the destroyer. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Hold up my goings in thy paths, that my footsteps slip noM
<p><span class="ver">6</span>I have called upon thee, for thou wilt hear me, O God: incline thine ear unto me, and hear my speech. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Shew thy marvellous lovingkindness, O thou that savest by thy right hand them which put their trust in thee from those that rise up against them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Keep me as the apple of the eye, hide me under the shadow of thy wings, </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>From the wicked that oppress me, from my deadly M
enemies, who compass me about. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>They are inclosed in their own fat: with their mouth they speak proudly. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>They have now compassed us in our steps: they have set their eyes bowing down to the earth; </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Like as a lion that is greedy of his prey, and as it were a young lion lurking in secret places. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Arise, O LORD, disappoint him, cast him down: deliver my soul from the wickM
ed, which is thy sword: </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>From men which are thy hand, O LORD, from men of the world, which have their portion in this life, and whose belly thou fillest with thy hid treasure: they are full of children, and leave the rest of their substance to their babes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>As for me, I will behold thy face in righteousness: I shall be satisfied, when I awake, with thy likeness. </p>
<h2 id="c18">Psalm 18</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief M
Musician, A Psalm of David, the servant of the LORD, who spake unto the LORD the words of this song in the day that the LORD delivered him from the hand of all his enemies, and from the hand of Saul: And he said, I will love thee, O LORD, my strength. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>The LORD is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my strength, in whom I will trust; my buckler, and the horn of my salvation, and my high tower. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>I will call upon the LORD, who is M
worthy to be praised: so shall I be saved from mine enemies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>The sorrows of death compassed me, and the floods of ungodly men made me afraid. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>The sorrows of hell compassed me about: the snares of death prevented me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>In my distress I called upon the LORD, and cried unto my God: he heard my voice out of his temple, and my cry came before him, even into his ears. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Then the M
earth shook and trembled; the foundations also of the hills moved and were shaken, because he was wroth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>There went up a smoke out of his nostrils, and fire out of his mouth devoured: coals were kindled by it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>He bowed the heavens also, and came down: and darkness was under his feet. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And he rode upon a cherub, and did fly: yea, he did fly upon the wings of the wind. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>HM
e made darkness his secret place; his pavilion round about him were dark waters and thick clouds of the skies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>At the brightness that was before him his thick clouds passed, hail stones and coals of fire. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>The LORD also thundered in the heavens, and the Highest gave his voice; hail stones and coals of fire. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Yea, he sent out his arrows, and scattered them; and he shot out lightnings, and discomfited them.M
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Then the channels of waters were seen, and the foundations of the world were discovered at thy rebuke, O LORD, at the blast of the breath of thy nostrils. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>He sent from above, he took me, he drew me out of many waters. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>He delivered me from my strong enemy, and from them which hated me: for they were too strong for me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>They prevented me in the day of my calamity: butM
the LORD was my stay. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>He brought me forth also into a large place; he delivered me, because he delighted in me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>The LORD rewarded me according to my righteousness; according to the cleanness of my hands hath he recompensed me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>For I have kept the ways of the LORD, and have not wickedly departed from my God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>For all his judgments were before me, and I did not put awM
ay his statutes from me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>I was also upright before him, and I kept myself from mine iniquity. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>Therefore hath the LORD recompensed me according to my righteousness, according to the cleanness of my hands in his eyesight. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>With the merciful thou wilt shew thyself merciful; with an upright man thou wilt shew thyself upright; </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>With the pure thou wilt shew thyself pure; anM
d with the froward thou wilt shew thyself froward. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>For thou wilt save the afflicted people; but wilt bring down high looks. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>For thou wilt light my candle: the LORD my God will enlighten my darkness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>For by thee I have run through a troop; and by my God have I leaped over a wall. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>As for God, his way is perfect: the word of the LORD is tried: he is a buckler to all thM
ose that trust in him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>For who is God save the LORD? or who is a rock save our God? </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>It is God that girdeth me with strength, and maketh my way perfect. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>He maketh my feet like hinds
feet, and setteth me upon my high places. </p>
<p><span class="ver">34</span>He teacheth my hands to war, so that a bow of steel is broken by mine arms. </p>
<p><span class="ver">35</span>Thou hast also given me the M
shield of thy salvation: and thy right hand hath holden me up, and thy gentleness hath made me great. </p>
<p><span class="ver">36</span>Thou hast enlarged my steps under me, that my feet did not slip. </p>
<p><span class="ver">37</span>I have pursued mine enemies, and overtaken them: neither did I turn again till they were consumed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">38</span>I have wounded them that they were not able to rise: they are fallen under my feet. </p>
<p><span class="ver">39</span>For thou hast girdM
ed me with strength unto the battle: thou hast subdued under me those that rose up against me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">40</span>Thou hast also given me the necks of mine enemies; that I might destroy them that hate me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">41</span>They cried, but there was none to save them: even unto the LORD, but he answered them not. </p>
<p><span class="ver">42</span>Then did I beat them small as the dust before the wind: I did cast them out as the dirt in the streets. </p>
<p><span class="vM
er">43</span>Thou hast delivered me from the strivings of the people; and thou hast made me the head of the heathen: a people whom I have not known shall serve me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">44</span>As soon as they hear of me, they shall obey me: the strangers shall submit themselves unto me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">45</span>The strangers shall fade away, and be afraid out of their close places. </p>
<p><span class="ver">46</span>The LORD liveth; and blessed be my rock; and let the God of my salvation beM
<p><span class="ver">47</span>It is God that avengeth me, and subdueth the people under me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">48</span>He delivereth me from mine enemies: yea, thou liftest me up above those that rise up against me: thou hast delivered me from the violent man. </p>
<p><span class="ver">49</span>Therefore will I give thanks unto thee, O LORD, among the heathen, and sing praises unto thy name. </p>
<p><span class="ver">50</span>Great deliverance giveth he to his king; and sheweth meM
rcy to his anointed, to David, and to his seed for evermore. </p>
<h2 id="c19">Psalm 19</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament sheweth his handywork. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Day unto day uttereth speech, and night unto night sheweth knowledge. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>There is no speech nor language, where their voice is not heard. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Their line is gone out thM
rough all the earth, and their words to the end of the world. In them hath he set a tabernacle for the sun, </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Which is as a bridegroom coming out of his chamber, and rejoiceth as a strong man to run a race. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>His going forth is from the end of the heaven, and his circuit unto the ends of it: and there is nothing hid from the heat thereof. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>The law of the LORD is perfect, converting the soul: the testimony of thM
e LORD is sure, making wise the simple. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>The statutes of the LORD are right, rejoicing the heart: the commandment of the LORD is pure, enlightening the eyes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>The fear of the LORD is clean, enduring for ever: the judgments of the LORD are true and righteous altogether. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>More to be desired are they than gold, yea, than much fine gold: sweeter also than honey and the honeycomb. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11<M
/span>Moreover by them is thy servant warned: and in keeping of them there is great reward. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Who can understand his errors? cleanse thou me from secret faults. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Keep back thy servant also from presumptuous sins; let them not have dominion over me: then shall I be upright, and I shall be innocent from the great transgression. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Let the words of my mouth, and the meditation of my heart, be acceptable in thy sM
ight, O LORD, my strength, and my redeemer. </p>
<h2 id="c20">Psalm 20</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. The LORD hear thee in the day of trouble; the name of the God of Jacob defend thee; </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Send thee help from the sanctuary, and strengthen thee out of Zion; </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Remember all thy offerings, and accept thy burnt sacrifice; Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Grant thee according to thine own heaM
rt, and fulfil all thy counsel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>We will rejoice in thy salvation, and in the name of our God we will set up our banners: the LORD fulfil all thy petitions. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Now know I that the LORD saveth his anointed; he will hear him from his holy heaven with the saving strength of his right hand. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Some trust in chariots, and some in horses: but we will remember the name of the LORD our God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8M
</span>They are brought down and fallen: but we are risen, and stand upright. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Save, LORD: let the king hear us when we call. </p>
<h2 id="c21">Psalm 21</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. The king shall joy in thy strength, O LORD; and in thy salvation how greatly shall he rejoice! </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Thou hast given him his heart
s desire, and hast not withholden the request of his lips. Selah. </p>
ass="ver">3</span>For thou preventest him with the blessings of goodness: thou settest a crown of pure gold on his head. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>He asked life of thee, and thou gavest it him, even length of days for ever and ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>His glory is great in thy salvation: honour and majesty hast thou laid upon him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>For thou hast made him most blessed for ever: thou hast made him exceeding glad with thy countenance. </p>
ass="ver">7</span>For the king trusteth in the LORD, and through the mercy of the most High he shall not be moved. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Thine hand shall find out all thine enemies: thy right hand shall find out those that hate thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Thou shalt make them as a fiery oven in the time of thine anger: the LORD shall swallow them up in his wrath, and the fire shall devour them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Their fruit shalt thou destroy from the earth, and theM
ir seed from among the children of men. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>For they intended evil against thee: they imagined a mischievous device, which they are not able to perform. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Therefore shalt thou make them turn their back, when thou shalt make ready thine arrows upon thy strings against the face of them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Be thou exalted, LORD, in thine own strength: so will we sing and praise thy power. </p>
<h2 id="c22">Psalm 22</h2>
<span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician upon Aijeleth Shahar, A Psalm of David. My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? why art thou so far from helping me, and from the words of my roaring? </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>O my God, I cry in the daytime, but thou hearest not; and in the night season, and am not silent. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>But thou art holy, O thou that inhabitest the praises of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Our fathers trusted in thee: they trusted, aM
nd thou didst deliver them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>They cried unto thee, and were delivered: they trusted in thee, and were not confounded. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>But I am a worm, and no man; a reproach of men, and despised of the people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>All they that see me laugh me to scorn: they shoot out the lip, they shake the head, saying, </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>He trusted on the LORD that he would deliver him: let him deliver him, seeing he deligM
<p><span class="ver">9</span>But thou art he that took me out of the womb: thou didst make me hope when I was upon my mother
<p><span class="ver">10</span>I was cast upon thee from the womb: thou art my God from my mother
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Be not far from me; for trouble is near; for there is none to help. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Many bulls have compassed me: strong bulls of Bashan have beset me round. </p>
<p><span class="verM
">13</span>They gaped upon me with their mouths, as a ravening and a roaring lion. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>I am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint: my heart is like wax; it is melted in the midst of my bowels. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>My strength is dried up like a potsherd; and my tongue cleaveth to my jaws; and thou hast brought me into the dust of death. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>For dogs have compassed me: the assembly of the wicked have inclosed me: M
they pierced my hands and my feet. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>I may tell all my bones: they look and stare upon me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>They part my garments among them, and cast lots upon my vesture. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>But be not thou far from me, O LORD: O my strength, haste thee to help me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Deliver my soul from the sword; my darling from the power of the dog. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Save me from the lion
: for thou hast heard me from the horns of the unicorns. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>I will declare thy name unto my brethren: in the midst of the congregation will I praise thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>Ye that fear the LORD, praise him; all ye the seed of Jacob, glorify him; and fear him, all ye the seed of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>For he hath not despised nor abhorred the affliction of the afflicted; neither hath he hid his face from him; but when he cried unto him, hM
<p><span class="ver">25</span>My praise shall be of thee in the great congregation: I will pay my vows before them that fear him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>The meek shall eat and be satisfied: they shall praise the LORD that seek him: your heart shall live for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>All the ends of the world shall remember and turn unto the LORD: and all the kindreds of the nations shall worship before thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>For the kingdom is tM
s: and he is the governor among the nations. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>All they that be fat upon earth shall eat and worship: all they that go down to the dust shall bow before him: and none can keep alive his own soul. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>A seed shall serve him; it shall be accounted to the Lord for a generation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>They shall come, and shall declare his righteousness unto a people that shall be born, that he hath done this. </p>
="c23">Psalm 23</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm of David. The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>He maketh me to lie down in green pastures: he leadeth me beside the still waters. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>He restoreth my soul: he leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his name
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy stM
aff they comfort me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies: thou anointest my head with oil; my cup runneth over. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life: and I will dwell in the house of the LORD for ever. </p>
<h2 id="c24">Psalm 24</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm of David. The earth is the LORD
s, and the fulness thereof; the world, and they that dwell therein. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>For he hath founded it upon the seas, and established it upon the floods. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Who shall ascend into the hill of the LORD? or who shall stand in his holy place? </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>He that hath clean hands, and a pure heart; who hath not lifted up his soul unto vanity, nor sworn deceitfully. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>He shall receive the blessing from the LORD, and righteousness from the God of his salvation. </p>
lass="ver">6</span>This is the generation of them that seek him, that seek thy face, O Jacob. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Lift up your heads, O ye gates; and be ye lift up, ye everlasting doors; and the King of glory shall come in. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Who is this King of glory? The LORD strong and mighty, the LORD mighty in battle. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Lift up your heads, O ye gates; even lift them up, ye everlasting doors; and the King of glory shall come in. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Who is this King of glory? The LORD of hosts, he is the King of glory. Selah. </p>
<h2 id="c25">Psalm 25</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm of David. Unto thee, O LORD, do I lift up my soul. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>O my God, I trust in thee: let me not be ashamed, let not mine enemies triumph over me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Yea, let none that wait on thee be ashamed: let them be ashamed which transgress without cause. </p>
<p><span class="vM
er">4</span>Shew me thy ways, O LORD; teach me thy paths. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Lead me in thy truth, and teach me: for thou art the God of my salvation; on thee do I wait all the day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Remember, O LORD, thy tender mercies and thy lovingkindnesses; for they have been ever of old. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Remember not the sins of my youth, nor my transgressions: according to thy mercy remember thou me for thy goodness
ass="ver">8</span>Good and upright is the LORD: therefore will he teach sinners in the way. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>The meek will he guide in judgment: and the meek will he teach his way. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>All the paths of the LORD are mercy and truth unto such as keep his covenant and his testimonies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>For thy name
s sake, O LORD, pardon mine iniquity; for it is great. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>What man is he that feareth the LORD?M
him shall he teach in the way that he shall choose. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>His soul shall dwell at ease; and his seed shall inherit the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>The secret of the LORD is with them that fear him; and he will shew them his covenant. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Mine eyes are ever toward the LORD; for he shall pluck my feet out of the net. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Turn thee unto me, and have mercy upon me; for I am desolate and afflicted. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>The troubles of my heart are enlarged: O bring thou me out of my distresses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Look upon mine affliction and my pain; and forgive all my sins. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Consider mine enemies; for they are many; and they hate me with cruel hatred. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>O keep my soul, and deliver me: let me not be ashamed; for I put my trust in thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Let integrity and uprightness preM
serve me; for I wait on thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Redeem Israel, O God, out of all his troubles. </p>
<h2 id="c26">Psalm 26</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm of David. Judge me, O LORD; for I have walked in mine integrity: I have trusted also in the LORD; therefore I shall not slide. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Examine me, O LORD, and prove me; try my reins and my heart. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>For thy lovingkindness is before mine eyes: and I have walked in thM
<p><span class="ver">4</span>I have not sat with vain persons, neither will I go in with dissemblers. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>I have hated the congregation of evil doers; and will not sit with the wicked. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>I will wash mine hands in innocency: so will I compass thine altar, O LORD: </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>That I may publish with the voice of thanksgiving, and tell of all thy wondrous works. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>LORD, I havM
e loved the habitation of thy house, and the place where thine honour dwelleth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Gather not my soul with sinners, nor my life with bloody men: </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>In whose hands is mischief, and their right hand is full of bribes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>But as for me, I will walk in mine integrity: redeem me, and be merciful unto me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>My foot standeth in an even place: in the congregations will I bless the LORDM
<h2 id="c27">Psalm 27</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm of David. The LORD is my light and my salvation; whom shall I fear? the LORD is the strength of my life; of whom shall I be afraid? </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>When the wicked, even mine enemies and my foes, came upon me to eat up my flesh, they stumbled and fell. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Though an host should encamp against me, my heart shall not fear: though war should rise against me, in this will I be confident. <M
<p><span class="ver">4</span>One thing have I desired of the LORD, that will I seek after; that I may dwell in the house of the LORD all the days of my life, to behold the beauty of the LORD, and to enquire in his temple. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>For in the time of trouble he shall hide me in his pavilion: in the secret of his tabernacle shall he hide me; he shall set me up upon a rock. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And now shall mine head be lifted up above mine enemies round about me: thM
erefore will I offer in his tabernacle sacrifices of joy; I will sing, yea, I will sing praises unto the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Hear, O LORD, when I cry with my voice: have mercy also upon me, and answer me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>When thou saidst, Seek ye my face; my heart said unto thee, Thy face, LORD, will I seek. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Hide not thy face far from me; put not thy servant away in anger: thou hast been my help; leave me not, neither forsake me, O GodM
of my salvation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>When my father and my mother forsake me, then the LORD will take me up. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Teach me thy way, O LORD, and lead me in a plain path, because of mine enemies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Deliver me not over unto the will of mine enemies: for false witnesses are risen up against me, and such as breathe out cruelty. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>I had fainted, unless I had believed to see the goodness of the LORD M
in the land of the living. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Wait on the LORD: be of good courage, and he shall strengthen thine heart: wait, I say, on the LORD. </p>
<h2 id="c28">Psalm 28</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm of David. Unto thee will I cry, O LORD my rock; be not silent to me: lest, if thou be silent to me, I become like them that go down into the pit. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Hear the voice of my supplications, when I cry unto thee, when I lift up my hands toward thy hoM
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Draw me not away with the wicked, and with the workers of iniquity, which speak peace to their neighbours, but mischief is in their hearts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Give them according to their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their endeavours: give them after the work of their hands; render to them their desert. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Because they regard not the works of the LORD, nor the operation of his hands, he shall destroy theM
m, and not build them up. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Blessed be the LORD, because he hath heard the voice of my supplications. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>The LORD is my strength and my shield; my heart trusted in him, and I am helped: therefore my heart greatly rejoiceth; and with my song will I praise him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>The LORD is their strength, and he is the saving strength of his anointed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Save thy people, and bless thine inheritanM
ce: feed them also, and lift them up for ever. </p>
<h2 id="c29">Psalm 29</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm of David. Give unto the LORD, O ye mighty, give unto the LORD glory and strength. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Give unto the LORD the glory due unto his name; worship the LORD in the beauty of holiness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>The voice of the LORD is upon the waters: the God of glory thundereth: the LORD is upon many waters. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>The voice oM
f the LORD is powerful; the voice of the LORD is full of majesty. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>The voice of the LORD breaketh the cedars; yea, the LORD breaketh the cedars of Lebanon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>He maketh them also to skip like a calf; Lebanon and Sirion like a young unicorn. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>The voice of the LORD divideth the flames of fire. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>The voice of the LORD shaketh the wilderness; the LORD shaketh the wilderness of KadM
<p><span class="ver">9</span>The voice of the LORD maketh the hinds to calve, and discovereth the forests: and in his temple doth every one speak of his glory. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>The LORD sitteth upon the flood; yea, the LORD sitteth King for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>The LORD will give strength unto his people; the LORD will bless his people with peace. </p>
<h2 id="c30">Psalm 30</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm and Song at the dedication of the houM
se of David. I will extol thee, O LORD; for thou hast lifted me up, and hast not made my foes to rejoice over me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>O LORD my God, I cried unto thee, and thou hast healed me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>O LORD, thou hast brought up my soul from the grave: thou hast kept me alive, that I should not go down to the pit. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Sing unto the LORD, O ye saints of his, and give thanks at the remembrance of his holiness. </p>
<p><span class="ver"M
>5</span>For his anger endureth but a moment; in his favour is life: weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And in my prosperity I said, I shall never be moved. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>LORD, by thy favour thou hast made my mountain to stand strong: thou didst hide thy face, and I was troubled. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>I cried to thee, O LORD; and unto the LORD I made supplication. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>What profit iM
s there in my blood, when I go down to the pit? Shall the dust praise thee? shall it declare thy truth? </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Hear, O LORD, and have mercy upon me: LORD, be thou my helper. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Thou hast turned for me my mourning into dancing: thou hast put off my sackcloth, and girded me with gladness; </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>To the end that my glory may sing praise to thee, and not be silent. O LORD my God, I will give thanks unto thee for ever. </p>
<h2 id="c31">Psalm 31</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. In thee, O LORD, do I put my trust; let me never be ashamed: deliver me in thy righteousness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Bow down thine ear to me; deliver me speedily: be thou my strong rock, for an house of defence to save me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>For thou art my rock and my fortress; therefore for thy name
s sake lead me, and guide me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Pull me outM
of the net that they have laid privily for me: for thou art my strength. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Into thine hand I commit my spirit: thou hast redeemed me, O LORD God of truth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>I have hated them that regard lying vanities: but I trust in the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>I will be glad and rejoice in thy mercy: for thou hast considered my trouble; thou hast known my soul in adversities; </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And hast not shut me up into M
the hand of the enemy: thou hast set my feet in a large room. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Have mercy upon me, O LORD, for I am in trouble: mine eye is consumed with grief, yea, my soul and my belly. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>For my life is spent with grief, and my years with sighing: my strength faileth because of mine iniquity, and my bones are consumed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>I was a reproach among all mine enemies, but especially among my neighbours, and a fear to mine acquainM
tance: they that did see me without fled from me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>I am forgotten as a dead man out of mind: I am like a broken vessel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>For I have heard the slander of many: fear was on every side: while they took counsel together against me, they devised to take away my life. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>But I trusted in thee, O LORD: I said, Thou art my God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>My times are in thy hand: deliver me from the hand M
of mine enemies, and from them that persecute me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Make thy face to shine upon thy servant: save me for thy mercies
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Let me not be ashamed, O LORD; for I have called upon thee: let the wicked be ashamed, and let them be silent in the grave. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Let the lying lips be put to silence; which speak grievous things proudly and contemptuously against the righteous. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Oh hM
ow great is thy goodness, which thou hast laid up for them that fear thee; which thou hast wrought for them that trust in thee before the sons of men! </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Thou shalt hide them in the secret of thy presence from the pride of man: thou shalt keep them secretly in a pavilion from the strife of tongues. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Blessed be the LORD: for he hath shewed me his marvellous kindness in a strong city. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>For I said in my haste, M
I am cut off from before thine eyes: nevertheless thou heardest the voice of my supplications when I cried unto thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>O love the LORD, all ye his saints: for the LORD preserveth the faithful, and plentifully rewardeth the proud doer. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>Be of good courage, and he shall strengthen your heart, all ye that hope in the LORD. </p>
<h2 id="c32">Psalm 32</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm of David, Maschil. Blessed is he whose transgresM
sion is forgiven, whose sin is covered. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Blessed is the man unto whom the LORD imputeth not iniquity, and in whose spirit there is no guile. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>When I kept silence, my bones waxed old through my roaring all the day long. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>For day and night thy hand was heavy upon me: my moisture is turned into the drought of summer. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>I acknowledged my sin unto thee, and mine iniquity hM
ave I not hid. I said, I will confess my transgressions unto the LORD; and thou forgavest the iniquity of my sin. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>For this shall every one that is godly pray unto thee in a time when thou mayest be found: surely in the floods of great waters they shall not come nigh unto him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Thou art my hiding place; thou shalt preserve me from trouble; thou shalt compass me about with songs of deliverance. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>M
I will instruct thee and teach thee in the way which thou shalt go: I will guide thee with mine eye. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Be ye not as the horse, or as the mule, which have no understanding: whose mouth must be held in with bit and bridle, lest they come near unto thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Many sorrows shall be to the wicked: but he that trusteth in the LORD, mercy shall compass him about. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Be glad in the LORD, and rejoice, ye righteous: and shoM
ut for joy, all ye that are upright in heart. </p>
<h2 id="c33">Psalm 33</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Rejoice in the LORD, O ye righteous: for praise is comely for the upright. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Praise the LORD with harp: sing unto him with the psaltery and an instrument of ten strings. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Sing unto him a new song; play skilfully with a loud noise. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>For the word of the LORD is right; and all his works are done in trM
<p><span class="ver">5</span>He loveth righteousness and judgment: the earth is full of the goodness of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>By the word of the LORD were the heavens made; and all the host of them by the breath of his mouth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>He gathereth the waters of the sea together as an heap: he layeth up the depth in storehouses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Let all the earth fear the LORD: let all the inhabitants of the world stand in awe of hM
<p><span class="ver">9</span>For he spake, and it was done; he commanded, and it stood fast. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>The LORD bringeth the counsel of the heathen to nought: he maketh the devices of the people of none effect. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>The counsel of the LORD standeth for ever, the thoughts of his heart to all generations. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Blessed is the nation whose God is the LORD; and the people whom he hath chosen for his own inheritance.M
<p><span class="ver">13</span>The LORD looketh from heaven; he beholdeth all the sons of men. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>From the place of his habitation he looketh upon all the inhabitants of the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>He fashioneth their hearts alike; he considereth all their works. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>There is no king saved by the multitude of an host: a mighty man is not delivered by much strength. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>An horse is a vaM
in thing for safety: neither shall he deliver any by his great strength. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Behold, the eye of the LORD is upon them that fear him, upon them that hope in his mercy; </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>To deliver their soul from death, and to keep them alive in famine. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Our soul waiteth for the LORD: he is our help and our shield. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>For our heart shall rejoice in him, because we have trusted in his holy namM
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Let thy mercy, O LORD, be upon us, according as we hope in thee. </p>
<h2 id="c34">Psalm 34</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm of David, when he changed his behaviour before Abimelech; who drove him away, and he departed. I will bless the LORD at all times: his praise shall continually be in my mouth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>My soul shall make her boast in the LORD: the humble shall hear thereof, and be glad. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>O M
magnify the LORD with me, and let us exalt his name together. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>I sought the LORD, and he heard me, and delivered me from all my fears. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>They looked unto him, and were lightened: and their faces were not ashamed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>This poor man cried, and the LORD heard him, and saved him out of all his troubles. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>The angel of the LORD encampeth round about them that fear him, and deliverethM
<p><span class="ver">8</span>O taste and see that the LORD is good: blessed is the man that trusteth in him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>O fear the LORD, ye his saints: for there is no want to them that fear him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>The young lions do lack, and suffer hunger: but they that seek the LORD shall not want any good thing. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Come, ye children, hearken unto me: I will teach you the fear of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">M
12</span>What man is he that desireth life, and loveth many days, that he may see good? </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Keep thy tongue from evil, and thy lips from speaking guile. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Depart from evil, and do good; seek peace, and pursue it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>The eyes of the LORD are upon the righteous, and his ears are open unto their cry. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>The face of the LORD is against them that do evil, to cut off the remembrance M
of them from the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>The righteous cry, and the LORD heareth, and delivereth them out of all their troubles. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>The LORD is nigh unto them that are of a broken heart; and saveth such as be of a contrite spirit. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Many are the afflictions of the righteous: but the LORD delivereth him out of them all. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>He keepeth all his bones: not one of them is broken. </p>
class="ver">21</span>Evil shall slay the wicked: and they that hate the righteous shall be desolate. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>The LORD redeemeth the soul of his servants: and none of them that trust in him shall be desolate. </p>
<h2 id="c35">Psalm 35</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm of David. Plead my cause, O LORD, with them that strive with me: fight against them that fight against me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Take hold of shield and buckler, and stand up for mine help. M
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Draw out also the spear, and stop the way against them that persecute me: say unto my soul, I am thy salvation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Let them be confounded and put to shame that seek after my soul: let them be turned back and brought to confusion that devise my hurt. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Let them be as chaff before the wind: and let the angel of the LORD chase them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Let their way be dark and slippery: and let tM
he angel of the LORD persecute them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>For without cause have they hid for me their net in a pit, which without cause they have digged for my soul. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Let destruction come upon him at unawares; and let his net that he hath hid catch himself: into that very destruction let him fall. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And my soul shall be joyful in the LORD: it shall rejoice in his salvation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>All my bones shalM
l say, LORD, who is like unto thee, which deliverest the poor from him that is too strong for him, yea, the poor and the needy from him that spoileth him? </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>False witnesses did rise up; they laid to my charge things that I knew not. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>They rewarded me evil for good to the spoiling of my soul. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>But as for me, when they were sick, my clothing was sackcloth: I humbled my soul with fasting; and my prayer returneM
d into mine own bosom. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>I behaved myself as though he had been my friend or brother: I bowed down heavily, as one that mourneth for his mother. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>But in mine adversity they rejoiced, and gathered themselves together: yea, the abjects gathered themselves together against me, and I knew it not; they did tear me, and ceased not: </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>With hypocritical mockers in feasts, they gnashed upon me with their teeth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Lord, how long wilt thou look on? rescue my soul from their destructions, my darling from the lions. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>I will give thee thanks in the great congregation: I will praise thee among much people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Let not them that are mine enemies wrongfully rejoice over me: neither let them wink with the eye that hate me without a cause. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>For they speak not peace: but they devise deceitful matM
ters against them that are quiet in the land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Yea, they opened their mouth wide against me, and said, Aha, aha, our eye hath seen it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>This thou hast seen, O LORD: keep not silence: O Lord, be not far from me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>Stir up thyself, and awake to my judgment, even unto my cause, my God and my Lord. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>Judge me, O LORD my God, according to thy righteousness; and let them not reM
<p><span class="ver">25</span>Let them not say in their hearts, Ah, so would we have it: let them not say, We have swallowed him up. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>Let them be ashamed and brought to confusion together that rejoice at mine hurt: let them be clothed with shame and dishonour that magnify themselves against me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>Let them shout for joy, and be glad, that favour my righteous cause: yea, let them say continually, Let the LORD be magnified,M
which hath pleasure in the prosperity of his servant. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>And my tongue shall speak of thy righteousness and of thy praise all the day long. </p>
<h2 id="c36">Psalm 36</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David the servant of the LORD. The transgression of the wicked saith within my heart, that there is no fear of God before his eyes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>For he flattereth himself in his own eyes, until his iniquity be found toM
<p><span class="ver">3</span>The words of his mouth are iniquity and deceit: he hath left off to be wise, and to do good. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>He deviseth mischief upon his bed; he setteth himself in a way that is not good; he abhorreth not evil. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Thy mercy, O LORD, is in the heavens; and thy faithfulness reacheth unto the clouds. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Thy righteousness is like the great mountains; thy judgments are a great deepM
: O LORD, thou preservest man and beast. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>How excellent is thy lovingkindness, O God! therefore the children of men put their trust under the shadow of thy wings. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>They shall be abundantly satisfied with the fatness of thy house; and thou shalt make them drink of the river of thy pleasures. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>For with thee is the fountain of life: in thy light shall we see light. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>O continuM
e thy lovingkindness unto them that know thee; and thy righteousness to the upright in heart. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Let not the foot of pride come against me, and let not the hand of the wicked remove me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>There are the workers of iniquity fallen: they are cast down, and shall not be able to rise. </p>
<h2 id="c37">Psalm 37</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm of David. Fret not thyself because of evildoers, neither be thou envious against the workersM
<p><span class="ver">2</span>For they shall soon be cut down like the grass, and wither as the green herb. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Trust in the LORD, and do good; so shalt thou dwell in the land, and verily thou shalt be fed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Delight thyself also in the LORD; and he shall give thee the desires of thine heart. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Commit thy way unto the LORD; trust also in him; and he shall bring it to pass. </p>
ss="ver">6</span>And he shall bring forth thy righteousness as the light, and thy judgment as the noonday. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Rest in the LORD, and wait patiently for him: fret not thyself because of him who prospereth in his way, because of the man who bringeth wicked devices to pass. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Cease from anger, and forsake wrath: fret not thyself in any wise to do evil. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>For evildoers shall be cut off: but those that wait upon the LOM
RD, they shall inherit the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>For yet a little while, and the wicked shall not be: yea, thou shalt diligently consider his place, and it shall not be. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>But the meek shall inherit the earth; and shall delight themselves in the abundance of peace. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>The wicked plotteth against the just, and gnasheth upon him with his teeth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>The Lord shall laugh at him: for he seeth tM
hat his day is coming. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>The wicked have drawn out the sword, and have bent their bow, to cast down the poor and needy, and to slay such as be of upright conversation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Their sword shall enter into their own heart, and their bows shall be broken. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>A little that a righteous man hath is better than the riches of many wicked. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>For the arms of the wicked shall be broken: butM
the LORD upholdeth the righteous. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>The LORD knoweth the days of the upright: and their inheritance shall be for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>They shall not be ashamed in the evil time: and in the days of famine they shall be satisfied. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>But the wicked shall perish, and the enemies of the LORD shall be as the fat of lambs: they shall consume; into smoke shall they consume away. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>The wicked bM
orroweth, and payeth not again: but the righteous sheweth mercy, and giveth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>For such as be blessed of him shall inherit the earth; and they that be cursed of him shall be cut off. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>The steps of a good man are ordered by the LORD: and he delighteth in his way. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>Though he fall, he shall not be utterly cast down: for the LORD upholdeth him with his hand. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>I have been youM
ng, and now am old; yet have I not seen the righteous forsaken, nor his seed begging bread. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>He is ever merciful, and lendeth; and his seed is blessed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>Depart from evil, and do good; and dwell for evermore. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>For the LORD loveth judgment, and forsaketh not his saints; they are preserved for ever: but the seed of the wicked shall be cut off. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>The righteous shall inherit M
the land, and dwell therein for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>The mouth of the righteous speaketh wisdom, and his tongue talketh of judgment. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>The law of his God is in his heart; none of his steps shall slide. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>The wicked watcheth the righteous, and seeketh to slay him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>The LORD will not leave him in his hand, nor condemn him when he is judged. </p>
<p><span class="ver">34</span>Wait on tM
he LORD, and keep his way, and he shall exalt thee to inherit the land: when the wicked are cut off, thou shalt see it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">35</span>I have seen the wicked in great power, and spreading himself like a green bay tree. </p>
<p><span class="ver">36</span>Yet he passed away, and, lo, he was not: yea, I sought him, but he could not be found. </p>
<p><span class="ver">37</span>Mark the perfect man, and behold the upright: for the end of that man is peace. </p>
<p><span class="ver">38</spM
an>But the transgressors shall be destroyed together: the end of the wicked shall be cut off. </p>
<p><span class="ver">39</span>But the salvation of the righteous is of the LORD: he is their strength in the time of trouble. </p>
<p><span class="ver">40</span>And the LORD shall help them, and deliver them: he shall deliver them from the wicked, and save them, because they trust in him. </p>
<h2 id="c38">Psalm 38</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm of David, to bring to remembrance. O LORD, rebukeM
me not in thy wrath: neither chasten me in thy hot displeasure. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>For thine arrows stick fast in me, and thy hand presseth me sore. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>There is no soundness in my flesh because of thine anger; neither is there any rest in my bones because of my sin. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>For mine iniquities are gone over mine head: as an heavy burden they are too heavy for me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>My wounds stink and are corrupt becM
ause of my foolishness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>I am troubled; I am bowed down greatly; I go mourning all the day long. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>For my loins are filled with a loathsome disease: and there is no soundness in my flesh. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>I am feeble and sore broken: I have roared by reason of the disquietness of my heart. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Lord, all my desire is before thee; and my groaning is not hid from thee. </p>
<p><span class="verM
">10</span>My heart panteth, my strength faileth me: as for the light of mine eyes, it also is gone from me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>My lovers and my friends stand aloof from my sore; and my kinsmen stand afar off. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>They also that seek after my life lay snares for me: and they that seek my hurt speak mischievous things, and imagine deceits all the day long. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>But I, as a deaf man, heard not; and I was as a dumb man that openeth nM
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Thus I was as a man that heareth not, and in whose mouth are no reproofs. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>For in thee, O LORD, do I hope: thou wilt hear, O Lord my God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>For I said, Hear me, lest otherwise they should rejoice over me: when my foot slippeth, they magnify themselves against me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>For I am ready to halt, and my sorrow is continually before me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">M
18</span>For I will declare mine iniquity; I will be sorry for my sin. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>But mine enemies are lively, and they are strong: and they that hate me wrongfully are multiplied. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>They also that render evil for good are mine adversaries; because I follow the thing that good is. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Forsake me not, O LORD: O my God, be not far from me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Make haste to help me, O Lord my salvation. <M
<h2 id="c39">Psalm 39</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, even to Jeduthun, A Psalm of David. I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue: I will keep my mouth with a bridle, while the wicked is before me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>I was dumb with silence, I held my peace, even from good; and my sorrow was stirred. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>My heart was hot within me, while I was musing the fire burned: then spake I with my tongue, </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>LORD, make me to know mine end, and the measure of my days, what it is; that I may know how frail I am. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Behold, thou hast made my days as an handbreadth; and mine age is as nothing before thee: verily every man at his best state is altogether vanity. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Surely every man walketh in a vain shew: surely they are disquieted in vain: he heapeth up riches, and knoweth not who shall gather them. </p>
ass="ver">7</span>And now, Lord, what wait I for? my hope is in thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Deliver me from all my transgressions: make me not the reproach of the foolish. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>I was dumb, I opened not my mouth; because thou didst it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Remove thy stroke away from me: I am consumed by the blow of thine hand. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>When thou with rebukes dost correct man for iniquity, thou makest his beauty to consume aM
way like a moth: surely every man is vanity. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Hear my prayer, O LORD, and give ear unto my cry; hold not thy peace at my tears: for I am a stranger with thee, and a sojourner, as all my fathers were. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>O spare me, that I may recover strength, before I go hence, and be no more. </p>
<h2 id="c40">Psalm 40</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. I waited patiently for the LORD; and he inclined untoM
me, and heard my cry. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>He brought me up also out of an horrible pit, out of the miry clay, and set my feet upon a rock, and established my goings. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And he hath put a new song in my mouth, even praise unto our God: many shall see it, and fear, and shall trust in the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Blessed is that man that maketh the LORD his trust, and respecteth not the proud, nor such as turn aside to lies. </p>
ver">5</span>Many, O LORD my God, are thy wonderful works which thou hast done, and thy thoughts which are to us-ward: they cannot be reckoned up in order unto thee: if I would declare and speak of them, they are more than can be numbered. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Sacrifice and offering thou didst not desire; mine ears hast thou opened: burnt offering and sin offering hast thou not required. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Then said I, Lo, I come: in the volume of the book it is written of me, </p>M
<p><span class="ver">8</span>I delight to do thy will, O my God: yea, thy law is within my heart. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>I have preached righteousness in the great congregation: lo, I have not refrained my lips, O LORD, thou knowest. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>I have not hid thy righteousness within my heart; I have declared thy faithfulness and thy salvation: I have not concealed thy lovingkindness and thy truth from the great congregation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>WithholM
d not thou thy tender mercies from me, O LORD: let thy lovingkindness and thy truth continually preserve me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>For innumerable evils have compassed me about: mine iniquities have taken hold upon me, so that I am not able to look up; they are more than the hairs of mine head: therefore my heart faileth me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Be pleased, O LORD, to deliver me: O LORD, make haste to help me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Let them be ashamed and confounded M
together that seek after my soul to destroy it; let them be driven backward and put to shame that wish me evil. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Let them be desolate for a reward of their shame that say unto me, Aha, aha. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Let all those that seek thee rejoice and be glad in thee: let such as love thy salvation say continually, The LORD be magnified. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>But I am poor and needy; yet the Lord thinketh upon me: thou art my help and my delivereM
r; make no tarrying, O my God. </p>
<h2 id="c41">Psalm 41</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. Blessed is he that considereth the poor: the LORD will deliver him in time of trouble. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>The LORD will preserve him, and keep him alive; and he shall be blessed upon the earth: and thou wilt not deliver him unto the will of his enemies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>The LORD will strengthen him upon the bed of languishing: thou wilt makM
e all his bed in his sickness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>I said, LORD, be merciful unto me: heal my soul; for I have sinned against thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Mine enemies speak evil of me, When shall he die, and his name perish? </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And if he come to see me, he speaketh vanity: his heart gathereth iniquity to itself; when he goeth abroad, he telleth it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>All that hate me whisper together against me: against me do they dM
<p><span class="ver">8</span>An evil disease, say they, cleaveth fast unto him: and now that he lieth he shall rise up no more. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Yea, mine own familiar friend, in whom I trusted, which did eat of my bread, hath lifted up his heel against me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>But thou, O LORD, be merciful unto me, and raise me up, that I may requite them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>By this I know that thou favourest me, because mine enemy dothM
not triumph over me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And as for me, thou upholdest me in mine integrity, and settest me before thy face for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Blessed be the LORD God of Israel from everlasting, and to everlasting. Amen, and Amen. </p>
<h2 id="c42">Psalm 42</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, Maschil, for the sons of Korah. As the hart panteth after the water brooks, so panteth my soul after thee, O God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</spanM
>My soul thirsteth for God, for the living God: when shall I come and appear before God? </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>My tears have been my meat day and night, while they continually say unto me, Where is thy God? </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>When I remember these things, I pour out my soul in me: for I had gone with the multitude, I went with them to the house of God, with the voice of joy and praise, with a multitude that kept holyday. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Why art thou cast down, OM
my soul? and why art thou disquieted in me? hope thou in God: for I shall yet praise him for the help of his countenance. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>O my God, my soul is cast down within me: therefore will I remember thee from the land of Jordan, and of the Hermonites, from the hill Mizar. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Deep calleth unto deep at the noise of thy waterspouts: all thy waves and thy billows are gone over me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Yet the LORD will command his lovingkindM
ness in the daytime, and in the night his song shall be with me, and my prayer unto the God of my life. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>I will say unto God my rock, Why hast thou forgotten me? why go I mourning because of the oppression of the enemy? </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>As with a sword in my bones, mine enemies reproach me; while they say daily unto me, Where is thy God? </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Why art thou cast down, O my soul? and why art thou disquieted within me? hope thou iM
n God: for I shall yet praise him, who is the health of my countenance, and my God. </p>
<h2 id="c43">Psalm 43</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Judge me, O God, and plead my cause against an ungodly nation: O deliver me from the deceitful and unjust man. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>For thou art the God of my strength: why dost thou cast me off? why go I mourning because of the oppression of the enemy? </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>O send out thy light and thy truth: let them lead me; let theM
m bring me unto thy holy hill, and to thy tabernacles. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Then will I go unto the altar of God, unto God my exceeding joy: yea, upon the harp will I praise thee, O God my God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Why art thou cast down, O my soul? and why art thou disquieted within me? hope in God: for I shall yet praise him, who is the health of my countenance, and my God. </p>
<h2 id="c44">Psalm 44</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician for the sons of KorM
ah, Maschil. We have heard with our ears, O God, our fathers have told us, what work thou didst in their days, in the times of old. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>How thou didst drive out the heathen with thy hand, and plantedst them; how thou didst afflict the people, and cast them out. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>For they got not the land in possession by their own sword, neither did their own arm save them: but thy right hand, and thine arm, and the light of thy countenance, because thou hadst a fM
avour unto them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Thou art my King, O God: command deliverances for Jacob. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Through thee will we push down our enemies: through thy name will we tread them under that rise up against us. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>For I will not trust in my bow, neither shall my sword save me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>But thou hast saved us from our enemies, and hast put them to shame that hated us. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>In M
God we boast all the day long, and praise thy name for ever. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>But thou hast cast off, and put us to shame; and goest not forth with our armies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Thou makest us to turn back from the enemy: and they which hate us spoil for themselves. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Thou hast given us like sheep appointed for meat; and hast scattered us among the heathen. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Thou sellest thy people for nought, andM
dost not increase thy wealth by their price. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Thou makest us a reproach to our neighbours, a scorn and a derision to them that are round about us. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Thou makest us a byword among the heathen, a shaking of the head among the people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>My confusion is continually before me, and the shame of my face hath covered me, </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>For the voice of him that reproacheth and blasphemeth; byM
reason of the enemy and avenger. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>All this is come upon us; yet have we not forgotten thee, neither have we dealt falsely in thy covenant. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Our heart is not turned back, neither have our steps declined from thy way; </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Though thou hast sore broken us in the place of dragons, and covered us with the shadow of death. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>If we have forgotten the name of our God, or stretched M
out our hands to a strange god; </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Shall not God search this out? for he knoweth the secrets of the heart. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Yea, for thy sake are we killed all the day long; we are counted as sheep for the slaughter. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>Awake, why sleepest thou, O Lord? arise, cast us not off for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>Wherefore hidest thou thy face, and forgettest our affliction and our oppression? </p>
="ver">25</span>For our soul is bowed down to the dust: our belly cleaveth unto the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>Arise for our help, and redeem us for thy mercies
<h2 id="c45">Psalm 45</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician upon Shoshannim, for the sons of Korah, Maschil, A Song of loves. My heart is inditing a good matter: I speak of the things which I have made touching the king: my tongue is the pen of a ready writer. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>ThouM
art fairer than the children of men: grace is poured into thy lips: therefore God hath blessed thee for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Gird thy sword upon thy thigh, O most mighty, with thy glory and thy majesty. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And in thy majesty ride prosperously because of truth and meekness and righteousness; and thy right hand shall teach thee terrible things. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Thine arrows are sharp in the heart of the king
s enemies; whereby the people fM
all under thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever: the sceptre of thy kingdom is a right sceptre. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Thou lovest righteousness, and hatest wickedness: therefore God, thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>All thy garments smell of myrrh, and aloes, and cassia, out of the ivory palaces, whereby they have made thee glad. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Kings
ers were among thy honourable women: upon thy right hand did stand the queen in gold of Ophir. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Hearken, O daughter, and consider, and incline thine ear; forget also thine own people, and thy father
<p><span class="ver">11</span>So shall the king greatly desire thy beauty: for he is thy Lord; and worship thou him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And the daughter of Tyre shall be there with a gift; even the rich among the people shall intreat thy favour. M
<p><span class="ver">13</span>The king
s daughter is all glorious within: her clothing is of wrought gold. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>She shall be brought unto the king in raiment of needlework: the virgins her companions that follow her shall be brought unto thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>With gladness and rejoicing shall they be brought: they shall enter into the king
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Instead of thy fathers shall be thy children, whom thou mayest M
make princes in all the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>I will make thy name to be remembered in all generations: therefore shall the people praise thee for ever and ever. </p>
<h2 id="c46">Psalm 46</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician for the sons of Korah, A Song upon Alamoth. God is our refuge and strength, a very present help in trouble. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Therefore will not we fear, though the earth be removed, and though the mountains be carried into thM
e midst of the sea; </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Though the waters thereof roar and be troubled, though the mountains shake with the swelling thereof. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>There is a river, the streams whereof shall make glad the city of God, the holy place of the tabernacles of the most High. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>God is in the midst of her; she shall not be moved: God shall help her, and that right early. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>The heathen raged, the kinM
gdoms were moved: he uttered his voice, the earth melted. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>The LORD of hosts is with us; the God of Jacob is our refuge. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Come, behold the works of the LORD, what desolations he hath made in the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>He maketh wars to cease unto the end of the earth; he breaketh the bow, and cutteth the spear in sunder; he burneth the chariot in the fire. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Be still, and know thatM
I am God: I will be exalted among the heathen, I will be exalted in the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>The LORD of hosts is with us; the God of Jacob is our refuge. Selah. </p>
<h2 id="c47">Psalm 47</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, A Psalm for the sons of Korah. O clap your hands, all ye people; shout unto God with the voice of triumph. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>For the LORD most high is terrible; he is a great King over all the earth. </p>
"ver">3</span>He shall subdue the people under us, and the nations under our feet. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>He shall choose our inheritance for us, the excellency of Jacob whom he loved. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>God is gone up with a shout, the LORD with the sound of a trumpet. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Sing praises to God, sing praises: sing praises unto our King, sing praises. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>For God is the King of all the earth: sing ye praises with M
<p><span class="ver">8</span>God reigneth over the heathen: God sitteth upon the throne of his holiness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>The princes of the people are gathered together, even the people of the God of Abraham: for the shields of the earth belong unto God: he is greatly exalted. </p>
<h2 id="c48">Psalm 48</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Song and Psalm for the sons of Korah. Great is the LORD, and greatly to be praised in the city of our God, in the mountain of hiM
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Beautiful for situation, the joy of the whole earth, is mount Zion, on the sides of the north, the city of the great King. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>God is known in her palaces for a refuge. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>For, lo, the kings were assembled, they passed by together. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>They saw it, and so they marvelled; they were troubled, and hasted away. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Fear took hold upon them M
there, and pain, as of a woman in travail. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Thou breakest the ships of Tarshish with an east wind. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>As we have heard, so have we seen in the city of the LORD of hosts, in the city of our God: God will establish it for ever. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>We have thought of thy lovingkindness, O God, in the midst of thy temple. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>According to thy name, O God, so is thy praise unto the ends of the M
earth: thy right hand is full of righteousness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Let mount Zion rejoice, let the daughters of Judah be glad, because of thy judgments. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Walk about Zion, and go round about her: tell the towers thereof. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Mark ye well her bulwarks, consider her palaces; that ye may tell it to the generation following. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>For this God is our God for ever and ever: he will be our guide even uM
<h2 id="c49">Psalm 49</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, A Psalm for the sons of Korah. Hear this, all ye people; give ear, all ye inhabitants of the world: </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Both low and high, rich and poor, together. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>My mouth shall speak of wisdom; and the meditation of my heart shall be of understanding. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>I will incline mine ear to a parable: I will open my dark saying upon theM
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Wherefore should I fear in the days of evil, when the iniquity of my heels shall compass me about? </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>They that trust in their wealth, and boast themselves in the multitude of their riches; </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>None of them can by any means redeem his brother, nor give to God a ransom for him: </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>(For the redemption of their soul is precious, and it ceaseth for ever:) </p>
s="ver">9</span>That he should still live for ever, and not see corruption. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>For he seeth that wise men die, likewise the fool and the brutish person perish, and leave their wealth to others. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Their inward thought is, that their houses shall continue for ever, and their dwelling places to all generations; they call their lands after their own names. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Nevertheless man being in honour abideth not: he is likeM
the beasts that perish. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>This their way is their folly: yet their posterity approve their sayings. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Like sheep they are laid in the grave; death shall feed on them; and the upright shall have dominion over them in the morning; and their beauty shall consume in the grave from their dwelling. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>But God will redeem my soul from the power of the grave: for he shall receive me. Selah. </p>
ass="ver">16</span>Be not thou afraid when one is made rich, when the glory of his house is increased; </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>For when he dieth he shall carry nothing away: his glory shall not descend after him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Though while he lived he blessed his soul: and men will praise thee, when thou doest well to thyself. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>He shall go to the generation of his fathers; they shall never see light. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>ManM
that is in honour, and understandeth not, is like the beasts that perish. </p>
<h2 id="c50">Psalm 50</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm of Asaph. The mighty God, even the LORD, hath spoken, and called the earth from the rising of the sun unto the going down thereof. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Out of Zion, the perfection of beauty, God hath shined. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Our God shall come, and shall not keep silence: a fire shall devour before him, and it shall be very tempestM
uous round about him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>He shall call to the heavens from above, and to the earth, that he may judge his people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Gather my saints together unto me; those that have made a covenant with me by sacrifice. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And the heavens shall declare his righteousness: for God is judge himself. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Hear, O my people, and I will speak; O Israel, and I will testify against thee: I am God, M
<p><span class="ver">8</span>I will not reprove thee for thy sacrifices or thy burnt offerings, to have been continually before me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>I will take no bullock out of thy house, nor he goats out of thy folds. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>For every beast of the forest is mine, and the cattle upon a thousand hills. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>I know all the fowls of the mountains: and the wild beasts of the field are mine. </p>
="ver">12</span>If I were hungry, I would not tell thee: for the world is mine, and the fulness thereof. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Will I eat the flesh of bulls, or drink the blood of goats? </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Offer unto God thanksgiving; and pay thy vows unto the most High: </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And call upon me in the day of trouble: I will deliver thee, and thou shalt glorify me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>But unto the wicked God saith, What hast thou to M
do to declare my statutes, or that thou shouldest take my covenant in thy mouth? </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Seeing thou hatest instruction, and castest my words behind thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>When thou sawest a thief, then thou consentedst with him, and hast been partaker with adulterers. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Thou givest thy mouth to evil, and thy tongue frameth deceit. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Thou sittest and speakest against thy brother; thou slanderesM
<p><span class="ver">21</span>These things hast thou done, and I kept silence; thou thoughtest that I was altogether such an one as thyself: but I will reprove thee, and set them in order before thine eyes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Now consider this, ye that forget God, lest I tear you in pieces, and there be none to deliver. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>Whoso offereth praise glorifieth me: and to him that ordereth his conversation aright will I shew the salM
<h2 id="c51">Psalm 51</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David, when Nathan the prophet came unto him, after he had gone in to Bath-sheba. Have mercy upon me, O God, according to thy lovingkindness: according unto the multitude of thy tender mercies blot out my transgressions. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Wash me throughly from mine iniquity, and cleanse me from my sin. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>For I acknowledge my transgressions: and mM
y sin is ever before me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Against thee, thee only, have I sinned, and done this evil in thy sight: that thou mightest be justified when thou speakest, and be clear when thou judgest. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Behold, I was shapen in iniquity; and in sin did my mother conceive me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Behold, thou desirest truth in the inward parts: and in the hidden part thou shalt make me to know wisdom. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Purge me wiM
th hyssop, and I shall be clean: wash me, and I shall be whiter than snow. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Make me to hear joy and gladness; that the bones which thou hast broken may rejoice. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Hide thy face from my sins, and blot out all mine iniquities. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Create in me a clean heart, O God; and renew a right spirit within me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Cast me not away from thy presence; and take not thy holy spirit from me. </pM
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Restore unto me the joy of thy salvation; and uphold me with thy free spirit. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Then will I teach transgressors thy ways; and sinners shall be converted unto thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Deliver me from bloodguiltiness, O God, thou God of my salvation: and my tongue shall sing aloud of thy righteousness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>O Lord, open thou my lips; and my mouth shall shew forth thy praise. </p>
s="ver">16</span>For thou desirest not sacrifice; else would I give it: thou delightest not in burnt offering. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit: a broken and a contrite heart, O God, thou wilt not despise. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Do good in thy good pleasure unto Zion: build thou the walls of Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Then shalt thou be pleased with the sacrifices of righteousness, with burnt offering and whole burnt offering: then M
shall they offer bullocks upon thine altar. </p>
<h2 id="c52">Psalm 52</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, Maschil, A Psalm of David, when Doeg the Edomite came and told Saul, and said unto him, David is come to the house of Ahimelech. Why boastest thou thyself in mischief, O mighty man? the goodness of God endureth continually. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Thy tongue deviseth mischiefs; like a sharp razor, working deceitfully. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Thou lovest eviM
l more than good; and lying rather than to speak righteousness. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Thou lovest all devouring words, O thou deceitful tongue. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>God shall likewise destroy thee for ever, he shall take thee away, and pluck thee out of thy dwelling place, and root thee out of the land of the living. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>The righteous also shall see, and fear, and shall laugh at him: </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Lo, this is the maM
n that made not God his strength; but trusted in the abundance of his riches, and strengthened himself in his wickedness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>But I am like a green olive tree in the house of God: I trust in the mercy of God for ever and ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>I will praise thee for ever, because thou hast done it: and I will wait on thy name; for it is good before thy saints. </p>
<h2 id="c53">Psalm 53</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician upon Mahalath,M
Maschil, A Psalm of David. The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God. Corrupt are they, and have done abominable iniquity: there is none that doeth good. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>God looked down from heaven upon the children of men, to see if there were any that did understand, that did seek God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Every one of them is gone back: they are altogether become filthy; there is none that doeth good, no, not one. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Have the workers M
of iniquity no knowledge? who eat up my people as they eat bread: they have not called upon God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>There were they in great fear, where no fear was: for God hath scattered the bones of him that encampeth against thee: thou hast put them to shame, because God hath despised them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Oh that the salvation of Israel were come out of Zion! When God bringeth back the captivity of his people, Jacob shall rejoice, and Israel shall be glad. </p>
="c54">Psalm 54</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician on Neginoth, Maschil, A Psalm of David, when the Ziphims came and said to Saul, Doth not David hide himself with us? Save me, O God, by thy name, and judge me by thy strength. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Hear my prayer, O God; give ear to the words of my mouth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>For strangers are risen up against me, and oppressors seek after my soul: they have not set God before them. Selah. </p>
s="ver">4</span>Behold, God is mine helper: the Lord is with them that uphold my soul. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>He shall reward evil unto mine enemies: cut them off in thy truth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>I will freely sacrifice unto thee: I will praise thy name, O LORD; for it is good. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>For he hath delivered me out of all trouble: and mine eye hath seen his desire upon mine enemies. </p>
<h2 id="c55">Psalm 55</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To theM
chief Musician on Neginoth, Maschil, A Psalm of David. Give ear to my prayer, O God; and hide not thyself from my supplication. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Attend unto me, and hear me: I mourn in my complaint, and make a noise; </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Because of the voice of the enemy, because of the oppression of the wicked: for they cast iniquity upon me, and in wrath they hate me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>My heart is sore pained within me: and the terrors of death are fallen upM
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Fearfulness and trembling are come upon me, and horror hath overwhelmed me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And I said, Oh that I had wings like a dove! for then would I fly away, and be at rest. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Lo, then would I wander far off, and remain in the wilderness. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>I would hasten my escape from the windy storm and tempest. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Destroy, O Lord, and divide their tM
ongues: for I have seen violence and strife in the city. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Day and night they go about it upon the walls thereof: mischief also and sorrow are in the midst of it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Wickedness is in the midst thereof: deceit and guile depart not from her streets. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>For it was not an enemy that reproached me; then I could have borne it: neither was it he that hated me that did magnify himself against me; then I would have hid M
myself from him: </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>But it was thou, a man mine equal, my guide, and mine acquaintance. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>We took sweet counsel together, and walked unto the house of God in company. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Let death seize upon them, and let them go down quick into hell: for wickedness is in their dwellings, and among them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>As for me, I will call upon God; and the LORD shall save me. </p>
<p><span class="veM
r">17</span>Evening, and morning, and at noon, will I pray, and cry aloud: and he shall hear my voice. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>He hath delivered my soul in peace from the battle that was against me: for there were many with me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>God shall hear, and afflict them, even he that abideth of old. Selah. Because they have no changes, therefore they fear not God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>He hath put forth his hands against such as be at peace with him: he hathM
broken his covenant. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>The words of his mouth were smoother than butter, but war was in his heart: his words were softer than oil, yet were they drawn swords. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Cast thy burden upon the LORD, and he shall sustain thee: he shall never suffer the righteous to be moved. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>But thou, O God, shalt bring them down into the pit of destruction: bloody and deceitful men shall not live out half their days; but I will tM
<h2 id="c56">Psalm 56</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician upon Jonath-elem-rechokim, Michtam of David, when the Philistines took him in Gath. Be merciful unto me, O God: for man would swallow me up; he fighting daily oppresseth me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Mine enemies would daily swallow me up: for they be many that fight against me, O thou most High. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>What time I am afraid, I will trust in thee. </p>
<p><span class="vM
er">4</span>In God I will praise his word, in God I have put my trust; I will not fear what flesh can do unto me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Every day they wrest my words: all their thoughts are against me for evil. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>They gather themselves together, they hide themselves, they mark my steps, when they wait for my soul. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Shall they escape by iniquity? in thine anger cast down the people, O God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Thou M
tellest my wanderings: put thou my tears into thy bottle: are they not in thy book? </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>When I cry unto thee, then shall mine enemies turn back: this I know; for God is for me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>In God will I praise his word: in the LORD will I praise his word. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>In God have I put my trust: I will not be afraid what man can do unto me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Thy vows are upon me, O God: I will render praises untoM
<p><span class="ver">13</span>For thou hast delivered my soul from death: wilt not thou deliver my feet from falling, that I may walk before God in the light of the living? </p>
<h2 id="c57">Psalm 57</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, Al-taschith, Michtam of David, when he fled from Saul in the cave. Be merciful unto me, O God, be merciful unto me: for my soul trusteth in thee: yea, in the shadow of thy wings will I make my refuge, until these calamities be overpast. </p>M
<p><span class="ver">2</span>I will cry unto God most high; unto God that performeth all things for me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>He shall send from heaven, and save me from the reproach of him that would swallow me up. Selah. God shall send forth his mercy and his truth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>My soul is among lions: and I lie even among them that are set on fire, even the sons of men, whose teeth are spears and arrows, and their tongue a sharp sword. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</spM
an>Be thou exalted, O God, above the heavens; let thy glory be above all the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>They have prepared a net for my steps; my soul is bowed down: they have digged a pit before me, into the midst whereof they are fallen themselves. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>My heart is fixed, O God, my heart is fixed: I will sing and give praise. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Awake up, my glory; awake, psaltery and harp: I myself will awake early. </p>
ver">9</span>I will praise thee, O Lord, among the people: I will sing unto thee among the nations. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>For thy mercy is great unto the heavens, and thy truth unto the clouds. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Be thou exalted, O God, above the heavens: let thy glory be above all the earth. </p>
<h2 id="c58">Psalm 58</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, Al-taschith, Michtam of David. Do ye indeed speak righteousness, O congregation? do ye judge uprightM
ly, O ye sons of men? </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Yea, in heart ye work wickedness; ye weigh the violence of your hands in the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>The wicked are estranged from the womb: they go astray as soon as they be born, speaking lies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Their poison is like the poison of a serpent: they are like the deaf adder that stoppeth her ear; </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Which will not hearken to the voice of charmers, charming never so wiselyM
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Break their teeth, O God, in their mouth: break out the great teeth of the young lions, O LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Let them melt away as waters which run continually: when he bendeth his bow to shoot his arrows, let them be as cut in pieces. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>As a snail which melteth, let every one of them pass away: like the untimely birth of a woman, that they may not see the sun. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Before your pots can M
feel the thorns, he shall take them away as with a whirlwind, both living, and in his wrath. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>The righteous shall rejoice when he seeth the vengeance: he shall wash his feet in the blood of the wicked. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>So that a man shall say, Verily there is a reward for the righteous: verily he is a God that judgeth in the earth. </p>
<h2 id="c59">Psalm 59</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, Al-taschith, Michtam of David; when SM
aul sent, and they watched the house to kill him. Deliver me from mine enemies, O my God: defend me from them that rise up against me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Deliver me from the workers of iniquity, and save me from bloody men. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>For, lo, they lie in wait for my soul: the mighty are gathered against me; not for my transgression, nor for my sin, O LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>They run and prepare themselves without my fault: awake to help me, and behold.M
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Thou therefore, O LORD God of hosts, the God of Israel, awake to visit all the heathen: be not merciful to any wicked transgressors. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>They return at evening: they make a noise like a dog, and go round about the city. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Behold, they belch out with their mouth: swords are in their lips: for who, say they, doth hear? </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>But thou, O LORD, shalt laugh at them; thou shalt hM
ave all the heathen in derision. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Because of his strength will I wait upon thee: for God is my defence. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>The God of my mercy shall prevent me: God shall let me see my desire upon mine enemies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Slay them not, lest my people forget: scatter them by thy power; and bring them down, O Lord our shield. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>For the sin of their mouth and the words of their lips let them even be tM
aken in their pride: and for cursing and lying which they speak. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Consume them in wrath, consume them, that they may not be: and let them know that God ruleth in Jacob unto the ends of the earth. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And at evening let them return; and let them make a noise like a dog, and go round about the city. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Let them wander up and down for meat, and grudge if they be not satisfied. </p>
<p><span class="ver">1M
6</span>But I will sing of thy power; yea, I will sing aloud of thy mercy in the morning: for thou hast been my defence and refuge in the day of my trouble. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Unto thee, O my strength, will I sing: for God is my defence, and the God of my mercy. </p>
<h2 id="c60">Psalm 60</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician upon Shushan-eduth, Michtam of David, to teach; when he strove with Aram-naharaim and with Aram-zobah, when Joab returned, and smote of Edom in the M
valley of salt twelve thousand. O God, thou hast cast us off, thou hast scattered us, thou hast been displeased; O turn thyself to us again. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Thou hast made the earth to tremble; thou hast broken it: heal the breaches thereof; for it shaketh. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Thou hast shewed thy people hard things: thou hast made us to drink the wine of astonishment. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Thou hast given a banner to them that fear thee, that it may be displayedM
because of the truth. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>That thy beloved may be delivered; save with thy right hand, and hear me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>God hath spoken in his holiness; I will rejoice, I will divide Shechem, and mete out the valley of Succoth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Gilead is mine, and Manasseh is mine; Ephraim also is the strength of mine head; Judah is my lawgiver; </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Moab is my washpot; over Edom will I cast out my shoe: PhM
ilistia, triumph thou because of me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Who will bring me into the strong city? who will lead me into Edom? </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Wilt not thou, O God, which hadst cast us off? and thou, O God, which didst not go out with our armies? </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Give us help from trouble: for vain is the help of man. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Through God we shall do valiantly: for he it is that shall tread down our enemies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician upon Neginah, A Psalm of David. Hear my cry, O God; attend unto my prayer. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>From the end of the earth will I cry unto thee, when my heart is overwhelmed: lead me to the rock that is higher than I. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>For thou hast been a shelter for me, and a strong tower from the enemy. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>I will abide in thy tabernacle for ever: I will trust in the covert of tM
hy wings. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>For thou, O God, hast heard my vows: thou hast given me the heritage of those that fear thy name. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Thou wilt prolong the king
s life: and his years as many generations. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>He shall abide before God for ever: O prepare mercy and truth, which may preserve him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>So will I sing praise unto thy name for ever, that I may daily perform my vows. </p>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, to Jeduthun, A Psalm of David. Truly my soul waiteth upon God: from him cometh my salvation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>He only is my rock and my salvation; he is my defence; I shall not be greatly moved. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>How long will ye imagine mischief against a man? ye shall be slain all of you: as a bowing wall shall ye be, and as a tottering fence. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>They only consult to caM
st him down from his excellency: they delight in lies: they bless with their mouth, but they curse inwardly. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>My soul, wait thou only upon God; for my expectation is from him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>He only is my rock and my salvation: he is my defence; I shall not be moved. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>In God is my salvation and my glory: the rock of my strength, and my refuge, is in God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Trust in him at all timesM
; ye people, pour out your heart before him: God is a refuge for us. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Surely men of low degree are vanity, and men of high degree are a lie: to be laid in the balance, they are altogether lighter than vanity. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Trust not in oppression, and become not vain in robbery: if riches increase, set not your heart upon them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>God hath spoken once; twice have I heard this; that power belongeth unto God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Also unto thee, O Lord, belongeth mercy: for thou renderest to every man according to his work. </p>
<h2 id="c63">Psalm 63</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm of David, when he was in the wilderness of Judah. O God, thou art my God; early will I seek thee: my soul thirsteth for thee, my flesh longeth for thee in a dry and thirsty land, where no water is; </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>To see thy power and thy glory, so as I have seen thee in the sanctuary. </p>
p><span class="ver">3</span>Because thy lovingkindness is better than life, my lips shall praise thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Thus will I bless thee while I live: I will lift up my hands in thy name. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>My soul shall be satisfied as with marrow and fatness; and my mouth shall praise thee with joyful lips: </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>When I remember thee upon my bed, and meditate on thee in the night watches. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Because thou hM
ast been my help, therefore in the shadow of thy wings will I rejoice. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>My soul followeth hard after thee: thy right hand upholdeth me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>But those that seek my soul, to destroy it, shall go into the lower parts of the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>They shall fall by the sword: they shall be a portion for foxes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>But the king shall rejoice in God; every one that sweareth by him shall glory: butM
the mouth of them that speak lies shall be stopped. </p>
<h2 id="c64">Psalm 64</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. Hear my voice, O God, in my prayer: preserve my life from fear of the enemy. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Hide me from the secret counsel of the wicked; from the insurrection of the workers of iniquity: </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Who whet their tongue like a sword, and bend their bows to shoot their arrows, even bitter words: </p>
span class="ver">4</span>That they may shoot in secret at the perfect: suddenly do they shoot at him, and fear not. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>They encourage themselves in an evil matter: they commune of laying snares privily; they say, Who shall see them? </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>They search out iniquities; they accomplish a diligent search: both the inward thought of every one of them, and the heart, is deep. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>But God shall shoot at them with an arrow; sudM
denly shall they be wounded. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>So they shall make their own tongue to fall upon themselves: all that see them shall flee away. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And all men shall fear, and shall declare the work of God; for they shall wisely consider of his doing. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>The righteous shall be glad in the LORD, and shall trust in him; and all the upright in heart shall glory. </p>
<h2 id="c65">Psalm 65</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To tM
he chief Musician, A Psalm and Song of David. Praise waiteth for thee, O God, in Sion: and unto thee shall the vow be performed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>O thou that hearest prayer, unto thee shall all flesh come. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Iniquities prevail against me: as for our transgressions, thou shalt purge them away. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Blessed is the man whom thou choosest, and causest to approach unto thee, that he may dwell in thy courts: we shall be satisfied with M
the goodness of thy house, even of thy holy temple. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>By terrible things in righteousness wilt thou answer us, O God of our salvation; who art the confidence of all the ends of the earth, and of them that are afar off upon the sea: </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Which by his strength setteth fast the mountains; being girded with power: </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Which stilleth the noise of the seas, the noise of their waves, and the tumult of the people. </p>
><span class="ver">8</span>They also that dwell in the uttermost parts are afraid at thy tokens: thou makest the outgoings of the morning and evening to rejoice. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Thou visitest the earth, and waterest it: thou greatly enrichest it with the river of God, which is full of water: thou preparest them corn, when thou hast so provided for it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Thou waterest the ridges thereof abundantly: thou settlest the furrows thereof: thou makest it soft with shM
owers: thou blessest the springing thereof. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Thou crownest the year with thy goodness; and thy paths drop fatness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>They drop upon the pastures of the wilderness: and the little hills rejoice on every side. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>The pastures are clothed with flocks; the valleys also are covered over with corn; they shout for joy, they also sing. </p>
<h2 id="c66">Psalm 66</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief MM
usician, A Song or Psalm. Make a joyful noise unto God, all ye lands: </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Sing forth the honour of his name: make his praise glorious. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Say unto God, How terrible art thou in thy works! through the greatness of thy power shall thine enemies submit themselves unto thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>All the earth shall worship thee, and shall sing unto thee; they shall sing to thy name. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Come and seM
e the works of God: he is terrible in his doing toward the children of men. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>He turned the sea into dry land: they went through the flood on foot: there did we rejoice in him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>He ruleth by his power for ever; his eyes behold the nations: let not the rebellious exalt themselves. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>O bless our God, ye people, and make the voice of his praise to be heard: </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Which holdethM
our soul in life, and suffereth not our feet to be moved. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>For thou, O God, hast proved us: thou hast tried us, as silver is tried. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Thou broughtest us into the net; thou laidst affliction upon our loins. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Thou hast caused men to ride over our heads; we went through fire and through water: but thou broughtest us out into a wealthy place. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>I will go into thy house with M
burnt offerings: I will pay thee my vows, </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Which my lips have uttered, and my mouth hath spoken, when I was in trouble. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>I will offer unto thee burnt sacrifices of fatlings, with the incense of rams; I will offer bullocks with goats. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Come and hear, all ye that fear God, and I will declare what he hath done for my soul. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>I cried unto him with my mouth, and he wasM
extolled with my tongue. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>If I regard iniquity in my heart, the Lord will not hear me: </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>But verily God hath heard me; he hath attended to the voice of my prayer. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Blessed be God, which hath not turned away my prayer, nor his mercy from me. </p>
<h2 id="c67">Psalm 67</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician on Neginoth, A Psalm or Song. God be merciful unto us, and bless us; and causeM
his face to shine upon us; Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>That thy way may be known upon earth, thy saving health among all nations. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Let the people praise thee, O God; let all the people praise thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>O let the nations be glad and sing for joy: for thou shalt judge the people righteously, and govern the nations upon earth. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Let the people praise thee, O God; let all the people praise theM
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Then shall the earth yield her increase; and God, even our own God, shall bless us. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>God shall bless us; and all the ends of the earth shall fear him. </p>
<h2 id="c68">Psalm 68</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, A Psalm or Song of David. Let God arise, let his enemies be scattered: let them also that hate him flee before him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>As smoke is driven away, so drive them away: as wM
ax melteth before the fire, so let the wicked perish at the presence of God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>But let the righteous be glad; let them rejoice before God: yea, let them exceedingly rejoice. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Sing unto God, sing praises to his name: extol him that rideth upon the heavens by his name Jah, and rejoice before him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>A father of the fatherless, and a judge of the widows, is God in his holy habitation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6M
</span>God setteth the solitary in families: he bringeth out those which are bound with chains: but the rebellious dwell in a dry land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>O God, when thou wentest forth before thy people, when thou didst march through the wilderness; Selah: </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>The earth shook, the heavens also dropped at the presence of God: even Sinai itself was moved at the presence of God, the God of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Thou, O God, didst send a plentifM
ul rain, whereby thou didst confirm thine inheritance, when it was weary. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Thy congregation hath dwelt therein: thou, O God, hast prepared of thy goodness for the poor. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>The Lord gave the word: great was the company of those that published it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Kings of armies did flee apace: and she that tarried at home divided the spoil. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Though ye have lien among the pots, yet shall M
ye be as the wings of a dove covered with silver, and her feathers with yellow gold. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>When the Almighty scattered kings in it, it was white as snow in Salmon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>The hill of God is as the hill of Bashan; an high hill as the hill of Bashan. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Why leap ye, ye high hills? this is the hill which God desireth to dwell in; yea, the LORD will dwell in it for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>The chariots oM
f God are twenty thousand, even thousands of angels: the Lord is among them, as in Sinai, in the holy place. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Thou hast ascended on high, thou hast led captivity captive: thou hast received gifts for men; yea, for the rebellious also, that the LORD God might dwell among them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Blessed be the Lord, who daily loadeth us with benefits, even the God of our salvation. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>He that is our God is the God of saM
lvation; and unto GOD the Lord belong the issues from death. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>But God shall wound the head of his enemies, and the hairy scalp of such an one as goeth on still in his trespasses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>The Lord said, I will bring again from Bashan, I will bring my people again from the depths of the sea: </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>That thy foot may be dipped in the blood of thine enemies, and the tongue of thy dogs in the same. </p>
<p><span class="vM
er">24</span>They have seen thy goings, O God; even the goings of my God, my King, in the sanctuary. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>The singers went before, the players on instruments followed after; among them were the damsels playing with timbrels. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>Bless ye God in the congregations, even the Lord, from the fountain of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>There is little Benjamin with their ruler, the princes of Judah and their council, the princes of Zebulun, M
and the princes of Naphtali. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>Thy God hath commanded thy strength: strengthen, O God, that which thou hast wrought for us. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>Because of thy temple at Jerusalem shall kings bring presents unto thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>Rebuke the company of spearmen, the multitude of the bulls, with the calves of the people, till every one submit himself with pieces of silver: scatter thou the people that delight in war. </p>
="ver">31</span>Princes shall come out of Egypt; Ethiopia shall soon stretch out her hands unto God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>Sing unto God, ye kingdoms of the earth; O sing praises unto the Lord; Selah: </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>To him that rideth upon the heavens of heavens, which were of old; lo, he doth send out his voice, and that a mighty voice. </p>
<p><span class="ver">34</span>Ascribe ye strength unto God: his excellency is over Israel, and his strength is in the clouds. </p>
<p><span class="ver">35</span>O God, thou art terrible out of thy holy places: the God of Israel is he that giveth strength and power unto his people. Blessed be God. </p>
<h2 id="c69">Psalm 69</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician upon Shoshannim, A Psalm of David. Save me, O God; for the waters are come in unto my soul. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>I sink in deep mire, where there is no standing: I am come into deep waters, where the floods overflow me. </p>
<p><span class="veM
r">3</span>I am weary of my crying: my throat is dried: mine eyes fail while I wait for my God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>They that hate me without a cause are more than the hairs of mine head: they that would destroy me, being mine enemies wrongfully, are mighty: then I restored that which I took not away. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>O God, thou knowest my foolishness; and my sins are not hid from thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Let not them that wait on thee, O Lord GOD of hosts, beM
ashamed for my sake: let not those that seek thee be confounded for my sake, O God of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Because for thy sake I have borne reproach; shame hath covered my face. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>I am become a stranger unto my brethren, and an alien unto my mother
<p><span class="ver">9</span>For the zeal of thine house hath eaten me up; and the reproaches of them that reproached thee are fallen upon me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>When I M
wept, and chastened my soul with fasting, that was to my reproach. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>I made sackcloth also my garment; and I became a proverb to them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>They that sit in the gate speak against me; and I was the song of the drunkards. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>But as for me, my prayer is unto thee, O LORD, in an acceptable time: O God, in the multitude of thy mercy hear me, in the truth of thy salvation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>DeliverM
me out of the mire, and let me not sink: let me be delivered from them that hate me, and out of the deep waters. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Let not the waterflood overflow me, neither let the deep swallow me up, and let not the pit shut her mouth upon me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Hear me, O LORD; for thy lovingkindness is good: turn unto me according to the multitude of thy tender mercies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And hide not thy face from thy servant; for I am in trouble: heaM
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Draw nigh unto my soul, and redeem it: deliver me because of mine enemies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Thou hast known my reproach, and my shame, and my dishonour: mine adversaries are all before thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Reproach hath broken my heart; and I am full of heaviness: and I looked for some to take pity, but there was none; and for comforters, but I found none. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>They gave me also gall forM
my meat; and in my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Let their table become a snare before them: and that which should have been for their welfare, let it become a trap. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>Let their eyes be darkened, that they see not; and make their loins continually to shake. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>Pour out thine indignation upon them, and let thy wrathful anger take hold of them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>Let their habitatioM
n be desolate; and let none dwell in their tents. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>For they persecute him whom thou hast smitten; and they talk to the grief of those whom thou hast wounded. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>Add iniquity unto their iniquity: and let them not come into thy righteousness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>Let them be blotted out of the book of the living, and not be written with the righteous. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>But I am poor and sorrowful: let thy salvM
ation, O God, set me up on high. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>I will praise the name of God with a song, and will magnify him with thanksgiving. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>This also shall please the LORD better than an ox or bullock that hath horns and hoofs. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>The humble shall see this, and be glad: and your heart shall live that seek God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>For the LORD heareth the poor, and despiseth not his prisoners. </p>
ass="ver">34</span>Let the heaven and earth praise him, the seas, and every thing that moveth therein. </p>
<p><span class="ver">35</span>For God will save Zion, and will build the cities of Judah: that they may dwell there, and have it in possession. </p>
<p><span class="ver">36</span>The seed also of his servants shall inherit it: and they that love his name shall dwell therein. </p>
<h2 id="c70">Psalm 70</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David, to bring to remembranM
ce. Make haste, O God, to deliver me; make haste to help me, O LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Let them be ashamed and confounded that seek after my soul: let them be turned backward, and put to confusion, that desire my hurt. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Let them be turned back for a reward of their shame that say, Aha, aha. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Let all those that seek thee rejoice and be glad in thee: and let such as love thy salvation say continually, Let God be magnified. </p>M
<p><span class="ver">5</span>But I am poor and needy: make haste unto me, O God: thou art my help and my deliverer; O LORD, make no tarrying. </p>
<h2 id="c71">Psalm 71</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In thee, O LORD, do I put my trust: let me never be put to confusion. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Deliver me in thy righteousness, and cause me to escape: incline thine ear unto me, and save me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Be thou my strong habitation, whereunto I may continually resort:M
thou hast given commandment to save me; for thou art my rock and my fortress. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Deliver me, O my God, out of the hand of the wicked, out of the hand of the unrighteous and cruel man. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>For thou art my hope, O Lord GOD: thou art my trust from my youth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>By thee have I been holden up from the womb: thou art he that took me out of my mother
s bowels: my praise shall be continually of thee. </p>
s="ver">7</span>I am as a wonder unto many; but thou art my strong refuge. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Let my mouth be filled with thy praise and with thy honour all the day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Cast me not off in the time of old age; forsake me not when my strength faileth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>For mine enemies speak against me; and they that lay wait for my soul take counsel together, </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Saying, God hath forsaken him: persecute and takeM
him; for there is none to deliver him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>O God, be not far from me: O my God, make haste for my help. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Let them be confounded and consumed that are adversaries to my soul; let them be covered with reproach and dishonour that seek my hurt. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>But I will hope continually, and will yet praise thee more and more. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>My mouth shall shew forth thy righteousness and thy salvation M
all the day; for I know not the numbers thereof. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>I will go in the strength of the Lord GOD: I will make mention of thy righteousness, even of thine only. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>O God, thou hast taught me from my youth: and hitherto have I declared thy wondrous works. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Now also when I am old and grayheaded, O God, forsake me not; until I have shewed thy strength unto this generation, and thy power to every one that is to come. M
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Thy righteousness also, O God, is very high, who hast done great things: O God, who is like unto thee! </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Thou, which hast shewed me great and sore troubles, shalt quicken me again, and shalt bring me up again from the depths of the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Thou shalt increase my greatness, and comfort me on every side. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>I will also praise thee with the psaltery, even thy truth, O my GodM
: unto thee will I sing with the harp, O thou Holy One of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>My lips shall greatly rejoice when I sing unto thee; and my soul, which thou hast redeemed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>My tongue also shall talk of thy righteousness all the day long: for they are confounded, for they are brought unto shame, that seek my hurt. </p>
<h2 id="c72">Psalm 72</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm for Solomon. Give the king thy judgments, O God, and thy righteousneM
<p><span class="ver">2</span>He shall judge thy people with righteousness, and thy poor with judgment. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>The mountains shall bring peace to the people, and the little hills, by righteousness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>He shall judge the poor of the people, he shall save the children of the needy, and shall break in pieces the oppressor. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>They shall fear thee as long as the sun and moon endure, throughM
out all generations. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>He shall come down like rain upon the mown grass: as showers that water the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>In his days shall the righteous flourish; and abundance of peace so long as the moon endureth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>He shall have dominion also from sea to sea, and from the river unto the ends of the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>They that dwell in the wilderness shall bow before him; and his enemies shall licM
<p><span class="ver">10</span>The kings of Tarshish and of the isles shall bring presents: the kings of Sheba and Seba shall offer gifts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Yea, all kings shall fall down before him: all nations shall serve him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>For he shall deliver the needy when he crieth; the poor also, and him that hath no helper. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>He shall spare the poor and needy, and shall save the souls of the needy. </p>
<span class="ver">14</span>He shall redeem their soul from deceit and violence: and precious shall their blood be in his sight. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And he shall live, and to him shall be given of the gold of Sheba: prayer also shall be made for him continually; and daily shall he be praised. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>There shall be an handful of corn in the earth upon the top of the mountains; the fruit thereof shall shake like Lebanon: and they of the city shall flourish like grass ofM
<p><span class="ver">17</span>His name shall endure for ever: his name shall be continued as long as the sun: and men shall be blessed in him: all nations shall call him blessed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Blessed be the LORD God, the God of Israel, who only doeth wondrous things. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And blessed be his glorious name for ever: and let the whole earth be filled with his glory; Amen, and Amen. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>The prayers of David tM
he son of Jesse are ended. </p>
<h2 id="c73">Psalm 73</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm of Asaph. Truly God is good to Israel, even to such as are of a clean heart. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>But as for me, my feet were almost gone; my steps had well nigh slipped. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>For I was envious at the foolish, when I saw the prosperity of the wicked. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>For there are no bands in their death: but their strength is firm. </p>
an class="ver">5</span>They are not in trouble as other men; neither are they plagued like other men. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Therefore pride compasseth them about as a chain; violence covereth them as a garment. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Their eyes stand out with fatness: they have more than heart could wish. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>They are corrupt, and speak wickedly concerning oppression: they speak loftily. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>They set their mouth against tM
he heavens, and their tongue walketh through the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Therefore his people return hither: and waters of a full cup are wrung out to them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And they say, How doth God know? and is there knowledge in the most High? </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Behold, these are the ungodly, who prosper in the world; they increase in riches. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Verily I have cleansed my heart in vain, and washed my hands in innocencM
<p><span class="ver">14</span>For all the day long have I been plagued, and chastened every morning. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>If I say, I will speak thus; behold, I should offend against the generation of thy children. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>When I thought to know this, it was too painful for me; </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Until I went into the sanctuary of God; then understood I their end. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Surely thou didst set them in slipperyM
places: thou castedst them down into destruction. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>How are they brought into desolation, as in a moment! they are utterly consumed with terrors. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>As a dream when one awaketh; so, O Lord, when thou awakest, thou shalt despise their image. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Thus my heart was grieved, and I was pricked in my reins. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>So foolish was I, and ignorant: I was as a beast before thee. </p>
<span class="ver">23</span>Nevertheless I am continually with thee: thou hast holden me by my right hand. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>Thou shalt guide me with thy counsel, and afterward receive me to glory. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>Whom have I in heaven but thee? and there is none upon earth that I desire beside thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>My flesh and my heart faileth: but God is the strength of my heart, and my portion for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>For, lo,M
they that are far from thee shall perish: thou hast destroyed all them that go a whoring from thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>But it is good for me to draw near to God: I have put my trust in the Lord GOD, that I may declare all thy works. </p>
<h2 id="c74">Psalm 74</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Maschil of Asaph. O God, why hast thou cast us off for ever? why doth thine anger smoke against the sheep of thy pasture? </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Remember thy congregation, which thou haM
st purchased of old; the rod of thine inheritance, which thou hast redeemed; this mount Zion, wherein thou hast dwelt. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Lift up thy feet unto the perpetual desolations; even all that the enemy hath done wickedly in the sanctuary. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Thine enemies roar in the midst of thy congregations; they set up their ensigns for signs. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>A man was famous according as he had lifted up axes upon the thick trees. </p>
n class="ver">6</span>But now they break down the carved work thereof at once with axes and hammers. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>They have cast fire into thy sanctuary, they have defiled by casting down the dwelling place of thy name to the ground. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>They said in their hearts, Let us destroy them together: they have burned up all the synagogues of God in the land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>We see not our signs: there is no more any prophet: neither is there amoM
ng us any that knoweth how long. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>O God, how long shall the adversary reproach? shall the enemy blaspheme thy name for ever? </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Why withdrawest thou thy hand, even thy right hand? pluck it out of thy bosom. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>For God is my King of old, working salvation in the midst of the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Thou didst divide the sea by thy strength: thou brakest the heads of the dragons in the waterM
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Thou brakest the heads of leviathan in pieces, and gavest him to be meat to the people inhabiting the wilderness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Thou didst cleave the fountain and the flood: thou driedst up mighty rivers. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>The day is thine, the night also is thine: thou hast prepared the light and the sun. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Thou hast set all the borders of the earth: thou hast made summer and winter. </p>
<span class="ver">18</span>Remember this, that the enemy hath reproached, O LORD, and that the foolish people have blasphemed thy name. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>O deliver not the soul of thy turtledove unto the multitude of the wicked: forget not the congregation of thy poor for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Have respect unto the covenant: for the dark places of the earth are full of the habitations of cruelty. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>O let not the oppressed return ashamed: M
let the poor and needy praise thy name. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Arise, O God, plead thine own cause: remember how the foolish man reproacheth thee daily. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>Forget not the voice of thine enemies: the tumult of those that rise up against thee increaseth continually. </p>
<h2 id="c75">Psalm 75</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, Al-taschith, A Psalm or Song of Asaph. Unto thee, O God, do we give thanks, unto thee do we give thanks: for that M
thy name is near thy wondrous works declare. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>When I shall receive the congregation I will judge uprightly. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>The earth and all the inhabitants thereof are dissolved: I bear up the pillars of it. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>I said unto the fools, Deal not foolishly: and to the wicked, Lift not up the horn: </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Lift not up your horn on high: speak not with a stiff neck. </p>
<p><span class="ver"M
>6</span>For promotion cometh neither from the east, nor from the west, nor from the south. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>But God is the judge: he putteth down one, and setteth up another. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>For in the hand of the LORD there is a cup, and the wine is red; it is full of mixture; and he poureth out of the same: but the dregs thereof, all the wicked of the earth shall wring them out, and drink them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>But I will declare for ever; I will sing M
praises to the God of Jacob. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>All the horns of the wicked also will I cut off; but the horns of the righteous shall be exalted. </p>
<h2 id="c76">Psalm 76</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician on Neginoth, A Psalm or Song of Asaph. In Judah is God known: his name is great in Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>In Salem also is his tabernacle, and his dwelling place in Zion. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>There brake he the arrows of the boM
w, the shield, and the sword, and the battle. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Thou art more glorious and excellent than the mountains of prey. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>The stouthearted are spoiled, they have slept their sleep: and none of the men of might have found their hands. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>At thy rebuke, O God of Jacob, both the chariot and horse are cast into a dead sleep. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Thou, even thou, art to be feared: and who may stand in M
thy sight when once thou art angry? </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Thou didst cause judgment to be heard from heaven; the earth feared, and was still, </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>When God arose to judgment, to save all the meek of the earth. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Surely the wrath of man shall praise thee: the remainder of wrath shalt thou restrain. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Vow, and pay unto the LORD your God: let all that be round about him bring presents unto him M
that ought to be feared. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>He shall cut off the spirit of princes: he is terrible to the kings of the earth. </p>
<h2 id="c77">Psalm 77</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, to Jeduthun, A Psalm of Asaph. I cried unto God with my voice, even unto God with my voice; and he gave ear unto me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>In the day of my trouble I sought the Lord: my sore ran in the night, and ceased not: my soul refused to be comforted. </p>
<span class="ver">3</span>I remembered God, and was troubled: I complained, and my spirit was overwhelmed. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Thou holdest mine eyes waking: I am so troubled that I cannot speak. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>I have considered the days of old, the years of ancient times. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>I call to remembrance my song in the night: I commune with mine own heart: and my spirit made diligent search. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Will the Lord cM
ast off for ever? and will he be favourable no more? </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Is his mercy clean gone for ever? doth his promise fail for evermore? </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Hath God forgotten to be gracious? hath he in anger shut up his tender mercies? Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And I said, This is my infirmity: but I will remember the years of the right hand of the most High. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>I will remember the works of the LORD: surely I will remembeM
r thy wonders of old. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>I will meditate also of all thy work, and talk of thy doings. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Thy way, O God, is in the sanctuary: who is so great a God as our God? </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Thou art the God that doest wonders: thou hast declared thy strength among the people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Thou hast with thine arm redeemed thy people, the sons of Jacob and Joseph. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>The wM
aters saw thee, O God, the waters saw thee; they were afraid: the depths also were troubled. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>The clouds poured out water: the skies sent out a sound: thine arrows also went abroad. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>The voice of thy thunder was in the heaven: the lightnings lightened the world: the earth trembled and shook. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Thy way is in the sea, and thy path in the great waters, and thy footsteps are not known. </p>
<p><span class="vM
er">20</span>Thou leddest thy people like a flock by the hand of Moses and Aaron. </p>
<h2 id="c78">Psalm 78</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Maschil of Asaph. Give ear, O my people, to my law: incline your ears to the words of my mouth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>I will open my mouth in a parable: I will utter dark sayings of old: </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Which we have heard and known, and our fathers have told us. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>We will not hide them from their M
children, shewing to the generation to come the praises of the LORD, and his strength, and his wonderful works that he hath done. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>For he established a testimony in Jacob, and appointed a law in Israel, which he commanded our fathers, that they should make them known to their children: </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>That the generation to come might know them, even the children which should be born; who should arise and declare them to their children: </p>
="ver">7</span>That they might set their hope in God, and not forget the works of God, but keep his commandments: </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And might not be as their fathers, a stubborn and rebellious generation; a generation that set not their heart aright, and whose spirit was not stedfast with God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>The children of Ephraim, being armed, and carrying bows, turned back in the day of battle. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>They kept not the covenant of God, and rM
efused to walk in his law; </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And forgat his works, and his wonders that he had shewed them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Marvellous things did he in the sight of their fathers, in the land of Egypt, in the field of Zoan. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>He divided the sea, and caused them to pass through; and he made the waters to stand as an heap. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>In the daytime also he led them with a cloud, and all the night with a light of fM
<p><span class="ver">15</span>He clave the rocks in the wilderness, and gave them drink as out of the great depths. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>He brought streams also out of the rock, and caused waters to run down like rivers. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And they sinned yet more against him by provoking the most High in the wilderness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And they tempted God in their heart by asking meat for their lust. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Yea, M
they spake against God; they said, Can God furnish a table in the wilderness? </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Behold, he smote the rock, that the waters gushed out, and the streams overflowed; can he give bread also? can he provide flesh for his people? </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Therefore the LORD heard this, and was wroth: so a fire was kindled against Jacob, and anger also came up against Israel; </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Because they believed not in God, and trusted not in his salvaM
<p><span class="ver">23</span>Though he had commanded the clouds from above, and opened the doors of heaven, </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And had rained down manna upon them to eat, and had given them of the corn of heaven. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>Man did eat angels
food: he sent them meat to the full. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>He caused an east wind to blow in the heaven: and by his power he brought in the south wind. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>He rainM
ed flesh also upon them as dust, and feathered fowls like as the sand of the sea: </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>And he let it fall in the midst of their camp, round about their habitations. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>So they did eat, and were well filled: for he gave them their own desire; </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>They were not estranged from their lust. But while their meat was yet in their mouths, </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>The wrath of God came upon them, and slew the fM
attest of them, and smote down the chosen men of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>For all this they sinned still, and believed not for his wondrous works. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>Therefore their days did he consume in vanity, and their years in trouble. </p>
<p><span class="ver">34</span>When he slew them, then they sought him: and they returned and enquired early after God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">35</span>And they remembered that God was their rock, and the high God their redeemM
<p><span class="ver">36</span>Nevertheless they did flatter him with their mouth, and they lied unto him with their tongues. </p>
<p><span class="ver">37</span>For their heart was not right with him, neither were they stedfast in his covenant. </p>
<p><span class="ver">38</span>But he, being full of compassion, forgave their iniquity, and destroyed them not: yea, many a time turned he his anger away, and did not stir up all his wrath. </p>
<p><span class="ver">39</span>For he remembered that thM
ey were but flesh; a wind that passeth away, and cometh not again. </p>
<p><span class="ver">40</span>How oft did they provoke him in the wilderness, and grieve him in the desert! </p>
<p><span class="ver">41</span>Yea, they turned back and tempted God, and limited the Holy One of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">42</span>They remembered not his hand, nor the day when he delivered them from the enemy. </p>
<p><span class="ver">43</span>How he had wrought his signs in Egypt, and his wonders in the fieldM
<p><span class="ver">44</span>And had turned their rivers into blood; and their floods, that they could not drink. </p>
<p><span class="ver">45</span>He sent divers sorts of flies among them, which devoured them; and frogs, which destroyed them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">46</span>He gave also their increase unto the caterpiller, and their labour unto the locust. </p>
<p><span class="ver">47</span>He destroyed their vines with hail, and their sycomore trees with frost. </p>
ss="ver">48</span>He gave up their cattle also to the hail, and their flocks to hot thunderbolts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">49</span>He cast upon them the fierceness of his anger, wrath, and indignation, and trouble, by sending evil angels among them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">50</span>He made a way to his anger; he spared not their soul from death, but gave their life over to the pestilence; </p>
<p><span class="ver">51</span>And smote all the firstborn in Egypt; the chief of their strength in the tabernaM
<p><span class="ver">52</span>But made his own people to go forth like sheep, and guided them in the wilderness like a flock. </p>
<p><span class="ver">53</span>And he led them on safely, so that they feared not: but the sea overwhelmed their enemies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">54</span>And he brought them to the border of his sanctuary, even to this mountain, which his right hand had purchased. </p>
<p><span class="ver">55</span>He cast out the heathen also before them, and divided theM
m an inheritance by line, and made the tribes of Israel to dwell in their tents. </p>
<p><span class="ver">56</span>Yet they tempted and provoked the most high God, and kept not his testimonies: </p>
<p><span class="ver">57</span>But turned back, and dealt unfaithfully like their fathers: they were turned aside like a deceitful bow. </p>
<p><span class="ver">58</span>For they provoked him to anger with their high places, and moved him to jealousy with their graven images. </p>
<p><span class="ver">59</sM
pan>When God heard this, he was wroth, and greatly abhorred Israel: </p>
<p><span class="ver">60</span>So that he forsook the tabernacle of Shiloh, the tent which he placed among men; </p>
<p><span class="ver">61</span>And delivered his strength into captivity, and his glory into the enemy
<p><span class="ver">62</span>He gave his people over also unto the sword; and was wroth with his inheritance. </p>
<p><span class="ver">63</span>The fire consumed their young men; and their maidens werM
e not given to marriage. </p>
<p><span class="ver">64</span>Their priests fell by the sword; and their widows made no lamentation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">65</span>Then the Lord awaked as one out of sleep, and like a mighty man that shouteth by reason of wine. </p>
<p><span class="ver">66</span>And he smote his enemies in the hinder parts: he put them to a perpetual reproach. </p>
<p><span class="ver">67</span>Moreover he refused the tabernacle of Joseph, and chose not the tribe of Ephraim: </p>
><span class="ver">68</span>But chose the tribe of Judah, the mount Zion which he loved. </p>
<p><span class="ver">69</span>And he built his sanctuary like high palaces, like the earth which he hath established for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">70</span>He chose David also his servant, and took him from the sheepfolds: </p>
<p><span class="ver">71</span>From following the ewes great with young he brought him to feed Jacob his people, and Israel his inheritance. </p>
<p><span class="ver">72</span>So heM
fed them according to the integrity of his heart; and guided them by the skilfulness of his hands. </p>
<h2 id="c79">Psalm 79</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm of Asaph. O God, the heathen are come into thine inheritance; thy holy temple have they defiled; they have laid Jerusalem on heaps. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>The dead bodies of thy servants have they given to be meat unto the fowls of the heaven, the flesh of thy saints unto the beasts of the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</M
span>Their blood have they shed like water round about Jerusalem; and there was none to bury them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>We are become a reproach to our neighbours, a scorn and derision to them that are round about us. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>How long, LORD? wilt thou be angry for ever? shall thy jealousy burn like fire? </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Pour out thy wrath upon the heathen that have not known thee, and upon the kingdoms that have not called upon thy name. </p>
span class="ver">7</span>For they have devoured Jacob, and laid waste his dwelling place. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>O remember not against us former iniquities: let thy tender mercies speedily prevent us: for we are brought very low. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Help us, O God of our salvation, for the glory of thy name: and deliver us, and purge away our sins, for thy name
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Wherefore should the heathen say, Where is their God? let him be known amongM
the heathen in our sight by the revenging of the blood of thy servants which is shed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Let the sighing of the prisoner come before thee; according to the greatness of thy power preserve thou those that are appointed to die; </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And render unto our neighbours sevenfold into their bosom their reproach, wherewith they have reproached thee, O Lord. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>So we thy people and sheep of thy pasture will give thee thanksM
for ever: we will shew forth thy praise to all generations. </p>
<h2 id="c80">Psalm 80</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician upon Shoshannim-eduth, A Psalm of Asaph. Give ear, O Shepherd of Israel, thou that leadest Joseph like a flock; thou that dwellest between the cherubims, shine forth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Before Ephraim and Benjamin and Manasseh stir up thy strength, and come and save us. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Turn us again, O God, and cause thy face toM
shine; and we shall be saved. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>O LORD God of hosts, how long wilt thou be angry against the prayer of thy people? </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Thou feedest them with the bread of tears; and givest them tears to drink in great measure. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Thou makest us a strife unto our neighbours: and our enemies laugh among themselves. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Turn us again, O God of hosts, and cause thy face to shine; and we shall be savedM
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Thou hast brought a vine out of Egypt: thou hast cast out the heathen, and planted it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Thou preparedst room before it, and didst cause it to take deep root, and it filled the land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>The hills were covered with the shadow of it, and the boughs thereof were like the goodly cedars. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>She sent out her boughs unto the sea, and her branches unto the river. </p>
lass="ver">12</span>Why hast thou then broken down her hedges, so that all they which pass by the way do pluck her? </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>The boar out of the wood doth waste it, and the wild beast of the field doth devour it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Return, we beseech thee, O God of hosts: look down from heaven, and behold, and visit this vine; </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And the vineyard which thy right hand hath planted, and the branch that thou madest strong for thyself. <M
<p><span class="ver">16</span>It is burned with fire, it is cut down: they perish at the rebuke of thy countenance. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Let thy hand be upon the man of thy right hand, upon the son of man whom thou madest strong for thyself. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>So will not we go back from thee: quicken us, and we will call upon thy name. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Turn us again, O LORD God of hosts, cause thy face to shine; and we shall be saved. </p>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician upon Gittith, A Psalm of Asaph. Sing aloud unto God our strength: make a joyful noise unto the God of Jacob. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Take a psalm, and bring hither the timbrel, the pleasant harp with the psaltery. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Blow up the trumpet in the new moon, in the time appointed, on our solemn feast day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>For this was a statute for Israel, and a law of the God of JM
<p><span class="ver">5</span>This he ordained in Joseph for a testimony, when he went out through the land of Egypt: where I heard a language that I understood not. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>I removed his shoulder from the burden: his hands were delivered from the pots. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Thou calledst in trouble, and I delivered thee; I answered thee in the secret place of thunder: I proved thee at the waters of Meribah. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Hear, OM
my people, and I will testify unto thee: O Israel, if thou wilt hearken unto me; </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>There shall no strange god be in thee; neither shalt thou worship any strange god. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>I am the LORD thy God, which brought thee out of the land of Egypt: open thy mouth wide, and I will fill it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>But my people would not hearken to my voice; and Israel would none of me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>So I gave them up untM
lust: and they walked in their own counsels. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Oh that my people had hearkened unto me, and Israel had walked in my ways! </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>I should soon have subdued their enemies, and turned my hand against their adversaries. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>The haters of the LORD should have submitted themselves unto him: but their time should have endured for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>He should have fed them alsM
o with the finest of the wheat: and with honey out of the rock should I have satisfied thee. </p>
<h2 id="c82">Psalm 82</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm of Asaph. God standeth in the congregation of the mighty; he judgeth among the gods. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>How long will ye judge unjustly, and accept the persons of the wicked? Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Defend the poor and fatherless: do justice to the afflicted and needy. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>DeliveM
r the poor and needy: rid them out of the hand of the wicked. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>They know not, neither will they understand; they walk on in darkness: all the foundations of the earth are out of course. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>I have said, Ye are gods; and all of you are children of the most High. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>But ye shall die like men, and fall like one of the princes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Arise, O God, judge the earth: for thou shalt inherit M
<h2 id="c83">Psalm 83</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Song or Psalm of Asaph. Keep not thou silence, O God: hold not thy peace, and be not still, O God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>For, lo, thine enemies make a tumult: and they that hate thee have lifted up the head. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>They have taken crafty counsel against thy people, and consulted against thy hidden ones. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>They have said, Come, and let us cut them off fromM
being a nation; that the name of Israel may be no more in remembrance. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>For they have consulted together with one consent: they are confederate against thee: </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>The tabernacles of Edom, and the Ishmaelites; of Moab, and the Hagarenes; </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Gebal, and Ammon, and Amalek; the Philistines with the inhabitants of Tyre; </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Assur also is joined with them: they have holpen the children ofM
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Do unto them as unto the Midianites; as to Sisera, as to Jabin, at the brook of Kison: </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Which perished at Endor: they became as dung for the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Make their nobles like Oreb, and like Zeeb: yea, all their princes as Zebah, and as Zalmunna: </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Who said, Let us take to ourselves the houses of God in possession. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>O my God,M
make them like a wheel; as the stubble before the wind. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>As the fire burneth a wood, and as the flame setteth the mountains on fire; </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>So persecute them with thy tempest, and make them afraid with thy storm. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Fill their faces with shame; that they may seek thy name, O LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Let them be confounded and troubled for ever; yea, let them be put to shame, and perish: </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>That men may know that thou, whose name alone is JEHOVAH, art the most high over all the earth. </p>
<h2 id="c84">Psalm 84</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician upon Gittith, A Psalm for the sons of Korah. How amiable are thy tabernacles, O LORD of hosts! </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>My soul longeth, yea, even fainteth for the courts of the LORD: my heart and my flesh crieth out for the living God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Yea, the sparrow M
hath found an house, and the swallow a nest for herself, where she may lay her young, even thine altars, O LORD of hosts, my King, and my God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Blessed are they that dwell in thy house: they will be still praising thee. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Blessed is the man whose strength is in thee; in whose heart are the ways of them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Who passing through the valley of Baca make it a well; the rain also filleth the pools. </p>
span class="ver">7</span>They go from strength to strength, every one of them in Zion appeareth before God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>O LORD God of hosts, hear my prayer: give ear, O God of Jacob. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Behold, O God our shield, and look upon the face of thine anointed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>For a day in thy courts is better than a thousand. I had rather be a doorkeeper in the house of my God, than to dwell in the tents of wickedness. </p>
class="ver">11</span>For the LORD God is a sun and shield: the LORD will give grace and glory: no good thing will he withhold from them that walk uprightly. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>O LORD of hosts, blessed is the man that trusteth in thee. </p>
<h2 id="c85">Psalm 85</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, A Psalm for the sons of Korah. LORD, thou hast been favourable unto thy land: thou hast brought back the captivity of Jacob. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Thou hast foM
rgiven the iniquity of thy people, thou hast covered all their sin. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Thou hast taken away all thy wrath: thou hast turned thyself from the fierceness of thine anger. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Turn us, O God of our salvation, and cause thine anger toward us to cease. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Wilt thou be angry with us for ever? wilt thou draw out thine anger to all generations? </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Wilt thou not revive us again: that tM
hy people may rejoice in thee? </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Shew us thy mercy, O LORD, and grant us thy salvation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>I will hear what God the LORD will speak: for he will speak peace unto his people, and to his saints: but let them not turn again to folly. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Surely his salvation is nigh them that fear him; that glory may dwell in our land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Mercy and truth are met together; righteousness and peace haveM
kissed each other. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Truth shall spring out of the earth; and righteousness shall look down from heaven. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Yea, the LORD shall give that which is good; and our land shall yield her increase. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Righteousness shall go before him; and shall set us in the way of his steps. </p>
<h2 id="c86">Psalm 86</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Prayer of David. Bow down thine ear, O LORD, hear me: for I am poor andM
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Preserve my soul; for I am holy: O thou my God, save thy servant that trusteth in thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Be merciful unto me, O Lord: for I cry unto thee daily. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Rejoice the soul of thy servant: for unto thee, O Lord, do I lift up my soul. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>For thou, Lord, art good, and ready to forgive; and plenteous in mercy unto all them that call upon thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</spanM
>Give ear, O LORD, unto my prayer; and attend to the voice of my supplications. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>In the day of my trouble I will call upon thee: for thou wilt answer me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Among the gods there is none like unto thee, O Lord; neither are there any works like unto thy works. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>All nations whom thou hast made shall come and worship before thee, O Lord; and shall glorify thy name. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>For thou artM
great, and doest wondrous things: thou art God alone. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Teach me thy way, O LORD; I will walk in thy truth: unite my heart to fear thy name. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>I will praise thee, O Lord my God, with all my heart: and I will glorify thy name for evermore. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>For great is thy mercy toward me: and thou hast delivered my soul from the lowest hell. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>O God, the proud are risen against me, and tM
he assemblies of violent men have sought after my soul; and have not set thee before them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>But thou, O Lord, art a God full of compassion, and gracious, longsuffering, and plenteous in mercy and truth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>O turn unto me, and have mercy upon me; give thy strength unto thy servant, and save the son of thine handmaid. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Shew me a token for good; that they which hate me may see it, and be ashamed: because thou, M
LORD, hast holpen me, and comforted me. </p>
<h2 id="c87">Psalm 87</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm or Song for the sons of Korah. His foundation is in the holy mountains. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>The LORD loveth the gates of Zion more than all the dwellings of Jacob. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Glorious things are spoken of thee, O city of God. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>I will make mention of Rahab and Babylon to them that know me: behold Philistia, and Tyre, M
with Ethiopia; this man was born there. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And of Zion it shall be said, This and that man was born in her: and the highest himself shall establish her. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>The LORD shall count, when he writeth up the people, that this man was born there. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>As well the singers as the players on instruments shall be there: all my springs are in thee. </p>
<h2 id="c88">Psalm 88</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Song M
or Psalm for the sons of Korah, to the chief Musician upon Mahalath Leannoth, Maschil of Heman the Ezrahite. O LORD God of my salvation, I have cried day and night before thee: </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Let my prayer come before thee: incline thine ear unto my cry; </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>For my soul is full of troubles: and my life draweth nigh unto the grave. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>I am counted with them that go down into the pit: I am as a man that hath no strength: </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Free among the dead, like the slain that lie in the grave, whom thou rememberest no more: and they are cut off from thy hand. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Thou hast laid me in the lowest pit, in darkness, in the deeps. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Thy wrath lieth hard upon me, and thou hast afflicted me with all thy waves. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Thou hast put away mine acquaintance far from me; thou hast made me an abomination unto them: I am shut upM
, and I cannot come forth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Mine eye mourneth by reason of affliction: LORD, I have called daily upon thee, I have stretched out my hands unto thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Wilt thou shew wonders to the dead? shall the dead arise and praise thee? Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Shall thy lovingkindness be declared in the grave? or thy faithfulness in destruction? </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Shall thy wonders be known in the dark? and thy rightM
eousness in the land of forgetfulness? </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>But unto thee have I cried, O LORD; and in the morning shall my prayer prevent thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>LORD, why castest thou off my soul? why hidest thou thy face from me? </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>I am afflicted and ready to die from my youth up: while I suffer thy terrors I am distracted. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Thy fierce wrath goeth over me; thy terrors have cut me off. </p>
ass="ver">17</span>They came round about me daily like water; they compassed me about together. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Lover and friend hast thou put far from me, and mine acquaintance into darkness. </p>
<h2 id="c89">Psalm 89</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Maschil of Ethan the Ezrahite. I will sing of the mercies of the LORD for ever: with my mouth will I make known thy faithfulness to all generations. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>For I have said, Mercy shall be built up for ever: M
thy faithfulness shalt thou establish in the very heavens. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>I have made a covenant with my chosen, I have sworn unto David my servant, </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Thy seed will I establish for ever, and build up thy throne to all generations. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And the heavens shall praise thy wonders, O LORD: thy faithfulness also in the congregation of the saints. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>For who in the heaven can be compared unto tM
he LORD? who among the sons of the mighty can be likened unto the LORD? </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>God is greatly to be feared in the assembly of the saints, and to be had in reverence of all them that are about him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>O LORD God of hosts, who is a strong LORD like unto thee? or to thy faithfulness round about thee? </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Thou rulest the raging of the sea: when the waves thereof arise, thou stillest them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</spM
an>Thou hast broken Rahab in pieces, as one that is slain; thou hast scattered thine enemies with thy strong arm. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>The heavens are thine, the earth also is thine: as for the world and the fulness thereof, thou hast founded them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>The north and the south thou hast created them: Tabor and Hermon shall rejoice in thy name. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Thou hast a mighty arm: strong is thy hand, and high is thy right hand. </p>
an class="ver">14</span>Justice and judgment are the habitation of thy throne: mercy and truth shall go before thy face. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Blessed is the people that know the joyful sound: they shall walk, O LORD, in the light of thy countenance. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>In thy name shall they rejoice all the day: and in thy righteousness shall they be exalted. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>For thou art the glory of their strength: and in thy favour our horn shall be exaltedM
<p><span class="ver">18</span>For the LORD is our defence; and the Holy One of Israel is our king. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Then thou spakest in vision to thy holy one, and saidst, I have laid help upon one that is mighty; I have exalted one chosen out of the people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>I have found David my servant; with my holy oil have I anointed him: </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>With whom my hand shall be established: mine arm also shall strengthen him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>The enemy shall not exact upon him; nor the son of wickedness afflict him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And I will beat down his foes before his face, and plague them that hate him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>But my faithfulness and my mercy shall be with him: and in my name shall his horn be exalted. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>I will set his hand also in the sea, and his right hand in the rivers. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>He shall cry unto meM
, Thou art my father, my God, and the rock of my salvation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>Also I will make him my firstborn, higher than the kings of the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>My mercy will I keep for him for evermore, and my covenant shall stand fast with him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>His seed also will I make to endure for ever, and his throne as the days of heaven. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>If his children forsake my law, and walk not in my judgments; </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>If they break my statutes, and keep not my commandments; </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>Then will I visit their transgression with the rod, and their iniquity with stripes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>Nevertheless my lovingkindness will I not utterly take from him, nor suffer my faithfulness to fail. </p>
<p><span class="ver">34</span>My covenant will I not break, nor alter the thing that is gone out of my lips. </p>
<p><span class="ver">35</span>Once have I sM
worn by my holiness that I will not lie unto David. </p>
<p><span class="ver">36</span>His seed shall endure for ever, and his throne as the sun before me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">37</span>It shall be established for ever as the moon, and as a faithful witness in heaven. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">38</span>But thou hast cast off and abhorred, thou hast been wroth with thine anointed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">39</span>Thou hast made void the covenant of thy servant: thou hast profaned his crown M
by casting it to the ground. </p>
<p><span class="ver">40</span>Thou hast broken down all his hedges; thou hast brought his strong holds to ruin. </p>
<p><span class="ver">41</span>All that pass by the way spoil him: he is a reproach to his neighbours. </p>
<p><span class="ver">42</span>Thou hast set up the right hand of his adversaries; thou hast made all his enemies to rejoice. </p>
<p><span class="ver">43</span>Thou hast also turned the edge of his sword, and hast not made him to stand in the battle.M
<p><span class="ver">44</span>Thou hast made his glory to cease, and cast his throne down to the ground. </p>
<p><span class="ver">45</span>The days of his youth hast thou shortened: thou hast covered him with shame. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">46</span>How long, LORD? wilt thou hide thyself for ever? shall thy wrath burn like fire? </p>
<p><span class="ver">47</span>Remember how short my time is: wherefore hast thou made all men in vain? </p>
<p><span class="ver">48</span>What man is he tM
hat liveth, and shall not see death? shall he deliver his soul from the hand of the grave? Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">49</span>Lord, where are thy former lovingkindnesses, which thou swarest unto David in thy truth? </p>
<p><span class="ver">50</span>Remember, Lord, the reproach of thy servants; how I do bear in my bosom the reproach of all the mighty people; </p>
<p><span class="ver">51</span>Wherewith thine enemies have reproached, O LORD; wherewith they have reproached the footsteps of thine anoinM
<p><span class="ver">52</span>Blessed be the LORD for evermore. Amen, and Amen. </p>
<h2 id="c90">Psalm 90</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Prayer of Moses the man of God. Lord, thou hast been our dwelling place in all generations. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Before the mountains were brought forth, or ever thou hadst formed the earth and the world, even from everlasting to everlasting, thou art God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Thou turnest man to destruction; and sayest, ReM
turn, ye children of men. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>For a thousand years in thy sight are but as yesterday when it is past, and as a watch in the night. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Thou carriest them away as with a flood; they are as a sleep: in the morning they are like grass which groweth up. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>In the morning it flourisheth, and groweth up; in the evening it is cut down, and withereth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>For we are consumed by thine anger, aM
nd by thy wrath are we troubled. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Thou hast set our iniquities before thee, our secret sins in the light of thy countenance. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>For all our days are passed away in thy wrath: we spend our years as a tale that is told. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>The days of our years are threescore years and ten; and if by reason of strength they be fourscore years, yet is their strength labour and sorrow; for it is soon cut off, and we fly away. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Who knoweth the power of thine anger? even according to thy fear, so is thy wrath. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>So teach us to number our days, that we may apply our hearts unto wisdom. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Return, O LORD, how long? and let it repent thee concerning thy servants. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>O satisfy us early with thy mercy; that we may rejoice and be glad all our days. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Make us glad according tM
o the days wherein thou hast afflicted us, and the years wherein we have seen evil. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Let thy work appear unto thy servants, and thy glory unto their children. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And let the beauty of the LORD our God be upon us: and establish thou the work of our hands upon us; yea, the work of our hands establish thou it. </p>
<h2 id="c91">Psalm 91</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>He that dwelleth in the secret place of the most High shall abide underM
the shadow of the Almighty. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>I will say of the LORD, He is my refuge and my fortress: my God; in him will I trust. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Surely he shall deliver thee from the snare of the fowler, and from the noisome pestilence. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>He shall cover thee with his feathers, and under his wings shalt thou trust: his truth shall be thy shield and buckler. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Thou shalt not be afraid for the terror by niM
ght; nor for the arrow that flieth by day; </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Nor for the pestilence that walketh in darkness; nor for the destruction that wasteth at noonday. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>A thousand shall fall at thy side, and ten thousand at thy right hand; but it shall not come nigh thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Only with thine eyes shalt thou behold and see the reward of the wicked. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Because thou hast made the LORD, which is my refuge, eM
ven the most High, thy habitation; </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>There shall no evil befall thee, neither shall any plague come nigh thy dwelling. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>For he shall give his angels charge over thee, to keep thee in all thy ways. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>They shall bear thee up in their hands, lest thou dash thy foot against a stone. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder: the young lion and the dragon shalt thou trample unM
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Because he hath set his love upon me, therefore will I deliver him: I will set him on high, because he hath known my name. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>He shall call upon me, and I will answer him: I will be with him in trouble; I will deliver him, and honour him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>With long life will I satisfy him, and shew him my salvation. </p>
<h2 id="c92">Psalm 92</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm or Song for the sabbatM
h day. It is a good thing to give thanks unto the LORD, and to sing praises unto thy name, O most High: </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>To shew forth thy lovingkindness in the morning, and thy faithfulness every night, </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Upon an instrument of ten strings, and upon the psaltery; upon the harp with a solemn sound. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>For thou, LORD, hast made me glad through thy work: I will triumph in the works of thy hands. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</spaM
n>O LORD, how great are thy works! and thy thoughts are very deep. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>A brutish man knoweth not; neither doth a fool understand this. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>When the wicked spring as the grass, and when all the workers of iniquity do flourish; it is that they shall be destroyed for ever: </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>But thou, LORD, art most high for evermore. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>For, lo, thine enemies, O LORD, for, lo, thine enemies shall periM
sh; all the workers of iniquity shall be scattered. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>But my horn shalt thou exalt like the horn of an unicorn: I shall be anointed with fresh oil. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Mine eye also shall see my desire on mine enemies, and mine ears shall hear my desire of the wicked that rise up against me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>The righteous shall flourish like the palm tree: he shall grow like a cedar in Lebanon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Those thaM
t be planted in the house of the LORD shall flourish in the courts of our God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>They shall still bring forth fruit in old age; they shall be fat and flourishing; </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>To shew that the LORD is upright: he is my rock, and there is no unrighteousness in him. </p>
<h2 id="c93">Psalm 93</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The LORD reigneth, he is clothed with majesty; the LORD is clothed with strength, wherewith he hath girded himself: the world M
also is stablished, that it cannot be moved. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Thy throne is established of old: thou art from everlasting. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>The floods have lifted up, O LORD, the floods have lifted up their voice; the floods lift up their waves. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>The LORD on high is mightier than the noise of many waters, yea, than the mighty waves of the sea. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Thy testimonies are very sure: holiness becometh thine house,M
O LORD, for ever. </p>
<h2 id="c94">Psalm 94</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>O LORD God, to whom vengeance belongeth; O God, to whom vengeance belongeth, shew thyself. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Lift up thyself, thou judge of the earth: render a reward to the proud. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>LORD, how long shall the wicked, how long shall the wicked triumph? </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>How long shall they utter and speak hard things? and all the workers of iniquity boast themM
<p><span class="ver">5</span>They break in pieces thy people, O LORD, and afflict thine heritage. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>They slay the widow and the stranger, and murder the fatherless. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Yet they say, The LORD shall not see, neither shall the God of Jacob regard it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Understand, ye brutish among the people: and ye fools, when will ye be wise? </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>He that planted the ear, shall he noM
t hear? he that formed the eye, shall he not see? </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>He that chastiseth the heathen, shall not he correct? he that teacheth man knowledge, shall not he know? </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>The LORD knoweth the thoughts of man, that they are vanity. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Blessed is the man whom thou chastenest, O LORD, and teachest him out of thy law; </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>That thou mayest give him rest from the days of adversity, until the piM
t be digged for the wicked. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>For the LORD will not cast off his people, neither will he forsake his inheritance. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>But judgment shall return unto righteousness: and all the upright in heart shall follow it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Who will rise up for me against the evildoers? or who will stand up for me against the workers of iniquity? </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Unless the LORD had been my help, my soul had almost dweM
<p><span class="ver">18</span>When I said, My foot slippeth; thy mercy, O LORD, held me up. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>In the multitude of my thoughts within me thy comforts delight my soul. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Shall the throne of iniquity have fellowship with thee, which frameth mischief by a law? </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>They gather themselves together against the soul of the righteous, and condemn the innocent blood. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22M
</span>But the LORD is my defence; and my God is the rock of my refuge. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And he shall bring upon them their own iniquity, and shall cut them off in their own wickedness; yea, the LORD our God shall cut them off. </p>
<h2 id="c95">Psalm 95</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>O come, let us sing unto the LORD: let us make a joyful noise to the rock of our salvation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Let us come before his presence with thanksgiving, and make a joyful noiseM
unto him with psalms. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>For the LORD is a great God, and a great King above all gods. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>In his hand are the deep places of the earth: the strength of the hills is his also. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>The sea is his, and he made it: and his hands formed the dry land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>O come, let us worship and bow down: let us kneel before the LORD our maker. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>For he is our God; anM
d we are the people of his pasture, and the sheep of his hand. To day if ye will hear his voice, </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Harden not your heart, as in the provocation, and as in the day of temptation in the wilderness: </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>When your fathers tempted me, proved me, and saw my work. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Forty years long was I grieved with this generation, and said, It is a people that do err in their heart, and they have not known my ways: </p>
class="ver">11</span>Unto whom I sware in my wrath that they should not enter into my rest. </p>
<h2 id="c96">Psalm 96</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>O sing unto the LORD a new song: sing unto the LORD, all the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Sing unto the LORD, bless his name; shew forth his salvation from day to day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Declare his glory among the heathen, his wonders among all people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>For the LORD is great, and greatly tM
o be praised: he is to be feared above all gods. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>For all the gods of the nations are idols: but the LORD made the heavens. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Honour and majesty are before him: strength and beauty are in his sanctuary. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Give unto the LORD, O ye kindreds of the people, give unto the LORD glory and strength. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Give unto the LORD the glory due unto his name: bring an offering, and come into hisM
<p><span class="ver">9</span>O worship the LORD in the beauty of holiness: fear before him, all the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Say among the heathen that the LORD reigneth: the world also shall be established that it shall not be moved: he shall judge the people righteously. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Let the heavens rejoice, and let the earth be glad; let the sea roar, and the fulness thereof. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Let the field be joyful, and all that M
is therein: then shall all the trees of the wood rejoice </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Before the LORD: for he cometh, for he cometh to judge the earth: he shall judge the world with righteousness, and the people with his truth. </p>
<h2 id="c97">Psalm 97</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The LORD reigneth; let the earth rejoice; let the multitude of isles be glad thereof. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Clouds and darkness are round about him: righteousness and judgment are the habitation of hiM
<p><span class="ver">3</span>A fire goeth before him, and burneth up his enemies round about. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>His lightnings enlightened the world: the earth saw, and trembled. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>The hills melted like wax at the presence of the LORD, at the presence of the Lord of the whole earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>The heavens declare his righteousness, and all the people see his glory. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Confounded be allM
they that serve graven images, that boast themselves of idols: worship him, all ye gods. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Zion heard, and was glad; and the daughters of Judah rejoiced because of thy judgments, O LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>For thou, LORD, art high above all the earth: thou art exalted far above all gods. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Ye that love the LORD, hate evil: he preserveth the souls of his saints; he delivereth them out of the hand of the wicked. </p>
class="ver">11</span>Light is sown for the righteous, and gladness for the upright in heart. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Rejoice in the LORD, ye righteous; and give thanks at the remembrance of his holiness. </p>
<h2 id="c98">Psalm 98</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm. O sing unto the LORD a new song; for he hath done marvellous things: his right hand, and his holy arm, hath gotten him the victory. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>The LORD hath made known his salvation: his righteousneM
ss hath he openly shewed in the sight of the heathen. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>He hath remembered his mercy and his truth toward the house of Israel: all the ends of the earth have seen the salvation of our God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Make a joyful noise unto the LORD, all the earth: make a loud noise, and rejoice, and sing praise. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Sing unto the LORD with the harp; with the harp, and the voice of a psalm. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>With trumpeM
ts and sound of cornet make a joyful noise before the LORD, the King. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Let the sea roar, and the fulness thereof; the world, and they that dwell therein. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Let the floods clap their hands: let the hills be joyful together </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Before the LORD; for he cometh to judge the earth: with righteousness shall he judge the world, and the people with equity. </p>
<h2 id="c99">Psalm 99</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</spaM
n>The LORD reigneth; let the people tremble: he sitteth between the cherubims; let the earth be moved. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>The LORD is great in Zion; and he is high above all the people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Let them praise thy great and terrible name; for it is holy. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>The king
s strength also loveth judgment; thou dost establish equity, thou executest judgment and righteousness in Jacob. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Exalt ye the LORD ouM
r God, and worship at his footstool; for he is holy. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Moses and Aaron among his priests, and Samuel among them that call upon his name; they called upon the LORD, and he answered them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>He spake unto them in the cloudy pillar: they kept his testimonies, and the ordinance that he gave them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Thou answeredst them, O LORD our God: thou wast a God that forgavest them, though thou tookest vengeance of their inventM
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Exalt the LORD our God, and worship at his holy hill; for the LORD our God is holy. </p>
<h2 id="c100">Psalm 100</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm of praise. Make a joyful noise unto the LORD, all ye lands. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Serve the LORD with gladness: come before his presence with singing. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Know ye that the LORD he is God: it is he that hath made us, and not we ourselves; we are his people, and the shM
eep of his pasture. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Enter into his gates with thanksgiving, and into his courts with praise: be thankful unto him, and bless his name. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>For the LORD is good; his mercy is everlasting; and his truth endureth to all generations. </p>
<h2 id="c101">Psalm 101</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm of David. I will sing of mercy and judgment: unto thee, O LORD, will I sing. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>I will behave myself wisely M
in a perfect way. O when wilt thou come unto me? I will walk within my house with a perfect heart. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>I will set no wicked thing before mine eyes: I hate the work of them that turn aside; it shall not cleave to me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>A froward heart shall depart from me: I will not know a wicked person. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Whoso privily slandereth his neighbour, him will I cut off: him that hath an high look and a proud heart will not I suffer. </M
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Mine eyes shall be upon the faithful of the land, that they may dwell with me: he that walketh in a perfect way, he shall serve me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>He that worketh deceit shall not dwell within my house: he that telleth lies shall not tarry in my sight. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>I will early destroy all the wicked of the land; that I may cut off all wicked doers from the city of the LORD. </p>
<h2 id="c102">Psalm 102</h2>
<p><span class="ver"M
>1</span>A Prayer of the afflicted, when he is overwhelmed, and poureth out his complaint before the LORD. Hear my prayer, O LORD, and let my cry come unto thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Hide not thy face from me in the day when I am in trouble; incline thine ear unto me: in the day when I call answer me speedily. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>For my days are consumed like smoke, and my bones are burned as an hearth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>My heart is smitten, and withered like grasM
s; so that I forget to eat my bread. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>By reason of the voice of my groaning my bones cleave to my skin. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>I am like a pelican of the wilderness: I am like an owl of the desert. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>I watch, and am as a sparrow alone upon the house top. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Mine enemies reproach me all the day; and they that are mad against me are sworn against me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>For I have eaM
ten ashes like bread, and mingled my drink with weeping, </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Because of thine indignation and thy wrath: for thou hast lifted me up, and cast me down. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>My days are like a shadow that declineth; and I am withered like grass. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>But thou, O LORD, shalt endure for ever; and thy remembrance unto all generations. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Thou shalt arise, and have mercy upon Zion: for the time to favourM
her, yea, the set time, is come. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>For thy servants take pleasure in her stones, and favour the dust thereof. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>So the heathen shall fear the name of the LORD, and all the kings of the earth thy glory. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>When the LORD shall build up Zion, he shall appear in his glory. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>He will regard the prayer of the destitute, and not despise their prayer. </p>
<p><span class="ver">1M
8</span>This shall be written for the generation to come: and the people which shall be created shall praise the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>For he hath looked down from the height of his sanctuary; from heaven did the LORD behold the earth; </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>To hear the groaning of the prisoner; to loose those that are appointed to death; </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>To declare the name of the LORD in Zion, and his praise in Jerusalem; </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</sM
pan>When the people are gathered together, and the kingdoms, to serve the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>He weakened my strength in the way; he shortened my days. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>I said, O my God, take me not away in the midst of my days: thy years are throughout all generations. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>Of old hast thou laid the foundation of the earth: and the heavens are the work of thy hands. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>They shall perish, but thou shalt M
endure: yea, all of them shall wax old like a garment; as a vesture shalt thou change them, and they shall be changed: </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>But thou art the same, and thy years shall have no end. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>The children of thy servants shall continue, and their seed shall be established before thee. </p>
<h2 id="c103">Psalm 103</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm of David. Bless the LORD, O my soul: and all that is within me, bless his holy name. </p>
span class="ver">2</span>Bless the LORD, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits: </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Who forgiveth all thine iniquities; who healeth all thy diseases; </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Who redeemeth thy life from destruction; who crowneth thee with lovingkindness and tender mercies; </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Who satisfieth thy mouth with good things; so that thy youth is renewed like the eagle
<p><span class="ver">6</span>The LORD executeth righteousneM
ss and judgment for all that are oppressed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>He made known his ways unto Moses, his acts unto the children of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>The LORD is merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and plenteous in mercy. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>He will not always chide: neither will he keep his anger for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>He hath not dealt with us after our sins; nor rewarded us according to our iniquities. </p>
<p><span class="veM
r">11</span>For as the heaven is high above the earth, so great is his mercy toward them that fear him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>As far as the east is from the west, so far hath he removed our transgressions from us. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Like as a father pitieth his children, so the LORD pitieth them that fear him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>For he knoweth our frame; he remembereth that we are dust. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>As for man, his days are as grass: as M
a flower of the field, so he flourisheth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>For the wind passeth over it, and it is gone; and the place thereof shall know it no more. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>But the mercy of the LORD is from everlasting to everlasting upon them that fear him, and his righteousness unto children
<p><span class="ver">18</span>To such as keep his covenant, and to those that remember his commandments to do them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>The LORD hathM
prepared his throne in the heavens; and his kingdom ruleth over all. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Bless the LORD, ye his angels, that excel in strength, that do his commandments, hearkening unto the voice of his word. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Bless ye the LORD, all ye his hosts; ye ministers of his, that do his pleasure. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Bless the LORD, all his works in all places of his dominion: bless the LORD, O my soul. </p>
<h2 id="c104">Psalm 104</h2>
n class="ver">1</span>Bless the LORD, O my soul. O LORD my God, thou art very great; thou art clothed with honour and majesty. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Who coverest thyself with light as with a garment: who stretchest out the heavens like a curtain: </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Who layeth the beams of his chambers in the waters: who maketh the clouds his chariot: who walketh upon the wings of the wind: </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Who maketh his angels spirits; his ministers a flaming fiM
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Who laid the foundations of the earth, that it should not be removed for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Thou coveredst it with the deep as with a garment: the waters stood above the mountains. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>At thy rebuke they fled; at the voice of thy thunder they hasted away. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>They go up by the mountains; they go down by the valleys unto the place which thou hast founded for them. </p>
"ver">9</span>Thou hast set a bound that they may not pass over; that they turn not again to cover the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>He sendeth the springs into the valleys, which run among the hills. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>They give drink to every beast of the field: the wild asses quench their thirst. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>By them shall the fowls of the heaven have their habitation, which sing among the branches. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>He watereth the hM
ills from his chambers: the earth is satisfied with the fruit of thy works. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>He causeth the grass to grow for the cattle, and herb for the service of man: that he may bring forth food out of the earth; </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And wine that maketh glad the heart of man, and oil to make his face to shine, and bread which strengtheneth man
<p><span class="ver">16</span>The trees of the LORD are full of sap; the cedars of Lebanon, which he hath plantM
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Where the birds make their nests: as for the stork, the fir trees are her house. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>The high hills are a refuge for the wild goats; and the rocks for the conies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>He appointed the moon for seasons: the sun knoweth his going down. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Thou makest darkness, and it is night: wherein all the beasts of the forest do creep forth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>The younM
g lions roar after their prey, and seek their meat from God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>The sun ariseth, they gather themselves together, and lay them down in their dens. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>Man goeth forth unto his work and to his labour until the evening. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>O LORD, how manifold are thy works! in wisdom hast thou made them all: the earth is full of thy riches. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>So is this great and wide sea, wherein are things creM
eping innumerable, both small and great beasts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>There go the ships: there is that leviathan, whom thou hast made to play therein. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>These wait all upon thee; that thou mayest give them their meat in due season. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>That thou givest them they gather: thou openest thine hand, they are filled with good. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>Thou hidest thy face, they are troubled: thou takest away their breath, M
they die, and return to their dust. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>Thou sendest forth thy spirit, they are created: and thou renewest the face of the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>The glory of the LORD shall endure for ever: the LORD shall rejoice in his works. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>He looketh on the earth, and it trembleth: he toucheth the hills, and they smoke. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>I will sing unto the LORD as long as I live: I will sing praise to my God whilM
e I have my being. </p>
<p><span class="ver">34</span>My meditation of him shall be sweet: I will be glad in the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">35</span>Let the sinners be consumed out of the earth, and let the wicked be no more. Bless thou the LORD, O my soul. Praise ye the LORD. </p>
<h2 id="c105">Psalm 105</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>O give thanks unto the LORD; call upon his name: make known his deeds among the people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Sing unto him, sing psalms unto him:M
talk ye of all his wondrous works. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Glory ye in his holy name: let the heart of them rejoice that seek the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Seek the LORD, and his strength: seek his face evermore. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Remember his marvellous works that he hath done; his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth; </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>O ye seed of Abraham his servant, ye children of Jacob his chosen. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>He iM
s the LORD our God: his judgments are in all the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>He hath remembered his covenant for ever, the word which he commanded to a thousand generations. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Which covenant he made with Abraham, and his oath unto Isaac; </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And confirmed the same unto Jacob for a law, and to Israel for an everlasting covenant: </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Saying, Unto thee will I give the land of Canaan, the lot of your iM
<p><span class="ver">12</span>When they were but a few men in number; yea, very few, and strangers in it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>When they went from one nation to another, from one kingdom to another people; </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>He suffered no man to do them wrong: yea, he reproved kings for their sakes; </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Saying, Touch not mine anointed, and do my prophets no harm. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Moreover he called for a M
famine upon the land: he brake the whole staff of bread. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>He sent a man before them, even Joseph, who was sold for a servant: </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Whose feet they hurt with fetters: he was laid in iron: </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Until the time that his word came: the word of the LORD tried him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>The king sent and loosed him; even the ruler of the people, and let him go free. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>HM
e made him lord of his house, and ruler of all his substance: </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>To bind his princes at his pleasure; and teach his senators wisdom. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>Israel also came into Egypt; and Jacob sojourned in the land of Ham. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And he increased his people greatly; and made them stronger than their enemies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>He turned their heart to hate his people, to deal subtilly with his servants. </p>
<span class="ver">26</span>He sent Moses his servant; and Aaron whom he had chosen. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>They shewed his signs among them, and wonders in the land of Ham. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>He sent darkness, and made it dark; and they rebelled not against his word. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>He turned their waters into blood, and slew their fish. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>Their land brought forth frogs in abundance, in the chambers of their kings. </p>
p><span class="ver">31</span>He spake, and there came divers sorts of flies, and lice in all their coasts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>He gave them hail for rain, and flaming fire in their land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>He smote their vines also and their fig trees; and brake the trees of their coasts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">34</span>He spake, and the locusts came, and caterpillers, and that without number, </p>
<p><span class="ver">35</span>And did eat up all the herbs in their landM
, and devoured the fruit of their ground. </p>
<p><span class="ver">36</span>He smote also all the firstborn in their land, the chief of all their strength. </p>
<p><span class="ver">37</span>He brought them forth also with silver and gold: and there was not one feeble person among their tribes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">38</span>Egypt was glad when they departed: for the fear of them fell upon them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">39</span>He spread a cloud for a covering; and fire to give light in the nightM
<p><span class="ver">40</span>The people asked, and he brought quails, and satisfied them with the bread of heaven. </p>
<p><span class="ver">41</span>He opened the rock, and the waters gushed out; they ran in the dry places like a river. </p>
<p><span class="ver">42</span>For he remembered his holy promise, and Abraham his servant. </p>
<p><span class="ver">43</span>And he brought forth his people with joy, and his chosen with gladness: </p>
<p><span class="ver">44</span>And gave them the lanM
ds of the heathen: and they inherited the labour of the people; </p>
<p><span class="ver">45</span>That they might observe his statutes, and keep his laws. Praise ye the LORD. </p>
<h2 id="c106">Psalm 106</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Praise ye the LORD. O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good: for his mercy endureth for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Who can utter the mighty acts of the LORD? who can shew forth all his praise? </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Blessed are they thatM
keep judgment, and he that doeth righteousness at all times. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Remember me, O LORD, with the favour that thou bearest unto thy people: O visit me with thy salvation; </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>That I may see the good of thy chosen, that I may rejoice in the gladness of thy nation, that I may glory with thine inheritance. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>We have sinned with our fathers, we have committed iniquity, we have done wickedly. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7M
</span>Our fathers understood not thy wonders in Egypt; they remembered not the multitude of thy mercies; but provoked him at the sea, even at the Red sea. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Nevertheless he saved them for his name
s sake, that he might make his mighty power to be known. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>He rebuked the Red sea also, and it was dried up: so he led them through the depths, as through the wilderness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And he saved them from the hand of him thM
at hated them, and redeemed them from the hand of the enemy. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And the waters covered their enemies: there was not one of them left. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Then believed they his words; they sang his praise. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>They soon forgat his works; they waited not for his counsel: </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>But lusted exceedingly in the wilderness, and tempted God in the desert. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And he gave tM
hem their request; but sent leanness into their soul. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>They envied Moses also in the camp, and Aaron the saint of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>The earth opened and swallowed up Dathan, and covered the company of Abiram. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And a fire was kindled in their company; the flame burned up the wicked. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>They made a calf in Horeb, and worshipped the molten image. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</spM
an>Thus they changed their glory into the similitude of an ox that eateth grass. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>They forgat God their saviour, which had done great things in Egypt; </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Wondrous works in the land of Ham, and terrible things by the Red sea. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>Therefore he said that he would destroy them, had not Moses his chosen stood before him in the breach, to turn away his wrath, lest he should destroy them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">M
24</span>Yea, they despised the pleasant land, they believed not his word: </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>But murmured in their tents, and hearkened not unto the voice of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>Therefore he lifted up his hand against them, to overthrow them in the wilderness: </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>To overthrow their seed also among the nations, and to scatter them in the lands. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>They joined themselves also unto Baal-peor, and ate tM
he sacrifices of the dead. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>Thus they provoked him to anger with their inventions: and the plague brake in upon them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>Then stood up Phinehas, and executed judgment: and so the plague was stayed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>And that was counted unto him for righteousness unto all generations for evermore. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>They angered him also at the waters of strife, so that it went ill with Moses for their sakM
<p><span class="ver">33</span>Because they provoked his spirit, so that he spake unadvisedly with his lips. </p>
<p><span class="ver">34</span>They did not destroy the nations, concerning whom the LORD commanded them: </p>
<p><span class="ver">35</span>But were mingled among the heathen, and learned their works. </p>
<p><span class="ver">36</span>And they served their idols: which were a snare unto them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">37</span>Yea, they sacrificed their sons and their daughters uM
<p><span class="ver">38</span>And shed innocent blood, even the blood of their sons and of their daughters, whom they sacrificed unto the idols of Canaan: and the land was polluted with blood. </p>
<p><span class="ver">39</span>Thus were they defiled with their own works, and went a whoring with their own inventions. </p>
<p><span class="ver">40</span>Therefore was the wrath of the LORD kindled against his people, insomuch that he abhorred his own inheritance. </p>
<p><span class="ver">M
41</span>And he gave them into the hand of the heathen; and they that hated them ruled over them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">42</span>Their enemies also oppressed them, and they were brought into subjection under their hand. </p>
<p><span class="ver">43</span>Many times did he deliver them; but they provoked him with their counsel, and were brought low for their iniquity. </p>
<p><span class="ver">44</span>Nevertheless he regarded their affliction, when he heard their cry: </p>
<p><span class="ver">45</sM
pan>And he remembered for them his covenant, and repented according to the multitude of his mercies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">46</span>He made them also to be pitied of all those that carried them captives. </p>
<p><span class="ver">47</span>Save us, O LORD our God, and gather us from among the heathen, to give thanks unto thy holy name, and to triumph in thy praise. </p>
<p><span class="ver">48</span>Blessed be the LORD God of Israel from everlasting to everlasting: and let all the people say, Amen. PraiM
se ye the LORD. </p>
<h2 id="c107">Psalm 107</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>O give thanks unto the LORD, for he is good: for his mercy endureth for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Let the redeemed of the LORD say so, whom he hath redeemed from the hand of the enemy; </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And gathered them out of the lands, from the east, and from the west, from the north, and from the south. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>They wandered in the wilderness in a solitary way; tM
hey found no city to dwell in. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Hungry and thirsty, their soul fainted in them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Then they cried unto the LORD in their trouble, and he delivered them out of their distresses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And he led them forth by the right way, that they might go to a city of habitation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Oh that men would praise the LORD for his goodness, and for his wonderful works to the children of men! </p>
><span class="ver">9</span>For he satisfieth the longing soul, and filleth the hungry soul with goodness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Such as sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, being bound in affliction and iron; </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Because they rebelled against the words of God, and contemned the counsel of the most High: </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Therefore he brought down their heart with labour; they fell down, and there was none to help. </p>
<p><span class="vM
er">13</span>Then they cried unto the LORD in their trouble, and he saved them out of their distresses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>He brought them out of darkness and the shadow of death, and brake their bands in sunder. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Oh that men would praise the LORD for his goodness, and for his wonderful works to the children of men! </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>For he hath broken the gates of brass, and cut the bars of iron in sunder. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</M
span>Fools because of their transgression, and because of their iniquities, are afflicted. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Their soul abhorreth all manner of meat; and they draw near unto the gates of death. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Then they cry unto the LORD in their trouble, and he saveth them out of their distresses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>He sent his word, and healed them, and delivered them from their destructions. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Oh that men would praisM
e the LORD for his goodness, and for his wonderful works to the children of men! </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And let them sacrifice the sacrifices of thanksgiving, and declare his works with rejoicing. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>They that go down to the sea in ships, that do business in great waters; </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>These see the works of the LORD, and his wonders in the deep. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>For he commandeth, and raiseth the stormy wind, which lifteM
th up the waves thereof. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>They mount up to the heaven, they go down again to the depths: their soul is melted because of trouble. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>They reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man, and are at their wits
<p><span class="ver">28</span>Then they cry unto the LORD in their trouble, and he bringeth them out of their distresses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>He maketh the storm a calm, so that the waves thereof are stillM
<p><span class="ver">30</span>Then are they glad because they be quiet; so he bringeth them unto their desired haven. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>Oh that men would praise the LORD for his goodness, and for his wonderful works to the children of men! </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>Let them exalt him also in the congregation of the people, and praise him in the assembly of the elders. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>He turneth rivers into a wilderness, and the watersprings into dry grM
<p><span class="ver">34</span>A fruitful land into barrenness, for the wickedness of them that dwell therein. </p>
<p><span class="ver">35</span>He turneth the wilderness into a standing water, and dry ground into watersprings. </p>
<p><span class="ver">36</span>And there he maketh the hungry to dwell, that they may prepare a city for habitation; </p>
<p><span class="ver">37</span>And sow the fields, and plant vineyards, which may yield fruits of increase. </p>
<p><span class="ver">38</spaM
n>He blesseth them also, so that they are multiplied greatly; and suffereth not their cattle to decrease. </p>
<p><span class="ver">39</span>Again, they are minished and brought low through oppression, affliction, and sorrow. </p>
<p><span class="ver">40</span>He poureth contempt upon princes, and causeth them to wander in the wilderness, where there is no way. </p>
<p><span class="ver">41</span>Yet setteth he the poor on high from affliction, and maketh him families like a flock. </p>
<p><span class="vM
er">42</span>The righteous shall see it, and rejoice: and all iniquity shall stop her mouth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">43</span>Whoso is wise, and will observe these things, even they shall understand the lovingkindness of the LORD. </p>
<h2 id="c108">Psalm 108</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Song or Psalm of David. O God, my heart is fixed; I will sing and give praise, even with my glory. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Awake, psaltery and harp: I myself will awake early. </p>
"ver">3</span>I will praise thee, O LORD, among the people: and I will sing praises unto thee among the nations. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>For thy mercy is great above the heavens: and thy truth reacheth unto the clouds. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Be thou exalted, O God, above the heavens: and thy glory above all the earth; </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>That thy beloved may be delivered: save with thy right hand, and answer me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>God hath spoken in his M
holiness; I will rejoice, I will divide Shechem, and mete out the valley of Succoth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Gilead is mine; Manasseh is mine; Ephraim also is the strength of mine head; Judah is my lawgiver; </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Moab is my washpot; over Edom will I cast out my shoe; over Philistia will I triumph. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Who will bring me into the strong city? who will lead me into Edom? </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Wilt not thou, O God, who hast cM
ast us off? and wilt not thou, O God, go forth with our hosts? </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Give us help from trouble: for vain is the help of man. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Through God we shall do valiantly: for he it is that shall tread down our enemies. </p>
<h2 id="c109">Psalm 109</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. Hold not thy peace, O God of my praise; </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>For the mouth of the wicked and the mouth of the deceiM
tful are opened against me: they have spoken against me with a lying tongue. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>They compassed me about also with words of hatred; and fought against me without a cause. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>For my love they are my adversaries: but I give myself unto prayer. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And they have rewarded me evil for good, and hatred for my love. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Set thou a wicked man over him: and let Satan stand at his right hand. <M
<p><span class="ver">7</span>When he shall be judged, let him be condemned: and let his prayer become sin. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Let his days be few; and let another take his office. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Let his children be fatherless, and his wife a widow. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Let his children be continually vagabonds, and beg: let them seek their bread also out of their desolate places. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Let the extortioner catch all that M
he hath; and let the strangers spoil his labour. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Let there be none to extend mercy unto him: neither let there be any to favour his fatherless children. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Let his posterity be cut off; and in the generation following let their name be blotted out. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Let the iniquity of his fathers be remembered with the LORD; and let not the sin of his mother be blotted out. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Let them beM
before the LORD continually, that he may cut off the memory of them from the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Because that he remembered not to shew mercy, but persecuted the poor and needy man, that he might even slay the broken in heart. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>As he loved cursing, so let it come unto him: as he delighted not in blessing, so let it be far from him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>As he clothed himself with cursing like as with his garment, so let it come into his M
bowels like water, and like oil into his bones. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Let it be unto him as the garment which covereth him, and for a girdle wherewith he is girded continually. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Let this be the reward of mine adversaries from the LORD, and of them that speak evil against my soul. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>But do thou for me, O GOD the Lord, for thy name
s sake: because thy mercy is good, deliver thou me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>For I aM
m poor and needy, and my heart is wounded within me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>I am gone like the shadow when it declineth: I am tossed up and down as the locust. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>My knees are weak through fasting; and my flesh faileth of fatness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>I became also a reproach unto them: when they looked upon me they shaked their heads. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>Help me, O LORD my God: O save me according to thy mercy: </p>
ass="ver">27</span>That they may know that this is thy hand; that thou, LORD, hast done it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>Let them curse, but bless thou: when they arise, let them be ashamed; but let thy servant rejoice. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>Let mine adversaries be clothed with shame, and let them cover themselves with their own confusion, as with a mantle. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>I will greatly praise the LORD with my mouth; yea, I will praise him among the multitude. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>For he shall stand at the right hand of the poor, to save him from those that condemn his soul. </p>
<h2 id="c110">Psalm 110</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm of David. The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou at my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>The LORD shall send the rod of thy strength out of Zion: rule thou in the midst of thine enemies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Thy people shall be willing in the dM
ay of thy power, in the beauties of holiness from the womb of the morning: thou hast the dew of thy youth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>The LORD hath sworn, and will not repent, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>The Lord at thy right hand shall strike through kings in the day of his wrath. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>He shall judge among the heathen, he shall fill the places with the dead bodies; he shall wound the heads over many countrM
<p><span class="ver">7</span>He shall drink of the brook in the way: therefore shall he lift up the head. </p>
<h2 id="c111">Psalm 111</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Praise ye the LORD. I will praise the LORD with my whole heart, in the assembly of the upright, and in the congregation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>The works of the LORD are great, sought out of all them that have pleasure therein. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>His work is honourable and glorious: and his righteoM
usness endureth for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>He hath made his wonderful works to be remembered: the LORD is gracious and full of compassion. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>He hath given meat unto them that fear him: he will ever be mindful of his covenant. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>He hath shewed his people the power of his works, that he may give them the heritage of the heathen. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>The works of his hands are verity and judgment; all his commandmM
<p><span class="ver">8</span>They stand fast for ever and ever, and are done in truth and uprightness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>He sent redemption unto his people: he hath commanded his covenant for ever: holy and reverend is his name. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom: a good understanding have all they that do his commandments: his praise endureth for ever. </p>
<h2 id="c112">Psalm 112</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>PM
raise ye the LORD. Blessed is the man that feareth the LORD, that delighteth greatly in his commandments. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>His seed shall be mighty upon earth: the generation of the upright shall be blessed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Wealth and riches shall be in his house: and his righteousness endureth for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Unto the upright there ariseth light in the darkness: he is gracious, and full of compassion, and righteous. </p>
<p><span class="verM
">5</span>A good man sheweth favour, and lendeth: he will guide his affairs with discretion. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Surely he shall not be moved for ever: the righteous shall be in everlasting remembrance. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>He shall not be afraid of evil tidings: his heart is fixed, trusting in the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>His heart is established, he shall not be afraid, until he see his desire upon his enemies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>He hath dispersM
ed, he hath given to the poor; his righteousness endureth for ever; his horn shall be exalted with honour. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>The wicked shall see it, and be grieved; he shall gnash with his teeth, and melt away: the desire of the wicked shall perish. </p>
<h2 id="c113">Psalm 113</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Praise ye the LORD. Praise, O ye servants of the LORD, praise the name of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Blessed be the name of the LORD from this time forth and fM
<p><span class="ver">3</span>From the rising of the sun unto the going down of the same the LORD
s name is to be praised. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>The LORD is high above all nations, and his glory above the heavens. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Who is like unto the LORD our God, who dwelleth on high, </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Who humbleth himself to behold the things that are in heaven, and in the earth! </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>He raiseth up the pooM
r out of the dust, and lifteth the needy out of the dunghill; </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>That he may set him with princes, even with the princes of his people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>He maketh the barren woman to keep house, and to be a joyful mother of children. Praise ye the LORD. </p>
<h2 id="c114">Psalm 114</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>When Israel went out of Egypt, the house of Jacob from a people of strange language; </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Judah was his sanctuM
ary, and Israel his dominion. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>The sea saw it, and fled: Jordan was driven back. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>The mountains skipped like rams, and the little hills like lambs. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>What ailed thee, O thou sea, that thou fleddest? thou Jordan, that thou wast driven back? </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Ye mountains, that ye skipped like rams; and ye little hills, like lambs? </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Tremble, thou earth, at tM
he presence of the Lord, at the presence of the God of Jacob; </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Which turned the rock into a standing water, the flint into a fountain of waters. </p>
<h2 id="c115">Psalm 115</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Not unto us, O LORD, not unto us, but unto thy name give glory, for thy mercy, and for thy truth
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Wherefore should the heathen say, Where is now their God? </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>But our God is in the heavens:M
he hath done whatsoever he hath pleased. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Their idols are silver and gold, the work of men
<p><span class="ver">5</span>They have mouths, but they speak not: eyes have they, but they see not: </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>They have ears, but they hear not: noses have they, but they smell not: </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>They have hands, but they handle not: feet have they, but they walk not: neither speak they through their throat. </p>
span class="ver">8</span>They that make them are like unto them; so is every one that trusteth in them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>O Israel, trust thou in the LORD: he is their help and their shield. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>O house of Aaron, trust in the LORD: he is their help and their shield. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Ye that fear the LORD, trust in the LORD: he is their help and their shield. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>The LORD hath been mindful of us: he will blessM
us; he will bless the house of Israel; he will bless the house of Aaron. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>He will bless them that fear the LORD, both small and great. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>The LORD shall increase you more and more, you and your children. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Ye are blessed of the LORD which made heaven and earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>The heaven, even the heavens, are the LORD
s: but the earth hath he given to the children of men. </p>
<span class="ver">17</span>The dead praise not the LORD, neither any that go down into silence. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>But we will bless the LORD from this time forth and for evermore. Praise the LORD. </p>
<h2 id="c116">Psalm 116</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>I love the LORD, because he hath heard my voice and my supplications. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Because he hath inclined his ear unto me, therefore will I call upon him as long as I live. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</spM
an>The sorrows of death compassed me, and the pains of hell gat hold upon me: I found trouble and sorrow. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Then called I upon the name of the LORD; O LORD, I beseech thee, deliver my soul. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Gracious is the LORD, and righteous; yea, our God is merciful. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>The LORD preserveth the simple: I was brought low, and he helped me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Return unto thy rest, O my soul; for the LORD hath dM
ealt bountifully with thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>For thou hast delivered my soul from death, mine eyes from tears, and my feet from falling. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>I will walk before the LORD in the land of the living. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>I believed, therefore have I spoken: I was greatly afflicted: </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>I said in my haste, All men are liars. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>What shall I render unto the LORD for all his benefits tM
<p><span class="ver">13</span>I will take the cup of salvation, and call upon the name of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>I will pay my vows unto the LORD now in the presence of all his people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Precious in the sight of the LORD is the death of his saints. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>O LORD, truly I am thy servant; I am thy servant, and the son of thine handmaid: thou hast loosed my bonds. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>I will oM
ffer to thee the sacrifice of thanksgiving, and will call upon the name of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>I will pay my vows unto the LORD now in the presence of all his people, </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>In the courts of the LORD
s house, in the midst of thee, O Jerusalem. Praise ye the LORD. </p>
<h2 id="c117">Psalm 117</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>O praise the LORD, all ye nations: praise him, all ye people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>For his merciful kindness M
is great toward us: and the truth of the LORD endureth for ever. Praise ye the LORD. </p>
<h2 id="c118">Psalm 118</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good: because his mercy endureth for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Let Israel now say, that his mercy endureth for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Let the house of Aaron now say, that his mercy endureth for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Let them now that fear the LORD say, that his mercy M
endureth for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>I called upon the LORD in distress: the LORD answered me, and set me in a large place. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>The LORD is on my side; I will not fear: what can man do unto me? </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>The LORD taketh my part with them that help me: therefore shall I see my desire upon them that hate me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>It is better to trust in the LORD than to put confidence in man. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9<M
/span>It is better to trust in the LORD than to put confidence in princes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>All nations compassed me about: but in the name of the LORD will I destroy them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>They compassed me about; yea, they compassed me about: but in the name of the LORD I will destroy them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>They compassed me about like bees; they are quenched as the fire of thorns: for in the name of the LORD I will destroy them. </p>
s="ver">13</span>Thou hast thrust sore at me that I might fall: but the LORD helped me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>The LORD is my strength and song, and is become my salvation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>The voice of rejoicing and salvation is in the tabernacles of the righteous: the right hand of the LORD doeth valiantly. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>The right hand of the LORD is exalted: the right hand of the LORD doeth valiantly. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>I shall not diM
e, but live, and declare the works of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>The LORD hath chastened me sore: but he hath not given me over unto death. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Open to me the gates of righteousness: I will go into them, and I will praise the LORD: </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>This gate of the LORD, into which the righteous shall enter. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>I will praise thee: for thou hast heard me, and art become my salvation. </p>
"ver">22</span>The stone which the builders refused is become the head stone of the corner. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>This is the LORD
s doing; it is marvellous in our eyes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>This is the day which the LORD hath made; we will rejoice and be glad in it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>Save now, I beseech thee, O LORD: O LORD, I beseech thee, send now prosperity. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>Blessed be he that cometh in the name of the LORD: we have bleM
ssed you out of the house of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>God is the LORD, which hath shewed us light: bind the sacrifice with cords, even unto the horns of the altar. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>Thou art my God, and I will praise thee: thou art my God, I will exalt thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good: for his mercy endureth for ever. </p>
<h2 id="c119">Psalm 119</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Blessed are the undefiled in theM
way, who walk in the law of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Blessed are they that keep his testimonies, and that seek him with the whole heart. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>They also do no iniquity: they walk in his ways. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Thou hast commanded us to keep thy precepts diligently. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>O that my ways were directed to keep thy statutes! </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Then shall I not be ashamed, when I have respect unto alM
l thy commandments. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>I will praise thee with uprightness of heart, when I shall have learned thy righteous judgments. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>I will keep thy statutes: O forsake me not utterly. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Wherewithal shall a young man cleanse his way? by taking heed thereto according to thy word. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>With my whole heart have I sought thee: O let me not wander from thy commandments. </p>
<p><span class="veM
r">11</span>Thy word have I hid in mine heart, that I might not sin against thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Blessed art thou, O LORD: teach me thy statutes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>With my lips have I declared all the judgments of thy mouth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>I have rejoiced in the way of thy testimonies, as much as in all riches. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>I will meditate in thy precepts, and have respect unto thy ways. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>M
I will delight myself in thy statutes: I will not forget thy word. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Deal bountifully with thy servant, that I may live, and keep thy word. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Open thou mine eyes, that I may behold wondrous things out of thy law. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>I am a stranger in the earth: hide not thy commandments from me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>My soul breaketh for the longing that it hath unto thy judgments at all times. </p>
n class="ver">21</span>Thou hast rebuked the proud that are cursed, which do err from thy commandments. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Remove from me reproach and contempt; for I have kept thy testimonies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>Princes also did sit and speak against me: but thy servant did meditate in thy statutes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>Thy testimonies also are my delight and my counsellors. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>My soul cleaveth unto the dust: quicken thou me M
according to thy word. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>I have declared my ways, and thou heardest me: teach me thy statutes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>Make me to understand the way of thy precepts: so shall I talk of thy wondrous works. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>My soul melteth for heaviness: strengthen thou me according unto thy word. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>Remove from me the way of lying: and grant me thy law graciously. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>I have choM
sen the way of truth: thy judgments have I laid before me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>I have stuck unto thy testimonies: O LORD, put me not to shame. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>I will run the way of thy commandments, when thou shalt enlarge my heart. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>Teach me, O LORD, the way of thy statutes; and I shall keep it unto the end. </p>
<p><span class="ver">34</span>Give me understanding, and I shall keep thy law; yea, I shall observe it with my whole heart. M
<p><span class="ver">35</span>Make me to go in the path of thy commandments; for therein do I delight. </p>
<p><span class="ver">36</span>Incline my heart unto thy testimonies, and not to covetousness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">37</span>Turn away mine eyes from beholding vanity; and quicken thou me in thy way. </p>
<p><span class="ver">38</span>Stablish thy word unto thy servant, who is devoted to thy fear. </p>
<p><span class="ver">39</span>Turn away my reproach which I fear: for thy judgments M
<p><span class="ver">40</span>Behold, I have longed after thy precepts: quicken me in thy righteousness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">41</span>Let thy mercies come also unto me, O LORD, even thy salvation, according to thy word. </p>
<p><span class="ver">42</span>So shall I have wherewith to answer him that reproacheth me: for I trust in thy word. </p>
<p><span class="ver">43</span>And take not the word of truth utterly out of my mouth; for I have hoped in thy judgments. </p>
ss="ver">44</span>So shall I keep thy law continually for ever and ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">45</span>And I will walk at liberty: for I seek thy precepts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">46</span>I will speak of thy testimonies also before kings, and will not be ashamed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">47</span>And I will delight myself in thy commandments, which I have loved. </p>
<p><span class="ver">48</span>My hands also will I lift up unto thy commandments, which I have loved; and I will meditate in thy M
<p><span class="ver">49</span>Remember the word unto thy servant, upon which thou hast caused me to hope. </p>
<p><span class="ver">50</span>This is my comfort in my affliction: for thy word hath quickened me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">51</span>The proud have had me greatly in derision: yet have I not declined from thy law. </p>
<p><span class="ver">52</span>I remembered thy judgments of old, O LORD; and have comforted myself. </p>
<p><span class="ver">53</span>Horror hath taken hold uM
pon me because of the wicked that forsake thy law. </p>
<p><span class="ver">54</span>Thy statutes have been my songs in the house of my pilgrimage. </p>
<p><span class="ver">55</span>I have remembered thy name, O LORD, in the night, and have kept thy law. </p>
<p><span class="ver">56</span>This I had, because I kept thy precepts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">57</span>Thou art my portion, O LORD: I have said that I would keep thy words. </p>
<p><span class="ver">58</span>I intreated thy favour with my wM
hole heart: be merciful unto me according to thy word. </p>
<p><span class="ver">59</span>I thought on my ways, and turned my feet unto thy testimonies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">60</span>I made haste, and delayed not to keep thy commandments. </p>
<p><span class="ver">61</span>The bands of the wicked have robbed me: but I have not forgotten thy law. </p>
<p><span class="ver">62</span>At midnight I will rise to give thanks unto thee because of thy righteous judgments. </p>
<p><span class="ver">63</spM
an>I am a companion of all them that fear thee, and of them that keep thy precepts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">64</span>The earth, O LORD, is full of thy mercy: teach me thy statutes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">65</span>Thou hast dealt well with thy servant, O LORD, according unto thy word. </p>
<p><span class="ver">66</span>Teach me good judgment and knowledge: for I have believed thy commandments. </p>
<p><span class="ver">67</span>Before I was afflicted I went astray: but now have I kept thy word. </p>M
<p><span class="ver">68</span>Thou art good, and doest good; teach me thy statutes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">69</span>The proud have forged a lie against me: but I will keep thy precepts with my whole heart. </p>
<p><span class="ver">70</span>Their heart is as fat as grease; but I delight in thy law. </p>
<p><span class="ver">71</span>It is good for me that I have been afflicted; that I might learn thy statutes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">72</span>The law of thy mouth is better unto me than thousandM
s of gold and silver. </p>
<p><span class="ver">73</span>Thy hands have made me and fashioned me: give me understanding, that I may learn thy commandments. </p>
<p><span class="ver">74</span>They that fear thee will be glad when they see me; because I have hoped in thy word. </p>
<p><span class="ver">75</span>I know, O LORD, that thy judgments are right, and that thou in faithfulness hast afflicted me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">76</span>Let, I pray thee, thy merciful kindness be for my comfort, accordinM
g to thy word unto thy servant. </p>
<p><span class="ver">77</span>Let thy tender mercies come unto me, that I may live: for thy law is my delight. </p>
<p><span class="ver">78</span>Let the proud be ashamed; for they dealt perversely with me without a cause: but I will meditate in thy precepts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">79</span>Let those that fear thee turn unto me, and those that have known thy testimonies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">80</span>Let my heart be sound in thy statutes; that I be not ashameM
<p><span class="ver">81</span>My soul fainteth for thy salvation: but I hope in thy word. </p>
<p><span class="ver">82</span>Mine eyes fail for thy word, saying, When wilt thou comfort me? </p>
<p><span class="ver">83</span>For I am become like a bottle in the smoke; yet do I not forget thy statutes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">84</span>How many are the days of thy servant? when wilt thou execute judgment on them that persecute me? </p>
<p><span class="ver">85</span>The proud have digged pits fM
or me, which are not after thy law. </p>
<p><span class="ver">86</span>All thy commandments are faithful: they persecute me wrongfully; help thou me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">87</span>They had almost consumed me upon earth; but I forsook not thy precepts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">88</span>Quicken me after thy lovingkindness; so shall I keep the testimony of thy mouth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">89</span>For ever, O LORD, thy word is settled in heaven. </p>
<p><span class="ver">90</span>Thy faithfulnM
ess is unto all generations: thou hast established the earth, and it abideth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">91</span>They continue this day according to thine ordinances: for all are thy servants. </p>
<p><span class="ver">92</span>Unless thy law had been my delights, I should then have perished in mine affliction. </p>
<p><span class="ver">93</span>I will never forget thy precepts: for with them thou hast quickened me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">94</span>I am thine, save me; for I have sought thy precepts. M
<p><span class="ver">95</span>The wicked have waited for me to destroy me: but I will consider thy testimonies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">96</span>I have seen an end of all perfection: but thy commandment is exceeding broad. </p>
<p><span class="ver">97</span>O how love I thy law! it is my meditation all the day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">98</span>Thou through thy commandments hast made me wiser than mine enemies: for they are ever with me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">99</span>I have more understaM
nding than all my teachers: for thy testimonies are my meditation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">100</span>I understand more than the ancients, because I keep thy precepts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">101</span>I have refrained my feet from every evil way, that I might keep thy word. </p>
<p><span class="ver">102</span>I have not departed from thy judgments: for thou hast taught me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">103</span>How sweet are thy words unto my taste! yea, sweeter than honey to my mouth! </p>
class="ver">104</span>Through thy precepts I get understanding: therefore I hate every false way. </p>
<p><span class="ver">105</span>Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path. </p>
<p><span class="ver">106</span>I have sworn, and I will perform it, that I will keep thy righteous judgments. </p>
<p><span class="ver">107</span>I am afflicted very much: quicken me, O LORD, according unto thy word. </p>
<p><span class="ver">108</span>Accept, I beseech thee, the freewill offerings of my mouM
th, O LORD, and teach me thy judgments. </p>
<p><span class="ver">109</span>My soul is continually in my hand: yet do I not forget thy law. </p>
<p><span class="ver">110</span>The wicked have laid a snare for me: yet I erred not from thy precepts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">111</span>Thy testimonies have I taken as an heritage for ever: for they are the rejoicing of my heart. </p>
<p><span class="ver">112</span>I have inclined mine heart to perform thy statutes alway, even unto the end. </p>
class="ver">113</span>I hate vain thoughts: but thy law do I love. </p>
<p><span class="ver">114</span>Thou art my hiding place and my shield: I hope in thy word. </p>
<p><span class="ver">115</span>Depart from me, ye evildoers: for I will keep the commandments of my God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">116</span>Uphold me according unto thy word, that I may live: and let me not be ashamed of my hope. </p>
<p><span class="ver">117</span>Hold thou me up, and I shall be safe: and I will have respect unto thy stM
atutes continually. </p>
<p><span class="ver">118</span>Thou hast trodden down all them that err from thy statutes: for their deceit is falsehood. </p>
<p><span class="ver">119</span>Thou puttest away all the wicked of the earth like dross: therefore I love thy testimonies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">120</span>My flesh trembleth for fear of thee; and I am afraid of thy judgments. </p>
<p><span class="ver">121</span>I have done judgment and justice: leave me not to mine oppressors. </p>
"ver">122</span>Be surety for thy servant for good: let not the proud oppress me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">123</span>Mine eyes fail for thy salvation, and for the word of thy righteousness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">124</span>Deal with thy servant according unto thy mercy, and teach me thy statutes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">125</span>I am thy servant; give me understanding, that I may know thy testimonies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">126</span>It is time for thee, LORD, to work: for they have made void M
<p><span class="ver">127</span>Therefore I love thy commandments above gold; yea, above fine gold. </p>
<p><span class="ver">128</span>Therefore I esteem all thy precepts concerning all things to be right; and I hate every false way. </p>
<p><span class="ver">129</span>Thy testimonies are wonderful: therefore doth my soul keep them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">130</span>The entrance of thy words giveth light; it giveth understanding unto the simple. </p>
<p><span class="ver">131</span>I oM
pened my mouth, and panted: for I longed for thy commandments. </p>
<p><span class="ver">132</span>Look thou upon me, and be merciful unto me, as thou usest to do unto those that love thy name. </p>
<p><span class="ver">133</span>Order my steps in thy word: and let not any iniquity have dominion over me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">134</span>Deliver me from the oppression of man: so will I keep thy precepts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">135</span>Make thy face to shine upon thy servant; and teach me thy statM
<p><span class="ver">136</span>Rivers of waters run down mine eyes, because they keep not thy law. </p>
<p><span class="ver">137</span>Righteous art thou, O LORD, and upright are thy judgments. </p>
<p><span class="ver">138</span>Thy testimonies that thou hast commanded are righteous and very faithful. </p>
<p><span class="ver">139</span>My zeal hath consumed me, because mine enemies have forgotten thy words. </p>
<p><span class="ver">140</span>Thy word is very pure: therefore thy servant M
<p><span class="ver">141</span>I am small and despised: yet do not I forget thy precepts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">142</span>Thy righteousness is an everlasting righteousness, and thy law is the truth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">143</span>Trouble and anguish have taken hold on me: yet thy commandments are my delights. </p>
<p><span class="ver">144</span>The righteousness of thy testimonies is everlasting: give me understanding, and I shall live. </p>
<p><span class="ver">145</span>I cM
ried with my whole heart; hear me, O LORD: I will keep thy statutes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">146</span>I cried unto thee; save me, and I shall keep thy testimonies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">147</span>I prevented the dawning of the morning, and cried: I hoped in thy word. </p>
<p><span class="ver">148</span>Mine eyes prevent the night watches, that I might meditate in thy word. </p>
<p><span class="ver">149</span>Hear my voice according unto thy lovingkindness: O LORD, quicken me according to thy judgM
<p><span class="ver">150</span>They draw nigh that follow after mischief: they are far from thy law. </p>
<p><span class="ver">151</span>Thou art near, O LORD; and all thy commandments are truth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">152</span>Concerning thy testimonies, I have known of old that thou hast founded them for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">153</span>Consider mine affliction, and deliver me: for I do not forget thy law. </p>
<p><span class="ver">154</span>Plead my cause, and deliver me: qM
uicken me according to thy word. </p>
<p><span class="ver">155</span>Salvation is far from the wicked: for they seek not thy statutes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">156</span>Great are thy tender mercies, O LORD: quicken me according to thy judgments. </p>
<p><span class="ver">157</span>Many are my persecutors and mine enemies; yet do I not decline from thy testimonies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">158</span>I beheld the transgressors, and was grieved; because they kept not thy word. </p>
<p><span class="veM
r">159</span>Consider how I love thy precepts: quicken me, O LORD, according to thy lovingkindness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">160</span>Thy word is true from the beginning: and every one of thy righteous judgments endureth for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">161</span>Princes have persecuted me without a cause: but my heart standeth in awe of thy word. </p>
<p><span class="ver">162</span>I rejoice at thy word, as one that findeth great spoil. </p>
<p><span class="ver">163</span>I hate and abhor lying: bM
ut thy law do I love. </p>
<p><span class="ver">164</span>Seven times a day do I praise thee because of thy righteous judgments. </p>
<p><span class="ver">165</span>Great peace have they which love thy law: and nothing shall offend them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">166</span>LORD, I have hoped for thy salvation, and done thy commandments. </p>
<p><span class="ver">167</span>My soul hath kept thy testimonies; and I love them exceedingly. </p>
<p><span class="ver">168</span>I have kept thy precepts and tM
hy testimonies: for all my ways are before thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">169</span>Let my cry come near before thee, O LORD: give me understanding according to thy word. </p>
<p><span class="ver">170</span>Let my supplication come before thee: deliver me according to thy word. </p>
<p><span class="ver">171</span>My lips shall utter praise, when thou hast taught me thy statutes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">172</span>My tongue shall speak of thy word: for all thy commandments are righteousness. </p>
><span class="ver">173</span>Let thine hand help me; for I have chosen thy precepts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">174</span>I have longed for thy salvation, O LORD; and thy law is my delight. </p>
<p><span class="ver">175</span>Let my soul live, and it shall praise thee; and let thy judgments help me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">176</span>I have gone astray like a lost sheep; seek thy servant; for I do not forget thy commandments. </p>
<h2 id="c120">Psalm 120</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Song of dM
egrees. In my distress I cried unto the LORD, and he heard me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Deliver my soul, O LORD, from lying lips, and from a deceitful tongue. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>What shall be given unto thee? or what shall be done unto thee, thou false tongue? </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Sharp arrows of the mighty, with coals of juniper. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Woe is me, that I sojourn in Mesech, that I dwell in the tents of Kedar! </p>
<p><span class="ver">6<M
/span>My soul hath long dwelt with him that hateth peace. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>I am for peace: but when I speak, they are for war. </p>
<h2 id="c121">Psalm 121</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Song of degrees. I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills, from whence cometh my help. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>My help cometh from the LORD, which made heaven and earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>He will not suffer thy foot to be moved: he that keepeth thee will not slumber. </M
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Behold, he that keepeth Israel shall neither slumber nor sleep. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>The LORD is thy keeper: the LORD is thy shade upon thy right hand. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>The sun shall not smite thee by day, nor the moon by night. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>The LORD shall preserve thee from all evil: he shall preserve thy soul. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>The LORD shall preserve thy going out and thy coming in from this time forM
th, and even for evermore. </p>
<h2 id="c122">Psalm 122</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Song of degrees of David. I was glad when they said unto me, Let us go into the house of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Our feet shall stand within thy gates, O Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Jerusalem is builded as a city that is compact together: </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Whither the tribes go up, the tribes of the LORD, unto the testimony of Israel, to give thanks unto thM
e name of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>For there are set thrones of judgment, the thrones of the house of David. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Pray for the peace of Jerusalem: they shall prosper that love thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Peace be within thy walls, and prosperity within thy palaces. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>For my brethren and companions
sakes, I will now say, Peace be within thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Because of the house of the LORDM
our God I will seek thy good. </p>
<h2 id="c123">Psalm 123</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Song of degrees. Unto thee lift I up mine eyes, O thou that dwellest in the heavens. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Behold, as the eyes of servants look unto the hand of their masters, and as the eyes of a maiden unto the hand of her mistress; so our eyes wait upon the LORD our God, until that he have mercy upon us. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Have mercy upon us, O LORD, have mercy upon us: for we aM
re exceedingly filled with contempt. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Our soul is exceedingly filled with the scorning of those that are at ease, and with the contempt of the proud. </p>
<h2 id="c124">Psalm 124</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Song of degrees of David. If it had not been the LORD who was on our side, now may Israel say; </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>If it had not been the LORD who was on our side, when men rose up against us: </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Then they had sM
wallowed us up quick, when their wrath was kindled against us: </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Then the waters had overwhelmed us, the stream had gone over our soul: </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Then the proud waters had gone over our soul. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Blessed be the LORD, who hath not given us as a prey to their teeth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Our soul is escaped as a bird out of the snare of the fowlers: the snare is broken, and we are escaped. </p>
ass="ver">8</span>Our help is in the name of the LORD, who made heaven and earth. </p>
<h2 id="c125">Psalm 125</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Song of degrees. They that trust in the LORD shall be as mount Zion, which cannot be removed, but abideth for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>As the mountains are round about Jerusalem, so the LORD is round about his people from henceforth even for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>For the rod of the wicked shall not rest upon the lot of the riM
ghteous; lest the righteous put forth their hands unto iniquity. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Do good, O LORD, unto those that be good, and to them that are upright in their hearts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>As for such as turn aside unto their crooked ways, the LORD shall lead them forth with the workers of iniquity: but peace shall be upon Israel. </p>
<h2 id="c126">Psalm 126</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Song of degrees. When the LORD turned again the captivity of Zion, we were liM
ke them that dream. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Then was our mouth filled with laughter, and our tongue with singing: then said they among the heathen, The LORD hath done great things for them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>The LORD hath done great things for us; whereof we are glad. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Turn again our captivity, O LORD, as the streams in the south. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>They that sow in tears shall reap in joy. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>He M
that goeth forth and weepeth, bearing precious seed, shall doubtless come again with rejoicing, bringing his sheaves with him. </p>
<h2 id="c127">Psalm 127</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Song of degrees for Solomon. Except the LORD build the house, they labour in vain that build it: except the LORD keep the city, the watchman waketh but in vain. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>It is vain for you to rise up early, to sit up late, to eat the bread of sorrows: for so he giveth his beloved sleep. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Lo, children are an heritage of the LORD: and the fruit of the womb is his reward. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>As arrows are in the hand of a mighty man; so are children of the youth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Happy is the man that hath his quiver full of them: they shall not be ashamed, but they shall speak with the enemies in the gate. </p>
<h2 id="c128">Psalm 128</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Song of degrees. Blessed is every one that feareth the LM
ORD; that walketh in his ways. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>For thou shalt eat the labour of thine hands: happy shalt thou be, and it shall be well with thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Thy wife shall be as a fruitful vine by the sides of thine house: thy children like olive plants round about thy table. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Behold, that thus shall the man be blessed that feareth the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>The LORD shall bless thee out of Zion: and thou shalt seM
e the good of Jerusalem all the days of thy life. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Yea, thou shalt see thy children
s children, and peace upon Israel. </p>
<h2 id="c129">Psalm 129</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Song of degrees. Many a time have they afflicted me from my youth, may Israel now say: </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Many a time have they afflicted me from my youth: yet they have not prevailed against me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>The plowers plowed upon my back: they maM
de long their furrows. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>The LORD is righteous: he hath cut asunder the cords of the wicked. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Let them all be confounded and turned back that hate Zion. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Let them be as the grass upon the housetops, which withereth afore it groweth up: </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Wherewith the mower filleth not his hand; nor he that bindeth sheaves his bosom. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Neither do they which M
go by say, The blessing of the LORD be upon you: we bless you in the name of the LORD. </p>
<h2 id="c130">Psalm 130</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Song of degrees. Out of the depths have I cried unto thee, O LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Lord, hear my voice: let thine ears be attentive to the voice of my supplications. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>If thou, LORD, shouldest mark iniquities, O Lord, who shall stand? </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>But there is forgiveness with theM
e, that thou mayest be feared. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>I wait for the LORD, my soul doth wait, and in his word do I hope. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>My soul waiteth for the Lord more than they that watch for the morning: I say, more than they that watch for the morning. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Let Israel hope in the LORD: for with the LORD there is mercy, and with him is plenteous redemption. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And he shall redeem Israel from all his iniquities.M
<h2 id="c131">Psalm 131</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Song of degrees of David. LORD, my heart is not haughty, nor mine eyes lofty: neither do I exercise myself in great matters, or in things too high for me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Surely I have behaved and quieted myself, as a child that is weaned of his mother: my soul is even as a weaned child. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Let Israel hope in the LORD from henceforth and for ever. </p>
<h2 id="c132">Psalm 132</h2>
p><span class="ver">1</span>A Song of degrees. LORD, remember David, and all his afflictions: </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>How he sware unto the LORD, and vowed unto the mighty God of Jacob; </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Surely I will not come into the tabernacle of my house, nor go up into my bed; </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>I will not give sleep to mine eyes, or slumber to mine eyelids, </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Until I find out a place for the LORD, an habitation for the mightyM
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Lo, we heard of it at Ephratah: we found it in the fields of the wood. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>We will go into his tabernacles: we will worship at his footstool. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Arise, O LORD, into thy rest; thou, and the ark of thy strength. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Let thy priests be clothed with righteousness; and let thy saints shout for joy. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>For thy servant David
not away the face of thine anointed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>The LORD hath sworn in truth unto David; he will not turn from it; Of the fruit of thy body will I set upon thy throne. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>If thy children will keep my covenant and my testimony that I shall teach them, their children shall also sit upon thy throne for evermore. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>For the LORD hath chosen Zion; he hath desired it for his habitation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>M
This is my rest for ever: here will I dwell; for I have desired it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>I will abundantly bless her provision: I will satisfy her poor with bread. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>I will also clothe her priests with salvation: and her saints shall shout aloud for joy. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>There will I make the horn of David to bud: I have ordained a lamp for mine anointed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>His enemies will I clothe with shame: but upon himM
self shall his crown flourish. </p>
<h2 id="c133">Psalm 133</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Song of degrees of David. Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity! </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>It is like the precious ointment upon the head, that ran down upon the beard, even Aaron
s beard: that went down to the skirts of his garments; </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>As the dew of Hermon, and as the dew that descended upon the mountains of Zion: for there M
the LORD commanded the blessing, even life for evermore. </p>
<h2 id="c134">Psalm 134</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Song of degrees. Behold, bless ye the LORD, all ye servants of the LORD, which by night stand in the house of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Lift up your hands in the sanctuary, and bless the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>The LORD that made heaven and earth bless thee out of Zion. </p>
<h2 id="c135">Psalm 135</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Praise ye M
the LORD. Praise ye the name of the LORD; praise him, O ye servants of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Ye that stand in the house of the LORD, in the courts of the house of our God, </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Praise the LORD; for the LORD is good: sing praises unto his name; for it is pleasant. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>For the LORD hath chosen Jacob unto himself, and Israel for his peculiar treasure. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>For I know that the LORD is great, and thaM
t our Lord is above all gods. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Whatsoever the LORD pleased, that did he in heaven, and in earth, in the seas, and all deep places. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>He causeth the vapours to ascend from the ends of the earth; he maketh lightnings for the rain; he bringeth the wind out of his treasuries. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Who smote the firstborn of Egypt, both of man and beast. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Who sent tokens and wonders into the midst ofM
thee, O Egypt, upon Pharaoh, and upon all his servants. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Who smote great nations, and slew mighty kings; </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Sihon king of the Amorites, and Og king of Bashan, and all the kingdoms of Canaan: </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And gave their land for an heritage, an heritage unto Israel his people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Thy name, O LORD, endureth for ever; and thy memorial, O LORD, throughout all generations. </p>
class="ver">14</span>For the LORD will judge his people, and he will repent himself concerning his servants. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>The idols of the heathen are silver and gold, the work of men
<p><span class="ver">16</span>They have mouths, but they speak not; eyes have they, but they see not; </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>They have ears, but they hear not; neither is there any breath in their mouths. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>They that make them are like untoM
them: so is every one that trusteth in them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Bless the LORD, O house of Israel: bless the LORD, O house of Aaron: </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Bless the LORD, O house of Levi: ye that fear the LORD, bless the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Blessed be the LORD out of Zion, which dwelleth at Jerusalem. Praise ye the LORD. </p>
<h2 id="c136">Psalm 136</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good: for his mercy endurethM
<p><span class="ver">2</span>O give thanks unto the God of gods: for his mercy endureth for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>O give thanks to the Lord of lords: for his mercy endureth for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>To him who alone doeth great wonders: for his mercy endureth for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>To him that by wisdom made the heavens: for his mercy endureth for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>To him that stretched out the earth above M
the waters: for his mercy endureth for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>To him that made great lights: for his mercy endureth for ever: </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>The sun to rule by day: for his mercy endureth for ever: </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>The moon and stars to rule by night: for his mercy endureth for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>To him that smote Egypt in their firstborn: for his mercy endureth for ever: </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And brought out IsraM
el from among them: for his mercy endureth for ever: </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>With a strong hand, and with a stretched out arm: for his mercy endureth for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>To him which divided the Red sea into parts: for his mercy endureth for ever: </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And made Israel to pass through the midst of it: for his mercy endureth for ever: </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>But overthrew Pharaoh and his host in the Red sea: for his mercy enduretM
<p><span class="ver">16</span>To him which led his people through the wilderness: for his mercy endureth for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>To him which smote great kings: for his mercy endureth for ever: </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And slew famous kings: for his mercy endureth for ever: </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Sihon king of the Amorites: for his mercy endureth for ever: </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And Og the king of Bashan: for his mercy endureth fM
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And gave their land for an heritage: for his mercy endureth for ever: </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Even an heritage unto Israel his servant: for his mercy endureth for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>Who remembered us in our low estate: for his mercy endureth for ever: </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And hath redeemed us from our enemies: for his mercy endureth for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>Who giveth food to all flesh: for M
his mercy endureth for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>O give thanks unto the God of heaven: for his mercy endureth for ever. </p>
<h2 id="c137">Psalm 137</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down, yea, we wept, when we remembered Zion. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>We hanged our harps upon the willows in the midst thereof. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>For there they that carried us away captive required of us a song; and they that wasted us requM
ired of us mirth, saying, Sing us one of the songs of Zion. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>How shall we sing the LORD
s song in a strange land? </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>If I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth; if I prefer not Jerusalem above my chief joy. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Remember, O LORD, the children of Edom in the day of Jerusalem; who sM
aid, Rase it, rase it, even to the foundation thereof. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>O daughter of Babylon, who art to be destroyed; happy shall he be, that rewardeth thee as thou hast served us. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Happy shall he be, that taketh and dasheth thy little ones against the stones. </p>
<h2 id="c138">Psalm 138</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm of David. I will praise thee with my whole heart: before the gods will I sing praise unto thee. </p>
<p><span class="verM
">2</span>I will worship toward thy holy temple, and praise thy name for thy lovingkindness and for thy truth: for thou hast magnified thy word above all thy name. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>In the day when I cried thou answeredst me, and strengthenedst me with strength in my soul. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>All the kings of the earth shall praise thee, O LORD, when they hear the words of thy mouth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Yea, they shall sing in the ways of the LORD: for great is tM
he glory of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Though the LORD be high, yet hath he respect unto the lowly: but the proud he knoweth afar off. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Though I walk in the midst of trouble, thou wilt revive me: thou shalt stretch forth thine hand against the wrath of mine enemies, and thy right hand shall save me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>The LORD will perfect that which concerneth me: thy mercy, O LORD, endureth for ever: forsake not the works of thine own handsM
<h2 id="c139">Psalm 139</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. O LORD, thou hast searched me, and known me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Thou knowest my downsitting and mine uprising, thou understandest my thought afar off. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Thou compassest my path and my lying down, and art acquainted with all my ways. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>For there is not a word in my tongue, but, lo, O LORD, thou knowest it altogether. <M
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Thou hast beset me behind and before, and laid thine hand upon me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Such knowledge is too wonderful for me; it is high, I cannot attain unto it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Whither shall I go from thy spirit? or whither shall I flee from thy presence? </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>If I ascend up into heaven, thou art there: if I make my bed in hell, behold, thou art there. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>If I take the wingsM
of the morning, and dwell in the uttermost parts of the sea; </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Even there shall thy hand lead me, and thy right hand shall hold me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>If I say, Surely the darkness shall cover me; even the night shall be light about me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Yea, the darkness hideth not from thee; but the night shineth as the day: the darkness and the light are both alike to thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>For thou hast possessed myM
reins: thou hast covered me in my mother
<p><span class="ver">14</span>I will praise thee; for I am fearfully and wonderfully made: marvellous are thy works; and that my soul knoweth right well. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>My substance was not hid from thee, when I was made in secret, and curiously wrought in the lowest parts of the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Thine eyes did see my substance, yet being unperfect; and in thy book all my members were written, which in conM
tinuance were fashioned, when as yet there was none of them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>How precious also are thy thoughts unto me, O God! how great is the sum of them! </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>If I should count them, they are more in number than the sand: when I awake, I am still with thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Surely thou wilt slay the wicked, O God: depart from me therefore, ye bloody men. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>For they speak against thee wickedly, and thiM
ne enemies take thy name in vain. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Do not I hate them, O LORD, that hate thee? and am not I grieved with those that rise up against thee? </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>I hate them with perfect hatred: I count them mine enemies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>Search me, O God, and know my heart: try me, and know my thoughts: </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And see if there be any wicked way in me, and lead me in the way everlasting. </p>
<h2 id="c140">PsaM
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. Deliver me, O LORD, from the evil man: preserve me from the violent man; </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Which imagine mischiefs in their heart; continually are they gathered together for war. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>They have sharpened their tongues like a serpent; adders
poison is under their lips. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Keep me, O LORD, from the hands of the wicked; preserve me from the M
violent man; who have purposed to overthrow my goings. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>The proud have hid a snare for me, and cords; they have spread a net by the wayside; they have set gins for me. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>I said unto the LORD, Thou art my God: hear the voice of my supplications, O LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>O GOD the Lord, the strength of my salvation, thou hast covered my head in the day of battle. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Grant not, O LORD, thM
e desires of the wicked: further not his wicked device; lest they exalt themselves. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>As for the head of those that compass me about, let the mischief of their own lips cover them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Let burning coals fall upon them: let them be cast into the fire; into deep pits, that they rise not up again. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Let not an evil speaker be established in the earth: evil shall hunt the violent man to overthrow him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>I know that the LORD will maintain the cause of the afflicted, and the right of the poor. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Surely the righteous shall give thanks unto thy name: the upright shall dwell in thy presence. </p>
<h2 id="c141">Psalm 141</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm of David. LORD, I cry unto thee: make haste unto me; give ear unto my voice, when I cry unto thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Let my prayer be set forth before thee as incense; aM
nd the lifting up of my hands as the evening sacrifice. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Set a watch, O LORD, before my mouth; keep the door of my lips. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Incline not my heart to any evil thing, to practise wicked works with men that work iniquity: and let me not eat of their dainties. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Let the righteous smite me; it shall be a kindness: and let him reprove me; it shall be an excellent oil, which shall not break my head: for yet my prayer alM
so shall be in their calamities. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>When their judges are overthrown in stony places, they shall hear my words; for they are sweet. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Our bones are scattered at the grave
s mouth, as when one cutteth and cleaveth wood upon the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>But mine eyes are unto thee, O GOD the Lord: in thee is my trust; leave not my soul destitute. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Keep me from the snares which they have laid fM
or me, and the gins of the workers of iniquity. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Let the wicked fall into their own nets, whilst that I withal escape. </p>
<h2 id="c142">Psalm 142</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Maschil of David; A Prayer when he was in the cave. I cried unto the LORD with my voice; with my voice unto the LORD did I make my supplication. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>I poured out my complaint before him; I shewed before him my trouble. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>When M
my spirit was overwhelmed within me, then thou knewest my path. In the way wherein I walked have they privily laid a snare for me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>I looked on my right hand, and beheld, but there was no man that would know me: refuge failed me; no man cared for my soul. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>I cried unto thee, O LORD: I said, Thou art my refuge and my portion in the land of the living. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Attend unto my cry; for I am brought very low: deliver me M
from my persecutors; for they are stronger than I. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Bring my soul out of prison, that I may praise thy name: the righteous shall compass me about; for thou shalt deal bountifully with me. </p>
<h2 id="c143">Psalm 143</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A Psalm of David. Hear my prayer, O LORD, give ear to my supplications: in thy faithfulness answer me, and in thy righteousness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>And enter not into judgment with thy servant: for in thy sigM
ht shall no man living be justified. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>For the enemy hath persecuted my soul; he hath smitten my life down to the ground; he hath made me to dwell in darkness, as those that have been long dead. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Therefore is my spirit overwhelmed within me; my heart within me is desolate. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>I remember the days of old; I meditate on all thy works; I muse on the work of thy hands. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>I stretch fM
orth my hands unto thee: my soul thirsteth after thee, as a thirsty land. Selah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Hear me speedily, O LORD: my spirit faileth: hide not thy face from me, lest I be like unto them that go down into the pit. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Cause me to hear thy lovingkindness in the morning; for in thee do I trust: cause me to know the way wherein I should walk; for I lift up my soul unto thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Deliver me, O LORD, from mine enemies: I flee uM
nto thee to hide me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Teach me to do thy will; for thou art my God: thy spirit is good; lead me into the land of uprightness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Quicken me, O LORD, for thy name
s sake: for thy righteousness
sake bring my soul out of trouble. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And of thy mercy cut off mine enemies, and destroy all them that afflict my soul: for I am thy servant. </p>
<h2 id="c144">Psalm 144</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A PsM
alm of David. Blessed be the LORD my strength, which teacheth my hands to war, and my fingers to fight: </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>My goodness, and my fortress; my high tower, and my deliverer; my shield, and he in whom I trust; who subdueth my people under me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>LORD, what is man, that thou takest knowledge of him! or the son of man, that thou makest account of him! </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Man is like to vanity: his days are as a shadow that passeth away. <M
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Bow thy heavens, O LORD, and come down: touch the mountains, and they shall smoke. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Cast forth lightning, and scatter them: shoot out thine arrows, and destroy them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Send thine hand from above; rid me, and deliver me out of great waters, from the hand of strange children; </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Whose mouth speaketh vanity, and their right hand is a right hand of falsehood. </p>
s="ver">9</span>I will sing a new song unto thee, O God: upon a psaltery and an instrument of ten strings will I sing praises unto thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>It is he that giveth salvation unto kings: who delivereth David his servant from the hurtful sword. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Rid me, and deliver me from the hand of strange children, whose mouth speaketh vanity, and their right hand is a right hand of falsehood: </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>That our sons may be as plants M
grown up in their youth; that our daughters may be as corner stones, polished after the similitude of a palace: </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>That our garners may be full, affording all manner of store: that our sheep may bring forth thousands and ten thousands in our streets: </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>That our oxen may be strong to labour; that there be no breaking in, nor going out; that there be no complaining in our streets. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Happy is that people, that isM
in such a case: yea, happy is that people, whose God is the LORD. </p>
<h2 id="c145">Psalm 145</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>David
s Psalm of praise. I will extol thee, my God, O king; and I will bless thy name for ever and ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Every day will I bless thee; and I will praise thy name for ever and ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Great is the LORD, and greatly to be praised; and his greatness is unsearchable. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>One generM
ation shall praise thy works to another, and shall declare thy mighty acts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>I will speak of the glorious honour of thy majesty, and of thy wondrous works. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And men shall speak of the might of thy terrible acts: and I will declare thy greatness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>They shall abundantly utter the memory of thy great goodness, and shall sing of thy righteousness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>The LORD is gracious, and fulM
l of compassion; slow to anger, and of great mercy. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>The LORD is good to all: and his tender mercies are over all his works. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>All thy works shall praise thee, O LORD; and thy saints shall bless thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>They shall speak of the glory of thy kingdom, and talk of thy power; </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>To make known to the sons of men his mighty acts, and the glorious majesty of his kingdom. </p>
<span class="ver">13</span>Thy kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and thy dominion endureth throughout all generations. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>The LORD upholdeth all that fall, and raiseth up all those that be bowed down. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>The eyes of all wait upon thee; and thou givest them their meat in due season. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Thou openest thine hand, and satisfiest the desire of every living thing. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>The LORD is righM
teous in all his ways, and holy in all his works. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>The LORD is nigh unto all them that call upon him, to all that call upon him in truth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>He will fulfil the desire of them that fear him: he also will hear their cry, and will save them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>The LORD preserveth all them that love him: but all the wicked will he destroy. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>My mouth shall speak the praise of the LORD: and let M
all flesh bless his holy name for ever and ever. </p>
<h2 id="c146">Psalm 146</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Praise ye the LORD. Praise the LORD, O my soul. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>While I live will I praise the LORD: I will sing praises unto my God while I have any being. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Put not your trust in princes, nor in the son of man, in whom there is no help. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>His breath goeth forth, he returneth to his earth; in that very day hM
is thoughts perish. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Happy is he that hath the God of Jacob for his help, whose hope is in the LORD his God: </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Which made heaven, and earth, the sea, and all that therein is: which keepeth truth for ever: </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Which executeth judgment for the oppressed: which giveth food to the hungry. The LORD looseth the prisoners: </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>The LORD openeth the eyes of the blind: the LORD raiseth themM
that are bowed down: the LORD loveth the righteous: </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>The LORD preserveth the strangers; he relieveth the fatherless and widow: but the way of the wicked he turneth upside down. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>The LORD shall reign for ever, even thy God, O Zion, unto all generations. Praise ye the LORD. </p>
<h2 id="c147">Psalm 147</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Praise ye the LORD: for it is good to sing praises unto our God; for it is pleasant; and praise is comeM
<p><span class="ver">2</span>The LORD doth build up Jerusalem: he gathereth together the outcasts of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>He healeth the broken in heart, and bindeth up their wounds. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>He telleth the number of the stars; he calleth them all by their names. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Great is our Lord, and of great power: his understanding is infinite. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>The LORD lifteth up the meek: he casteth the wicM
ked down to the ground. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Sing unto the LORD with thanksgiving; sing praise upon the harp unto our God: </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Who covereth the heaven with clouds, who prepareth rain for the earth, who maketh grass to grow upon the mountains. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>He giveth to the beast his food, and to the young ravens which cry. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>He delighteth not in the strength of the horse: he taketh not pleasure in the legs ofM
<p><span class="ver">11</span>The LORD taketh pleasure in them that fear him, in those that hope in his mercy. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Praise the LORD, O Jerusalem; praise thy God, O Zion. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>For he hath strengthened the bars of thy gates; he hath blessed thy children within thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>He maketh peace in thy borders, and filleth thee with the finest of the wheat. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>He sendeth forth hM
is commandment upon earth: his word runneth very swiftly. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>He giveth snow like wool: he scattereth the hoarfrost like ashes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>He casteth forth his ice like morsels: who can stand before his cold? </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>He sendeth out his word, and melteth them: he causeth his wind to blow, and the waters flow. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>He sheweth his word unto Jacob, his statutes and his judgments unto Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>He hath not dealt so with any nation: and as for his judgments, they have not known them. Praise ye the LORD. </p>
<h2 id="c148">Psalm 148</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Praise ye the LORD. Praise ye the LORD from the heavens: praise him in the heights. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Praise ye him, all his angels: praise ye him, all his hosts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Praise ye him, sun and moon: praise him, all ye stars of light. </p>
ver">4</span>Praise him, ye heavens of heavens, and ye waters that be above the heavens. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Let them praise the name of the LORD: for he commanded, and they were created. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>He hath also stablished them for ever and ever: he hath made a decree which shall not pass. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Praise the LORD from the earth, ye dragons, and all deeps: </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Fire, and hail; snow, and vapour; stormy wind fulfillM
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Mountains, and all hills; fruitful trees, and all cedars: </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Beasts, and all cattle; creeping things, and flying fowl: </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Kings of the earth, and all people; princes, and all judges of the earth: </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Both young men, and maidens; old men, and children: </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Let them praise the name of the LORD: for his name alone is excellent; his M
glory is above the earth and heaven. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>He also exalteth the horn of his people, the praise of all his saints; even of the children of Israel, a people near unto him. Praise ye the LORD. </p>
<h2 id="c149">Psalm 149</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Praise ye the LORD. Sing unto the LORD a new song, and his praise in the congregation of saints. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Let Israel rejoice in him that made him: let the children of Zion be joyful in their King. </pM
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Let them praise his name in the dance: let them sing praises unto him with the timbrel and harp. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>For the LORD taketh pleasure in his people: he will beautify the meek with salvation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Let the saints be joyful in glory: let them sing aloud upon their beds. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Let the high praises of God be in their mouth, and a twoedged sword in their hand; </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>M
To execute vengeance upon the heathen, and punishments upon the people; </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>To bind their kings with chains, and their nobles with fetters of iron; </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>To execute upon them the judgment written: this honour have all his saints. Praise ye the LORD. </p>
<h2 id="c150">Psalm 150</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Praise ye the LORD. Praise God in his sanctuary: praise him in the firmament of his power. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Praise hM
im for his mighty acts: praise him according to his excellent greatness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Praise him with the sound of the trumpet: praise him with the psaltery and harp. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Praise him with the timbrel and dance: praise him with stringed instruments and organs. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Praise him upon the loud cymbals: praise him upon the high sounding cymbals. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Let every thing that hath breath praise the LORD. PraL
ise ye the LORD. </p>
<p>Created by BitBible, 2023. Free to use and share for all purposes.</p>
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<title>EZEKIEL</title>
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<span>THE BOOK OF THE PROPHET</span>
<div class="content-table">
<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1M
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="#c10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="#c11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="#c12">12</a></li>
<li><a href="#c13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="#c14">14</a></li>
<li><a href="#c15">15</a></li>
<li><a href="#c17">17</a></li>
<li><a href="#c18">18</a></li>
<li><a href="#c19">19</a></li>
<li><a href="#c20">20</a></li>
<li><a href="#c21">21</a></li>
<li><a href="#c22">22</a></li>
<li><a href="#c23">23</a></li>
<li><a href="#c24">24</a></li>
<li><a href="#c25">25</a></li>
<li><a href="#c26">26</a></li>
<li><a href="#c27">27</a></li>
<li><a href="#c28">28</a></li>
<li><a href="#c29">29</a></li>
<li><a href="#c30">30</a></li>M
<li><a href="#c31">31</a></li>
<li><a href="#c32">32</a></li>
<li><a href="#c33">33</a></li>
<li><a href="#c34">34</a></li>
<li><a href="#c35">35</a></li>
<li><a href="#c36">36</a></li>
<li><a href="#c37">37</a></li>
<li><a href="#c38">38</a></li>
<li><a href="#c39">39</a></li>
<li><a href="#c40">40</a></li>
<li><a href="#c41">41</a></li>
<li><a href="#c42">42</a></li>
<li><a href="#c43">43</a></li>
<li><a href="#c44">44</a></li>
f="#c45">45</a></li>
<li><a href="#c46">46</a></li>
<li><a href="#c47">47</a></li>
<li><a href="#c48">48</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now it came to pass in the thirtieth year, in the fourth month, in the fifth day of the month, as I was among the captives by the river of Chebar, that the heavens were opened, and I saw visions of God. <span class="ver">2</span>In the fifth day of the month, which was the fifth year of king Jehoiachin
aptivity, <span class="ver">3</span>The word of the LORD came expressly unto Ezekiel the priest, the son of Buzi, in the land of the Chaldeans by the river Chebar; and the hand of the LORD was there upon him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And I looked, and, behold, a whirlwind came out of the north, a great cloud, and a fire infolding itself, and a brightness was about it, and out of the midst thereof as the colour of amber, out of the midst of the fire. <span class="ver">5</span>Also out of the midst thereofM
came the likeness of four living creatures. And this was their appearance; they had the likeness of a man. <span class="ver">6</span>And every one had four faces, and every one had four wings. <span class="ver">7</span>And their feet were straight feet; and the sole of their feet was like the sole of a calf
s foot: and they sparkled like the colour of burnished brass. <span class="ver">8</span>And they had the hands of a man under their wings on their four sides; and they four had their faces and their wings. <sM
pan class="ver">9</span>Their wings were joined one to another; they turned not when they went; they went every one straight forward. <span class="ver">10</span>As for the likeness of their faces, they four had the face of a man, and the face of a lion, on the right side: and they four had the face of an ox on the left side; they four also had the face of an eagle. <span class="ver">11</span>Thus were their faces: and their wings were stretched upward; two wings of every one were joined one to another, and two coveM
red their bodies. <span class="ver">12</span>And they went every one straight forward: whither the spirit was to go, they went; and they turned not when they went. <span class="ver">13</span>As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was like burning coals of fire, and like the appearance of lamps: it went up and down among the living creatures; and the fire was bright, and out of the fire went forth lightning. <span class="ver">14</span>And the living creatures ran and returned as the appearanceM
of a flash of lightning. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Now as I beheld the living creatures, behold one wheel upon the earth by the living creatures, with his four faces. <span class="ver">16</span>The appearance of the wheels and their work was like unto the colour of a beryl: and they four had one likeness: and their appearance and their work was as it were a wheel in the middle of a wheel. <span class="ver">17</span>When they went, they went upon their four sides: and they turned not when they went. <spaM
n class="ver">18</span>As for their rings, they were so high that they were dreadful; and their rings were full of eyes round about them four. <span class="ver">19</span>And when the living creatures went, the wheels went by them: and when the living creatures were lifted up from the earth, the wheels were lifted up. <span class="ver">20</span>Whithersoever the spirit was to go, they went, thither was their spirit to go; and the wheels were lifted up over against them: for the spirit of the living creature was in tM
he wheels. <span class="ver">21</span>When those went, these went; and when those stood, these stood; and when those were lifted up from the earth, the wheels were lifted up over against them: for the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels. <span class="ver">22</span>And the likeness of the firmament upon the heads of the living creature was as the colour of the terrible crystal, stretched forth over their heads above. <span class="ver">23</span>And under the firmament were their wings straight, the one toM
ward the other: every one had two, which covered on this side, and every one had two, which covered on that side, their bodies. <span class="ver">24</span>And when they went, I heard the noise of their wings, like the noise of great waters, as the voice of the Almighty, the voice of speech, as the noise of an host: when they stood, they let down their wings. <span class="ver">25</span>And there was a voice from the firmament that was over their heads, when they stood, and had let down their wings. </p>
lass="ver">26</span>And above the firmament that was over their heads was the likeness of a throne, as the appearance of a sapphire stone: and upon the likeness of the throne was the likeness as the appearance of a man above upon it. <span class="ver">27</span>And I saw as the colour of amber, as the appearance of fire round about within it, from the appearance of his loins even upward, and from the appearance of his loins even downward, I saw as it were the appearance of fire, and it had brightness round about. <sM
pan class="ver">28</span>As the appearance of the bow that is in the cloud in the day of rain, so was the appearance of the brightness round about. This was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the LORD. And when I saw it, I fell upon my face, and I heard a voice of one that spake.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And he said unto me, Son of man, stand upon thy feet, and I will speak unto thee. <span class="ver">2</span>And the spirit entered into me when he spake unto me, andM
set me upon my feet, that I heard him that spake unto me. <span class="ver">3</span>And he said unto me, Son of man, I send thee to the children of Israel, to a rebellious nation that hath rebelled against me: they and their fathers have transgressed against me, even unto this very day. <span class="ver">4</span>For they are impudent children and stiffhearted. I do send thee unto them; and thou shalt say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD. <span class="ver">5</span>And they, whether they will hear, or whether theyM
will forbear, (for they are a rebellious house,) yet shall know that there hath been a prophet among them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And thou, son of man, be not afraid of them, neither be afraid of their words, though briers and thorns be with thee, and thou dost dwell among scorpions: be not afraid of their words, nor be dismayed at their looks, though they be a rebellious house. <span class="ver">7</span>And thou shalt speak my words unto them, whether they will hear, or whether they will forbear: forM
they are most rebellious. <span class="ver">8</span>But thou, son of man, hear what I say unto thee; Be not thou rebellious like that rebellious house: open thy mouth, and eat that I give thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And when I looked, behold, an hand was sent unto me; and, lo, a roll of a book was therein; <span class="ver">10</span>And he spread it before me; and it was written within and without: and there was written therein lamentations, and mourning, and woe.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<span class="ver">1</span>Moreover he said unto me, Son of man, eat that thou findest; eat this roll, and go speak unto the house of Israel. <span class="ver">2</span>So I opened my mouth, and he caused me to eat that roll. <span class="ver">3</span>And he said unto me, Son of man, cause thy belly to eat, and fill thy bowels with this roll that I give thee. Then did I eat it; and it was in my mouth as honey for sweetness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And he said unto me, Son of man, go, get thee unto the houM
se of Israel, and speak with my words unto them. <span class="ver">5</span>For thou art not sent to a people of a strange speech and of an hard language, but to the house of Israel; <span class="ver">6</span>Not to many people of a strange speech and of an hard language, whose words thou canst not understand. Surely, had I sent thee to them, they would have hearkened unto thee. <span class="ver">7</span>But the house of Israel will not hearken unto thee; for they will not hearken unto me: for all the house of IsraeM
l are impudent and hardhearted. <span class="ver">8</span>Behold, I have made thy face strong against their faces, and thy forehead strong against their foreheads. <span class="ver">9</span>As an adamant harder than flint have I made thy forehead: fear them not, neither be dismayed at their looks, though they be a rebellious house. <span class="ver">10</span>Moreover he said unto me, Son of man, all my words that I shall speak unto thee receive in thine heart, and hear with thine ears. <span class="ver">11</span>AnM
d go, get thee to them of the captivity, unto the children of thy people, and speak unto them, and tell them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; whether they will hear, or whether they will forbear. <span class="ver">12</span>Then the spirit took me up, and I heard behind me a voice of a great rushing, saying, Blessed be the glory of the LORD from his place. <span class="ver">13</span>I heard also the noise of the wings of the living creatures that touched one another, and the noise of the wheels over against them, and a noiM
se of a great rushing. <span class="ver">14</span>So the spirit lifted me up, and took me away, and I went in bitterness, in the heat of my spirit; but the hand of the LORD was strong upon me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Then I came to them of the captivity at Tel-abib, that dwelt by the river of Chebar, and I sat where they sat, and remained there astonished among them seven days. <span class="ver">16</span>And it came to pass at the end of seven days, that the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <spanM
class="ver">17</span>Son of man, I have made thee a watchman unto the house of Israel: therefore hear the word at my mouth, and give them warning from me. <span class="ver">18</span>When I say unto the wicked, Thou shalt surely die; and thou givest him not warning, nor speakest to warn the wicked from his wicked way, to save his life; the same wicked man shall die in his iniquity; but his blood will I require at thine hand. <span class="ver">19</span>Yet if thou warn the wicked, and he turn not from his wickednessM
, nor from his wicked way, he shall die in his iniquity; but thou hast delivered thy soul. <span class="ver">20</span>Again, When a righteous man doth turn from his righteousness, and commit iniquity, and I lay a stumblingblock before him, he shall die: because thou hast not given him warning, he shall die in his sin, and his righteousness which he hath done shall not be remembered; but his blood will I require at thine hand. <span class="ver">21</span>Nevertheless if thou warn the righteous man, that the righteousM
sin not, and he doth not sin, he shall surely live, because he is warned; also thou hast delivered thy soul. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And the hand of the LORD was there upon me; and he said unto me, Arise, go forth into the plain, and I will there talk with thee. <span class="ver">23</span>Then I arose, and went forth into the plain: and, behold, the glory of the LORD stood there, as the glory which I saw by the river of Chebar: and I fell on my face. <span class="ver">24</span>Then the spirit entered M
into me, and set me upon my feet, and spake with me, and said unto me, Go, shut thyself within thine house. <span class="ver">25</span>But thou, O son of man, behold, they shall put bands upon thee, and shall bind thee with them, and thou shalt not go out among them: <span class="ver">26</span>And I will make thy tongue cleave to the roof of thy mouth, that thou shalt be dumb, and shalt not be to them a reprover: for they are a rebellious house. <span class="ver">27</span>But when I speak with thee, I will open thyM
mouth, and thou shalt say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; He that heareth, let him hear; and he that forbeareth, let him forbear: for they are a rebellious house.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Thou also, son of man, take thee a tile, and lay it before thee, and pourtray upon it the city, even Jerusalem: <span class="ver">2</span>And lay siege against it, and build a fort against it, and cast a mount against it; set the camp also against it, and set battering rams against it rounM
d about. <span class="ver">3</span>Moreover take thou unto thee an iron pan, and set it for a wall of iron between thee and the city: and set thy face against it, and it shall be besieged, and thou shalt lay siege against it. This shall be a sign to the house of Israel. <span class="ver">4</span>Lie thou also upon thy left side, and lay the iniquity of the house of Israel upon it: according to the number of the days that thou shalt lie upon it thou shalt bear their iniquity. <span class="ver">5</span>For I have laiM
d upon thee the years of their iniquity, according to the number of the days, three hundred and ninety days: so shalt thou bear the iniquity of the house of Israel. <span class="ver">6</span>And when thou hast accomplished them, lie again on thy right side, and thou shalt bear the iniquity of the house of Judah forty days: I have appointed thee each day for a year. <span class="ver">7</span>Therefore thou shalt set thy face toward the siege of Jerusalem, and thine arm shall be uncovered, and thou shalt prophesy agaM
inst it. <span class="ver">8</span>And, behold, I will lay bands upon thee, and thou shalt not turn thee from one side to another, till thou hast ended the days of thy siege. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Take thou also unto thee wheat, and barley, and beans, and lentiles, and millet, and fitches, and put them in one vessel, and make thee bread thereof, according to the number of the days that thou shalt lie upon thy side, three hundred and ninety days shalt thou eat thereof. <span class="ver">10</span>And thM
y meat which thou shalt eat shall be by weight, twenty shekels a day: from time to time shalt thou eat it. <span class="ver">11</span>Thou shalt drink also water by measure, the sixth part of an hin: from time to time shalt thou drink. <span class="ver">12</span>And thou shalt eat it as barley cakes, and thou shalt bake it with dung that cometh out of man, in their sight. <span class="ver">13</span>And the LORD said, Even thus shall the children of Israel eat their defiled bread among the Gentiles, whither I will dM
rive them. <span class="ver">14</span>Then said I, Ah Lord GOD! behold, my soul hath not been polluted: for from my youth up even till now have I not eaten of that which dieth of itself, or is torn in pieces; neither came there abominable flesh into my mouth. <span class="ver">15</span>Then he said unto me, Lo, I have given thee cow
s dung, and thou shalt prepare thy bread therewith. <span class="ver">16</span>Moreover he said unto me, Son of man, behold, I will break the staff of bread in JerusaM
lem: and they shall eat bread by weight, and with care; and they shall drink water by measure, and with astonishment: <span class="ver">17</span>That they may want bread and water, and be astonied one with another, and consume away for their iniquity.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And thou, son of man, take thee a sharp knife, take thee a barber
s razor, and cause it to pass upon thine head and upon thy beard: then take thee balances to weigh, and divide the hair. <span class="ver"M
>2</span>Thou shalt burn with fire a third part in the midst of the city, when the days of the siege are fulfilled: and thou shalt take a third part, and smite about it with a knife: and a third part thou shalt scatter in the wind; and I will draw out a sword after them. <span class="ver">3</span>Thou shalt also take thereof a few in number, and bind them in thy skirts. <span class="ver">4</span>Then take of them again, and cast them into the midst of the fire, and burn them in the fire; for thereof shall a fire coM
me forth into all the house of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; This is Jerusalem: I have set it in the midst of the nations and countries that are round about her. <span class="ver">6</span>And she hath changed my judgments into wickedness more than the nations, and my statutes more than the countries that are round about her: for they have refused my judgments and my statutes, they have not walked in them. <span class="ver">7</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because ye M
multiplied more than the nations that are round about you, and have not walked in my statutes, neither have kept my judgments, neither have done according to the judgments of the nations that are round about you; <span class="ver">8</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I, even I, am against thee, and will execute judgments in the midst of thee in the sight of the nations. <span class="ver">9</span>And I will do in thee that which I have not done, and whereunto I will not do any more the like, because ofM
all thine abominations. <span class="ver">10</span>Therefore the fathers shall eat the sons in the midst of thee, and the sons shall eat their fathers; and I will execute judgments in thee, and the whole remnant of thee will I scatter into all the winds. <span class="ver">11</span>Wherefore, as I live, saith the Lord GOD; Surely, because thou hast defiled my sanctuary with all thy detestable things, and with all thine abominations, therefore will I also diminish thee; neither shall mine eye spare, neither will I hM
<p><span class="ver">12</span>A third part of thee shall die with the pestilence, and with famine shall they be consumed in the midst of thee: and a third part shall fall by the sword round about thee; and I will scatter a third part into all the winds, and I will draw out a sword after them. <span class="ver">13</span>Thus shall mine anger be accomplished, and I will cause my fury to rest upon them, and I will be comforted: and they shall know that I the LORD have spoken it in my zeal, when I M
have accomplished my fury in them. <span class="ver">14</span>Moreover I will make thee waste, and a reproach among the nations that are round about thee, in the sight of all that pass by. <span class="ver">15</span>So it shall be a reproach and a taunt, an instruction and an astonishment unto the nations that are round about thee, when I shall execute judgments in thee in anger and in fury and in furious rebukes. I the LORD have spoken it. <span class="ver">16</span>When I shall send upon them the evil arrows of fM
amine, which shall be for their destruction, and which I will send to destroy you: and I will increase the famine upon you, and will break your staff of bread: <span class="ver">17</span>So will I send upon you famine and evil beasts, and they shall bereave thee; and pestilence and blood shall pass through thee; and I will bring the sword upon thee. I the LORD have spoken it.
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Son ofM
man, set thy face toward the mountains of Israel, and prophesy against them, <span class="ver">3</span>And say, Ye mountains of Israel, hear the word of the Lord GOD; Thus saith the Lord GOD to the mountains, and to the hills, to the rivers, and to the valleys; Behold, I, even I, will bring a sword upon you, and I will destroy your high places. <span class="ver">4</span>And your altars shall be desolate, and your images shall be broken: and I will cast down your slain men before your idols. <span class="ver">5</spM
an>And I will lay the dead carcases of the children of Israel before their idols; and I will scatter your bones round about your altars. <span class="ver">6</span>In all your dwellingplaces the cities shall be laid waste, and the high places shall be desolate; that your altars may be laid waste and made desolate, and your idols may be broken and cease, and your images may be cut down, and your works may be abolished. <span class="ver">7</span>And the slain shall fall in the midst of you, and ye shall know that I amM
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Yet will I leave a remnant, that ye may have some that shall escape the sword among the nations, when ye shall be scattered through the countries. <span class="ver">9</span>And they that escape of you shall remember me among the nations whither they shall be carried captives, because I am broken with their whorish heart, which hath departed from me, and with their eyes, which go a whoring after their idols: and they shall lothe themselves for the evils which they have M
committed in all their abominations. <span class="ver">10</span>And they shall know that I am the LORD, and that I have not said in vain that I would do this evil unto them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; Smite with thine hand, and stamp with thy foot, and say, Alas for all the evil abominations of the house of Israel! for they shall fall by the sword, by the famine, and by the pestilence. <span class="ver">12</span>He that is far off shall die of the pestilence; and he that is near sM
hall fall by the sword; and he that remaineth and is besieged shall die by the famine: thus will I accomplish my fury upon them. <span class="ver">13</span>Then shall ye know that I am the LORD, when their slain men shall be among their idols round about their altars, upon every high hill, in all the tops of the mountains, and under every green tree, and under every thick oak, the place where they did offer sweet savour to all their idols. <span class="ver">14</span>So will I stretch out my hand upon them, and makeM
the land desolate, yea, more desolate than the wilderness toward Diblath, in all their habitations: and they shall know that I am the LORD.
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Also, thou son of man, thus saith the Lord GOD unto the land of Israel; An end, the end is come upon the four corners of the land. <span class="ver">3</span>Now is the end come upon thee, and I will send mine anger upon thee, and will judgM
e thee according to thy ways, and will recompense upon thee all thine abominations. <span class="ver">4</span>And mine eye shall not spare thee, neither will I have pity: but I will recompense thy ways upon thee, and thine abominations shall be in the midst of thee: and ye shall know that I am the LORD. <span class="ver">5</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; An evil, an only evil, behold, is come. <span class="ver">6</span>An end is come, the end is come: it watcheth for thee; behold, it is come. <span class="ver">7</spM
an>The morning is come unto thee, O thou that dwellest in the land: the time is come, the day of trouble is near, and not the sounding again of the mountains. <span class="ver">8</span>Now will I shortly pour out my fury upon thee, and accomplish mine anger upon thee: and I will judge thee according to thy ways, and will recompense thee for all thine abominations. <span class="ver">9</span>And mine eye shall not spare, neither will I have pity: I will recompense thee according to thy ways and thine abominations thaM
t are in the midst of thee; and ye shall know that I am the LORD that smiteth. <span class="ver">10</span>Behold the day, behold, it is come: the morning is gone forth; the rod hath blossomed, pride hath budded. <span class="ver">11</span>Violence is risen up into a rod of wickedness: none of them shall remain, nor of their multitude, nor of any of theirs: neither shall there be wailing for them. <span class="ver">12</span>The time is come, the day draweth near: let not the buyer rejoice, nor the seller mourn: for M
wrath is upon all the multitude thereof. <span class="ver">13</span>For the seller shall not return to that which is sold, although they were yet alive: for the vision is touching the whole multitude thereof, which shall not return; neither shall any strengthen himself in the iniquity of his life. <span class="ver">14</span>They have blown the trumpet, even to make all ready; but none goeth to the battle: for my wrath is upon all the multitude thereof. <span class="ver">15</span>The sword is without, and the pestilM
ence and the famine within: he that is in the field shall die with the sword; and he that is in the city, famine and pestilence shall devour him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>But they that escape of them shall escape, and shall be on the mountains like doves of the valleys, all of them mourning, every one for his iniquity. <span class="ver">17</span>All hands shall be feeble, and all knees shall be weak as water. <span class="ver">18</span>They shall also gird themselves with sackcloth, and horror shall covM
er them; and shame shall be upon all faces, and baldness upon all their heads. <span class="ver">19</span>They shall cast their silver in the streets, and their gold shall be removed: their silver and their gold shall not be able to deliver them in the day of the wrath of the LORD: they shall not satisfy their souls, neither fill their bowels: because it is the stumblingblock of their iniquity. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>As for the beauty of his ornament, he set it in majesty: but they made the images of M
their abominations and of their detestable things therein: therefore have I set it far from them. <span class="ver">21</span>And I will give it into the hands of the strangers for a prey, and to the wicked of the earth for a spoil; and they shall pollute it. <span class="ver">22</span>My face will I turn also from them, and they shall pollute my secret place: for the robbers shall enter into it, and defile it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>Make a chain: for the land is full of bloody crimes, and the city is M
full of violence. <span class="ver">24</span>Wherefore I will bring the worst of the heathen, and they shall possess their houses: I will also make the pomp of the strong to cease; and their holy places shall be defiled. <span class="ver">25</span>Destruction cometh; and they shall seek peace, and there shall be none. <span class="ver">26</span>Mischief shall come upon mischief, and rumour shall be upon rumour; then shall they seek a vision of the prophet; but the law shall perish from the priest, and counsel from M
the ancients. <span class="ver">27</span>The king shall mourn, and the prince shall be clothed with desolation, and the hands of the people of the land shall be troubled: I will do unto them after their way, and according to their deserts will I judge them; and they shall know that I am the LORD.
<h2 id="c8">Chapter 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass in the sixth year, in the sixth month, in the fifth day of the month, as I sat in mine house, and the elders of Judah sat before me, that thM
e hand of the Lord GOD fell there upon me. <span class="ver">2</span>Then I beheld, and lo a likeness as the appearance of fire: from the appearance of his loins even downward, fire; and from his loins even upward, as the appearance of brightness, as the colour of amber. <span class="ver">3</span>And he put forth the form of an hand, and took me by a lock of mine head; and the spirit lifted me up between the earth and the heaven, and brought me in the visions of God to Jerusalem, to the door of the inner gate that M
looketh toward the north; where was the seat of the image of jealousy, which provoketh to jealousy. <span class="ver">4</span>And, behold, the glory of the God of Israel was there, according to the vision that I saw in the plain. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Then said he unto me, Son of man, lift up thine eyes now the way toward the north. So I lifted up mine eyes the way toward the north, and behold northward at the gate of the altar this image of jealousy in the entry. <span class="ver">6</span>He said furM
thermore unto me, Son of man, seest thou what they do? even the great abominations that the house of Israel committeth here, that I should go far off from my sanctuary? but turn thee yet again, and thou shalt see greater abominations. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And he brought me to the door of the court; and when I looked, behold a hole in the wall. <span class="ver">8</span>Then said he unto me, Son of man, dig now in the wall: and when I had digged in the wall, behold a door. <span class="ver">9</span>AnM
d he said unto me, Go in, and behold the wicked abominations that they do here. <span class="ver">10</span>So I went in and saw; and behold every form of creeping things, and abominable beasts, and all the idols of the house of Israel, pourtrayed upon the wall round about. <span class="ver">11</span>And there stood before them seventy men of the ancients of the house of Israel, and in the midst of them stood Jaazaniah the son of Shaphan, with every man his censer in his hand; and a thick cloud of incense went up. <M
span class="ver">12</span>Then said he unto me, Son of man, hast thou seen what the ancients of the house of Israel do in the dark, every man in the chambers of his imagery? for they say, The LORD seeth us not; the LORD hath forsaken the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>He said also unto me, Turn thee yet again, and thou shalt see greater abominations that they do. <span class="ver">14</span>Then he brought me to the door of the gate of the LORD
s house which was toward the north; and, behold, there saM
t women weeping for Tammuz. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Then said he unto me, Hast thou seen this, O son of man? turn thee yet again, and thou shalt see greater abominations than these. <span class="ver">16</span>And he brought me into the inner court of the LORD
s house, and, behold, at the door of the temple of the LORD, between the porch and the altar, were about five and twenty men, with their backs toward the temple of the LORD, and their faces toward the east; and they worshipped the sun toward theM
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Then he said unto me, Hast thou seen this, O son of man? Is it a light thing to the house of Judah that they commit the abominations which they commit here? for they have filled the land with violence, and have returned to provoke me to anger: and, lo, they put the branch to their nose. <span class="ver">18</span>Therefore will I also deal in fury: mine eye shall not spare, neither will I have pity: and though they cry in mine ears with a loud voice, yet will I not hear tM
<h2 id="c9">Chapter 9</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>He cried also in mine ears with a loud voice, saying, Cause them that have charge over the city to draw near, even every man with his destroying weapon in his hand. <span class="ver">2</span>And, behold, six men came from the way of the higher gate, which lieth toward the north, and every man a slaughter weapon in his hand; and one man among them was clothed with linen, with a writer
s inkhorn by his side: and they went in, and stood beside the brM
asen altar. <span class="ver">3</span>And the glory of the God of Israel was gone up from the cherub, whereupon he was, to the threshold of the house. And he called to the man clothed with linen, which had the writer
s inkhorn by his side; <span class="ver">4</span>And the LORD said unto him, Go through the midst of the city, through the midst of Jerusalem, and set a mark upon the foreheads of the men that sigh and that cry for all the abominations that be done in the midst thereof. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5<M
/span>And to the others he said in mine hearing, Go ye after him through the city, and smite: let not your eye spare, neither have ye pity: <span class="ver">6</span>Slay utterly old and young, both maids, and little children, and women: but come not near any man upon whom is the mark; and begin at my sanctuary. Then they began at the ancient men which were before the house. <span class="ver">7</span>And he said unto them, Defile the house, and fill the courts with the slain: go ye forth. And they went forth, and sM
lew in the city. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And it came to pass, while they were slaying them, and I was left, that I fell upon my face, and cried, and said, Ah Lord GOD! wilt thou destroy all the residue of Israel in thy pouring out of thy fury upon Jerusalem? <span class="ver">9</span>Then said he unto me, The iniquity of the house of Israel and Judah is exceeding great, and the land is full of blood, and the city full of perverseness: for they say, The LORD hath forsaken the earth, and the LORD seeth noM
t. <span class="ver">10</span>And as for me also, mine eye shall not spare, neither will I have pity, but I will recompense their way upon their head. <span class="ver">11</span>And, behold, the man clothed with linen, which had the inkhorn by his side, reported the matter, saying, I have done as thou hast commanded me.
<h2 id="c10">Chapter 10</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then I looked, and, behold, in the firmament that was above the head of the cherubims there appeared over them as it were a sapphire sM
tone, as the appearance of the likeness of a throne. <span class="ver">2</span>And he spake unto the man clothed with linen, and said, Go in between the wheels, even under the cherub, and fill thine hand with coals of fire from between the cherubims, and scatter them over the city. And he went in in my sight. <span class="ver">3</span>Now the cherubims stood on the right side of the house, when the man went in; and the cloud filled the inner court. <span class="ver">4</span>Then the glory of the LORD went up from tM
he cherub, and stood over the threshold of the house; and the house was filled with the cloud, and the court was full of the brightness of the LORD
s glory. <span class="ver">5</span>And the sound of the cherubims
wings was heard even to the outer court, as the voice of the Almighty God when he speaketh. <span class="ver">6</span>And it came to pass, that when he had commanded the man clothed with linen, saying, Take fire from between the wheels, from between the cherubims; then he went in, and stood beside thM
e wheels. <span class="ver">7</span>And one cherub stretched forth his hand from between the cherubims unto the fire that was between the cherubims, and took thereof, and put it into the hands of him that was clothed with linen: who took it, and went out. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And there appeared in the cherubims the form of a man
s hand under their wings. <span class="ver">9</span>And when I looked, behold the four wheels by the cherubims, one wheel by one cherub, and another wheel by another cherubM
: and the appearance of the wheels was as the colour of a beryl stone. <span class="ver">10</span>And as for their appearances, they four had one likeness, as if a wheel had been in the midst of a wheel. <span class="ver">11</span>When they went, they went upon their four sides; they turned not as they went, but to the place whither the head looked they followed it; they turned not as they went. <span class="ver">12</span>And their whole body, and their backs, and their hands, and their wings, and the wheels, were M
full of eyes round about, even the wheels that they four had. <span class="ver">13</span>As for the wheels, it was cried unto them in my hearing, O wheel. <span class="ver">14</span>And every one had four faces: the first face was the face of a cherub, and the second face was the face of a man, and the third the face of a lion, and the fourth the face of an eagle. <span class="ver">15</span>And the cherubims were lifted up. This is the living creature that I saw by the river of Chebar. <span class="ver">16</span>AnM
d when the cherubims went, the wheels went by them: and when the cherubims lifted up their wings to mount up from the earth, the same wheels also turned not from beside them. <span class="ver">17</span>When they stood, these stood; and when they were lifted up, these lifted up themselves also: for the spirit of the living creature was in them. <span class="ver">18</span>Then the glory of the LORD departed from off the threshold of the house, and stood over the cherubims. <span class="ver">19</span>And the cherubimsM
lifted up their wings, and mounted up from the earth in my sight: when they went out, the wheels also were beside them, and every one stood at the door of the east gate of the LORD
s house; and the glory of the God of Israel was over them above. <span class="ver">20</span>This is the living creature that I saw under the God of Israel by the river of Chebar; and I knew that they were the cherubims. <span class="ver">21</span>Every one had four faces apiece, and every one four wings; and the likeness of the hands M
of a man was under their wings. <span class="ver">22</span>And the likeness of their faces was the same faces which I saw by the river of Chebar, their appearances and themselves: they went every one straight forward.
<h2 id="c11">Chapter 11</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Moreover the spirit lifted me up, and brought me unto the east gate of the LORD
s house, which looketh eastward: and behold at the door of the gate five and twenty men; among whom I saw Jaazaniah the son of Azur, and Pelatiah the son ofM
Benaiah, princes of the people. <span class="ver">2</span>Then said he unto me, Son of man, these are the men that devise mischief, and give wicked counsel in this city: <span class="ver">3</span>Which say, It is not near; let us build houses: this city is the caldron, and we be the flesh. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Therefore prophesy against them, prophesy, O son of man. <span class="ver">5</span>And the Spirit of the LORD fell upon me, and said unto me, Speak; Thus saith the LORD; Thus have ye said, O hM
ouse of Israel: for I know the things that come into your mind, every one of them. <span class="ver">6</span>Ye have multiplied your slain in this city, and ye have filled the streets thereof with the slain. <span class="ver">7</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Your slain whom ye have laid in the midst of it, they are the flesh, and this city is the caldron: but I will bring you forth out of the midst of it. <span class="ver">8</span>Ye have feared the sword; and I will bring a sword upon you, saith the LordM
GOD. <span class="ver">9</span>And I will bring you out of the midst thereof, and deliver you into the hands of strangers, and will execute judgments among you. <span class="ver">10</span>Ye shall fall by the sword; I will judge you in the border of Israel; and ye shall know that I am the LORD. <span class="ver">11</span>This city shall not be your caldron, neither shall ye be the flesh in the midst thereof; but I will judge you in the border of Israel: <span class="ver">12</span>And ye shall know that I am the LOM
RD: for ye have not walked in my statutes, neither executed my judgments, but have done after the manners of the heathen that are round about you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And it came to pass, when I prophesied, that Pelatiah the son of Benaiah died. Then fell I down upon my face, and cried with a loud voice, and said, Ah Lord GOD! wilt thou make a full end of the remnant of Israel? <span class="ver">14</span>Again the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">15</span>Son of man, thy breM
thren, even thy brethren, the men of thy kindred, and all the house of Israel wholly, are they unto whom the inhabitants of Jerusalem have said, Get you far from the LORD: unto us is this land given in possession. <span class="ver">16</span>Therefore say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Although I have cast them far off among the heathen, and although I have scattered them among the countries, yet will I be to them as a little sanctuary in the countries where they shall come. <span class="ver">17</span>Therefore say, ThusM
saith the Lord GOD; I will even gather you from the people, and assemble you out of the countries where ye have been scattered, and I will give you the land of Israel. <span class="ver">18</span>And they shall come thither, and they shall take away all the detestable things thereof and all the abominations thereof from thence. <span class="ver">19</span>And I will give them one heart, and I will put a new spirit within you; and I will take the stony heart out of their flesh, and will give them an heart of flesh: <M
span class="ver">20</span>That they may walk in my statutes, and keep mine ordinances, and do them: and they shall be my people, and I will be their God. <span class="ver">21</span>But as for them whose heart walketh after the heart of their detestable things and their abominations, I will recompense their way upon their own heads, saith the Lord GOD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Then did the cherubims lift up their wings, and the wheels beside them; and the glory of the God of Israel was over them above. <M
span class="ver">23</span>And the glory of the LORD went up from the midst of the city, and stood upon the mountain which is on the east side of the city. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>Afterwards the spirit took me up, and brought me in a vision by the Spirit of God into Chaldea, to them of the captivity. So the vision that I had seen went up from me. <span class="ver">25</span>Then I spake unto them of the captivity all the things that the LORD had shewed me.
<h2 id="c12">Chapter 12</h2>
s="ver">1</span>The word of the LORD also came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Son of man, thou dwellest in the midst of a rebellious house, which have eyes to see, and see not; they have ears to hear, and hear not: for they are a rebellious house. <span class="ver">3</span>Therefore, thou son of man, prepare thee stuff for removing, and remove by day in their sight; and thou shalt remove from thy place to another place in their sight: it may be they will consider, though they be a rebellious house. <spaM
n class="ver">4</span>Then shalt thou bring forth thy stuff by day in their sight, as stuff for removing: and thou shalt go forth at even in their sight, as they that go forth into captivity. <span class="ver">5</span>Dig thou through the wall in their sight, and carry out thereby. <span class="ver">6</span>In their sight shalt thou bear it upon thy shoulders, and carry it forth in the twilight: thou shalt cover thy face, that thou see not the ground: for I have set thee for a sign unto the house of Israel. <span cM
lass="ver">7</span>And I did so as I was commanded: I brought forth my stuff by day, as stuff for captivity, and in the even I digged through the wall with mine hand; I brought it forth in the twilight, and I bare it upon my shoulder in their sight. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And in the morning came the word of the LORD unto me, saying, <span class="ver">9</span>Son of man, hath not the house of Israel, the rebellious house, said unto thee, What doest thou? <span class="ver">10</span>Say thou unto them, ThM
us saith the Lord GOD; This burden concerneth the prince in Jerusalem, and all the house of Israel that are among them. <span class="ver">11</span>Say, I am your sign: like as I have done, so shall it be done unto them: they shall remove and go into captivity. <span class="ver">12</span>And the prince that is among them shall bear upon his shoulder in the twilight, and shall go forth: they shall dig through the wall to carry out thereby: he shall cover his face, that he see not the ground with his eyes. <span classM
="ver">13</span>My net also will I spread upon him, and he shall be taken in my snare: and I will bring him to Babylon to the land of the Chaldeans; yet shall he not see it, though he shall die there. <span class="ver">14</span>And I will scatter toward every wind all that are about him to help him, and all his bands; and I will draw out the sword after them. <span class="ver">15</span>And they shall know that I am the LORD, when I shall scatter them among the nations, and disperse them in the countries. <span clasM
s="ver">16</span>But I will leave a few men of them from the sword, from the famine, and from the pestilence; that they may declare all their abominations among the heathen whither they come; and they shall know that I am the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Moreover the word of the LORD came to me, saying, <span class="ver">18</span>Son of man, eat thy bread with quaking, and drink thy water with trembling and with carefulness; <span class="ver">19</span>And say unto the people of the land, Thus saith thM
e Lord GOD of the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and of the land of Israel; They shall eat their bread with carefulness, and drink their water with astonishment, that her land may be desolate from all that is therein, because of the violence of all them that dwell therein. <span class="ver">20</span>And the cities that are inhabited shall be laid waste, and the land shall be desolate; and ye shall know that I am the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="veM
r">22</span>Son of man, what is that proverb that ye have in the land of Israel, saying, The days are prolonged, and every vision faileth? <span class="ver">23</span>Tell them therefore, Thus saith the Lord GOD; I will make this proverb to cease, and they shall no more use it as a proverb in Israel; but say unto them, The days are at hand, and the effect of every vision. <span class="ver">24</span>For there shall be no more any vain vision nor flattering divination within the house of Israel. <span class="ver">25</M
span>For I am the LORD: I will speak, and the word that I shall speak shall come to pass; it shall be no more prolonged: for in your days, O rebellious house, will I say the word, and will perform it, saith the Lord GOD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>Again the word of the LORD came to me, saying, <span class="ver">27</span>Son of man, behold, they of the house of Israel say, The vision that he seeth is for many days to come, and he prophesieth of the times that are far off. <span class="ver">28</span>TherefoM
re say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; There shall none of my words be prolonged any more, but the word which I have spoken shall be done, saith the Lord GOD.
<h2 id="c13">Chapter 13</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Son of man, prophesy against the prophets of Israel that prophesy, and say thou unto them that prophesy out of their own hearts, Hear ye the word of the LORD; <span class="ver">3</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; Woe unto tM
he foolish prophets, that follow their own spirit, and have seen nothing! <span class="ver">4</span>O Israel, thy prophets are like the foxes in the deserts. <span class="ver">5</span>Ye have not gone up into the gaps, neither made up the hedge for the house of Israel to stand in the battle in the day of the LORD. <span class="ver">6</span>They have seen vanity and lying divination, saying, The LORD saith: and the LORD hath not sent them: and they have made others to hope that they would confirm the word. <span claM
ss="ver">7</span>Have ye not seen a vain vision, and have ye not spoken a lying divination, whereas ye say, The LORD saith it; albeit I have not spoken? <span class="ver">8</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because ye have spoken vanity, and seen lies, therefore, behold, I am against you, saith the Lord GOD. <span class="ver">9</span>And mine hand shall be upon the prophets that see vanity, and that divine lies: they shall not be in the assembly of my people, neither shall they be written in the writing of tM
he house of Israel, neither shall they enter into the land of Israel; and ye shall know that I am the Lord GOD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Because, even because they have seduced my people, saying, Peace; and there was no peace; and one built up a wall, and, lo, others daubed it with untempered morter: <span class="ver">11</span>Say unto them which daub it with untempered morter, that it shall fall: there shall be an overflowing shower; and ye, O great hailstones, shall fall; and a stormy wind shall rend M
it. <span class="ver">12</span>Lo, when the wall is fallen, shall it not be said unto you, Where is the daubing wherewith ye have daubed it? <span class="ver">13</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; I will even rend it with a stormy wind in my fury; and there shall be an overflowing shower in mine anger, and great hailstones in my fury to consume it. <span class="ver">14</span>So will I break down the wall that ye have daubed with untempered morter, and bring it down to the ground, so that the foundation thereoM
f shall be discovered, and it shall fall, and ye shall be consumed in the midst thereof: and ye shall know that I am the LORD. <span class="ver">15</span>Thus will I accomplish my wrath upon the wall, and upon them that have daubed it with untempered morter, and will say unto you, The wall is no more, neither they that daubed it; <span class="ver">16</span>To wit, the prophets of Israel which prophesy concerning Jerusalem, and which see visions of peace for her, and there is no peace, saith the Lord GOD. </p>
<span class="ver">17</span>Likewise, thou son of man, set thy face against the daughters of thy people, which prophesy out of their own heart; and prophesy thou against them, <span class="ver">18</span>And say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Woe to the women that sew pillows to all armholes, and make kerchiefs upon the head of every stature to hunt souls! Will ye hunt the souls of my people, and will ye save the souls alive that come unto you? <span class="ver">19</span>And will ye pollute me among my people for handfulsM
of barley and for pieces of bread, to slay the souls that should not die, and to save the souls alive that should not live, by your lying to my people that hear your lies? <span class="ver">20</span>Wherefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I am against your pillows, wherewith ye there hunt the souls to make them fly, and I will tear them from your arms, and will let the souls go, even the souls that ye hunt to make them fly. <span class="ver">21</span>Your kerchiefs also will I tear, and deliver my people out ofM
your hand, and they shall be no more in your hand to be hunted; and ye shall know that I am the LORD. <span class="ver">22</span>Because with lies ye have made the heart of the righteous sad, whom I have not made sad; and strengthened the hands of the wicked, that he should not return from his wicked way, by promising him life: <span class="ver">23</span>Therefore ye shall see no more vanity, nor divine divinations: for I will deliver my people out of your hand: and ye shall know that I am the LORD.
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then came certain of the elders of Israel unto me, and sat before me. <span class="ver">2</span>And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">3</span>Son of man, these men have set up their idols in their heart, and put the stumblingblock of their iniquity before their face: should I be enquired of at all by them? <span class="ver">4</span>Therefore speak unto them, and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Every man of the house of Israel that M
setteth up his idols in his heart, and putteth the stumblingblock of his iniquity before his face, and cometh to the prophet; I the LORD will answer him that cometh according to the multitude of his idols; <span class="ver">5</span>That I may take the house of Israel in their own heart, because they are all estranged from me through their idols. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Therefore say unto the house of Israel, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Repent, and turn yourselves from your idols; and turn away your faces fM
rom all your abominations. <span class="ver">7</span>For every one of the house of Israel, or of the stranger that sojourneth in Israel, which separateth himself from me, and setteth up his idols in his heart, and putteth the stumblingblock of his iniquity before his face, and cometh to a prophet to enquire of him concerning me; I the LORD will answer him by myself: <span class="ver">8</span>And I will set my face against that man, and will make him a sign and a proverb, and I will cut him off from the midst of my M
people; and ye shall know that I am the LORD. <span class="ver">9</span>And if the prophet be deceived when he hath spoken a thing, I the LORD have deceived that prophet, and I will stretch out my hand upon him, and will destroy him from the midst of my people Israel. <span class="ver">10</span>And they shall bear the punishment of their iniquity: the punishment of the prophet shall be even as the punishment of him that seeketh unto him; <span class="ver">11</span>That the house of Israel may go no more astray fromM
me, neither be polluted any more with all their transgressions; but that they may be my people, and I may be their God, saith the Lord GOD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>The word of the LORD came again to me, saying, <span class="ver">13</span>Son of man, when the land sinneth against me by trespassing grievously, then will I stretch out mine hand upon it, and will break the staff of the bread thereof, and will send famine upon it, and will cut off man and beast from it: <span class="ver">14</span>Though thM
ese three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, they should deliver but their own souls by their righteousness, saith the Lord GOD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>If I cause noisome beasts to pass through the land, and they spoil it, so that it be desolate, that no man may pass through because of the beasts: <span class="ver">16</span>Though these three men were in it, as I live, saith the Lord GOD, they shall deliver neither sons nor daughters; they only shall be delivered, but the land shall be desolate. M
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Or if I bring a sword upon that land, and say, Sword, go through the land; so that I cut off man and beast from it: <span class="ver">18</span>Though these three men were in it, as I live, saith the Lord GOD, they shall deliver neither sons nor daughters, but they only shall be delivered themselves. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Or if I send a pestilence into that land, and pour out my fury upon it in blood, to cut off from it man and beast: <span class="ver">20</span>ThoM
ugh Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, as I live, saith the Lord GOD, they shall deliver neither son nor daughter; they shall but deliver their own souls by their righteousness. <span class="ver">21</span>For thus saith the Lord GOD; How much more when I send my four sore judgments upon Jerusalem, the sword, and the famine, and the noisome beast, and the pestilence, to cut off from it man and beast? </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Yet, behold, therein shall be left a remnant that shall be brought forth, both sM
ons and daughters: behold, they shall come forth unto you, and ye shall see their way and their doings: and ye shall be comforted concerning the evil that I have brought upon Jerusalem, even concerning all that I have brought upon it. <span class="ver">23</span>And they shall comfort you, when ye see their ways and their doings: and ye shall know that I have not done without cause all that I have done in it, saith the Lord GOD.
<h2 id="c15">Chapter 15</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the word of the LORDM
came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Son of man, What is the vine tree more than any tree, or than a branch which is among the trees of the forest? <span class="ver">3</span>Shall wood be taken thereof to do any work? or will men take a pin of it to hang any vessel thereon? <span class="ver">4</span>Behold, it is cast into the fire for fuel; the fire devoureth both the ends of it, and the midst of it is burned. Is it meet for any work? <span class="ver">5</span>Behold, when it was whole, it was meet forM
no work: how much less shall it be meet yet for any work, when the fire hath devoured it, and it is burned? </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; As the vine tree among the trees of the forest, which I have given to the fire for fuel, so will I give the inhabitants of Jerusalem. <span class="ver">7</span>And I will set my face against them; they shall go out from one fire, and another fire shall devour them; and ye shall know that I am the LORD, when I set my face against them. <spM
an class="ver">8</span>And I will make the land desolate, because they have committed a trespass, saith the Lord GOD.
<h2 id="c16">Chapter 16</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Again the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Son of man, cause Jerusalem to know her abominations, <span class="ver">3</span>And say, Thus saith the Lord GOD unto Jerusalem; Thy birth and thy nativity is of the land of Canaan; thy father was an Amorite, and thy mother an Hittite. <span class="ver">4</span>AM
nd as for thy nativity, in the day thou wast born thy navel was not cut, neither wast thou washed in water to supple thee; thou wast not salted at all, nor swaddled at all. <span class="ver">5</span>None eye pitied thee, to do any of these unto thee, to have compassion upon thee; but thou wast cast out in the open field, to the lothing of thy person, in the day that thou wast born. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And when I passed by thee, and saw thee polluted in thine own blood, I said unto thee when thou wasM
t in thy blood, Live; yea, I said unto thee when thou wast in thy blood, Live. <span class="ver">7</span>I have caused thee to multiply as the bud of the field, and thou hast increased and waxen great, and thou art come to excellent ornaments: thy breasts are fashioned, and thine hair is grown, whereas thou wast naked and bare. <span class="ver">8</span>Now when I passed by thee, and looked upon thee, behold, thy time was the time of love; and I spread my skirt over thee, and covered thy nakedness: yea, I sware untM
o thee, and entered into a covenant with thee, saith the Lord GOD, and thou becamest mine. <span class="ver">9</span>Then washed I thee with water; yea, I throughly washed away thy blood from thee, and I anointed thee with oil. <span class="ver">10</span>I clothed thee also with broidered work, and shod thee with badgers
skin, and I girded thee about with fine linen, and I covered thee with silk. <span class="ver">11</span>I decked thee also with ornaments, and I put bracelets upon thy hands, and a chain on thy M
neck. <span class="ver">12</span>And I put a jewel on thy forehead, and earrings in thine ears, and a beautiful crown upon thine head. <span class="ver">13</span>Thus wast thou decked with gold and silver; and thy raiment was of fine linen, and silk, and broidered work; thou didst eat fine flour, and honey, and oil: and thou wast exceeding beautiful, and thou didst prosper into a kingdom. <span class="ver">14</span>And thy renown went forth among the heathen for thy beauty: for it was perfect through my comeliness,M
which I had put upon thee, saith the Lord GOD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>But thou didst trust in thine own beauty, and playedst the harlot because of thy renown, and pouredst out thy fornications on every one that passed by; his it was. <span class="ver">16</span>And of thy garments thou didst take, and deckedst thy high places with divers colours, and playedst the harlot thereupon: the like things shall not come, neither shall it be so. <span class="ver">17</span>Thou hast also taken thy fair jewels ofM
my gold and of my silver, which I had given thee, and madest to thyself images of men, and didst commit whoredom with them, <span class="ver">18</span>And tookest thy broidered garments, and coveredst them: and thou hast set mine oil and mine incense before them. <span class="ver">19</span>My meat also which I gave thee, fine flour, and oil, and honey, wherewith I fed thee, thou hast even set it before them for a sweet savour: and thus it was, saith the Lord GOD. <span class="ver">20</span>Moreover thou hast takenM
thy sons and thy daughters, whom thou hast borne unto me, and these hast thou sacrificed unto them to be devoured. Is this of thy whoredoms a small matter, <span class="ver">21</span>That thou hast slain my children, and delivered them to cause them to pass through the fire for them? <span class="ver">22</span>And in all thine abominations and thy whoredoms thou hast not remembered the days of thy youth, when thou wast naked and bare, and wast polluted in thy blood. <span class="ver">23</span>And it came to pass aM
fter all thy wickedness, (woe, woe unto thee! saith the Lord GOD;) <span class="ver">24</span>That thou hast also built unto thee an eminent place, and hast made thee an high place in every street. <span class="ver">25</span>Thou hast built thy high place at every head of the way, and hast made thy beauty to be abhorred, and hast opened thy feet to every one that passed by, and multiplied thy whoredoms. <span class="ver">26</span>Thou hast also committed fornication with the Egyptians thy neighbours, great of fleshM
; and hast increased thy whoredoms, to provoke me to anger. <span class="ver">27</span>Behold, therefore I have stretched out my hand over thee, and have diminished thine ordinary food, and delivered thee unto the will of them that hate thee, the daughters of the Philistines, which are ashamed of thy lewd way. <span class="ver">28</span>Thou hast played the whore also with the Assyrians, because thou wast unsatiable; yea, thou hast played the harlot with them, and yet couldest not be satisfied. <span class="ver">29M
</span>Thou hast moreover multiplied thy fornication in the land of Canaan unto Chaldea; and yet thou wast not satisfied herewith. <span class="ver">30</span>How weak is thine heart, saith the Lord GOD, seeing thou doest all these things, the work of an imperious whorish woman; <span class="ver">31</span>In that thou buildest thine eminent place in the head of every way, and makest thine high place in every street; and hast not been as an harlot, in that thou scornest hire; <span class="ver">32</span>But as a wife M
that committeth adultery, which taketh strangers instead of her husband! <span class="ver">33</span>They give gifts to all whores: but thou givest thy gifts to all thy lovers, and hirest them, that they may come unto thee on every side for thy whoredom. <span class="ver">34</span>And the contrary is in thee from other women in thy whoredoms, whereas none followeth thee to commit whoredoms: and in that thou givest a reward, and no reward is given unto thee, therefore thou art contrary. </p>
<p><span class="ver">35M
</span>Wherefore, O harlot, hear the word of the LORD: <span class="ver">36</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; Because thy filthiness was poured out, and thy nakedness discovered through thy whoredoms with thy lovers, and with all the idols of thy abominations, and by the blood of thy children, which thou didst give unto them; <span class="ver">37</span>Behold, therefore I will gather all thy lovers, with whom thou hast taken pleasure, and all them that thou hast loved, with all them that thou hast hated; I will even gM
ather them round about against thee, and will discover thy nakedness unto them, that they may see all thy nakedness. <span class="ver">38</span>And I will judge thee, as women that break wedlock and shed blood are judged; and I will give thee blood in fury and jealousy. <span class="ver">39</span>And I will also give thee into their hand, and they shall throw down thine eminent place, and shall break down thy high places: they shall strip thee also of thy clothes, and shall take thy fair jewels, and leave thee nakeM
d and bare. <span class="ver">40</span>They shall also bring up a company against thee, and they shall stone thee with stones, and thrust thee through with their swords. <span class="ver">41</span>And they shall burn thine houses with fire, and execute judgments upon thee in the sight of many women: and I will cause thee to cease from playing the harlot, and thou also shalt give no hire any more. <span class="ver">42</span>So will I make my fury toward thee to rest, and my jealousy shall depart from thee, and I wilM
l be quiet, and will be no more angry. <span class="ver">43</span>Because thou hast not remembered the days of thy youth, but hast fretted me in all these things; behold, therefore I also will recompense thy way upon thine head, saith the Lord GOD: and thou shalt not commit this lewdness above all thine abominations. </p>
<p><span class="ver">44</span>Behold, every one that useth proverbs shall use this proverb against thee, saying, As is the mother, so is her daughter. <span class="ver">45</span>Thou art thy motM
s daughter, that lotheth her husband and her children; and thou art the sister of thy sisters, which lothed their husbands and their children: your mother was an Hittite, and your father an Amorite. <span class="ver">46</span>And thine elder sister is Samaria, she and her daughters that dwell at thy left hand: and thy younger sister, that dwelleth at thy right hand, is Sodom and her daughters. <span class="ver">47</span>Yet hast thou not walked after their ways, nor done after their abominations: but, as if tM
hat were a very little thing, thou wast corrupted more than they in all thy ways. <span class="ver">48</span>As I live, saith the Lord GOD, Sodom thy sister hath not done, she nor her daughters, as thou hast done, thou and thy daughters. <span class="ver">49</span>Behold, this was the iniquity of thy sister Sodom, pride, fulness of bread, and abundance of idleness was in her and in her daughters, neither did she strengthen the hand of the poor and needy. <span class="ver">50</span>And they were haughty, and committM
ed abomination before me: therefore I took them away as I saw good. <span class="ver">51</span>Neither hath Samaria committed half of thy sins; but thou hast multiplied thine abominations more than they, and hast justified thy sisters in all thine abominations which thou hast done. <span class="ver">52</span>Thou also, which hast judged thy sisters, bear thine own shame for thy sins that thou hast committed more abominable than they: they are more righteous than thou: yea, be thou confounded also, and bear thy shamM
e, in that thou hast justified thy sisters. <span class="ver">53</span>When I shall bring again their captivity, the captivity of Sodom and her daughters, and the captivity of Samaria and her daughters, then will I bring again the captivity of thy captives in the midst of them: <span class="ver">54</span>That thou mayest bear thine own shame, and mayest be confounded in all that thou hast done, in that thou art a comfort unto them. <span class="ver">55</span>When thy sisters, Sodom and her daughters, shall return tM
o their former estate, and Samaria and her daughters shall return to their former estate, then thou and thy daughters shall return to your former estate. <span class="ver">56</span>For thy sister Sodom was not mentioned by thy mouth in the day of thy pride, <span class="ver">57</span>Before thy wickedness was discovered, as at the time of thy reproach of the daughters of Syria, and all that are round about her, the daughters of the Philistines, which despise thee round about. <span class="ver">58</span>Thou hast boM
rne thy lewdness and thine abominations, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">59</span>For thus saith the Lord GOD; I will even deal with thee as thou hast done, which hast despised the oath in breaking the covenant. </p>
<p><span class="ver">60</span>Nevertheless I will remember my covenant with thee in the days of thy youth, and I will establish unto thee an everlasting covenant. <span class="ver">61</span>Then thou shalt remember thy ways, and be ashamed, when thou shalt receive thy sisters, thine elder and thy yM
ounger: and I will give them unto thee for daughters, but not by thy covenant. <span class="ver">62</span>And I will establish my covenant with thee; and thou shalt know that I am the LORD: <span class="ver">63</span>That thou mayest remember, and be confounded, and never open thy mouth any more because of thy shame, when I am pacified toward thee for all that thou hast done, saith the Lord GOD.
<h2 id="c17">Chapter 17</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span clasM
s="ver">2</span>Son of man, put forth a riddle, and speak a parable unto the house of Israel; <span class="ver">3</span>And say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; A great eagle with great wings, longwinged, full of feathers, which had divers colours, came unto Lebanon, and took the highest branch of the cedar: <span class="ver">4</span>He cropped off the top of his young twigs, and carried it into a land of traffick; he set it in a city of merchants. <span class="ver">5</span>He took also of the seed of the land, and planteM
d it in a fruitful field; he placed it by great waters, and set it as a willow tree. <span class="ver">6</span>And it grew, and became a spreading vine of low stature, whose branches turned toward him, and the roots thereof were under him: so it became a vine, and brought forth branches, and shot forth sprigs. <span class="ver">7</span>There was also another great eagle with great wings and many feathers: and, behold, this vine did bend her roots toward him, and shot forth her branches toward him, that he might watM
er it by the furrows of her plantation. <span class="ver">8</span>It was planted in a good soil by great waters, that it might bring forth branches, and that it might bear fruit, that it might be a goodly vine. <span class="ver">9</span>Say thou, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Shall it prosper? shall he not pull up the roots thereof, and cut off the fruit thereof, that it wither? it shall wither in all the leaves of her spring, even without great power or many people to pluck it up by the roots thereof. <span class="ver"M
>10</span>Yea, behold, being planted, shall it prosper? shall it not utterly wither, when the east wind toucheth it? it shall wither in the furrows where it grew. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">12</span>Say now to the rebellious house, Know ye not what these things mean? tell them, Behold, the king of Babylon is come to Jerusalem, and hath taken the king thereof, and the princes thereof, and led them with him to Babylon; <span class="ver">1M
3</span>And hath taken of the king
s seed, and made a covenant with him, and hath taken an oath of him: he hath also taken the mighty of the land: <span class="ver">14</span>That the kingdom might be base, that it might not lift itself up, but that by keeping of his covenant it might stand. <span class="ver">15</span>But he rebelled against him in sending his ambassadors into Egypt, that they might give him horses and much people. Shall he prosper? shall he escape that doeth such things? or shall he break the covM
enant, and be delivered? <span class="ver">16</span>As I live, saith the Lord GOD, surely in the place where the king dwelleth that made him king, whose oath he despised, and whose covenant he brake, even with him in the midst of Babylon he shall die. <span class="ver">17</span>Neither shall Pharaoh with his mighty army and great company make for him in the war, by casting up mounts, and building forts, to cut off many persons: <span class="ver">18</span>Seeing he despised the oath by breaking the covenant, when, lM
o, he had given his hand, and hath done all these things, he shall not escape. <span class="ver">19</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; As I live, surely mine oath that he hath despised, and my covenant that he hath broken, even it will I recompense upon his own head. <span class="ver">20</span>And I will spread my net upon him, and he shall be taken in my snare, and I will bring him to Babylon, and will plead with him there for his trespass that he hath trespassed against me. <span class="ver">21</span>And alM
l his fugitives with all his bands shall fall by the sword, and they that remain shall be scattered toward all winds: and ye shall know that I the LORD have spoken it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; I will also take of the highest branch of the high cedar, and will set it; I will crop off from the top of his young twigs a tender one, and will plant it upon an high mountain and eminent: <span class="ver">23</span>In the mountain of the height of Israel will I plant it: and it shall briM
ng forth boughs, and bear fruit, and be a goodly cedar: and under it shall dwell all fowl of every wing; in the shadow of the branches thereof shall they dwell. <span class="ver">24</span>And all the trees of the field shall know that I the LORD have brought down the high tree, have exalted the low tree, have dried up the green tree, and have made the dry tree to flourish: I the LORD have spoken and have done it.
<h2 id="c18">Chapter 18</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The word of the LORD came unto me againM
, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>What mean ye, that ye use this proverb concerning the land of Israel, saying, The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children
s teeth are set on edge? <span class="ver">3</span>As I live, saith the Lord GOD, ye shall not have occasion any more to use this proverb in Israel. <span class="ver">4</span>Behold, all souls are mine; as the soul of the father, so also the soul of the son is mine: the soul that sinneth, it shall die. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>But if a maM
n be just, and do that which is lawful and right, <span class="ver">6</span>And hath not eaten upon the mountains, neither hath lifted up his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, neither hath defiled his neighbour
s wife, neither hath come near to a menstruous woman, <span class="ver">7</span>And hath not oppressed any, but hath restored to the debtor his pledge, hath spoiled none by violence, hath given his bread to the hungry, and hath covered the naked with a garment; <span class="ver">8</span>He that hatM
h not given forth upon usury, neither hath taken any increase, that hath withdrawn his hand from iniquity, hath executed true judgment between man and man, <span class="ver">9</span>Hath walked in my statutes, and hath kept my judgments, to deal truly; he is just, he shall surely live, saith the Lord GOD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>If he beget a son that is a robber, a shedder of blood, and that doeth the like to any one of these things, <span class="ver">11</span>And that doeth not any of those duties, bM
ut even hath eaten upon the mountains, and defiled his neighbour
s wife, <span class="ver">12</span>Hath oppressed the poor and needy, hath spoiled by violence, hath not restored the pledge, and hath lifted up his eyes to the idols, hath committed abomination, <span class="ver">13</span>Hath given forth upon usury, and hath taken increase: shall he then live? he shall not live: he hath done all these abominations; he shall surely die; his blood shall be upon him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Now, lo, if hM
e beget a son, that seeth all his father
s sins which he hath done, and considereth, and doeth not such like, <span class="ver">15</span>That hath not eaten upon the mountains, neither hath lifted up his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, hath not defiled his neighbour
s wife, <span class="ver">16</span>Neither hath oppressed any, hath not withholden the pledge, neither hath spoiled by violence, but hath given his bread to the hungry, and hath covered the naked with a garment, <span class="ver">17</span>M
That hath taken off his hand from the poor, that hath not received usury nor increase, hath executed my judgments, hath walked in my statutes; he shall not die for the iniquity of his father, he shall surely live. <span class="ver">18</span>As for his father, because he cruelly oppressed, spoiled his brother by violence, and did that which is not good among his people, lo, even he shall die in his iniquity. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Yet say ye, Why? doth not the son bear the iniquity of the father? When M
the son hath done that which is lawful and right, and hath kept all my statutes, and hath done them, he shall surely live. <span class="ver">20</span>The soul that sinneth, it shall die. The son shall not bear the iniquity of the father, neither shall the father bear the iniquity of the son: the righteousness of the righteous shall be upon him, and the wickedness of the wicked shall be upon him. <span class="ver">21</span>But if the wicked will turn from all his sins that he hath committed, and keep all my statutesM
, and do that which is lawful and right, he shall surely live, he shall not die. <span class="ver">22</span>All his transgressions that he hath committed, they shall not be mentioned unto him: in his righteousness that he hath done he shall live. <span class="ver">23</span>Have I any pleasure at all that the wicked should die? saith the Lord GOD: and not that he should return from his ways, and live? </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>But when the righteous turneth away from his righteousness, and committeth iniqM
uity, and doeth according to all the abominations that the wicked man doeth, shall he live? All his righteousness that he hath done shall not be mentioned: in his trespass that he hath trespassed, and in his sin that he hath sinned, in them shall he die. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>Yet ye say, The way of the Lord is not equal. Hear now, O house of Israel; Is not my way equal? are not your ways unequal? <span class="ver">26</span>When a righteous man turneth away from his righteousness, and committeth iniquM
ity, and dieth in them; for his iniquity that he hath done shall he die. <span class="ver">27</span>Again, when the wicked man turneth away from his wickedness that he hath committed, and doeth that which is lawful and right, he shall save his soul alive. <span class="ver">28</span>Because he considereth, and turneth away from all his transgressions that he hath committed, he shall surely live, he shall not die. <span class="ver">29</span>Yet saith the house of Israel, The way of the Lord is not equal. O house of IM
srael, are not my ways equal? are not your ways unequal? <span class="ver">30</span>Therefore I will judge you, O house of Israel, every one according to his ways, saith the Lord GOD. Repent, and turn yourselves from all your transgressions; so iniquity shall not be your ruin. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>Cast away from you all your transgressions, whereby ye have transgressed; and make you a new heart and a new spirit: for why will ye die, O house of Israel? <span class="ver">32</span>For I have no pleasurM
e in the death of him that dieth, saith the Lord GOD: wherefore turn yourselves, and live ye.
<h2 id="c19">Chapter 19</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Moreover take thou up a lamentation for the princes of Israel, <span class="ver">2</span>And say, What is thy mother? A lioness: she lay down among lions, she nourished her whelps among young lions. <span class="ver">3</span>And she brought up one of her whelps: it became a young lion, and it learned to catch the prey; it devoured men. <span class="ver">4</spaM
n>The nations also heard of him; he was taken in their pit, and they brought him with chains unto the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">5</span>Now when she saw that she had waited, and her hope was lost, then she took another of her whelps, and made him a young lion. <span class="ver">6</span>And he went up and down among the lions, he became a young lion, and learned to catch the prey, and devoured men. <span class="ver">7</span>And he knew their desolate palaces, and he laid waste their cities; and the land was dM
esolate, and the fulness thereof, by the noise of his roaring. <span class="ver">8</span>Then the nations set against him on every side from the provinces, and spread their net over him: he was taken in their pit. <span class="ver">9</span>And they put him in ward in chains, and brought him to the king of Babylon: they brought him into holds, that his voice should no more be heard upon the mountains of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Thy mother is like a vine in thy blood, planted by the waters: she waM
s fruitful and full of branches by reason of many waters. <span class="ver">11</span>And she had strong rods for the sceptres of them that bare rule, and her stature was exalted among the thick branches, and she appeared in her height with the multitude of her branches. <span class="ver">12</span>But she was plucked up in fury, she was cast down to the ground, and the east wind dried up her fruit: her strong rods were broken and withered; the fire consumed them. <span class="ver">13</span>And now she is planted in M
the wilderness, in a dry and thirsty ground. <span class="ver">14</span>And fire is gone out of a rod of her branches, which hath devoured her fruit, so that she hath no strong rod to be a sceptre to rule. This is a lamentation, and shall be for a lamentation.
<h2 id="c20">Chapter 20</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass in the seventh year, in the fifth month, the tenth day of the month, that certain of the elders of Israel came to enquire of the LORD, and sat before me. <span class="ver">2</M
span>Then came the word of the LORD unto me, saying, <span class="ver">3</span>Son of man, speak unto the elders of Israel, and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Are ye come to enquire of me? As I live, saith the Lord GOD, I will not be enquired of by you. <span class="ver">4</span>Wilt thou judge them, son of man, wilt thou judge them? cause them to know the abominations of their fathers: </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; In the day when I chose Israel, and lifteM
d up mine hand unto the seed of the house of Jacob, and made myself known unto them in the land of Egypt, when I lifted up mine hand unto them, saying, I am the LORD your God; <span class="ver">6</span>In the day that I lifted up mine hand unto them, to bring them forth of the land of Egypt into a land that I had espied for them, flowing with milk and honey, which is the glory of all lands: <span class="ver">7</span>Then said I unto them, Cast ye away every man the abominations of his eyes, and defile not yourselveM
s with the idols of Egypt: I am the LORD your God. <span class="ver">8</span>But they rebelled against me, and would not hearken unto me: they did not every man cast away the abominations of their eyes, neither did they forsake the idols of Egypt: then I said, I will pour out my fury upon them, to accomplish my anger against them in the midst of the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">9</span>But I wrought for my name
s sake, that it should not be polluted before the heathen, among whom they were, in whose sight I mM
ade myself known unto them, in bringing them forth out of the land of Egypt. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Wherefore I caused them to go forth out of the land of Egypt, and brought them into the wilderness. <span class="ver">11</span>And I gave them my statutes, and shewed them my judgments, which if a man do, he shall even live in them. <span class="ver">12</span>Moreover also I gave them my sabbaths, to be a sign between me and them, that they might know that I am the LORD that sanctify them. <span class="M
ver">13</span>But the house of Israel rebelled against me in the wilderness: they walked not in my statutes, and they despised my judgments, which if a man do, he shall even live in them; and my sabbaths they greatly polluted: then I said, I would pour out my fury upon them in the wilderness, to consume them. <span class="ver">14</span>But I wrought for my name
s sake, that it should not be polluted before the heathen, in whose sight I brought them out. <span class="ver">15</span>Yet also I lifted up my hand untoM
them in the wilderness, that I would not bring them into the land which I had given them, flowing with milk and honey, which is the glory of all lands; <span class="ver">16</span>Because they despised my judgments, and walked not in my statutes, but polluted my sabbaths: for their heart went after their idols. <span class="ver">17</span>Nevertheless mine eye spared them from destroying them, neither did I make an end of them in the wilderness. <span class="ver">18</span>But I said unto their children in the wilderM
ness, Walk ye not in the statutes of your fathers, neither observe their judgments, nor defile yourselves with their idols: <span class="ver">19</span>I am the LORD your God; walk in my statutes, and keep my judgments, and do them; <span class="ver">20</span>And hallow my sabbaths; and they shall be a sign between me and you, that ye may know that I am the LORD your God. <span class="ver">21</span>Notwithstanding the children rebelled against me: they walked not in my statutes, neither kept my judgments to do them,M
which if a man do, he shall even live in them; they polluted my sabbaths: then I said, I would pour out my fury upon them, to accomplish my anger against them in the wilderness. <span class="ver">22</span>Nevertheless I withdrew mine hand, and wrought for my name
s sake, that it should not be polluted in the sight of the heathen, in whose sight I brought them forth. <span class="ver">23</span>I lifted up mine hand unto them also in the wilderness, that I would scatter them among the heathen, and disperse them thM
rough the countries; <span class="ver">24</span>Because they had not executed my judgments, but had despised my statutes, and had polluted my sabbaths, and their eyes were after their fathers
idols. <span class="ver">25</span>Wherefore I gave them also statutes that were not good, and judgments whereby they should not live; <span class="ver">26</span>And I polluted them in their own gifts, in that they caused to pass through the fire all that openeth the womb, that I might make them desolate, to the end that theM
y might know that I am the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>Therefore, son of man, speak unto the house of Israel, and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Yet in this your fathers have blasphemed me, in that they have committed a trespass against me. <span class="ver">28</span>For when I had brought them into the land, for the which I lifted up mine hand to give it to them, then they saw every high hill, and all the thick trees, and they offered there their sacrifices, and there they presented the proM
vocation of their offering: there also they made their sweet savour, and poured out there their drink offerings. <span class="ver">29</span>Then I said unto them, What is the high place whereunto ye go? And the name thereof is called Bamah unto this day. <span class="ver">30</span>Wherefore say unto the house of Israel, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Are ye polluted after the manner of your fathers? and commit ye whoredom after their abominations? <span class="ver">31</span>For when ye offer your gifts, when ye make yourM
sons to pass through the fire, ye pollute yourselves with all your idols, even unto this day: and shall I be enquired of by you, O house of Israel? As I live, saith the Lord GOD, I will not be enquired of by you. <span class="ver">32</span>And that which cometh into your mind shall not be at all, that ye say, We will be as the heathen, as the families of the countries, to serve wood and stone. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>As I live, saith the Lord GOD, surely with a mighty hand, and with a stretched out arM
m, and with fury poured out, will I rule over you: <span class="ver">34</span>And I will bring you out from the people, and will gather you out of the countries wherein ye are scattered, with a mighty hand, and with a stretched out arm, and with fury poured out. <span class="ver">35</span>And I will bring you into the wilderness of the people, and there will I plead with you face to face. <span class="ver">36</span>Like as I pleaded with your fathers in the wilderness of the land of Egypt, so will I plead with you,M
saith the Lord GOD. <span class="ver">37</span>And I will cause you to pass under the rod, and I will bring you into the bond of the covenant: <span class="ver">38</span>And I will purge out from among you the rebels, and them that transgress against me: I will bring them forth out of the country where they sojourn, and they shall not enter into the land of Israel: and ye shall know that I am the LORD. <span class="ver">39</span>As for you, O house of Israel, thus saith the Lord GOD; Go ye, serve ye every one his M
idols, and hereafter also, if ye will not hearken unto me: but pollute ye my holy name no more with your gifts, and with your idols. <span class="ver">40</span>For in mine holy mountain, in the mountain of the height of Israel, saith the Lord GOD, there shall all the house of Israel, all of them in the land, serve me: there will I accept them, and there will I require your offerings, and the firstfruits of your oblations, with all your holy things. <span class="ver">41</span>I will accept you with your sweet savourM
, when I bring you out from the people, and gather you out of the countries wherein ye have been scattered; and I will be sanctified in you before the heathen. <span class="ver">42</span>And ye shall know that I am the LORD, when I shall bring you into the land of Israel, into the country for the which I lifted up mine hand to give it to your fathers. <span class="ver">43</span>And there shall ye remember your ways, and all your doings, wherein ye have been defiled; and ye shall lothe yourselves in your own sight fM
or all your evils that ye have committed. <span class="ver">44</span>And ye shall know that I am the LORD, when I have wrought with you for my name
s sake, not according to your wicked ways, nor according to your corrupt doings, O ye house of Israel, saith the Lord GOD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">45</span>Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">46</span>Son of man, set thy face toward the south, and drop thy word toward the south, and prophesy against the forest of the south field; M
<span class="ver">47</span>And say to the forest of the south, Hear the word of the LORD; Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will kindle a fire in thee, and it shall devour every green tree in thee, and every dry tree: the flaming flame shall not be quenched, and all faces from the south to the north shall be burned therein. <span class="ver">48</span>And all flesh shall see that I the LORD have kindled it: it shall not be quenched. <span class="ver">49</span>Then said I, Ah Lord GOD! they say of me, Doth he not spM
<h2 id="c21">Chapter 21</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Son of man, set thy face toward Jerusalem, and drop thy word toward the holy places, and prophesy against the land of Israel, <span class="ver">3</span>And say to the land of Israel, Thus saith the LORD; Behold, I am against thee, and will draw forth my sword out of his sheath, and will cut off from thee the righteous and the wicked. <span class="ver">4</span>Seeing M
then that I will cut off from thee the righteous and the wicked, therefore shall my sword go forth out of his sheath against all flesh from the south to the north: <span class="ver">5</span>That all flesh may know that I the LORD have drawn forth my sword out of his sheath: it shall not return any more. <span class="ver">6</span>Sigh therefore, thou son of man, with the breaking of thy loins; and with bitterness sigh before their eyes. <span class="ver">7</span>And it shall be, when they say unto thee, Wherefore siM
ghest thou? that thou shalt answer, For the tidings; because it cometh: and every heart shall melt, and all hands shall be feeble, and every spirit shall faint, and all knees shall be weak as water: behold, it cometh, and shall be brought to pass, saith the Lord GOD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Again the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">9</span>Son of man, prophesy, and say, Thus saith the LORD; Say, A sword, a sword is sharpened, and also furbished: <span class="ver">10</span>It is M
sharpened to make a sore slaughter; it is furbished that it may glitter: should we then make mirth? it contemneth the rod of my son, as every tree. <span class="ver">11</span>And he hath given it to be furbished, that it may be handled: this sword is sharpened, and it is furbished, to give it into the hand of the slayer. <span class="ver">12</span>Cry and howl, son of man: for it shall be upon my people, it shall be upon all the princes of Israel: terrors by reason of the sword shall be upon my people: smite therefM
ore upon thy thigh. <span class="ver">13</span>Because it is a trial, and what if the sword contemn even the rod? it shall be no more, saith the Lord GOD. <span class="ver">14</span>Thou therefore, son of man, prophesy, and smite thine hands together, and let the sword be doubled the third time, the sword of the slain: it is the sword of the great men that are slain, which entereth into their privy chambers. <span class="ver">15</span>I have set the point of the sword against all their gates, that their heart may fM
aint, and their ruins be multiplied: ah! it is made bright, it is wrapped up for the slaughter. <span class="ver">16</span>Go thee one way or other, either on the right hand, or on the left, whithersoever thy face is set. <span class="ver">17</span>I will also smite mine hands together, and I will cause my fury to rest: I the LORD have said it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>The word of the LORD came unto me again, saying, <span class="ver">19</span>Also, thou son of man, appoint thee two ways, that the swordM
of the king of Babylon may come: both twain shall come forth out of one land: and choose thou a place, choose it at the head of the way to the city. <span class="ver">20</span>Appoint a way, that the sword may come to Rabbath of the Ammonites, and to Judah in Jerusalem the defenced. <span class="ver">21</span>For the king of Babylon stood at the parting of the way, at the head of the two ways, to use divination: he made his arrows bright, he consulted with images, he looked in the liver. <span class="ver">22</spanM
>At his right hand was the divination for Jerusalem, to appoint captains, to open the mouth in the slaughter, to lift up the voice with shouting, to appoint battering rams against the gates, to cast a mount, and to build a fort. <span class="ver">23</span>And it shall be unto them as a false divination in their sight, to them that have sworn oaths: but he will call to remembrance the iniquity, that they may be taken. <span class="ver">24</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because ye have made your iniquity toM
be remembered, in that your transgressions are discovered, so that in all your doings your sins do appear; because, I say, that ye are come to remembrance, ye shall be taken with the hand. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And thou, profane wicked prince of Israel, whose day is come, when iniquity shall have an end, <span class="ver">26</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; Remove the diadem, and take off the crown: this shall not be the same: exalt him that is low, and abase him that is high. <span class="ver">27</spM
an>I will overturn, overturn, overturn, it: and it shall be no more, until he come whose right it is; and I will give it him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>And thou, son of man, prophesy and say, Thus saith the Lord GOD concerning the Ammonites, and concerning their reproach; even say thou, The sword, the sword is drawn: for the slaughter it is furbished, to consume because of the glittering: <span class="ver">29</span>Whiles they see vanity unto thee, whiles they divine a lie unto thee, to bring thee upon tM
he necks of them that are slain, of the wicked, whose day is come, when their iniquity shall have an end. <span class="ver">30</span>Shall I cause it to return into his sheath? I will judge thee in the place where thou wast created, in the land of thy nativity. <span class="ver">31</span>And I will pour out mine indignation upon thee, I will blow against thee in the fire of my wrath, and deliver thee into the hand of brutish men, and skilful to destroy. <span class="ver">32</span>Thou shalt be for fuel to the fire;M
thy blood shall be in the midst of the land; thou shalt be no more remembered: for I the LORD have spoken it.
<h2 id="c22">Chapter 22</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Now, thou son of man, wilt thou judge, wilt thou judge the bloody city? yea, thou shalt shew her all her abominations. <span class="ver">3</span>Then say thou, Thus saith the Lord GOD, The city sheddeth blood in the midst of it, that her time may come, and maketh idoM
ls against herself to defile herself. <span class="ver">4</span>Thou art become guilty in thy blood that thou hast shed; and hast defiled thyself in thine idols which thou hast made; and thou hast caused thy days to draw near, and art come even unto thy years: therefore have I made thee a reproach unto the heathen, and a mocking to all countries. <span class="ver">5</span>Those that be near, and those that be far from thee, shall mock thee, which art infamous and much vexed. <span class="ver">6</span>Behold, the prM
inces of Israel, every one were in thee to their power to shed blood. <span class="ver">7</span>In thee have they set light by father and mother: in the midst of thee have they dealt by oppression with the stranger: in thee have they vexed the fatherless and the widow. <span class="ver">8</span>Thou hast despised mine holy things, and hast profaned my sabbaths. <span class="ver">9</span>In thee are men that carry tales to shed blood: and in thee they eat upon the mountains: in the midst of thee they commit lewdnessM
. <span class="ver">10</span>In thee have they discovered their fathers
nakedness: in thee have they humbled her that was set apart for pollution. <span class="ver">11</span>And one hath committed abomination with his neighbour
s wife; and another hath lewdly defiled his daughter in law; and another in thee hath humbled his sister, his father
s daughter. <span class="ver">12</span>In thee have they taken gifts to shed blood; thou hast taken usury and increase, and thou hast greedily gained of thy neighbours M
by extortion, and hast forgotten me, saith the Lord GOD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Behold, therefore I have smitten mine hand at thy dishonest gain which thou hast made, and at thy blood which hath been in the midst of thee. <span class="ver">14</span>Can thine heart endure, or can thine hands be strong, in the days that I shall deal with thee? I the LORD have spoken it, and will do it. <span class="ver">15</span>And I will scatter thee among the heathen, and disperse thee in the countries, and will consM
ume thy filthiness out of thee. <span class="ver">16</span>And thou shalt take thine inheritance in thyself in the sight of the heathen, and thou shalt know that I am the LORD. <span class="ver">17</span>And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">18</span>Son of man, the house of Israel is to me become dross: all they are brass, and tin, and iron, and lead, in the midst of the furnace; they are even the dross of silver. <span class="ver">19</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because ye aM
re all become dross, behold, therefore I will gather you into the midst of Jerusalem. <span class="ver">20</span>As they gather silver, and brass, and iron, and lead, and tin, into the midst of the furnace, to blow the fire upon it, to melt it; so will I gather you in mine anger and in my fury, and I will leave you there, and melt you. <span class="ver">21</span>Yea, I will gather you, and blow upon you in the fire of my wrath, and ye shall be melted in the midst thereof. <span class="ver">22</span>As silver is melM
ted in the midst of the furnace, so shall ye be melted in the midst thereof; and ye shall know that I the LORD have poured out my fury upon you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">24</span>Son of man, say unto her, Thou art the land that is not cleansed, nor rained upon in the day of indignation. <span class="ver">25</span>There is a conspiracy of her prophets in the midst thereof, like a roaring lion ravening the prey; they have devoured souls; theM
y have taken the treasure and precious things; they have made her many widows in the midst thereof. <span class="ver">26</span>Her priests have violated my law, and have profaned mine holy things: they have put no difference between the holy and profane, neither have they shewed difference between the unclean and the clean, and have hid their eyes from my sabbaths, and I am profaned among them. <span class="ver">27</span>Her princes in the midst thereof are like wolves ravening the prey, to shed blood, and to destrM
oy souls, to get dishonest gain. <span class="ver">28</span>And her prophets have daubed them with untempered morter, seeing vanity, and divining lies unto them, saying, Thus saith the Lord GOD, when the LORD hath not spoken. <span class="ver">29</span>The people of the land have used oppression, and exercised robbery, and have vexed the poor and needy: yea, they have oppressed the stranger wrongfully. <span class="ver">30</span>And I sought for a man among them, that should make up the hedge, and stand in the gap M
before me for the land, that I should not destroy it: but I found none. <span class="ver">31</span>Therefore have I poured out mine indignation upon them; I have consumed them with the fire of my wrath: their own way have I recompensed upon their heads, saith the Lord GOD.
<h2 id="c23">Chapter 23</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The word of the LORD came again unto me, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Son of man, there were two women, the daughters of one mother: <span class="ver">3</span>And they committedM
whoredoms in Egypt; they committed whoredoms in their youth: there were their breasts pressed, and there they bruised the teats of their virginity. <span class="ver">4</span>And the names of them were Aholah the elder, and Aholibah her sister: and they were mine, and they bare sons and daughters. Thus were their names; Samaria is Aholah, and Jerusalem Aholibah. <span class="ver">5</span>And Aholah played the harlot when she was mine; and she doted on her lovers, on the Assyrians her neighbours, <span class="ver">6M
</span>Which were clothed with blue, captains and rulers, all of them desirable young men, horsemen riding upon horses. <span class="ver">7</span>Thus she committed her whoredoms with them, with all them that were the chosen men of Assyria, and with all on whom she doted: with all their idols she defiled herself. <span class="ver">8</span>Neither left she her whoredoms brought from Egypt: for in her youth they lay with her, and they bruised the breasts of her virginity, and poured their whoredom upon her. <span claM
ss="ver">9</span>Wherefore I have delivered her into the hand of her lovers, into the hand of the Assyrians, upon whom she doted. <span class="ver">10</span>These discovered her nakedness: they took her sons and her daughters, and slew her with the sword: and she became famous among women; for they had executed judgment upon her. <span class="ver">11</span>And when her sister Aholibah saw this, she was more corrupt in her inordinate love than she, and in her whoredoms more than her sister in her whoredoms. <span clM
ass="ver">12</span>She doted upon the Assyrians her neighbours, captains and rulers clothed most gorgeously, horsemen riding upon horses, all of them desirable young men. <span class="ver">13</span>Then I saw that she was defiled, that they took both one way, <span class="ver">14</span>And that she increased her whoredoms: for when she saw men pourtrayed upon the wall, the images of the Chaldeans pourtrayed with vermilion, <span class="ver">15</span>Girded with girdles upon their loins, exceeding in dyed attire upoM
n their heads, all of them princes to look to, after the manner of the Babylonians of Chaldea, the land of their nativity: <span class="ver">16</span>And as soon as she saw them with her eyes, she doted upon them, and sent messengers unto them into Chaldea. <span class="ver">17</span>And the Babylonians came to her into the bed of love, and they defiled her with their whoredom, and she was polluted with them, and her mind was alienated from them. <span class="ver">18</span>So she discovered her whoredoms, and discoM
vered her nakedness: then my mind was alienated from her, like as my mind was alienated from her sister. <span class="ver">19</span>Yet she multiplied her whoredoms, in calling to remembrance the days of her youth, wherein she had played the harlot in the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">20</span>For she doted upon their paramours, whose flesh is as the flesh of asses, and whose issue is like the issue of horses. <span class="ver">21</span>Thus thou calledst to remembrance the lewdness of thy youth, in bruising thyM
teats by the Egyptians for the paps of thy youth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Therefore, O Aholibah, thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will raise up thy lovers against thee, from whom thy mind is alienated, and I will bring them against thee on every side; <span class="ver">23</span>The Babylonians, and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, and Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them: all of them desirable young men, captains and rulers, great lords and renowned, all of them riding upon horses. <span class="vM
er">24</span>And they shall come against thee with chariots, wagons, and wheels, and with an assembly of people, which shall set against thee buckler and shield and helmet round about: and I will set judgment before them, and they shall judge thee according to their judgments. <span class="ver">25</span>And I will set my jealousy against thee, and they shall deal furiously with thee: they shall take away thy nose and thine ears; and thy remnant shall fall by the sword: they shall take thy sons and thy daughters; anM
d thy residue shall be devoured by the fire. <span class="ver">26</span>They shall also strip thee out of thy clothes, and take away thy fair jewels. <span class="ver">27</span>Thus will I make thy lewdness to cease from thee, and thy whoredom brought from the land of Egypt: so that thou shalt not lift up thine eyes unto them, nor remember Egypt any more. <span class="ver">28</span>For thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will deliver thee into the hand of them whom thou hatest, into the hand of them from whom thy miM
nd is alienated: <span class="ver">29</span>And they shall deal with thee hatefully, and shall take away all thy labour, and shall leave thee naked and bare: and the nakedness of thy whoredoms shall be discovered, both thy lewdness and thy whoredoms. <span class="ver">30</span>I will do these things unto thee, because thou hast gone a whoring after the heathen, and because thou art polluted with their idols. <span class="ver">31</span>Thou hast walked in the way of thy sister; therefore will I give her cup into thiM
ne hand. <span class="ver">32</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; Thou shalt drink of thy sister
s cup deep and large: thou shalt be laughed to scorn and had in derision; it containeth much. <span class="ver">33</span>Thou shalt be filled with drunkenness and sorrow, with the cup of astonishment and desolation, with the cup of thy sister Samaria. <span class="ver">34</span>Thou shalt even drink it and suck it out, and thou shalt break the sherds thereof, and pluck off thine own breasts: for I have spoken it, saith theM
Lord GOD. <span class="ver">35</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because thou hast forgotten me, and cast me behind thy back, therefore bear thou also thy lewdness and thy whoredoms. </p>
<p><span class="ver">36</span>The LORD said moreover unto me; Son of man, wilt thou judge Aholah and Aholibah? yea, declare unto them their abominations; <span class="ver">37</span>That they have committed adultery, and blood is in their hands, and with their idols have they committed adultery, and have also caused theirM
sons, whom they bare unto me, to pass for them through the fire, to devour them. <span class="ver">38</span>Moreover this they have done unto me: they have defiled my sanctuary in the same day, and have profaned my sabbaths. <span class="ver">39</span>For when they had slain their children to their idols, then they came the same day into my sanctuary to profane it; and, lo, thus have they done in the midst of mine house. <span class="ver">40</span>And furthermore, that ye have sent for men to come from far, unto wM
hom a messenger was sent; and, lo, they came: for whom thou didst wash thyself, paintedst thy eyes, and deckedst thyself with ornaments, <span class="ver">41</span>And satest upon a stately bed, and a table prepared before it, whereupon thou hast set mine incense and mine oil. <span class="ver">42</span>And a voice of a multitude being at ease was with her: and with the men of the common sort were brought Sabeans from the wilderness, which put bracelets upon their hands, and beautiful crowns upon their heads. <spanM
class="ver">43</span>Then said I unto her that was old in adulteries, Will they now commit whoredoms with her, and she with them? <span class="ver">44</span>Yet they went in unto her, as they go in unto a woman that playeth the harlot: so went they in unto Aholah and unto Aholibah, the lewd women. </p>
<p><span class="ver">45</span>And the righteous men, they shall judge them after the manner of adulteresses, and after the manner of women that shed blood; because they are adulteresses, and blood is in their handM
s. <span class="ver">46</span>For thus saith the Lord GOD; I will bring up a company upon them, and will give them to be removed and spoiled. <span class="ver">47</span>And the company shall stone them with stones, and dispatch them with their swords; they shall slay their sons and their daughters, and burn up their houses with fire. <span class="ver">48</span>Thus will I cause lewdness to cease out of the land, that all women may be taught not to do after your lewdness. <span class="ver">49</span>And they shall reM
compense your lewdness upon you, and ye shall bear the sins of your idols: and ye shall know that I am the Lord GOD.
<h2 id="c24">Chapter 24</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Again in the ninth year, in the tenth month, in the tenth day of the month, the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Son of man, write thee the name of the day, even of this same day: the king of Babylon set himself against Jerusalem this same day. <span class="ver">3</span>And utter a parable unto the rebelliM
ous house, and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Set on a pot, set it on, and also pour water into it: <span class="ver">4</span>Gather the pieces thereof into it, even every good piece, the thigh, and the shoulder; fill it with the choice bones. <span class="ver">5</span>Take the choice of the flock, and burn also the bones under it, and make it boil well, and let them seethe the bones of it therein. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Wherefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Woe to the bloody city, to the pot whoM
se scum is therein, and whose scum is not gone out of it! bring it out piece by piece; let no lot fall upon it. <span class="ver">7</span>For her blood is in the midst of her; she set it upon the top of a rock; she poured it not upon the ground, to cover it with dust; <span class="ver">8</span>That it might cause fury to come up to take vengeance; I have set her blood upon the top of a rock, that it should not be covered. <span class="ver">9</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Woe to the bloody city! I will evM
en make the pile for fire great. <span class="ver">10</span>Heap on wood, kindle the fire, consume the flesh, and spice it well, and let the bones be burned. <span class="ver">11</span>Then set it empty upon the coals thereof, that the brass of it may be hot, and may burn, and that the filthiness of it may be molten in it, that the scum of it may be consumed. <span class="ver">12</span>She hath wearied herself with lies, and her great scum went not forth out of her: her scum shall be in the fire. <span class="ver">M
13</span>In thy filthiness is lewdness: because I have purged thee, and thou wast not purged, thou shalt not be purged from thy filthiness any more, till I have caused my fury to rest upon thee. <span class="ver">14</span>I the LORD have spoken it: it shall come to pass, and I will do it; I will not go back, neither will I spare, neither will I repent; according to thy ways, and according to thy doings, shall they judge thee, saith the Lord GOD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Also the word of the LORD came unM
to me, saying, <span class="ver">16</span>Son of man, behold, I take away from thee the desire of thine eyes with a stroke: yet neither shalt thou mourn nor weep, neither shall thy tears run down. <span class="ver">17</span>Forbear to cry, make no mourning for the dead, bind the tire of thine head upon thee, and put on thy shoes upon thy feet, and cover not thy lips, and eat not the bread of men. <span class="ver">18</span>So I spake unto the people in the morning: and at even my wife died; and I did in the morningM
as I was commanded. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And the people said unto me, Wilt thou not tell us what these things are to us, that thou doest so? <span class="ver">20</span>Then I answered them, The word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">21</span>Speak unto the house of Israel, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will profane my sanctuary, the excellency of your strength, the desire of your eyes, and that which your soul pitieth; and your sons and your daughters whom ye have left shall M
fall by the sword. <span class="ver">22</span>And ye shall do as I have done: ye shall not cover your lips, nor eat the bread of men. <span class="ver">23</span>And your tires shall be upon your heads, and your shoes upon your feet: ye shall not mourn nor weep; but ye shall pine away for your iniquities, and mourn one toward another. <span class="ver">24</span>Thus Ezekiel is unto you a sign: according to all that he hath done shall ye do: and when this cometh, ye shall know that I am the Lord GOD. <span class="verM
">25</span>Also, thou son of man, shall it not be in the day when I take from them their strength, the joy of their glory, the desire of their eyes, and that whereupon they set their minds, their sons and their daughters, <span class="ver">26</span>That he that escapeth in that day shall come unto thee, to cause thee to hear it with thine ears? <span class="ver">27</span>In that day shall thy mouth be opened to him which is escaped, and thou shalt speak, and be no more dumb: and thou shalt be a sign unto them; and M
they shall know that I am the LORD.
<h2 id="c25">Chapter 25</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The word of the LORD came again unto me, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Son of man, set thy face against the Ammonites, and prophesy against them; <span class="ver">3</span>And say unto the Ammonites, Hear the word of the Lord GOD; Thus saith the Lord GOD; Because thou saidst, Aha, against my sanctuary, when it was profaned; and against the land of Israel, when it was desolate; and against the house of Judah, whenM
they went into captivity; <span class="ver">4</span>Behold, therefore I will deliver thee to the men of the east for a possession, and they shall set their palaces in thee, and make their dwellings in thee: they shall eat thy fruit, and they shall drink thy milk. <span class="ver">5</span>And I will make Rabbah a stable for camels, and the Ammonites a couchingplace for flocks: and ye shall know that I am the LORD. <span class="ver">6</span>For thus saith the Lord GOD; Because thou hast clapped thine hands, and staM
mped with the feet, and rejoiced in heart with all thy despite against the land of Israel; <span class="ver">7</span>Behold, therefore I will stretch out mine hand upon thee, and will deliver thee for a spoil to the heathen; and I will cut thee off from the people, and I will cause thee to perish out of the countries: I will destroy thee; and thou shalt know that I am the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; Because that Moab and Seir do say, Behold, the house of Judah is like unto allM
the heathen; <span class="ver">9</span>Therefore, behold, I will open the side of Moab from the cities, from his cities which are on his frontiers, the glory of the country, Beth-jeshimoth, Baal-meon, and Kiriathaim, <span class="ver">10</span>Unto the men of the east with the Ammonites, and will give them in possession, that the Ammonites may not be remembered among the nations. <span class="ver">11</span>And I will execute judgments upon Moab; and they shall know that I am the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">1M
2</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; Because that Edom hath dealt against the house of Judah by taking vengeance, and hath greatly offended, and revenged himself upon them; <span class="ver">13</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; I will also stretch out mine hand upon Edom, and will cut off man and beast from it; and I will make it desolate from Teman; and they of Dedan shall fall by the sword. <span class="ver">14</span>And I will lay my vengeance upon Edom by the hand of my people Israel: and they shall do in EdM
om according to mine anger and according to my fury; and they shall know my vengeance, saith the Lord GOD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; Because the Philistines have dealt by revenge, and have taken vengeance with a despiteful heart, to destroy it for the old hatred; <span class="ver">16</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will stretch out mine hand upon the Philistines, and I will cut off the Cherethims, and destroy the remnant of the sea coast. <span class="ver">17</M
span>And I will execute great vengeance upon them with furious rebukes; and they shall know that I am the LORD, when I shall lay my vengeance upon them.
<h2 id="c26">Chapter 26</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass in the eleventh year, in the first day of the month, that the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Son of man, because that Tyrus hath said against Jerusalem, Aha, she is broken that was the gates of the people: she is turned unto me: I shall be replenishM
ed, now she is laid waste: <span class="ver">3</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I am against thee, O Tyrus, and will cause many nations to come up against thee, as the sea causeth his waves to come up. <span class="ver">4</span>And they shall destroy the walls of Tyrus, and break down her towers: I will also scrape her dust from her, and make her like the top of a rock. <span class="ver">5</span>It shall be a place for the spreading of nets in the midst of the sea: for I have spoken it, saith the LoM
rd GOD: and it shall become a spoil to the nations. <span class="ver">6</span>And her daughters which are in the field shall be slain by the sword; and they shall know that I am the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>For thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will bring upon Tyrus Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, a king of kings, from the north, with horses, and with chariots, and with horsemen, and companies, and much people. <span class="ver">8</span>He shall slay with the sword thy daughters in the field: and M
he shall make a fort against thee, and cast a mount against thee, and lift up the buckler against thee. <span class="ver">9</span>And he shall set engines of war against thy walls, and with his axes he shall break down thy towers. <span class="ver">10</span>By reason of the abundance of his horses their dust shall cover thee: thy walls shall shake at the noise of the horsemen, and of the wheels, and of the chariots, when he shall enter into thy gates, as men enter into a city wherein is made a breach. <span class="M
ver">11</span>With the hoofs of his horses shall he tread down all thy streets: he shall slay thy people by the sword, and thy strong garrisons shall go down to the ground. <span class="ver">12</span>And they shall make a spoil of thy riches, and make a prey of thy merchandise: and they shall break down thy walls, and destroy thy pleasant houses: and they shall lay thy stones and thy timber and thy dust in the midst of the water. <span class="ver">13</span>And I will cause the noise of thy songs to cease; and the sM
ound of thy harps shall be no more heard. <span class="ver">14</span>And I will make thee like the top of a rock: thou shalt be a place to spread nets upon; thou shalt be built no more: for I the LORD have spoken it, saith the Lord GOD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD to Tyrus; Shall not the isles shake at the sound of thy fall, when the wounded cry, when the slaughter is made in the midst of thee? <span class="ver">16</span>Then all the princes of the sea shall come down from their thrM
ones, and lay away their robes, and put off their broidered garments: they shall clothe themselves with trembling; they shall sit upon the ground, and shall tremble at every moment, and be astonished at thee. <span class="ver">17</span>And they shall take up a lamentation for thee, and say to thee, How art thou destroyed, that wast inhabited of seafaring men, the renowned city, which wast strong in the sea, she and her inhabitants, which cause their terror to be on all that haunt it! <span class="ver">18</span>Now M
shall the isles tremble in the day of thy fall; yea, the isles that are in the sea shall be troubled at thy departure. <span class="ver">19</span>For thus saith the Lord GOD; When I shall make thee a desolate city, like the cities that are not inhabited; when I shall bring up the deep upon thee, and great waters shall cover thee; <span class="ver">20</span>When I shall bring thee down with them that descend into the pit, with the people of old time, and shall set thee in the low parts of the earth, in places desolaM
te of old, with them that go down to the pit, that thou be not inhabited; and I shall set glory in the land of the living; <span class="ver">21</span>I will make thee a terror, and thou shalt be no more: though thou be sought for, yet shalt thou never be found again, saith the Lord GOD.
<h2 id="c27">Chapter 27</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The word of the LORD came again unto me, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Now, thou son of man, take up a lamentation for Tyrus; <span class="ver">3</span>And say untoM
Tyrus, O thou that art situate at the entry of the sea, which art a merchant of the people for many isles, Thus saith the Lord GOD; O Tyrus, thou hast said, I am of perfect beauty. <span class="ver">4</span>Thy borders are in the midst of the seas, thy builders have perfected thy beauty. <span class="ver">5</span>They have made all thy ship boards of fir trees of Senir: they have taken cedars from Lebanon to make masts for thee. <span class="ver">6</span>Of the oaks of Bashan have they made thine oars; the companyM
of the Ashurites have made thy benches of ivory, brought out of the isles of Chittim. <span class="ver">7</span>Fine linen with broidered work from Egypt was that which thou spreadest forth to be thy sail; blue and purple from the isles of Elishah was that which covered thee. <span class="ver">8</span>The inhabitants of Zidon and Arvad were thy mariners: thy wise men, O Tyrus, that were in thee, were thy pilots. <span class="ver">9</span>The ancients of Gebal and the wise men thereof were in thee thy calkers: all M
the ships of the sea with their mariners were in thee to occupy thy merchandise. <span class="ver">10</span>They of Persia and of Lud and of Phut were in thine army, thy men of war: they hanged the shield and helmet in thee; they set forth thy comeliness. <span class="ver">11</span>The men of Arvad with thine army were upon thy walls round about, and the Gammadims were in thy towers: they hanged their shields upon thy walls round about; they have made thy beauty perfect. <span class="ver">12</span>Tarshish was thy M
merchant by reason of the multitude of all kind of riches; with silver, iron, tin, and lead, they traded in thy fairs. <span class="ver">13</span>Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they were thy merchants: they traded the persons of men and vessels of brass in thy market. <span class="ver">14</span>They of the house of Togarmah traded in thy fairs with horses and horsemen and mules. <span class="ver">15</span>The men of Dedan were thy merchants; many isles were the merchandise of thine hand: they brought thee for a presentM
horns of ivory and ebony. <span class="ver">16</span>Syria was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of the wares of thy making: they occupied in thy fairs with emeralds, purple, and broidered work, and fine linen, and coral, and agate. <span class="ver">17</span>Judah, and the land of Israel, they were thy merchants: they traded in thy market wheat of Minnith, and Pannag, and honey, and oil, and balm. <span class="ver">18</span>Damascus was thy merchant in the multitude of the wares of thy making, for the multiM
tude of all riches; in the wine of Helbon, and white wool. <span class="ver">19</span>Dan also and Javan going to and fro occupied in thy fairs: bright iron, cassia, and calamus, were in thy market. <span class="ver">20</span>Dedan was thy merchant in precious clothes for chariots. <span class="ver">21</span>Arabia, and all the princes of Kedar, they occupied with thee in lambs, and rams, and goats: in these were they thy merchants. <span class="ver">22</span>The merchants of Sheba and Raamah, they were thy merchanM
ts: they occupied in thy fairs with chief of all spices, and with all precious stones, and gold. <span class="ver">23</span>Haran, and Canneh, and Eden, the merchants of Sheba, Asshur, and Chilmad, were thy merchants. <span class="ver">24</span>These were thy merchants in all sorts of things, in blue clothes, and broidered work, and in chests of rich apparel, bound with cords, and made of cedar, among thy merchandise. <span class="ver">25</span>The ships of Tarshish did sing of thee in thy market: and thou wast repM
lenished, and made very glorious in the midst of the seas. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>Thy rowers have brought thee into great waters: the east wind hath broken thee in the midst of the seas. <span class="ver">27</span>Thy riches, and thy fairs, thy merchandise, thy mariners, and thy pilots, thy calkers, and the occupiers of thy merchandise, and all thy men of war, that are in thee, and in all thy company which is in the midst of thee, shall fall into the midst of the seas in the day of thy ruin. <span claM
ss="ver">28</span>The suburbs shall shake at the sound of the cry of thy pilots. <span class="ver">29</span>And all that handle the oar, the mariners, and all the pilots of the sea, shall come down from their ships, they shall stand upon the land; <span class="ver">30</span>And shall cause their voice to be heard against thee, and shall cry bitterly, and shall cast up dust upon their heads, they shall wallow themselves in the ashes: <span class="ver">31</span>And they shall make themselves utterly bald for thee, anM
d gird them with sackcloth, and they shall weep for thee with bitterness of heart and bitter wailing. <span class="ver">32</span>And in their wailing they shall take up a lamentation for thee, and lament over thee, saying, What city is like Tyrus, like the destroyed in the midst of the sea? <span class="ver">33</span>When thy wares went forth out of the seas, thou filledst many people; thou didst enrich the kings of the earth with the multitude of thy riches and of thy merchandise. <span class="ver">34</span>In theM
time when thou shalt be broken by the seas in the depths of the waters thy merchandise and all thy company in the midst of thee shall fall. <span class="ver">35</span>All the inhabitants of the isles shall be astonished at thee, and their kings shall be sore afraid, they shall be troubled in their countenance. <span class="ver">36</span>The merchants among the people shall hiss at thee; thou shalt be a terror, and never shalt be any more.
<h2 id="c28">Chapter 28</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The word of M
the LORD came again unto me, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Son of man, say unto the prince of Tyrus, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Because thine heart is lifted up, and thou hast said, I am a God, I sit in the seat of God, in the midst of the seas; yet thou art a man, and not God, though thou set thine heart as the heart of God: <span class="ver">3</span>Behold, thou art wiser than Daniel; there is no secret that they can hide from thee: <span class="ver">4</span>With thy wisdom and with thine understanding thou hasM
t gotten thee riches, and hast gotten gold and silver into thy treasures: <span class="ver">5</span>By thy great wisdom and by thy traffick hast thou increased thy riches, and thine heart is lifted up because of thy riches: <span class="ver">6</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because thou hast set thine heart as the heart of God; <span class="ver">7</span>Behold, therefore I will bring strangers upon thee, the terrible of the nations: and they shall draw their swords against the beauty of thy wisdom, and thM
ey shall defile thy brightness. <span class="ver">8</span>They shall bring thee down to the pit, and thou shalt die the deaths of them that are slain in the midst of the seas. <span class="ver">9</span>Wilt thou yet say before him that slayeth thee, I am God? but thou shalt be a man, and no God, in the hand of him that slayeth thee. <span class="ver">10</span>Thou shalt die the deaths of the uncircumcised by the hand of strangers: for I have spoken it, saith the Lord GOD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>MoreovM
er the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">12</span>Son of man, take up a lamentation upon the king of Tyrus, and say unto him, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Thou sealest up the sum, full of wisdom, and perfect in beauty. <span class="ver">13</span>Thou hast been in Eden the garden of God; every precious stone was thy covering, the sardius, topaz, and the diamond, the beryl, the onyx, and the jasper, the sapphire, the emerald, and the carbuncle, and gold: the workmanship of thy tabrets and of thy piM
pes was prepared in thee in the day that thou wast created. <span class="ver">14</span>Thou art the anointed cherub that covereth; and I have set thee so: thou wast upon the holy mountain of God; thou hast walked up and down in the midst of the stones of fire. <span class="ver">15</span>Thou wast perfect in thy ways from the day that thou wast created, till iniquity was found in thee. <span class="ver">16</span>By the multitude of thy merchandise they have filled the midst of thee with violence, and thou hast sinneM
d: therefore I will cast thee as profane out of the mountain of God: and I will destroy thee, O covering cherub, from the midst of the stones of fire. <span class="ver">17</span>Thine heart was lifted up because of thy beauty, thou hast corrupted thy wisdom by reason of thy brightness: I will cast thee to the ground, I will lay thee before kings, that they may behold thee. <span class="ver">18</span>Thou hast defiled thy sanctuaries by the multitude of thine iniquities, by the iniquity of thy traffick; therefore wiM
ll I bring forth a fire from the midst of thee, it shall devour thee, and I will bring thee to ashes upon the earth in the sight of all them that behold thee. <span class="ver">19</span>All they that know thee among the people shall be astonished at thee: thou shalt be a terror, and never shalt thou be any more. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Again the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">21</span>Son of man, set thy face against Zidon, and prophesy against it, <span class="ver">22</span>AM
nd say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I am against thee, O Zidon; and I will be glorified in the midst of thee: and they shall know that I am the LORD, when I shall have executed judgments in her, and shall be sanctified in her. <span class="ver">23</span>For I will send into her pestilence, and blood into her streets; and the wounded shall be judged in the midst of her by the sword upon her on every side; and they shall know that I am the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And there shall be no more a pM
ricking brier unto the house of Israel, nor any grieving thorn of all that are round about them, that despised them; and they shall know that I am the Lord GOD. <span class="ver">25</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; When I shall have gathered the house of Israel from the people among whom they are scattered, and shall be sanctified in them in the sight of the heathen, then shall they dwell in their land that I have given to my servant Jacob. <span class="ver">26</span>And they shall dwell safely therein, and shall buiM
ld houses, and plant vineyards; yea, they shall dwell with confidence, when I have executed judgments upon all those that despise them round about them; and they shall know that I am the LORD their God.
<h2 id="c29">Chapter 29</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In the tenth year, in the tenth month, in the twelfth day of the month, the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Son of man, set thy face against Pharaoh king of Egypt, and prophesy against him, and against all Egypt: <span cM
lass="ver">3</span>Speak, and say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I am against thee, Pharaoh king of Egypt, the great dragon that lieth in the midst of his rivers, which hath said, My river is mine own, and I have made it for myself. <span class="ver">4</span>But I will put hooks in thy jaws, and I will cause the fish of thy rivers to stick unto thy scales, and I will bring thee up out of the midst of thy rivers, and all the fish of thy rivers shall stick unto thy scales. <span class="ver">5</span>And I will leavM
e thee thrown into the wilderness, thee and all the fish of thy rivers: thou shalt fall upon the open fields; thou shalt not be brought together, nor gathered: I have given thee for meat to the beasts of the field and to the fowls of the heaven. <span class="ver">6</span>And all the inhabitants of Egypt shall know that I am the LORD, because they have been a staff of reed to the house of Israel. <span class="ver">7</span>When they took hold of thee by thy hand, thou didst break, and rend all their shoulder: and wheM
n they leaned upon thee, thou brakest, and madest all their loins to be at a stand. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will bring a sword upon thee, and cut off man and beast out of thee. <span class="ver">9</span>And the land of Egypt shall be desolate and waste; and they shall know that I am the LORD: because he hath said, The river is mine, and I have made it. <span class="ver">10</span>Behold, therefore I am against thee, and against thy rivers, and I will make the M
land of Egypt utterly waste and desolate, from the tower of Syene even unto the border of Ethiopia. <span class="ver">11</span>No foot of man shall pass through it, nor foot of beast shall pass through it, neither shall it be inhabited forty years. <span class="ver">12</span>And I will make the land of Egypt desolate in the midst of the countries that are desolate, and her cities among the cities that are laid waste shall be desolate forty years: and I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations, and will disperseM
them through the countries. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Yet thus saith the Lord GOD; At the end of forty years will I gather the Egyptians from the people whither they were scattered: <span class="ver">14</span>And I will bring again the captivity of Egypt, and will cause them to return into the land of Pathros, into the land of their habitation; and they shall be there a base kingdom. <span class="ver">15</span>It shall be the basest of the kingdoms; neither shall it exalt itself any more above the natioM
ns: for I will diminish them, that they shall no more rule over the nations. <span class="ver">16</span>And it shall be no more the confidence of the house of Israel, which bringeth their iniquity to remembrance, when they shall look after them: but they shall know that I am the Lord GOD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And it came to pass in the seven and twentieth year, in the first month, in the first day of the month, the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">18</span>Son of man, NebuchaM
drezzar king of Babylon caused his army to serve a great service against Tyrus: every head was made bald, and every shoulder was peeled: yet had he no wages, nor his army, for Tyrus, for the service that he had served against it: <span class="ver">19</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will give the land of Egypt unto Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon; and he shall take her multitude, and take her spoil, and take her prey; and it shall be the wages for his army. <span class="ver">20</span>I have given hM
im the land of Egypt for his labour wherewith he served against it, because they wrought for me, saith the Lord GOD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>In that day will I cause the horn of the house of Israel to bud forth, and I will give thee the opening of the mouth in the midst of them; and they shall know that I am the LORD.
<h2 id="c30">Chapter 30</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The word of the LORD came again unto me, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Son of man, prophesy and say, Thus saith the LorM
d GOD; Howl ye, Woe worth the day! <span class="ver">3</span>For the day is near, even the day of the LORD is near, a cloudy day; it shall be the time of the heathen. <span class="ver">4</span>And the sword shall come upon Egypt, and great pain shall be in Ethiopia, when the slain shall fall in Egypt, and they shall take away her multitude, and her foundations shall be broken down. <span class="ver">5</span>Ethiopia, and Libya, and Lydia, and all the mingled people, and Chub, and the men of the land that is in leagM
ue, shall fall with them by the sword. <span class="ver">6</span>Thus saith the LORD; They also that uphold Egypt shall fall; and the pride of her power shall come down: from the tower of Syene shall they fall in it by the sword, saith the Lord GOD. <span class="ver">7</span>And they shall be desolate in the midst of the countries that are desolate, and her cities shall be in the midst of the cities that are wasted. <span class="ver">8</span>And they shall know that I am the LORD, when I have set a fire in Egypt, aM
nd when all her helpers shall be destroyed. <span class="ver">9</span>In that day shall messengers go forth from me in ships to make the careless Ethiopians afraid, and great pain shall come upon them, as in the day of Egypt: for, lo, it cometh. <span class="ver">10</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; I will also make the multitude of Egypt to cease by the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon. <span class="ver">11</span>He and his people with him, the terrible of the nations, shall be brought to destroy the land: and M
they shall draw their swords against Egypt, and fill the land with the slain. <span class="ver">12</span>And I will make the rivers dry, and sell the land into the hand of the wicked: and I will make the land waste, and all that is therein, by the hand of strangers: I the LORD have spoken it. <span class="ver">13</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; I will also destroy the idols, and I will cause their images to cease out of Noph; and there shall be no more a prince of the land of Egypt: and I will put a fear in the landM
of Egypt. <span class="ver">14</span>And I will make Pathros desolate, and will set fire in Zoan, and will execute judgments in No. <span class="ver">15</span>And I will pour my fury upon Sin, the strength of Egypt; and I will cut off the multitude of No. <span class="ver">16</span>And I will set fire in Egypt: Sin shall have great pain, and No shall be rent asunder, and Noph shall have distresses daily. <span class="ver">17</span>The young men of Aven and of Pi-beseth shall fall by the sword: and these cities shaM
ll go into captivity. <span class="ver">18</span>At Tehaphnehes also the day shall be darkened, when I shall break there the yokes of Egypt: and the pomp of her strength shall cease in her: as for her, a cloud shall cover her, and her daughters shall go into captivity. <span class="ver">19</span>Thus will I execute judgments in Egypt: and they shall know that I am the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And it came to pass in the eleventh year, in the first month, in the seventh day of the month, that the woM
rd of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">21</span>Son of man, I have broken the arm of Pharaoh king of Egypt; and, lo, it shall not be bound up to be healed, to put a roller to bind it, to make it strong to hold the sword. <span class="ver">22</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I am against Pharaoh king of Egypt, and will break his arms, the strong, and that which was broken; and I will cause the sword to fall out of his hand. <span class="ver">23</span>And I will scatter the Egyptians aM
mong the nations, and will disperse them through the countries. <span class="ver">24</span>And I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon, and put my sword in his hand: but I will break Pharaoh
s arms, and he shall groan before him with the groanings of a deadly wounded man. <span class="ver">25</span>But I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon, and the arms of Pharaoh shall fall down; and they shall know that I am the LORD, when I shall put my sword into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he sM
hall stretch it out upon the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">26</span>And I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations, and disperse them among the countries; and they shall know that I am the LORD.
<h2 id="c31">Chapter 31</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass in the eleventh year, in the third month, in the first day of the month, that the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Son of man, speak unto Pharaoh king of Egypt, and to his multitude; Whom art thou like M
in thy greatness? </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Behold, the Assyrian was a cedar in Lebanon with fair branches, and with a shadowing shroud, and of an high stature; and his top was among the thick boughs. <span class="ver">4</span>The waters made him great, the deep set him up on high with her rivers running round about his plants, and sent out her little rivers unto all the trees of the field. <span class="ver">5</span>Therefore his height was exalted above all the trees of the field, and his boughs were mulM
tiplied, and his branches became long because of the multitude of waters, when he shot forth. <span class="ver">6</span>All the fowls of heaven made their nests in his boughs, and under his branches did all the beasts of the field bring forth their young, and under his shadow dwelt all great nations. <span class="ver">7</span>Thus was he fair in his greatness, in the length of his branches: for his root was by great waters. <span class="ver">8</span>The cedars in the garden of God could not hide him: the fir trees M
were not like his boughs, and the chesnut trees were not like his branches; nor any tree in the garden of God was like unto him in his beauty. <span class="ver">9</span>I have made him fair by the multitude of his branches: so that all the trees of Eden, that were in the garden of God, envied him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because thou hast lifted up thyself in height, and he hath shot up his top among the thick boughs, and his heart is lifted up in his height; <span clM
ass="ver">11</span>I have therefore delivered him into the hand of the mighty one of the heathen; he shall surely deal with him: I have driven him out for his wickedness. <span class="ver">12</span>And strangers, the terrible of the nations, have cut him off, and have left him: upon the mountains and in all the valleys his branches are fallen, and his boughs are broken by all the rivers of the land; and all the people of the earth are gone down from his shadow, and have left him. <span class="ver">13</span>Upon hisM
ruin shall all the fowls of the heaven remain, and all the beasts of the field shall be upon his branches: <span class="ver">14</span>To the end that none of all the trees by the waters exalt themselves for their height, neither shoot up their top among the thick boughs, neither their trees stand up in their height, all that drink water: for they are all delivered unto death, to the nether parts of the earth, in the midst of the children of men, with them that go down to the pit. <span class="ver">15</span>Thus saM
ith the Lord GOD; In the day when he went down to the grave I caused a mourning: I covered the deep for him, and I restrained the floods thereof, and the great waters were stayed: and I caused Lebanon to mourn for him, and all the trees of the field fainted for him. <span class="ver">16</span>I made the nations to shake at the sound of his fall, when I cast him down to hell with them that descend into the pit: and all the trees of Eden, the choice and best of Lebanon, all that drink water, shall be comforted in theM
nether parts of the earth. <span class="ver">17</span>They also went down into hell with him unto them that be slain with the sword; and they that were his arm, that dwelt under his shadow in the midst of the heathen. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>To whom art thou thus like in glory and in greatness among the trees of Eden? yet shalt thou be brought down with the trees of Eden unto the nether parts of the earth: thou shalt lie in the midst of the uncircumcised with them that be slain by the sword. This is PM
haraoh and all his multitude, saith the Lord GOD.
<h2 id="c32">Chapter 32</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass in the twelfth year, in the twelfth month, in the first day of the month, that the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Son of man, take up a lamentation for Pharaoh king of Egypt, and say unto him, Thou art like a young lion of the nations, and thou art as a whale in the seas: and thou camest forth with thy rivers, and troubledst the waters with thy feet,M
and fouledst their rivers. <span class="ver">3</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; I will therefore spread out my net over thee with a company of many people; and they shall bring thee up in my net. <span class="ver">4</span>Then will I leave thee upon the land, I will cast thee forth upon the open field, and will cause all the fowls of the heaven to remain upon thee, and I will fill the beasts of the whole earth with thee. <span class="ver">5</span>And I will lay thy flesh upon the mountains, and fill the valleys withM
thy height. <span class="ver">6</span>I will also water with thy blood the land wherein thou swimmest, even to the mountains; and the rivers shall be full of thee. <span class="ver">7</span>And when I shall put thee out, I will cover the heaven, and make the stars thereof dark; I will cover the sun with a cloud, and the moon shall not give her light. <span class="ver">8</span>All the bright lights of heaven will I make dark over thee, and set darkness upon thy land, saith the Lord GOD. <span class="ver">9</span>I M
will also vex the hearts of many people, when I shall bring thy destruction among the nations, into the countries which thou hast not known. <span class="ver">10</span>Yea, I will make many people amazed at thee, and their kings shall be horribly afraid for thee, when I shall brandish my sword before them; and they shall tremble at every moment, every man for his own life, in the day of thy fall. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>For thus saith the Lord GOD; The sword of the king of Babylon shall come upon thee.M
<span class="ver">12</span>By the swords of the mighty will I cause thy multitude to fall, the terrible of the nations, all of them: and they shall spoil the pomp of Egypt, and all the multitude thereof shall be destroyed. <span class="ver">13</span>I will destroy also all the beasts thereof from beside the great waters; neither shall the foot of man trouble them any more, nor the hoofs of beasts trouble them. <span class="ver">14</span>Then will I make their waters deep, and cause their rivers to run like oil, saM
ith the Lord GOD. <span class="ver">15</span>When I shall make the land of Egypt desolate, and the country shall be destitute of that whereof it was full, when I shall smite all them that dwell therein, then shall they know that I am the LORD. <span class="ver">16</span>This is the lamentation wherewith they shall lament her: the daughters of the nations shall lament her: they shall lament for her, even for Egypt, and for all her multitude, saith the Lord GOD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>It came to pass alM
so in the twelfth year, in the fifteenth day of the month, that the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">18</span>Son of man, wail for the multitude of Egypt, and cast them down, even her, and the daughters of the famous nations, unto the nether parts of the earth, with them that go down into the pit. <span class="ver">19</span>Whom dost thou pass in beauty? go down, and be thou laid with the uncircumcised. <span class="ver">20</span>They shall fall in the midst of them that are slain by the swoM
rd: she is delivered to the sword: draw her and all her multitudes. <span class="ver">21</span>The strong among the mighty shall speak to him out of the midst of hell with them that help him: they are gone down, they lie uncircumcised, slain by the sword. <span class="ver">22</span>Asshur is there and all her company: his graves are about him: all of them slain, fallen by the sword: <span class="ver">23</span>Whose graves are set in the sides of the pit, and her company is round about her grave: all of them slain, M
fallen by the sword, which caused terror in the land of the living. <span class="ver">24</span>There is Elam and all her multitude round about her grave, all of them slain, fallen by the sword, which are gone down uncircumcised into the nether parts of the earth, which caused their terror in the land of the living; yet have they borne their shame with them that go down to the pit. <span class="ver">25</span>They have set her a bed in the midst of the slain with all her multitude: her graves are round about him: allM
of them uncircumcised, slain by the sword: though their terror was caused in the land of the living, yet have they borne their shame with them that go down to the pit: he is put in the midst of them that be slain. <span class="ver">26</span>There is Meshech, Tubal, and all her multitude: her graves are round about him: all of them uncircumcised, slain by the sword, though they caused their terror in the land of the living. <span class="ver">27</span>And they shall not lie with the mighty that are fallen of the uncM
ircumcised, which are gone down to hell with their weapons of war: and they have laid their swords under their heads, but their iniquities shall be upon their bones, though they were the terror of the mighty in the land of the living. <span class="ver">28</span>Yea, thou shalt be broken in the midst of the uncircumcised, and shalt lie with them that are slain with the sword. <span class="ver">29</span>There is Edom, her kings, and all her princes, which with their might are laid by them that were slain by the swordM
: they shall lie with the uncircumcised, and with them that go down to the pit. <span class="ver">30</span>There be the princes of the north, all of them, and all the Zidonians, which are gone down with the slain; with their terror they are ashamed of their might; and they lie uncircumcised with them that be slain by the sword, and bear their shame with them that go down to the pit. <span class="ver">31</span>Pharaoh shall see them, and shall be comforted over all his multitude, even Pharaoh and all his army slain M
by the sword, saith the Lord GOD. <span class="ver">32</span>For I have caused my terror in the land of the living: and he shall be laid in the midst of the uncircumcised with them that are slain with the sword, even Pharaoh and all his multitude, saith the Lord GOD.
<h2 id="c33">Chapter 33</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Again the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Son of man, speak to the children of thy people, and say unto them, When I bring the sword upon a land, if the peM
ople of the land take a man of their coasts, and set him for their watchman: <span class="ver">3</span>If when he seeth the sword come upon the land, he blow the trumpet, and warn the people; <span class="ver">4</span>Then whosoever heareth the sound of the trumpet, and taketh not warning; if the sword come, and take him away, his blood shall be upon his own head. <span class="ver">5</span>He heard the sound of the trumpet, and took not warning; his blood shall be upon him. But he that taketh warning shall deliver M
his soul. <span class="ver">6</span>But if the watchman see the sword come, and blow not the trumpet, and the people be not warned; if the sword come, and take any person from among them, he is taken away in his iniquity; but his blood will I require at the watchman
<p><span class="ver">7</span>So thou, O son of man, I have set thee a watchman unto the house of Israel; therefore thou shalt hear the word at my mouth, and warn them from me. <span class="ver">8</span>When I say unto the wicked, O wickM
ed man, thou shalt surely die; if thou dost not speak to warn the wicked from his way, that wicked man shall die in his iniquity; but his blood will I require at thine hand. <span class="ver">9</span>Nevertheless, if thou warn the wicked of his way to turn from it; if he do not turn from his way, he shall die in his iniquity; but thou hast delivered thy soul. <span class="ver">10</span>Therefore, O thou son of man, speak unto the house of Israel; Thus ye speak, saying, If our transgressions and our sins be upon us,M
and we pine away in them, how should we then live? <span class="ver">11</span>Say unto them, As I live, saith the Lord GOD, I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked; but that the wicked turn from his way and live: turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways; for why will ye die, O house of Israel? <span class="ver">12</span>Therefore, thou son of man, say unto the children of thy people, The righteousness of the righteous shall not deliver him in the day of his transgression: as for the wickedness of the wicked, he M
shall not fall thereby in the day that he turneth from his wickedness; neither shall the righteous be able to live for his righteousness in the day that he sinneth. <span class="ver">13</span>When I shall say to the righteous, that he shall surely live; if he trust to his own righteousness, and commit iniquity, all his righteousnesses shall not be remembered; but for his iniquity that he hath committed, he shall die for it. <span class="ver">14</span>Again, when I say unto the wicked, Thou shalt surely die; if he tM
urn from his sin, and do that which is lawful and right; <span class="ver">15</span>If the wicked restore the pledge, give again that he had robbed, walk in the statutes of life, without committing iniquity; he shall surely live, he shall not die. <span class="ver">16</span>None of his sins that he hath committed shall be mentioned unto him: he hath done that which is lawful and right; he shall surely live. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Yet the children of thy people say, The way of the Lord is not equal: buM
t as for them, their way is not equal. <span class="ver">18</span>When the righteous turneth from his righteousness, and committeth iniquity, he shall even die thereby. <span class="ver">19</span>But if the wicked turn from his wickedness, and do that which is lawful and right, he shall live thereby. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Yet ye say, The way of the Lord is not equal. O ye house of Israel, I will judge you every one after his ways. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And it came to pass in the twelftM
h year of our captivity, in the tenth month, in the fifth day of the month, that one that had escaped out of Jerusalem came unto me, saying, The city is smitten. <span class="ver">22</span>Now the hand of the LORD was upon me in the evening, afore he that was escaped came; and had opened my mouth, until he came to me in the morning; and my mouth was opened, and I was no more dumb. <span class="ver">23</span>Then the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">24</span>Son of man, they that inhabit thosM
e wastes of the land of Israel speak, saying, Abraham was one, and he inherited the land: but we are many; the land is given us for inheritance. <span class="ver">25</span>Wherefore say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Ye eat with the blood, and lift up your eyes toward your idols, and shed blood: and shall ye possess the land? <span class="ver">26</span>Ye stand upon your sword, ye work abomination, and ye defile every one his neighbour
s wife: and shall ye possess the land? <span class="ver">27</span>Say thoM
u thus unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; As I live, surely they that are in the wastes shall fall by the sword, and him that is in the open field will I give to the beasts to be devoured, and they that be in the forts and in the caves shall die of the pestilence. <span class="ver">28</span>For I will lay the land most desolate, and the pomp of her strength shall cease; and the mountains of Israel shall be desolate, that none shall pass through. <span class="ver">29</span>Then shall they know that I am the LORD, wM
hen I have laid the land most desolate because of all their abominations which they have committed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>Also, thou son of man, the children of thy people still are talking against thee by the walls and in the doors of the houses, and speak one to another, every one to his brother, saying, Come, I pray you, and hear what is the word that cometh forth from the LORD. <span class="ver">31</span>And they come unto thee as the people cometh, and they sit before thee as my people, and theyM
hear thy words, but they will not do them: for with their mouth they shew much love, but their heart goeth after their covetousness. <span class="ver">32</span>And, lo, thou art unto them as a very lovely song of one that hath a pleasant voice, and can play well on an instrument: for they hear thy words, but they do them not. <span class="ver">33</span>And when this cometh to pass, (lo, it will come,) then shall they know that a prophet hath been among them.
<h2 id="c34">Chapter 34</h2>
<p><span class="ver">M
1</span>And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Son of man, prophesy against the shepherds of Israel, prophesy, and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD unto the shepherds; Woe be to the shepherds of Israel that do feed themselves! should not the shepherds feed the flocks? <span class="ver">3</span>Ye eat the fat, and ye clothe you with the wool, ye kill them that are fed: but ye feed not the flock. <span class="ver">4</span>The diseased have ye not strengthened, neither have ye hM
ealed that which was sick, neither have ye bound up that which was broken, neither have ye brought again that which was driven away, neither have ye sought that which was lost; but with force and with cruelty have ye ruled them. <span class="ver">5</span>And they were scattered, because there is no shepherd: and they became meat to all the beasts of the field, when they were scattered. <span class="ver">6</span>My sheep wandered through all the mountains, and upon every high hill: yea, my flock was scattered upon aM
ll the face of the earth, and none did search or seek after them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Therefore, ye shepherds, hear the word of the LORD; <span class="ver">8</span>As I live, saith the Lord GOD, surely because my flock became a prey, and my flock became meat to every beast of the field, because there was no shepherd, neither did my shepherds search for my flock, but the shepherds fed themselves, and fed not my flock; <span class="ver">9</span>Therefore, O ye shepherds, hear the word of the LORD; <spM
an class="ver">10</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I am against the shepherds; and I will require my flock at their hand, and cause them to cease from feeding the flock; neither shall the shepherds feed themselves any more; for I will deliver my flock from their mouth, that they may not be meat for them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>For thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I, even I, will both search my sheep, and seek them out. <span class="ver">12</span>As a shepherd seeketh out his flock in the day thaM
t he is among his sheep that are scattered; so will I seek out my sheep, and will deliver them out of all places where they have been scattered in the cloudy and dark day. <span class="ver">13</span>And I will bring them out from the people, and gather them from the countries, and will bring them to their own land, and feed them upon the mountains of Israel by the rivers, and in all the inhabited places of the country. <span class="ver">14</span>I will feed them in a good pasture, and upon the high mountains of IsrM
ael shall their fold be: there shall they lie in a good fold, and in a fat pasture shall they feed upon the mountains of Israel. <span class="ver">15</span>I will feed my flock, and I will cause them to lie down, saith the Lord GOD. <span class="ver">16</span>I will seek that which was lost, and bring again that which was driven away, and will bind up that which was broken, and will strengthen that which was sick: but I will destroy the fat and the strong; I will feed them with judgment. <span class="ver">17</span>M
And as for you, O my flock, thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I judge between cattle and cattle, between the rams and the he goats. <span class="ver">18</span>Seemeth it a small thing unto you to have eaten up the good pasture, but ye must tread down with your feet the residue of your pastures? and to have drunk of the deep waters, but ye must foul the residue with your feet? <span class="ver">19</span>And as for my flock, they eat that which ye have trodden with your feet; and they drink that which ye have fouled wM
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD unto them; Behold, I, even I, will judge between the fat cattle and between the lean cattle. <span class="ver">21</span>Because ye have thrust with side and with shoulder, and pushed all the diseased with your horns, till ye have scattered them abroad; <span class="ver">22</span>Therefore will I save my flock, and they shall no more be a prey; and I will judge between cattle and cattle. <span class="ver">23</span>And I will set upM
one shepherd over them, and he shall feed them, even my servant David; he shall feed them, and he shall be their shepherd. <span class="ver">24</span>And I the LORD will be their God, and my servant David a prince among them; I the LORD have spoken it. <span class="ver">25</span>And I will make with them a covenant of peace, and will cause the evil beasts to cease out of the land: and they shall dwell safely in the wilderness, and sleep in the woods. <span class="ver">26</span>And I will make them and the places rM
ound about my hill a blessing; and I will cause the shower to come down in his season; there shall be showers of blessing. <span class="ver">27</span>And the tree of the field shall yield her fruit, and the earth shall yield her increase, and they shall be safe in their land, and shall know that I am the LORD, when I have broken the bands of their yoke, and delivered them out of the hand of those that served themselves of them. <span class="ver">28</span>And they shall no more be a prey to the heathen, neither shalM
l the beast of the land devour them; but they shall dwell safely, and none shall make them afraid. <span class="ver">29</span>And I will raise up for them a plant of renown, and they shall be no more consumed with hunger in the land, neither bear the shame of the heathen any more. <span class="ver">30</span>Thus shall they know that I the LORD their God am with them, and that they, even the house of Israel, are my people, saith the Lord GOD. <span class="ver">31</span>And ye my flock, the flock of my pasture, are mM
en, and I am your God, saith the Lord GOD.
<h2 id="c35">Chapter 35</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Son of man, set thy face against mount Seir, and prophesy against it, <span class="ver">3</span>And say unto it, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, O mount Seir, I am against thee, and I will stretch out mine hand against thee, and I will make thee most desolate. <span class="ver">4</span>I will lay thy cities waste, and thou shalt be M
desolate, and thou shalt know that I am the LORD. <span class="ver">5</span>Because thou hast had a perpetual hatred, and hast shed the blood of the children of Israel by the force of the sword in the time of their calamity, in the time that their iniquity had an end: <span class="ver">6</span>Therefore, as I live, saith the Lord GOD, I will prepare thee unto blood, and blood shall pursue thee: sith thou hast not hated blood, even blood shall pursue thee. <span class="ver">7</span>Thus will I make mount Seir most dM
esolate, and cut off from it him that passeth out and him that returneth. <span class="ver">8</span>And I will fill his mountains with his slain men: in thy hills, and in thy valleys, and in all thy rivers, shall they fall that are slain with the sword. <span class="ver">9</span>I will make thee perpetual desolations, and thy cities shall not return: and ye shall know that I am the LORD. <span class="ver">10</span>Because thou hast said, These two nations and these two countries shall be mine, and we will possess iM
t; whereas the LORD was there: <span class="ver">11</span>Therefore, as I live, saith the Lord GOD, I will even do according to thine anger, and according to thine envy which thou hast used out of thy hatred against them; and I will make myself known among them, when I have judged thee. <span class="ver">12</span>And thou shalt know that I am the LORD, and that I have heard all thy blasphemies which thou hast spoken against the mountains of Israel, saying, They are laid desolate, they are given us to consume. <spanM
class="ver">13</span>Thus with your mouth ye have boasted against me, and have multiplied your words against me: I have heard them. <span class="ver">14</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; When the whole earth rejoiceth, I will make thee desolate. <span class="ver">15</span>As thou didst rejoice at the inheritance of the house of Israel, because it was desolate, so will I do unto thee: thou shalt be desolate, O mount Seir, and all Idumea, even all of it: and they shall know that I am the LORD.
<h2 id="c36">Chapter 3M
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Also, thou son of man, prophesy unto the mountains of Israel, and say, Ye mountains of Israel, hear the word of the LORD: <span class="ver">2</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; Because the enemy hath said against you, Aha, even the ancient high places are ours in possession: <span class="ver">3</span>Therefore prophesy and say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Because they have made you desolate, and swallowed you up on every side, that ye might be a possession unto the residue of the heaM
then, and ye are taken up in the lips of talkers, and are an infamy of the people: <span class="ver">4</span>Therefore, ye mountains of Israel, hear the word of the Lord GOD; Thus saith the Lord GOD to the mountains, and to the hills, to the rivers, and to the valleys, to the desolate wastes, and to the cities that are forsaken, which became a prey and derision to the residue of the heathen that are round about; <span class="ver">5</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Surely in the fire of my jealousy have I spM
oken against the residue of the heathen, and against all Idumea, which have appointed my land into their possession with the joy of all their heart, with despiteful minds, to cast it out for a prey. <span class="ver">6</span>Prophesy therefore concerning the land of Israel, and say unto the mountains, and to the hills, to the rivers, and to the valleys, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I have spoken in my jealousy and in my fury, because ye have borne the shame of the heathen: <span class="ver">7</span>Therefore thM
us saith the Lord GOD; I have lifted up mine hand, Surely the heathen that are about you, they shall bear their shame. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>But ye, O mountains of Israel, ye shall shoot forth your branches, and yield your fruit to my people of Israel; for they are at hand to come. <span class="ver">9</span>For, behold, I am for you, and I will turn unto you, and ye shall be tilled and sown: <span class="ver">10</span>And I will multiply men upon you, all the house of Israel, even all of it: and the cM
ities shall be inhabited, and the wastes shall be builded: <span class="ver">11</span>And I will multiply upon you man and beast; and they shall increase and bring fruit: and I will settle you after your old estates, and will do better unto you than at your beginnings: and ye shall know that I am the LORD. <span class="ver">12</span>Yea, I will cause men to walk upon you, even my people Israel; and they shall possess thee, and thou shalt be their inheritance, and thou shalt no more henceforth bereave them of men. <M
span class="ver">13</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; Because they say unto you, Thou land devourest up men, and hast bereaved thy nations; <span class="ver">14</span>Therefore thou shalt devour men no more, neither bereave thy nations any more, saith the Lord GOD. <span class="ver">15</span>Neither will I cause men to hear in thee the shame of the heathen any more, neither shalt thou bear the reproach of the people any more, neither shalt thou cause thy nations to fall any more, saith the Lord GOD. </p>
ass="ver">16</span>Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">17</span>Son of man, when the house of Israel dwelt in their own land, they defiled it by their own way and by their doings: their way was before me as the uncleanness of a removed woman. <span class="ver">18</span>Wherefore I poured my fury upon them for the blood that they had shed upon the land, and for their idols wherewith they had polluted it: <span class="ver">19</span>And I scattered them among the heathen, and they werM
e dispersed through the countries: according to their way and according to their doings I judged them. <span class="ver">20</span>And when they entered unto the heathen, whither they went, they profaned my holy name, when they said to them, These are the people of the LORD, and are gone forth out of his land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>But I had pity for mine holy name, which the house of Israel had profaned among the heathen, whither they went. <span class="ver">22</span>Therefore say unto the house of IM
srael, Thus saith the Lord GOD; I do not this for your sakes, O house of Israel, but for mine holy name
s sake, which ye have profaned among the heathen, whither ye went. <span class="ver">23</span>And I will sanctify my great name, which was profaned among the heathen, which ye have profaned in the midst of them; and the heathen shall know that I am the LORD, saith the Lord GOD, when I shall be sanctified in you before their eyes. <span class="ver">24</span>For I will take you from among the heathen, and gather M
you out of all countries, and will bring you into your own land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>Then will I sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be clean: from all your filthiness, and from all your idols, will I cleanse you. <span class="ver">26</span>A new heart also will I give you, and a new spirit will I put within you: and I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh, and I will give you an heart of flesh. <span class="ver">27</span>And I will put my spirit within you, and cause you to walkM
in my statutes, and ye shall keep my judgments, and do them. <span class="ver">28</span>And ye shall dwell in the land that I gave to your fathers; and ye shall be my people, and I will be your God. <span class="ver">29</span>I will also save you from all your uncleannesses: and I will call for the corn, and will increase it, and lay no famine upon you. <span class="ver">30</span>And I will multiply the fruit of the tree, and the increase of the field, that ye shall receive no more reproach of famine among the heaM
then. <span class="ver">31</span>Then shall ye remember your own evil ways, and your doings that were not good, and shall lothe yourselves in your own sight for your iniquities and for your abominations. <span class="ver">32</span>Not for your sakes do I this, saith the Lord GOD, be it known unto you: be ashamed and confounded for your own ways, O house of Israel. <span class="ver">33</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; In the day that I shall have cleansed you from all your iniquities I will also cause you to dwell in M
the cities, and the wastes shall be builded. <span class="ver">34</span>And the desolate land shall be tilled, whereas it lay desolate in the sight of all that passed by. <span class="ver">35</span>And they shall say, This land that was desolate is become like the garden of Eden; and the waste and desolate and ruined cities are become fenced, and are inhabited. <span class="ver">36</span>Then the heathen that are left round about you shall know that I the LORD build the ruined places, and plant that that was desolaM
te: I the LORD have spoken it, and I will do it. <span class="ver">37</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; I will yet for this be enquired of by the house of Israel, to do it for them; I will increase them with men like a flock. <span class="ver">38</span>As the holy flock, as the flock of Jerusalem in her solemn feasts; so shall the waste cities be filled with flocks of men: and they shall know that I am the LORD.
<h2 id="c37">Chapter 37</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The hand of the LORD was upon me, and carriM
ed me out in the spirit of the LORD, and set me down in the midst of the valley which was full of bones, <span class="ver">2</span>And caused me to pass by them round about: and, behold, there were very many in the open valley; and, lo, they were very dry. <span class="ver">3</span>And he said unto me, Son of man, can these bones live? And I answered, O Lord GOD, thou knowest. <span class="ver">4</span>Again he said unto me, Prophesy upon these bones, and say unto them, O ye dry bones, hear the word of the LORD. <sM
pan class="ver">5</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD unto these bones; Behold, I will cause breath to enter into you, and ye shall live: <span class="ver">6</span>And I will lay sinews upon you, and will bring up flesh upon you, and cover you with skin, and put breath in you, and ye shall live; and ye shall know that I am the LORD. <span class="ver">7</span>So I prophesied as I was commanded: and as I prophesied, there was a noise, and behold a shaking, and the bones came together, bone to his bone. <span class="ver">8<M
/span>And when I beheld, lo, the sinews and the flesh came up upon them, and the skin covered them above: but there was no breath in them. <span class="ver">9</span>Then said he unto me, Prophesy unto the wind, prophesy, son of man, and say to the wind, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Come from the four winds, O breath, and breathe upon these slain, that they may live. <span class="ver">10</span>So I prophesied as he commanded me, and the breath came into them, and they lived, and stood up upon their feet, an exceeding grM
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Then he said unto me, Son of man, these bones are the whole house of Israel: behold, they say, Our bones are dried, and our hope is lost: we are cut off for our parts. <span class="ver">12</span>Therefore prophesy and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, O my people, I will open your graves, and cause you to come up out of your graves, and bring you into the land of Israel. <span class="ver">13</span>And ye shall know that I am the LORD, when I have opened yM
our graves, O my people, and brought you up out of your graves, <span class="ver">14</span>And shall put my spirit in you, and ye shall live, and I shall place you in your own land: then shall ye know that I the LORD have spoken it, and performed it, saith the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>The word of the LORD came again unto me, saying, <span class="ver">16</span>Moreover, thou son of man, take thee one stick, and write upon it, For Judah, and for the children of Israel his companions: then take anothM
er stick, and write upon it, For Joseph, the stick of Ephraim, and for all the house of Israel his companions: <span class="ver">17</span>And join them one to another into one stick; and they shall become one in thine hand. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And when the children of thy people shall speak unto thee, saying, Wilt thou not shew us what thou meanest by these? <span class="ver">19</span>Say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will take the stick of Joseph, which is in the hand of Ephraim, aM
nd the tribes of Israel his fellows, and will put them with him, even with the stick of Judah, and make them one stick, and they shall be one in mine hand. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And the sticks whereon thou writest shall be in thine hand before their eyes. <span class="ver">21</span>And say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will take the children of Israel from among the heathen, whither they be gone, and will gather them on every side, and bring them into their own land: <span class="ver"M
>22</span>And I will make them one nation in the land upon the mountains of Israel; and one king shall be king to them all: and they shall be no more two nations, neither shall they be divided into two kingdoms any more at all: <span class="ver">23</span>Neither shall they defile themselves any more with their idols, nor with their detestable things, nor with any of their transgressions: but I will save them out of all their dwellingplaces, wherein they have sinned, and will cleanse them: so shall they be my peopleM
, and I will be their God. <span class="ver">24</span>And David my servant shall be king over them; and they all shall have one shepherd: they shall also walk in my judgments, and observe my statutes, and do them. <span class="ver">25</span>And they shall dwell in the land that I have given unto Jacob my servant, wherein your fathers have dwelt; and they shall dwell therein, even they, and their children, and their children
s children for ever: and my servant David shall be their prince for ever. <span class="verM
">26</span>Moreover I will make a covenant of peace with them; it shall be an everlasting covenant with them: and I will place them, and multiply them, and will set my sanctuary in the midst of them for evermore. <span class="ver">27</span>My tabernacle also shall be with them: yea, I will be their God, and they shall be my people. <span class="ver">28</span>And the heathen shall know that I the LORD do sanctify Israel, when my sanctuary shall be in the midst of them for evermore.
<h2 id="c38">Chapter 38</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Son of man, set thy face against Gog, the land of Magog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal, and prophesy against him, <span class="ver">3</span>And say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I am against thee, O Gog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal: <span class="ver">4</span>And I will turn thee back, and put hooks into thy jaws, and I will bring thee forth, and all thine army, horses and horsemen, all of theM
m clothed with all sorts of armour, even a great company with bucklers and shields, all of them handling swords: <span class="ver">5</span>Persia, Ethiopia, and Libya with them; all of them with shield and helmet: <span class="ver">6</span>Gomer, and all his bands; the house of Togarmah of the north quarters, and all his bands: and many people with thee. <span class="ver">7</span>Be thou prepared, and prepare for thyself, thou, and all thy company that are assembled unto thee, and be thou a guard unto them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>After many days thou shalt be visited: in the latter years thou shalt come into the land that is brought back from the sword, and is gathered out of many people, against the mountains of Israel, which have been always waste: but it is brought forth out of the nations, and they shall dwell safely all of them. <span class="ver">9</span>Thou shalt ascend and come like a storm, thou shalt be like a cloud to cover the land, thou, and all thy bands, and many people with thee. <span class="verM
">10</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; It shall also come to pass, that at the same time shall things come into thy mind, and thou shalt think an evil thought: <span class="ver">11</span>And thou shalt say, I will go up to the land of unwalled villages; I will go to them that are at rest, that dwell safely, all of them dwelling without walls, and having neither bars nor gates, <span class="ver">12</span>To take a spoil, and to take a prey; to turn thine hand upon the desolate places that are now inhabited, and upon thM
e people that are gathered out of the nations, which have gotten cattle and goods, that dwell in the midst of the land. <span class="ver">13</span>Sheba, and Dedan, and the merchants of Tarshish, with all the young lions thereof, shall say unto thee, Art thou come to take a spoil? hast thou gathered thy company to take a prey? to carry away silver and gold, to take away cattle and goods, to take a great spoil? </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Therefore, son of man, prophesy and say unto Gog, Thus saith the LordM
GOD; In that day when my people of Israel dwelleth safely, shalt thou not know it? <span class="ver">15</span>And thou shalt come from thy place out of the north parts, thou, and many people with thee, all of them riding upon horses, a great company, and a mighty army: <span class="ver">16</span>And thou shalt come up against my people of Israel, as a cloud to cover the land; it shall be in the latter days, and I will bring thee against my land, that the heathen may know me, when I shall be sanctified in thee, O GM
og, before their eyes. <span class="ver">17</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; Art thou he of whom I have spoken in old time by my servants the prophets of Israel, which prophesied in those days many years that I would bring thee against them? <span class="ver">18</span>And it shall come to pass at the same time when Gog shall come against the land of Israel, saith the Lord GOD, that my fury shall come up in my face. <span class="ver">19</span>For in my jealousy and in the fire of my wrath have I spoken, Surely in thatM
day there shall be a great shaking in the land of Israel; <span class="ver">20</span>So that the fishes of the sea, and the fowls of the heaven, and the beasts of the field, and all creeping things that creep upon the earth, and all the men that are upon the face of the earth, shall shake at my presence, and the mountains shall be thrown down, and the steep places shall fall, and every wall shall fall to the ground. <span class="ver">21</span>And I will call for a sword against him throughout all my mountains, saiM
th the Lord GOD: every man
s sword shall be against his brother. <span class="ver">22</span>And I will plead against him with pestilence and with blood; and I will rain upon him, and upon his bands, and upon the many people that are with him, an overflowing rain, and great hailstones, fire, and brimstone. <span class="ver">23</span>Thus will I magnify myself, and sanctify myself; and I will be known in the eyes of many nations, and they shall know that I am the LORD.
<h2 id="c39">Chapter 39</h2>
ass="ver">1</span>Therefore, thou son of man, prophesy against Gog, and say, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I am against thee, O Gog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal: <span class="ver">2</span>And I will turn thee back, and leave but the sixth part of thee, and will cause thee to come up from the north parts, and will bring thee upon the mountains of Israel: <span class="ver">3</span>And I will smite thy bow out of thy left hand, and will cause thine arrows to fall out of thy right hand. <span class="ver">4M
</span>Thou shalt fall upon the mountains of Israel, thou, and all thy bands, and the people that is with thee: I will give thee unto the ravenous birds of every sort, and to the beasts of the field to be devoured. <span class="ver">5</span>Thou shalt fall upon the open field: for I have spoken it, saith the Lord GOD. <span class="ver">6</span>And I will send a fire on Magog, and among them that dwell carelessly in the isles: and they shall know that I am the LORD. <span class="ver">7</span>So will I make my holy nM
ame known in the midst of my people Israel; and I will not let them pollute my holy name any more: and the heathen shall know that I am the LORD, the Holy One in Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Behold, it is come, and it is done, saith the Lord GOD; this is the day whereof I have spoken. <span class="ver">9</span>And they that dwell in the cities of Israel shall go forth, and shall set on fire and burn the weapons, both the shields and the bucklers, the bows and the arrows, and the handstaves, and the sM
pears, and they shall burn them with fire seven years: <span class="ver">10</span>So that they shall take no wood out of the field, neither cut down any out of the forests; for they shall burn the weapons with fire: and they shall spoil those that spoiled them, and rob those that robbed them, saith the Lord GOD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And it shall come to pass in that day, that I will give unto Gog a place there of graves in Israel, the valley of the passengers on the east of the sea: and it shall stoM
p the noses of the passengers: and there shall they bury Gog and all his multitude: and they shall call it The valley of Hamon-gog. <span class="ver">12</span>And seven months shall the house of Israel be burying of them, that they may cleanse the land. <span class="ver">13</span>Yea, all the people of the land shall bury them; and it shall be to them a renown the day that I shall be glorified, saith the Lord GOD. <span class="ver">14</span>And they shall sever out men of continual employment, passing through the lM
and to bury with the passengers those that remain upon the face of the earth, to cleanse it: after the end of seven months shall they search. <span class="ver">15</span>And the passengers that pass through the land, when any seeth a man
s bone, then shall he set up a sign by it, till the buriers have buried it in the valley of Hamon-gog. <span class="ver">16</span>And also the name of the city shall be Hamonah. Thus shall they cleanse the land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And, thou son of man, thus saithM
the Lord GOD; Speak unto every feathered fowl, and to every beast of the field, Assemble yourselves, and come; gather yourselves on every side to my sacrifice that I do sacrifice for you, even a great sacrifice upon the mountains of Israel, that ye may eat flesh, and drink blood. <span class="ver">18</span>Ye shall eat the flesh of the mighty, and drink the blood of the princes of the earth, of rams, of lambs, and of goats, of bullocks, all of them fatlings of Bashan. <span class="ver">19</span>And ye shall eat faM
t till ye be full, and drink blood till ye be drunken, of my sacrifice which I have sacrificed for you. <span class="ver">20</span>Thus ye shall be filled at my table with horses and chariots, with mighty men, and with all men of war, saith the Lord GOD. <span class="ver">21</span>And I will set my glory among the heathen, and all the heathen shall see my judgment that I have executed, and my hand that I have laid upon them. <span class="ver">22</span>So the house of Israel shall know that I am the LORD their God fM
rom that day and forward. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And the heathen shall know that the house of Israel went into captivity for their iniquity: because they trespassed against me, therefore hid I my face from them, and gave them into the hand of their enemies: so fell they all by the sword. <span class="ver">24</span>According to their uncleanness and according to their transgressions have I done unto them, and hid my face from them. <span class="ver">25</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Now will M
I bring again the captivity of Jacob, and have mercy upon the whole house of Israel, and will be jealous for my holy name; <span class="ver">26</span>After that they have borne their shame, and all their trespasses whereby they have trespassed against me, when they dwelt safely in their land, and none made them afraid. <span class="ver">27</span>When I have brought them again from the people, and gathered them out of their enemies
lands, and am sanctified in them in the sight of many nations; <span class="ver">2M
8</span>Then shall they know that I am the LORD their God, which caused them to be led into captivity among the heathen: but I have gathered them unto their own land, and have left none of them any more there. <span class="ver">29</span>Neither will I hide my face any more from them: for I have poured out my spirit upon the house of Israel, saith the Lord GOD.
<h2 id="c40">Chapter 40</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In the five and twentieth year of our captivity, in the beginning of the year, in the tenth dM
ay of the month, in the fourteenth year after that the city was smitten, in the selfsame day the hand of the LORD was upon me, and brought me thither. <span class="ver">2</span>In the visions of God brought he me into the land of Israel, and set me upon a very high mountain, by which was as the frame of a city on the south. <span class="ver">3</span>And he brought me thither, and, behold, there was a man, whose appearance was like the appearance of brass, with a line of flax in his hand, and a measuring reed; and hM
e stood in the gate. <span class="ver">4</span>And the man said unto me, Son of man, behold with thine eyes, and hear with thine ears, and set thine heart upon all that I shall shew thee; for to the intent that I might shew them unto thee art thou brought hither: declare all that thou seest to the house of Israel. <span class="ver">5</span>And behold a wall on the outside of the house round about, and in the man
s hand a measuring reed of six cubits long by the cubit and an hand breadth: so he measured the breadtM
h of the building, one reed; and the height, one reed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Then came he unto the gate which looketh toward the east, and went up the stairs thereof, and measured the threshold of the gate, which was one reed broad; and the other threshold of the gate, which was one reed broad. <span class="ver">7</span>And every little chamber was one reed long, and one reed broad; and between the little chambers were five cubits; and the threshold of the gate by the porch of the gate within was one M
reed. <span class="ver">8</span>He measured also the porch of the gate within, one reed. <span class="ver">9</span>Then measured he the porch of the gate, eight cubits; and the posts thereof, two cubits; and the porch of the gate was inward. <span class="ver">10</span>And the little chambers of the gate eastward were three on this side, and three on that side; they three were of one measure: and the posts had one measure on this side and on that side. <span class="ver">11</span>And he measured the breadth of the enM
try of the gate, ten cubits; and the length of the gate, thirteen cubits. <span class="ver">12</span>The space also before the little chambers was one cubit on this side, and the space was one cubit on that side: and the little chambers were six cubits on this side, and six cubits on that side. <span class="ver">13</span>He measured then the gate from the roof of one little chamber to the roof of another: the breadth was five and twenty cubits, door against door. <span class="ver">14</span>He made also posts of thrM
eescore cubits, even unto the post of the court round about the gate. <span class="ver">15</span>And from the face of the gate of the entrance unto the face of the porch of the inner gate were fifty cubits. <span class="ver">16</span>And there were narrow windows to the little chambers, and to their posts within the gate round about, and likewise to the arches: and windows were round about inward: and upon each post were palm trees. <span class="ver">17</span>Then brought he me into the outward court, and, lo, therM
e were chambers, and a pavement made for the court round about: thirty chambers were upon the pavement. <span class="ver">18</span>And the pavement by the side of the gates over against the length of the gates was the lower pavement. <span class="ver">19</span>Then he measured the breadth from the forefront of the lower gate unto the forefront of the inner court without, an hundred cubits eastward and northward. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And the gate of the outward court that looked toward the north, he M
measured the length thereof, and the breadth thereof. <span class="ver">21</span>And the little chambers thereof were three on this side and three on that side; and the posts thereof and the arches thereof were after the measure of the first gate: the length thereof was fifty cubits, and the breadth five and twenty cubits. <span class="ver">22</span>And their windows, and their arches, and their palm trees, were after the measure of the gate that looketh toward the east; and they went up unto it by seven steps; andM
the arches thereof were before them. <span class="ver">23</span>And the gate of the inner court was over against the gate toward the north, and toward the east; and he measured from gate to gate an hundred cubits. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>After that he brought me toward the south, and behold a gate toward the south: and he measured the posts thereof and the arches thereof according to these measures. <span class="ver">25</span>And there were windows in it and in the arches thereof round about, like thoM
se windows: the length was fifty cubits, and the breadth five and twenty cubits. <span class="ver">26</span>And there were seven steps to go up to it, and the arches thereof were before them: and it had palm trees, one on this side, and another on that side, upon the posts thereof. <span class="ver">27</span>And there was a gate in the inner court toward the south: and he measured from gate to gate toward the south an hundred cubits. <span class="ver">28</span>And he brought me to the inner court by the south gate:M
and he measured the south gate according to these measures; <span class="ver">29</span>And the little chambers thereof, and the posts thereof, and the arches thereof, according to these measures: and there were windows in it and in the arches thereof round about: it was fifty cubits long, and five and twenty cubits broad. <span class="ver">30</span>And the arches round about were five and twenty cubits long, and five cubits broad. <span class="ver">31</span>And the arches thereof were toward the utter court; and pM
alm trees were upon the posts thereof: and the going up to it had eight steps. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>And he brought me into the inner court toward the east: and he measured the gate according to these measures. <span class="ver">33</span>And the little chambers thereof, and the posts thereof, and the arches thereof, were according to these measures: and there were windows therein and in the arches thereof round about: it was fifty cubits long, and five and twenty cubits broad. <span class="ver">34</sM
pan>And the arches thereof were toward the outward court; and palm trees were upon the posts thereof, on this side, and on that side: and the going up to it had eight steps. </p>
<p><span class="ver">35</span>And he brought me to the north gate, and measured it according to these measures; <span class="ver">36</span>The little chambers thereof, the posts thereof, and the arches thereof, and the windows to it round about: the length was fifty cubits, and the breadth five and twenty cubits. <span class="ver">37</spM
an>And the posts thereof were toward the utter court; and palm trees were upon the posts thereof, on this side, and on that side: and the going up to it had eight steps. <span class="ver">38</span>And the chambers and the entries thereof were by the posts of the gates, where they washed the burnt offering. </p>
<p><span class="ver">39</span>And in the porch of the gate were two tables on this side, and two tables on that side, to slay thereon the burnt offering and the sin offering and the trespass offering. <spaM
n class="ver">40</span>And at the side without, as one goeth up to the entry of the north gate, were two tables; and on the other side, which was at the porch of the gate, were two tables. <span class="ver">41</span>Four tables were on this side, and four tables on that side, by the side of the gate; eight tables, whereupon they slew their sacrifices. <span class="ver">42</span>And the four tables were of hewn stone for the burnt offering, of a cubit and an half long, and a cubit and an half broad, and one cubit hiM
gh: whereupon also they laid the instruments wherewith they slew the burnt offering and the sacrifice. <span class="ver">43</span>And within were hooks, an hand broad, fastened round about: and upon the tables was the flesh of the offering. </p>
<p><span class="ver">44</span>And without the inner gate were the chambers of the singers in the inner court, which was at the side of the north gate; and their prospect was toward the south: one at the side of the east gate having the prospect toward the north. <span claM
ss="ver">45</span>And he said unto me, This chamber, whose prospect is toward the south, is for the priests, the keepers of the charge of the house. <span class="ver">46</span>And the chamber whose prospect is toward the north is for the priests, the keepers of the charge of the altar: these are the sons of Zadok among the sons of Levi, which come near to the LORD to minister unto him. <span class="ver">47</span>So he measured the court, an hundred cubits long, and an hundred cubits broad, foursquare; and the altarM
that was before the house. </p>
<p><span class="ver">48</span>And he brought me to the porch of the house, and measured each post of the porch, five cubits on this side, and five cubits on that side: and the breadth of the gate was three cubits on this side, and three cubits on that side. <span class="ver">49</span>The length of the porch was twenty cubits, and the breadth eleven cubits; and he brought me by the steps whereby they went up to it: and there were pillars by the posts, one on this side, and another M
<h2 id="c41">Chapter 41</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Afterward he brought me to the temple, and measured the posts, six cubits broad on the one side, and six cubits broad on the other side, which was the breadth of the tabernacle. <span class="ver">2</span>And the breadth of the door was ten cubits; and the sides of the door were five cubits on the one side, and five cubits on the other side: and he measured the length thereof, forty cubits: and the breadth, twenty cubits. <span class="ver"M
>3</span>Then went he inward, and measured the post of the door, two cubits; and the door, six cubits; and the breadth of the door, seven cubits. <span class="ver">4</span>So he measured the length thereof, twenty cubits; and the breadth, twenty cubits, before the temple: and he said unto me, This is the most holy place. <span class="ver">5</span>After he measured the wall of the house, six cubits; and the breadth of every side chamber, four cubits, round about the house on every side. <span class="ver">6</span>AndM
the side chambers were three, one over another, and thirty in order; and they entered into the wall which was of the house for the side chambers round about, that they might have hold, but they had not hold in the wall of the house. <span class="ver">7</span>And there was an enlarging, and a winding about still upward to the side chambers: for the winding about of the house went still upward round about the house: therefore the breadth of the house was still upward, and so increased from the lowest chamber to the M
highest by the midst. <span class="ver">8</span>I saw also the height of the house round about: the foundations of the side chambers were a full reed of six great cubits. <span class="ver">9</span>The thickness of the wall, which was for the side chamber without, was five cubits: and that which was left was the place of the side chambers that were within. <span class="ver">10</span>And between the chambers was the wideness of twenty cubits round about the house on every side. <span class="ver">11</span>And the doorM
s of the side chambers were toward the place that was left, one door toward the north, and another door toward the south: and the breadth of the place that was left was five cubits round about. <span class="ver">12</span>Now the building that was before the separate place at the end toward the west was seventy cubits broad; and the wall of the building was five cubits thick round about, and the length thereof ninety cubits. <span class="ver">13</span>So he measured the house, an hundred cubits long; and the separatM
e place, and the building, with the walls thereof, an hundred cubits long; <span class="ver">14</span>Also the breadth of the face of the house, and of the separate place toward the east, an hundred cubits. <span class="ver">15</span>And he measured the length of the building over against the separate place which was behind it, and the galleries thereof on the one side and on the other side, an hundred cubits, with the inner temple, and the porches of the court; <span class="ver">16</span>The door posts, and the naM
rrow windows, and the galleries round about on their three stories, over against the door, cieled with wood round about, and from the ground up to the windows, and the windows were covered; <span class="ver">17</span>To that above the door, even unto the inner house, and without, and by all the wall round about within and without, by measure. <span class="ver">18</span>And it was made with cherubims and palm trees, so that a palm tree was between a cherub and a cherub; and every cherub had two faces; <span class="vM
er">19</span>So that the face of a man was toward the palm tree on the one side, and the face of a young lion toward the palm tree on the other side: it was made through all the house round about. <span class="ver">20</span>From the ground unto above the door were cherubims and palm trees made, and on the wall of the temple. <span class="ver">21</span>The posts of the temple were squared, and the face of the sanctuary; the appearance of the one as the appearance of the other. <span class="ver">22</span>The altar ofM
wood was three cubits high, and the length thereof two cubits; and the corners thereof, and the length thereof, and the walls thereof, were of wood: and he said unto me, This is the table that is before the LORD. <span class="ver">23</span>And the temple and the sanctuary had two doors. <span class="ver">24</span>And the doors had two leaves apiece, two turning leaves; two leaves for the one door, and two leaves for the other door. <span class="ver">25</span>And there were made on them, on the doors of the temple,M
cherubims and palm trees, like as were made upon the walls; and there were thick planks upon the face of the porch without. <span class="ver">26</span>And there were narrow windows and palm trees on the one side and on the other side, on the sides of the porch, and upon the side chambers of the house, and thick planks.
<h2 id="c42">Chapter 42</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then he brought me forth into the utter court, the way toward the north: and he brought me into the chamber that was over against the M
separate place, and which was before the building toward the north. <span class="ver">2</span>Before the length of an hundred cubits was the north door, and the breadth was fifty cubits. <span class="ver">3</span>Over against the twenty cubits which were for the inner court, and over against the pavement which was for the utter court, was gallery against gallery in three stories. <span class="ver">4</span>And before the chambers was a walk of ten cubits breadth inward, a way of one cubit; and their doors toward theM
north. <span class="ver">5</span>Now the upper chambers were shorter: for the galleries were higher than these, than the lower, and than the middlemost of the building. <span class="ver">6</span>For they were in three stories, but had not pillars as the pillars of the courts: therefore the building was straitened more than the lowest and the middlemost from the ground. <span class="ver">7</span>And the wall that was without over against the chambers, toward the utter court on the forepart of the chambers, the lengM
th thereof was fifty cubits. <span class="ver">8</span>For the length of the chambers that were in the utter court was fifty cubits: and, lo, before the temple were an hundred cubits. <span class="ver">9</span>And from under these chambers was the entry on the east side, as one goeth into them from the utter court. <span class="ver">10</span>The chambers were in the thickness of the wall of the court toward the east, over against the separate place, and over against the building. <span class="ver">11</span>And the M
way before them was like the appearance of the chambers which were toward the north, as long as they, and as broad as they: and all their goings out were both according to their fashions, and according to their doors. <span class="ver">12</span>And according to the doors of the chambers that were toward the south was a door in the head of the way, even the way directly before the wall toward the east, as one entereth into them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Then said he unto me, The north chambers and the soM
uth chambers, which are before the separate place, they be holy chambers, where the priests that approach unto the LORD shall eat the most holy things: there shall they lay the most holy things, and the meat offering, and the sin offering, and the trespass offering; for the place is holy. <span class="ver">14</span>When the priests enter therein, then shall they not go out of the holy place into the utter court, but there they shall lay their garments wherein they minister; for they are holy; and shall put on otherM
garments, and shall approach to those things which are for the people. <span class="ver">15</span>Now when he had made an end of measuring the inner house, he brought me forth toward the gate whose prospect is toward the east, and measured it round about. <span class="ver">16</span>He measured the east side with the measuring reed, five hundred reeds, with the measuring reed round about. <span class="ver">17</span>He measured the north side, five hundred reeds, with the measuring reed round about. <span class="verM
">18</span>He measured the south side, five hundred reeds, with the measuring reed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>He turned about to the west side, and measured five hundred reeds with the measuring reed. <span class="ver">20</span>He measured it by the four sides: it had a wall round about, five hundred reeds long, and five hundred broad, to make a separation between the sanctuary and the profane place.
<h2 id="c43">Chapter 43</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Afterward he brought me to the gate, evenM
the gate that looketh toward the east: <span class="ver">2</span>And, behold, the glory of the God of Israel came from the way of the east: and his voice was like a noise of many waters: and the earth shined with his glory. <span class="ver">3</span>And it was according to the appearance of the vision which I saw, even according to the vision that I saw when I came to destroy the city: and the visions were like the vision that I saw by the river Chebar; and I fell upon my face. <span class="ver">4</span>And the glM
ory of the LORD came into the house by the way of the gate whose prospect is toward the east. <span class="ver">5</span>So the spirit took me up, and brought me into the inner court; and, behold, the glory of the LORD filled the house. <span class="ver">6</span>And I heard him speaking unto me out of the house; and the man stood by me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And he said unto me, Son of man, the place of my throne, and the place of the soles of my feet, where I will dwell in the midst of the children ofM
Israel for ever, and my holy name, shall the house of Israel no more defile, neither they, nor their kings, by their whoredom, nor by the carcases of their kings in their high places. <span class="ver">8</span>In their setting of their threshold by my thresholds, and their post by my posts, and the wall between me and them, they have even defiled my holy name by their abominations that they have committed: wherefore I have consumed them in mine anger. <span class="ver">9</span>Now let them put away their whoredom,M
and the carcases of their kings, far from me, and I will dwell in the midst of them for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Thou son of man, shew the house to the house of Israel, that they may be ashamed of their iniquities: and let them measure the pattern. <span class="ver">11</span>And if they be ashamed of all that they have done, shew them the form of the house, and the fashion thereof, and the goings out thereof, and the comings in thereof, and all the forms thereof, and all the ordinances thereof, aM
nd all the forms thereof, and all the laws thereof: and write it in their sight, that they may keep the whole form thereof, and all the ordinances thereof, and do them. <span class="ver">12</span>This is the law of the house; Upon the top of the mountain the whole limit thereof round about shall be most holy. Behold, this is the law of the house. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And these are the measures of the altar after the cubits: The cubit is a cubit and an hand breadth; even the bottom shall be a cubit, M
and the breadth a cubit, and the border thereof by the edge thereof round about shall be a span: and this shall be the higher place of the altar. <span class="ver">14</span>And from the bottom upon the ground even to the lower settle shall be two cubits, and the breadth one cubit; and from the lesser settle even to the greater settle shall be four cubits, and the breadth one cubit. <span class="ver">15</span>So the altar shall be four cubits; and from the altar and upward shall be four horns. <span class="ver">16</M
span>And the altar shall be twelve cubits long, twelve broad, square in the four squares thereof. <span class="ver">17</span>And the settle shall be fourteen cubits long and fourteen broad in the four squares thereof; and the border about it shall be half a cubit; and the bottom thereof shall be a cubit about; and his stairs shall look toward the east. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And he said unto me, Son of man, thus saith the Lord GOD; These are the ordinances of the altar in the day when they shall make M
it, to offer burnt offerings thereon, and to sprinkle blood thereon. <span class="ver">19</span>And thou shalt give to the priests the Levites that be of the seed of Zadok, which approach unto me, to minister unto me, saith the Lord GOD, a young bullock for a sin offering. <span class="ver">20</span>And thou shalt take of the blood thereof, and put it on the four horns of it, and on the four corners of the settle, and upon the border round about: thus shalt thou cleanse and purge it. <span class="ver">21</span>ThouM
shalt take the bullock also of the sin offering, and he shall burn it in the appointed place of the house, without the sanctuary. <span class="ver">22</span>And on the second day thou shalt offer a kid of the goats without blemish for a sin offering; and they shall cleanse the altar, as they did cleanse it with the bullock. <span class="ver">23</span>When thou hast made an end of cleansing it, thou shalt offer a young bullock without blemish, and a ram out of the flock without blemish. <span class="ver">24</span>AM
nd thou shalt offer them before the LORD, and the priests shall cast salt upon them, and they shall offer them up for a burnt offering unto the LORD. <span class="ver">25</span>Seven days shalt thou prepare every day a goat for a sin offering: they shall also prepare a young bullock, and a ram out of the flock, without blemish. <span class="ver">26</span>Seven days shall they purge the altar and purify it; and they shall consecrate themselves. <span class="ver">27</span>And when these days are expired, it shall be,M
that upon the eighth day, and so forward, the priests shall make your burnt offerings upon the altar, and your peace offerings; and I will accept you, saith the Lord GOD.
<h2 id="c44">Chapter 44</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then he brought me back the way of the gate of the outward sanctuary which looketh toward the east; and it was shut. <span class="ver">2</span>Then said the LORD unto me; This gate shall be shut, it shall not be opened, and no man shall enter in by it; because the LORD, the God of IsM
rael, hath entered in by it, therefore it shall be shut. <span class="ver">3</span>It is for the prince; the prince, he shall sit in it to eat bread before the LORD; he shall enter by the way of the porch of that gate, and shall go out by the way of the same. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Then brought he me the way of the north gate before the house: and I looked, and, behold, the glory of the LORD filled the house of the LORD: and I fell upon my face. <span class="ver">5</span>And the LORD said unto me, Son M
of man, mark well, and behold with thine eyes, and hear with thine ears all that I say unto thee concerning all the ordinances of the house of the LORD, and all the laws thereof; and mark well the entering in of the house, with every going forth of the sanctuary. <span class="ver">6</span>And thou shalt say to the rebellious, even to the house of Israel, Thus saith the Lord GOD; O ye house of Israel, let it suffice you of all your abominations, <span class="ver">7</span>In that ye have brought into my sanctuary strM
angers, uncircumcised in heart, and uncircumcised in flesh, to be in my sanctuary, to pollute it, even my house, when ye offer my bread, the fat and the blood, and they have broken my covenant because of all your abominations. <span class="ver">8</span>And ye have not kept the charge of mine holy things: but ye have set keepers of my charge in my sanctuary for yourselves. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; No stranger, uncircumcised in heart, nor uncircumcised in flesh, shall enter into myM
sanctuary, of any stranger that is among the children of Israel. <span class="ver">10</span>And the Levites that are gone away far from me, when Israel went astray, which went astray away from me after their idols; they shall even bear their iniquity. <span class="ver">11</span>Yet they shall be ministers in my sanctuary, having charge at the gates of the house, and ministering to the house: they shall slay the burnt offering and the sacrifice for the people, and they shall stand before them to minister unto them.M
<span class="ver">12</span>Because they ministered unto them before their idols, and caused the house of Israel to fall into iniquity; therefore have I lifted up mine hand against them, saith the Lord GOD, and they shall bear their iniquity. <span class="ver">13</span>And they shall not come near unto me, to do the office of a priest unto me, nor to come near to any of my holy things, in the most holy place: but they shall bear their shame, and their abominations which they have committed. <span class="ver">14</spM
an>But I will make them keepers of the charge of the house, for all the service thereof, and for all that shall be done therein. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>But the priests the Levites, the sons of Zadok, that kept the charge of my sanctuary when the children of Israel went astray from me, they shall come near to me to minister unto me, and they shall stand before me to offer unto me the fat and the blood, saith the Lord GOD: <span class="ver">16</span>They shall enter into my sanctuary, and they shall comM
e near to my table, to minister unto me, and they shall keep my charge. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And it shall come to pass, that when they enter in at the gates of the inner court, they shall be clothed with linen garments; and no wool shall come upon them, whiles they minister in the gates of the inner court, and within. <span class="ver">18</span>They shall have linen bonnets upon their heads, and shall have linen breeches upon their loins; they shall not gird themselves with any thing that causeth swM
eat. <span class="ver">19</span>And when they go forth into the utter court, even into the utter court to the people, they shall put off their garments wherein they ministered, and lay them in the holy chambers, and they shall put on other garments; and they shall not sanctify the people with their garments. <span class="ver">20</span>Neither shall they shave their heads, nor suffer their locks to grow long; they shall only poll their heads. <span class="ver">21</span>Neither shall any priest drink wine, when they M
enter into the inner court. <span class="ver">22</span>Neither shall they take for their wives a widow, nor her that is put away: but they shall take maidens of the seed of the house of Israel, or a widow that had a priest before. <span class="ver">23</span>And they shall teach my people the difference between the holy and profane, and cause them to discern between the unclean and the clean. <span class="ver">24</span>And in controversy they shall stand in judgment; and they shall judge it according to my judgmentsM
: and they shall keep my laws and my statutes in all mine assemblies; and they shall hallow my sabbaths. <span class="ver">25</span>And they shall come at no dead person to defile themselves: but for father, or for mother, or for son, or for daughter, for brother, or for sister that hath had no husband, they may defile themselves. <span class="ver">26</span>And after he is cleansed, they shall reckon unto him seven days. <span class="ver">27</span>And in the day that he goeth into the sanctuary, unto the inner courM
t, to minister in the sanctuary, he shall offer his sin offering, saith the Lord GOD. <span class="ver">28</span>And it shall be unto them for an inheritance: I am their inheritance: and ye shall give them no possession in Israel: I am their possession. <span class="ver">29</span>They shall eat the meat offering, and the sin offering, and the trespass offering; and every dedicated thing in Israel shall be theirs. <span class="ver">30</span>And the first of all the firstfruits of all things, and every oblation of alM
l, of every sort of your oblations, shall be the priest
s: ye shall also give unto the priest the first of your dough, that he may cause the blessing to rest in thine house. <span class="ver">31</span>The priests shall not eat of any thing that is dead of itself, or torn, whether it be fowl or beast.
<h2 id="c45">Chapter 45</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Moreover, when ye shall divide by lot the land for inheritance, ye shall offer an oblation unto the LORD, an holy portion of the land: the length shall M
be the length of five and twenty thousand reeds, and the breadth shall be ten thousand. This shall be holy in all the borders thereof round about. <span class="ver">2</span>Of this there shall be for the sanctuary five hundred in length, with five hundred in breadth, square round about; and fifty cubits round about for the suburbs thereof. <span class="ver">3</span>And of this measure shalt thou measure the length of five and twenty thousand, and the breadth of ten thousand: and in it shall be the sanctuary and theM
most holy place. <span class="ver">4</span>The holy portion of the land shall be for the priests the ministers of the sanctuary, which shall come near to minister unto the LORD: and it shall be a place for their houses, and an holy place for the sanctuary. <span class="ver">5</span>And the five and twenty thousand of length, and the ten thousand of breadth, shall also the Levites, the ministers of the house, have for themselves, for a possession for twenty chambers. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And ye shallM
appoint the possession of the city five thousand broad, and five and twenty thousand long, over against the oblation of the holy portion: it shall be for the whole house of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And a portion shall be for the prince on the one side and on the other side of the oblation of the holy portion, and of the possession of the city, before the oblation of the holy portion, and before the possession of the city, from the west side westward, and from the east side eastward: and the lengM
th shall be over against one of the portions, from the west border unto the east border. <span class="ver">8</span>In the land shall be his possession in Israel: and my princes shall no more oppress my people; and the rest of the land shall they give to the house of Israel according to their tribes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; Let it suffice you, O princes of Israel: remove violence and spoil, and execute judgment and justice, take away your exactions from my people, saith the Lord M
GOD. <span class="ver">10</span>Ye shall have just balances, and a just ephah, and a just bath. <span class="ver">11</span>The ephah and the bath shall be of one measure, that the bath may contain the tenth part of an homer, and the ephah the tenth part of an homer: the measure thereof shall be after the homer. <span class="ver">12</span>And the shekel shall be twenty gerahs: twenty shekels, five and twenty shekels, fifteen shekels, shall be your maneh. <span class="ver">13</span>This is the oblation that ye shall M
offer; the sixth part of an ephah of an homer of wheat, and ye shall give the sixth part of an ephah of an homer of barley: <span class="ver">14</span>Concerning the ordinance of oil, the bath of oil, ye shall offer the tenth part of a bath out of the cor, which is an homer of ten baths; for ten baths are an homer: <span class="ver">15</span>And one lamb out of the flock, out of two hundred, out of the fat pastures of Israel; for a meat offering, and for a burnt offering, and for peace offerings, to make reconciliaM
tion for them, saith the Lord GOD. <span class="ver">16</span>All the people of the land shall give this oblation for the prince in Israel. <span class="ver">17</span>And it shall be the prince
s part to give burnt offerings, and meat offerings, and drink offerings, in the feasts, and in the new moons, and in the sabbaths, in all solemnities of the house of Israel: he shall prepare the sin offering, and the meat offering, and the burnt offering, and the peace offerings, to make reconciliation for the house of IsrM
ael. <span class="ver">18</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; In the first month, in the first day of the month, thou shalt take a young bullock without blemish, and cleanse the sanctuary: <span class="ver">19</span>And the priest shall take of the blood of the sin offering, and put it upon the posts of the house, and upon the four corners of the settle of the altar, and upon the posts of the gate of the inner court. <span class="ver">20</span>And so thou shalt do the seventh day of the month for every one that erreth, M
and for him that is simple: so shall ye reconcile the house. <span class="ver">21</span>In the first month, in the fourteenth day of the month, ye shall have the passover, a feast of seven days; unleavened bread shall be eaten. <span class="ver">22</span>And upon that day shall the prince prepare for himself and for all the people of the land a bullock for a sin offering. <span class="ver">23</span>And seven days of the feast he shall prepare a burnt offering to the LORD, seven bullocks and seven rams without blemiM
sh daily the seven days; and a kid of the goats daily for a sin offering. <span class="ver">24</span>And he shall prepare a meat offering of an ephah for a bullock, and an ephah for a ram, and an hin of oil for an ephah. <span class="ver">25</span>In the seventh month, in the fifteenth day of the month, shall he do the like in the feast of the seven days, according to the sin offering, according to the burnt offering, and according to the meat offering, and according to the oil.
<h2 id="c46">Chapter 46</h2>
p><span class="ver">1</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; The gate of the inner court that looketh toward the east shall be shut the six working days; but on the sabbath it shall be opened, and in the day of the new moon it shall be opened. <span class="ver">2</span>And the prince shall enter by the way of the porch of that gate without, and shall stand by the post of the gate, and the priests shall prepare his burnt offering and his peace offerings, and he shall worship at the threshold of the gate: then he shall go foM
rth; but the gate shall not be shut until the evening. <span class="ver">3</span>Likewise the people of the land shall worship at the door of this gate before the LORD in the sabbaths and in the new moons. <span class="ver">4</span>And the burnt offering that the prince shall offer unto the LORD in the sabbath day shall be six lambs without blemish, and a ram without blemish. <span class="ver">5</span>And the meat offering shall be an ephah for a ram, and the meat offering for the lambs as he shall be able to give,M
and an hin of oil to an ephah. <span class="ver">6</span>And in the day of the new moon it shall be a young bullock without blemish, and six lambs, and a ram: they shall be without blemish. <span class="ver">7</span>And he shall prepare a meat offering, an ephah for a bullock, and an ephah for a ram, and for the lambs according as his hand shall attain unto, and an hin of oil to an ephah. <span class="ver">8</span>And when the prince shall enter, he shall go in by the way of the porch of that gate, and he shall goM
forth by the way thereof. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>But when the people of the land shall come before the LORD in the solemn feasts, he that entereth in by the way of the north gate to worship shall go out by the way of the south gate; and he that entereth by the way of the south gate shall go forth by the way of the north gate: he shall not return by the way of the gate whereby he came in, but shall go forth over against it. <span class="ver">10</span>And the prince in the midst of them, when they go inM
, shall go in; and when they go forth, shall go forth. <span class="ver">11</span>And in the feasts and in the solemnities the meat offering shall be an ephah to a bullock, and an ephah to a ram, and to the lambs as he is able to give, and an hin of oil to an ephah. <span class="ver">12</span>Now when the prince shall prepare a voluntary burnt offering or peace offerings voluntarily unto the LORD, one shall then open him the gate that looketh toward the east, and he shall prepare his burnt offering and his peace ofM
ferings, as he did on the sabbath day: then he shall go forth; and after his going forth one shall shut the gate. <span class="ver">13</span>Thou shalt daily prepare a burnt offering unto the LORD of a lamb of the first year without blemish: thou shalt prepare it every morning. <span class="ver">14</span>And thou shalt prepare a meat offering for it every morning, the sixth part of an ephah, and the third part of an hin of oil, to temper with the fine flour; a meat offering continually by a perpetual ordinance untoM
the LORD. <span class="ver">15</span>Thus shall they prepare the lamb, and the meat offering, and the oil, every morning for a continual burnt offering. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; If the prince give a gift unto any of his sons, the inheritance thereof shall be his sons
; it shall be their possession by inheritance. <span class="ver">17</span>But if he give a gift of his inheritance to one of his servants, then it shall be his to the year of liberty; after it shall return to theM
prince: but his inheritance shall be his sons
for them. <span class="ver">18</span>Moreover the prince shall not take of the people
s inheritance by oppression, to thrust them out of their possession; but he shall give his sons inheritance out of his own possession: that my people be not scattered every man from his possession. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>After he brought me through the entry, which was at the side of the gate, into the holy chambers of the priests, which looked toward the north: andM
, behold, there was a place on the two sides westward. <span class="ver">20</span>Then said he unto me, This is the place where the priests shall boil the trespass offering and the sin offering, where they shall bake the meat offering; that they bear them not out into the utter court, to sanctify the people. <span class="ver">21</span>Then he brought me forth into the utter court, and caused me to pass by the four corners of the court; and, behold, in every corner of the court there was a court. <span class="ver">2M
2</span>In the four corners of the court there were courts joined of forty cubits long and thirty broad: these four corners were of one measure. <span class="ver">23</span>And there was a row of building round about in them, round about them four, and it was made with boiling places under the rows round about. <span class="ver">24</span>Then said he unto me, These are the places of them that boil, where the ministers of the house shall boil the sacrifice of the people.
<h2 id="c47">Chapter 47</h2>
ass="ver">1</span>Afterward he brought me again unto the door of the house; and, behold, waters issued out from under the threshold of the house eastward: for the forefront of the house stood toward the east, and the waters came down from under from the right side of the house, at the south side of the altar. <span class="ver">2</span>Then brought he me out of the way of the gate northward, and led me about the way without unto the utter gate by the way that looketh eastward; and, behold, there ran out waters on thM
e right side. <span class="ver">3</span>And when the man that had the line in his hand went forth eastward, he measured a thousand cubits, and he brought me through the waters; the waters were to the ankles. <span class="ver">4</span>Again he measured a thousand, and brought me through the waters; the waters were to the knees. Again he measured a thousand, and brought me through; the waters were to the loins. <span class="ver">5</span>Afterward he measured a thousand; and it was a river that I could not pass over: M
for the waters were risen, waters to swim in, a river that could not be passed over. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And he said unto me, Son of man, hast thou seen this? Then he brought me, and caused me to return to the brink of the river. <span class="ver">7</span>Now when I had returned, behold, at the bank of the river were very many trees on the one side and on the other. <span class="ver">8</span>Then said he unto me, These waters issue out toward the east country, and go down into the desert, and go intM
o the sea: which being brought forth into the sea, the waters shall be healed. <span class="ver">9</span>And it shall come to pass, that every thing that liveth, which moveth, whithersoever the rivers shall come, shall live: and there shall be a very great multitude of fish, because these waters shall come thither: for they shall be healed; and every thing shall live whither the river cometh. <span class="ver">10</span>And it shall come to pass, that the fishers shall stand upon it from En-gedi even unto En-eglaim;M
they shall be a place to spread forth nets; their fish shall be according to their kinds, as the fish of the great sea, exceeding many. <span class="ver">11</span>But the miry places thereof and the marishes thereof shall not be healed; they shall be given to salt. <span class="ver">12</span>And by the river upon the bank thereof, on this side and on that side, shall grow all trees for meat, whose leaf shall not fade, neither shall the fruit thereof be consumed: it shall bring forth new fruit according to his montM
hs, because their waters they issued out of the sanctuary: and the fruit thereof shall be for meat, and the leaf thereof for medicine. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD; This shall be the border, whereby ye shall inherit the land according to the twelve tribes of Israel: Joseph shall have two portions. <span class="ver">14</span>And ye shall inherit it, one as well as another: concerning the which I lifted up mine hand to give it unto your fathers: and this land shall fall unto you for inM
heritance. <span class="ver">15</span>And this shall be the border of the land toward the north side, from the great sea, the way of Hethlon, as men go to Zedad; <span class="ver">16</span>Hamath, Berothah, Sibraim, which is between the border of Damascus and the border of Hamath; Hazar-hatticon, which is by the coast of Hauran. <span class="ver">17</span>And the border from the sea shall be Hazar-enan, the border of Damascus, and the north northward, and the border of Hamath. And this is the north side. <span clasM
s="ver">18</span>And the east side ye shall measure from Hauran, and from Damascus, and from Gilead, and from the land of Israel by Jordan, from the border unto the east sea. And this is the east side. <span class="ver">19</span>And the south side southward, from Tamar even to the waters of strife in Kadesh, the river to the great sea. And this is the south side southward. <span class="ver">20</span>The west side also shall be the great sea from the border, till a man come over against Hamath. This is the west sideM
. <span class="ver">21</span>So shall ye divide this land unto you according to the tribes of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And it shall come to pass, that ye shall divide it by lot for an inheritance unto you, and to the strangers that sojourn among you, which shall beget children among you: and they shall be unto you as born in the country among the children of Israel; they shall have inheritance with you among the tribes of Israel. <span class="ver">23</span>And it shall come to pass, that in whatM
tribe the stranger sojourneth, there shall ye give him his inheritance, saith the Lord GOD.
<h2 id="c48">Chapter 48</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now these are the names of the tribes. From the north end to the coast of the way of Hethlon, as one goeth to Hamath, Hazar-enan, the border of Damascus northward, to the coast of Hamath; for these are his sides east and west; a portion for Dan. <span class="ver">2</span>And by the border of Dan, from the east side unto the west side, a portion for Asher. <spanM
class="ver">3</span>And by the border of Asher, from the east side even unto the west side, a portion for Naphtali. <span class="ver">4</span>And by the border of Naphtali, from the east side unto the west side, a portion for Manasseh. <span class="ver">5</span>And by the border of Manasseh, from the east side unto the west side, a portion for Ephraim. <span class="ver">6</span>And by the border of Ephraim, from the east side even unto the west side, a portion for Reuben. <span class="ver">7</span>And by the bordeM
r of Reuben, from the east side unto the west side, a portion for Judah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And by the border of Judah, from the east side unto the west side, shall be the offering which ye shall offer of five and twenty thousand reeds in breadth, and in length as one of the other parts, from the east side unto the west side: and the sanctuary shall be in the midst of it. <span class="ver">9</span>The oblation that ye shall offer unto the LORD shall be of five and twenty thousand in length, and of M
ten thousand in breadth. <span class="ver">10</span>And for them, even for the priests, shall be this holy oblation; toward the north five and twenty thousand in length, and toward the west ten thousand in breadth, and toward the east ten thousand in breadth, and toward the south five and twenty thousand in length: and the sanctuary of the LORD shall be in the midst thereof. <span class="ver">11</span>It shall be for the priests that are sanctified of the sons of Zadok; which have kept my charge, which went not astM
ray when the children of Israel went astray, as the Levites went astray. <span class="ver">12</span>And this oblation of the land that is offered shall be unto them a thing most holy by the border of the Levites. <span class="ver">13</span>And over against the border of the priests the Levites shall have five and twenty thousand in length, and ten thousand in breadth: all the length shall be five and twenty thousand, and the breadth ten thousand. <span class="ver">14</span>And they shall not sell of it, neither excM
hange, nor alienate the firstfruits of the land: for it is holy unto the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And the five thousand, that are left in the breadth over against the five and twenty thousand, shall be a profane place for the city, for dwelling, and for suburbs: and the city shall be in the midst thereof. <span class="ver">16</span>And these shall be the measures thereof; the north side four thousand and five hundred, and the south side four thousand and five hundred, and on the east side four thoM
usand and five hundred, and the west side four thousand and five hundred. <span class="ver">17</span>And the suburbs of the city shall be toward the north two hundred and fifty, and toward the south two hundred and fifty, and toward the east two hundred and fifty, and toward the west two hundred and fifty. <span class="ver">18</span>And the residue in length over against the oblation of the holy portion shall be ten thousand eastward, and ten thousand westward: and it shall be over against the oblation of the holy M
portion; and the increase thereof shall be for food unto them that serve the city. <span class="ver">19</span>And they that serve the city shall serve it out of all the tribes of Israel. <span class="ver">20</span>All the oblation shall be five and twenty thousand by five and twenty thousand: ye shall offer the holy oblation foursquare, with the possession of the city. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And the residue shall be for the prince, on the one side and on the other of the holy oblation, and of the possM
ession of the city, over against the five and twenty thousand of the oblation toward the east border, and westward over against the five and twenty thousand toward the west border, over against the portions for the prince: and it shall be the holy oblation; and the sanctuary of the house shall be in the midst thereof. <span class="ver">22</span>Moreover from the possession of the Levites, and from the possession of the city, being in the midst of that which is the prince
s, between the border of Judah and the borM
der of Benjamin, shall be for the prince. <span class="ver">23</span>As for the rest of the tribes, from the east side unto the west side, Benjamin shall have a portion. <span class="ver">24</span>And by the border of Benjamin, from the east side unto the west side, Simeon shall have a portion. <span class="ver">25</span>And by the border of Simeon, from the east side unto the west side, Issachar a portion. <span class="ver">26</span>And by the border of Issachar, from the east side unto the west side, Zebulun a poM
rtion. <span class="ver">27</span>And by the border of Zebulun, from the east side unto the west side, Gad a portion. <span class="ver">28</span>And by the border of Gad, at the south side southward, the border shall be even from Tamar unto the waters of strife in Kadesh, and to the river toward the great sea. <span class="ver">29</span>This is the land which ye shall divide by lot unto the tribes of Israel for inheritance, and these are their portions, saith the Lord GOD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>And tM
hese are the goings out of the city on the north side, four thousand and five hundred measures. <span class="ver">31</span>And the gates of the city shall be after the names of the tribes of Israel: three gates northward; one gate of Reuben, one gate of Judah, one gate of Levi. <span class="ver">32</span>And at the east side four thousand and five hundred: and three gates; and one gate of Joseph, one gate of Benjamin, one gate of Dan. <span class="ver">33</span>And at the south side four thousand and five hundred mM
easures: and three gates; one gate of Simeon, one gate of Issachar, one gate of Zebulun. <span class="ver">34</span>At the west side four thousand and five hundred, with their three gates; one gate of Gad, one gate of Asher, one gate of Naphtali. <span class="ver">35</span>It was round about eighteen thousand measures: and the name of the city from that day shall be, The LORD is there. </p>
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<title>GENESIS</title>
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<span>THE FIRST BOOK OF MOSES, CALLED</span>
<div class="content-table">
<h2>Contents</h2>
ref="#c1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="#c10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="#c11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="#c12">12</a></li>
<li><a href="#c13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="#c14">14</a></li>
<li><a href="#c15">15</a></li>
href="#c16">16</a></li>
<li><a href="#c17">17</a></li>
<li><a href="#c18">18</a></li>
<li><a href="#c19">19</a></li>
<li><a href="#c20">20</a></li>
<li><a href="#c21">21</a></li>
<li><a href="#c22">22</a></li>
<li><a href="#c23">23</a></li>
<li><a href="#c24">24</a></li>
<li><a href="#c25">25</a></li>
<li><a href="#c26">26</a></li>
<li><a href="#c27">27</a></li>
<li><a href="#c28">28</a></li>
<li><a href="#c29">29</a></li>
<li><a href="#c30">30<M
<li><a href="#c31">31</a></li>
<li><a href="#c32">32</a></li>
<li><a href="#c33">33</a></li>
<li><a href="#c34">34</a></li>
<li><a href="#c35">35</a></li>
<li><a href="#c36">36</a></li>
<li><a href="#c37">37</a></li>
<li><a href="#c38">38</a></li>
<li><a href="#c39">39</a></li>
<li><a href="#c40">40</a></li>
<li><a href="#c41">41</a></li>
<li><a href="#c42">42</a></li>
<li><a href="#c43">43</a></li>
<li><a href="#c44">44</a></li>
i><a href="#c45">45</a></li>
<li><a href="#c46">46</a></li>
<li><a href="#c47">47</a></li>
<li><a href="#c48">48</a></li>
<li><a href="#c49">49</a></li>
<li><a href="#c50">50</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. <span class="ver">2</span>And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. <spanM
class="ver">3</span>And God said, Let there be light: and there was light. <span class="ver">4</span>And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness. <span class="ver">5</span>And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. <span class="ver">7</span>And God made thM
e firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so. <span class="ver">8</span>And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the second day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so. <span class="ver">10</span>And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of the waters called hM
e Seas: and God saw that it was good. <span class="ver">11</span>And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself, upon the earth: and it was so. <span class="ver">12</span>And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind: and God saw that it was good. <span class="ver">13</span>And the evening and the morning were the third daM
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years: <span class="ver">15</span>And let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth: and it was so. <span class="ver">16</span>And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also. <span class="ver">17</spaM
n>And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, <span class="ver">18</span>And to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness: and God saw that it was good. <span class="ver">19</span>And the evening and the morning were the fourth day. <span class="ver">20</span>And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven. <span class="ver">21</span>AnM
d God created great whales, and every living creature that moveth, which the waters brought forth abundantly, after their kind, and every winged fowl after his kind: and God saw that it was good. <span class="ver">22</span>And God blessed them, saying, Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply in the earth. <span class="ver">23</span>And the evening and the morning were the fifth day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creaM
ture after his kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his kind: and it was so. <span class="ver">25</span>And God made the beast of the earth after his kind, and cattle after their kind, and every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind: and God saw that it was good. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all M
the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. <span class="ver">27</span>So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them. <span class="ver">28</span>And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>And God sM
aid, Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat. <span class="ver">30</span>And to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to every thing that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is life, I have given every green herb for meat: and it was so. <span class="ver">31</span>And God saw every thing that he had made, and, behold, it was very good. And the eveM
ning and the morning were the sixth day.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them. <span class="ver">2</span>And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. <span class="ver">3</span>And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all his work which God created and made. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</M
span>These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that the LORD God made the earth and the heavens, <span class="ver">5</span>And every plant of the field before it was in the earth, and every herb of the field before it grew: for the LORD God had not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was not a man to till the ground. <span class="ver">6</span>But there went up a mist from the earth, and watered the whole face of the ground. <span class="ver">7</span>And theM
LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And the LORD God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed. <span class="ver">9</span>And out of the ground made the LORD God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil. <span class="ver">10</span>AnM
d a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became into four heads. <span class="ver">11</span>The name of the first is Pison: that is it which compasseth the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold; <span class="ver">12</span>And the gold of that land is good: there is bdellium and the onyx stone. <span class="ver">13</span>And the name of the second river is Gihon: the same is it that compasseth the whole land of Ethiopia. <span class="ver">14</span>And the name of the thM
ird river is Hiddekel: that is it which goeth toward the east of Assyria. And the fourth river is Euphrates. <span class="ver">15</span>And the LORD God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it. <span class="ver">16</span>And the LORD God commanded the man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat: <span class="ver">17</span>But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.M
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And the LORD God said, It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for him. <span class="ver">19</span>And out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air; and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof. <span class="ver">20</span>And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, and to every beast of the fiM
eld; but for Adam there was not found an help meet for him. <span class="ver">21</span>And the LORD God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept: and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof; <span class="ver">22</span>And the rib, which the LORD God had taken from man, made he a woman, and brought her unto the man. <span class="ver">23</span>And Adam said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man. <span classM
="ver">24</span>Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh. <span class="ver">25</span>And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now the serpent was more subtil than any beast of the field which the LORD God had made. And he said unto the woman, Yea, hath God said, Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden? <span class="ver">2</span>And the woman said uM
nto the serpent, We may eat of the fruit of the trees of the garden: <span class="ver">3</span>But of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden, God hath said, Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die. <span class="ver">4</span>And the serpent said unto the woman, Ye shall not surely die: <span class="ver">5</span>For God doth know that in the day ye eat thereof, then your eyes shall be opened, and ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil. <span class="ver">6</span>And when tM
he woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes, and a tree to be desired to make one wise, she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave also unto her husband with her; and he did eat. <span class="ver">7</span>And the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves aprons. <span class="ver">8</span>And they heard the voice of the LORD God walking in the garden in the cool of the day: and Adam and hM
is wife hid themselves from the presence of the LORD God amongst the trees of the garden. <span class="ver">9</span>And the LORD God called unto Adam, and said unto him, Where art thou? <span class="ver">10</span>And he said, I heard thy voice in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked; and I hid myself. <span class="ver">11</span>And he said, Who told thee that thou wast naked? Hast thou eaten of the tree, whereof I commanded thee that thou shouldest not eat? <span class="ver">12</span>And the man said, M
The woman whom thou gavest to be with me, she gave me of the tree, and I did eat. <span class="ver">13</span>And the LORD God said unto the woman, What is this that thou hast done? And the woman said, The serpent beguiled me, and I did eat. <span class="ver">14</span>And the LORD God said unto the serpent, Because thou hast done this, thou art cursed above all cattle, and above every beast of the field; upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life: <span class="ver">15</span>And I M
will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel. <span class="ver">16</span>Unto the woman he said, I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception; in sorrow thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee. <span class="ver">17</span>And unto Adam he said, Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, sayiM
ng, Thou shalt not eat of it: cursed is the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life; <span class="ver">18</span>Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field; <span class="ver">19</span>In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return. <span class="ver">20</span>And Adam called his wife
s name Eve; because she was tM
he mother of all living. <span class="ver">21</span>Unto Adam also and to his wife did the LORD God make coats of skins, and clothed them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And the LORD God said, Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil: and now, lest he put forth his hand, and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live for ever: <span class="ver">23</span>Therefore the LORD God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from whence he was taken. <span class="ver">24</sM
pan>So he drove out the man; and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden Cherubims, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way of the tree of life.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Adam knew Eve his wife; and she conceived, and bare Cain, and said, I have gotten a man from the LORD. <span class="ver">2</span>And she again bare his brother Abel. And Abel was a keeper of sheep, but Cain was a tiller of the ground. <span class="ver">3</span>And in process of time iM
t came to pass, that Cain brought of the fruit of the ground an offering unto the LORD. <span class="ver">4</span>And Abel, he also brought of the firstlings of his flock and of the fat thereof. And the LORD had respect unto Abel and to his offering: <span class="ver">5</span>But unto Cain and to his offering he had not respect. And Cain was very wroth, and his countenance fell. <span class="ver">6</span>And the LORD said unto Cain, Why art thou wroth? and why is thy countenance fallen? <span class="ver">7</span>IfM
thou doest well, shalt thou not be accepted? and if thou doest not well, sin lieth at the door. And unto thee shall be his desire, and thou shalt rule over him. <span class="ver">8</span>And Cain talked with Abel his brother: and it came to pass, when they were in the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and slew him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And the LORD said unto Cain, Where is Abel thy brother? And he said, I know not: Am I my brother
s keeper? <span class="ver">10</span>And he said, M
What hast thou done? the voice of thy brother
s blood crieth unto me from the ground. <span class="ver">11</span>And now art thou cursed from the earth, which hath opened her mouth to receive thy brother
s blood from thy hand; <span class="ver">12</span>When thou tillest the ground, it shall not henceforth yield unto thee her strength; a fugitive and a vagabond shalt thou be in the earth. <span class="ver">13</span>And Cain said unto the LORD, My punishment is greater than I can bear. <span class="ver">14</spanM
>Behold, thou hast driven me out this day from the face of the earth; and from thy face shall I be hid; and I shall be a fugitive and a vagabond in the earth; and it shall come to pass, that every one that findeth me shall slay me. <span class="ver">15</span>And the LORD said unto him, Therefore whosoever slayeth Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him sevenfold. And the LORD set a mark upon Cain, lest any finding him should kill him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And Cain went out from the presence of the LORM
D, and dwelt in the land of Nod, on the east of Eden. <span class="ver">17</span>And Cain knew his wife; and she conceived, and bare Enoch: and he builded a city, and called the name of the city, after the name of his son, Enoch. <span class="ver">18</span>And unto Enoch was born Irad: and Irad begat Mehujael: and Mehujael begat Methusael: and Methusael begat Lamech. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And Lamech took unto him two wives: the name of the one was Adah, and the name of the other Zillah. <span class="M
ver">20</span>And Adah bare Jabal: he was the father of such as dwell in tents, and of such as have cattle. <span class="ver">21</span>And his brother
s name was Jubal: he was the father of all such as handle the harp and organ. <span class="ver">22</span>And Zillah, she also bare Tubal-cain, an instructer of every artificer in brass and iron: and the sister of Tubal-cain was Naamah. <span class="ver">23</span>And Lamech said unto his wives, Adah and Zillah, Hear my voice; ye wives of Lamech, hearken unto my speeM
ch: for I have slain a man to my wounding, and a young man to my hurt. <span class="ver">24</span>If Cain shall be avenged sevenfold, truly Lamech seventy and sevenfold. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And Adam knew his wife again; and she bare a son, and called his name Seth: For God, said she, hath appointed me another seed instead of Abel, whom Cain slew. <span class="ver">26</span>And to Seth, to him also there was born a son; and he called his name Enos: then began men to call upon the name of the LORD.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>This is the book of the generations of Adam. In the day that God created man, in the likeness of God made he him; <span class="ver">2</span>Male and female created he them; and blessed them, and called their name Adam, in the day when they were created. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And Adam lived an hundred and thirty years, and begat a son in his own likeness, after his image; and called his name Seth: <span class="ver">4</span>And the days of AdaM
m after he had begotten Seth were eight hundred years: and he begat sons and daughters: <span class="ver">5</span>And all the days that Adam lived were nine hundred and thirty years: and he died. <span class="ver">6</span>And Seth lived an hundred and five years, and begat Enos: <span class="ver">7</span>And Seth lived after he begat Enos eight hundred and seven years, and begat sons and daughters: <span class="ver">8</span>And all the days of Seth were nine hundred and twelve years: and he died. </p>
ass="ver">9</span>And Enos lived ninety years, and begat Cainan: <span class="ver">10</span>And Enos lived after he begat Cainan eight hundred and fifteen years, and begat sons and daughters: <span class="ver">11</span>And all the days of Enos were nine hundred and five years: and he died. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And Cainan lived seventy years, and begat Mahalaleel: <span class="ver">13</span>And Cainan lived after he begat Mahalaleel eight hundred and forty years, and begat sons and daughters: <span cM
lass="ver">14</span>And all the days of Cainan were nine hundred and ten years: and he died. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And Mahalaleel lived sixty and five years, and begat Jared: <span class="ver">16</span>And Mahalaleel lived after he begat Jared eight hundred and thirty years, and begat sons and daughters: <span class="ver">17</span>And all the days of Mahalaleel were eight hundred ninety and five years: and he died. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And Jared lived an hundred sixty and two years, aM
nd he begat Enoch: <span class="ver">19</span>And Jared lived after he begat Enoch eight hundred years, and begat sons and daughters: <span class="ver">20</span>And all the days of Jared were nine hundred sixty and two years: and he died. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And Enoch lived sixty and five years, and begat Methuselah: <span class="ver">22</span>And Enoch walked with God after he begat Methuselah three hundred years, and begat sons and daughters: <span class="ver">23</span>And all the days of Enoch wM
ere three hundred sixty and five years: <span class="ver">24</span>And Enoch walked with God: and he was not; for God took him. <span class="ver">25</span>And Methuselah lived an hundred eighty and seven years, and begat Lamech: <span class="ver">26</span>And Methuselah lived after he begat Lamech seven hundred eighty and two years, and begat sons and daughters: <span class="ver">27</span>And all the days of Methuselah were nine hundred sixty and nine years: and he died. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>And LamM
ech lived an hundred eighty and two years, and begat a son: <span class="ver">29</span>And he called his name Noah, saying, This same shall comfort us concerning our work and toil of our hands, because of the ground which the LORD hath cursed. <span class="ver">30</span>And Lamech lived after he begat Noah five hundred ninety and five years, and begat sons and daughters: <span class="ver">31</span>And all the days of Lamech were seven hundred seventy and seven years: and he died. <span class="ver">32</span>And NoahM
was five hundred years old: and Noah begat Shem, Ham, and Japheth.
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass, when men began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born unto them, <span class="ver">2</span>That the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took them wives of all which they chose. <span class="ver">3</span>And the LORD said, My spirit shall not always strive with man, for that he also is flesh: yet his days shall be M
an hundred and twenty years. <span class="ver">4</span>There were giants in the earth in those days; and also after that, when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them, the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And GOD saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually. <span class="ver">6</span>And it repented the LORD that he had madeM
man on the earth, and it grieved him at his heart. <span class="ver">7</span>And the LORD said, I will destroy man whom I have created from the face of the earth; both man, and beast, and the creeping thing, and the fowls of the air; for it repenteth me that I have made them. <span class="ver">8</span>But Noah found grace in the eyes of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>These are the generations of Noah: Noah was a just man and perfect in his generations, and Noah walked with God. <span class="ver">10<M
/span>And Noah begat three sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth. <span class="ver">11</span>The earth also was corrupt before God, and the earth was filled with violence. <span class="ver">12</span>And God looked upon the earth, and, behold, it was corrupt; for all flesh had corrupted his way upon the earth. <span class="ver">13</span>And God said unto Noah, The end of all flesh is come before me; for the earth is filled with violence through them; and, behold, I will destroy them with the earth. </p>
<p><span class="verM
">14</span>Make thee an ark of gopher wood; rooms shalt thou make in the ark, and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch. <span class="ver">15</span>And this is the fashion which thou shalt make it of: The length of the ark shall be three hundred cubits, the breadth of it fifty cubits, and the height of it thirty cubits. <span class="ver">16</span>A window shalt thou make to the ark, and in a cubit shalt thou finish it above; and the door of the ark shalt thou set in the side thereof; with lower, second, and M
third stories shalt thou make it. <span class="ver">17</span>And, behold, I, even I, do bring a flood of waters upon the earth, to destroy all flesh, wherein is the breath of life, from under heaven; and every thing that is in the earth shall die. <span class="ver">18</span>But with thee will I establish my covenant; and thou shalt come into the ark, thou, and thy sons, and thy wife, and thy sons
wives with thee. <span class="ver">19</span>And of every living thing of all flesh, two of every sort shalt thou brinM
g into the ark, to keep them alive with thee; they shall be male and female. <span class="ver">20</span>Of fowls after their kind, and of cattle after their kind, of every creeping thing of the earth after his kind, two of every sort shall come unto thee, to keep them alive. <span class="ver">21</span>And take thou unto thee of all food that is eaten, and thou shalt gather it to thee; and it shall be for food for thee, and for them. <span class="ver">22</span>Thus did Noah; according to all that God commanded him, M
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD said unto Noah, Come thou and all thy house into the ark; for thee have I seen righteous before me in this generation. <span class="ver">2</span>Of every clean beast thou shalt take to thee by sevens, the male and his female: and of beasts that are not clean by two, the male and his female. <span class="ver">3</span>Of fowls also of the air by sevens, the male and the female; to keep seed alive upon the face of all the earth. <spaM
n class="ver">4</span>For yet seven days, and I will cause it to rain upon the earth forty days and forty nights; and every living substance that I have made will I destroy from off the face of the earth. <span class="ver">5</span>And Noah did according unto all that the LORD commanded him. <span class="ver">6</span>And Noah was six hundred years old when the flood of waters was upon the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And Noah went in, and his sons, and his wife, and his sons
wives with him, into theM
ark, because of the waters of the flood. <span class="ver">8</span>Of clean beasts, and of beasts that are not clean, and of fowls, and of every thing that creepeth upon the earth, <span class="ver">9</span>There went in two and two unto Noah into the ark, the male and the female, as God had commanded Noah. <span class="ver">10</span>And it came to pass after seven days, that the waters of the flood were upon the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>In the six hundredth year of Noah
s life, in the second M
month, the seventeenth day of the month, the same day were all the fountains of the great deep broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened. <span class="ver">12</span>And the rain was upon the earth forty days and forty nights. <span class="ver">13</span>In the selfsame day entered Noah, and Shem, and Ham, and Japheth, the sons of Noah, and Noah
s wife, and the three wives of his sons with them, into the ark; <span class="ver">14</span>They, and every beast after his kind, and all the cattle after their kindM
, and every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind, and every fowl after his kind, every bird of every sort. <span class="ver">15</span>And they went in unto Noah into the ark, two and two of all flesh, wherein is the breath of life. <span class="ver">16</span>And they that went in, went in male and female of all flesh, as God had commanded him: and the LORD shut him in. <span class="ver">17</span>And the flood was forty days upon the earth; and the waters increased, and bare up the ark, and it M
was lift up above the earth. <span class="ver">18</span>And the waters prevailed, and were increased greatly upon the earth; and the ark went upon the face of the waters. <span class="ver">19</span>And the waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth; and all the high hills, that were under the whole heaven, were covered. <span class="ver">20</span>Fifteen cubits upward did the waters prevail; and the mountains were covered. <span class="ver">21</span>And all flesh died that moved upon the earth, both of fowl, and oM
f cattle, and of beast, and of every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth, and every man: <span class="ver">22</span>All in whose nostrils was the breath of life, of all that was in the dry land, died. <span class="ver">23</span>And every living substance was destroyed which was upon the face of the ground, both man, and cattle, and the creeping things, and the fowl of the heaven; and they were destroyed from the earth: and Noah only remained alive, and they that were with him in the ark. <span class="ver">2M
4</span>And the waters prevailed upon the earth an hundred and fifty days.
<h2 id="c8">Chapter 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And God remembered Noah, and every living thing, and all the cattle that was with him in the ark: and God made a wind to pass over the earth, and the waters asswaged; <span class="ver">2</span>The fountains also of the deep and the windows of heaven were stopped, and the rain from heaven was restrained; <span class="ver">3</span>And the waters returned from off the earth continualM
ly: and after the end of the hundred and fifty days the waters were abated. <span class="ver">4</span>And the ark rested in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month, upon the mountains of Ararat. <span class="ver">5</span>And the waters decreased continually until the tenth month: in the tenth month, on the first day of the month, were the tops of the mountains seen. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And it came to pass at the end of forty days, that Noah opened the window of the ark which he had maM
de: <span class="ver">7</span>And he sent forth a raven, which went forth to and fro, until the waters were dried up from off the earth. <span class="ver">8</span>Also he sent forth a dove from him, to see if the waters were abated from off the face of the ground; <span class="ver">9</span>But the dove found no rest for the sole of her foot, and she returned unto him into the ark, for the waters were on the face of the whole earth: then he put forth his hand, and took her, and pulled her in unto him into the ark. <M
span class="ver">10</span>And he stayed yet other seven days; and again he sent forth the dove out of the ark; <span class="ver">11</span>And the dove came in to him in the evening; and, lo, in her mouth was an olive leaf pluckt off: so Noah knew that the waters were abated from off the earth. <span class="ver">12</span>And he stayed yet other seven days; and sent forth the dove; which returned not again unto him any more. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And it came to pass in the six hundredth and first year,M
in the first month, the first day of the month, the waters were dried up from off the earth: and Noah removed the covering of the ark, and looked, and, behold, the face of the ground was dry. <span class="ver">14</span>And in the second month, on the seven and twentieth day of the month, was the earth dried. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And God spake unto Noah, saying, <span class="ver">16</span>Go forth of the ark, thou, and thy wife, and thy sons, and thy sons
wives with thee. <span class="ver">17</spM
an>Bring forth with thee every living thing that is with thee, of all flesh, both of fowl, and of cattle, and of every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth; that they may breed abundantly in the earth, and be fruitful, and multiply upon the earth. <span class="ver">18</span>And Noah went forth, and his sons, and his wife, and his sons
wives with him: <span class="ver">19</span>Every beast, every creeping thing, and every fowl, and whatsoever creepeth upon the earth, after their kinds, went forth out of thM
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And Noah builded an altar unto the LORD; and took of every clean beast, and of every clean fowl, and offered burnt offerings on the altar. <span class="ver">21</span>And the LORD smelled a sweet savour; and the LORD said in his heart, I will not again curse the ground any more for man
s sake; for the imagination of man
s heart is evil from his youth; neither will I again smite any more every thing living, as I have done. <span class="ver">22</span>While the earth remaM
ineth, seedtime and harvest, and cold and heat, and summer and winter, and day and night shall not cease.
<h2 id="c9">Chapter 9</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And God blessed Noah and his sons, and said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth. <span class="ver">2</span>And the fear of you and the dread of you shall be upon every beast of the earth, and upon every fowl of the air, upon all that moveth upon the earth, and upon all the fishes of the sea; into your hand are they deliveredM
. <span class="ver">3</span>Every moving thing that liveth shall be meat for you; even as the green herb have I given you all things. <span class="ver">4</span>But flesh with the life thereof, which is the blood thereof, shall ye not eat. <span class="ver">5</span>And surely your blood of your lives will I require; at the hand of every beast will I require it, and at the hand of man; at the hand of every man
s brother will I require the life of man. <span class="ver">6</span>Whoso sheddeth man
hall his blood be shed: for in the image of God made he man. <span class="ver">7</span>And you, be ye fruitful, and multiply; bring forth abundantly in the earth, and multiply therein. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And God spake unto Noah, and to his sons with him, saying, <span class="ver">9</span>And I, behold, I establish my covenant with you, and with your seed after you; <span class="ver">10</span>And with every living creature that is with you, of the fowl, of the cattle, and of every beast of the earthM
with you; from all that go out of the ark, to every beast of the earth. <span class="ver">11</span>And I will establish my covenant with you; neither shall all flesh be cut off any more by the waters of a flood; neither shall there any more be a flood to destroy the earth. <span class="ver">12</span>And God said, This is the token of the covenant which I make between me and you and every living creature that is with you, for perpetual generations: <span class="ver">13</span>I do set my bow in the cloud, and it shaM
ll be for a token of a covenant between me and the earth. <span class="ver">14</span>And it shall come to pass, when I bring a cloud over the earth, that the bow shall be seen in the cloud: <span class="ver">15</span>And I will remember my covenant, which is between me and you and every living creature of all flesh; and the waters shall no more become a flood to destroy all flesh. <span class="ver">16</span>And the bow shall be in the cloud; and I will look upon it, that I may remember the everlasting covenant betwM
een God and every living creature of all flesh that is upon the earth. <span class="ver">17</span>And God said unto Noah, This is the token of the covenant, which I have established between me and all flesh that is upon the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And the sons of Noah, that went forth of the ark, were Shem, and Ham, and Japheth: and Ham is the father of Canaan. <span class="ver">19</span>These are the three sons of Noah: and of them was the whole earth overspread. <span class="ver">20</span>And M
Noah began to be an husbandman, and he planted a vineyard: <span class="ver">21</span>And he drank of the wine, and was drunken; and he was uncovered within his tent. <span class="ver">22</span>And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, and told his two brethren without. <span class="ver">23</span>And Shem and Japheth took a garment, and laid it upon both their shoulders, and went backward, and covered the nakedness of their father; and their faces were backward, and they saw not their father
s nakedness. <span class="ver">24</span>And Noah awoke from his wine, and knew what his younger son had done unto him. <span class="ver">25</span>And he said, Cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants shall he be unto his brethren. <span class="ver">26</span>And he said, Blessed be the LORD God of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant. <span class="ver">27</span>God shall enlarge Japheth, and he shall dwell in the tents of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>And Noah lived aftM
er the flood three hundred and fifty years. <span class="ver">29</span>And all the days of Noah were nine hundred and fifty years: and he died.
<h2 id="c10">Chapter 10</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now these are the generations of the sons of Noah, Shem, Ham, and Japheth: and unto them were sons born after the flood. <span class="ver">2</span>The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras. <span class="ver">3</span>And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and RiphatM
h, and Togarmah. <span class="ver">4</span>And the sons of Javan; Elishah, and Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim. <span class="ver">5</span>By these were the isles of the Gentiles divided in their lands; every one after his tongue, after their families, in their nations. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And the sons of Ham; Cush, and Mizraim, and Phut, and Canaan. <span class="ver">7</span>And the sons of Cush; Seba, and Havilah, and Sabtah, and Raamah, and Sabtecha: and the sons of Raamah; Sheba, and Dedan. <span cM
lass="ver">8</span>And Cush begat Nimrod: he began to be a mighty one in the earth. <span class="ver">9</span>He was a mighty hunter before the LORD: wherefore it is said, Even as Nimrod the mighty hunter before the LORD. <span class="ver">10</span>And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. <span class="ver">11</span>Out of that land went forth Asshur, and builded Nineveh, and the city Rehoboth, and Calah, <span class="ver">12</span>And Resen between NinevehM
and Calah: the same is a great city. <span class="ver">13</span>And Mizraim begat Ludim, and Anamim, and Lehabim, and Naphtuhim, <span class="ver">14</span>And Pathrusim, and Casluhim, (out of whom came Philistim,) and Caphtorim. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And Canaan begat Sidon his firstborn, and Heth, <span class="ver">16</span>And the Jebusite, and the Amorite, and the Girgasite, <span class="ver">17</span>And the Hivite, and the Arkite, and the Sinite, <span class="ver">18</span>And the Arvadite, andM
the Zemarite, and the Hamathite: and afterward were the families of the Canaanites spread abroad. <span class="ver">19</span>And the border of the Canaanites was from Sidon, as thou comest to Gerar, unto Gaza; as thou goest, unto Sodom, and Gomorrah, and Admah, and Zeboim, even unto Lasha. <span class="ver">20</span>These are the sons of Ham, after their families, after their tongues, in their countries, and in their nations. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Unto Shem also, the father of all the children of EbM
er, the brother of Japheth the elder, even to him were children born. <span class="ver">22</span>The children of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram. <span class="ver">23</span>And the children of Aram; Uz, and Hul, and Gether, and Mash. <span class="ver">24</span>And Arphaxad begat Salah; and Salah begat Eber. <span class="ver">25</span>And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of one was Peleg; for in his days was the earth divided; and his brother
s name was Joktan. <span class="ver">26</sM
pan>And Joktan begat Almodad, and Sheleph, and Hazarmaveth, and Jerah, <span class="ver">27</span>And Hadoram, and Uzal, and Diklah, <span class="ver">28</span>And Obal, and Abimael, and Sheba, <span class="ver">29</span>And Ophir, and Havilah, and Jobab: all these were the sons of Joktan. <span class="ver">30</span>And their dwelling was from Mesha, as thou goest unto Sephar a mount of the east. <span class="ver">31</span>These are the sons of Shem, after their families, after their tongues, in their lands, after M
their nations. <span class="ver">32</span>These are the families of the sons of Noah, after their generations, in their nations: and by these were the nations divided in the earth after the flood.
<h2 id="c11">Chapter 11</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech. <span class="ver">2</span>And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there. <span class="ver">3</span>And they said one to anoM
ther, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them throughly. And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter. <span class="ver">4</span>And they said, Go to, let us build us a city and a tower, whose top may reach unto heaven; and let us make us a name, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth. <span class="ver">5</span>And the LORD came down to see the city and the tower, which the children of men builded. <span class="ver">6</span>And the LORD said, Behold, the people is one, and they M
have all one language; and this they begin to do: and now nothing will be restrained from them, which they have imagined to do. <span class="ver">7</span>Go to, let us go down, and there confound their language, that they may not understand one another
s speech. <span class="ver">8</span>So the LORD scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth: and they left off to build the city. <span class="ver">9</span>Therefore is the name of it called Babel; because the LORD did there confound the languaM
ge of all the earth: and from thence did the LORD scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>These are the generations of Shem: Shem was an hundred years old, and begat Arphaxad two years after the flood: <span class="ver">11</span>And Shem lived after he begat Arphaxad five hundred years, and begat sons and daughters. <span class="ver">12</span>And Arphaxad lived five and thirty years, and begat Salah: <span class="ver">13</span>And Arphaxad lived after he begat Salah M
four hundred and three years, and begat sons and daughters. <span class="ver">14</span>And Salah lived thirty years, and begat Eber: <span class="ver">15</span>And Salah lived after he begat Eber four hundred and three years, and begat sons and daughters. <span class="ver">16</span>And Eber lived four and thirty years, and begat Peleg: <span class="ver">17</span>And Eber lived after he begat Peleg four hundred and thirty years, and begat sons and daughters. <span class="ver">18</span>And Peleg lived thirty years, aM
nd begat Reu: <span class="ver">19</span>And Peleg lived after he begat Reu two hundred and nine years, and begat sons and daughters. <span class="ver">20</span>And Reu lived two and thirty years, and begat Serug: <span class="ver">21</span>And Reu lived after he begat Serug two hundred and seven years, and begat sons and daughters. <span class="ver">22</span>And Serug lived thirty years, and begat Nahor: <span class="ver">23</span>And Serug lived after he begat Nahor two hundred years, and begat sons and daughtersM
. <span class="ver">24</span>And Nahor lived nine and twenty years, and begat Terah: <span class="ver">25</span>And Nahor lived after he begat Terah an hundred and nineteen years, and begat sons and daughters. <span class="ver">26</span>And Terah lived seventy years, and begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>Now these are the generations of Terah: Terah begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran; and Haran begat Lot. <span class="ver">28</span>And Haran died before his father Terah in the land of hM
is nativity, in Ur of the Chaldees. <span class="ver">29</span>And Abram and Nahor took them wives: the name of Abram
s wife was Sarai; and the name of Nahor
s wife, Milcah, the daughter of Haran, the father of Milcah, and the father of Iscah. <span class="ver">30</span>But Sarai was barren; she had no child. <span class="ver">31</span>And Terah took Abram his son, and Lot the son of Haran his son
s son, and Sarai his daughter in law, his son Abram
s wife; and they went forth with them from Ur of the ChaldeM
es, to go into the land of Canaan; and they came unto Haran, and dwelt there. <span class="ver">32</span>And the days of Terah were two hundred and five years: and Terah died in Haran.
<h2 id="c12">Chapter 12</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now the LORD had said unto Abram, Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and from thy father
s house, unto a land that I will shew thee: <span class="ver">2</span>And I will make of thee a great nation, and I will bless thee, and make thy name great; and thM
ou shalt be a blessing: <span class="ver">3</span>And I will bless them that bless thee, and curse him that curseth thee: and in thee shall all families of the earth be blessed. <span class="ver">4</span>So Abram departed, as the LORD had spoken unto him; and Lot went with him: and Abram was seventy and five years old when he departed out of Haran. <span class="ver">5</span>And Abram took Sarai his wife, and Lot his brother
s son, and all their substance that they had gathered, and the souls that they had gotten M
in Haran; and they went forth to go into the land of Canaan; and into the land of Canaan they came. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And Abram passed through the land unto the place of Sichem, unto the plain of Moreh. And the Canaanite was then in the land. <span class="ver">7</span>And the LORD appeared unto Abram, and said, Unto thy seed will I give this land: and there builded he an altar unto the LORD, who appeared unto him. <span class="ver">8</span>And he removed from thence unto a mountain on the east of M
Beth-el, and pitched his tent, having Beth-el on the west, and Hai on the east: and there he builded an altar unto the LORD, and called upon the name of the LORD. <span class="ver">9</span>And Abram journeyed, going on still toward the south. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And there was a famine in the land: and Abram went down into Egypt to sojourn there; for the famine was grievous in the land. <span class="ver">11</span>And it came to pass, when he was come near to enter into Egypt, that he said unto SaraiM
his wife, Behold now, I know that thou art a fair woman to look upon: <span class="ver">12</span>Therefore it shall come to pass, when the Egyptians shall see thee, that they shall say, This is his wife: and they will kill me, but they will save thee alive. <span class="ver">13</span>Say, I pray thee, thou art my sister: that it may be well with me for thy sake; and my soul shall live because of thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And it came to pass, that, when Abram was come into Egypt, the Egyptians beheM
ld the woman that she was very fair. <span class="ver">15</span>The princes also of Pharaoh saw her, and commended her before Pharaoh: and the woman was taken into Pharaoh
s house. <span class="ver">16</span>And he entreated Abram well for her sake: and he had sheep, and oxen, and he asses, and menservants, and maidservants, and she asses, and camels. <span class="ver">17</span>And the LORD plagued Pharaoh and his house with great plagues because of Sarai Abram
s wife. <span class="ver">18</span>And Pharaoh calM
led Abram, and said, What is this that thou hast done unto me? why didst thou not tell me that she was thy wife? <span class="ver">19</span>Why saidst thou, She is my sister? so I might have taken her to me to wife: now therefore behold thy wife, take her, and go thy way. <span class="ver">20</span>And Pharaoh commanded his men concerning him: and they sent him away, and his wife, and all that he had.
<h2 id="c13">Chapter 13</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Abram went up out of Egypt, he, and his wife, aM
nd all that he had, and Lot with him, into the south. <span class="ver">2</span>And Abram was very rich in cattle, in silver, and in gold. <span class="ver">3</span>And he went on his journeys from the south even to Beth-el, unto the place where his tent had been at the beginning, between Beth-el and Hai; <span class="ver">4</span>Unto the place of the altar, which he had made there at the first: and there Abram called on the name of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And Lot also, which went with Abram,M
had flocks, and herds, and tents. <span class="ver">6</span>And the land was not able to bear them, that they might dwell together: for their substance was great, so that they could not dwell together. <span class="ver">7</span>And there was a strife between the herdmen of Abram
s cattle and the herdmen of Lot
s cattle: and the Canaanite and the Perizzite dwelled then in the land. <span class="ver">8</span>And Abram said unto Lot, Let there be no strife, I pray thee, between me and thee, and between my herdmenM
and thy herdmen; for we be brethren. <span class="ver">9</span>Is not the whole land before thee? separate thyself, I pray thee, from me: if thou wilt take the left hand, then I will go to the right; or if thou depart to the right hand, then I will go to the left. <span class="ver">10</span>And Lot lifted up his eyes, and beheld all the plain of Jordan, that it was well watered every where, before the LORD destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah, even as the garden of the LORD, like the land of Egypt, as thou comest unto ZoaM
r. <span class="ver">11</span>Then Lot chose him all the plain of Jordan; and Lot journeyed east: and they separated themselves the one from the other. <span class="ver">12</span>Abram dwelled in the land of Canaan, and Lot dwelled in the cities of the plain, and pitched his tent toward Sodom. <span class="ver">13</span>But the men of Sodom were wicked and sinners before the LORD exceedingly. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And the LORD said unto Abram, after that Lot was separated from him, Lift up now thine M
eyes, and look from the place where thou art northward, and southward, and eastward, and westward: <span class="ver">15</span>For all the land which thou seest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed for ever. <span class="ver">16</span>And I will make thy seed as the dust of the earth: so that if a man can number the dust of the earth, then shall thy seed also be numbered. <span class="ver">17</span>Arise, walk through the land in the length of it and in the breadth of it; for I will give it unto thee. <span clasM
s="ver">18</span>Then Abram removed his tent, and came and dwelt in the plain of Mamre, which is in Hebron, and built there an altar unto the LORD.
<h2 id="c14">Chapter 14</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass in the days of Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of nations; <span class="ver">2</span>That these made war with Bera king of Sodom, and with Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, and Shemeber king of Zeboiim, and the king M
of Bela, which is Zoar. <span class="ver">3</span>All these were joined together in the vale of Siddim, which is the salt sea. <span class="ver">4</span>Twelve years they served Chedorlaomer, and in the thirteenth year they rebelled. <span class="ver">5</span>And in the fourteenth year came Chedorlaomer, and the kings that were with him, and smote the Rephaims in Ashteroth Karnaim, and the Zuzims in Ham, and the Emims in Shaveh Kiriathaim, <span class="ver">6</span>And the Horites in their mount Seir, unto El-paranM
, which is by the wilderness. <span class="ver">7</span>And they returned, and came to En-mishpat, which is Kadesh, and smote all the country of the Amalekites, and also the Amorites, that dwelt in Hazezon-tamar. <span class="ver">8</span>And there went out the king of Sodom, and the king of Gomorrah, and the king of Admah, and the king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (the same is Zoar;) and they joined battle with them in the vale of Siddim; <span class="ver">9</span>With Chedorlaomer the king of Elam, and with TM
idal king of nations, and Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar; four kings with five. <span class="ver">10</span>And the vale of Siddim was full of slimepits; and the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, and fell there; and they that remained fled to the mountain. <span class="ver">11</span>And they took all the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah, and all their victuals, and went their way. <span class="ver">12</span>And they took Lot, Abram
s son, who dwelt in Sodom, and his goods, and departed.M
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And there came one that had escaped, and told Abram the Hebrew; for he dwelt in the plain of Mamre the Amorite, brother of Eshcol, and brother of Aner: and these were confederate with Abram. <span class="ver">14</span>And when Abram heard that his brother was taken captive, he armed his trained servants, born in his own house, three hundred and eighteen, and pursued them unto Dan. <span class="ver">15</span>And he divided himself against them, he and his servants, by night, andM
smote them, and pursued them unto Hobah, which is on the left hand of Damascus. <span class="ver">16</span>And he brought back all the goods, and also brought again his brother Lot, and his goods, and the women also, and the people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And the king of Sodom went out to meet him after his return from the slaughter of Chedorlaomer, and of the kings that were with him, at the valley of Shaveh, which is the king
s dale. <span class="ver">18</span>And Melchizedek king of Salem broughM
t forth bread and wine: and he was the priest of the most high God. <span class="ver">19</span>And he blessed him, and said, Blessed be Abram of the most high God, possessor of heaven and earth: <span class="ver">20</span>And blessed be the most high God, which hath delivered thine enemies into thy hand. And he gave him tithes of all. <span class="ver">21</span>And the king of Sodom said unto Abram, Give me the persons, and take the goods to thyself. <span class="ver">22</span>And Abram said to the king of Sodom, IM
have lift up mine hand unto the LORD, the most high God, the possessor of heaven and earth, <span class="ver">23</span>That I will not take from a thread even to a shoelatchet, and that I will not take any thing that is thine, lest thou shouldest say, I have made Abram rich: <span class="ver">24</span>Save only that which the young men have eaten, and the portion of the men which went with me, Aner, Eshcol, and Mamre; let them take their portion.
<h2 id="c15">Chapter 15</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>AfteM
r these things the word of the LORD came unto Abram in a vision, saying, Fear not, Abram: I am thy shield, and thy exceeding great reward. <span class="ver">2</span>And Abram said, Lord GOD, what wilt thou give me, seeing I go childless, and the steward of my house is this Eliezer of Damascus? <span class="ver">3</span>And Abram said, Behold, to me thou hast given no seed: and, lo, one born in my house is mine heir. <span class="ver">4</span>And, behold, the word of the LORD came unto him, saying, This shall not beM
thine heir; but he that shall come forth out of thine own bowels shall be thine heir. <span class="ver">5</span>And he brought him forth abroad, and said, Look now toward heaven, and tell the stars, if thou be able to number them: and he said unto him, So shall thy seed be. <span class="ver">6</span>And he believed in the LORD; and he counted it to him for righteousness. <span class="ver">7</span>And he said unto him, I am the LORD that brought thee out of Ur of the Chaldees, to give thee this land to inherit it. M
<span class="ver">8</span>And he said, Lord GOD, whereby shall I know that I shall inherit it? <span class="ver">9</span>And he said unto him, Take me an heifer of three years old, and a she goat of three years old, and a ram of three years old, and a turtledove, and a young pigeon. <span class="ver">10</span>And he took unto him all these, and divided them in the midst, and laid each piece one against another: but the birds divided he not. <span class="ver">11</span>And when the fowls came down upon the carcases, M
Abram drove them away. <span class="ver">12</span>And when the sun was going down, a deep sleep fell upon Abram; and, lo, an horror of great darkness fell upon him. <span class="ver">13</span>And he said unto Abram, Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years; <span class="ver">14</span>And also that nation, whom they shall serve, will I judge: and afterward shall they come out with great substance. <span classM
="ver">15</span>And thou shalt go to thy fathers in peace; thou shalt be buried in a good old age. <span class="ver">16</span>But in the fourth generation they shall come hither again: for the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet full. <span class="ver">17</span>And it came to pass, that, when the sun went down, and it was dark, behold a smoking furnace, and a burning lamp that passed between those pieces. <span class="ver">18</span>In the same day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, Unto thy seed have I giM
ven this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates: <span class="ver">19</span>The Kenites, and the Kenizzites, and the Kadmonites, <span class="ver">20</span>And the Hittites, and the Perizzites, and the Rephaims, <span class="ver">21</span>And the Amorites, and the Canaanites, and the Girgashites, and the Jebusites.
<h2 id="c16">Chapter 16</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now Sarai Abram
s wife bare him no children: and she had an handmaid, an Egyptian, whose name was Hagar.M
<span class="ver">2</span>And Sarai said unto Abram, Behold now, the LORD hath restrained me from bearing: I pray thee, go in unto my maid; it may be that I may obtain children by her. And Abram hearkened to the voice of Sarai. <span class="ver">3</span>And Sarai Abram
s wife took Hagar her maid the Egyptian, after Abram had dwelt ten years in the land of Canaan, and gave her to her husband Abram to be his wife. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And he went in unto Hagar, and she conceived: and when she saw thM
at she had conceived, her mistress was despised in her eyes. <span class="ver">5</span>And Sarai said unto Abram, My wrong be upon thee: I have given my maid into thy bosom; and when she saw that she had conceived, I was despised in her eyes: the LORD judge between me and thee. <span class="ver">6</span>But Abram said unto Sarai, Behold, thy maid is in thy hand; do to her as it pleaseth thee. And when Sarai dealt hardly with her, she fled from her face. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And the angel of the LORD M
found her by a fountain of water in the wilderness, by the fountain in the way to Shur. <span class="ver">8</span>And he said, Hagar, Sarai
s maid, whence camest thou? and whither wilt thou go? And she said, I flee from the face of my mistress Sarai. <span class="ver">9</span>And the angel of the LORD said unto her, Return to thy mistress, and submit thyself under her hands. <span class="ver">10</span>And the angel of the LORD said unto her, I will multiply thy seed exceedingly, that it shall not be numbered for M
multitude. <span class="ver">11</span>And the angel of the LORD said unto her, Behold, thou art with child, and shalt bear a son, and shalt call his name Ishmael; because the LORD hath heard thy affliction. <span class="ver">12</span>And he will be a wild man; his hand will be against every man, and every man
s hand against him; and he shall dwell in the presence of all his brethren. <span class="ver">13</span>And she called the name of the LORD that spake unto her, Thou God seest me: for she said, Have I also heM
re looked after him that seeth me? <span class="ver">14</span>Wherefore the well was called Beer-lahai-roi; behold, it is between Kadesh and Bered. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And Hagar bare Abram a son: and Abram called his son
s name, which Hagar bare, Ishmael. <span class="ver">16</span>And Abram was fourscore and six years old, when Hagar bare Ishmael to Abram.
<h2 id="c17">Chapter 17</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And when Abram was ninety years old and nine, the LORD appeared to Abram, andM
said unto him, I am the Almighty God; walk before me, and be thou perfect. <span class="ver">2</span>And I will make my covenant between me and thee, and will multiply thee exceedingly. <span class="ver">3</span>And Abram fell on his face: and God talked with him, saying, <span class="ver">4</span>As for me, behold, my covenant is with thee, and thou shalt be a father of many nations. <span class="ver">5</span>Neither shall thy name any more be called Abram, but thy name shall be Abraham; for a father of many natiM
ons have I made thee. <span class="ver">6</span>And I will make thee exceeding fruitful, and I will make nations of thee, and kings shall come out of thee. <span class="ver">7</span>And I will establish my covenant between me and thee and thy seed after thee in their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be a God unto thee, and to thy seed after thee. <span class="ver">8</span>And I will give unto thee, and to thy seed after thee, the land wherein thou art a stranger, all the land of Canaan, for an everlastinM
g possession; and I will be their God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And God said unto Abraham, Thou shalt keep my covenant therefore, thou, and thy seed after thee in their generations. <span class="ver">10</span>This is my covenant, which ye shall keep, between me and you and thy seed after thee; Every man child among you shall be circumcised. <span class="ver">11</span>And ye shall circumcise the flesh of your foreskin; and it shall be a token of the covenant betwixt me and you. <span class="ver">12</span>M
And he that is eight days old shall be circumcised among you, every man child in your generations, he that is born in the house, or bought with money of any stranger, which is not of thy seed. <span class="ver">13</span>He that is born in thy house, and he that is bought with thy money, must needs be circumcised: and my covenant shall be in your flesh for an everlasting covenant. <span class="ver">14</span>And the uncircumcised man child whose flesh of his foreskin is not circumcised, that soul shall be cut off froM
m his people; he hath broken my covenant. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And God said unto Abraham, As for Sarai thy wife, thou shalt not call her name Sarai, but Sarah shall her name be. <span class="ver">16</span>And I will bless her, and give thee a son also of her: yea, I will bless her, and she shall be a mother of nations; kings of people shall be of her. <span class="ver">17</span>Then Abraham fell upon his face, and laughed, and said in his heart, Shall a child be born unto him that is an hundred yearM
s old? and shall Sarah, that is ninety years old, bear? <span class="ver">18</span>And Abraham said unto God, O that Ishmael might live before thee! <span class="ver">19</span>And God said, Sarah thy wife shall bear thee a son indeed; and thou shalt call his name Isaac: and I will establish my covenant with him for an everlasting covenant, and with his seed after him. <span class="ver">20</span>And as for Ishmael, I have heard thee: Behold, I have blessed him, and will make him fruitful, and will multiply him exceeM
dingly; twelve princes shall he beget, and I will make him a great nation. <span class="ver">21</span>But my covenant will I establish with Isaac, which Sarah shall bear unto thee at this set time in the next year. <span class="ver">22</span>And he left off talking with him, and God went up from Abraham. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And Abraham took Ishmael his son, and all that were born in his house, and all that were bought with his money, every male among the men of Abraham
s house; and circumcised thM
e flesh of their foreskin in the selfsame day, as God had said unto him. <span class="ver">24</span>And Abraham was ninety years old and nine, when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin. <span class="ver">25</span>And Ishmael his son was thirteen years old, when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin. <span class="ver">26</span>In the selfsame day was Abraham circumcised, and Ishmael his son. <span class="ver">27</span>And all the men of his house, born in the house, and bought with money of the M
stranger, were circumcised with him.
<h2 id="c18">Chapter 18</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD appeared unto him in the plains of Mamre: and he sat in the tent door in the heat of the day; <span class="ver">2</span>And he lift up his eyes and looked, and, lo, three men stood by him: and when he saw them, he ran to meet them from the tent door, and bowed himself toward the ground, <span class="ver">3</span>And said, My Lord, if now I have found favour in thy sight, pass not away, I pray thee, fromM
thy servant: <span class="ver">4</span>Let a little water, I pray you, be fetched, and wash your feet, and rest yourselves under the tree: <span class="ver">5</span>And I will fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort ye your hearts; after that ye shall pass on: for therefore are ye come to your servant. And they said, So do, as thou hast said. <span class="ver">6</span>And Abraham hastened into the tent unto Sarah, and said, Make ready quickly three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make cakes upon the hearth. <spaM
n class="ver">7</span>And Abraham ran unto the herd, and fetcht a calf tender and good, and gave it unto a young man; and he hasted to dress it. <span class="ver">8</span>And he took butter, and milk, and the calf which he had dressed, and set it before them; and he stood by them under the tree, and they did eat. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And they said unto him, Where is Sarah thy wife? And he said, Behold, in the tent. <span class="ver">10</span>And he said, I will certainly return unto thee according toM
the time of life; and, lo, Sarah thy wife shall have a son. And Sarah heard it in the tent door, which was behind him. <span class="ver">11</span>Now Abraham and Sarah were old and well stricken in age; and it ceased to be with Sarah after the manner of women. <span class="ver">12</span>Therefore Sarah laughed within herself, saying, After I am waxed old shall I have pleasure, my lord being old also? <span class="ver">13</span>And the LORD said unto Abraham, Wherefore did Sarah laugh, saying, Shall I of a surety bM
ear a child, which am old? <span class="ver">14</span>Is any thing too hard for the LORD? At the time appointed I will return unto thee, according to the time of life, and Sarah shall have a son. <span class="ver">15</span>Then Sarah denied, saying, I laughed not; for she was afraid. And he said, Nay; but thou didst laugh. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And the men rose up from thence, and looked toward Sodom: and Abraham went with them to bring them on the way. <span class="ver">17</span>And the LORD said, SM
hall I hide from Abraham that thing which I do; <span class="ver">18</span>Seeing that Abraham shall surely become a great and mighty nation, and all the nations of the earth shall be blessed in him? <span class="ver">19</span>For I know him, that he will command his children and his household after him, and they shall keep the way of the LORD, to do justice and judgment; that the LORD may bring upon Abraham that which he hath spoken of him. <span class="ver">20</span>And the LORD said, Because the cry of Sodom andM
Gomorrah is great, and because their sin is very grievous; <span class="ver">21</span>I will go down now, and see whether they have done altogether according to the cry of it, which is come unto me; and if not, I will know. <span class="ver">22</span>And the men turned their faces from thence, and went toward Sodom: but Abraham stood yet before the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And Abraham drew near, and said, Wilt thou also destroy the righteous with the wicked? <span class="ver">24</span>PeradventurM
e there be fifty righteous within the city: wilt thou also destroy and not spare the place for the fifty righteous that are therein? <span class="ver">25</span>That be far from thee to do after this manner, to slay the righteous with the wicked: and that the righteous should be as the wicked, that be far from thee: Shall not the Judge of all the earth do right? <span class="ver">26</span>And the LORD said, If I find in Sodom fifty righteous within the city, then I will spare all the place for their sakes. <span claM
ss="ver">27</span>And Abraham answered and said, Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the Lord, which am but dust and ashes: <span class="ver">28</span>Peradventure there shall lack five of the fifty righteous: wilt thou destroy all the city for lack of five? And he said, If I find there forty and five, I will not destroy it. <span class="ver">29</span>And he spake unto him yet again, and said, Peradventure there shall be forty found there. And he said, I will not do it for forty
s sake. <span class="veM
r">30</span>And he said unto him, Oh let not the Lord be angry, and I will speak: Peradventure there shall thirty be found there. And he said, I will not do it, if I find thirty there. <span class="ver">31</span>And he said, Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the Lord: Peradventure there shall be twenty found there. And he said, I will not destroy it for twenty
s sake. <span class="ver">32</span>And he said, Oh let not the Lord be angry, and I will speak yet but this once: Peradventure ten shall be foM
und there. And he said, I will not destroy it for ten
s sake. <span class="ver">33</span>And the LORD went his way, as soon as he had left communing with Abraham: and Abraham returned unto his place.
<h2 id="c19">Chapter 19</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And there came two angels to Sodom at even; and Lot sat in the gate of Sodom: and Lot seeing them rose up to meet them; and he bowed himself with his face toward the ground; <span class="ver">2</span>And he said, Behold now, my lords, turn in, I pray youM
s house, and tarry all night, and wash your feet, and ye shall rise up early, and go on your ways. And they said, Nay; but we will abide in the street all night. <span class="ver">3</span>And he pressed upon them greatly; and they turned in unto him, and entered into his house; and he made them a feast, and did bake unleavened bread, and they did eat. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>But before they lay down, the men of the city, even the men of Sodom, compassed the house round, both old anM
d young, all the people from every quarter: <span class="ver">5</span>And they called unto Lot, and said unto him, Where are the men which came in to thee this night? bring them out unto us, that we may know them. <span class="ver">6</span>And Lot went out at the door unto them, and shut the door after him, <span class="ver">7</span>And said, I pray you, brethren, do not so wickedly. <span class="ver">8</span>Behold now, I have two daughters which have not known man; let me, I pray you, bring them out unto you, andM
do ye to them as is good in your eyes: only unto these men do nothing; for therefore came they under the shadow of my roof. <span class="ver">9</span>And they said, Stand back. And they said again, This one fellow came in to sojourn, and he will needs be a judge: now will we deal worse with thee, than with them. And they pressed sore upon the man, even Lot, and came near to break the door. <span class="ver">10</span>But the men put forth their hand, and pulled Lot into the house to them, and shut to the door. <spaM
n class="ver">11</span>And they smote the men that were at the door of the house with blindness, both small and great: so that they wearied themselves to find the door. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And the men said unto Lot, Hast thou here any besides? son in law, and thy sons, and thy daughters, and whatsoever thou hast in the city, bring them out of this place: <span class="ver">13</span>For we will destroy this place, because the cry of them is waxen great before the face of the LORD; and the LORD hath sM
ent us to destroy it. <span class="ver">14</span>And Lot went out, and spake unto his sons in law, which married his daughters, and said, Up, get you out of this place; for the LORD will destroy this city. But he seemed as one that mocked unto his sons in law. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And when the morning arose, then the angels hastened Lot, saying, Arise, take thy wife, and thy two daughters, which are here; lest thou be consumed in the iniquity of the city. <span class="ver">16</span>And while he lingM
ered, the men laid hold upon his hand, and upon the hand of his wife, and upon the hand of his two daughters; the LORD being merciful unto him: and they brought him forth, and set him without the city. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that he said, Escape for thy life; look not behind thee, neither stay thou in all the plain; escape to the mountain, lest thou be consumed. <span class="ver">18</span>And Lot said unto them, Oh, not so, my Lord: <span cM
lass="ver">19</span>Behold now, thy servant hath found grace in thy sight, and thou hast magnified thy mercy, which thou hast shewed unto me in saving my life; and I cannot escape to the mountain, lest some evil take me, and I die: <span class="ver">20</span>Behold now, this city is near to flee unto, and it is a little one: Oh, let me escape thither, (is it not a little one?) and my soul shall live. <span class="ver">21</span>And he said unto him, See, I have accepted thee concerning this thing also, that I will nM
ot overthrow this city, for the which thou hast spoken. <span class="ver">22</span>Haste thee, escape thither; for I cannot do any thing till thou be come thither. Therefore the name of the city was called Zoar. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>The sun was risen upon the earth when Lot entered into Zoar. <span class="ver">24</span>Then the LORD rained upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah brimstone and fire from the LORD out of heaven; <span class="ver">25</span>And he overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all M
the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>But his wife looked back from behind him, and she became a pillar of salt. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>And Abraham gat up early in the morning to the place where he stood before the LORD: <span class="ver">28</span>And he looked toward Sodom and Gomorrah, and toward all the land of the plain, and beheld, and, lo, the smoke of the country went up as the smoke of a furnace. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29<M
/span>And it came to pass, when God destroyed the cities of the plain, that God remembered Abraham, and sent Lot out of the midst of the overthrow, when he overthrew the cities in the which Lot dwelt. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>And Lot went up out of Zoar, and dwelt in the mountain, and his two daughters with him; for he feared to dwell in Zoar: and he dwelt in a cave, he and his two daughters. <span class="ver">31</span>And the firstborn said unto the younger, Our father is old, and there is not a man inM
the earth to come in unto us after the manner of all the earth: <span class="ver">32</span>Come, let us make our father drink wine, and we will lie with him, that we may preserve seed of our father. <span class="ver">33</span>And they made their father drink wine that night: and the firstborn went in, and lay with her father; and he perceived not when she lay down, nor when she arose. <span class="ver">34</span>And it came to pass on the morrow, that the firstborn said unto the younger, Behold, I lay yesternight wM
ith my father: let us make him drink wine this night also; and go thou in, and lie with him, that we may preserve seed of our father. <span class="ver">35</span>And they made their father drink wine that night also: and the younger arose, and lay with him; and he perceived not when she lay down, nor when she arose. <span class="ver">36</span>Thus were both the daughters of Lot with child by their father. <span class="ver">37</span>And the firstborn bare a son, and called his name Moab: the same is the father of theM
Moabites unto this day. <span class="ver">38</span>And the younger, she also bare a son, and called his name Ben-ammi: the same is the father of the children of Ammon unto this day.
<h2 id="c20">Chapter 20</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Abraham journeyed from thence toward the south country, and dwelled between Kadesh and Shur, and sojourned in Gerar. <span class="ver">2</span>And Abraham said of Sarah his wife, She is my sister: and Abimelech king of Gerar sent, and took Sarah. <span class="ver">3</sM
pan>But God came to Abimelech in a dream by night, and said to him, Behold, thou art but a dead man, for the woman which thou hast taken; for she is a man
s wife. <span class="ver">4</span>But Abimelech had not come near her: and he said, Lord, wilt thou slay also a righteous nation? <span class="ver">5</span>Said he not unto me, She is my sister? and she, even she herself said, He is my brother: in the integrity of my heart and innocency of my hands have I done this. <span class="ver">6</span>And God said unto hM
im in a dream, Yea, I know that thou didst this in the integrity of thy heart; for I also withheld thee from sinning against me: therefore suffered I thee not to touch her. <span class="ver">7</span>Now therefore restore the man his wife; for he is a prophet, and he shall pray for thee, and thou shalt live: and if thou restore her not, know thou that thou shalt surely die, thou, and all that are thine. <span class="ver">8</span>Therefore Abimelech rose early in the morning, and called all his servants, and told allM
these things in their ears: and the men were sore afraid. <span class="ver">9</span>Then Abimelech called Abraham, and said unto him, What hast thou done unto us? and what have I offended thee, that thou hast brought on me and on my kingdom a great sin? thou hast done deeds unto me that ought not to be done. <span class="ver">10</span>And Abimelech said unto Abraham, What sawest thou, that thou hast done this thing? <span class="ver">11</span>And Abraham said, Because I thought, Surely the fear of God is not in thM
is place; and they will slay me for my wife
s sake. <span class="ver">12</span>And yet indeed she is my sister; she is the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother; and she became my wife. <span class="ver">13</span>And it came to pass, when God caused me to wander from my father
s house, that I said unto her, This is thy kindness which thou shalt shew unto me; at every place whither we shall come, say of me, He is my brother. <span class="ver">14</span>And Abimelech took sheep, and oxen, and meM
nservants, and womenservants, and gave them unto Abraham, and restored him Sarah his wife. <span class="ver">15</span>And Abimelech said, Behold, my land is before thee: dwell where it pleaseth thee. <span class="ver">16</span>And unto Sarah he said, Behold, I have given thy brother a thousand pieces of silver: behold, he is to thee a covering of the eyes, unto all that are with thee, and with all other: thus she was reproved. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>So Abraham prayed unto God: and God healed AbimelechM
, and his wife, and his maidservants; and they bare children. <span class="ver">18</span>For the LORD had fast closed up all the wombs of the house of Abimelech, because of Sarah Abraham
<h2 id="c21">Chapter 21</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD visited Sarah as he had said, and the LORD did unto Sarah as he had spoken. <span class="ver">2</span>For Sarah conceived, and bare Abraham a son in his old age, at the set time of which God had spoken to him. <span class="ver">3</span>And AbrahaM
m called the name of his son that was born unto him, whom Sarah bare to him, Isaac. <span class="ver">4</span>And Abraham circumcised his son Isaac being eight days old, as God had commanded him. <span class="ver">5</span>And Abraham was an hundred years old, when his son Isaac was born unto him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And Sarah said, God hath made me to laugh, so that all that hear will laugh with me. <span class="ver">7</span>And she said, Who would have said unto Abraham, that Sarah should have giveM
n children suck? for I have born him a son in his old age. <span class="ver">8</span>And the child grew, and was weaned: and Abraham made a great feast the same day that Isaac was weaned. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, which she had born unto Abraham, mocking. <span class="ver">10</span>Wherefore she said unto Abraham, Cast out this bondwoman and her son: for the son of this bondwoman shall not be heir with my son, even with Isaac. <span class="ver">11</span>And theM
thing was very grievous in Abraham
s sight because of his son. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And God said unto Abraham, Let it not be grievous in thy sight because of the lad, and because of thy bondwoman; in all that Sarah hath said unto thee, hearken unto her voice; for in Isaac shall thy seed be called. <span class="ver">13</span>And also of the son of the bondwoman will I make a nation, because he is thy seed. <span class="ver">14</span>And Abraham rose up early in the morning, and took bread, and a bM
ottle of water, and gave it unto Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, and the child, and sent her away: and she departed, and wandered in the wilderness of Beer-sheba. <span class="ver">15</span>And the water was spent in the bottle, and she cast the child under one of the shrubs. <span class="ver">16</span>And she went, and sat her down over against him a good way off, as it were a bowshot: for she said, Let me not see the death of the child. And she sat over against him, and lift up her voice, and wept. <span classM
="ver">17</span>And God heard the voice of the lad; and the angel of God called to Hagar out of heaven, and said unto her, What aileth thee, Hagar? fear not; for God hath heard the voice of the lad where he is. <span class="ver">18</span>Arise, lift up the lad, and hold him in thine hand; for I will make him a great nation. <span class="ver">19</span>And God opened her eyes, and she saw a well of water; and she went, and filled the bottle with water, and gave the lad drink. <span class="ver">20</span>And God was wiM
th the lad; and he grew, and dwelt in the wilderness, and became an archer. <span class="ver">21</span>And he dwelt in the wilderness of Paran: and his mother took him a wife out of the land of Egypt. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And it came to pass at that time, that Abimelech and Phichol the chief captain of his host spake unto Abraham, saying, God is with thee in all that thou doest: <span class="ver">23</span>Now therefore swear unto me here by God that thou wilt not deal falsely with me, nor with my soM
s son: but according to the kindness that I have done unto thee, thou shalt do unto me, and to the land wherein thou hast sojourned. <span class="ver">24</span>And Abraham said, I will swear. <span class="ver">25</span>And Abraham reproved Abimelech because of a well of water, which Abimelech
s servants had violently taken away. <span class="ver">26</span>And Abimelech said, I wot not who hath done this thing: neither didst thou tell me, neither yet heard I of it, but to day. <span class="verM
">27</span>And Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them unto Abimelech; and both of them made a covenant. <span class="ver">28</span>And Abraham set seven ewe lambs of the flock by themselves. <span class="ver">29</span>And Abimelech said unto Abraham, What mean these seven ewe lambs which thou hast set by themselves? <span class="ver">30</span>And he said, For these seven ewe lambs shalt thou take of my hand, that they may be a witness unto me, that I have digged this well. <span class="ver">31</span>Wherefore hM
e called that place Beer-sheba; because there they sware both of them. <span class="ver">32</span>Thus they made a covenant at Beer-sheba: then Abimelech rose up, and Phichol the chief captain of his host, and they returned into the land of the Philistines. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>And Abraham planted a grove in Beer-sheba, and called there on the name of the LORD, the everlasting God. <span class="ver">34</span>And Abraham sojourned in the Philistines
<h2 id="c22">Chapter 22</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass after these things, that God did tempt Abraham, and said unto him, Abraham: and he said, Behold, here I am. <span class="ver">2</span>And he said, Take now thy son, thine only son Isaac, whom thou lovest, and get thee into the land of Moriah; and offer him there for a burnt offering upon one of the mountains which I will tell thee of. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And Abraham rose up early in the morning, and saddled his ass, and took two of his young men wiM
th him, and Isaac his son, and clave the wood for the burnt offering, and rose up, and went unto the place of which God had told him. <span class="ver">4</span>Then on the third day Abraham lifted up his eyes, and saw the place afar off. <span class="ver">5</span>And Abraham said unto his young men, Abide ye here with the ass; and I and the lad will go yonder and worship, and come again to you. <span class="ver">6</span>And Abraham took the wood of the burnt offering, and laid it upon Isaac his son; and he took theM
fire in his hand, and a knife; and they went both of them together. <span class="ver">7</span>And Isaac spake unto Abraham his father, and said, My father: and he said, Here am I, my son. And he said, Behold the fire and the wood: but where is the lamb for a burnt offering? <span class="ver">8</span>And Abraham said, My son, God will provide himself a lamb for a burnt offering: so they went both of them together. <span class="ver">9</span>And they came to the place which God had told him of; and Abraham built an aM
ltar there, and laid the wood in order, and bound Isaac his son, and laid him on the altar upon the wood. <span class="ver">10</span>And Abraham stretched forth his hand, and took the knife to slay his son. <span class="ver">11</span>And the angel of the LORD called unto him out of heaven, and said, Abraham, Abraham: and he said, Here am I. <span class="ver">12</span>And he said, Lay not thine hand upon the lad, neither do thou any thing unto him: for now I know that thou fearest God, seeing thou hast not withheld M
thy son, thine only son from me. <span class="ver">13</span>And Abraham lifted up his eyes, and looked, and behold behind him a ram caught in a thicket by his horns: and Abraham went and took the ram, and offered him up for a burnt offering in the stead of his son. <span class="ver">14</span>And Abraham called the name of that place Jehovah-jireh: as it is said to this day, In the mount of the LORD it shall be seen. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And the angel of the LORD called unto Abraham out of heaven theM
second time, <span class="ver">16</span>And said, By myself have I sworn, saith the LORD, for because thou hast done this thing, and hast not withheld thy son, thine only son: <span class="ver">17</span>That in blessing I will bless thee, and in multiplying I will multiply thy seed as the stars of the heaven, and as the sand which is upon the sea shore; and thy seed shall possess the gate of his enemies; <span class="ver">18</span>And in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed; because thou hast obeM
yed my voice. <span class="ver">19</span>So Abraham returned unto his young men, and they rose up and went together to Beer-sheba; and Abraham dwelt at Beer-sheba. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And it came to pass after these things, that it was told Abraham, saying, Behold, Milcah, she hath also born children unto thy brother Nahor; <span class="ver">21</span>Huz his firstborn, and Buz his brother, and Kemuel the father of Aram, <span class="ver">22</span>And Chesed, and Hazo, and Pildash, and Jidlaph, and M
Bethuel. <span class="ver">23</span>And Bethuel begat Rebekah: these eight Milcah did bear to Nahor, Abraham
s brother. <span class="ver">24</span>And his concubine, whose name was Reumah, she bare also Tebah, and Gaham, and Thahash, and Maachah.
<h2 id="c23">Chapter 23</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Sarah was an hundred and seven and twenty years old: these were the years of the life of Sarah. <span class="ver">2</span>And Sarah died in Kirjath-arba; the same is Hebron in the land of Canaan: and AbrM
aham came to mourn for Sarah, and to weep for her. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And Abraham stood up from before his dead, and spake unto the sons of Heth, saying, <span class="ver">4</span>I am a stranger and a sojourner with you: give me a possession of a buryingplace with you, that I may bury my dead out of my sight. <span class="ver">5</span>And the children of Heth answered Abraham, saying unto him, <span class="ver">6</span>Hear us, my lord: thou art a mighty prince among us: in the choice of our sepulM
chres bury thy dead; none of us shall withhold from thee his sepulchre, but that thou mayest bury thy dead. <span class="ver">7</span>And Abraham stood up, and bowed himself to the people of the land, even to the children of Heth. <span class="ver">8</span>And he communed with them, saying, If it be your mind that I should bury my dead out of my sight; hear me, and intreat for me to Ephron the son of Zohar, <span class="ver">9</span>That he may give me the cave of Machpelah, which he hath, which is in the end of hiM
s field; for as much money as it is worth he shall give it me for a possession of a buryingplace amongst you. <span class="ver">10</span>And Ephron dwelt among the children of Heth: and Ephron the Hittite answered Abraham in the audience of the children of Heth, even of all that went in at the gate of his city, saying, <span class="ver">11</span>Nay, my lord, hear me: the field give I thee, and the cave that is therein, I give it thee; in the presence of the sons of my people give I it thee: bury thy dead. <span clM
ass="ver">12</span>And Abraham bowed down himself before the people of the land. <span class="ver">13</span>And he spake unto Ephron in the audience of the people of the land, saying, But if thou wilt give it, I pray thee, hear me: I will give thee money for the field; take it of me, and I will bury my dead there. <span class="ver">14</span>And Ephron answered Abraham, saying unto him, <span class="ver">15</span>My lord, hearken unto me: the land is worth four hundred shekels of silver; what is that betwixt me and M
thee? bury therefore thy dead. <span class="ver">16</span>And Abraham hearkened unto Ephron; and Abraham weighed to Ephron the silver, which he had named in the audience of the sons of Heth, four hundred shekels of silver, current money with the merchant. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And the field of Ephron, which was in Machpelah, which was before Mamre, the field, and the cave which was therein, and all the trees that were in the field, that were in all the borders round about, were made sure <span class=M
"ver">18</span>Unto Abraham for a possession in the presence of the children of Heth, before all that went in at the gate of his city. <span class="ver">19</span>And after this, Abraham buried Sarah his wife in the cave of the field of Machpelah before Mamre: the same is Hebron in the land of Canaan. <span class="ver">20</span>And the field, and the cave that is therein, were made sure unto Abraham for a possession of a buryingplace by the sons of Heth.
<h2 id="c24">Chapter 24</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</spaM
n>And Abraham was old, and well stricken in age: and the LORD had blessed Abraham in all things. <span class="ver">2</span>And Abraham said unto his eldest servant of his house, that ruled over all that he had, Put, I pray thee, thy hand under my thigh: <span class="ver">3</span>And I will make thee swear by the LORD, the God of heaven, and the God of the earth, that thou shalt not take a wife unto my son of the daughters of the Canaanites, among whom I dwell: <span class="ver">4</span>But thou shalt go unto my couM
ntry, and to my kindred, and take a wife unto my son Isaac. <span class="ver">5</span>And the servant said unto him, Peradventure the woman will not be willing to follow me unto this land: must I needs bring thy son again unto the land from whence thou camest? <span class="ver">6</span>And Abraham said unto him, Beware thou that thou bring not my son thither again. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>The LORD God of heaven, which took me from my father
s house, and from the land of my kindred, and which spake untM
o me, and that sware unto me, saying, Unto thy seed will I give this land; he shall send his angel before thee, and thou shalt take a wife unto my son from thence. <span class="ver">8</span>And if the woman will not be willing to follow thee, then thou shalt be clear from this my oath: only bring not my son thither again. <span class="ver">9</span>And the servant put his hand under the thigh of Abraham his master, and sware to him concerning that matter. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And the servant took tenM
camels of the camels of his master, and departed; for all the goods of his master were in his hand: and he arose, and went to Mesopotamia, unto the city of Nahor. <span class="ver">11</span>And he made his camels to kneel down without the city by a well of water at the time of the evening, even the time that women go out to draw water. <span class="ver">12</span>And he said, O LORD God of my master Abraham, I pray thee, send me good speed this day, and shew kindness unto my master Abraham. <span class="ver">13</spM
an>Behold, I stand here by the well of water; and the daughters of the men of the city come out to draw water: <span class="ver">14</span>And let it come to pass, that the damsel to whom I shall say, Let down thy pitcher, I pray thee, that I may drink; and she shall say, Drink, and I will give thy camels drink also: let the same be she that thou hast appointed for thy servant Isaac; and thereby shall I know that thou hast shewed kindness unto my master. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And it came to pass, befoM
re he had done speaking, that, behold, Rebekah came out, who was born to Bethuel, son of Milcah, the wife of Nahor, Abraham
s brother, with her pitcher upon her shoulder. <span class="ver">16</span>And the damsel was very fair to look upon, a virgin, neither had any man known her: and she went down to the well, and filled her pitcher, and came up. <span class="ver">17</span>And the servant ran to meet her, and said, Let me, I pray thee, drink a little water of thy pitcher. <span class="ver">18</span>And she said,M
Drink, my lord: and she hasted, and let down her pitcher upon her hand, and gave him drink. <span class="ver">19</span>And when she had done giving him drink, she said, I will draw water for thy camels also, until they have done drinking. <span class="ver">20</span>And she hasted, and emptied her pitcher into the trough, and ran again unto the well to draw water, and drew for all his camels. <span class="ver">21</span>And the man wondering at her held his peace, to wit whether the LORD had made his journey prosperM
ous or not. <span class="ver">22</span>And it came to pass, as the camels had done drinking, that the man took a golden earring of half a shekel weight, and two bracelets for her hands of ten shekels weight of gold; <span class="ver">23</span>And said, Whose daughter art thou? tell me, I pray thee: is there room in thy father
s house for us to lodge in? <span class="ver">24</span>And she said unto him, I am the daughter of Bethuel the son of Milcah, which she bare unto Nahor. <span class="ver">25</span>She said mM
oreover unto him, We have both straw and provender enough, and room to lodge in. <span class="ver">26</span>And the man bowed down his head, and worshipped the LORD. <span class="ver">27</span>And he said, Blessed be the LORD God of my master Abraham, who hath not left destitute my master of his mercy and his truth: I being in the way, the LORD led me to the house of my master
s brethren. <span class="ver">28</span>And the damsel ran, and told them of her mother
s house these things. </p>
<p><span class="ver"M
>29</span>And Rebekah had a brother, and his name was Laban: and Laban ran out unto the man, unto the well. <span class="ver">30</span>And it came to pass, when he saw the earring and bracelets upon his sister
s hands, and when he heard the words of Rebekah his sister, saying, Thus spake the man unto me; that he came unto the man; and, behold, he stood by the camels at the well. <span class="ver">31</span>And he said, Come in, thou blessed of the LORD; wherefore standest thou without? for I have prepared the housM
e, and room for the camels. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>And the man came into the house: and he ungirded his camels, and gave straw and provender for the camels, and water to wash his feet, and the men
s feet that were with him. <span class="ver">33</span>And there was set meat before him to eat: but he said, I will not eat, until I have told mine errand. And he said, Speak on. <span class="ver">34</span>And he said, I am Abraham
s servant. <span class="ver">35</span>And the LORD hath blessed my masterM
greatly; and he is become great: and he hath given him flocks, and herds, and silver, and gold, and menservants, and maidservants, and camels, and asses. <span class="ver">36</span>And Sarah my master
s wife bare a son to my master when she was old: and unto him hath he given all that he hath. <span class="ver">37</span>And my master made me swear, saying, Thou shalt not take a wife to my son of the daughters of the Canaanites, in whose land I dwell: <span class="ver">38</span>But thou shalt go unto my father
s house, and to my kindred, and take a wife unto my son. <span class="ver">39</span>And I said unto my master, Peradventure the woman will not follow me. <span class="ver">40</span>And he said unto me, The LORD, before whom I walk, will send his angel with thee, and prosper thy way; and thou shalt take a wife for my son of my kindred, and of my father
s house: <span class="ver">41</span>Then shalt thou be clear from this my oath, when thou comest to my kindred; and if they give not thee one, thou shalt be clear fM
rom my oath. <span class="ver">42</span>And I came this day unto the well, and said, O LORD God of my master Abraham, if now thou do prosper my way which I go: <span class="ver">43</span>Behold, I stand by the well of water; and it shall come to pass, that when the virgin cometh forth to draw water, and I say to her, Give me, I pray thee, a little water of thy pitcher to drink; <span class="ver">44</span>And she say to me, Both drink thou, and I will also draw for thy camels: let the same be the woman whom the LORDM
hath appointed out for my master
s son. <span class="ver">45</span>And before I had done speaking in mine heart, behold, Rebekah came forth with her pitcher on her shoulder; and she went down unto the well, and drew water: and I said unto her, Let me drink, I pray thee. <span class="ver">46</span>And she made haste, and let down her pitcher from her shoulder, and said, Drink, and I will give thy camels drink also: so I drank, and she made the camels drink also. <span class="ver">47</span>And I asked her, and saiM
d, Whose daughter art thou? And she said, The daughter of Bethuel, Nahor
s son, whom Milcah bare unto him: and I put the earring upon her face, and the bracelets upon her hands. <span class="ver">48</span>And I bowed down my head, and worshipped the LORD, and blessed the LORD God of my master Abraham, which had led me in the right way to take my master
s daughter unto his son. <span class="ver">49</span>And now if ye will deal kindly and truly with my master, tell me: and if not, tell me; that I mayM
turn to the right hand, or to the left. <span class="ver">50</span>Then Laban and Bethuel answered and said, The thing proceedeth from the LORD: we cannot speak unto thee bad or good. <span class="ver">51</span>Behold, Rebekah is before thee, take her, and go, and let her be thy master
s wife, as the LORD hath spoken. <span class="ver">52</span>And it came to pass, that, when Abraham
s servant heard their words, he worshipped the LORD, bowing himself to the earth. <span class="ver">53</span>And the serM
vant brought forth jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and raiment, and gave them to Rebekah: he gave also to her brother and to her mother precious things. <span class="ver">54</span>And they did eat and drink, he and the men that were with him, and tarried all night; and they rose up in the morning, and he said, Send me away unto my master. <span class="ver">55</span>And her brother and her mother said, Let the damsel abide with us a few days, at the least ten; after that she shall go. <span class="ver">56</spaM
n>And he said unto them, Hinder me not, seeing the LORD hath prospered my way; send me away that I may go to my master. <span class="ver">57</span>And they said, We will call the damsel, and enquire at her mouth. <span class="ver">58</span>And they called Rebekah, and said unto her, Wilt thou go with this man? And she said, I will go. <span class="ver">59</span>And they sent away Rebekah their sister, and her nurse, and Abraham
s servant, and his men. <span class="ver">60</span>And they blessed Rebekah, and said M
unto her, Thou art our sister, be thou the mother of thousands of millions, and let thy seed possess the gate of those which hate them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">61</span>And Rebekah arose, and her damsels, and they rode upon the camels, and followed the man: and the servant took Rebekah, and went his way. <span class="ver">62</span>And Isaac came from the way of the well Lahai-roi; for he dwelt in the south country. <span class="ver">63</span>And Isaac went out to meditate in the field at the eventide: and he liM
fted up his eyes, and saw, and, behold, the camels were coming. <span class="ver">64</span>And Rebekah lifted up her eyes, and when she saw Isaac, she lighted off the camel. <span class="ver">65</span>For she had said unto the servant, What man is this that walketh in the field to meet us? And the servant had said, It is my master: therefore she took a vail, and covered herself. <span class="ver">66</span>And the servant told Isaac all things that he had done. <span class="ver">67</span>And Isaac brought her into hM
s tent, and took Rebekah, and she became his wife; and he loved her: and Isaac was comforted after his mother
<h2 id="c25">Chapter 25</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then again Abraham took a wife, and her name was Keturah. <span class="ver">2</span>And she bare him Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah. <span class="ver">3</span>And Jokshan begat Sheba, and Dedan. And the sons of Dedan were Asshurim, and Letushim, and Leummim. <span class="ver">4</spM
an>And the sons of Midian; Ephah, and Epher, and Hanoch, and Abidah, and Eldaah. All these were the children of Keturah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And Abraham gave all that he had unto Isaac. <span class="ver">6</span>But unto the sons of the concubines, which Abraham had, Abraham gave gifts, and sent them away from Isaac his son, while he yet lived, eastward, unto the east country. <span class="ver">7</span>And these are the days of the years of Abraham
s life which he lived, an hundred threescore and M
fifteen years. <span class="ver">8</span>Then Abraham gave up the ghost, and died in a good old age, an old man, and full of years; and was gathered to his people. <span class="ver">9</span>And his sons Isaac and Ishmael buried him in the cave of Machpelah, in the field of Ephron the son of Zohar the Hittite, which is before Mamre; <span class="ver">10</span>The field which Abraham purchased of the sons of Heth: there was Abraham buried, and Sarah his wife. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And it came to pass aM
fter the death of Abraham, that God blessed his son Isaac; and Isaac dwelt by the well Lahai-roi. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Now these are the generations of Ishmael, Abraham
s son, whom Hagar the Egyptian, Sarah
s handmaid, bare unto Abraham: <span class="ver">13</span>And these are the names of the sons of Ishmael, by their names, according to their generations: the firstborn of Ishmael, Nebajoth; and Kedar, and Adbeel, and Mibsam, <span class="ver">14</span>And Mishma, and Dumah, and Massa, <span cM
lass="ver">15</span>Hadar, and Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah: <span class="ver">16</span>These are the sons of Ishmael, and these are their names, by their towns, and by their castles; twelve princes according to their nations. <span class="ver">17</span>And these are the years of the life of Ishmael, an hundred and thirty and seven years: and he gave up the ghost and died; and was gathered unto his people. <span class="ver">18</span>And they dwelt from Havilah unto Shur, that is before Egypt, as thou goest towM
ard Assyria: and he died in the presence of all his brethren. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And these are the generations of Isaac, Abraham
s son: Abraham begat Isaac: <span class="ver">20</span>And Isaac was forty years old when he took Rebekah to wife, the daughter of Bethuel the Syrian of Padan-aram, the sister to Laban the Syrian. <span class="ver">21</span>And Isaac intreated the LORD for his wife, because she was barren: and the LORD was intreated of him, and Rebekah his wife conceived. <span class="M
ver">22</span>And the children struggled together within her; and she said, If it be so, why am I thus? And she went to enquire of the LORD. <span class="ver">23</span>And the LORD said unto her, Two nations are in thy womb, and two manner of people shall be separated from thy bowels; and the one people shall be stronger than the other people; and the elder shall serve the younger. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And when her days to be delivered were fulfilled, behold, there were twins in her womb. <span clasM
s="ver">25</span>And the first came out red, all over like an hairy garment; and they called his name Esau. <span class="ver">26</span>And after that came his brother out, and his hand took hold on Esau
s heel; and his name was called Jacob: and Isaac was threescore years old when she bare them. <span class="ver">27</span>And the boys grew: and Esau was a cunning hunter, a man of the field; and Jacob was a plain man, dwelling in tents. <span class="ver">28</span>And Isaac loved Esau, because he did eat of his venM
ison: but Rebekah loved Jacob. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>And Jacob sod pottage: and Esau came from the field, and he was faint: <span class="ver">30</span>And Esau said to Jacob, Feed me, I pray thee, with that same red pottage; for I am faint: therefore was his name called Edom. <span class="ver">31</span>And Jacob said, Sell me this day thy birthright. <span class="ver">32</span>And Esau said, Behold, I am at the point to die: and what profit shall this birthright do to me? <span class="ver">33</span>AM
nd Jacob said, Swear to me this day; and he sware unto him: and he sold his birthright unto Jacob. <span class="ver">34</span>Then Jacob gave Esau bread and pottage of lentiles; and he did eat and drink, and rose up, and went his way: thus Esau despised his birthright.
<h2 id="c26">Chapter 26</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And there was a famine in the land, beside the first famine that was in the days of Abraham. And Isaac went unto Abimelech king of the Philistines unto Gerar. <span class="ver">2</span>AM
nd the LORD appeared unto him, and said, Go not down into Egypt; dwell in the land which I shall tell thee of: <span class="ver">3</span>Sojourn in this land, and I will be with thee, and will bless thee; for unto thee, and unto thy seed, I will give all these countries, and I will perform the oath which I sware unto Abraham thy father; <span class="ver">4</span>And I will make thy seed to multiply as the stars of heaven, and will give unto thy seed all these countries; and in thy seed shall all the nations of the M
earth be blessed; <span class="ver">5</span>Because that Abraham obeyed my voice, and kept my charge, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And Isaac dwelt in Gerar: <span class="ver">7</span>And the men of the place asked him of his wife; and he said, She is my sister: for he feared to say, She is my wife; lest, said he, the men of the place should kill me for Rebekah; because she was fair to look upon. <span class="ver">8</span>And it came to pass, when he had been there aM
long time, that Abimelech king of the Philistines looked out at a window, and saw, and, behold, Isaac was sporting with Rebekah his wife. <span class="ver">9</span>And Abimelech called Isaac, and said, Behold, of a surety she is thy wife: and how saidst thou, She is my sister? And Isaac said unto him, Because I said, Lest I die for her. <span class="ver">10</span>And Abimelech said, What is this thou hast done unto us? one of the people might lightly have lien with thy wife, and thou shouldest have brought guiltinM
ess upon us. <span class="ver">11</span>And Abimelech charged all his people, saying, He that toucheth this man or his wife shall surely be put to death. <span class="ver">12</span>Then Isaac sowed in that land, and received in the same year an hundredfold: and the LORD blessed him. <span class="ver">13</span>And the man waxed great, and went forward, and grew until he became very great: <span class="ver">14</span>For he had possession of flocks, and possession of herds, and great store of servants: and the PhilistM
ines envied him. <span class="ver">15</span>For all the wells which his father
s servants had digged in the days of Abraham his father, the Philistines had stopped them, and filled them with earth. <span class="ver">16</span>And Abimelech said unto Isaac, Go from us; for thou art much mightier than we. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And Isaac departed thence, and pitched his tent in the valley of Gerar, and dwelt there. <span class="ver">18</span>And Isaac digged again the wells of water, which they had digM
ged in the days of Abraham his father; for the Philistines had stopped them after the death of Abraham: and he called their names after the names by which his father had called them. <span class="ver">19</span>And Isaac
s servants digged in the valley, and found there a well of springing water. <span class="ver">20</span>And the herdmen of Gerar did strive with Isaac
s herdmen, saying, The water is ours: and he called the name of the well Esek; because they strove with him. <span class="ver">21</span>And they dM
igged another well, and strove for that also: and he called the name of it Sitnah. <span class="ver">22</span>And he removed from thence, and digged another well; and for that they strove not: and he called the name of it Rehoboth; and he said, For now the LORD hath made room for us, and we shall be fruitful in the land. <span class="ver">23</span>And he went up from thence to Beer-sheba. <span class="ver">24</span>And the LORD appeared unto him the same night, and said, I am the God of Abraham thy father: fear notM
, for I am with thee, and will bless thee, and multiply thy seed for my servant Abraham
s sake. <span class="ver">25</span>And he builded an altar there, and called upon the name of the LORD, and pitched his tent there: and there Isaac
s servants digged a well. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>Then Abimelech went to him from Gerar, and Ahuzzath one of his friends, and Phichol the chief captain of his army. <span class="ver">27</span>And Isaac said unto them, Wherefore come ye to me, seeing ye hate me, and hM
ave sent me away from you? <span class="ver">28</span>And they said, We saw certainly that the LORD was with thee: and we said, Let there be now an oath betwixt us, even betwixt us and thee, and let us make a covenant with thee; <span class="ver">29</span>That thou wilt do us no hurt, as we have not touched thee, and as we have done unto thee nothing but good, and have sent thee away in peace: thou art now the blessed of the LORD. <span class="ver">30</span>And he made them a feast, and they did eat and drink. <spaM
n class="ver">31</span>And they rose up betimes in the morning, and sware one to another: and Isaac sent them away, and they departed from him in peace. <span class="ver">32</span>And it came to pass the same day, that Isaac
s servants came, and told him concerning the well which they had digged, and said unto him, We have found water. <span class="ver">33</span>And he called it Shebah: therefore the name of the city is Beer-sheba unto this day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">34</span>And Esau was forty years old whM
en he took to wife Judith the daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and Bashemath the daughter of Elon the Hittite: <span class="ver">35</span>Which were a grief of mind unto Isaac and to Rebekah.
<h2 id="c27">Chapter 27</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass, that when Isaac was old, and his eyes were dim, so that he could not see, he called Esau his eldest son, and said unto him, My son: and he said unto him, Behold, here am I. <span class="ver">2</span>And he said, Behold now, I am old, I know not M
the day of my death: <span class="ver">3</span>Now therefore take, I pray thee, thy weapons, thy quiver and thy bow, and go out to the field, and take me some venison; <span class="ver">4</span>And make me savoury meat, such as I love, and bring it to me, that I may eat; that my soul may bless thee before I die. <span class="ver">5</span>And Rebekah heard when Isaac spake to Esau his son. And Esau went to the field to hunt for venison, and to bring it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And Rebekah spake unto JacoM
b her son, saying, Behold, I heard thy father speak unto Esau thy brother, saying, <span class="ver">7</span>Bring me venison, and make me savoury meat, that I may eat, and bless thee before the LORD before my death. <span class="ver">8</span>Now therefore, my son, obey my voice according to that which I command thee. <span class="ver">9</span>Go now to the flock, and fetch me from thence two good kids of the goats; and I will make them savoury meat for thy father, such as he loveth: <span class="ver">10</span>And M
thou shalt bring it to thy father, that he may eat, and that he may bless thee before his death. <span class="ver">11</span>And Jacob said to Rebekah his mother, Behold, Esau my brother is a hairy man, and I am a smooth man: <span class="ver">12</span>My father peradventure will feel me, and I shall seem to him as a deceiver; and I shall bring a curse upon me, and not a blessing. <span class="ver">13</span>And his mother said unto him, Upon me be thy curse, my son: only obey my voice, and go fetch me them. <span clM
ass="ver">14</span>And he went, and fetched, and brought them to his mother: and his mother made savoury meat, such as his father loved. <span class="ver">15</span>And Rebekah took goodly raiment of her eldest son Esau, which were with her in the house, and put them upon Jacob her younger son: <span class="ver">16</span>And she put the skins of the kids of the goats upon his hands, and upon the smooth of his neck: <span class="ver">17</span>And she gave the savoury meat and the bread, which she had prepared, into tM
he hand of her son Jacob. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And he came unto his father, and said, My father: and he said, Here am I; who art thou, my son? <span class="ver">19</span>And Jacob said unto his father, I am Esau thy firstborn; I have done according as thou badest me: arise, I pray thee, sit and eat of my venison, that thy soul may bless me. <span class="ver">20</span>And Isaac said unto his son, How is it that thou hast found it so quickly, my son? And he said, Because the LORD thy God brought it toM
me. <span class="ver">21</span>And Isaac said unto Jacob, Come near, I pray thee, that I may feel thee, my son, whether thou be my very son Esau or not. <span class="ver">22</span>And Jacob went near unto Isaac his father; and he felt him, and said, The voice is Jacob
s voice, but the hands are the hands of Esau. <span class="ver">23</span>And he discerned him not, because his hands were hairy, as his brother Esau
s hands: so he blessed him. <span class="ver">24</span>And he said, Art thou my very son Esau? AnM
d he said, I am. <span class="ver">25</span>And he said, Bring it near to me, and I will eat of my son
s venison, that my soul may bless thee. And he brought it near to him, and he did eat: and he brought him wine, and he drank. <span class="ver">26</span>And his father Isaac said unto him, Come near now, and kiss me, my son. <span class="ver">27</span>And he came near, and kissed him: and he smelled the smell of his raiment, and blessed him, and said, See, the smell of my son is as the smell of a field which theM
LORD hath blessed: <span class="ver">28</span>Therefore God give thee of the dew of heaven, and the fatness of the earth, and plenty of corn and wine: <span class="ver">29</span>Let people serve thee, and nations bow down to thee: be lord over thy brethren, and let thy mother
s sons bow down to thee: cursed be every one that curseth thee, and blessed be he that blesseth thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>And it came to pass, as soon as Isaac had made an end of blessing Jacob, and Jacob was yet scarce gonM
e out from the presence of Isaac his father, that Esau his brother came in from his hunting. <span class="ver">31</span>And he also had made savoury meat, and brought it unto his father, and said unto his father, Let my father arise, and eat of his son
s venison, that thy soul may bless me. <span class="ver">32</span>And Isaac his father said unto him, Who art thou? And he said, I am thy son, thy firstborn Esau. <span class="ver">33</span>And Isaac trembled very exceedingly, and said, Who? where is he that hath tM
aken venison, and brought it me, and I have eaten of all before thou camest, and have blessed him? yea, and he shall be blessed. <span class="ver">34</span>And when Esau heard the words of his father, he cried with a great and exceeding bitter cry, and said unto his father, Bless me, even me also, O my father. <span class="ver">35</span>And he said, Thy brother came with subtilty, and hath taken away thy blessing. <span class="ver">36</span>And he said, Is not he rightly named Jacob? for he hath supplanted me theseM
two times: he took away my birthright; and, behold, now he hath taken away my blessing. And he said, Hast thou not reserved a blessing for me? <span class="ver">37</span>And Isaac answered and said unto Esau, Behold, I have made him thy lord, and all his brethren have I given to him for servants; and with corn and wine have I sustained him: and what shall I do now unto thee, my son? <span class="ver">38</span>And Esau said unto his father, Hast thou but one blessing, my father? bless me, even me also, O my father.M
And Esau lifted up his voice, and wept. <span class="ver">39</span>And Isaac his father answered and said unto him, Behold, thy dwelling shall be the fatness of the earth, and of the dew of heaven from above; <span class="ver">40</span>And by thy sword shalt thou live, and shalt serve thy brother; and it shall come to pass when thou shalt have the dominion, that thou shalt break his yoke from off thy neck. </p>
<p><span class="ver">41</span>And Esau hated Jacob because of the blessing wherewith his father blesseM
d him: and Esau said in his heart, The days of mourning for my father are at hand; then will I slay my brother Jacob. <span class="ver">42</span>And these words of Esau her elder son were told to Rebekah: and she sent and called Jacob her younger son, and said unto him, Behold, thy brother Esau, as touching thee, doth comfort himself, purposing to kill thee. <span class="ver">43</span>Now therefore, my son, obey my voice; and arise, flee thou to Laban my brother to Haran; <span class="ver">44</span>And tarry with hM
im a few days, until thy brother
s fury turn away; <span class="ver">45</span>Until thy brother
s anger turn away from thee, and he forget that which thou hast done to him: then I will send, and fetch thee from thence: why should I be deprived also of you both in one day? <span class="ver">46</span>And Rebekah said to Isaac, I am weary of my life because of the daughters of Heth: if Jacob take a wife of the daughters of Heth, such as these which are of the daughters of the land, what good shall my life do me?
<h2 id="c28">Chapter 28</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Isaac called Jacob, and blessed him, and charged him, and said unto him, Thou shalt not take a wife of the daughters of Canaan. <span class="ver">2</span>Arise, go to Padan-aram, to the house of Bethuel thy mother
s father; and take thee a wife from thence of the daughters of Laban thy mother
s brother. <span class="ver">3</span>And God Almighty bless thee, and make thee fruitful, and multiply thee, that thou mayest be a multitude of people; <spM
an class="ver">4</span>And give thee the blessing of Abraham, to thee, and to thy seed with thee; that thou mayest inherit the land wherein thou art a stranger, which God gave unto Abraham. <span class="ver">5</span>And Isaac sent away Jacob: and he went to Padan-aram unto Laban, son of Bethuel the Syrian, the brother of Rebekah, Jacob
<p><span class="ver">6</span>When Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob, and sent him away to Padan-aram, to take him a wife from thence; and that as M
he blessed him he gave him a charge, saying, Thou shalt not take a wife of the daughters of Canaan; <span class="ver">7</span>And that Jacob obeyed his father and his mother, and was gone to Padan-aram; <span class="ver">8</span>And Esau seeing that the daughters of Canaan pleased not Isaac his father; <span class="ver">9</span>Then went Esau unto Ishmael, and took unto the wives which he had Mahalath the daughter of Ishmael Abraham
s son, the sister of Nebajoth, to be his wife. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</spM
an>And Jacob went out from Beer-sheba, and went toward Haran. <span class="ver">11</span>And he lighted upon a certain place, and tarried there all night, because the sun was set; and he took of the stones of that place, and put them for his pillows, and lay down in that place to sleep. <span class="ver">12</span>And he dreamed, and behold a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven: and behold the angels of God ascending and descending on it. <span class="ver">13</span>And, behold, the LORD sM
tood above it, and said, I am the LORD God of Abraham thy father, and the God of Isaac: the land whereon thou liest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed; <span class="ver">14</span>And thy seed shall be as the dust of the earth, and thou shalt spread abroad to the west, and to the east, and to the north, and to the south: and in thee and in thy seed shall all the families of the earth be blessed. <span class="ver">15</span>And, behold, I am with thee, and will keep thee in all places whither thou goest, and wilM
l bring thee again into this land; for I will not leave thee, until I have done that which I have spoken to thee of. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And Jacob awaked out of his sleep, and he said, Surely the LORD is in this place; and I knew it not. <span class="ver">17</span>And he was afraid, and said, How dreadful is this place! this is none other but the house of God, and this is the gate of heaven. <span class="ver">18</span>And Jacob rose up early in the morning, and took the stone that he had put for hiM
s pillows, and set it up for a pillar, and poured oil upon the top of it. <span class="ver">19</span>And he called the name of that place Beth-el: but the name of that city was called Luz at the first. <span class="ver">20</span>And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, If God will be with me, and will keep me in this way that I go, and will give me bread to eat, and raiment to put on, <span class="ver">21</span>So that I come again to my father
s house in peace; then shall the LORD be my God: <span class="ver">22</span>AndM
this stone, which I have set for a pillar, shall be God
s house: and of all that thou shalt give me I will surely give the tenth unto thee.
<h2 id="c29">Chapter 29</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then Jacob went on his journey, and came into the land of the people of the east. <span class="ver">2</span>And he looked, and behold a well in the field, and, lo, there were three flocks of sheep lying by it; for out of that well they watered the flocks: and a great stone was upon the well
s mouth. <span clasM
s="ver">3</span>And thither were all the flocks gathered: and they rolled the stone from the well
s mouth, and watered the sheep, and put the stone again upon the well
s mouth in his place. <span class="ver">4</span>And Jacob said unto them, My brethren, whence be ye? And they said, Of Haran are we. <span class="ver">5</span>And he said unto them, Know ye Laban the son of Nahor? And they said, We know him. <span class="ver">6</span>And he said unto them, Is he well? And they said, He is well: and, behold, RacheM
l his daughter cometh with the sheep. <span class="ver">7</span>And he said, Lo, it is yet high day, neither is it time that the cattle should be gathered together: water ye the sheep, and go and feed them. <span class="ver">8</span>And they said, We cannot, until all the flocks be gathered together, and till they roll the stone from the well
s mouth; then we water the sheep. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And while he yet spake with them, Rachel came with her father
s sheep: for she kept them. <span classM
="ver">10</span>And it came to pass, when Jacob saw Rachel the daughter of Laban his mother
s brother, and the sheep of Laban his mother
s brother, that Jacob went near, and rolled the stone from the well
s mouth, and watered the flock of Laban his mother
s brother. <span class="ver">11</span>And Jacob kissed Rachel, and lifted up his voice, and wept. <span class="ver">12</span>And Jacob told Rachel that he was her father
s brother, and that he was Rebekah
s son: and she ran and told her father. <span cM
lass="ver">13</span>And it came to pass, when Laban heard the tidings of Jacob his sister
s son, that he ran to meet him, and embraced him, and kissed him, and brought him to his house. And he told Laban all these things. <span class="ver">14</span>And Laban said to him, Surely thou art my bone and my flesh. And he abode with him the space of a month. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And Laban said unto Jacob, Because thou art my brother, shouldest thou therefore serve me for nought? tell me, what shall thy wM
ages be? <span class="ver">16</span>And Laban had two daughters: the name of the elder was Leah, and the name of the younger was Rachel. <span class="ver">17</span>Leah was tender eyed; but Rachel was beautiful and well favoured. <span class="ver">18</span>And Jacob loved Rachel; and said, I will serve thee seven years for Rachel thy younger daughter. <span class="ver">19</span>And Laban said, It is better that I give her to thee, than that I should give her to another man: abide with me. <span class="ver">20</spanM
>And Jacob served seven years for Rachel; and they seemed unto him but a few days, for the love he had to her. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And Jacob said unto Laban, Give me my wife, for my days are fulfilled, that I may go in unto her. <span class="ver">22</span>And Laban gathered together all the men of the place, and made a feast. <span class="ver">23</span>And it came to pass in the evening, that he took Leah his daughter, and brought her to him; and he went in unto her. <span class="ver">24</span>And M
Laban gave unto his daughter Leah Zilpah his maid for an handmaid. <span class="ver">25</span>And it came to pass, that in the morning, behold, it was Leah: and he said to Laban, What is this thou hast done unto me? did not I serve with thee for Rachel? wherefore then hast thou beguiled me? <span class="ver">26</span>And Laban said, It must not be so done in our country, to give the younger before the firstborn. <span class="ver">27</span>Fulfil her week, and we will give thee this also for the service which thou sM
halt serve with me yet seven other years. <span class="ver">28</span>And Jacob did so, and fulfilled her week: and he gave him Rachel his daughter to wife also. <span class="ver">29</span>And Laban gave to Rachel his daughter Bilhah his handmaid to be her maid. <span class="ver">30</span>And he went in also unto Rachel, and he loved also Rachel more than Leah, and served with him yet seven other years. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>And when the LORD saw that Leah was hated, he opened her womb: but Rachel wasM
barren. <span class="ver">32</span>And Leah conceived, and bare a son, and she called his name Reuben: for she said, Surely the LORD hath looked upon my affliction; now therefore my husband will love me. <span class="ver">33</span>And she conceived again, and bare a son; and said, Because the LORD hath heard that I was hated, he hath therefore given me this son also: and she called his name Simeon. <span class="ver">34</span>And she conceived again, and bare a son; and said, Now this time will my husband be joinedM
unto me, because I have born him three sons: therefore was his name called Levi. <span class="ver">35</span>And she conceived again, and bare a son: and she said, Now will I praise the LORD: therefore she called his name Judah; and left bearing.
<h2 id="c30">Chapter 30</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And when Rachel saw that she bare Jacob no children, Rachel envied her sister; and said unto Jacob, Give me children, or else I die. <span class="ver">2</span>And Jacob
s anger was kindled against Rachel: anM
d he said, Am I in God
s stead, who hath withheld from thee the fruit of the womb? <span class="ver">3</span>And she said, Behold my maid Bilhah, go in unto her; and she shall bear upon my knees, that I may also have children by her. <span class="ver">4</span>And she gave him Bilhah her handmaid to wife: and Jacob went in unto her. <span class="ver">5</span>And Bilhah conceived, and bare Jacob a son. <span class="ver">6</span>And Rachel said, God hath judged me, and hath also heard my voice, and hath given me a sM
on: therefore called she his name Dan. <span class="ver">7</span>And Bilhah Rachel
s maid conceived again, and bare Jacob a second son. <span class="ver">8</span>And Rachel said, With great wrestlings have I wrestled with my sister, and I have prevailed: and she called his name Naphtali. <span class="ver">9</span>When Leah saw that she had left bearing, she took Zilpah her maid, and gave her Jacob to wife. <span class="ver">10</span>And Zilpah Leah
s maid bare Jacob a son. <span class="ver">11</span>And Leah saM
id, A troop cometh: and she called his name Gad. <span class="ver">12</span>And Zilpah Leah
s maid bare Jacob a second son. <span class="ver">13</span>And Leah said, Happy am I, for the daughters will call me blessed: and she called his name Asher. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And Reuben went in the days of wheat harvest, and found mandrakes in the field, and brought them unto his mother Leah. Then Rachel said to Leah, Give me, I pray thee, of thy son
s mandrakes. <span class="ver">15</span>And she saidM
unto her, Is it a small matter that thou hast taken my husband? and wouldest thou take away my son
s mandrakes also? And Rachel said, Therefore he shall lie with thee to night for thy son
s mandrakes. <span class="ver">16</span>And Jacob came out of the field in the evening, and Leah went out to meet him, and said, Thou must come in unto me; for surely I have hired thee with my son
s mandrakes. And he lay with her that night. <span class="ver">17</span>And God hearkened unto Leah, and she conceived, and bareM
Jacob the fifth son. <span class="ver">18</span>And Leah said, God hath given me my hire, because I have given my maiden to my husband: and she called his name Issachar. <span class="ver">19</span>And Leah conceived again, and bare Jacob the sixth son. <span class="ver">20</span>And Leah said, God hath endued me with a good dowry; now will my husband dwell with me, because I have born him six sons: and she called his name Zebulun. <span class="ver">21</span>And afterwards she bare a daughter, and called her name DM
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And God remembered Rachel, and God hearkened to her, and opened her womb. <span class="ver">23</span>And she conceived, and bare a son; and said, God hath taken away my reproach: <span class="ver">24</span>And she called his name Joseph; and said, The LORD shall add to me another son. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And it came to pass, when Rachel had born Joseph, that Jacob said unto Laban, Send me away, that I may go unto mine own place, and to my country. <span clM
ass="ver">26</span>Give me my wives and my children, for whom I have served thee, and let me go: for thou knowest my service which I have done thee. <span class="ver">27</span>And Laban said unto him, I pray thee, if I have found favour in thine eyes, tarry: for I have learned by experience that the LORD hath blessed me for thy sake. <span class="ver">28</span>And he said, Appoint me thy wages, and I will give it. <span class="ver">29</span>And he said unto him, Thou knowest how I have served thee, and how thy cattM
le was with me. <span class="ver">30</span>For it was little which thou hadst before I came, and it is now increased unto a multitude; and the LORD hath blessed thee since my coming: and now when shall I provide for mine own house also? <span class="ver">31</span>And he said, What shall I give thee? And Jacob said, Thou shalt not give me any thing: if thou wilt do this thing for me, I will again feed and keep thy flock: <span class="ver">32</span>I will pass through all thy flock to day, removing from thence all thM
e speckled and spotted cattle, and all the brown cattle among the sheep, and the spotted and speckled among the goats: and of such shall be my hire. <span class="ver">33</span>So shall my righteousness answer for me in time to come, when it shall come for my hire before thy face: every one that is not speckled and spotted among the goats, and brown among the sheep, that shall be counted stolen with me. <span class="ver">34</span>And Laban said, Behold, I would it might be according to thy word. <span class="ver">35M
</span>And he removed that day the he goats that were ringstraked and spotted, and all the she goats that were speckled and spotted, and every one that had some white in it, and all the brown among the sheep, and gave them into the hand of his sons. <span class="ver">36</span>And he set three days
journey betwixt himself and Jacob: and Jacob fed the rest of Laban
<p><span class="ver">37</span>And Jacob took him rods of green poplar, and of the hazel and chesnut tree; and pilled white strakes iM
n them, and made the white appear which was in the rods. <span class="ver">38</span>And he set the rods which he had pilled before the flocks in the gutters in the watering troughs when the flocks came to drink, that they should conceive when they came to drink. <span class="ver">39</span>And the flocks conceived before the rods, and brought forth cattle ringstraked, speckled, and spotted. <span class="ver">40</span>And Jacob did separate the lambs, and set the faces of the flocks toward the ringstraked, and all thM
e brown in the flock of Laban; and he put his own flocks by themselves, and put them not unto Laban
s cattle. <span class="ver">41</span>And it came to pass, whensoever the stronger cattle did conceive, that Jacob laid the rods before the eyes of the cattle in the gutters, that they might conceive among the rods. <span class="ver">42</span>But when the cattle were feeble, he put them not in: so the feebler were Laban
s, and the stronger Jacob
s. <span class="ver">43</span>And the man increased exceedingly, anM
d had much cattle, and maidservants, and menservants, and camels, and asses.
<h2 id="c31">Chapter 31</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And he heard the words of Laban
s sons, saying, Jacob hath taken away all that was our father
s; and of that which was our father
s hath he gotten all this glory. <span class="ver">2</span>And Jacob beheld the countenance of Laban, and, behold, it was not toward him as before. <span class="ver">3</span>And the LORD said unto Jacob, Return unto the land of thy fathers, anM
d to thy kindred; and I will be with thee. <span class="ver">4</span>And Jacob sent and called Rachel and Leah to the field unto his flock, <span class="ver">5</span>And said unto them, I see your father
s countenance, that it is not toward me as before; but the God of my father hath been with me. <span class="ver">6</span>And ye know that with all my power I have served your father. <span class="ver">7</span>And your father hath deceived me, and changed my wages ten times; but God suffered him not to hurt me. <sM
pan class="ver">8</span>If he said thus, The speckled shall be thy wages; then all the cattle bare speckled: and if he said thus, The ringstraked shall be thy hire; then bare all the cattle ringstraked. <span class="ver">9</span>Thus God hath taken away the cattle of your father, and given them to me. <span class="ver">10</span>And it came to pass at the time that the cattle conceived, that I lifted up mine eyes, and saw in a dream, and, behold, the rams which leaped upon the cattle were ringstraked, speckled, and M
grisled. <span class="ver">11</span>And the angel of God spake unto me in a dream, saying, Jacob: And I said, Here am I. <span class="ver">12</span>And he said, Lift up now thine eyes, and see, all the rams which leap upon the cattle are ringstraked, speckled, and grisled: for I have seen all that Laban doeth unto thee. <span class="ver">13</span>I am the God of Beth-el, where thou anointedst the pillar, and where thou vowedst a vow unto me: now arise, get thee out from this land, and return unto the land of thy kiM
ndred. <span class="ver">14</span>And Rachel and Leah answered and said unto him, Is there yet any portion or inheritance for us in our father
s house? <span class="ver">15</span>Are we not counted of him strangers? for he hath sold us, and hath quite devoured also our money. <span class="ver">16</span>For all the riches which God hath taken from our father, that is ours, and our children
s: now then, whatsoever God hath said unto thee, do. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Then Jacob rose up, and set his soM
ns and his wives upon camels; <span class="ver">18</span>And he carried away all his cattle, and all his goods which he had gotten, the cattle of his getting, which he had gotten in Padan-aram, for to go to Isaac his father in the land of Canaan. <span class="ver">19</span>And Laban went to shear his sheep: and Rachel had stolen the images that were her father
s. <span class="ver">20</span>And Jacob stole away unawares to Laban the Syrian, in that he told him not that he fled. <span class="ver">21</span>So he fleM
d with all that he had; and he rose up, and passed over the river, and set his face toward the mount Gilead. <span class="ver">22</span>And it was told Laban on the third day that Jacob was fled. <span class="ver">23</span>And he took his brethren with him, and pursued after him seven days
journey; and they overtook him in the mount Gilead. <span class="ver">24</span>And God came to Laban the Syrian in a dream by night, and said unto him, Take heed that thou speak not to Jacob either good or bad. </p>
class="ver">25</span>Then Laban overtook Jacob. Now Jacob had pitched his tent in the mount: and Laban with his brethren pitched in the mount of Gilead. <span class="ver">26</span>And Laban said to Jacob, What hast thou done, that thou hast stolen away unawares to me, and carried away my daughters, as captives taken with the sword? <span class="ver">27</span>Wherefore didst thou flee away secretly, and steal away from me; and didst not tell me, that I might have sent thee away with mirth, and with songs, with tabrM
et, and with harp? <span class="ver">28</span>And hast not suffered me to kiss my sons and my daughters? thou hast now done foolishly in so doing. <span class="ver">29</span>It is in the power of my hand to do you hurt: but the God of your father spake unto me yesternight, saying, Take thou heed that thou speak not to Jacob either good or bad. <span class="ver">30</span>And now, though thou wouldest needs be gone, because thou sore longedst after thy father
s house, yet wherefore hast thou stolen my gods? <span cM
lass="ver">31</span>And Jacob answered and said to Laban, Because I was afraid: for I said, Peradventure thou wouldest take by force thy daughters from me. <span class="ver">32</span>With whomsoever thou findest thy gods, let him not live: before our brethren discern thou what is thine with me, and take it to thee. For Jacob knew not that Rachel had stolen them. <span class="ver">33</span>And Laban went into Jacob
s tent, and into Leah
s tent, and into the two maidservants
tents; but he found them not. Then M
s tent, and entered into Rachel
s tent. <span class="ver">34</span>Now Rachel had taken the images, and put them in the camel
s furniture, and sat upon them. And Laban searched all the tent, but found them not. <span class="ver">35</span>And she said to her father, Let it not displease my lord that I cannot rise up before thee; for the custom of women is upon me. And he searched, but found not the images. </p>
<p><span class="ver">36</span>And Jacob was wroth, and chode with Laban: and JM
acob answered and said to Laban, What is my trespass? what is my sin, that thou hast so hotly pursued after me? <span class="ver">37</span>Whereas thou hast searched all my stuff, what hast thou found of all thy household stuff? set it here before my brethren and thy brethren, that they may judge betwixt us both. <span class="ver">38</span>This twenty years have I been with thee; thy ewes and thy she goats have not cast their young, and the rams of thy flock have I not eaten. <span class="ver">39</span>That which wM
as torn of beasts I brought not unto thee; I bare the loss of it; of my hand didst thou require it, whether stolen by day, or stolen by night. <span class="ver">40</span>Thus I was; in the day the drought consumed me, and the frost by night; and my sleep departed from mine eyes. <span class="ver">41</span>Thus have I been twenty years in thy house; I served thee fourteen years for thy two daughters, and six years for thy cattle: and thou hast changed my wages ten times. <span class="ver">42</span>Except the God of M
my father, the God of Abraham, and the fear of Isaac, had been with me, surely thou hadst sent me away now empty. God hath seen mine affliction and the labour of my hands, and rebuked thee yesternight. </p>
<p><span class="ver">43</span>And Laban answered and said unto Jacob, These daughters are my daughters, and these children are my children, and these cattle are my cattle, and all that thou seest is mine: and what can I do this day unto these my daughters, or unto their children which they have born? <span claM
ss="ver">44</span>Now therefore come thou, let us make a covenant, I and thou; and let it be for a witness between me and thee. <span class="ver">45</span>And Jacob took a stone, and set it up for a pillar. <span class="ver">46</span>And Jacob said unto his brethren, Gather stones; and they took stones, and made an heap: and they did eat there upon the heap. <span class="ver">47</span>And Laban called it Jegar-sahadutha: but Jacob called it Galeed. <span class="ver">48</span>And Laban said, This heap is a witness bM
etween me and thee this day. Therefore was the name of it called Galeed; <span class="ver">49</span>And Mizpah; for he said, The LORD watch between me and thee, when we are absent one from another. <span class="ver">50</span>If thou shalt afflict my daughters, or if thou shalt take other wives beside my daughters, no man is with us; see, God is witness betwixt me and thee. <span class="ver">51</span>And Laban said to Jacob, Behold this heap, and behold this pillar, which I have cast betwixt me and thee; <span classM
="ver">52</span>This heap be witness, and this pillar be witness, that I will not pass over this heap to thee, and that thou shalt not pass over this heap and this pillar unto me, for harm. <span class="ver">53</span>The God of Abraham, and the God of Nahor, the God of their father, judge betwixt us. And Jacob sware by the fear of his father Isaac. <span class="ver">54</span>Then Jacob offered sacrifice upon the mount, and called his brethren to eat bread: and they did eat bread, and tarried all night in the mount.M
<span class="ver">55</span>And early in the morning Laban rose up, and kissed his sons and his daughters, and blessed them: and Laban departed, and returned unto his place.
<h2 id="c32">Chapter 32</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Jacob went on his way, and the angels of God met him. <span class="ver">2</span>And when Jacob saw them, he said, This is God
s host: and he called the name of that place Mahanaim. <span class="ver">3</span>And Jacob sent messengers before him to Esau his brother unto the lanM
d of Seir, the country of Edom. <span class="ver">4</span>And he commanded them, saying, Thus shall ye speak unto my lord Esau; Thy servant Jacob saith thus, I have sojourned with Laban, and stayed there until now: <span class="ver">5</span>And I have oxen, and asses, flocks, and menservants, and womenservants: and I have sent to tell my lord, that I may find grace in thy sight. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And the messengers returned to Jacob, saying, We came to thy brother Esau, and also he cometh to meet M
thee, and four hundred men with him. <span class="ver">7</span>Then Jacob was greatly afraid and distressed: and he divided the people that was with him, and the flocks, and herds, and the camels, into two bands; <span class="ver">8</span>And said, If Esau come to the one company, and smite it, then the other company which is left shall escape. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And Jacob said, O God of my father Abraham, and God of my father Isaac, the LORD which saidst unto me, Return unto thy country, and to thM
y kindred, and I will deal well with thee: <span class="ver">10</span>I am not worthy of the least of all the mercies, and of all the truth, which thou hast shewed unto thy servant; for with my staff I passed over this Jordan; and now I am become two bands. <span class="ver">11</span>Deliver me, I pray thee, from the hand of my brother, from the hand of Esau: for I fear him, lest he will come and smite me, and the mother with the children. <span class="ver">12</span>And thou saidst, I will surely do thee good, and M
make thy seed as the sand of the sea, which cannot be numbered for multitude. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And he lodged there that same night; and took of that which came to his hand a present for Esau his brother; <span class="ver">14</span>Two hundred she goats, and twenty he goats, two hundred ewes, and twenty rams, <span class="ver">15</span>Thirty milch camels with their colts, forty kine, and ten bulls, twenty she asses, and ten foals. <span class="ver">16</span>And he delivered them into the hand ofM
his servants, every drove by themselves; and said unto his servants, Pass over before me, and put a space betwixt drove and drove. <span class="ver">17</span>And he commanded the foremost, saying, When Esau my brother meeteth thee, and asketh thee, saying, Whose art thou? and whither goest thou? and whose are these before thee? <span class="ver">18</span>Then thou shalt say, They be thy servant Jacob
s; it is a present sent unto my lord Esau: and, behold, also he is behind us. <span class="ver">19</span>And so cM
ommanded he the second, and the third, and all that followed the droves, saying, On this manner shall ye speak unto Esau, when ye find him. <span class="ver">20</span>And say ye moreover, Behold, thy servant Jacob is behind us. For he said, I will appease him with the present that goeth before me, and afterward I will see his face; peradventure he will accept of me. <span class="ver">21</span>So went the present over before him: and himself lodged that night in the company. <span class="ver">22</span>And he rose upM
that night, and took his two wives, and his two womenservants, and his eleven sons, and passed over the ford Jabbok. <span class="ver">23</span>And he took them, and sent them over the brook, and sent over that he had. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And Jacob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. <span class="ver">25</span>And when he saw that he prevailed not against him, he touched the hollow of his thigh; and the hollow of Jacob
s thigh was out of joint, as he M
wrestled with him. <span class="ver">26</span>And he said, Let me go, for the day breaketh. And he said, I will not let thee go, except thou bless me. <span class="ver">27</span>And he said unto him, What is thy name? And he said, Jacob. <span class="ver">28</span>And he said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for as a prince hast thou power with God and with men, and hast prevailed. <span class="ver">29</span>And Jacob asked him, and said, Tell me, I pray thee, thy name. And he said, Wherefore isM
it that thou dost ask after my name? And he blessed him there. <span class="ver">30</span>And Jacob called the name of the place Peniel: for I have seen God face to face, and my life is preserved. <span class="ver">31</span>And as he passed over Penuel the sun rose upon him, and he halted upon his thigh. <span class="ver">32</span>Therefore the children of Israel eat not of the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day: because he touched the hollow of Jacob
s thigh in the sinew thM
<h2 id="c33">Chapter 33</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Jacob lifted up his eyes, and looked, and, behold, Esau came, and with him four hundred men. And he divided the children unto Leah, and unto Rachel, and unto the two handmaids. <span class="ver">2</span>And he put the handmaids and their children foremost, and Leah and her children after, and Rachel and Joseph hindermost. <span class="ver">3</span>And he passed over before them, and bowed himself to the ground seven times, until he came M
near to his brother. <span class="ver">4</span>And Esau ran to meet him, and embraced him, and fell on his neck, and kissed him: and they wept. <span class="ver">5</span>And he lifted up his eyes, and saw the women and the children; and said, Who are those with thee? And he said, The children which God hath graciously given thy servant. <span class="ver">6</span>Then the handmaidens came near, they and their children, and they bowed themselves. <span class="ver">7</span>And Leah also with her children came near, anM
d bowed themselves: and after came Joseph near and Rachel, and they bowed themselves. <span class="ver">8</span>And he said, What meanest thou by all this drove which I met? And he said, These are to find grace in the sight of my lord. <span class="ver">9</span>And Esau said, I have enough, my brother; keep that thou hast unto thyself. <span class="ver">10</span>And Jacob said, Nay, I pray thee, if now I have found grace in thy sight, then receive my present at my hand: for therefore I have seen thy face, as thoughM
I had seen the face of God, and thou wast pleased with me. <span class="ver">11</span>Take, I pray thee, my blessing that is brought to thee; because God hath dealt graciously with me, and because I have enough. And he urged him, and he took it. <span class="ver">12</span>And he said, Let us take our journey, and let us go, and I will go before thee. <span class="ver">13</span>And he said unto him, My lord knoweth that the children are tender, and the flocks and herds with young are with me: and if men should overM
drive them one day, all the flock will die. <span class="ver">14</span>Let my lord, I pray thee, pass over before his servant: and I will lead on softly, according as the cattle that goeth before me and the children be able to endure, until I come unto my lord unto Seir. <span class="ver">15</span>And Esau said, Let me now leave with thee some of the folk that are with me. And he said, What needeth it? let me find grace in the sight of my lord. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>So Esau returned that day on his wM
ay unto Seir. <span class="ver">17</span>And Jacob journeyed to Succoth, and built him an house, and made booths for his cattle: therefore the name of the place is called Succoth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And Jacob came to Shalem, a city of Shechem, which is in the land of Canaan, when he came from Padan-aram; and pitched his tent before the city. <span class="ver">19</span>And he bought a parcel of a field, where he had spread his tent, at the hand of the children of Hamor, Shechem
undred pieces of money. <span class="ver">20</span>And he erected there an altar, and called it El-elohe-Israel.
<h2 id="c34">Chapter 34</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Dinah the daughter of Leah, which she bare unto Jacob, went out to see the daughters of the land. <span class="ver">2</span>And when Shechem the son of Hamor the Hivite, prince of the country, saw her, he took her, and lay with her, and defiled her. <span class="ver">3</span>And his soul clave unto Dinah the daughter of Jacob, and he lovM
ed the damsel, and spake kindly unto the damsel. <span class="ver">4</span>And Shechem spake unto his father Hamor, saying, Get me this damsel to wife. <span class="ver">5</span>And Jacob heard that he had defiled Dinah his daughter: now his sons were with his cattle in the field: and Jacob held his peace until they were come. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And Hamor the father of Shechem went out unto Jacob to commune with him. <span class="ver">7</span>And the sons of Jacob came out of the field when they heM
ard it: and the men were grieved, and they were very wroth, because he had wrought folly in Israel in lying with Jacob
s daughter; which thing ought not to be done. <span class="ver">8</span>And Hamor communed with them, saying, The soul of my son Shechem longeth for your daughter: I pray you give her him to wife. <span class="ver">9</span>And make ye marriages with us, and give your daughters unto us, and take our daughters unto you. <span class="ver">10</span>And ye shall dwell with us: and the land shall be beM
fore you; dwell and trade ye therein, and get you possessions therein. <span class="ver">11</span>And Shechem said unto her father and unto her brethren, Let me find grace in your eyes, and what ye shall say unto me I will give. <span class="ver">12</span>Ask me never so much dowry and gift, and I will give according as ye shall say unto me: but give me the damsel to wife. <span class="ver">13</span>And the sons of Jacob answered Shechem and Hamor his father deceitfully, and said, because he had defiled Dinah theirM
sister: <span class="ver">14</span>And they said unto them, We cannot do this thing, to give our sister to one that is uncircumcised; for that were a reproach unto us: <span class="ver">15</span>But in this will we consent unto you: If ye will be as we be, that every male of you be circumcised; <span class="ver">16</span>Then will we give our daughters unto you, and we will take your daughters to us, and we will dwell with you, and we will become one people. <span class="ver">17</span>But if ye will not hearken unM
to us, to be circumcised; then will we take our daughter, and we will be gone. <span class="ver">18</span>And their words pleased Hamor, and Shechem Hamor
s son. <span class="ver">19</span>And the young man deferred not to do the thing, because he had delight in Jacob
s daughter: and he was more honourable than all the house of his father. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And Hamor and Shechem his son came unto the gate of their city, and communed with the men of their city, saying, <span class="ver">21</spM
an>These men are peaceable with us; therefore let them dwell in the land, and trade therein; for the land, behold, it is large enough for them; let us take their daughters to us for wives, and let us give them our daughters. <span class="ver">22</span>Only herein will the men consent unto us for to dwell with us, to be one people, if every male among us be circumcised, as they are circumcised. <span class="ver">23</span>Shall not their cattle and their substance and every beast of theirs be ours? only let us consenM
t unto them, and they will dwell with us. <span class="ver">24</span>And unto Hamor and unto Shechem his son hearkened all that went out of the gate of his city; and every male was circumcised, all that went out of the gate of his city. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And it came to pass on the third day, when they were sore, that two of the sons of Jacob, Simeon and Levi, Dinah
s brethren, took each man his sword, and came upon the city boldly, and slew all the males. <span class="ver">26</span>And they sleM
w Hamor and Shechem his son with the edge of the sword, and took Dinah out of Shechem
s house, and went out. <span class="ver">27</span>The sons of Jacob came upon the slain, and spoiled the city, because they had defiled their sister. <span class="ver">28</span>They took their sheep, and their oxen, and their asses, and that which was in the city, and that which was in the field, <span class="ver">29</span>And all their wealth, and all their little ones, and their wives took they captive, and spoiled even all thM
at was in the house. <span class="ver">30</span>And Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, Ye have troubled me to make me to stink among the inhabitants of the land, among the Canaanites and the Perizzites: and I being few in number, they shall gather themselves together against me, and slay me; and I shall be destroyed, I and my house. <span class="ver">31</span>And they said, Should he deal with our sister as with an harlot?
<h2 id="c35">Chapter 35</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And God said unto Jacob, Arise, gM
o up to Beth-el, and dwell there: and make there an altar unto God, that appeared unto thee when thou fleddest from the face of Esau thy brother. <span class="ver">2</span>Then Jacob said unto his household, and to all that were with him, Put away the strange gods that are among you, and be clean, and change your garments: <span class="ver">3</span>And let us arise, and go up to Beth-el; and I will make there an altar unto God, who answered me in the day of my distress, and was with me in the way which I went. <spaM
n class="ver">4</span>And they gave unto Jacob all the strange gods which were in their hand, and all their earrings which were in their ears; and Jacob hid them under the oak which was by Shechem. <span class="ver">5</span>And they journeyed: and the terror of God was upon the cities that were round about them, and they did not pursue after the sons of Jacob. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>So Jacob came to Luz, which is in the land of Canaan, that is, Beth-el, he and all the people that were with him. <span cM
lass="ver">7</span>And he built there an altar, and called the place El-beth-el: because there God appeared unto him, when he fled from the face of his brother. <span class="ver">8</span>But Deborah Rebekah
s nurse died, and she was buried beneath Beth-el under an oak: and the name of it was called Allon-bachuth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And God appeared unto Jacob again, when he came out of Padan-aram, and blessed him. <span class="ver">10</span>And God said unto him, Thy name is Jacob: thy name shallM
not be called any more Jacob, but Israel shall be thy name: and he called his name Israel. <span class="ver">11</span>And God said unto him, I am God Almighty: be fruitful and multiply; a nation and a company of nations shall be of thee, and kings shall come out of thy loins; <span class="ver">12</span>And the land which I gave Abraham and Isaac, to thee I will give it, and to thy seed after thee will I give the land. <span class="ver">13</span>And God went up from him in the place where he talked with him. <span M
class="ver">14</span>And Jacob set up a pillar in the place where he talked with him, even a pillar of stone: and he poured a drink offering thereon, and he poured oil thereon. <span class="ver">15</span>And Jacob called the name of the place where God spake with him, Beth-el. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And they journeyed from Beth-el; and there was but a little way to come to Ephrath: and Rachel travailed, and she had hard labour. <span class="ver">17</span>And it came to pass, when she was in hard labouM
r, that the midwife said unto her, Fear not; thou shalt have this son also. <span class="ver">18</span>And it came to pass, as her soul was in departing, (for she died) that she called his name Ben-oni: but his father called him Benjamin. <span class="ver">19</span>And Rachel died, and was buried in the way to Ephrath, which is Beth-lehem. <span class="ver">20</span>And Jacob set a pillar upon her grave: that is the pillar of Rachel
s grave unto this day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And Israel journeyed,M
and spread his tent beyond the tower of Edar. <span class="ver">22</span>And it came to pass, when Israel dwelt in that land, that Reuben went and lay with Bilhah his father
s concubine: and Israel heard it. Now the sons of Jacob were twelve: <span class="ver">23</span>The sons of Leah; Reuben, Jacob
s firstborn, and Simeon, and Levi, and Judah, and Issachar, and Zebulun: <span class="ver">24</span>The sons of Rachel; Joseph, and Benjamin: <span class="ver">25</span>And the sons of Bilhah, Rachel
Dan, and Naphtali: <span class="ver">26</span>And the sons of Zilpah, Leah
s handmaid; Gad, and Asher: these are the sons of Jacob, which were born to him in Padan-aram. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>And Jacob came unto Isaac his father unto Mamre, unto the city of Arbah, which is Hebron, where Abraham and Isaac sojourned. <span class="ver">28</span>And the days of Isaac were an hundred and fourscore years. <span class="ver">29</span>And Isaac gave up the ghost, and died, and was gathered unto his people,M
being old and full of days: and his sons Esau and Jacob buried him.
<h2 id="c36">Chapter 36</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now these are the generations of Esau, who is Edom. <span class="ver">2</span>Esau took his wives of the daughters of Canaan; Adah the daughter of Elon the Hittite, and Aholibamah the daughter of Anah the daughter of Zibeon the Hivite; <span class="ver">3</span>And Bashemath Ishmael
s daughter, sister of Nebajoth. <span class="ver">4</span>And Adah bare to Esau Eliphaz; and BashematM
h bare Reuel; <span class="ver">5</span>And Aholibamah bare Jeush, and Jaalam, and Korah: these are the sons of Esau, which were born unto him in the land of Canaan. <span class="ver">6</span>And Esau took his wives, and his sons, and his daughters, and all the persons of his house, and his cattle, and all his beasts, and all his substance, which he had got in the land of Canaan; and went into the country from the face of his brother Jacob. <span class="ver">7</span>For their riches were more than that they might dM
well together; and the land wherein they were strangers could not bear them because of their cattle. <span class="ver">8</span>Thus dwelt Esau in mount Seir: Esau is Edom. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And these are the generations of Esau the father of the Edomites in mount Seir: <span class="ver">10</span>These are the names of Esau
s sons; Eliphaz the son of Adah the wife of Esau, Reuel the son of Bashemath the wife of Esau. <span class="ver">11</span>And the sons of Eliphaz were Teman, Omar, Zepho, and M
Gatam, and Kenaz. <span class="ver">12</span>And Timna was concubine to Eliphaz Esau
s son; and she bare to Eliphaz Amalek: these were the sons of Adah Esau
s wife. <span class="ver">13</span>And these are the sons of Reuel; Nahath, and Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah: these were the sons of Bashemath Esau
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And these were the sons of Aholibamah, the daughter of Anah the daughter of Zibeon, Esau
s wife: and she bare to Esau Jeush, and Jaalam, and Korah. </p>
class="ver">15</span>These were dukes of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz the firstborn son of Esau; duke Teman, duke Omar, duke Zepho, duke Kenaz, <span class="ver">16</span>Duke Korah, duke Gatam, and duke Amalek: these are the dukes that came of Eliphaz in the land of Edom; these were the sons of Adah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And these are the sons of Reuel Esau
s son; duke Nahath, duke Zerah, duke Shammah, duke Mizzah: these are the dukes that came of Reuel in the land of Edom; these are theM
sons of Bashemath Esau
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And these are the sons of Aholibamah Esau
s wife; duke Jeush, duke Jaalam, duke Korah: these were the dukes that came of Aholibamah the daughter of Anah, Esau
s wife. <span class="ver">19</span>These are the sons of Esau, who is Edom, and these are their dukes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>These are the sons of Seir the Horite, who inhabited the land; Lotan, and Shobal, and Zibeon, and Anah, <span class="ver">21</span>And Dishon, andM
Ezer, and Dishan: these are the dukes of the Horites, the children of Seir in the land of Edom. <span class="ver">22</span>And the children of Lotan were Hori and Hemam; and Lotan
s sister was Timna. <span class="ver">23</span>And the children of Shobal were these; Alvan, and Manahath, and Ebal, Shepho, and Onam. <span class="ver">24</span>And these are the children of Zibeon; both Ajah, and Anah: this was that Anah that found the mules in the wilderness, as he fed the asses of Zibeon his father. <span class="veM
r">25</span>And the children of Anah were these; Dishon, and Aholibamah the daughter of Anah. <span class="ver">26</span>And these are the children of Dishon; Hemdan, and Eshban, and Ithran, and Cheran. <span class="ver">27</span>The children of Ezer are these; Bilhan, and Zaavan, and Akan. <span class="ver">28</span>The children of Dishan are these; Uz, and Aran. <span class="ver">29</span>These are the dukes that came of the Horites; duke Lotan, duke Shobal, duke Zibeon, duke Anah, <span class="ver">30</span>DukeM
Dishon, duke Ezer, duke Dishan: these are the dukes that came of Hori, among their dukes in the land of Seir. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>And these are the kings that reigned in the land of Edom, before there reigned any king over the children of Israel. <span class="ver">32</span>And Bela the son of Beor reigned in Edom: and the name of his city was Dinhabah. <span class="ver">33</span>And Bela died, and Jobab the son of Zerah of Bozrah reigned in his stead. <span class="ver">34</span>And Jobab died, andM
Husham of the land of Temani reigned in his stead. <span class="ver">35</span>And Husham died, and Hadad the son of Bedad, who smote Midian in the field of Moab, reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Avith. <span class="ver">36</span>And Hadad died, and Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his stead. <span class="ver">37</span>And Samlah died, and Saul of Rehoboth by the river reigned in his stead. <span class="ver">38</span>And Saul died, and Baal-hanan the son of Achbor reigned in his stead. <span class="vM
er">39</span>And Baal-hanan the son of Achbor died, and Hadar reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Pau; and his wife
s name was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Mezahab. <span class="ver">40</span>And these are the names of the dukes that came of Esau, according to their families, after their places, by their names; duke Timnah, duke Alvah, duke Jetheth, <span class="ver">41</span>Duke Aholibamah, duke Elah, duke Pinon, <span class="ver">42</span>Duke Kenaz, duke Teman, duke MibzarM
, <span class="ver">43</span>Duke Magdiel, duke Iram: these be the dukes of Edom, according to their habitations in the land of their possession: he is Esau the father of the Edomites.
<h2 id="c37">Chapter 37</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Jacob dwelt in the land wherein his father was a stranger, in the land of Canaan. <span class="ver">2</span>These are the generations of Jacob. Joseph, being seventeen years old, was feeding the flock with his brethren; and the lad was with the sons of Bilhah, and wiM
th the sons of Zilpah, his father
s wives: and Joseph brought unto his father their evil report. <span class="ver">3</span>Now Israel loved Joseph more than all his children, because he was the son of his old age: and he made him a coat of many colours. <span class="ver">4</span>And when his brethren saw that their father loved him more than all his brethren, they hated him, and could not speak peaceably unto him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And Joseph dreamed a dream, and he told it his brethren: and theM
y hated him yet the more. <span class="ver">6</span>And he said unto them, Hear, I pray you, this dream which I have dreamed: <span class="ver">7</span>For, behold, we were binding sheaves in the field, and, lo, my sheaf arose, and also stood upright; and, behold, your sheaves stood round about, and made obeisance to my sheaf. <span class="ver">8</span>And his brethren said to him, Shalt thou indeed reign over us? or shalt thou indeed have dominion over us? And they hated him yet the more for his dreams, and for hiM
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And he dreamed yet another dream, and told it his brethren, and said, Behold, I have dreamed a dream more; and, behold, the sun and the moon and the eleven stars made obeisance to me. <span class="ver">10</span>And he told it to his father, and to his brethren: and his father rebuked him, and said unto him, What is this dream that thou hast dreamed? Shall I and thy mother and thy brethren indeed come to bow down ourselves to thee to the earth? <span class="ver">11</span>M
And his brethren envied him; but his father observed the saying. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And his brethren went to feed their father
s flock in Shechem. <span class="ver">13</span>And Israel said unto Joseph, Do not thy brethren feed the flock in Shechem? come, and I will send thee unto them. And he said to him, Here am I. <span class="ver">14</span>And he said to him, Go, I pray thee, see whether it be well with thy brethren, and well with the flocks; and bring me word again. So he sent him out of thM
e vale of Hebron, and he came to Shechem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And a certain man found him, and, behold, he was wandering in the field: and the man asked him, saying, What seekest thou? <span class="ver">16</span>And he said, I seek my brethren: tell me, I pray thee, where they feed their flocks. <span class="ver">17</span>And the man said, They are departed hence; for I heard them say, Let us go to Dothan. And Joseph went after his brethren, and found them in Dothan. <span class="ver">18</span>And M
when they saw him afar off, even before he came near unto them, they conspired against him to slay him. <span class="ver">19</span>And they said one to another, Behold, this dreamer cometh. <span class="ver">20</span>Come now therefore, and let us slay him, and cast him into some pit, and we will say, Some evil beast hath devoured him: and we shall see what will become of his dreams. <span class="ver">21</span>And Reuben heard it, and he delivered him out of their hands; and said, Let us not kill him. <span class="M
ver">22</span>And Reuben said unto them, Shed no blood, but cast him into this pit that is in the wilderness, and lay no hand upon him; that he might rid him out of their hands, to deliver him to his father again. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And it came to pass, when Joseph was come unto his brethren, that they stript Joseph out of his coat, his coat of many colours that was on him; <span class="ver">24</span>And they took him, and cast him into a pit: and the pit was empty, there was no water in it. <spanM
class="ver">25</span>And they sat down to eat bread: and they lifted up their eyes and looked, and, behold, a company of Ishmeelites came from Gilead with their camels bearing spicery and balm and myrrh, going to carry it down to Egypt. <span class="ver">26</span>And Judah said unto his brethren, What profit is it if we slay our brother, and conceal his blood? <span class="ver">27</span>Come, and let us sell him to the Ishmeelites, and let not our hand be upon him; for he is our brother and our flesh. And his bretM
hren were content. <span class="ver">28</span>Then there passed by Midianites merchantmen; and they drew and lifted up Joseph out of the pit, and sold Joseph to the Ishmeelites for twenty pieces of silver: and they brought Joseph into Egypt. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>And Reuben returned unto the pit; and, behold, Joseph was not in the pit; and he rent his clothes. <span class="ver">30</span>And he returned unto his brethren, and said, The child is not; and I, whither shall I go? <span class="ver">31</spaM
n>And they took Joseph
s coat, and killed a kid of the goats, and dipped the coat in the blood; <span class="ver">32</span>And they sent the coat of many colours, and they brought it to their father; and said, This have we found: know now whether it be thy son
s coat or no. <span class="ver">33</span>And he knew it, and said, It is my son
s coat; an evil beast hath devoured him; Joseph is without doubt rent in pieces. <span class="ver">34</span>And Jacob rent his clothes, and put sackcloth upon his loins, andM
mourned for his son many days. <span class="ver">35</span>And all his sons and all his daughters rose up to comfort him; but he refused to be comforted; and he said, For I will go down into the grave unto my son mourning. Thus his father wept for him. <span class="ver">36</span>And the Midianites sold him into Egypt unto Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh
s, and captain of the guard.
<h2 id="c38">Chapter 38</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass at that time, that Judah went down from his brethM
ren, and turned in to a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah. <span class="ver">2</span>And Judah saw there a daughter of a certain Canaanite, whose name was Shuah; and he took her, and went in unto her. <span class="ver">3</span>And she conceived, and bare a son; and he called his name Er. <span class="ver">4</span>And she conceived again, and bare a son; and she called his name Onan. <span class="ver">5</span>And she yet again conceived, and bare a son; and called his name Shelah: and he was at Chezib, when sM
he bare him. <span class="ver">6</span>And Judah took a wife for Er his firstborn, whose name was Tamar. <span class="ver">7</span>And Er, Judah
s firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the LORD; and the LORD slew him. <span class="ver">8</span>And Judah said unto Onan, Go in unto thy brother
s wife, and marry her, and raise up seed to thy brother. <span class="ver">9</span>And Onan knew that the seed should not be his; and it came to pass, when he went in unto his brother
s wife, that he spilled it on the groM
und, lest that he should give seed to his brother. <span class="ver">10</span>And the thing which he did displeased the LORD: wherefore he slew him also. <span class="ver">11</span>Then said Judah to Tamar his daughter in law, Remain a widow at thy father
s house, till Shelah my son be grown: for he said, Lest peradventure he die also, as his brethren did. And Tamar went and dwelt in her father
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And in process of time the daughter of Shuah Judah
s wife died; and JuM
dah was comforted, and went up unto his sheepshearers to Timnath, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite. <span class="ver">13</span>And it was told Tamar, saying, Behold thy father in law goeth up to Timnath to shear his sheep. <span class="ver">14</span>And she put her widow
s garments off from her, and covered her with a vail, and wrapped herself, and sat in an open place, which is by the way to Timnath; for she saw that Shelah was grown, and she was not given unto him to wife. <span class="ver">15</span>When M
Judah saw her, he thought her to be an harlot; because she had covered her face. <span class="ver">16</span>And he turned unto her by the way, and said, Go to, I pray thee, let me come in unto thee; (for he knew not that she was his daughter in law.) And she said, What wilt thou give me, that thou mayest come in unto me? <span class="ver">17</span>And he said, I will send thee a kid from the flock. And she said, Wilt thou give me a pledge, till thou send it? <span class="ver">18</span>And he said, What pledge shallM
I give thee? And she said, Thy signet, and thy bracelets, and thy staff that is in thine hand. And he gave it her, and came in unto her, and she conceived by him. <span class="ver">19</span>And she arose, and went away, and laid by her vail from her, and put on the garments of her widowhood. <span class="ver">20</span>And Judah sent the kid by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive his pledge from the woman
s hand: but he found her not. <span class="ver">21</span>Then he asked the men of that place, sM
aying, Where is the harlot, that was openly by the way side? And they said, There was no harlot in this place. <span class="ver">22</span>And he returned to Judah, and said, I cannot find her; and also the men of the place said, that there was no harlot in this place. <span class="ver">23</span>And Judah said, Let her take it to her, lest we be shamed: behold, I sent this kid, and thou hast not found her. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And it came to pass about three months after, that it was told Judah, sayiM
ng, Tamar thy daughter in law hath played the harlot; and also, behold, she is with child by whoredom. And Judah said, Bring her forth, and let her be burnt. <span class="ver">25</span>When she was brought forth, she sent to her father in law, saying, By the man, whose these are, am I with child: and she said, Discern, I pray thee, whose are these, the signet, and bracelets, and staff. <span class="ver">26</span>And Judah acknowledged them, and said, She hath been more righteous than I; because that I gave her not M
to Shelah my son. And he knew her again no more. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>And it came to pass in the time of her travail, that, behold, twins were in her womb. <span class="ver">28</span>And it came to pass, when she travailed, that the one put out his hand: and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying, This came out first. <span class="ver">29</span>And it came to pass, as he drew back his hand, that, behold, his brother came out: and she said, How hast thou broken forth? this M
breach be upon thee: therefore his name was called Pharez. <span class="ver">30</span>And afterward came out his brother, that had the scarlet thread upon his hand: and his name was called Zarah.
<h2 id="c39">Chapter 39</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Joseph was brought down to Egypt; and Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh, captain of the guard, an Egyptian, bought him of the hands of the Ishmeelites, which had brought him down thither. <span class="ver">2</span>And the LORD was with Joseph, and he was a pM
rosperous man; and he was in the house of his master the Egyptian. <span class="ver">3</span>And his master saw that the LORD was with him, and that the LORD made all that he did to prosper in his hand. <span class="ver">4</span>And Joseph found grace in his sight, and he served him: and he made him overseer over his house, and all that he had he put into his hand. <span class="ver">5</span>And it came to pass from the time that he had made him overseer in his house, and over all that he had, that the LORD blessed M
s sake; and the blessing of the LORD was upon all that he had in the house, and in the field. <span class="ver">6</span>And he left all that he had in Joseph
s hand; and he knew not ought he had, save the bread which he did eat. And Joseph was a goodly person, and well favoured. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And it came to pass after these things, that his master
s wife cast her eyes upon Joseph; and she said, Lie with me. <span class="ver">8</span>But he refused, and sM
s wife, Behold, my master wotteth not what is with me in the house, and he hath committed all that he hath to my hand; <span class="ver">9</span>There is none greater in this house than I; neither hath he kept back any thing from me but thee, because thou art his wife: how then can I do this great wickedness, and sin against God? <span class="ver">10</span>And it came to pass, as she spake to Joseph day by day, that he hearkened not unto her, to lie by her, or to be with her. <span class="ver"M
>11</span>And it came to pass about this time, that Joseph went into the house to do his business; and there was none of the men of the house there within. <span class="ver">12</span>And she caught him by his garment, saying, Lie with me: and he left his garment in her hand, and fled, and got him out. <span class="ver">13</span>And it came to pass, when she saw that he had left his garment in her hand, and was fled forth, <span class="ver">14</span>That she called unto the men of her house, and spake unto them, sayM
ing, See, he hath brought in an Hebrew unto us to mock us; he came in unto me to lie with me, and I cried with a loud voice: <span class="ver">15</span>And it came to pass, when he heard that I lifted up my voice and cried, that he left his garment with me, and fled, and got him out. <span class="ver">16</span>And she laid up his garment by her, until his lord came home. <span class="ver">17</span>And she spake unto him according to these words, saying, The Hebrew servant, which thou hast brought unto us, came in uM
nto me to mock me: <span class="ver">18</span>And it came to pass, as I lifted up my voice and cried, that he left his garment with me, and fled out. <span class="ver">19</span>And it came to pass, when his master heard the words of his wife, which she spake unto him, saying, After this manner did thy servant to me; that his wrath was kindled. <span class="ver">20</span>And Joseph
s master took him, and put him into the prison, a place where the king
s prisoners were bound: and he was there in the prison. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>But the LORD was with Joseph, and shewed him mercy, and gave him favour in the sight of the keeper of the prison. <span class="ver">22</span>And the keeper of the prison committed to Joseph
s hand all the prisoners that were in the prison; and whatsoever they did there, he was the doer of it. <span class="ver">23</span>The keeper of the prison looked not to any thing that was under his hand; because the LORD was with him, and that which he did, the LORD made it to prosper.
d="c40">Chapter 40</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass after these things, that the butler of the king of Egypt and his baker had offended their lord the king of Egypt. <span class="ver">2</span>And Pharaoh was wroth against two of his officers, against the chief of the butlers, and against the chief of the bakers. <span class="ver">3</span>And he put them in ward in the house of the captain of the guard, into the prison, the place where Joseph was bound. <span class="ver">4</span>And the captaM
in of the guard charged Joseph with them, and he served them: and they continued a season in ward. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And they dreamed a dream both of them, each man his dream in one night, each man according to the interpretation of his dream, the butler and the baker of the king of Egypt, which were bound in the prison. <span class="ver">6</span>And Joseph came in unto them in the morning, and looked upon them, and, behold, they were sad. <span class="ver">7</span>And he asked Pharaoh
s that were with him in the ward of his lord
s house, saying, Wherefore look ye so sadly to day? <span class="ver">8</span>And they said unto him, We have dreamed a dream, and there is no interpreter of it. And Joseph said unto them, Do not interpretations belong to God? tell me them, I pray you. <span class="ver">9</span>And the chief butler told his dream to Joseph, and said to him, In my dream, behold, a vine was before me; <span class="ver">10</span>And in the vine were three branches: and it was as though itM
budded, and her blossoms shot forth; and the clusters thereof brought forth ripe grapes: <span class="ver">11</span>And Pharaoh
s cup was in my hand: and I took the grapes, and pressed them into Pharaoh
s cup, and I gave the cup into Pharaoh
s hand. <span class="ver">12</span>And Joseph said unto him, This is the interpretation of it: The three branches are three days: <span class="ver">13</span>Yet within three days shall Pharaoh lift up thine head, and restore thee unto thy place: and thou shalt deliver PhM
s cup into his hand, after the former manner when thou wast his butler. <span class="ver">14</span>But think on me when it shall be well with thee, and shew kindness, I pray thee, unto me, and make mention of me unto Pharaoh, and bring me out of this house: <span class="ver">15</span>For indeed I was stolen away out of the land of the Hebrews: and here also have I done nothing that they should put me into the dungeon. <span class="ver">16</span>When the chief baker saw that the interpretation was good, he sM
aid unto Joseph, I also was in my dream, and, behold, I had three white baskets on my head: <span class="ver">17</span>And in the uppermost basket there was of all manner of bakemeats for Pharaoh; and the birds did eat them out of the basket upon my head. <span class="ver">18</span>And Joseph answered and said, This is the interpretation thereof: The three baskets are three days: <span class="ver">19</span>Yet within three days shall Pharaoh lift up thy head from off thee, and shall hang thee on a tree; and the birM
ds shall eat thy flesh from off thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And it came to pass the third day, which was Pharaoh
s birthday, that he made a feast unto all his servants: and he lifted up the head of the chief butler and of the chief baker among his servants. <span class="ver">21</span>And he restored the chief butler unto his butlership again; and he gave the cup into Pharaoh
s hand: <span class="ver">22</span>But he hanged the chief baker: as Joseph had interpreted to them. <span class="ver">23</M
span>Yet did not the chief butler remember Joseph, but forgat him.
<h2 id="c41">Chapter 41</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass at the end of two full years, that Pharaoh dreamed: and, behold, he stood by the river. <span class="ver">2</span>And, behold, there came up out of the river seven well favoured kine and fatfleshed; and they fed in a meadow. <span class="ver">3</span>And, behold, seven other kine came up after them out of the river, ill favoured and leanfleshed; and stood by the otheM
r kine upon the brink of the river. <span class="ver">4</span>And the ill favoured and leanfleshed kine did eat up the seven well favoured and fat kine. So Pharaoh awoke. <span class="ver">5</span>And he slept and dreamed the second time: and, behold, seven ears of corn came up upon one stalk, rank and good. <span class="ver">6</span>And, behold, seven thin ears and blasted with the east wind sprung up after them. <span class="ver">7</span>And the seven thin ears devoured the seven rank and full ears. And Pharaoh aM
woke, and, behold, it was a dream. <span class="ver">8</span>And it came to pass in the morning that his spirit was troubled; and he sent and called for all the magicians of Egypt, and all the wise men thereof: and Pharaoh told them his dream; but there was none that could interpret them unto Pharaoh. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Then spake the chief butler unto Pharaoh, saying, I do remember my faults this day: <span class="ver">10</span>Pharaoh was wroth with his servants, and put me in ward in the captainM
s house, both me and the chief baker: <span class="ver">11</span>And we dreamed a dream in one night, I and he; we dreamed each man according to the interpretation of his dream. <span class="ver">12</span>And there was there with us a young man, an Hebrew, servant to the captain of the guard; and we told him, and he interpreted to us our dreams; to each man according to his dream he did interpret. <span class="ver">13</span>And it came to pass, as he interpreted to us, so it was; me he restored untoM
mine office, and him he hanged. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Then Pharaoh sent and called Joseph, and they brought him hastily out of the dungeon: and he shaved himself, and changed his raiment, and came in unto Pharaoh. <span class="ver">15</span>And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, I have dreamed a dream, and there is none that can interpret it: and I have heard say of thee, that thou canst understand a dream to interpret it. <span class="ver">16</span>And Joseph answered Pharaoh, saying, It is not in me: God sM
hall give Pharaoh an answer of peace. <span class="ver">17</span>And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, In my dream, behold, I stood upon the bank of the river: <span class="ver">18</span>And, behold, there came up out of the river seven kine, fatfleshed and well favoured; and they fed in a meadow: <span class="ver">19</span>And, behold, seven other kine came up after them, poor and very ill favoured and leanfleshed, such as I never saw in all the land of Egypt for badness: <span class="ver">20</span>And the lean and the ilM
l favoured kine did eat up the first seven fat kine: <span class="ver">21</span>And when they had eaten them up, it could not be known that they had eaten them; but they were still ill favoured, as at the beginning. So I awoke. <span class="ver">22</span>And I saw in my dream, and, behold, seven ears came up in one stalk, full and good: <span class="ver">23</span>And, behold, seven ears, withered, thin, and blasted with the east wind, sprung up after them: <span class="ver">24</span>And the thin ears devoured the sM
even good ears: and I told this unto the magicians; but there was none that could declare it to me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And Joseph said unto Pharaoh, The dream of Pharaoh is one: God hath shewed Pharaoh what he is about to do. <span class="ver">26</span>The seven good kine are seven years; and the seven good ears are seven years: the dream is one. <span class="ver">27</span>And the seven thin and ill favoured kine that came up after them are seven years; and the seven empty ears blasted with the eaM
st wind shall be seven years of famine. <span class="ver">28</span>This is the thing which I have spoken unto Pharaoh: What God is about to do he sheweth unto Pharaoh. <span class="ver">29</span>Behold, there come seven years of great plenty throughout all the land of Egypt: <span class="ver">30</span>And there shall arise after them seven years of famine; and all the plenty shall be forgotten in the land of Egypt; and the famine shall consume the land; <span class="ver">31</span>And the plenty shall not be known iM
n the land by reason of that famine following; for it shall be very grievous. <span class="ver">32</span>And for that the dream was doubled unto Pharaoh twice; it is because the thing is established by God, and God will shortly bring it to pass. <span class="ver">33</span>Now therefore let Pharaoh look out a man discreet and wise, and set him over the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">34</span>Let Pharaoh do this, and let him appoint officers over the land, and take up the fifth part of the land of Egypt in the seveM
n plenteous years. <span class="ver">35</span>And let them gather all the food of those good years that come, and lay up corn under the hand of Pharaoh, and let them keep food in the cities. <span class="ver">36</span>And that food shall be for store to the land against the seven years of famine, which shall be in the land of Egypt; that the land perish not through the famine. </p>
<p><span class="ver">37</span>And the thing was good in the eyes of Pharaoh, and in the eyes of all his servants. <span class="ver">3M
8</span>And Pharaoh said unto his servants, Can we find such a one as this is, a man in whom the Spirit of God is? <span class="ver">39</span>And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, Forasmuch as God hath shewed thee all this, there is none so discreet and wise as thou art: <span class="ver">40</span>Thou shalt be over my house, and according unto thy word shall all my people be ruled: only in the throne will I be greater than thou. <span class="ver">41</span>And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, See, I have set thee over all the lanM
d of Egypt. <span class="ver">42</span>And Pharaoh took off his ring from his hand, and put it upon Joseph
s hand, and arrayed him in vestures of fine linen, and put a gold chain about his neck; <span class="ver">43</span>And he made him to ride in the second chariot which he had; and they cried before him, Bow the knee: and he made him ruler over all the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">44</span>And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, I am Pharaoh, and without thee shall no man lift up his hand or foot in all the land of M
Egypt. <span class="ver">45</span>And Pharaoh called Joseph
s name Zaphnath-paaneah; and he gave him to wife Asenath the daughter of Poti-pherah priest of On. And Joseph went out over all the land of Egypt. </p>
<p><span class="ver">46</span>And Joseph was thirty years old when he stood before Pharaoh king of Egypt. And Joseph went out from the presence of Pharaoh, and went throughout all the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">47</span>And in the seven plenteous years the earth brought forth by handfuls. <span clM
ass="ver">48</span>And he gathered up all the food of the seven years, which were in the land of Egypt, and laid up the food in the cities: the food of the field, which was round about every city, laid he up in the same. <span class="ver">49</span>And Joseph gathered corn as the sand of the sea, very much, until he left numbering; for it was without number. <span class="ver">50</span>And unto Joseph were born two sons before the years of famine came, which Asenath the daughter of Poti-pherah priest of On bare unto M
him. <span class="ver">51</span>And Joseph called the name of the firstborn Manasseh: For God, said he, hath made me forget all my toil, and all my father
s house. <span class="ver">52</span>And the name of the second called he Ephraim: For God hath caused me to be fruitful in the land of my affliction. </p>
<p><span class="ver">53</span>And the seven years of plenteousness, that was in the land of Egypt, were ended. <span class="ver">54</span>And the seven years of dearth began to come, according as Joseph hadM
said: and the dearth was in all lands; but in all the land of Egypt there was bread. <span class="ver">55</span>And when all the land of Egypt was famished, the people cried to Pharaoh for bread: and Pharaoh said unto all the Egyptians, Go unto Joseph; what he saith to you, do. <span class="ver">56</span>And the famine was over all the face of the earth: and Joseph opened all the storehouses, and sold unto the Egyptians; and the famine waxed sore in the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">57</span>And all countries cM
ame into Egypt to Joseph for to buy corn; because that the famine was so sore in all lands.
<h2 id="c42">Chapter 42</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now when Jacob saw that there was corn in Egypt, Jacob said unto his sons, Why do ye look one upon another? <span class="ver">2</span>And he said, Behold, I have heard that there is corn in Egypt: get you down thither, and buy for us from thence; that we may live, and not die. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And Joseph
s ten brethren went down to buy corn M
in Egypt. <span class="ver">4</span>But Benjamin, Joseph
s brother, Jacob sent not with his brethren; for he said, Lest peradventure mischief befall him. <span class="ver">5</span>And the sons of Israel came to buy corn among those that came: for the famine was in the land of Canaan. <span class="ver">6</span>And Joseph was the governor over the land, and he it was that sold to all the people of the land: and Joseph
s brethren came, and bowed down themselves before him with their faces to the earth. <span classM
="ver">7</span>And Joseph saw his brethren, and he knew them, but made himself strange unto them, and spake roughly unto them; and he said unto them, Whence come ye? And they said, From the land of Canaan to buy food. <span class="ver">8</span>And Joseph knew his brethren, but they knew not him. <span class="ver">9</span>And Joseph remembered the dreams which he dreamed of them, and said unto them, Ye are spies; to see the nakedness of the land ye are come. <span class="ver">10</span>And they said unto him, Nay, myM
lord, but to buy food are thy servants come. <span class="ver">11</span>We are all one man
s sons; we are true men, thy servants are no spies. <span class="ver">12</span>And he said unto them, Nay, but to see the nakedness of the land ye are come. <span class="ver">13</span>And they said, Thy servants are twelve brethren, the sons of one man in the land of Canaan; and, behold, the youngest is this day with our father, and one is not. <span class="ver">14</span>And Joseph said unto them, That is it that I spake uM
nto you, saying, Ye are spies: <span class="ver">15</span>Hereby ye shall be proved: By the life of Pharaoh ye shall not go forth hence, except your youngest brother come hither. <span class="ver">16</span>Send one of you, and let him fetch your brother, and ye shall be kept in prison, that your words may be proved, whether there be any truth in you: or else by the life of Pharaoh surely ye are spies. <span class="ver">17</span>And he put them all together into ward three days. <span class="ver">18</span>And JosephM
said unto them the third day, This do, and live; for I fear God: <span class="ver">19</span>If ye be true men, let one of your brethren be bound in the house of your prison: go ye, carry corn for the famine of your houses: <span class="ver">20</span>But bring your youngest brother unto me; so shall your words be verified, and ye shall not die. And they did so. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And they said one to another, We are verily guilty concerning our brother, in that we saw the anguish of his soul, whenM
he besought us, and we would not hear; therefore is this distress come upon us. <span class="ver">22</span>And Reuben answered them, saying, Spake I not unto you, saying, Do not sin against the child; and ye would not hear? therefore, behold, also his blood is required. <span class="ver">23</span>And they knew not that Joseph understood them; for he spake unto them by an interpreter. <span class="ver">24</span>And he turned himself about from them, and wept; and returned to them again, and communed with them, and M
took from them Simeon, and bound him before their eyes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>Then Joseph commanded to fill their sacks with corn, and to restore every man
s money into his sack, and to give them provision for the way: and thus did he unto them. <span class="ver">26</span>And they laded their asses with the corn, and departed thence. <span class="ver">27</span>And as one of them opened his sack to give his ass provender in the inn, he espied his money; for, behold, it was in his sack
an class="ver">28</span>And he said unto his brethren, My money is restored; and, lo, it is even in my sack: and their heart failed them, and they were afraid, saying one to another, What is this that God hath done unto us? </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>And they came unto Jacob their father unto the land of Canaan, and told him all that befell unto them; saying, <span class="ver">30</span>The man, who is the lord of the land, spake roughly to us, and took us for spies of the country. <span class="ver">31</spM
an>And we said unto him, We are true men; we are no spies: <span class="ver">32</span>We be twelve brethren, sons of our father; one is not, and the youngest is this day with our father in the land of Canaan. <span class="ver">33</span>And the man, the lord of the country, said unto us, Hereby shall I know that ye are true men; leave one of your brethren here with me, and take food for the famine of your households, and be gone: <span class="ver">34</span>And bring your youngest brother unto me: then shall I know tM
hat ye are no spies, but that ye are true men: so will I deliver you your brother, and ye shall traffick in the land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">35</span>And it came to pass as they emptied their sacks, that, behold, every man
s bundle of money was in his sack: and when both they and their father saw the bundles of money, they were afraid. <span class="ver">36</span>And Jacob their father said unto them, Me have ye bereaved of my children: Joseph is not, and Simeon is not, and ye will take Benjamin away: all theM
se things are against me. <span class="ver">37</span>And Reuben spake unto his father, saying, Slay my two sons, if I bring him not to thee: deliver him into my hand, and I will bring him to thee again. <span class="ver">38</span>And he said, My son shall not go down with you; for his brother is dead, and he is left alone: if mischief befall him by the way in the which ye go, then shall ye bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to the grave.
<h2 id="c43">Chapter 43</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the famiM
ne was sore in the land. <span class="ver">2</span>And it came to pass, when they had eaten up the corn which they had brought out of Egypt, their father said unto them, Go again, buy us a little food. <span class="ver">3</span>And Judah spake unto him, saying, The man did solemnly protest unto us, saying, Ye shall not see my face, except your brother be with you. <span class="ver">4</span>If thou wilt send our brother with us, we will go down and buy thee food: <span class="ver">5</span>But if thou wilt not send hM
im, we will not go down: for the man said unto us, Ye shall not see my face, except your brother be with you. <span class="ver">6</span>And Israel said, Wherefore dealt ye so ill with me, as to tell the man whether ye had yet a brother? <span class="ver">7</span>And they said, The man asked us straitly of our state, and of our kindred, saying, Is your father yet alive? have ye another brother? and we told him according to the tenor of these words: could we certainly know that he would say, Bring your brother down? M
<span class="ver">8</span>And Judah said unto Israel his father, Send the lad with me, and we will arise and go; that we may live, and not die, both we, and thou, and also our little ones. <span class="ver">9</span>I will be surety for him; of my hand shalt thou require him: if I bring him not unto thee, and set him before thee, then let me bear the blame for ever: <span class="ver">10</span>For except we had lingered, surely now we had returned this second time. <span class="ver">11</span>And their father Israel sM
aid unto them, If it must be so now, do this; take of the best fruits in the land in your vessels, and carry down the man a present, a little balm, and a little honey, spices, and myrrh, nuts, and almonds: <span class="ver">12</span>And take double money in your hand; and the money that was brought again in the mouth of your sacks, carry it again in your hand; peradventure it was an oversight: <span class="ver">13</span>Take also your brother, and arise, go again unto the man: <span class="ver">14</span>And God AlmM
ighty give you mercy before the man, that he may send away your other brother, and Benjamin. If I be bereaved of my children, I am bereaved. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And the men took that present, and they took double money in their hand, and Benjamin; and rose up, and went down to Egypt, and stood before Joseph. <span class="ver">16</span>And when Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to the ruler of his house, Bring these men home, and slay, and make ready; for these men shall dine with me at noon. <M
span class="ver">17</span>And the man did as Joseph bade; and the man brought the men into Joseph
s house. <span class="ver">18</span>And the men were afraid, because they were brought into Joseph
s house; and they said, Because of the money that was returned in our sacks at the first time are we brought in; that he may seek occasion against us, and fall upon us, and take us for bondmen, and our asses. <span class="ver">19</span>And they came near to the steward of Joseph
s house, and they communed with him aM
t the door of the house, <span class="ver">20</span>And said, O sir, we came indeed down at the first time to buy food: <span class="ver">21</span>And it came to pass, when we came to the inn, that we opened our sacks, and, behold, every man
s money was in the mouth of his sack, our money in full weight: and we have brought it again in our hand. <span class="ver">22</span>And other money have we brought down in our hands to buy food: we cannot tell who put our money in our sacks. <span class="ver">23</span>And heM
said, Peace be to you, fear not: your God, and the God of your father, hath given you treasure in your sacks: I had your money. And he brought Simeon out unto them. <span class="ver">24</span>And the man brought the men into Joseph
s house, and gave them water, and they washed their feet; and he gave their asses provender. <span class="ver">25</span>And they made ready the present against Joseph came at noon: for they heard that they should eat bread there. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>And when Joseph caM
me home, they brought him the present which was in their hand into the house, and bowed themselves to him to the earth. <span class="ver">27</span>And he asked them of their welfare, and said, Is your father well, the old man of whom ye spake? Is he yet alive? <span class="ver">28</span>And they answered, Thy servant our father is in good health, he is yet alive. And they bowed down their heads, and made obeisance. <span class="ver">29</span>And he lifted up his eyes, and saw his brother Benjamin, his mother
n, and said, Is this your younger brother, of whom ye spake unto me? And he said, God be gracious unto thee, my son. <span class="ver">30</span>And Joseph made haste; for his bowels did yearn upon his brother: and he sought where to weep; and he entered into his chamber, and wept there. <span class="ver">31</span>And he washed his face, and went out, and refrained himself, and said, Set on bread. <span class="ver">32</span>And they set on for him by himself, and for them by themselves, and for the Egyptians, which M
did eat with him, by themselves: because the Egyptians might not eat bread with the Hebrews; for that is an abomination unto the Egyptians. <span class="ver">33</span>And they sat before him, the firstborn according to his birthright, and the youngest according to his youth: and the men marvelled one at another. <span class="ver">34</span>And he took and sent messes unto them from before him: but Benjamin
s mess was five times so much as any of theirs. And they drank, and were merry with him.
<h2 id="c44">ChapM
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And he commanded the steward of his house, saying, Fill the men
s sacks with food, as much as they can carry, and put every man
s mouth. <span class="ver">2</span>And put my cup, the silver cup, in the sack
s mouth of the youngest, and his corn money. And he did according to the word that Joseph had spoken. <span class="ver">3</span>As soon as the morning was light, the men were sent away, they and their asses. <span class="ver">4</span>And wheM
n they were gone out of the city, and not yet far off, Joseph said unto his steward, Up, follow after the men; and when thou dost overtake them, say unto them, Wherefore have ye rewarded evil for good? <span class="ver">5</span>Is not this it in which my lord drinketh, and whereby indeed he divineth? ye have done evil in so doing. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And he overtook them, and he spake unto them these same words. <span class="ver">7</span>And they said unto him, Wherefore saith my lord these words? GM
od forbid that thy servants should do according to this thing: <span class="ver">8</span>Behold, the money, which we found in our sacks
mouths, we brought again unto thee out of the land of Canaan: how then should we steal out of thy lord
s house silver or gold? <span class="ver">9</span>With whomsoever of thy servants it be found, both let him die, and we also will be my lord
s bondmen. <span class="ver">10</span>And he said, Now also let it be according unto your words: he with whom it is found shall be myM
servant; and ye shall be blameless. <span class="ver">11</span>Then they speedily took down every man his sack to the ground, and opened every man his sack. <span class="ver">12</span>And he searched, and began at the eldest, and left at the youngest: and the cup was found in Benjamin
s sack. <span class="ver">13</span>Then they rent their clothes, and laded every man his ass, and returned to the city. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And Judah and his brethren came to Joseph
s house; for he was yet there:M
and they fell before him on the ground. <span class="ver">15</span>And Joseph said unto them, What deed is this that ye have done? wot ye not that such a man as I can certainly divine? <span class="ver">16</span>And Judah said, What shall we say unto my lord? what shall we speak? or how shall we clear ourselves? God hath found out the iniquity of thy servants: behold, we are my lord
s servants, both we, and he also with whom the cup is found. <span class="ver">17</span>And he said, God forbid that I should do soM
: but the man in whose hand the cup is found, he shall be my servant; and as for you, get you up in peace unto your father. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Then Judah came near unto him, and said, Oh my lord, let thy servant, I pray thee, speak a word in my lord
s ears, and let not thine anger burn against thy servant: for thou art even as Pharaoh. <span class="ver">19</span>My lord asked his servants, saying, Have ye a father, or a brother? <span class="ver">20</span>And we said unto my lord, We have a fathM
er, an old man, and a child of his old age, a little one; and his brother is dead, and he alone is left of his mother, and his father loveth him. <span class="ver">21</span>And thou saidst unto thy servants, Bring him down unto me, that I may set mine eyes upon him. <span class="ver">22</span>And we said unto my lord, The lad cannot leave his father: for if he should leave his father, his father would die. <span class="ver">23</span>And thou saidst unto thy servants, Except your youngest brother come down with you,M
ye shall see my face no more. <span class="ver">24</span>And it came to pass when we came up unto thy servant my father, we told him the words of my lord. <span class="ver">25</span>And our father said, Go again, and buy us a little food. <span class="ver">26</span>And we said, We cannot go down: if our youngest brother be with us, then will we go down: for we may not see the man
s face, except our youngest brother be with us. <span class="ver">27</span>And thy servant my father said unto us, Ye know that my wifM
e bare me two sons: <span class="ver">28</span>And the one went out from me, and I said, Surely he is torn in pieces; and I saw him not since: <span class="ver">29</span>And if ye take this also from me, and mischief befall him, ye shall bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to the grave. <span class="ver">30</span>Now therefore when I come to thy servant my father, and the lad be not with us; seeing that his life is bound up in the lad
s life; <span class="ver">31</span>It shall come to pass, when he seeth that tM
he lad is not with us, that he will die: and thy servants shall bring down the gray hairs of thy servant our father with sorrow to the grave. <span class="ver">32</span>For thy servant became surety for the lad unto my father, saying, If I bring him not unto thee, then I shall bear the blame to my father for ever. <span class="ver">33</span>Now therefore, I pray thee, let thy servant abide instead of the lad a bondman to my lord; and let the lad go up with his brethren. <span class="ver">34</span>For how shall I goM
up to my father, and the lad be not with me? lest peradventure I see the evil that shall come on my father.
<h2 id="c45">Chapter 45</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then Joseph could not refrain himself before all them that stood by him; and he cried, Cause every man to go out from me. And there stood no man with him, while Joseph made himself known unto his brethren. <span class="ver">2</span>And he wept aloud: and the Egyptians and the house of Pharaoh heard. <span class="ver">3</span>And Joseph said untoM
his brethren, I am Joseph; doth my father yet live? And his brethren could not answer him; for they were troubled at his presence. <span class="ver">4</span>And Joseph said unto his brethren, Come near to me, I pray you. And they came near. And he said, I am Joseph your brother, whom ye sold into Egypt. <span class="ver">5</span>Now therefore be not grieved, nor angry with yourselves, that ye sold me hither: for God did send me before you to preserve life. <span class="ver">6</span>For these two years hath the famM
ine been in the land: and yet there are five years, in the which there shall neither be earing nor harvest. <span class="ver">7</span>And God sent me before you to preserve you a posterity in the earth, and to save your lives by a great deliverance. <span class="ver">8</span>So now it was not you that sent me hither, but God: and he hath made me a father to Pharaoh, and lord of all his house, and a ruler throughout all the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">9</span>Haste ye, and go up to my father, and say unto him, M
Thus saith thy son Joseph, God hath made me lord of all Egypt: come down unto me, tarry not: <span class="ver">10</span>And thou shalt dwell in the land of Goshen, and thou shalt be near unto me, thou, and thy children, and thy children
s children, and thy flocks, and thy herds, and all that thou hast: <span class="ver">11</span>And there will I nourish thee; for yet there are five years of famine; lest thou, and thy household, and all that thou hast, come to poverty. <span class="ver">12</span>And, behold, your M
eyes see, and the eyes of my brother Benjamin, that it is my mouth that speaketh unto you. <span class="ver">13</span>And ye shall tell my father of all my glory in Egypt, and of all that ye have seen; and ye shall haste and bring down my father hither. <span class="ver">14</span>And he fell upon his brother Benjamin
s neck, and wept; and Benjamin wept upon his neck. <span class="ver">15</span>Moreover he kissed all his brethren, and wept upon them: and after that his brethren talked with him. </p>
ss="ver">16</span>And the fame thereof was heard in Pharaoh
s house, saying, Joseph
s brethren are come: and it pleased Pharaoh well, and his servants. <span class="ver">17</span>And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, Say unto thy brethren, This do ye; lade your beasts, and go, get you unto the land of Canaan; <span class="ver">18</span>And take your father and your households, and come unto me: and I will give you the good of the land of Egypt, and ye shall eat the fat of the land. <span class="ver">19</span>Now thou aM
rt commanded, this do ye; take you wagons out of the land of Egypt for your little ones, and for your wives, and bring your father, and come. <span class="ver">20</span>Also regard not your stuff; for the good of all the land of Egypt is yours. <span class="ver">21</span>And the children of Israel did so: and Joseph gave them wagons, according to the commandment of Pharaoh, and gave them provision for the way. <span class="ver">22</span>To all of them he gave each man changes of raiment; but to Benjamin he gave thrM
ee hundred pieces of silver, and five changes of raiment. <span class="ver">23</span>And to his father he sent after this manner; ten asses laden with the good things of Egypt, and ten she asses laden with corn and bread and meat for his father by the way. <span class="ver">24</span>So he sent his brethren away, and they departed: and he said unto them, See that ye fall not out by the way. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And they went up out of Egypt, and came into the land of Canaan unto Jacob their father, <M
span class="ver">26</span>And told him, saying, Joseph is yet alive, and he is governor over all the land of Egypt. And Jacob
s heart fainted, for he believed them not. <span class="ver">27</span>And they told him all the words of Joseph, which he had said unto them: and when he saw the wagons which Joseph had sent to carry him, the spirit of Jacob their father revived: <span class="ver">28</span>And Israel said, It is enough; Joseph my son is yet alive: I will go and see him before I die.
<h2 id="c46">ChapterM
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Israel took his journey with all that he had, and came to Beer-sheba, and offered sacrifices unto the God of his father Isaac. <span class="ver">2</span>And God spake unto Israel in the visions of the night, and said, Jacob, Jacob. And he said, Here am I. <span class="ver">3</span>And he said, I am God, the God of thy father: fear not to go down into Egypt; for I will there make of thee a great nation: <span class="ver">4</span>I will go down with thee into Egypt; and I M
will also surely bring thee up again: and Joseph shall put his hand upon thine eyes. <span class="ver">5</span>And Jacob rose up from Beer-sheba: and the sons of Israel carried Jacob their father, and their little ones, and their wives, in the wagons which Pharaoh had sent to carry him. <span class="ver">6</span>And they took their cattle, and their goods, which they had gotten in the land of Canaan, and came into Egypt, Jacob, and all his seed with him: <span class="ver">7</span>His sons, and his sons
him, his daughters, and his sons
daughters, and all his seed brought he with him into Egypt. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And these are the names of the children of Israel, which came into Egypt, Jacob and his sons: Reuben, Jacob
s firstborn. <span class="ver">9</span>And the sons of Reuben; Hanoch, and Phallu, and Hezron, and Carmi. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And the sons of Simeon; Jemuel, and Jamin, and Ohad, and Jachin, and Zohar, and Shaul the son of a Canaanitish woman. </p>
class="ver">11</span>And the sons of Levi; Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And the sons of Judah; Er, and Onan, and Shelah, and Pharez, and Zerah: but Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan. And the sons of Pharez were Hezron and Hamul. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And the sons of Issachar; Tola, and Phuvah, and Job, and Shimron. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And the sons of Zebulun; Sered, and Elon, and Jahleel. <span class="ver">15</span>These be the sons of Leah, M
which she bare unto Jacob in Padan-aram, with his daughter Dinah: all the souls of his sons and his daughters were thirty and three. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And the sons of Gad; Ziphion, and Haggi, Shuni, and Ezbon, Eri, and Arodi, and Areli. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And the sons of Asher; Jimnah, and Ishuah, and Isui, and Beriah, and Serah their sister: and the sons of Beriah; Heber, and Malchiel. <span class="ver">18</span>These are the sons of Zilpah, whom Laban gave to Leah his daughterM
, and these she bare unto Jacob, even sixteen souls. <span class="ver">19</span>The sons of Rachel Jacob
s wife; Joseph, and Benjamin. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And unto Joseph in the land of Egypt were born Manasseh and Ephraim, which Asenath the daughter of Poti-pherah priest of On bare unto him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And the sons of Benjamin were Belah, and Becher, and Ashbel, Gera, and Naaman, Ehi, and Rosh, Muppim, and Huppim, and Ard. <span class="ver">22</span>These are the sons oM
f Rachel, which were born to Jacob: all the souls were fourteen. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And the sons of Dan; Hushim. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And the sons of Naphtali; Jahzeel, and Guni, and Jezer, and Shillem. <span class="ver">25</span>These are the sons of Bilhah, which Laban gave unto Rachel his daughter, and she bare these unto Jacob: all the souls were seven. <span class="ver">26</span>All the souls that came with Jacob into Egypt, which came out of his loins, besides Jacob
wives, all the souls were threescore and six; <span class="ver">27</span>And the sons of Joseph, which were born him in Egypt, were two souls: all the souls of the house of Jacob, which came into Egypt, were threescore and ten. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>And he sent Judah before him unto Joseph, to direct his face unto Goshen; and they came into the land of Goshen. <span class="ver">29</span>And Joseph made ready his chariot, and went up to meet Israel his father, to Goshen, and presented himself unto M
him; and he fell on his neck, and wept on his neck a good while. <span class="ver">30</span>And Israel said unto Joseph, Now let me die, since I have seen thy face, because thou art yet alive. <span class="ver">31</span>And Joseph said unto his brethren, and unto his father
s house, I will go up, and shew Pharaoh, and say unto him, My brethren, and my father
s house, which were in the land of Canaan, are come unto me; <span class="ver">32</span>And the men are shepherds, for their trade hath been to feed cattleM
; and they have brought their flocks, and their herds, and all that they have. <span class="ver">33</span>And it shall come to pass, when Pharaoh shall call you, and shall say, What is your occupation? <span class="ver">34</span>That ye shall say, Thy servants
trade hath been about cattle from our youth even until now, both we, and also our fathers: that ye may dwell in the land of Goshen; for every shepherd is an abomination unto the Egyptians.
<h2 id="c47">Chapter 47</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>TheM
n Joseph came and told Pharaoh, and said, My father and my brethren, and their flocks, and their herds, and all that they have, are come out of the land of Canaan; and, behold, they are in the land of Goshen. <span class="ver">2</span>And he took some of his brethren, even five men, and presented them unto Pharaoh. <span class="ver">3</span>And Pharaoh said unto his brethren, What is your occupation? And they said unto Pharaoh, Thy servants are shepherds, both we, and also our fathers. <span class="ver">4</span>TheM
y said moreover unto Pharaoh, For to sojourn in the land are we come; for thy servants have no pasture for their flocks; for the famine is sore in the land of Canaan: now therefore, we pray thee, let thy servants dwell in the land of Goshen. <span class="ver">5</span>And Pharaoh spake unto Joseph, saying, Thy father and thy brethren are come unto thee: <span class="ver">6</span>The land of Egypt is before thee; in the best of the land make thy father and brethren to dwell; in the land of Goshen let them dwell: and M
if thou knowest any men of activity among them, then make them rulers over my cattle. <span class="ver">7</span>And Joseph brought in Jacob his father, and set him before Pharaoh: and Jacob blessed Pharaoh. <span class="ver">8</span>And Pharaoh said unto Jacob, How old art thou? <span class="ver">9</span>And Jacob said unto Pharaoh, The days of the years of my pilgrimage are an hundred and thirty years: few and evil have the days of the years of my life been, and have not attained unto the days of the years of the M
life of my fathers in the days of their pilgrimage. <span class="ver">10</span>And Jacob blessed Pharaoh, and went out from before Pharaoh. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And Joseph placed his father and his brethren, and gave them a possession in the land of Egypt, in the best of the land, in the land of Rameses, as Pharaoh had commanded. <span class="ver">12</span>And Joseph nourished his father, and his brethren, and all his father
s household, with bread, according to their families. </p>
ss="ver">13</span>And there was no bread in all the land; for the famine was very sore, so that the land of Egypt and all the land of Canaan fainted by reason of the famine. <span class="ver">14</span>And Joseph gathered up all the money that was found in the land of Egypt, and in the land of Canaan, for the corn which they bought: and Joseph brought the money into Pharaoh
s house. <span class="ver">15</span>And when money failed in the land of Egypt, and in the land of Canaan, all the Egyptians came unto Joseph,M
and said, Give us bread: for why should we die in thy presence? for the money faileth. <span class="ver">16</span>And Joseph said, Give your cattle; and I will give you for your cattle, if money fail. <span class="ver">17</span>And they brought their cattle unto Joseph: and Joseph gave them bread in exchange for horses, and for the flocks, and for the cattle of the herds, and for the asses: and he fed them with bread for all their cattle for that year. <span class="ver">18</span>When that year was ended, they cameM
unto him the second year, and said unto him, We will not hide it from my lord, how that our money is spent; my lord also hath our herds of cattle; there is not ought left in the sight of my lord, but our bodies, and our lands: <span class="ver">19</span>Wherefore shall we die before thine eyes, both we and our land? buy us and our land for bread, and we and our land will be servants unto Pharaoh: and give us seed, that we may live, and not die, that the land be not desolate. <span class="ver">20</span>And Joseph bM
ought all the land of Egypt for Pharaoh; for the Egyptians sold every man his field, because the famine prevailed over them: so the land became Pharaoh
s. <span class="ver">21</span>And as for the people, he removed them to cities from one end of the borders of Egypt even to the other end thereof. <span class="ver">22</span>Only the land of the priests bought he not; for the priests had a portion assigned them of Pharaoh, and did eat their portion which Pharaoh gave them: wherefore they sold not their lands. <spaM
n class="ver">23</span>Then Joseph said unto the people, Behold, I have bought you this day and your land for Pharaoh: lo, here is seed for you, and ye shall sow the land. <span class="ver">24</span>And it shall come to pass in the increase, that ye shall give the fifth part unto Pharaoh, and four parts shall be your own, for seed of the field, and for your food, and for them of your households, and for food for your little ones. <span class="ver">25</span>And they said, Thou hast saved our lives: let us find graceM
in the sight of my lord, and we will be Pharaoh
s servants. <span class="ver">26</span>And Joseph made it a law over the land of Egypt unto this day, that Pharaoh should have the fifth part; except the land of the priests only, which became not Pharaoh
<p><span class="ver">27</span>And Israel dwelt in the land of Egypt, in the country of Goshen; and they had possessions therein, and grew, and multiplied exceedingly. <span class="ver">28</span>And Jacob lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years: so tM
he whole age of Jacob was an hundred forty and seven years. <span class="ver">29</span>And the time drew nigh that Israel must die: and he called his son Joseph, and said unto him, If now I have found grace in thy sight, put, I pray thee, thy hand under my thigh, and deal kindly and truly with me; bury me not, I pray thee, in Egypt: <span class="ver">30</span>But I will lie with my fathers, and thou shalt carry me out of Egypt, and bury me in their buryingplace. And he said, I will do as thou hast said. <span classM
="ver">31</span>And he said, Swear unto me. And he sware unto him. And Israel bowed himself upon the bed
<h2 id="c48">Chapter 48</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass after these things, that one told Joseph, Behold, thy father is sick: and he took with him his two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim. <span class="ver">2</span>And one told Jacob, and said, Behold, thy son Joseph cometh unto thee: and Israel strengthened himself, and sat upon the bed. <span class="ver">3</span>And Jacob said uM
nto Joseph, God Almighty appeared unto me at Luz in the land of Canaan, and blessed me, <span class="ver">4</span>And said unto me, Behold, I will make thee fruitful, and multiply thee, and I will make of thee a multitude of people; and will give this land to thy seed after thee for an everlasting possession. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And now thy two sons, Ephraim and Manasseh, which were born unto thee in the land of Egypt before I came unto thee into Egypt, are mine; as Reuben and Simeon, they shall be M
mine. <span class="ver">6</span>And thy issue, which thou begettest after them, shall be thine, and shall be called after the name of their brethren in their inheritance. <span class="ver">7</span>And as for me, when I came from Padan, Rachel died by me in the land of Canaan in the way, when yet there was but a little way to come unto Ephrath: and I buried her there in the way of Ephrath; the same is Beth-lehem. <span class="ver">8</span>And Israel beheld Joseph
s sons, and said, Who are these? <span class="ver">M
9</span>And Joseph said unto his father, They are my sons, whom God hath given me in this place. And he said, Bring them, I pray thee, unto me, and I will bless them. <span class="ver">10</span>Now the eyes of Israel were dim for age, so that he could not see. And he brought them near unto him; and he kissed them, and embraced them. <span class="ver">11</span>And Israel said unto Joseph, I had not thought to see thy face: and, lo, God hath shewed me also thy seed. <span class="ver">12</span>And Joseph brought them M
out from between his knees, and he bowed himself with his face to the earth. <span class="ver">13</span>And Joseph took them both, Ephraim in his right hand toward Israel
s left hand, and Manasseh in his left hand toward Israel
s right hand, and brought them near unto him. <span class="ver">14</span>And Israel stretched out his right hand, and laid it upon Ephraim
s head, who was the younger, and his left hand upon Manasseh
s head, guiding his hands wittingly; for Manasseh was the firstborn. </p>
class="ver">15</span>And he blessed Joseph, and said, God, before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac did walk, the God which fed me all my life long unto this day, <span class="ver">16</span>The Angel which redeemed me from all evil, bless the lads; and let my name be named on them, and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac; and let them grow into a multitude in the midst of the earth. <span class="ver">17</span>And when Joseph saw that his father laid his right hand upon the head of Ephraim, it displeased him: M
and he held up his father
s hand, to remove it from Ephraim
s head unto Manasseh
s head. <span class="ver">18</span>And Joseph said unto his father, Not so, my father: for this is the firstborn; put thy right hand upon his head. <span class="ver">19</span>And his father refused, and said, I know it, my son, I know it: he also shall become a people, and he also shall be great: but truly his younger brother shall be greater than he, and his seed shall become a multitude of nations. <span class="ver">20</span>AnM
d he blessed them that day, saying, In thee shall Israel bless, saying, God make thee as Ephraim and as Manasseh: and he set Ephraim before Manasseh. <span class="ver">21</span>And Israel said unto Joseph, Behold, I die: but God shall be with you, and bring you again unto the land of your fathers. <span class="ver">22</span>Moreover I have given to thee one portion above thy brethren, which I took out of the hand of the Amorite with my sword and with my bow.
<h2 id="c49">Chapter 49</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1M
</span>And Jacob called unto his sons, and said, Gather yourselves together, that I may tell you that which shall befall you in the last days. <span class="ver">2</span>Gather yourselves together, and hear, ye sons of Jacob; and hearken unto Israel your father. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Reuben, thou art my firstborn, my might, and the beginning of my strength, the excellency of dignity, and the excellency of power: <span class="ver">4</span>Unstable as water, thou shalt not excel; because thou wentest up M
s bed; then defiledst thou it: he went up to my couch. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Simeon and Levi are brethren; instruments of cruelty are in their habitations. <span class="ver">6</span>O my soul, come not thou into their secret; unto their assembly, mine honour, be not thou united: for in their anger they slew a man, and in their selfwill they digged down a wall. <span class="ver">7</span>Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce; and their wrath, for it was cruel: I will divide them in JaM
cob, and scatter them in Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Judah, thou art he whom thy brethren shall praise: thy hand shall be in the neck of thine enemies; thy father
s children shall bow down before thee. <span class="ver">9</span>Judah is a lion
s whelp: from the prey, my son, thou art gone up: he stooped down, he couched as a lion, and as an old lion; who shall rouse him up? <span class="ver">10</span>The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh comeM
; and unto him shall the gathering of the people be. <span class="ver">11</span>Binding his foal unto the vine, and his ass
s colt unto the choice vine; he washed his garments in wine, and his clothes in the blood of grapes: <span class="ver">12</span>His eyes shall be red with wine, and his teeth white with milk. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Zebulun shall dwell at the haven of the sea; and he shall be for an haven of ships; and his border shall be unto Zidon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>IssacharM
is a strong ass couching down between two burdens: <span class="ver">15</span>And he saw that rest was good, and the land that it was pleasant; and bowed his shoulder to bear, and became a servant unto tribute. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Dan shall judge his people, as one of the tribes of Israel. <span class="ver">17</span>Dan shall be a serpent by the way, an adder in the path, that biteth the horse heels, so that his rider shall fall backward. <span class="ver">18</span>I have waited for thy salvation,M
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Gad, a troop shall overcome him: but he shall overcome at the last. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Out of Asher his bread shall be fat, and he shall yield royal dainties. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Naphtali is a hind let loose: he giveth goodly words. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Joseph is a fruitful bough, even a fruitful bough by a well; whose branches run over the wall: <span class="ver">23</span>The archers have sorely grieved him, and shot aM
t him, and hated him: <span class="ver">24</span>But his bow abode in strength, and the arms of his hands were made strong by the hands of the mighty God of Jacob; (from thence is the shepherd, the stone of Israel:) <span class="ver">25</span>Even by the God of thy father, who shall help thee; and by the Almighty, who shall bless thee with blessings of heaven above, blessings of the deep that lieth under, blessings of the breasts, and of the womb: <span class="ver">26</span>The blessings of thy father have prevaileM
d above the blessings of my progenitors unto the utmost bound of the everlasting hills: they shall be on the head of Joseph, and on the crown of the head of him that was separate from his brethren. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>Benjamin shall ravin as a wolf: in the morning he shall devour the prey, and at night he shall divide the spoil. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>All these are the twelve tribes of Israel: and this is it that their father spake unto them, and blessed them; every one according to hM
is blessing he blessed them. <span class="ver">29</span>And he charged them, and said unto them, I am to be gathered unto my people: bury me with my fathers in the cave that is in the field of Ephron the Hittite, <span class="ver">30</span>In the cave that is in the field of Machpelah, which is before Mamre, in the land of Canaan, which Abraham bought with the field of Ephron the Hittite for a possession of a buryingplace. <span class="ver">31</span>There they buried Abraham and Sarah his wife; there they buried IsM
aac and Rebekah his wife; and there I buried Leah. <span class="ver">32</span>The purchase of the field and of the cave that is therein was from the children of Heth. <span class="ver">33</span>And when Jacob had made an end of commanding his sons, he gathered up his feet into the bed, and yielded up the ghost, and was gathered unto his people.
<h2 id="c50">Chapter 50</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Joseph fell upon his father
s face, and wept upon him, and kissed him. <span class="ver">2</span>And JoM
seph commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his father: and the physicians embalmed Israel. <span class="ver">3</span>And forty days were fulfilled for him; for so are fulfilled the days of those which are embalmed: and the Egyptians mourned for him threescore and ten days. <span class="ver">4</span>And when the days of his mourning were past, Joseph spake unto the house of Pharaoh, saying, If now I have found grace in your eyes, speak, I pray you, in the ears of Pharaoh, saying, <span class="ver">5</span>M
My father made me swear, saying, Lo, I die: in my grave which I have digged for me in the land of Canaan, there shalt thou bury me. Now therefore let me go up, I pray thee, and bury my father, and I will come again. <span class="ver">6</span>And Pharaoh said, Go up, and bury thy father, according as he made thee swear. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And Joseph went up to bury his father: and with him went up all the servants of Pharaoh, the elders of his house, and all the elders of the land of Egypt, <span clM
ass="ver">8</span>And all the house of Joseph, and his brethren, and his father
s house: only their little ones, and their flocks, and their herds, they left in the land of Goshen. <span class="ver">9</span>And there went up with him both chariots and horsemen: and it was a very great company. <span class="ver">10</span>And they came to the threshingfloor of Atad, which is beyond Jordan, and there they mourned with a great and very sore lamentation: and he made a mourning for his father seven days. <span class="vM
er">11</span>And when the inhabitants of the land, the Canaanites, saw the mourning in the floor of Atad, they said, This is a grievous mourning to the Egyptians: wherefore the name of it was called Abel-mizraim, which is beyond Jordan. <span class="ver">12</span>And his sons did unto him according as he commanded them: <span class="ver">13</span>For his sons carried him into the land of Canaan, and buried him in the cave of the field of Machpelah, which Abraham bought with the field for a possession of a buryingplM
ace of Ephron the Hittite, before Mamre. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And Joseph returned into Egypt, he, and his brethren, and all that went up with him to bury his father, after he had buried his father. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And when Joseph
s brethren saw that their father was dead, they said, Joseph will peradventure hate us, and will certainly requite us all the evil which we did unto him. <span class="ver">16</span>And they sent a messenger unto Joseph, saying, Thy father did command M
before he died, saying, <span class="ver">17</span>So shall ye say unto Joseph, Forgive, I pray thee now, the trespass of thy brethren, and their sin; for they did unto thee evil: and now, we pray thee, forgive the trespass of the servants of the God of thy father. And Joseph wept when they spake unto him. <span class="ver">18</span>And his brethren also went and fell down before his face; and they said, Behold, we be thy servants. <span class="ver">19</span>And Joseph said unto them, Fear not: for am I in the placM
e of God? <span class="ver">20</span>But as for you, ye thought evil against me; but God meant it unto good, to bring to pass, as it is this day, to save much people alive. <span class="ver">21</span>Now therefore fear ye not: I will nourish you, and your little ones. And he comforted them, and spake kindly unto them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And Joseph dwelt in Egypt, he, and his father
s house: and Joseph lived an hundred and ten years. <span class="ver">23</span>And Joseph saw Ephraim
of the third generation: the children also of Machir the son of Manasseh were brought up upon Joseph
s knees. <span class="ver">24</span>And Joseph said unto his brethren, I die: and God will surely visit you, and bring you out of this land unto the land which he sware to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob. <span class="ver">25</span>And Joseph took an oath of the children of Israel, saying, God will surely visit you, and ye shall carry up my bones from hence. <span class="ver">26</span>So Joseph died, being an hundL
red and ten years old: and they embalmed him, and he was put in a coffin in Egypt. </p>
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<title>ISAIAH</title>
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<span>THE BOOK OF THE PROPHET</span>
<div class="content-table">
<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">M
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="#c10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="#c11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="#c12">12</a></li>
<li><a href="#c13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="#c14">14</a></li>
<li><a href="#c15">15</a></li>
<li><a href="#c1M
<li><a href="#c17">17</a></li>
<li><a href="#c18">18</a></li>
<li><a href="#c19">19</a></li>
<li><a href="#c20">20</a></li>
<li><a href="#c21">21</a></li>
<li><a href="#c22">22</a></li>
<li><a href="#c23">23</a></li>
<li><a href="#c24">24</a></li>
<li><a href="#c25">25</a></li>
<li><a href="#c26">26</a></li>
<li><a href="#c27">27</a></li>
<li><a href="#c28">28</a></li>
<li><a href="#c29">29</a></li>
<li><a href="#c30">30</a></li>
<li><a href="#c31">31</a></li>
<li><a href="#c32">32</a></li>
<li><a href="#c33">33</a></li>
<li><a href="#c34">34</a></li>
<li><a href="#c35">35</a></li>
<li><a href="#c36">36</a></li>
<li><a href="#c37">37</a></li>
<li><a href="#c38">38</a></li>
<li><a href="#c39">39</a></li>
<li><a href="#c40">40</a></li>
<li><a href="#c41">41</a></li>
<li><a href="#c42">42</a></li>
<li><a href="#c43">43</a></li>
<li><a href="#c44">44</a></li>
<li><a href="#c46">46</a></li>
<li><a href="#c47">47</a></li>
<li><a href="#c48">48</a></li>
<li><a href="#c49">49</a></li>
<li><a href="#c50">50</a></li>
<li><a href="#c51">51</a></li>
<li><a href="#c52">52</a></li>
<li><a href="#c53">53</a></li>
<li><a href="#c54">54</a></li>
<li><a href="#c55">55</a></li>
<li><a href="#c56">56</a></li>
<li><a href="#c57">57</a></li>
<li><a href="#c58">58</a></li>
<li><a href="#c59">59</a></lM
<li><a href="#c60">60</a></li>
<li><a href="#c61">61</a></li>
<li><a href="#c62">62</a></li>
<li><a href="#c63">63</a></li>
<li><a href="#c64">64</a></li>
<li><a href="#c65">65</a></li>
<li><a href="#c66">66</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah. <span class="ver">2</span>Hear, O M
heavens, and give ear, O earth: for the LORD hath spoken, I have nourished and brought up children, and they have rebelled against me. <span class="ver">3</span>The ox knoweth his owner, and the ass his master
s crib: but Israel doth not know, my people doth not consider. <span class="ver">4</span>Ah sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a seed of evildoers, children that are corrupters: they have forsaken the LORD, they have provoked the Holy One of Israel unto anger, they are gone away backward. </p>
p><span class="ver">5</span>Why should ye be stricken any more? ye will revolt more and more: the whole head is sick, and the whole heart faint. <span class="ver">6</span>From the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no soundness in it; but wounds, and bruises, and putrifying sores: they have not been closed, neither bound up, neither mollified with ointment. <span class="ver">7</span>Your country is desolate, your cities are burned with fire: your land, strangers devour it in your presence, and it is desolM
ate, as overthrown by strangers. <span class="ver">8</span>And the daughter of Zion is left as a cottage in a vineyard, as a lodge in a garden of cucumbers, as a besieged city. <span class="ver">9</span>Except the LORD of hosts had left unto us a very small remnant, we should have been as Sodom, and we should have been like unto Gomorrah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Hear the word of the LORD, ye rulers of Sodom; give ear unto the law of our God, ye people of Gomorrah. <span class="ver">11</span>To what purM
pose is the multitude of your sacrifices unto me? saith the LORD: I am full of the burnt offerings of rams, and the fat of fed beasts; and I delight not in the blood of bullocks, or of lambs, or of he goats. <span class="ver">12</span>When ye come to appear before me, who hath required this at your hand, to tread my courts? <span class="ver">13</span>Bring no more vain oblations; incense is an abomination unto me; the new moons and sabbaths, the calling of assemblies, I cannot away with; it is iniquity, even the soM
lemn meeting. <span class="ver">14</span>Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hateth: they are a trouble unto me; I am weary to bear them. <span class="ver">15</span>And when ye spread forth your hands, I will hide mine eyes from you: yea, when ye make many prayers, I will not hear: your hands are full of blood. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Wash you, make you clean; put away the evil of your doings from before mine eyes; cease to do evil; <span class="ver">17</span>Learn to do well; seek judgmenM
t, relieve the oppressed, judge the fatherless, plead for the widow. <span class="ver">18</span>Come now, and let us reason together, saith the LORD: though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they be red like crimson, they shall be as wool. <span class="ver">19</span>If ye be willing and obedient, ye shall eat the good of the land: <span class="ver">20</span>But if ye refuse and rebel, ye shall be devoured with the sword: for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken it. </p>
ver">21</span>How is the faithful city become an harlot! it was full of judgment; righteousness lodged in it; but now murderers. <span class="ver">22</span>Thy silver is become dross, thy wine mixed with water: <span class="ver">23</span>Thy princes are rebellious, and companions of thieves: every one loveth gifts, and followeth after rewards: they judge not the fatherless, neither doth the cause of the widow come unto them. <span class="ver">24</span>Therefore saith the Lord, the LORD of hosts, the mighty One of IM
srael, Ah, I will ease me of mine adversaries, and avenge me of mine enemies: </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And I will turn my hand upon thee, and purely purge away thy dross, and take away all thy tin: <span class="ver">26</span>And I will restore thy judges as at the first, and thy counsellors as at the beginning: afterward thou shalt be called, The city of righteousness, the faithful city. <span class="ver">27</span>Zion shall be redeemed with judgment, and her converts with righteousness. </p>
class="ver">28</span>And the destruction of the transgressors and of the sinners shall be together, and they that forsake the LORD shall be consumed. <span class="ver">29</span>For they shall be ashamed of the oaks which ye have desired, and ye shall be confounded for the gardens that ye have chosen. <span class="ver">30</span>For ye shall be as an oak whose leaf fadeth, and as a garden that hath no water. <span class="ver">31</span>And the strong shall be as tow, and the maker of it as a spark, and they shall botM
h burn together, and none shall quench them.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The word that Isaiah the son of Amoz saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem. <span class="ver">2</span>And it shall come to pass in the last days, that the mountain of the LORD
s house shall be established in the top of the mountains, and shall be exalted above the hills; and all nations shall flow unto it. <span class="ver">3</span>And many people shall go and say, Come ye, and let us go up to the mountain of tM
he LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob; and he will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths: for out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem. <span class="ver">4</span>And he shall judge among the nations, and shall rebuke many people: and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more. <span class="ver">5</span>O house of Jacob, come ye, and let us wM
alk in the light of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Therefore thou hast forsaken thy people the house of Jacob, because they be replenished from the east, and are soothsayers like the Philistines, and they please themselves in the children of strangers. <span class="ver">7</span>Their land also is full of silver and gold, neither is there any end of their treasures; their land is also full of horses, neither is there any end of their chariots: <span class="ver">8</span>Their land also is full of idolsM
; they worship the work of their own hands, that which their own fingers have made: <span class="ver">9</span>And the mean man boweth down, and the great man humbleth himself: therefore forgive them not. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Enter into the rock, and hide thee in the dust, for fear of the LORD, and for the glory of his majesty. <span class="ver">11</span>The lofty looks of man shall be humbled, and the haughtiness of men shall be bowed down, and the LORD alone shall be exalted in that day. <span clasM
s="ver">12</span>For the day of the LORD of hosts shall be upon every one that is proud and lofty, and upon every one that is lifted up; and he shall be brought low: <span class="ver">13</span>And upon all the cedars of Lebanon, that are high and lifted up, and upon all the oaks of Bashan, <span class="ver">14</span>And upon all the high mountains, and upon all the hills that are lifted up, <span class="ver">15</span>And upon every high tower, and upon every fenced wall, <span class="ver">16</span>And upon all the M
ships of Tarshish, and upon all pleasant pictures. <span class="ver">17</span>And the loftiness of man shall be bowed down, and the haughtiness of men shall be made low: and the LORD alone shall be exalted in that day. <span class="ver">18</span>And the idols he shall utterly abolish. <span class="ver">19</span>And they shall go into the holes of the rocks, and into the caves of the earth, for fear of the LORD, and for the glory of his majesty, when he ariseth to shake terribly the earth. <span class="ver">20</spanM
>In that day a man shall cast his idols of silver, and his idols of gold, which they made each one for himself to worship, to the moles and to the bats; <span class="ver">21</span>To go into the clefts of the rocks, and into the tops of the ragged rocks, for fear of the LORD, and for the glory of his majesty, when he ariseth to shake terribly the earth. <span class="ver">22</span>Cease ye from man, whose breath is in his nostrils: for wherein is he to be accounted of?
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
="ver">1</span>For, behold, the Lord, the LORD of hosts, doth take away from Jerusalem and from Judah the stay and the staff, the whole stay of bread, and the whole stay of water, <span class="ver">2</span>The mighty man, and the man of war, the judge, and the prophet, and the prudent, and the ancient, <span class="ver">3</span>The captain of fifty, and the honourable man, and the counsellor, and the cunning artificer, and the eloquent orator. <span class="ver">4</span>And I will give children to be their princes, M
and babes shall rule over them. <span class="ver">5</span>And the people shall be oppressed, every one by another, and every one by his neighbour: the child shall behave himself proudly against the ancient, and the base against the honourable. <span class="ver">6</span>When a man shall take hold of his brother of the house of his father, saying, Thou hast clothing, be thou our ruler, and let this ruin be under thy hand: <span class="ver">7</span>In that day shall he swear, saying, I will not be an healer; for in myM
house is neither bread nor clothing: make me not a ruler of the people. <span class="ver">8</span>For Jerusalem is ruined, and Judah is fallen: because their tongue and their doings are against the LORD, to provoke the eyes of his glory. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>The shew of their countenance doth witness against them; and they declare their sin as Sodom, they hide it not. Woe unto their soul! for they have rewarded evil unto themselves. <span class="ver">10</span>Say ye to the righteous, that it shall bM
e well with him: for they shall eat the fruit of their doings. <span class="ver">11</span>Woe unto the wicked! it shall be ill with him: for the reward of his hands shall be given him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>As for my people, children are their oppressors, and women rule over them. O my people, they which lead thee cause thee to err, and destroy the way of thy paths. <span class="ver">13</span>The LORD standeth up to plead, and standeth to judge the people. <span class="ver">14</span>The LORD will entM
er into judgment with the ancients of his people, and the princes thereof: for ye have eaten up the vineyard; the spoil of the poor is in your houses. <span class="ver">15</span>What mean ye that ye beat my people to pieces, and grind the faces of the poor? saith the Lord GOD of hosts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Moreover the LORD saith, Because the daughters of Zion are haughty, and walk with stretched forth necks and wanton eyes, walking and mincing as they go, and making a tinkling with their feet: <spaM
n class="ver">17</span>Therefore the Lord will smite with a scab the crown of the head of the daughters of Zion, and the LORD will discover their secret parts. <span class="ver">18</span>In that day the Lord will take away the bravery of their tinkling ornaments about their feet, and their cauls, and their round tires like the moon, <span class="ver">19</span>The chains, and the bracelets, and the mufflers, <span class="ver">20</span>The bonnets, and the ornaments of the legs, and the headbands, and the tablets, anM
d the earrings, <span class="ver">21</span>The rings, and nose jewels, <span class="ver">22</span>The changeable suits of apparel, and the mantles, and the wimples, and the crisping pins, <span class="ver">23</span>The glasses, and the fine linen, and the hoods, and the vails. <span class="ver">24</span>And it shall come to pass, that instead of sweet smell there shall be stink; and instead of a girdle a rent; and instead of well set hair baldness; and instead of a stomacher a girding of sackcloth; and burning instM
ead of beauty. <span class="ver">25</span>Thy men shall fall by the sword, and thy mighty in the war. <span class="ver">26</span>And her gates shall lament and mourn; and she being desolate shall sit upon the ground.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And in that day seven women shall take hold of one man, saying, We will eat our own bread, and wear our own apparel: only let us be called by thy name, to take away our reproach. <span class="ver">2</span>In that day shall the branch of the M
LORD be beautiful and glorious, and the fruit of the earth shall be excellent and comely for them that are escaped of Israel. <span class="ver">3</span>And it shall come to pass, that he that is left in Zion, and he that remaineth in Jerusalem, shall be called holy, even every one that is written among the living in Jerusalem: <span class="ver">4</span>When the Lord shall have washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion, and shall have purged the blood of Jerusalem from the midst thereof by the spirit of judgmenM
t, and by the spirit of burning. <span class="ver">5</span>And the LORD will create upon every dwelling place of mount Zion, and upon her assemblies, a cloud and smoke by day, and the shining of a flaming fire by night: for upon all the glory shall be a defence. <span class="ver">6</span>And there shall be a tabernacle for a shadow in the daytime from the heat, and for a place of refuge, and for a covert from storm and from rain.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now will I sing to my weM
llbeloved a song of my beloved touching his vineyard. My wellbeloved hath a vineyard in a very fruitful hill: <span class="ver">2</span>And he fenced it, and gathered out the stones thereof, and planted it with the choicest vine, and built a tower in the midst of it, and also made a winepress therein: and he looked that it should bring forth grapes, and it brought forth wild grapes. <span class="ver">3</span>And now, O inhabitants of Jerusalem, and men of Judah, judge, I pray you, betwixt me and my vineyard. <span M
class="ver">4</span>What could have been done more to my vineyard, that I have not done in it? wherefore, when I looked that it should bring forth grapes, brought it forth wild grapes? <span class="ver">5</span>And now go to; I will tell you what I will do to my vineyard: I will take away the hedge thereof, and it shall be eaten up; and break down the wall thereof, and it shall be trodden down: <span class="ver">6</span>And I will lay it waste: it shall not be pruned, nor digged; but there shall come up briers and M
thorns: I will also command the clouds that they rain no rain upon it. <span class="ver">7</span>For the vineyard of the LORD of hosts is the house of Israel, and the men of Judah his pleasant plant: and he looked for judgment, but behold oppression; for righteousness, but behold a cry. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Woe unto them that join house to house, that lay field to field, till there be no place, that they may be placed alone in the midst of the earth! <span class="ver">9</span>In mine ears said the LOM
RD of hosts, Of a truth many houses shall be desolate, even great and fair, without inhabitant. <span class="ver">10</span>Yea, ten acres of vineyard shall yield one bath, and the seed of an homer shall yield an ephah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Woe unto them that rise up early in the morning, that they may follow strong drink; that continue until night, till wine inflame them! <span class="ver">12</span>And the harp, and the viol, the tabret, and pipe, and wine, are in their feasts: but they regard not tM
he work of the LORD, neither consider the operation of his hands. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Therefore my people are gone into captivity, because they have no knowledge: and their honourable men are famished, and their multitude dried up with thirst. <span class="ver">14</span>Therefore hell hath enlarged herself, and opened her mouth without measure: and their glory, and their multitude, and their pomp, and he that rejoiceth, shall descend into it. <span class="ver">15</span>And the mean man shall be broM
ught down, and the mighty man shall be humbled, and the eyes of the lofty shall be humbled: <span class="ver">16</span>But the LORD of hosts shall be exalted in judgment, and God that is holy shall be sanctified in righteousness. <span class="ver">17</span>Then shall the lambs feed after their manner, and the waste places of the fat ones shall strangers eat. <span class="ver">18</span>Woe unto them that draw iniquity with cords of vanity, and sin as it were with a cart rope: <span class="ver">19</span>That say, LetM
him make speed, and hasten his work, that we may see it: and let the counsel of the Holy One of Israel draw nigh and come, that we may know it! </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Woe unto them that call evil good, and good evil; that put darkness for light, and light for darkness; that put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter! <span class="ver">21</span>Woe unto them that are wise in their own eyes, and prudent in their own sight! <span class="ver">22</span>Woe unto them that are mighty to drink wine, and men M
of strength to mingle strong drink: <span class="ver">23</span>Which justify the wicked for reward, and take away the righteousness of the righteous from him! <span class="ver">24</span>Therefore as the fire devoureth the stubble, and the flame consumeth the chaff, so their root shall be as rottenness, and their blossom shall go up as dust: because they have cast away the law of the LORD of hosts, and despised the word of the Holy One of Israel. <span class="ver">25</span>Therefore is the anger of the LORD kindled M
against his people, and he hath stretched forth his hand against them, and hath smitten them: and the hills did tremble, and their carcases were torn in the midst of the streets. For all this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out still. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>And he will lift up an ensign to the nations from far, and will hiss unto them from the end of the earth: and, behold, they shall come with speed swiftly: <span class="ver">27</span>None shall be weary nor stumble among themM
; none shall slumber nor sleep; neither shall the girdle of their loins be loosed, nor the latchet of their shoes be broken: <span class="ver">28</span>Whose arrows are sharp, and all their bows bent, their horses
hoofs shall be counted like flint, and their wheels like a whirlwind: <span class="ver">29</span>Their roaring shall be like a lion, they shall roar like young lions: yea, they shall roar, and lay hold of the prey, and shall carry it away safe, and none shall deliver it. <span class="ver">30</span>And M
in that day they shall roar against them like the roaring of the sea: and if one look unto the land, behold darkness and sorrow, and the light is darkened in the heavens thereof.
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In the year that king Uzziah died I saw also the Lord sitting upon a throne, high and lifted up, and his train filled the temple. <span class="ver">2</span>Above it stood the seraphims: each one had six wings; with twain he covered his face, and with twain he covered his feet, aM
nd with twain he did fly. <span class="ver">3</span>And one cried unto another, and said, Holy, holy, holy, is the LORD of hosts: the whole earth is full of his glory. <span class="ver">4</span>And the posts of the door moved at the voice of him that cried, and the house was filled with smoke. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Then said I, Woe is me! for I am undone; because I am a man of unclean lips, and I dwell in the midst of a people of unclean lips: for mine eyes have seen the King, the LORD of hosts. <spanM
class="ver">6</span>Then flew one of the seraphims unto me, having a live coal in his hand, which he had taken with the tongs from off the altar: <span class="ver">7</span>And he laid it upon my mouth, and said, Lo, this hath touched thy lips; and thine iniquity is taken away, and thy sin purged. <span class="ver">8</span>Also I heard the voice of the Lord, saying, Whom shall I send, and who will go for us? Then said I, Here am I; send me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And he said, Go, and tell this people, M
Hear ye indeed, but understand not; and see ye indeed, but perceive not. <span class="ver">10</span>Make the heart of this people fat, and make their ears heavy, and shut their eyes; lest they see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and understand with their heart, and convert, and be healed. <span class="ver">11</span>Then said I, Lord, how long? And he answered, Until the cities be wasted without inhabitant, and the houses without man, and the land be utterly desolate, <span class="ver">12</span>And the LOM
RD have removed men far away, and there be a great forsaking in the midst of the land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>But yet in it shall be a tenth, and it shall return, and shall be eaten: as a teil tree, and as an oak, whose substance is in them, when they cast their leaves: so the holy seed shall be the substance thereof.
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass in the days of Ahaz the son of Jotham, the son of Uzziah, king of Judah, that Rezin the king of Syria, aM
nd Pekah the son of Remaliah, king of Israel, went up toward Jerusalem to war against it, but could not prevail against it. <span class="ver">2</span>And it was told the house of David, saying, Syria is confederate with Ephraim. And his heart was moved, and the heart of his people, as the trees of the wood are moved with the wind. <span class="ver">3</span>Then said the LORD unto Isaiah, Go forth now to meet Ahaz, thou, and Shear-jashub thy son, at the end of the conduit of the upper pool in the highway of the fullM
s field; <span class="ver">4</span>And say unto him, Take heed, and be quiet; fear not, neither be fainthearted for the two tails of these smoking firebrands, for the fierce anger of Rezin with Syria, and of the son of Remaliah. <span class="ver">5</span>Because Syria, Ephraim, and the son of Remaliah, have taken evil counsel against thee, saying, <span class="ver">6</span>Let us go up against Judah, and vex it, and let us make a breach therein for us, and set a king in the midst of it, even the son of Tabeal:M
<span class="ver">7</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD, It shall not stand, neither shall it come to pass. <span class="ver">8</span>For the head of Syria is Damascus, and the head of Damascus is Rezin; and within threescore and five years shall Ephraim be broken, that it be not a people. <span class="ver">9</span>And the head of Ephraim is Samaria, and the head of Samaria is Remaliah
s son. If ye will not believe, surely ye shall not be established. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Moreover the LORD spake again M
unto Ahaz, saying, <span class="ver">11</span>Ask thee a sign of the LORD thy God; ask it either in the depth, or in the height above. <span class="ver">12</span>But Ahaz said, I will not ask, neither will I tempt the LORD. <span class="ver">13</span>And he said, Hear ye now, O house of David; Is it a small thing for you to weary men, but will ye weary my God also? <span class="ver">14</span>Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name ImM
manuel. <span class="ver">15</span>Butter and honey shall he eat, that he may know to refuse the evil, and choose the good. <span class="ver">16</span>For before the child shall know to refuse the evil, and choose the good, the land that thou abhorrest shall be forsaken of both her kings. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>The LORD shall bring upon thee, and upon thy people, and upon thy father
s house, days that have not come, from the day that Ephraim departed from Judah; even the king of Assyria. <span classM
="ver">18</span>And it shall come to pass in that day, that the LORD shall hiss for the fly that is in the uttermost part of the rivers of Egypt, and for the bee that is in the land of Assyria. <span class="ver">19</span>And they shall come, and shall rest all of them in the desolate valleys, and in the holes of the rocks, and upon all thorns, and upon all bushes. <span class="ver">20</span>In the same day shall the Lord shave with a razor that is hired, namely, by them beyond the river, by the king of Assyria, theM
head, and the hair of the feet: and it shall also consume the beard. <span class="ver">21</span>And it shall come to pass in that day, that a man shall nourish a young cow, and two sheep; <span class="ver">22</span>And it shall come to pass, for the abundance of milk that they shall give he shall eat butter: for butter and honey shall every one eat that is left in the land. <span class="ver">23</span>And it shall come to pass in that day, that every place shall be, where there were a thousand vines at a thousand sM
ilverlings, it shall even be for briers and thorns. <span class="ver">24</span>With arrows and with bows shall men come thither; because all the land shall become briers and thorns. <span class="ver">25</span>And on all hills that shall be digged with the mattock, there shall not come thither the fear of briers and thorns: but it shall be for the sending forth of oxen, and for the treading of lesser cattle.
<h2 id="c8">Chapter 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Moreover the LORD said unto me, Take thee a greM
at roll, and write in it with a man
s pen concerning Maher-shalal-hash-baz. <span class="ver">2</span>And I took unto me faithful witnesses to record, Uriah the priest, and Zechariah the son of Jeberechiah. <span class="ver">3</span>And I went unto the prophetess; and she conceived, and bare a son. Then said the LORD to me, Call his name Maher-shalal-hash-baz. <span class="ver">4</span>For before the child shall have knowledge to cry, My father, and my mother, the riches of Damascus and the spoil of Samaria shallM
be taken away before the king of Assyria. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>The LORD spake also unto me again, saying, <span class="ver">6</span>Forasmuch as this people refuseth the waters of Shiloah that go softly, and rejoice in Rezin and Remaliah
s son; <span class="ver">7</span>Now therefore, behold, the Lord bringeth up upon them the waters of the river, strong and many, even the king of Assyria, and all his glory: and he shall come up over all his channels, and go over all his banks: <span class="ver">8M
</span>And he shall pass through Judah; he shall overflow and go over, he shall reach even to the neck; and the stretching out of his wings shall fill the breadth of thy land, O Immanuel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Associate yourselves, O ye people, and ye shall be broken in pieces; and give ear, all ye of far countries: gird yourselves, and ye shall be broken in pieces; gird yourselves, and ye shall be broken in pieces. <span class="ver">10</span>Take counsel together, and it shall come to nought; speak tM
he word, and it shall not stand: for God is with us. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>For the LORD spake thus to me with a strong hand, and instructed me that I should not walk in the way of this people, saying, <span class="ver">12</span>Say ye not, A confederacy, to all them to whom this people shall say, A confederacy; neither fear ye their fear, nor be afraid. <span class="ver">13</span>Sanctify the LORD of hosts himself; and let him be your fear, and let him be your dread. <span class="ver">14</span>And heM
shall be for a sanctuary; but for a stone of stumbling and for a rock of offence to both the houses of Israel, for a gin and for a snare to the inhabitants of Jerusalem. <span class="ver">15</span>And many among them shall stumble, and fall, and be broken, and be snared, and be taken. <span class="ver">16</span>Bind up the testimony, seal the law among my disciples. <span class="ver">17</span>And I will wait upon the LORD, that hideth his face from the house of Jacob, and I will look for him. <span class="ver">18<M
/span>Behold, I and the children whom the LORD hath given me are for signs and for wonders in Israel from the LORD of hosts, which dwelleth in mount Zion. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And when they shall say unto you, Seek unto them that have familiar spirits, and unto wizards that peep, and that mutter: should not a people seek unto their God? for the living to the dead? <span class="ver">20</span>To the law and to the testimony: if they speak not according to this word, it is because there is no light in M
them. <span class="ver">21</span>And they shall pass through it, hardly bestead and hungry: and it shall come to pass, that when they shall be hungry, they shall fret themselves, and curse their king and their God, and look upward. <span class="ver">22</span>And they shall look unto the earth; and behold trouble and darkness, dimness of anguish; and they shall be driven to darkness.
<h2 id="c9">Chapter 9</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Nevertheless the dimness shall not be such as was in her vexation, when M
at the first he lightly afflicted the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, and afterward did more grievously afflict her by the way of the sea, beyond Jordan, in Galilee of the nations. <span class="ver">2</span>The people that walked in darkness have seen a great light: they that dwell in the land of the shadow of death, upon them hath the light shined. <span class="ver">3</span>Thou hast multiplied the nation, and not increased the joy: they joy before thee according to the joy in harvest, and as men rejoiceM
when they divide the spoil. <span class="ver">4</span>For thou hast broken the yoke of his burden, and the staff of his shoulder, the rod of his oppressor, as in the day of Midian. <span class="ver">5</span>For every battle of the warrior is with confused noise, and garments rolled in blood; but this shall be with burning and fuel of fire. <span class="ver">6</span>For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor,M
The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace. <span class="ver">7</span>Of the increase of his government and peace there shall be no end, upon the throne of David, and upon his kingdom, to order it, and to establish it with judgment and with justice from henceforth even for ever. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>The Lord sent a word into Jacob, and it hath lighted upon Israel. <span class="ver">9</span>And all the people shall know, even Ephraim aM
nd the inhabitant of Samaria, that say in the pride and stoutness of heart, <span class="ver">10</span>The bricks are fallen down, but we will build with hewn stones: the sycomores are cut down, but we will change them into cedars. <span class="ver">11</span>Therefore the LORD shall set up the adversaries of Rezin against him, and join his enemies together; <span class="ver">12</span>The Syrians before, and the Philistines behind; and they shall devour Israel with open mouth. For all this his anger is not turned awM
ay, but his hand is stretched out still. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>For the people turneth not unto him that smiteth them, neither do they seek the LORD of hosts. <span class="ver">14</span>Therefore the LORD will cut off from Israel head and tail, branch and rush, in one day. <span class="ver">15</span>The ancient and honourable, he is the head; and the prophet that teacheth lies, he is the tail. <span class="ver">16</span>For the leaders of this people cause them to err; and they that are led of them arM
e destroyed. <span class="ver">17</span>Therefore the Lord shall have no joy in their young men, neither shall have mercy on their fatherless and widows: for every one is an hypocrite and an evildoer, and every mouth speaketh folly. For all this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out still. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>For wickedness burneth as the fire: it shall devour the briers and thorns, and shall kindle in the thickets of the forest, and they shall mount up like the lifting up of M
smoke. <span class="ver">19</span>Through the wrath of the LORD of hosts is the land darkened, and the people shall be as the fuel of the fire: no man shall spare his brother. <span class="ver">20</span>And he shall snatch on the right hand, and be hungry; and he shall eat on the left hand, and they shall not be satisfied: they shall eat every man the flesh of his own arm: <span class="ver">21</span>Manasseh, Ephraim; and Ephraim, Manasseh: and they together shall be against Judah. For all this his anger is not turM
ned away, but his hand is stretched out still.
<h2 id="c10">Chapter 10</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Woe unto them that decree unrighteous decrees, and that write grievousness which they have prescribed; <span class="ver">2</span>To turn aside the needy from judgment, and to take away the right from the poor of my people, that widows may be their prey, and that they may rob the fatherless! <span class="ver">3</span>And what will ye do in the day of visitation, and in the desolation which shall come from fM
ar? to whom will ye flee for help? and where will ye leave your glory? <span class="ver">4</span>Without me they shall bow down under the prisoners, and they shall fall under the slain. For all this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out still. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>O Assyrian, the rod of mine anger, and the staff in their hand is mine indignation. <span class="ver">6</span>I will send him against an hypocritical nation, and against the people of my wrath will I give him a charge,M
to take the spoil, and to take the prey, and to tread them down like the mire of the streets. <span class="ver">7</span>Howbeit he meaneth not so, neither doth his heart think so; but it is in his heart to destroy and cut off nations not a few. <span class="ver">8</span>For he saith, Are not my princes altogether kings? <span class="ver">9</span>Is not Calno as Carchemish? is not Hamath as Arpad? is not Samaria as Damascus? <span class="ver">10</span>As my hand hath found the kingdoms of the idols, and whose graveM
n images did excel them of Jerusalem and of Samaria; <span class="ver">11</span>Shall I not, as I have done unto Samaria and her idols, so do to Jerusalem and her idols? <span class="ver">12</span>Wherefore it shall come to pass, that when the Lord hath performed his whole work upon mount Zion and on Jerusalem, I will punish the fruit of the stout heart of the king of Assyria, and the glory of his high looks. <span class="ver">13</span>For he saith, By the strength of my hand I have done it, and by my wisdom; for IM
am prudent: and I have removed the bounds of the people, and have robbed their treasures, and I have put down the inhabitants like a valiant man: <span class="ver">14</span>And my hand hath found as a nest the riches of the people: and as one gathereth eggs that are left, have I gathered all the earth; and there was none that moved the wing, or opened the mouth, or peeped. <span class="ver">15</span>Shall the axe boast itself against him that heweth therewith? or shall the saw magnify itself against him that shakeM
th it? as if the rod should shake itself against them that lift it up, or as if the staff should lift up itself, as if it were no wood. <span class="ver">16</span>Therefore shall the Lord, the Lord of hosts, send among his fat ones leanness; and under his glory he shall kindle a burning like the burning of a fire. <span class="ver">17</span>And the light of Israel shall be for a fire, and his Holy One for a flame: and it shall burn and devour his thorns and his briers in one day; <span class="ver">18</span>And shalM
l consume the glory of his forest, and of his fruitful field, both soul and body: and they shall be as when a standardbearer fainteth. <span class="ver">19</span>And the rest of the trees of his forest shall be few, that a child may write them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And it shall come to pass in that day, that the remnant of Israel, and such as are escaped of the house of Jacob, shall no more again stay upon him that smote them; but shall stay upon the LORD, the Holy One of Israel, in truth. <span claM
ss="ver">21</span>The remnant shall return, even the remnant of Jacob, unto the mighty God. <span class="ver">22</span>For though thy people Israel be as the sand of the sea, yet a remnant of them shall return: the consumption decreed shall overflow with righteousness. <span class="ver">23</span>For the Lord GOD of hosts shall make a consumption, even determined, in the midst of all the land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD of hosts, O my people that dwellest in Zion, be not aM
fraid of the Assyrian: he shall smite thee with a rod, and shall lift up his staff against thee, after the manner of Egypt. <span class="ver">25</span>For yet a very little while, and the indignation shall cease, and mine anger in their destruction. <span class="ver">26</span>And the LORD of hosts shall stir up a scourge for him according to the slaughter of Midian at the rock of Oreb: and as his rod was upon the sea, so shall he lift it up after the manner of Egypt. <span class="ver">27</span>And it shall come to M
pass in that day, that his burden shall be taken away from off thy shoulder, and his yoke from off thy neck, and the yoke shall be destroyed because of the anointing. <span class="ver">28</span>He is come to Aiath, he is passed to Migron; at Michmash he hath laid up his carriages: <span class="ver">29</span>They are gone over the passage: they have taken up their lodging at Geba; Ramah is afraid; Gibeah of Saul is fled. <span class="ver">30</span>Lift up thy voice, O daughter of Gallim: cause it to be heard unto LaM
ish, O poor Anathoth. <span class="ver">31</span>Madmenah is removed; the inhabitants of Gebim gather themselves to flee. <span class="ver">32</span>As yet shall he remain at Nob that day: he shall shake his hand against the mount of the daughter of Zion, the hill of Jerusalem. <span class="ver">33</span>Behold, the Lord, the LORD of hosts, shall lop the bough with terror: and the high ones of stature shall be hewn down, and the haughty shall be humbled. <span class="ver">34</span>And he shall cut down the thicketsM
of the forest with iron, and Lebanon shall fall by a mighty one.
<h2 id="c11">Chapter 11</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And there shall come forth a rod out of the stem of Jesse, and a Branch shall grow out of his roots: <span class="ver">2</span>And the spirit of the LORD shall rest upon him, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the LORD; <span class="ver">3</span>And shall make him of quick understanding in the fear of the LOM
RD: and he shall not judge after the sight of his eyes, neither reprove after the hearing of his ears: <span class="ver">4</span>But with righteousness shall he judge the poor, and reprove with equity for the meek of the earth: and he shall smite the earth with the rod of his mouth, and with the breath of his lips shall he slay the wicked. <span class="ver">5</span>And righteousness shall be the girdle of his loins, and faithfulness the girdle of his reins. <span class="ver">6</span>The wolf also shall dwell with tM
he lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together; and a little child shall lead them. <span class="ver">7</span>And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together: and the lion shall eat straw like the ox. <span class="ver">8</span>And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the cockatrice
den. <span class="ver">9</span>They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mouM
ntain: for the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the LORD, as the waters cover the sea. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And in that day there shall be a root of Jesse, which shall stand for an ensign of the people; to it shall the Gentiles seek: and his rest shall be glorious. <span class="ver">11</span>And it shall come to pass in that day, that the Lord shall set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant of his people, which shall be left, from Assyria, and from Egypt, and from Pathros, andM
from Cush, and from Elam, and from Shinar, and from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea. <span class="ver">12</span>And he shall set up an ensign for the nations, and shall assemble the outcasts of Israel, and gather together the dispersed of Judah from the four corners of the earth. <span class="ver">13</span>The envy also of Ephraim shall depart, and the adversaries of Judah shall be cut off: Ephraim shall not envy Judah, and Judah shall not vex Ephraim. <span class="ver">14</span>But they shall fly upon theM
shoulders of the Philistines toward the west; they shall spoil them of the east together: they shall lay their hand upon Edom and Moab; and the children of Ammon shall obey them. <span class="ver">15</span>And the LORD shall utterly destroy the tongue of the Egyptian sea; and with his mighty wind shall he shake his hand over the river, and shall smite it in the seven streams, and make men go over dryshod. <span class="ver">16</span>And there shall be an highway for the remnant of his people, which shall be left, fM
rom Assyria; like as it was to Israel in the day that he came up out of the land of Egypt.
<h2 id="c12">Chapter 12</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And in that day thou shalt say, O LORD, I will praise thee: though thou wast angry with me, thine anger is turned away, and thou comfortedst me. <span class="ver">2</span>Behold, God is my salvation; I will trust, and not be afraid: for the LORD JEHOVAH is my strength and my song; he also is become my salvation. <span class="ver">3</span>Therefore with joy shall M
ye draw water out of the wells of salvation. <span class="ver">4</span>And in that day shall ye say, Praise the LORD, call upon his name, declare his doings among the people, make mention that his name is exalted. <span class="ver">5</span>Sing unto the LORD; for he hath done excellent things: this is known in all the earth. <span class="ver">6</span>Cry out and shout, thou inhabitant of Zion: for great is the Holy One of Israel in the midst of thee.
<h2 id="c13">Chapter 13</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>TM
he burden of Babylon, which Isaiah the son of Amoz did see. <span class="ver">2</span>Lift ye up a banner upon the high mountain, exalt the voice unto them, shake the hand, that they may go into the gates of the nobles. <span class="ver">3</span>I have commanded my sanctified ones, I have also called my mighty ones for mine anger, even them that rejoice in my highness. <span class="ver">4</span>The noise of a multitude in the mountains, like as of a great people; a tumultuous noise of the kingdoms of nations gatherM
ed together: the LORD of hosts mustereth the host of the battle. <span class="ver">5</span>They come from a far country, from the end of heaven, even the LORD, and the weapons of his indignation, to destroy the whole land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Howl ye; for the day of the LORD is at hand; it shall come as a destruction from the Almighty. <span class="ver">7</span>Therefore shall all hands be faint, and every man
s heart shall melt: <span class="ver">8</span>And they shall be afraid: pangs and sorrowM
s shall take hold of them; they shall be in pain as a woman that travaileth: they shall be amazed one at another; their faces shall be as flames. <span class="ver">9</span>Behold, the day of the LORD cometh, cruel both with wrath and fierce anger, to lay the land desolate: and he shall destroy the sinners thereof out of it. <span class="ver">10</span>For the stars of heaven and the constellations thereof shall not give their light: the sun shall be darkened in his going forth, and the moon shall not cause her lightM
to shine. <span class="ver">11</span>And I will punish the world for their evil, and the wicked for their iniquity; and I will cause the arrogancy of the proud to cease, and will lay low the haughtiness of the terrible. <span class="ver">12</span>I will make a man more precious than fine gold; even a man than the golden wedge of Ophir. <span class="ver">13</span>Therefore I will shake the heavens, and the earth shall remove out of her place, in the wrath of the LORD of hosts, and in the day of his fierce anger. <sM
pan class="ver">14</span>And it shall be as the chased roe, and as a sheep that no man taketh up: they shall every man turn to his own people, and flee every one into his own land. <span class="ver">15</span>Every one that is found shall be thrust through; and every one that is joined unto them shall fall by the sword. <span class="ver">16</span>Their children also shall be dashed to pieces before their eyes; their houses shall be spoiled, and their wives ravished. <span class="ver">17</span>Behold, I will stir up M
the Medes against them, which shall not regard silver; and as for gold, they shall not delight in it. <span class="ver">18</span>Their bows also shall dash the young men to pieces; and they shall have no pity on the fruit of the womb; their eye shall not spare children. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And Babylon, the glory of kingdoms, the beauty of the Chaldees
excellency, shall be as when God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah. <span class="ver">20</span>It shall never be inhabited, neither shall it be dwelt iM
n from generation to generation: neither shall the Arabian pitch tent there; neither shall the shepherds make their fold there. <span class="ver">21</span>But wild beasts of the desert shall lie there; and their houses shall be full of doleful creatures; and owls shall dwell there, and satyrs shall dance there. <span class="ver">22</span>And the wild beasts of the islands shall cry in their desolate houses, and dragons in their pleasant palaces: and her time is near to come, and her days shall not be prolonged.
<h2 id="c14">Chapter 14</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>For the LORD will have mercy on Jacob, and will yet choose Israel, and set them in their own land: and the strangers shall be joined with them, and they shall cleave to the house of Jacob. <span class="ver">2</span>And the people shall take them, and bring them to their place: and the house of Israel shall possess them in the land of the LORD for servants and handmaids: and they shall take them captives, whose captives they were; and they shall rule over M
their oppressors. <span class="ver">3</span>And it shall come to pass in the day that the LORD shall give thee rest from thy sorrow, and from thy fear, and from the hard bondage wherein thou wast made to serve, </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>That thou shalt take up this proverb against the king of Babylon, and say, How hath the oppressor ceased! the golden city ceased! <span class="ver">5</span>The LORD hath broken the staff of the wicked, and the sceptre of the rulers. <span class="ver">6</span>He who smote tM
he people in wrath with a continual stroke, he that ruled the nations in anger, is persecuted, and none hindereth. <span class="ver">7</span>The whole earth is at rest, and is quiet: they break forth into singing. <span class="ver">8</span>Yea, the fir trees rejoice at thee, and the cedars of Lebanon, saying, Since thou art laid down, no feller is come up against us. <span class="ver">9</span>Hell from beneath is moved for thee to meet thee at thy coming: it stirreth up the dead for thee, even all the chief ones ofM
the earth; it hath raised up from their thrones all the kings of the nations. <span class="ver">10</span>All they shall speak and say unto thee, Art thou also become weak as we? art thou become like unto us? <span class="ver">11</span>Thy pomp is brought down to the grave, and the noise of thy viols: the worm is spread under thee, and the worms cover thee. <span class="ver">12</span>How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! how art thou cut down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations! M
<span class="ver">13</span>For thou hast said in thine heart, I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of God: I will sit also upon the mount of the congregation, in the sides of the north: <span class="ver">14</span>I will ascend above the heights of the clouds; I will be like the most High. <span class="ver">15</span>Yet thou shalt be brought down to hell, to the sides of the pit. <span class="ver">16</span>They that see thee shall narrowly look upon thee, and consider thee, saying, Is thM
is the man that made the earth to tremble, that did shake kingdoms; <span class="ver">17</span>That made the world as a wilderness, and destroyed the cities thereof; that opened not the house of his prisoners? <span class="ver">18</span>All the kings of the nations, even all of them, lie in glory, every one in his own house. <span class="ver">19</span>But thou art cast out of thy grave like an abominable branch, and as the raiment of those that are slain, thrust through with a sword, that go down to the stones of tM
he pit; as a carcase trodden under feet. <span class="ver">20</span>Thou shalt not be joined with them in burial, because thou hast destroyed thy land, and slain thy people: the seed of evildoers shall never be renowned. <span class="ver">21</span>Prepare slaughter for his children for the iniquity of their fathers; that they do not rise, nor possess the land, nor fill the face of the world with cities. <span class="ver">22</span>For I will rise up against them, saith the LORD of hosts, and cut off from Babylon theM
name, and remnant, and son, and nephew, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">23</span>I will also make it a possession for the bittern, and pools of water: and I will sweep it with the besom of destruction, saith the LORD of hosts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>The LORD of hosts hath sworn, saying, Surely as I have thought, so shall it come to pass; and as I have purposed, so shall it stand: <span class="ver">25</span>That I will break the Assyrian in my land, and upon my mountains tread him under foot: then sM
hall his yoke depart from off them, and his burden depart from off their shoulders. <span class="ver">26</span>This is the purpose that is purposed upon the whole earth: and this is the hand that is stretched out upon all the nations. <span class="ver">27</span>For the LORD of hosts hath purposed, and who shall disannul it? and his hand is stretched out, and who shall turn it back? <span class="ver">28</span>In the year that king Ahaz died was this burden. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>Rejoice not thou, wholM
e Palestina, because the rod of him that smote thee is broken: for out of the serpent
s root shall come forth a cockatrice, and his fruit shall be a fiery flying serpent. <span class="ver">30</span>And the firstborn of the poor shall feed, and the needy shall lie down in safety: and I will kill thy root with famine, and he shall slay thy remnant. <span class="ver">31</span>Howl, O gate; cry, O city; thou, whole Palestina, art dissolved: for there shall come from the north a smoke, and none shall be alone in his aM
ppointed times. <span class="ver">32</span>What shall one then answer the messengers of the nation? That the LORD hath founded Zion, and the poor of his people shall trust in it.
<h2 id="c15">Chapter 15</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The burden of Moab. Because in the night Ar of Moab is laid waste, and brought to silence; because in the night Kir of Moab is laid waste, and brought to silence; <span class="ver">2</span>He is gone up to Bajith, and to Dibon, the high places, to weep: Moab shall howl over NeM
bo, and over Medeba: on all their heads shall be baldness, and every beard cut off. <span class="ver">3</span>In their streets they shall gird themselves with sackcloth: on the tops of their houses, and in their streets, every one shall howl, weeping abundantly. <span class="ver">4</span>And Heshbon shall cry, and Elealeh: their voice shall be heard even unto Jahaz: therefore the armed soldiers of Moab shall cry out; his life shall be grievous unto him. <span class="ver">5</span>My heart shall cry out for Moab; hisM
fugitives shall flee unto Zoar, an heifer of three years old: for by the mounting up of Luhith with weeping shall they go it up; for in the way of Horonaim they shall raise up a cry of destruction. <span class="ver">6</span>For the waters of Nimrim shall be desolate: for the hay is withered away, the grass faileth, there is no green thing. <span class="ver">7</span>Therefore the abundance they have gotten, and that which they have laid up, shall they carry away to the brook of the willows. <span class="ver">8</spaM
n>For the cry is gone round about the borders of Moab; the howling thereof unto Eglaim, and the howling thereof unto Beer-elim. <span class="ver">9</span>For the waters of Dimon shall be full of blood: for I will bring more upon Dimon, lions upon him that escapeth of Moab, and upon the remnant of the land.
<h2 id="c16">Chapter 16</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Send ye the lamb to the ruler of the land from Sela to the wilderness, unto the mount of the daughter of Zion. <span class="ver">2</span>For it shalM
l be, that, as a wandering bird cast out of the nest, so the daughters of Moab shall be at the fords of Arnon. <span class="ver">3</span>Take counsel, execute judgment; make thy shadow as the night in the midst of the noonday; hide the outcasts; bewray not him that wandereth. <span class="ver">4</span>Let mine outcasts dwell with thee, Moab; be thou a covert to them from the face of the spoiler: for the extortioner is at an end, the spoiler ceaseth, the oppressors are consumed out of the land. <span class="ver">5</M
span>And in mercy shall the throne be established: and he shall sit upon it in truth in the tabernacle of David, judging, and seeking judgment, and hasting righteousness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>We have heard of the pride of Moab; he is very proud: even of his haughtiness, and his pride, and his wrath: but his lies shall not be so. <span class="ver">7</span>Therefore shall Moab howl for Moab, every one shall howl: for the foundations of Kir-hareseth shall ye mourn; surely they are stricken. <span class=M
"ver">8</span>For the fields of Heshbon languish, and the vine of Sibmah: the lords of the heathen have broken down the principal plants thereof, they are come even unto Jazer, they wandered through the wilderness: her branches are stretched out, they are gone over the sea. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Therefore I will bewail with the weeping of Jazer the vine of Sibmah: I will water thee with my tears, O Heshbon, and Elealeh: for the shouting for thy summer fruits and for thy harvest is fallen. <span class=M
"ver">10</span>And gladness is taken away, and joy out of the plentiful field; and in the vineyards there shall be no singing, neither shall there be shouting: the treaders shall tread out no wine in their presses; I have made their vintage shouting to cease. <span class="ver">11</span>Wherefore my bowels shall sound like an harp for Moab, and mine inward parts for Kir-haresh. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And it shall come to pass, when it is seen that Moab is weary on the high place, that he shall come to M
his sanctuary to pray; but he shall not prevail. <span class="ver">13</span>This is the word that the LORD hath spoken concerning Moab since that time. <span class="ver">14</span>But now the LORD hath spoken, saying, Within three years, as the years of an hireling, and the glory of Moab shall be contemned, with all that great multitude; and the remnant shall be very small and feeble.
<h2 id="c17">Chapter 17</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The burden of Damascus. Behold, Damascus is taken away from being a cM
ity, and it shall be a ruinous heap. <span class="ver">2</span>The cities of Aroer are forsaken: they shall be for flocks, which shall lie down, and none shall make them afraid. <span class="ver">3</span>The fortress also shall cease from Ephraim, and the kingdom from Damascus, and the remnant of Syria: they shall be as the glory of the children of Israel, saith the LORD of hosts. <span class="ver">4</span>And in that day it shall come to pass, that the glory of Jacob shall be made thin, and the fatness of his flesM
h shall wax lean. <span class="ver">5</span>And it shall be as when the harvestman gathereth the corn, and reapeth the ears with his arm; and it shall be as he that gathereth ears in the valley of Rephaim. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Yet gleaning grapes shall be left in it, as the shaking of an olive tree, two or three berries in the top of the uppermost bough, four or five in the outmost fruitful branches thereof, saith the LORD God of Israel. <span class="ver">7</span>At that day shall a man look to his MM
aker, and his eyes shall have respect to the Holy One of Israel. <span class="ver">8</span>And he shall not look to the altars, the work of his hands, neither shall respect that which his fingers have made, either the groves, or the images. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>In that day shall his strong cities be as a forsaken bough, and an uppermost branch, which they left because of the children of Israel: and there shall be desolation. <span class="ver">10</span>Because thou hast forgotten the God of thy salvatM
ion, and hast not been mindful of the rock of thy strength, therefore shalt thou plant pleasant plants, and shalt set it with strange slips: <span class="ver">11</span>In the day shalt thou make thy plant to grow, and in the morning shalt thou make thy seed to flourish: but the harvest shall be a heap in the day of grief and of desperate sorrow. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Woe to the multitude of many people, which make a noise like the noise of the seas; and to the rushing of nations, that make a rushing M
like the rushing of mighty waters! <span class="ver">13</span>The nations shall rush like the rushing of many waters: but God shall rebuke them, and they shall flee far off, and shall be chased as the chaff of the mountains before the wind, and like a rolling thing before the whirlwind. <span class="ver">14</span>And behold at eveningtide trouble; and before the morning he is not. This is the portion of them that spoil us, and the lot of them that rob us.
<h2 id="c18">Chapter 18</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</sM
pan>Woe to the land shadowing with wings, which is beyond the rivers of Ethiopia: <span class="ver">2</span>That sendeth ambassadors by the sea, even in vessels of bulrushes upon the waters, saying, Go, ye swift messengers, to a nation scattered and peeled, to a people terrible from their beginning hitherto; a nation meted out and trodden down, whose land the rivers have spoiled! <span class="ver">3</span>All ye inhabitants of the world, and dwellers on the earth, see ye, when he lifteth up an ensign on the mountaiM
ns; and when he bloweth a trumpet, hear ye. <span class="ver">4</span>For so the LORD said unto me, I will take my rest, and I will consider in my dwelling place like a clear heat upon herbs, and like a cloud of dew in the heat of harvest. <span class="ver">5</span>For afore the harvest, when the bud is perfect, and the sour grape is ripening in the flower, he shall both cut off the sprigs with pruning hooks, and take away and cut down the branches. <span class="ver">6</span>They shall be left together unto the fowM
ls of the mountains, and to the beasts of the earth: and the fowls shall summer upon them, and all the beasts of the earth shall winter upon them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>In that time shall the present be brought unto the LORD of hosts of a people scattered and peeled, and from a people terrible from their beginning hitherto; a nation meted out and trodden under foot, whose land the rivers have spoiled, to the place of the name of the LORD of hosts, the mount Zion.
<h2 id="c19">Chapter 19</h2>
<span class="ver">1</span>The burden of Egypt. Behold, the LORD rideth upon a swift cloud, and shall come into Egypt: and the idols of Egypt shall be moved at his presence, and the heart of Egypt shall melt in the midst of it. <span class="ver">2</span>And I will set the Egyptians against the Egyptians: and they shall fight every one against his brother, and every one against his neighbour; city against city, and kingdom against kingdom. <span class="ver">3</span>And the spirit of Egypt shall fail in the midst therM
eof; and I will destroy the counsel thereof: and they shall seek to the idols, and to the charmers, and to them that have familiar spirits, and to the wizards. <span class="ver">4</span>And the Egyptians will I give over into the hand of a cruel lord; and a fierce king shall rule over them, saith the Lord, the LORD of hosts. <span class="ver">5</span>And the waters shall fail from the sea, and the river shall be wasted and dried up. <span class="ver">6</span>And they shall turn the rivers far away; and the brooks oM
f defence shall be emptied and dried up: the reeds and flags shall wither. <span class="ver">7</span>The paper reeds by the brooks, by the mouth of the brooks, and every thing sown by the brooks, shall wither, be driven away, and be no more. <span class="ver">8</span>The fishers also shall mourn, and all they that cast angle into the brooks shall lament, and they that spread nets upon the waters shall languish. <span class="ver">9</span>Moreover they that work in fine flax, and they that weave networks, shall be coM
nfounded. <span class="ver">10</span>And they shall be broken in the purposes thereof, all that make sluices and ponds for fish. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Surely the princes of Zoan are fools, the counsel of the wise counsellors of Pharaoh is become brutish: how say ye unto Pharaoh, I am the son of the wise, the son of ancient kings? <span class="ver">12</span>Where are they? where are thy wise men? and let them tell thee now, and let them know what the LORD of hosts hath purposed upon Egypt. <span classM
="ver">13</span>The princes of Zoan are become fools, the princes of Noph are deceived; they have also seduced Egypt, even they that are the stay of the tribes thereof. <span class="ver">14</span>The LORD hath mingled a perverse spirit in the midst thereof: and they have caused Egypt to err in every work thereof, as a drunken man staggereth in his vomit. <span class="ver">15</span>Neither shall there be any work for Egypt, which the head or tail, branch or rush, may do. <span class="ver">16</span>In that day shall M
Egypt be like unto women: and it shall be afraid and fear because of the shaking of the hand of the LORD of hosts, which he shaketh over it. <span class="ver">17</span>And the land of Judah shall be a terror unto Egypt, every one that maketh mention thereof shall be afraid in himself, because of the counsel of the LORD of hosts, which he hath determined against it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>In that day shall five cities in the land of Egypt speak the language of Canaan, and swear to the LORD of hosts; onM
e shall be called, The city of destruction. <span class="ver">19</span>In that day shall there be an altar to the LORD in the midst of the land of Egypt, and a pillar at the border thereof to the LORD. <span class="ver">20</span>And it shall be for a sign and for a witness unto the LORD of hosts in the land of Egypt: for they shall cry unto the LORD because of the oppressors, and he shall send them a saviour, and a great one, and he shall deliver them. <span class="ver">21</span>And the LORD shall be known to EgyptM
, and the Egyptians shall know the LORD in that day, and shall do sacrifice and oblation; yea, they shall vow a vow unto the LORD, and perform it. <span class="ver">22</span>And the LORD shall smite Egypt: he shall smite and heal it: and they shall return even to the LORD, and he shall be intreated of them, and shall heal them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>In that day shall there be a highway out of Egypt to Assyria, and the Assyrian shall come into Egypt, and the Egyptian into Assyria, and the Egyptians shM
all serve with the Assyrians. <span class="ver">24</span>In that day shall Israel be the third with Egypt and with Assyria, even a blessing in the midst of the land: <span class="ver">25</span>Whom the LORD of hosts shall bless, saying, Blessed be Egypt my people, and Assyria the work of my hands, and Israel mine inheritance.
<h2 id="c20">Chapter 20</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In the year that Tartan came unto Ashdod, (when Sargon the king of Assyria sent him,) and fought against Ashdod, and took it; <sM
pan class="ver">2</span>At the same time spake the LORD by Isaiah the son of Amoz, saying, Go and loose the sackcloth from off thy loins, and put off thy shoe from thy foot. And he did so, walking naked and barefoot. <span class="ver">3</span>And the LORD said, Like as my servant Isaiah hath walked naked and barefoot three years for a sign and wonder upon Egypt and upon Ethiopia; <span class="ver">4</span>So shall the king of Assyria lead away the Egyptians prisoners, and the Ethiopians captives, young and old, nakM
ed and barefoot, even with their buttocks uncovered, to the shame of Egypt. <span class="ver">5</span>And they shall be afraid and ashamed of Ethiopia their expectation, and of Egypt their glory. <span class="ver">6</span>And the inhabitant of this isle shall say in that day, Behold, such is our expectation, whither we flee for help to be delivered from the king of Assyria: and how shall we escape?
<h2 id="c21">Chapter 21</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The burden of the desert of the sea. As whirlwinds in M
the south pass through; so it cometh from the desert, from a terrible land. <span class="ver">2</span>A grievous vision is declared unto me; the treacherous dealer dealeth treacherously, and the spoiler spoileth. Go up, O Elam: besiege, O Media; all the sighing thereof have I made to cease. <span class="ver">3</span>Therefore are my loins filled with pain: pangs have taken hold upon me, as the pangs of a woman that travaileth: I was bowed down at the hearing of it; I was dismayed at the seeing of it. <span class="vM
er">4</span>My heart panted, fearfulness affrighted me: the night of my pleasure hath he turned into fear unto me. <span class="ver">5</span>Prepare the table, watch in the watchtower, eat, drink: arise, ye princes, and anoint the shield. <span class="ver">6</span>For thus hath the Lord said unto me, Go, set a watchman, let him declare what he seeth. <span class="ver">7</span>And he saw a chariot with a couple of horsemen, a chariot of asses, and a chariot of camels; and he hearkened diligently with much heed: <spaM
n class="ver">8</span>And he cried, A lion: My lord, I stand continually upon the watchtower in the daytime, and I am set in my ward whole nights: <span class="ver">9</span>And, behold, here cometh a chariot of men, with a couple of horsemen. And he answered and said, Babylon is fallen, is fallen; and all the graven images of her gods he hath broken unto the ground. <span class="ver">10</span>O my threshing, and the corn of my floor: that which I have heard of the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, have I declared uM
<p><span class="ver">11</span>The burden of Dumah. He calleth to me out of Seir, Watchman, what of the night? Watchman, what of the night? <span class="ver">12</span>The watchman said, The morning cometh, and also the night: if ye will enquire, enquire ye: return, come. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>The burden upon Arabia. In the forest in Arabia shall ye lodge, O ye travelling companies of Dedanim. <span class="ver">14</span>The inhabitants of the land of Tema brought water to him that was tM
hirsty, they prevented with their bread him that fled. <span class="ver">15</span>For they fled from the swords, from the drawn sword, and from the bent bow, and from the grievousness of war. <span class="ver">16</span>For thus hath the Lord said unto me, Within a year, according to the years of an hireling, and all the glory of Kedar shall fail: <span class="ver">17</span>And the residue of the number of archers, the mighty men of the children of Kedar, shall be diminished: for the LORD God of Israel hath spoken iM
<h2 id="c22">Chapter 22</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The burden of the valley of vision. What aileth thee now, that thou art wholly gone up to the housetops? <span class="ver">2</span>Thou that art full of stirs, a tumultuous city, a joyous city: thy slain men are not slain with the sword, nor dead in battle. <span class="ver">3</span>All thy rulers are fled together, they are bound by the archers: all that are found in thee are bound together, which have fled from far. <span class="ver">4</span>ThereM
fore said I, Look away from me; I will weep bitterly, labour not to comfort me, because of the spoiling of the daughter of my people. <span class="ver">5</span>For it is a day of trouble, and of treading down, and of perplexity by the Lord GOD of hosts in the valley of vision, breaking down the walls, and of crying to the mountains. <span class="ver">6</span>And Elam bare the quiver with chariots of men and horsemen, and Kir uncovered the shield. <span class="ver">7</span>And it shall come to pass, that thy choicesM
t valleys shall be full of chariots, and the horsemen shall set themselves in array at the gate. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And he discovered the covering of Judah, and thou didst look in that day to the armour of the house of the forest. <span class="ver">9</span>Ye have seen also the breaches of the city of David, that they are many: and ye gathered together the waters of the lower pool. <span class="ver">10</span>And ye have numbered the houses of Jerusalem, and the houses have ye broken down to fortifyM
the wall. <span class="ver">11</span>Ye made also a ditch between the two walls for the water of the old pool: but ye have not looked unto the maker thereof, neither had respect unto him that fashioned it long ago. <span class="ver">12</span>And in that day did the Lord GOD of hosts call to weeping, and to mourning, and to baldness, and to girding with sackcloth: <span class="ver">13</span>And behold joy and gladness, slaying oxen, and killing sheep, eating flesh, and drinking wine: let us eat and drink; for to moM
rrow we shall die. <span class="ver">14</span>And it was revealed in mine ears by the LORD of hosts, Surely this iniquity shall not be purged from you till ye die, saith the Lord GOD of hosts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD of hosts, Go, get thee unto this treasurer, even unto Shebna, which is over the house, and say, <span class="ver">16</span>What hast thou here? and whom hast thou here, that thou hast hewed thee out a sepulchre here, as he that heweth him out a sepulchre on high, anM
d that graveth an habitation for himself in a rock? <span class="ver">17</span>Behold, the LORD will carry thee away with a mighty captivity, and will surely cover thee. <span class="ver">18</span>He will surely violently turn and toss thee like a ball into a large country: there shalt thou die, and there the chariots of thy glory shall be the shame of thy lord
s house. <span class="ver">19</span>And I will drive thee from thy station, and from thy state shall he pull thee down. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</spM
an>And it shall come to pass in that day, that I will call my servant Eliakim the son of Hilkiah: <span class="ver">21</span>And I will clothe him with thy robe, and strengthen him with thy girdle, and I will commit thy government into his hand: and he shall be a father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and to the house of Judah. <span class="ver">22</span>And the key of the house of David will I lay upon his shoulder; so he shall open, and none shall shut; and he shall shut, and none shall open. <span class="ver">2M
3</span>And I will fasten him as a nail in a sure place; and he shall be for a glorious throne to his father
s house. <span class="ver">24</span>And they shall hang upon him all the glory of his father
s house, the offspring and the issue, all vessels of small quantity, from the vessels of cups, even to all the vessels of flagons. <span class="ver">25</span>In that day, saith the LORD of hosts, shall the nail that is fastened in the sure place be removed, and be cut down, and fall; and the burden that was upon M
it shall be cut off: for the LORD hath spoken it.
<h2 id="c23">Chapter 23</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The burden of Tyre. Howl, ye ships of Tarshish; for it is laid waste, so that there is no house, no entering in: from the land of Chittim it is revealed to them. <span class="ver">2</span>Be still, ye inhabitants of the isle; thou whom the merchants of Zidon, that pass over the sea, have replenished. <span class="ver">3</span>And by great waters the seed of Sihor, the harvest of the river, is her revenuM
e; and she is a mart of nations. <span class="ver">4</span>Be thou ashamed, O Zidon: for the sea hath spoken, even the strength of the sea, saying, I travail not, nor bring forth children, neither do I nourish up young men, nor bring up virgins. <span class="ver">5</span>As at the report concerning Egypt, so shall they be sorely pained at the report of Tyre. <span class="ver">6</span>Pass ye over to Tarshish; howl, ye inhabitants of the isle. <span class="ver">7</span>Is this your joyous city, whose antiquity is ofM
ancient days? her own feet shall carry her afar off to sojourn. <span class="ver">8</span>Who hath taken this counsel against Tyre, the crowning city, whose merchants are princes, whose traffickers are the honourable of the earth? <span class="ver">9</span>The LORD of hosts hath purposed it, to stain the pride of all glory, and to bring into contempt all the honourable of the earth. <span class="ver">10</span>Pass through thy land as a river, O daughter of Tarshish: there is no more strength. <span class="ver">11<M
/span>He stretched out his hand over the sea, he shook the kingdoms: the LORD hath given a commandment against the merchant city, to destroy the strong holds thereof. <span class="ver">12</span>And he said, Thou shalt no more rejoice, O thou oppressed virgin, daughter of Zidon: arise, pass over to Chittim; there also shalt thou have no rest. <span class="ver">13</span>Behold the land of the Chaldeans; this people was not, till the Assyrian founded it for them that dwell in the wilderness: they set up the towers theM
reof, they raised up the palaces thereof; and he brought it to ruin. <span class="ver">14</span>Howl, ye ships of Tarshish: for your strength is laid waste. <span class="ver">15</span>And it shall come to pass in that day, that Tyre shall be forgotten seventy years, according to the days of one king: after the end of seventy years shall Tyre sing as an harlot. <span class="ver">16</span>Take an harp, go about the city, thou harlot that hast been forgotten; make sweet melody, sing many songs, that thou mayest be remM
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And it shall come to pass after the end of seventy years, that the LORD will visit Tyre, and she shall turn to her hire, and shall commit fornication with all the kingdoms of the world upon the face of the earth. <span class="ver">18</span>And her merchandise and her hire shall be holiness to the LORD: it shall not be treasured nor laid up; for her merchandise shall be for them that dwell before the LORD, to eat sufficiently, and for durable clothing.
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Behold, the LORD maketh the earth empty, and maketh it waste, and turneth it upside down, and scattereth abroad the inhabitants thereof. <span class="ver">2</span>And it shall be, as with the people, so with the priest; as with the servant, so with his master; as with the maid, so with her mistress; as with the buyer, so with the seller; as with the lender, so with the borrower; as with the taker of usury, so with the giver of usury to him. <span class="ver">3</span>TheM
land shall be utterly emptied, and utterly spoiled: for the LORD hath spoken this word. <span class="ver">4</span>The earth mourneth and fadeth away, the world languisheth and fadeth away, the haughty people of the earth do languish. <span class="ver">5</span>The earth also is defiled under the inhabitants thereof; because they have transgressed the laws, changed the ordinance, broken the everlasting covenant. <span class="ver">6</span>Therefore hath the curse devoured the earth, and they that dwell therein are deM
solate: therefore the inhabitants of the earth are burned, and few men left. <span class="ver">7</span>The new wine mourneth, the vine languisheth, all the merryhearted do sigh. <span class="ver">8</span>The mirth of tabrets ceaseth, the noise of them that rejoice endeth, the joy of the harp ceaseth. <span class="ver">9</span>They shall not drink wine with a song; strong drink shall be bitter to them that drink it. <span class="ver">10</span>The city of confusion is broken down: every house is shut up, that no man M
may come in. <span class="ver">11</span>There is a crying for wine in the streets; all joy is darkened, the mirth of the land is gone. <span class="ver">12</span>In the city is left desolation, and the gate is smitten with destruction. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>When thus it shall be in the midst of the land among the people, there shall be as the shaking of an olive tree, and as the gleaning grapes when the vintage is done. <span class="ver">14</span>They shall lift up their voice, they shall sing for thM
e majesty of the LORD, they shall cry aloud from the sea. <span class="ver">15</span>Wherefore glorify ye the LORD in the fires, even the name of the LORD God of Israel in the isles of the sea. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>From the uttermost part of the earth have we heard songs, even glory to the righteous. But I said, My leanness, my leanness, woe unto me! the treacherous dealers have dealt treacherously; yea, the treacherous dealers have dealt very treacherously. <span class="ver">17</span>Fear, and the M
pit, and the snare, are upon thee, O inhabitant of the earth. <span class="ver">18</span>And it shall come to pass, that he who fleeth from the noise of the fear shall fall into the pit; and he that cometh up out of the midst of the pit shall be taken in the snare: for the windows from on high are open, and the foundations of the earth do shake. <span class="ver">19</span>The earth is utterly broken down, the earth is clean dissolved, the earth is moved exceedingly. <span class="ver">20</span>The earth shall reel tM
o and fro like a drunkard, and shall be removed like a cottage; and the transgression thereof shall be heavy upon it; and it shall fall, and not rise again. <span class="ver">21</span>And it shall come to pass in that day, that the LORD shall punish the host of the high ones that are on high, and the kings of the earth upon the earth. <span class="ver">22</span>And they shall be gathered together, as prisoners are gathered in the pit, and shall be shut up in the prison, and after many days shall they be visited. <sM
pan class="ver">23</span>Then the moon shall be confounded, and the sun ashamed, when the LORD of hosts shall reign in mount Zion, and in Jerusalem, and before his ancients gloriously.
<h2 id="c25">Chapter 25</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>O LORD, thou art my God; I will exalt thee, I will praise thy name; for thou hast done wonderful things; thy counsels of old are faithfulness and truth. <span class="ver">2</span>For thou hast made of a city an heap; of a defenced city a ruin: a palace of strangers to beM
no city; it shall never be built. <span class="ver">3</span>Therefore shall the strong people glorify thee, the city of the terrible nations shall fear thee. <span class="ver">4</span>For thou hast been a strength to the poor, a strength to the needy in his distress, a refuge from the storm, a shadow from the heat, when the blast of the terrible ones is as a storm against the wall. <span class="ver">5</span>Thou shalt bring down the noise of strangers, as the heat in a dry place; even the heat with the shadow of aM
cloud: the branch of the terrible ones shall be brought low. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And in this mountain shall the LORD of hosts make unto all people a feast of fat things, a feast of wines on the lees, of fat things full of marrow, of wines on the lees well refined. <span class="ver">7</span>And he will destroy in this mountain the face of the covering cast over all people, and the vail that is spread over all nations. <span class="ver">8</span>He will swallow up death in victory; and the Lord GOD wiM
ll wipe away tears from off all faces; and the rebuke of his people shall he take away from off all the earth: for the LORD hath spoken it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And it shall be said in that day, Lo, this is our God; we have waited for him, and he will save us: this is the LORD; we have waited for him, we will be glad and rejoice in his salvation. <span class="ver">10</span>For in this mountain shall the hand of the LORD rest, and Moab shall be trodden down under him, even as straw is trodden down forM
the dunghill. <span class="ver">11</span>And he shall spread forth his hands in the midst of them, as he that swimmeth spreadeth forth his hands to swim: and he shall bring down their pride together with the spoils of their hands. <span class="ver">12</span>And the fortress of the high fort of thy walls shall he bring down, lay low, and bring to the ground, even to the dust.
<h2 id="c26">Chapter 26</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In that day shall this song be sung in the land of Judah; We have a strong ciM
ty; salvation will God appoint for walls and bulwarks. <span class="ver">2</span>Open ye the gates, that the righteous nation which keepeth the truth may enter in. <span class="ver">3</span>Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace, whose mind is stayed on thee: because he trusteth in thee. <span class="ver">4</span>Trust ye in the LORD for ever: for in the LORD JEHOVAH is everlasting strength: </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>For he bringeth down them that dwell on high; the lofty city, he layeth it low; he layeth itM
low, even to the ground; he bringeth it even to the dust. <span class="ver">6</span>The foot shall tread it down, even the feet of the poor, and the steps of the needy. <span class="ver">7</span>The way of the just is uprightness: thou, most upright, dost weigh the path of the just. <span class="ver">8</span>Yea, in the way of thy judgments, O LORD, have we waited for thee; the desire of our soul is to thy name, and to the remembrance of thee. <span class="ver">9</span>With my soul have I desired thee in the nightM
; yea, with my spirit within me will I seek thee early: for when thy judgments are in the earth, the inhabitants of the world will learn righteousness. <span class="ver">10</span>Let favour be shewed to the wicked, yet will he not learn righteousness: in the land of uprightness will he deal unjustly, and will not behold the majesty of the LORD. <span class="ver">11</span>LORD, when thy hand is lifted up, they will not see: but they shall see, and be ashamed for their envy at the people; yea, the fire of thine enemiM
es shall devour them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>LORD, thou wilt ordain peace for us: for thou also hast wrought all our works in us. <span class="ver">13</span>O LORD our God, other lords beside thee have had dominion over us: but by thee only will we make mention of thy name. <span class="ver">14</span>They are dead, they shall not live; they are deceased, they shall not rise: therefore hast thou visited and destroyed them, and made all their memory to perish. <span class="ver">15</span>Thou hast increaM
sed the nation, O LORD, thou hast increased the nation: thou art glorified: thou hadst removed it far unto all the ends of the earth. <span class="ver">16</span>LORD, in trouble have they visited thee, they poured out a prayer when thy chastening was upon them. <span class="ver">17</span>Like as a woman with child, that draweth near the time of her delivery, is in pain, and crieth out in her pangs; so have we been in thy sight, O LORD. <span class="ver">18</span>We have been with child, we have been in pain, we havM
e as it were brought forth wind; we have not wrought any deliverance in the earth; neither have the inhabitants of the world fallen. <span class="ver">19</span>Thy dead men shall live, together with my dead body shall they arise. Awake and sing, ye that dwell in dust: for thy dew is as the dew of herbs, and the earth shall cast out the dead. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Come, my people, enter thou into thy chambers, and shut thy doors about thee: hide thyself as it were for a little moment, until the indignM
ation be overpast. <span class="ver">21</span>For, behold, the LORD cometh out of his place to punish the inhabitants of the earth for their iniquity: the earth also shall disclose her blood, and shall no more cover her slain.
<h2 id="c27">Chapter 27</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In that day the LORD with his sore and great and strong sword shall punish leviathan the piercing serpent, even leviathan that crooked serpent; and he shall slay the dragon that is in the sea. <span class="ver">2</span>In that daM
y sing ye unto her, A vineyard of red wine. <span class="ver">3</span>I the LORD do keep it; I will water it every moment: lest any hurt it, I will keep it night and day. <span class="ver">4</span>Fury is not in me: who would set the briers and thorns against me in battle? I would go through them, I would burn them together. <span class="ver">5</span>Or let him take hold of my strength, that he may make peace with me; and he shall make peace with me. <span class="ver">6</span>He shall cause them that come of Jacob M
to take root: Israel shall blossom and bud, and fill the face of the world with fruit. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Hath he smitten him, as he smote those that smote him? or is he slain according to the slaughter of them that are slain by him? <span class="ver">8</span>In measure, when it shooteth forth, thou wilt debate with it: he stayeth his rough wind in the day of the east wind. <span class="ver">9</span>By this therefore shall the iniquity of Jacob be purged; and this is all the fruit to take away his M
sin; when he maketh all the stones of the altar as chalkstones that are beaten in sunder, the groves and images shall not stand up. <span class="ver">10</span>Yet the defenced city shall be desolate, and the habitation forsaken, and left like a wilderness: there shall the calf feed, and there shall he lie down, and consume the branches thereof. <span class="ver">11</span>When the boughs thereof are withered, they shall be broken off: the women come, and set them on fire: for it is a people of no understanding: therM
efore he that made them will not have mercy on them, and he that formed them will shew them no favour. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And it shall come to pass in that day, that the LORD shall beat off from the channel of the river unto the stream of Egypt, and ye shall be gathered one by one, O ye children of Israel. <span class="ver">13</span>And it shall come to pass in that day, that the great trumpet shall be blown, and they shall come which were ready to perish in the land of Assyria, and the outcasts iM
n the land of Egypt, and shall worship the LORD in the holy mount at Jerusalem.
<h2 id="c28">Chapter 28</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Woe to the crown of pride, to the drunkards of Ephraim, whose glorious beauty is a fading flower, which are on the head of the fat valleys of them that are overcome with wine! <span class="ver">2</span>Behold, the Lord hath a mighty and strong one, which as a tempest of hail and a destroying storm, as a flood of mighty waters overflowing, shall cast down to the earth with tM
he hand. <span class="ver">3</span>The crown of pride, the drunkards of Ephraim, shall be trodden under feet: <span class="ver">4</span>And the glorious beauty, which is on the head of the fat valley, shall be a fading flower, and as the hasty fruit before the summer; which when he that looketh upon it seeth, while it is yet in his hand he eateth it up. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>In that day shall the LORD of hosts be for a crown of glory, and for a diadem of beauty, unto the residue of his people, <span cM
lass="ver">6</span>And for a spirit of judgment to him that sitteth in judgment, and for strength to them that turn the battle to the gate. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>But they also have erred through wine, and through strong drink are out of the way; the priest and the prophet have erred through strong drink, they are swallowed up of wine, they are out of the way through strong drink; they err in vision, they stumble in judgment. <span class="ver">8</span>For all tables are full of vomit and filthiness, soM
that there is no place clean. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Whom shall he teach knowledge? and whom shall he make to understand doctrine? them that are weaned from the milk, and drawn from the breasts. <span class="ver">10</span>For precept must be upon precept, precept upon precept; line upon line, line upon line; here a little, and there a little: <span class="ver">11</span>For with stammering lips and another tongue will he speak to this people. <span class="ver">12</span>To whom he said, This is the restM
wherewith ye may cause the weary to rest; and this is the refreshing: yet they would not hear. <span class="ver">13</span>But the word of the LORD was unto them precept upon precept, precept upon precept; line upon line, line upon line; here a little, and there a little; that they might go, and fall backward, and be broken, and snared, and taken. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Wherefore hear the word of the LORD, ye scornful men, that rule this people which is in Jerusalem. <span class="ver">15</span>BecauseM
ye have said, We have made a covenant with death, and with hell are we at agreement; when the overflowing scourge shall pass through, it shall not come unto us: for we have made lies our refuge, and under falsehood have we hid ourselves: </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious corner stone, a sure foundation: he that believeth shall not make haste. <span class="ver">17</span>Judgment also will I lay to the linM
e, and righteousness to the plummet: and the hail shall sweep away the refuge of lies, and the waters shall overflow the hiding place. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And your covenant with death shall be disannulled, and your agreement with hell shall not stand; when the overflowing scourge shall pass through, then ye shall be trodden down by it. <span class="ver">19</span>From the time that it goeth forth it shall take you: for morning by morning shall it pass over, by day and by night: and it shall be a vexM
ation only to understand the report. <span class="ver">20</span>For the bed is shorter than that a man can stretch himself on it: and the covering narrower than that he can wrap himself in it. <span class="ver">21</span>For the LORD shall rise up as in mount Perazim, he shall be wroth as in the valley of Gibeon, that he may do his work, his strange work; and bring to pass his act, his strange act. <span class="ver">22</span>Now therefore be ye not mockers, lest your bands be made strong: for I have heard from the LM
ord GOD of hosts a consumption, even determined upon the whole earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>Give ye ear, and hear my voice; hearken, and hear my speech. <span class="ver">24</span>Doth the plowman plow all day to sow? doth he open and break the clods of his ground? <span class="ver">25</span>When he hath made plain the face thereof, doth he not cast abroad the fitches, and scatter the cummin, and cast in the principal wheat and the appointed barley and the rie in their place? <span class="ver">26</spM
an>For his God doth instruct him to discretion, and doth teach him. <span class="ver">27</span>For the fitches are not threshed with a threshing instrument, neither is a cart wheel turned about upon the cummin; but the fitches are beaten out with a staff, and the cummin with a rod. <span class="ver">28</span>Bread corn is bruised; because he will not ever be threshing it, nor break it with the wheel of his cart, nor bruise it with his horsemen. <span class="ver">29</span>This also cometh forth from the LORD of hostM
s, which is wonderful in counsel, and excellent in working.
<h2 id="c29">Chapter 29</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Woe to Ariel, to Ariel, the city where David dwelt! add ye year to year; let them kill sacrifices. <span class="ver">2</span>Yet I will distress Ariel, and there shall be heaviness and sorrow: and it shall be unto me as Ariel. <span class="ver">3</span>And I will camp against thee round about, and will lay siege against thee with a mount, and I will raise forts against thee. <span class="ver">M
4</span>And thou shalt be brought down, and shalt speak out of the ground, and thy speech shall be low out of the dust, and thy voice shall be, as of one that hath a familiar spirit, out of the ground, and thy speech shall whisper out of the dust. <span class="ver">5</span>Moreover the multitude of thy strangers shall be like small dust, and the multitude of the terrible ones shall be as chaff that passeth away: yea, it shall be at an instant suddenly. <span class="ver">6</span>Thou shalt be visited of the LORD of M
hosts with thunder, and with earthquake, and great noise, with storm and tempest, and the flame of devouring fire. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And the multitude of all the nations that fight against Ariel, even all that fight against her and her munition, and that distress her, shall be as a dream of a night vision. <span class="ver">8</span>It shall even be as when an hungry man dreameth, and, behold, he eateth; but he awaketh, and his soul is empty: or as when a thirsty man dreameth, and, behold, he drinkM
eth; but he awaketh, and, behold, he is faint, and his soul hath appetite: so shall the multitude of all the nations be, that fight against mount Zion. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Stay yourselves, and wonder; cry ye out, and cry: they are drunken, but not with wine; they stagger, but not with strong drink. <span class="ver">10</span>For the LORD hath poured out upon you the spirit of deep sleep, and hath closed your eyes: the prophets and your rulers, the seers hath he covered. <span class="ver">11</span>AnM
d the vision of all is become unto you as the words of a book that is sealed, which men deliver to one that is learned, saying, Read this, I pray thee: and he saith, I cannot; for it is sealed: <span class="ver">12</span>And the book is delivered to him that is not learned, saying, Read this, I pray thee: and he saith, I am not learned. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Wherefore the Lord said, Forasmuch as this people draw near me with their mouth, and with their lips do honour me, but have removed their heart M
far from me, and their fear toward me is taught by the precept of men: <span class="ver">14</span>Therefore, behold, I will proceed to do a marvellous work among this people, even a marvellous work and a wonder: for the wisdom of their wise men shall perish, and the understanding of their prudent men shall be hid. <span class="ver">15</span>Woe unto them that seek deep to hide their counsel from the LORD, and their works are in the dark, and they say, Who seeth us? and who knoweth us? <span class="ver">16</span>SurM
ely your turning of things upside down shall be esteemed as the potter
s clay: for shall the work say of him that made it, He made me not? or shall the thing framed say of him that framed it, He had no understanding? <span class="ver">17</span>Is it not yet a very little while, and Lebanon shall be turned into a fruitful field, and the fruitful field shall be esteemed as a forest? </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And in that day shall the deaf hear the words of the book, and the eyes of the blind shall see ouM
t of obscurity, and out of darkness. <span class="ver">19</span>The meek also shall increase their joy in the LORD, and the poor among men shall rejoice in the Holy One of Israel. <span class="ver">20</span>For the terrible one is brought to nought, and the scorner is consumed, and all that watch for iniquity are cut off: <span class="ver">21</span>That make a man an offender for a word, and lay a snare for him that reproveth in the gate, and turn aside the just for a thing of nought. <span class="ver">22</span>TheM
refore thus saith the LORD, who redeemed Abraham, concerning the house of Jacob, Jacob shall not now be ashamed, neither shall his face now wax pale. <span class="ver">23</span>But when he seeth his children, the work of mine hands, in the midst of him, they shall sanctify my name, and sanctify the Holy One of Jacob, and shall fear the God of Israel. <span class="ver">24</span>They also that erred in spirit shall come to understanding, and they that murmured shall learn doctrine.
<h2 id="c30">Chapter 30</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Woe to the rebellious children, saith the LORD, that take counsel, but not of me; and that cover with a covering, but not of my spirit, that they may add sin to sin: <span class="ver">2</span>That walk to go down into Egypt, and have not asked at my mouth; to strengthen themselves in the strength of Pharaoh, and to trust in the shadow of Egypt! <span class="ver">3</span>Therefore shall the strength of Pharaoh be your shame, and the trust in the shadow of Egypt your confusion. <span clasM
s="ver">4</span>For his princes were at Zoan, and his ambassadors came to Hanes. <span class="ver">5</span>They were all ashamed of a people that could not profit them, nor be an help nor profit, but a shame, and also a reproach. <span class="ver">6</span>The burden of the beasts of the south: into the land of trouble and anguish, from whence come the young and old lion, the viper and fiery flying serpent, they will carry their riches upon the shoulders of young asses, and their treasures upon the bunches of camelsM
, to a people that shall not profit them. <span class="ver">7</span>For the Egyptians shall help in vain, and to no purpose: therefore have I cried concerning this, Their strength is to sit still. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Now go, write it before them in a table, and note it in a book, that it may be for the time to come for ever and ever: <span class="ver">9</span>That this is a rebellious people, lying children, children that will not hear the law of the LORD: <span class="ver">10</span>Which say to theM
seers, See not; and to the prophets, Prophesy not unto us right things, speak unto us smooth things, prophesy deceits: <span class="ver">11</span>Get you out of the way, turn aside out of the path, cause the Holy One of Israel to cease from before us. <span class="ver">12</span>Wherefore thus saith the Holy One of Israel, Because ye despise this word, and trust in oppression and perverseness, and stay thereon: <span class="ver">13</span>Therefore this iniquity shall be to you as a breach ready to fall, swelling ouM
t in a high wall, whose breaking cometh suddenly at an instant. <span class="ver">14</span>And he shall break it as the breaking of the potters
vessel that is broken in pieces; he shall not spare: so that there shall not be found in the bursting of it a sherd to take fire from the hearth, or to take water withal out of the pit. <span class="ver">15</span>For thus saith the Lord GOD, the Holy One of Israel; In returning and rest shall ye be saved; in quietness and in confidence shall be your strength: and ye woulM
d not. <span class="ver">16</span>But ye said, No; for we will flee upon horses; therefore shall ye flee: and, We will ride upon the swift; therefore shall they that pursue you be swift. <span class="ver">17</span>One thousand shall flee at the rebuke of one; at the rebuke of five shall ye flee: till ye be left as a beacon upon the top of a mountain, and as an ensign on an hill. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And therefore will the LORD wait, that he may be gracious unto you, and therefore will he be exalted,M
that he may have mercy upon you: for the LORD is a God of judgment: blessed are all they that wait for him. <span class="ver">19</span>For the people shall dwell in Zion at Jerusalem: thou shalt weep no more: he will be very gracious unto thee at the voice of thy cry; when he shall hear it, he will answer thee. <span class="ver">20</span>And though the Lord give you the bread of adversity, and the water of affliction, yet shall not thy teachers be removed into a corner any more, but thine eyes shall see thy teacheM
rs: <span class="ver">21</span>And thine ears shall hear a word behind thee, saying, This is the way, walk ye in it, when ye turn to the right hand, and when ye turn to the left. <span class="ver">22</span>Ye shall defile also the covering of thy graven images of silver, and the ornament of thy molten images of gold: thou shalt cast them away as a menstruous cloth; thou shalt say unto it, Get thee hence. <span class="ver">23</span>Then shall he give the rain of thy seed, that thou shalt sow the ground withal; and bM
read of the increase of the earth, and it shall be fat and plenteous: in that day shall thy cattle feed in large pastures. <span class="ver">24</span>The oxen likewise and the young asses that ear the ground shall eat clean provender, which hath been winnowed with the shovel and with the fan. <span class="ver">25</span>And there shall be upon every high mountain, and upon every high hill, rivers and streams of waters in the day of the great slaughter, when the towers fall. <span class="ver">26</span>Moreover the liM
ght of the moon shall be as the light of the sun, and the light of the sun shall be sevenfold, as the light of seven days, in the day that the LORD bindeth up the breach of his people, and healeth the stroke of their wound. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>Behold, the name of the LORD cometh from far, burning with his anger, and the burden thereof is heavy: his lips are full of indignation, and his tongue as a devouring fire: <span class="ver">28</span>And his breath, as an overflowing stream, shall reach to thM
e midst of the neck, to sift the nations with the sieve of vanity: and there shall be a bridle in the jaws of the people, causing them to err. <span class="ver">29</span>Ye shall have a song, as in the night when a holy solemnity is kept; and gladness of heart, as when one goeth with a pipe to come into the mountain of the LORD, to the mighty One of Israel. <span class="ver">30</span>And the LORD shall cause his glorious voice to be heard, and shall shew the lighting down of his arm, with the indignation of his angM
er, and with the flame of a devouring fire, with scattering, and tempest, and hailstones. <span class="ver">31</span>For through the voice of the LORD shall the Assyrian be beaten down, which smote with a rod. <span class="ver">32</span>And in every place where the grounded staff shall pass, which the LORD shall lay upon him, it shall be with tabrets and harps: and in battles of shaking will he fight with it. <span class="ver">33</span>For Tophet is ordained of old; yea, for the king it is prepared; he hath made itM
deep and large: the pile thereof is fire and much wood; the breath of the LORD, like a stream of brimstone, doth kindle it.
<h2 id="c31">Chapter 31</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Woe to them that go down to Egypt for help; and stay on horses, and trust in chariots, because they are many; and in horsemen, because they are very strong; but they look not unto the Holy One of Israel, neither seek the LORD! <span class="ver">2</span>Yet he also is wise, and will bring evil, and will not call back his words: buM
t will arise against the house of the evildoers, and against the help of them that work iniquity. <span class="ver">3</span>Now the Egyptians are men, and not God; and their horses flesh, and not spirit. When the LORD shall stretch out his hand, both he that helpeth shall fall, and he that is holpen shall fall down, and they all shall fail together. <span class="ver">4</span>For thus hath the LORD spoken unto me, Like as the lion and the young lion roaring on his prey, when a multitude of shepherds is called forth M
against him, he will not be afraid of their voice, nor abase himself for the noise of them: so shall the LORD of hosts come down to fight for mount Zion, and for the hill thereof. <span class="ver">5</span>As birds flying, so will the LORD of hosts defend Jerusalem; defending also he will deliver it; and passing over he will preserve it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Turn ye unto him from whom the children of Israel have deeply revolted. <span class="ver">7</span>For in that day every man shall cast away his M
idols of silver, and his idols of gold, which your own hands have made unto you for a sin. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Then shall the Assyrian fall with the sword, not of a mighty man; and the sword, not of a mean man, shall devour him: but he shall flee from the sword, and his young men shall be discomfited. <span class="ver">9</span>And he shall pass over to his strong hold for fear, and his princes shall be afraid of the ensign, saith the LORD, whose fire is in Zion, and his furnace in Jerusalem.
id="c32">Chapter 32</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Behold, a king shall reign in righteousness, and princes shall rule in judgment. <span class="ver">2</span>And a man shall be as an hiding place from the wind, and a covert from the tempest; as rivers of water in a dry place, as the shadow of a great rock in a weary land. <span class="ver">3</span>And the eyes of them that see shall not be dim, and the ears of them that hear shall hearken. <span class="ver">4</span>The heart also of the rash shall understand M
knowledge, and the tongue of the stammerers shall be ready to speak plainly. <span class="ver">5</span>The vile person shall be no more called liberal, nor the churl said to be bountiful. <span class="ver">6</span>For the vile person will speak villany, and his heart will work iniquity, to practise hypocrisy, and to utter error against the LORD, to make empty the soul of the hungry, and he will cause the drink of the thirsty to fail. <span class="ver">7</span>The instruments also of the churl are evil: he deviseth M
wicked devices to destroy the poor with lying words, even when the needy speaketh right. <span class="ver">8</span>But the liberal deviseth liberal things; and by liberal things shall he stand. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Rise up, ye women that are at ease; hear my voice, ye careless daughters; give ear unto my speech. <span class="ver">10</span>Many days and years shall ye be troubled, ye careless women: for the vintage shall fail, the gathering shall not come. <span class="ver">11</span>Tremble, ye women M
that are at ease; be troubled, ye careless ones: strip you, and make you bare, and gird sackcloth upon your loins. <span class="ver">12</span>They shall lament for the teats, for the pleasant fields, for the fruitful vine. <span class="ver">13</span>Upon the land of my people shall come up thorns and briers; yea, upon all the houses of joy in the joyous city: <span class="ver">14</span>Because the palaces shall be forsaken; the multitude of the city shall be left; the forts and towers shall be for dens for ever, a M
joy of wild asses, a pasture of flocks; <span class="ver">15</span>Until the spirit be poured upon us from on high, and the wilderness be a fruitful field, and the fruitful field be counted for a forest. <span class="ver">16</span>Then judgment shall dwell in the wilderness, and righteousness remain in the fruitful field. <span class="ver">17</span>And the work of righteousness shall be peace; and the effect of righteousness quietness and assurance for ever. <span class="ver">18</span>And my people shall dwell in aM
peaceable habitation, and in sure dwellings, and in quiet resting places; <span class="ver">19</span>When it shall hail, coming down on the forest; and the city shall be low in a low place. <span class="ver">20</span>Blessed are ye that sow beside all waters, that send forth thither the feet of the ox and the ass.
<h2 id="c33">Chapter 33</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Woe to thee that spoilest, and thou wast not spoiled; and dealest treacherously, and they dealt not treacherously with thee! when thou shalM
t cease to spoil, thou shalt be spoiled; and when thou shalt make an end to deal treacherously, they shall deal treacherously with thee. <span class="ver">2</span>O LORD, be gracious unto us; we have waited for thee: be thou their arm every morning, our salvation also in the time of trouble. <span class="ver">3</span>At the noise of the tumult the people fled; at the lifting up of thyself the nations were scattered. <span class="ver">4</span>And your spoil shall be gathered like the gathering of the caterpiller: asM
the running to and fro of locusts shall he run upon them. <span class="ver">5</span>The LORD is exalted; for he dwelleth on high: he hath filled Zion with judgment and righteousness. <span class="ver">6</span>And wisdom and knowledge shall be the stability of thy times, and strength of salvation: the fear of the LORD is his treasure. <span class="ver">7</span>Behold, their valiant ones shall cry without: the ambassadors of peace shall weep bitterly. <span class="ver">8</span>The highways lie waste, the wayfaring mM
an ceaseth: he hath broken the covenant, he hath despised the cities, he regardeth no man. <span class="ver">9</span>The earth mourneth and languisheth: Lebanon is ashamed and hewn down: Sharon is like a wilderness; and Bashan and Carmel shake off their fruits. <span class="ver">10</span>Now will I rise, saith the LORD; now will I be exalted; now will I lift up myself. <span class="ver">11</span>Ye shall conceive chaff, ye shall bring forth stubble: your breath, as fire, shall devour you. <span class="ver">12</spanM
>And the people shall be as the burnings of lime: as thorns cut up shall they be burned in the fire. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Hear, ye that are far off, what I have done; and, ye that are near, acknowledge my might. <span class="ver">14</span>The sinners in Zion are afraid; fearfulness hath surprised the hypocrites. Who among us shall dwell with the devouring fire? who among us shall dwell with everlasting burnings? <span class="ver">15</span>He that walketh righteously, and speaketh uprightly; he that M
despiseth the gain of oppressions, that shaketh his hands from holding of bribes, that stoppeth his ears from hearing of blood, and shutteth his eyes from seeing evil; <span class="ver">16</span>He shall dwell on high: his place of defence shall be the munitions of rocks: bread shall be given him; his waters shall be sure. <span class="ver">17</span>Thine eyes shall see the king in his beauty: they shall behold the land that is very far off. <span class="ver">18</span>Thine heart shall meditate terror. Where is theM
scribe? where is the receiver? where is he that counted the towers? <span class="ver">19</span>Thou shalt not see a fierce people, a people of a deeper speech than thou canst perceive; of a stammering tongue, that thou canst not understand. <span class="ver">20</span>Look upon Zion, the city of our solemnities: thine eyes shall see Jerusalem a quiet habitation, a tabernacle that shall not be taken down; not one of the stakes thereof shall ever be removed, neither shall any of the cords thereof be broken. <span claM
ss="ver">21</span>But there the glorious LORD will be unto us a place of broad rivers and streams; wherein shall go no galley with oars, neither shall gallant ship pass thereby. <span class="ver">22</span>For the LORD is our judge, the LORD is our lawgiver, the LORD is our king; he will save us. <span class="ver">23</span>Thy tacklings are loosed; they could not well strengthen their mast, they could not spread the sail: then is the prey of a great spoil divided; the lame take the prey. <span class="ver">24</span>AM
nd the inhabitant shall not say, I am sick: the people that dwell therein shall be forgiven their iniquity.
<h2 id="c34">Chapter 34</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Come near, ye nations, to hear; and hearken, ye people: let the earth hear, and all that is therein; the world, and all things that come forth of it. <span class="ver">2</span>For the indignation of the LORD is upon all nations, and his fury upon all their armies: he hath utterly destroyed them, he hath delivered them to the slaughter. <span clasM
s="ver">3</span>Their slain also shall be cast out, and their stink shall come up out of their carcases, and the mountains shall be melted with their blood. <span class="ver">4</span>And all the host of heaven shall be dissolved, and the heavens shall be rolled together as a scroll: and all their host shall fall down, as the leaf falleth off from the vine, and as a falling fig from the fig tree. <span class="ver">5</span>For my sword shall be bathed in heaven: behold, it shall come down upon Idumea, and upon the peM
ople of my curse, to judgment. <span class="ver">6</span>The sword of the LORD is filled with blood, it is made fat with fatness, and with the blood of lambs and goats, with the fat of the kidneys of rams: for the LORD hath a sacrifice in Bozrah, and a great slaughter in the land of Idumea. <span class="ver">7</span>And the unicorns shall come down with them, and the bullocks with the bulls; and their land shall be soaked with blood, and their dust made fat with fatness. <span class="ver">8</span>For it is the day M
s vengeance, and the year of recompences for the controversy of Zion. <span class="ver">9</span>And the streams thereof shall be turned into pitch, and the dust thereof into brimstone, and the land thereof shall become burning pitch. <span class="ver">10</span>It shall not be quenched night nor day; the smoke thereof shall go up for ever: from generation to generation it shall lie waste; none shall pass through it for ever and ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>But the cormorant and the bitterM
n shall possess it; the owl also and the raven shall dwell in it: and he shall stretch out upon it the line of confusion, and the stones of emptiness. <span class="ver">12</span>They shall call the nobles thereof to the kingdom, but none shall be there, and all her princes shall be nothing. <span class="ver">13</span>And thorns shall come up in her palaces, nettles and brambles in the fortresses thereof: and it shall be an habitation of dragons, and a court for owls. <span class="ver">14</span>The wild beasts of thM
e desert shall also meet with the wild beasts of the island, and the satyr shall cry to his fellow; the screech owl also shall rest there, and find for herself a place of rest. <span class="ver">15</span>There shall the great owl make her nest, and lay, and hatch, and gather under her shadow: there shall the vultures also be gathered, every one with her mate. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Seek ye out of the book of the LORD, and read: no one of these shall fail, none shall want her mate: for my mouth it hathM
commanded, and his spirit it hath gathered them. <span class="ver">17</span>And he hath cast the lot for them, and his hand hath divided it unto them by line: they shall possess it for ever, from generation to generation shall they dwell therein.
<h2 id="c35">Chapter 35</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The wilderness and the solitary place shall be glad for them; and the desert shall rejoice, and blossom as the rose. <span class="ver">2</span>It shall blossom abundantly, and rejoice even with joy and singinM
g: the glory of Lebanon shall be given unto it, the excellency of Carmel and Sharon, they shall see the glory of the LORD, and the excellency of our God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Strengthen ye the weak hands, and confirm the feeble knees. <span class="ver">4</span>Say to them that are of a fearful heart, Be strong, fear not: behold, your God will come with vengeance, even God with a recompence; he will come and save you. <span class="ver">5</span>Then the eyes of the blind shall be opened, and the ears oM
f the deaf shall be unstopped. <span class="ver">6</span>Then shall the lame man leap as an hart, and the tongue of the dumb sing: for in the wilderness shall waters break out, and streams in the desert. <span class="ver">7</span>And the parched ground shall become a pool, and the thirsty land springs of water: in the habitation of dragons, where each lay, shall be grass with reeds and rushes. <span class="ver">8</span>And an highway shall be there, and a way, and it shall be called The way of holiness; the uncleanM
shall not pass over it; but it shall be for those: the wayfaring men, though fools, shall not err therein. <span class="ver">9</span>No lion shall be there, nor any ravenous beast shall go up thereon, it shall not be found there; but the redeemed shall walk there: <span class="ver">10</span>And the ransomed of the LORD shall return, and come to Zion with songs and everlasting joy upon their heads: they shall obtain joy and gladness, and sorrow and sighing shall flee away.
<h2 id="c36">Chapter 36</h2>
n class="ver">1</span>Now it came to pass in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah, that Sennacherib king of Assyria came up against all the defenced cities of Judah, and took them. <span class="ver">2</span>And the king of Assyria sent Rabshakeh from Lachish to Jerusalem unto king Hezekiah with a great army. And he stood by the conduit of the upper pool in the highway of the fuller
s field. <span class="ver">3</span>Then came forth unto him Eliakim, Hilkiah
s son, which was over the house, and Shebna the scribeM
s son, the recorder. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And Rabshakeh said unto them, Say ye now to Hezekiah, Thus saith the great king, the king of Assyria, What confidence is this wherein thou trustest? <span class="ver">5</span>I say, sayest thou, (but they are but vain words) I have counsel and strength for war: now on whom dost thou trust, that thou rebellest against me? <span class="ver">6</span>Lo, thou trustest in the staff of this broken reed, on Egypt; whereon if a man lean, it will gM
o into his hand, and pierce it: so is Pharaoh king of Egypt to all that trust in him. <span class="ver">7</span>But if thou say to me, We trust in the LORD our God: is it not he, whose high places and whose altars Hezekiah hath taken away, and said to Judah and to Jerusalem, Ye shall worship before this altar? <span class="ver">8</span>Now therefore give pledges, I pray thee, to my master the king of Assyria, and I will give thee two thousand horses, if thou be able on thy part to set riders upon them. <span class=M
"ver">9</span>How then wilt thou turn away the face of one captain of the least of my master
s servants, and put thy trust on Egypt for chariots and for horsemen? <span class="ver">10</span>And am I now come up without the LORD against this land to destroy it? the LORD said unto me, Go up against this land, and destroy it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Then said Eliakim and Shebna and Joah unto Rabshakeh, Speak, I pray thee, unto thy servants in the Syrian language; for we understand it: and speak not to uM
language, in the ears of the people that are on the wall. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>But Rabshakeh said, Hath my master sent me to thy master and to thee to speak these words? hath he not sent me to the men that sit upon the wall, that they may eat their own dung, and drink their own piss with you? <span class="ver">13</span>Then Rabshakeh stood, and cried with a loud voice in the Jews
language, and said, Hear ye the words of the great king, the king of Assyria. <span class="ver">14</sM
pan>Thus saith the king, Let not Hezekiah deceive you: for he shall not be able to deliver you. <span class="ver">15</span>Neither let Hezekiah make you trust in the LORD, saying, The LORD will surely deliver us: this city shall not be delivered into the hand of the king of Assyria. <span class="ver">16</span>Hearken not to Hezekiah: for thus saith the king of Assyria, Make an agreement with me by a present, and come out to me: and eat ye every one of his vine, and every one of his fig tree, and drink ye every one M
the waters of his own cistern; <span class="ver">17</span>Until I come and take you away to a land like your own land, a land of corn and wine, a land of bread and vineyards. <span class="ver">18</span>Beware lest Hezekiah persuade you, saying, The LORD will deliver us. Hath any of the gods of the nations delivered his land out of the hand of the king of Assyria? <span class="ver">19</span>Where are the gods of Hamath and Arphad? where are the gods of Sepharvaim? and have they delivered Samaria out of my hand? <spaM
n class="ver">20</span>Who are they among all the gods of these lands, that have delivered their land out of my hand, that the LORD should deliver Jerusalem out of my hand? <span class="ver">21</span>But they held their peace, and answered him not a word: for the king
s commandment was, saying, Answer him not. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Then came Eliakim, the son of Hilkiah, that was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah, the son of Asaph, the recorder, to Hezekiah with their clothes rent,M
and told him the words of Rabshakeh.
<h2 id="c37">Chapter 37</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass, when king Hezekiah heard it, that he rent his clothes, and covered himself with sackcloth, and went into the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">2</span>And he sent Eliakim, who was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and the elders of the priests covered with sackcloth, unto Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz. <span class="ver">3</span>And they said unto him, Thus saith Hezekiah, This M
day is a day of trouble, and of rebuke, and of blasphemy: for the children are come to the birth, and there is not strength to bring forth. <span class="ver">4</span>It may be the LORD thy God will hear the words of Rabshakeh, whom the king of Assyria his master hath sent to reproach the living God, and will reprove the words which the LORD thy God hath heard: wherefore lift up thy prayer for the remnant that is left. <span class="ver">5</span>So the servants of king Hezekiah came to Isaiah. </p>
ver">6</span>And Isaiah said unto them, Thus shall ye say unto your master, Thus saith the LORD, Be not afraid of the words that thou hast heard, wherewith the servants of the king of Assyria have blasphemed me. <span class="ver">7</span>Behold, I will send a blast upon him, and he shall hear a rumour, and return to his own land; and I will cause him to fall by the sword in his own land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>So Rabshakeh returned, and found the king of Assyria warring against Libnah: for he had heardM
that he was departed from Lachish. <span class="ver">9</span>And he heard say concerning Tirhakah king of Ethiopia, He is come forth to make war with thee. And when he heard it, he sent messengers to Hezekiah, saying, <span class="ver">10</span>Thus shall ye speak to Hezekiah king of Judah, saying, Let not thy God, in whom thou trustest, deceive thee, saying, Jerusalem shall not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria. <span class="ver">11</span>Behold, thou hast heard what the kings of Assyria have done to M
all lands by destroying them utterly; and shalt thou be delivered? <span class="ver">12</span>Have the gods of the nations delivered them which my fathers have destroyed, as Gozan, and Haran, and Rezeph, and the children of Eden which were in Telassar? <span class="ver">13</span>Where is the king of Hamath, and the king of Arphad, and the king of the city of Sepharvaim, Hena, and Ivah? </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And Hezekiah received the letter from the hand of the messengers, and read it: and Hezekiah weM
nt up unto the house of the LORD, and spread it before the LORD. <span class="ver">15</span>And Hezekiah prayed unto the LORD, saying, <span class="ver">16</span>O LORD of hosts, God of Israel, that dwellest between the cherubims, thou art the God, even thou alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth: thou hast made heaven and earth. <span class="ver">17</span>Incline thine ear, O LORD, and hear; open thine eyes, O LORD, and see: and hear all the words of Sennacherib, which hath sent to reproach the living God. <span M
class="ver">18</span>Of a truth, LORD, the kings of Assyria have laid waste all the nations, and their countries, <span class="ver">19</span>And have cast their gods into the fire: for they were no gods, but the work of men
s hands, wood and stone: therefore they have destroyed them. <span class="ver">20</span>Now therefore, O LORD our God, save us from his hand, that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that thou art the LORD, even thou only. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Then Isaiah the son of Amoz senM
t unto Hezekiah, saying, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Whereas thou hast prayed to me against Sennacherib king of Assyria: <span class="ver">22</span>This is the word which the LORD hath spoken concerning him; The virgin, the daughter of Zion, hath despised thee, and laughed thee to scorn; the daughter of Jerusalem hath shaken her head at thee. <span class="ver">23</span>Whom hast thou reproached and blasphemed? and against whom hast thou exalted thy voice, and lifted up thine eyes on high? even against the HoM
ly One of Israel. <span class="ver">24</span>By thy servants hast thou reproached the Lord, and hast said, By the multitude of my chariots am I come up to the height of the mountains, to the sides of Lebanon; and I will cut down the tall cedars thereof, and the choice fir trees thereof: and I will enter into the height of his border, and the forest of his Carmel. <span class="ver">25</span>I have digged, and drunk water; and with the sole of my feet have I dried up all the rivers of the besieged places. <span classM
="ver">26</span>Hast thou not heard long ago, how I have done it; and of ancient times, that I have formed it? now have I brought it to pass, that thou shouldest be to lay waste defenced cities into ruinous heaps. <span class="ver">27</span>Therefore their inhabitants were of small power, they were dismayed and confounded: they were as the grass of the field, and as the green herb, as the grass on the housetops, and as corn blasted before it be grown up. <span class="ver">28</span>But I know thy abode, and thy goinM
g out, and thy coming in, and thy rage against me. <span class="ver">29</span>Because thy rage against me, and thy tumult, is come up into mine ears, therefore will I put my hook in thy nose, and my bridle in thy lips, and I will turn thee back by the way by which thou camest. <span class="ver">30</span>And this shall be a sign unto thee, Ye shall eat this year such as groweth of itself; and the second year that which springeth of the same: and in the third year sow ye, and reap, and plant vineyards, and eat the frM
uit thereof. <span class="ver">31</span>And the remnant that is escaped of the house of Judah shall again take root downward, and bear fruit upward: <span class="ver">32</span>For out of Jerusalem shall go forth a remnant, and they that escape out of mount Zion: the zeal of the LORD of hosts shall do this. <span class="ver">33</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD concerning the king of Assyria, He shall not come into this city, nor shoot an arrow there, nor come before it with shields, nor cast a bank against it. <sM
pan class="ver">34</span>By the way that he came, by the same shall he return, and shall not come into this city, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">35</span>For I will defend this city to save it for mine own sake, and for my servant David
s sake. <span class="ver">36</span>Then the angel of the LORD went forth, and smote in the camp of the Assyrians a hundred and fourscore and five thousand: and when they arose early in the morning, behold, they were all dead corpses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">37</span>So SennM
acherib king of Assyria departed, and went and returned, and dwelt at Nineveh. <span class="ver">38</span>And it came to pass, as he was worshipping in the house of Nisroch his god, that Adrammelech and Sharezer his sons smote him with the sword; and they escaped into the land of Armenia: and Esar-haddon his son reigned in his stead.
<h2 id="c38">Chapter 38</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In those days was Hezekiah sick unto death. And Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz came unto him, and said unto him, ThuM
s saith the LORD, Set thine house in order: for thou shalt die, and not live. <span class="ver">2</span>Then Hezekiah turned his face toward the wall, and prayed unto the LORD, <span class="ver">3</span>And said, Remember now, O LORD, I beseech thee, how I have walked before thee in truth and with a perfect heart, and have done that which is good in thy sight. And Hezekiah wept sore. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Then came the word of the LORD to Isaiah, saying, <span class="ver">5</span>Go, and say to HezekiM
ah, Thus saith the LORD, the God of David thy father, I have heard thy prayer, I have seen thy tears: behold, I will add unto thy days fifteen years. <span class="ver">6</span>And I will deliver thee and this city out of the hand of the king of Assyria: and I will defend this city. <span class="ver">7</span>And this shall be a sign unto thee from the LORD, that the LORD will do this thing that he hath spoken; <span class="ver">8</span>Behold, I will bring again the shadow of the degrees, which is gone down in the sM
un dial of Ahaz, ten degrees backward. So the sun returned ten degrees, by which degrees it was gone down. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>The writing of Hezekiah king of Judah, when he had been sick, and was recovered of his sickness: <span class="ver">10</span>I said in the cutting off of my days, I shall go to the gates of the grave: I am deprived of the residue of my years. <span class="ver">11</span>I said, I shall not see the LORD, even the LORD, in the land of the living: I shall behold man no more with M
the inhabitants of the world. <span class="ver">12</span>Mine age is departed, and is removed from me as a shepherd
s tent: I have cut off like a weaver my life: he will cut me off with pining sickness: from day even to night wilt thou make an end of me. <span class="ver">13</span>I reckoned till morning, that, as a lion, so will he break all my bones: from day even to night wilt thou make an end of me. <span class="ver">14</span>Like a crane or a swallow, so did I chatter: I did mourn as a dove: mine eyes fail wM
ith looking upward: O LORD, I am oppressed; undertake for me. <span class="ver">15</span>What shall I say? he hath both spoken unto me, and himself hath done it: I shall go softly all my years in the bitterness of my soul. <span class="ver">16</span>O Lord, by these things men live, and in all these things is the life of my spirit: so wilt thou recover me, and make me to live. <span class="ver">17</span>Behold, for peace I had great bitterness: but thou hast in love to my soul delivered it from the pit of corruptioM
n: for thou hast cast all my sins behind thy back. <span class="ver">18</span>For the grave cannot praise thee, death can not celebrate thee: they that go down into the pit cannot hope for thy truth. <span class="ver">19</span>The living, the living, he shall praise thee, as I do this day: the father to the children shall make known thy truth. <span class="ver">20</span>The LORD was ready to save me: therefore we will sing my songs to the stringed instruments all the days of our life in the house of the LORD. <spanM
class="ver">21</span>For Isaiah had said, Let them take a lump of figs, and lay it for a plaister upon the boil, and he shall recover. <span class="ver">22</span>Hezekiah also had said, What is the sign that I shall go up to the house of the LORD?
<h2 id="c39">Chapter 39</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>At that time Merodach-baladan, the son of Baladan, king of Babylon, sent letters and a present to Hezekiah: for he had heard that he had been sick, and was recovered. <span class="ver">2</span>And Hezekiah wM
as glad of them, and shewed them the house of his precious things, the silver, and the gold, and the spices, and the precious ointment, and all the house of his armour, and all that was found in his treasures: there was nothing in his house, nor in all his dominion, that Hezekiah shewed them not. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Then came Isaiah the prophet unto king Hezekiah, and said unto him, What said these men? and from whence came they unto thee? And Hezekiah said, They are come from a far country unto me,M
even from Babylon. <span class="ver">4</span>Then said he, What have they seen in thine house? And Hezekiah answered, All that is in mine house have they seen: there is nothing among my treasures that I have not shewed them. <span class="ver">5</span>Then said Isaiah to Hezekiah, Hear the word of the LORD of hosts: <span class="ver">6</span>Behold, the days come, that all that is in thine house, and that which thy fathers have laid up in store until this day, shall be carried to Babylon: nothing shall be left, saiM
th the LORD. <span class="ver">7</span>And of thy sons that shall issue from thee, which thou shalt beget, shall they take away; and they shall be eunuchs in the palace of the king of Babylon. <span class="ver">8</span>Then said Hezekiah to Isaiah, Good is the word of the LORD which thou hast spoken. He said moreover, For there shall be peace and truth in my days.
<h2 id="c40">Chapter 40</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Comfort ye, comfort ye my people, saith your God. <span class="ver">2</span>Speak ye comfM
ortably to Jerusalem, and cry unto her, that her warfare is accomplished, that her iniquity is pardoned: for she hath received of the LORD
s hand double for all her sins. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the LORD, make straight in the desert a highway for our God. <span class="ver">4</span>Every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall be made low: and the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places plain: <span clM
ass="ver">5</span>And the glory of the LORD shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together: for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken it. <span class="ver">6</span>The voice said, Cry. And he said, What shall I cry? All flesh is grass, and all the goodliness thereof is as the flower of the field: <span class="ver">7</span>The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: because the spirit of the LORD bloweth upon it: surely the people is grass. <span class="ver">8</span>The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: but the woM
rd of our God shall stand for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>O Zion, that bringest good tidings, get thee up into the high mountain; O Jerusalem, that bringest good tidings, lift up thy voice with strength; lift it up, be not afraid; say unto the cities of Judah, Behold your God! <span class="ver">10</span>Behold, the Lord GOD will come with strong hand, and his arm shall rule for him: behold, his reward is with him, and his work before him. <span class="ver">11</span>He shall feed his flock like a shephM
erd: he shall gather the lambs with his arm, and carry them in his bosom, and shall gently lead those that are with young. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Who hath measured the waters in the hollow of his hand, and meted out heaven with the span, and comprehended the dust of the earth in a measure, and weighed the mountains in scales, and the hills in a balance? <span class="ver">13</span>Who hath directed the Spirit of the LORD, or being his counsellor hath taught him? <span class="ver">14</span>With whom tooM
k he counsel, and who instructed him, and taught him in the path of judgment, and taught him knowledge, and shewed to him the way of understanding? <span class="ver">15</span>Behold, the nations are as a drop of a bucket, and are counted as the small dust of the balance: behold, he taketh up the isles as a very little thing. <span class="ver">16</span>And Lebanon is not sufficient to burn, nor the beasts thereof sufficient for a burnt offering. <span class="ver">17</span>All nations before him are as nothing; and tM
hey are counted to him less than nothing, and vanity. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>To whom then will ye liken God? or what likeness will ye compare unto him? <span class="ver">19</span>The workman melteth a graven image, and the goldsmith spreadeth it over with gold, and casteth silver chains. <span class="ver">20</span>He that is so impoverished that he hath no oblation chooseth a tree that will not rot; he seeketh unto him a cunning workman to prepare a graven image, that shall not be moved. <span class="M
ver">21</span>Have ye not known? have ye not heard? hath it not been told you from the beginning? have ye not understood from the foundations of the earth? <span class="ver">22</span>It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth, and the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers; that stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain, and spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell in: <span class="ver">23</span>That bringeth the princes to nothing; he maketh the judges of the earth as vanity. <span class="ver">24</span>Yea, thM
ey shall not be planted; yea, they shall not be sown: yea, their stock shall not take root in the earth: and he shall also blow upon them, and they shall wither, and the whirlwind shall take them away as stubble. <span class="ver">25</span>To whom then will ye liken me, or shall I be equal? saith the Holy One. <span class="ver">26</span>Lift up your eyes on high, and behold who hath created these things, that bringeth out their host by number: he calleth them all by names by the greatness of his might, for that he M
is strong in power; not one faileth. <span class="ver">27</span>Why sayest thou, O Jacob, and speakest, O Israel, My way is hid from the LORD, and my judgment is passed over from my God? </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>Hast thou not known? hast thou not heard, that the everlasting God, the LORD, the Creator of the ends of the earth, fainteth not, neither is weary? there is no searching of his understanding. <span class="ver">29</span>He giveth power to the faint; and to them that have no might he increaseth stM
rength. <span class="ver">30</span>Even the youths shall faint and be weary, and the young men shall utterly fall: <span class="ver">31</span>But they that wait upon the LORD shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings as eagles; they shall run, and not be weary; and they shall walk, and not faint.
<h2 id="c41">Chapter 41</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Keep silence before me, O islands; and let the people renew their strength: let them come near; then let them speak: let us come near togetheM
r to judgment. <span class="ver">2</span>Who raised up the righteous man from the east, called him to his foot, gave the nations before him, and made him rule over kings? he gave them as the dust to his sword, and as driven stubble to his bow. <span class="ver">3</span>He pursued them, and passed safely; even by the way that he had not gone with his feet. <span class="ver">4</span>Who hath wrought and done it, calling the generations from the beginning? I the LORD, the first, and with the last; I am he. <span classM
="ver">5</span>The isles saw it, and feared; the ends of the earth were afraid, drew near, and came. <span class="ver">6</span>They helped every one his neighbour; and every one said to his brother, Be of good courage. <span class="ver">7</span>So the carpenter encouraged the goldsmith, and he that smootheth with the hammer him that smote the anvil, saying, It is ready for the sodering: and he fastened it with nails, that it should not be moved. <span class="ver">8</span>But thou, Israel, art my servant, Jacob whomM
I have chosen, the seed of Abraham my friend. <span class="ver">9</span>Thou whom I have taken from the ends of the earth, and called thee from the chief men thereof, and said unto thee, Thou art my servant; I have chosen thee, and not cast thee away. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Fear thou not; for I am with thee: be not dismayed; for I am thy God: I will strengthen thee; yea, I will help thee; yea, I will uphold thee with the right hand of my righteousness. <span class="ver">11</span>Behold, all they thatM
were incensed against thee shall be ashamed and confounded: they shall be as nothing; and they that strive with thee shall perish. <span class="ver">12</span>Thou shalt seek them, and shalt not find them, even them that contended with thee: they that war against thee shall be as nothing, and as a thing of nought. <span class="ver">13</span>For I the LORD thy God will hold thy right hand, saying unto thee, Fear not; I will help thee. <span class="ver">14</span>Fear not, thou worm Jacob, and ye men of Israel; I willM
help thee, saith the LORD, and thy redeemer, the Holy One of Israel. <span class="ver">15</span>Behold, I will make thee a new sharp threshing instrument having teeth: thou shalt thresh the mountains, and beat them small, and shalt make the hills as chaff. <span class="ver">16</span>Thou shalt fan them, and the wind shall carry them away, and the whirlwind shall scatter them: and thou shalt rejoice in the LORD, and shalt glory in the Holy One of Israel. <span class="ver">17</span>When the poor and needy seek waterM
, and there is none, and their tongue faileth for thirst, I the LORD will hear them, I the God of Israel will not forsake them. <span class="ver">18</span>I will open rivers in high places, and fountains in the midst of the valleys: I will make the wilderness a pool of water, and the dry land springs of water. <span class="ver">19</span>I will plant in the wilderness the cedar, the shittah tree, and the myrtle, and the oil tree; I will set in the desert the fir tree, and the pine, and the box tree together: <span cM
lass="ver">20</span>That they may see, and know, and consider, and understand together, that the hand of the LORD hath done this, and the Holy One of Israel hath created it. <span class="ver">21</span>Produce your cause, saith the LORD; bring forth your strong reasons, saith the King of Jacob. <span class="ver">22</span>Let them bring them forth, and shew us what shall happen: let them shew the former things, what they be, that we may consider them, and know the latter end of them; or declare us things for to come.M
<span class="ver">23</span>Shew the things that are to come hereafter, that we may know that ye are gods: yea, do good, or do evil, that we may be dismayed, and behold it together. <span class="ver">24</span>Behold, ye are of nothing, and your work of nought: an abomination is he that chooseth you. <span class="ver">25</span>I have raised up one from the north, and he shall come: from the rising of the sun shall he call upon my name: and he shall come upon princes as upon morter, and as the potter treadeth clay. <M
span class="ver">26</span>Who hath declared from the beginning, that we may know? and beforetime, that we may say, He is righteous? yea, there is none that sheweth, yea, there is none that declareth, yea, there is none that heareth your words. <span class="ver">27</span>The first shall say to Zion, Behold, behold them: and I will give to Jerusalem one that bringeth good tidings. <span class="ver">28</span>For I beheld, and there was no man; even among them, and there was no counsellor, that, when I asked of them, cM
ould answer a word. <span class="ver">29</span>Behold, they are all vanity; their works are nothing: their molten images are wind and confusion.
<h2 id="c42">Chapter 42</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Behold my servant, whom I uphold; mine elect, in whom my soul delighteth; I have put my spirit upon him: he shall bring forth judgment to the Gentiles. <span class="ver">2</span>He shall not cry, nor lift up, nor cause his voice to be heard in the street. <span class="ver">3</span>A bruised reed shall he not bM
reak, and the smoking flax shall he not quench: he shall bring forth judgment unto truth. <span class="ver">4</span>He shall not fail nor be discouraged, till he have set judgment in the earth: and the isles shall wait for his law. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Thus saith God the LORD, he that created the heavens, and stretched them out; he that spread forth the earth, and that which cometh out of it; he that giveth breath unto the people upon it, and spirit to them that walk therein: <span class="ver">6</spaM
n>I the LORD have called thee in righteousness, and will hold thine hand, and will keep thee, and give thee for a covenant of the people, for a light of the Gentiles; <span class="ver">7</span>To open the blind eyes, to bring out the prisoners from the prison, and them that sit in darkness out of the prison house. <span class="ver">8</span>I am the LORD: that is my name: and my glory will I not give to another, neither my praise to graven images. <span class="ver">9</span>Behold, the former things are come to pass,M
and new things do I declare: before they spring forth I tell you of them. <span class="ver">10</span>Sing unto the LORD a new song, and his praise from the end of the earth, ye that go down to the sea, and all that is therein; the isles, and the inhabitants thereof. <span class="ver">11</span>Let the wilderness and the cities thereof lift up their voice, the villages that Kedar doth inhabit: let the inhabitants of the rock sing, let them shout from the top of the mountains. <span class="ver">12</span>Let them giveM
glory unto the LORD, and declare his praise in the islands. <span class="ver">13</span>The LORD shall go forth as a mighty man, he shall stir up jealousy like a man of war: he shall cry, yea, roar; he shall prevail against his enemies. <span class="ver">14</span>I have long time holden my peace; I have been still, and refrained myself: now will I cry like a travailing woman; I will destroy and devour at once. <span class="ver">15</span>I will make waste mountains and hills, and dry up all their herbs; and I will mM
ake the rivers islands, and I will dry up the pools. <span class="ver">16</span>And I will bring the blind by a way that they knew not; I will lead them in paths that they have not known: I will make darkness light before them, and crooked things straight. These things will I do unto them, and not forsake them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>They shall be turned back, they shall be greatly ashamed, that trust in graven images, that say to the molten images, Ye are our gods. <span class="ver">18</span>Hear, yeM
deaf; and look, ye blind, that ye may see. <span class="ver">19</span>Who is blind, but my servant? or deaf, as my messenger that I sent? who is blind as he that is perfect, and blind as the LORD
s servant? <span class="ver">20</span>Seeing many things, but thou observest not; opening the ears, but he heareth not. <span class="ver">21</span>The LORD is well pleased for his righteousness
sake; he will magnify the law, and make it honourable. <span class="ver">22</span>But this is a people robbed and spoiled; tM
hey are all of them snared in holes, and they are hid in prison houses: they are for a prey, and none delivereth; for a spoil, and none saith, Restore. <span class="ver">23</span>Who among you will give ear to this? who will hearken and hear for the time to come? <span class="ver">24</span>Who gave Jacob for a spoil, and Israel to the robbers? did not the LORD, he against whom we have sinned? for they would not walk in his ways, neither were they obedient unto his law. <span class="ver">25</span>Therefore he hath pM
oured upon him the fury of his anger, and the strength of battle: and it hath set him on fire round about, yet he knew not; and it burned him, yet he laid it not to heart.
<h2 id="c43">Chapter 43</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>But now thus saith the LORD that created thee, O Jacob, and he that formed thee, O Israel, Fear not: for I have redeemed thee, I have called thee by thy name; thou art mine. <span class="ver">2</span>When thou passest through the waters, I will be with thee; and through the rivers, tM
hey shall not overflow thee: when thou walkest through the fire, thou shalt not be burned; neither shall the flame kindle upon thee. <span class="ver">3</span>For I am the LORD thy God, the Holy One of Israel, thy Saviour: I gave Egypt for thy ransom, Ethiopia and Seba for thee. <span class="ver">4</span>Since thou wast precious in my sight, thou hast been honourable, and I have loved thee: therefore will I give men for thee, and people for thy life. <span class="ver">5</span>Fear not: for I am with thee: I will brM
ing thy seed from the east, and gather thee from the west; <span class="ver">6</span>I will say to the north, Give up; and to the south, Keep not back: bring my sons from far, and my daughters from the ends of the earth; <span class="ver">7</span>Even every one that is called by my name: for I have created him for my glory, I have formed him; yea, I have made him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Bring forth the blind people that have eyes, and the deaf that have ears. <span class="ver">9</span>Let all the natioM
ns be gathered together, and let the people be assembled: who among them can declare this, and shew us former things? let them bring forth their witnesses, that they may be justified: or let them hear, and say, It is truth. <span class="ver">10</span>Ye are my witnesses, saith the LORD, and my servant whom I have chosen: that ye may know and believe me, and understand that I am he: before me there was no God formed, neither shall there be after me. <span class="ver">11</span>I, even I, am the LORD; and beside me thM
ere is no saviour. <span class="ver">12</span>I have declared, and have saved, and I have shewed, when there was no strange god among you: therefore ye are my witnesses, saith the LORD, that I am God. <span class="ver">13</span>Yea, before the day was I am he; and there is none that can deliver out of my hand: I will work, and who shall let it? </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Thus saith the LORD, your redeemer, the Holy One of Israel; For your sake I have sent to Babylon, and have brought down all their noblesM
, and the Chaldeans, whose cry is in the ships. <span class="ver">15</span>I am the LORD, your Holy One, the creator of Israel, your King. <span class="ver">16</span>Thus saith the LORD, which maketh a way in the sea, and a path in the mighty waters; <span class="ver">17</span>Which bringeth forth the chariot and horse, the army and the power; they shall lie down together, they shall not rise: they are extinct, they are quenched as tow. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Remember ye not the former things, neitherM
consider the things of old. <span class="ver">19</span>Behold, I will do a new thing; now it shall spring forth; shall ye not know it? I will even make a way in the wilderness, and rivers in the desert. <span class="ver">20</span>The beast of the field shall honour me, the dragons and the owls: because I give waters in the wilderness, and rivers in the desert, to give drink to my people, my chosen. <span class="ver">21</span>This people have I formed for myself; they shall shew forth my praise. </p>
ss="ver">22</span>But thou hast not called upon me, O Jacob; but thou hast been weary of me, O Israel. <span class="ver">23</span>Thou hast not brought me the small cattle of thy burnt offerings; neither hast thou honoured me with thy sacrifices. I have not caused thee to serve with an offering, nor wearied thee with incense. <span class="ver">24</span>Thou hast bought me no sweet cane with money, neither hast thou filled me with the fat of thy sacrifices: but thou hast made me to serve with thy sins, thou hast weaM
ried me with thine iniquities. <span class="ver">25</span>I, even I, am he that blotteth out thy transgressions for mine own sake, and will not remember thy sins. <span class="ver">26</span>Put me in remembrance: let us plead together: declare thou, that thou mayest be justified. <span class="ver">27</span>Thy first father hath sinned, and thy teachers have transgressed against me. <span class="ver">28</span>Therefore I have profaned the princes of the sanctuary, and have given Jacob to the curse, and Israel to repM
<h2 id="c44">Chapter 44</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Yet now hear, O Jacob my servant; and Israel, whom I have chosen: <span class="ver">2</span>Thus saith the LORD that made thee, and formed thee from the womb, which will help thee; Fear not, O Jacob, my servant; and thou, Jesurun, whom I have chosen. <span class="ver">3</span>For I will pour water upon him that is thirsty, and floods upon the dry ground: I will pour my spirit upon thy seed, and my blessing upon thine offspring: <span class="veM
r">4</span>And they shall spring up as among the grass, as willows by the water courses. <span class="ver">5</span>One shall say, I am the LORD
s; and another shall call himself by the name of Jacob; and another shall subscribe with his hand unto the LORD, and surname himself by the name of Israel. <span class="ver">6</span>Thus saith the LORD the King of Israel, and his redeemer the LORD of hosts; I am the first, and I am the last; and beside me there is no God. <span class="ver">7</span>And who, as I, shall calM
l, and shall declare it, and set it in order for me, since I appointed the ancient people? and the things that are coming, and shall come, let them shew unto them. <span class="ver">8</span>Fear ye not, neither be afraid: have not I told thee from that time, and have declared it? ye are even my witnesses. Is there a God beside me? yea, there is no God; I know not any. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>They that make a graven image are all of them vanity; and their delectable things shall not profit; and they are M
their own witnesses; they see not, nor know; that they may be ashamed. <span class="ver">10</span>Who hath formed a god, or molten a graven image that is profitable for nothing? <span class="ver">11</span>Behold, all his fellows shall be ashamed: and the workmen, they are of men: let them all be gathered together, let them stand up; yet they shall fear, and they shall be ashamed together. <span class="ver">12</span>The smith with the tongs both worketh in the coals, and fashioneth it with hammers, and worketh it wiM
th the strength of his arms: yea, he is hungry, and his strength faileth: he drinketh no water, and is faint. <span class="ver">13</span>The carpenter stretcheth out his rule; he marketh it out with a line; he fitteth it with planes, and he marketh it out with the compass, and maketh it after the figure of a man, according to the beauty of a man; that it may remain in the house. <span class="ver">14</span>He heweth him down cedars, and taketh the cypress and the oak, which he strengtheneth for himself among the treM
es of the forest: he planteth an ash, and the rain doth nourish it. <span class="ver">15</span>Then shall it be for a man to burn: for he will take thereof, and warm himself; yea, he kindleth it, and baketh bread; yea, he maketh a god, and worshippeth it; he maketh it a graven image, and falleth down thereto. <span class="ver">16</span>He burneth part thereof in the fire; with part thereof he eateth flesh; he roasteth roast, and is satisfied: yea, he warmeth himself, and saith, Aha, I am warm, I have seen the fire:M
<span class="ver">17</span>And the residue thereof he maketh a god, even his graven image: he falleth down unto it, and worshippeth it, and prayeth unto it, and saith, Deliver me; for thou art my god. <span class="ver">18</span>They have not known nor understood: for he hath shut their eyes, that they cannot see; and their hearts, that they cannot understand. <span class="ver">19</span>And none considereth in his heart, neither is there knowledge nor understanding to say, I have burned part of it in the fire; yea,M
also I have baked bread upon the coals thereof; I have roasted flesh, and eaten it: and shall I make the residue thereof an abomination? shall I fall down to the stock of a tree? <span class="ver">20</span>He feedeth on ashes: a deceived heart hath turned him aside, that he cannot deliver his soul, nor say, Is there not a lie in my right hand? </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Remember these, O Jacob and Israel; for thou art my servant: I have formed thee; thou art my servant: O Israel, thou shalt not be forgotM
ten of me. <span class="ver">22</span>I have blotted out, as a thick cloud, thy transgressions, and, as a cloud, thy sins: return unto me; for I have redeemed thee. <span class="ver">23</span>Sing, O ye heavens; for the LORD hath done it: shout, ye lower parts of the earth: break forth into singing, ye mountains, O forest, and every tree therein: for the LORD hath redeemed Jacob, and glorified himself in Israel. <span class="ver">24</span>Thus saith the LORD, thy redeemer, and he that formed thee from the womb, I aM
m the LORD that maketh all things; that stretcheth forth the heavens alone; that spreadeth abroad the earth by myself; <span class="ver">25</span>That frustrateth the tokens of the liars, and maketh diviners mad; that turneth wise men backward, and maketh their knowledge foolish; <span class="ver">26</span>That confirmeth the word of his servant, and performeth the counsel of his messengers; that saith to Jerusalem, Thou shalt be inhabited; and to the cities of Judah, Ye shall be built, and I will raise up the decaM
yed places thereof: <span class="ver">27</span>That saith to the deep, Be dry, and I will dry up thy rivers: <span class="ver">28</span>That saith of Cyrus, He is my shepherd, and shall perform all my pleasure: even saying to Jerusalem, Thou shalt be built; and to the temple, Thy foundation shall be laid.
<h2 id="c45">Chapter 45</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Thus saith the LORD to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him; and I will loose the loins of kings, to M
open before him the two leaved gates; and the gates shall not be shut; <span class="ver">2</span>I will go before thee, and make the crooked places straight: I will break in pieces the gates of brass, and cut in sunder the bars of iron: <span class="ver">3</span>And I will give thee the treasures of darkness, and hidden riches of secret places, that thou mayest know that I, the LORD, which call thee by thy name, am the God of Israel. <span class="ver">4</span>For Jacob my servant
s sake, and Israel mine elect, I M
have even called thee by thy name: I have surnamed thee, though thou hast not known me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>I am the LORD, and there is none else, there is no God beside me: I girded thee, though thou hast not known me: <span class="ver">6</span>That they may know from the rising of the sun, and from the west, that there is none beside me. I am the LORD, and there is none else. <span class="ver">7</span>I form the light, and create darkness: I make peace, and create evil: I the LORD do all these thiM
ngs. <span class="ver">8</span>Drop down, ye heavens, from above, and let the skies pour down righteousness: let the earth open, and let them bring forth salvation, and let righteousness spring up together; I the LORD have created it. <span class="ver">9</span>Woe unto him that striveth with his Maker! Let the potsherd strive with the potsherds of the earth. Shall the clay say to him that fashioneth it, What makest thou? or thy work, He hath no hands? <span class="ver">10</span>Woe unto him that saith unto his fathM
er, What begettest thou? or to the woman, What hast thou brought forth? <span class="ver">11</span>Thus saith the LORD, the Holy One of Israel, and his Maker, Ask me of things to come concerning my sons, and concerning the work of my hands command ye me. <span class="ver">12</span>I have made the earth, and created man upon it: I, even my hands, have stretched out the heavens, and all their host have I commanded. <span class="ver">13</span>I have raised him up in righteousness, and I will direct all his ways: he shM
all build my city, and he shall let go my captives, not for price nor reward, saith the LORD of hosts. <span class="ver">14</span>Thus saith the LORD, The labour of Egypt, and merchandise of Ethiopia and of the Sabeans, men of stature, shall come over unto thee, and they shall be thine: they shall come after thee; in chains they shall come over, and they shall fall down unto thee, they shall make supplication unto thee, saying, Surely God is in thee; and there is none else, there is no God. <span class="ver">15</spM
an>Verily thou art a God that hidest thyself, O God of Israel, the Saviour. <span class="ver">16</span>They shall be ashamed, and also confounded, all of them: they shall go to confusion together that are makers of idols. <span class="ver">17</span>But Israel shall be saved in the LORD with an everlasting salvation: ye shall not be ashamed nor confounded world without end. <span class="ver">18</span>For thus saith the LORD that created the heavens; God himself that formed the earth and made it; he hath established M
it, he created it not in vain, he formed it to be inhabited: I am the LORD; and there is none else. <span class="ver">19</span>I have not spoken in secret, in a dark place of the earth: I said not unto the seed of Jacob, Seek ye me in vain: I the LORD speak righteousness, I declare things that are right. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Assemble yourselves and come; draw near together, ye that are escaped of the nations: they have no knowledge that set up the wood of their graven image, and pray unto a god thatM
cannot save. <span class="ver">21</span>Tell ye, and bring them near; yea, let them take counsel together: who hath declared this from ancient time? who hath told it from that time? have not I the LORD? and there is no God else beside me; a just God and a Saviour; there is none beside me. <span class="ver">22</span>Look unto me, and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth: for I am God, and there is none else. <span class="ver">23</span>I have sworn by myself, the word is gone out of my mouth in righteousness, and M
shall not return, That unto me every knee shall bow, every tongue shall swear. <span class="ver">24</span>Surely, shall one say, in the LORD have I righteousness and strength: even to him shall men come; and all that are incensed against him shall be ashamed. <span class="ver">25</span>In the LORD shall all the seed of Israel be justified, and shall glory.
<h2 id="c46">Chapter 46</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Bel boweth down, Nebo stoopeth, their idols were upon the beasts, and upon the cattle: your carriM
ages were heavy loaden; they are a burden to the weary beast. <span class="ver">2</span>They stoop, they bow down together; they could not deliver the burden, but themselves are gone into captivity. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Hearken unto me, O house of Jacob, and all the remnant of the house of Israel, which are borne by me from the belly, which are carried from the womb: <span class="ver">4</span>And even to your old age I am he; and even to hoar hairs will I carry you: I have made, and I will bear; evenM
I will carry, and will deliver you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>To whom will ye liken me, and make me equal, and compare me, that we may be like? <span class="ver">6</span>They lavish gold out of the bag, and weigh silver in the balance, and hire a goldsmith; and he maketh it a god: they fall down, yea, they worship. <span class="ver">7</span>They bear him upon the shoulder, they carry him, and set him in his place, and he standeth; from his place shall he not remove: yea, one shall cry unto him, yet can hM
e not answer, nor save him out of his trouble. <span class="ver">8</span>Remember this, and shew yourselves men: bring it again to mind, O ye transgressors. <span class="ver">9</span>Remember the former things of old: for I am God, and there is none else; I am God, and there is none like me, <span class="ver">10</span>Declaring the end from the beginning, and from ancient times the things that are not yet done, saying, My counsel shall stand, and I will do all my pleasure: <span class="ver">11</span>Calling a ravenM
ous bird from the east, the man that executeth my counsel from a far country: yea, I have spoken it, I will also bring it to pass; I have purposed it, I will also do it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Hearken unto me, ye stouthearted, that are far from righteousness: <span class="ver">13</span>I bring near my righteousness; it shall not be far off, and my salvation shall not tarry: and I will place salvation in Zion for Israel my glory.
<h2 id="c47">Chapter 47</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Come downM
, and sit in the dust, O virgin daughter of Babylon, sit on the ground: there is no throne, O daughter of the Chaldeans: for thou shalt no more be called tender and delicate. <span class="ver">2</span>Take the millstones, and grind meal: uncover thy locks, make bare the leg, uncover the thigh, pass over the rivers. <span class="ver">3</span>Thy nakedness shall be uncovered, yea, thy shame shall be seen: I will take vengeance, and I will not meet thee as a man. <span class="ver">4</span>As for our redeemer, the LORDM
of hosts is his name, the Holy One of Israel. <span class="ver">5</span>Sit thou silent, and get thee into darkness, O daughter of the Chaldeans: for thou shalt no more be called, The lady of kingdoms. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>I was wroth with my people, I have polluted mine inheritance, and given them into thine hand: thou didst shew them no mercy; upon the ancient hast thou very heavily laid thy yoke. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And thou saidst, I shall be a lady for ever: so that thou didst nM
ot lay these things to thy heart, neither didst remember the latter end of it. <span class="ver">8</span>Therefore hear now this, thou that art given to pleasures, that dwellest carelessly, that sayest in thine heart, I am, and none else beside me; I shall not sit as a widow, neither shall I know the loss of children: <span class="ver">9</span>But these two things shall come to thee in a moment in one day, the loss of children, and widowhood: they shall come upon thee in their perfection for the multitude of thy soM
rceries, and for the great abundance of thine enchantments. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>For thou hast trusted in thy wickedness: thou hast said, None seeth me. Thy wisdom and thy knowledge, it hath perverted thee; and thou hast said in thine heart, I am, and none else beside me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Therefore shall evil come upon thee; thou shalt not know from whence it riseth: and mischief shall fall upon thee; thou shalt not be able to put it off: and desolation shall come upon thee suddeM
nly, which thou shalt not know. <span class="ver">12</span>Stand now with thine enchantments, and with the multitude of thy sorceries, wherein thou hast laboured from thy youth; if so be thou shalt be able to profit, if so be thou mayest prevail. <span class="ver">13</span>Thou art wearied in the multitude of thy counsels. Let now the astrologers, the stargazers, the monthly prognosticators, stand up, and save thee from these things that shall come upon thee. <span class="ver">14</span>Behold, they shall be as stubM
ble; the fire shall burn them; they shall not deliver themselves from the power of the flame: there shall not be a coal to warm at, nor fire to sit before it. <span class="ver">15</span>Thus shall they be unto thee with whom thou hast laboured, even thy merchants, from thy youth: they shall wander every one to his quarter; none shall save thee.
<h2 id="c48">Chapter 48</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Hear ye this, O house of Jacob, which are called by the name of Israel, and are come forth out of the waters M
of Judah, which swear by the name of the LORD, and make mention of the God of Israel, but not in truth, nor in righteousness. <span class="ver">2</span>For they call themselves of the holy city, and stay themselves upon the God of Israel; The LORD of hosts is his name. <span class="ver">3</span>I have declared the former things from the beginning; and they went forth out of my mouth, and I shewed them; I did them suddenly, and they came to pass. <span class="ver">4</span>Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and M
thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy brow brass; <span class="ver">5</span>I have even from the beginning declared it to thee; before it came to pass I shewed it thee: lest thou shouldest say, Mine idol hath done them, and my graven image, and my molten image, hath commanded them. <span class="ver">6</span>Thou hast heard, see all this; and will not ye declare it? I have shewed thee new things from this time, even hidden things, and thou didst not know them. <span class="ver">7</span>They are created now, and not froM
m the beginning; even before the day when thou heardest them not; lest thou shouldest say, Behold, I knew them. <span class="ver">8</span>Yea, thou heardest not; yea, thou knewest not; yea, from that time that thine ear was not opened: for I knew that thou wouldest deal very treacherously, and wast called a transgressor from the womb. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>For my name
s sake will I defer mine anger, and for my praise will I refrain for thee, that I cut thee not off. <span class="ver">10</span>BeholdM
, I have refined thee, but not with silver; I have chosen thee in the furnace of affliction. <span class="ver">11</span>For mine own sake, even for mine own sake, will I do it: for how should my name be polluted? and I will not give my glory unto another. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Hearken unto me, O Jacob and Israel, my called; I am he; I am the first, I also am the last. <span class="ver">13</span>Mine hand also hath laid the foundation of the earth, and my right hand hath spanned the heavens: when I caM
ll unto them, they stand up together. <span class="ver">14</span>All ye, assemble yourselves, and hear; which among them hath declared these things? The LORD hath loved him: he will do his pleasure on Babylon, and his arm shall be on the Chaldeans. <span class="ver">15</span>I, even I, have spoken; yea, I have called him: I have brought him, and he shall make his way prosperous. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Come ye near unto me, hear ye this; I have not spoken in secret from the beginning; from the time thaM
t it was, there am I: and now the Lord GOD, and his Spirit, hath sent me. <span class="ver">17</span>Thus saith the LORD, thy Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel; I am the LORD thy God which teacheth thee to profit, which leadeth thee by the way that thou shouldest go. <span class="ver">18</span>O that thou hadst hearkened to my commandments! then had thy peace been as a river, and thy righteousness as the waves of the sea: <span class="ver">19</span>Thy seed also had been as the sand, and the offspring of thy bowels M
like the gravel thereof; his name should not have been cut off nor destroyed from before me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Go ye forth of Babylon, flee ye from the Chaldeans, with a voice of singing declare ye, tell this, utter it even to the end of the earth; say ye, The LORD hath redeemed his servant Jacob. <span class="ver">21</span>And they thirsted not when he led them through the deserts: he caused the waters to flow out of the rock for them: he clave the rock also, and the waters gushed out. <span claM
ss="ver">22</span>There is no peace, saith the LORD, unto the wicked.
<h2 id="c49">Chapter 49</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Listen, O isles, unto me; and hearken, ye people, from far; The LORD hath called me from the womb; from the bowels of my mother hath he made mention of my name. <span class="ver">2</span>And he hath made my mouth like a sharp sword; in the shadow of his hand hath he hid me, and made me a polished shaft; in his quiver hath he hid me; <span class="ver">3</span>And said unto me, Thou arM
t my servant, O Israel, in whom I will be glorified. <span class="ver">4</span>Then I said, I have laboured in vain, I have spent my strength for nought, and in vain: yet surely my judgment is with the LORD, and my work with my God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And now, saith the LORD that formed me from the womb to be his servant, to bring Jacob again to him, Though Israel be not gathered, yet shall I be glorious in the eyes of the LORD, and my God shall be my strength. <span class="ver">6</span>And he saidM
, It is a light thing that thou shouldest be my servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob, and to restore the preserved of Israel: I will also give thee for a light to the Gentiles, that thou mayest be my salvation unto the end of the earth. <span class="ver">7</span>Thus saith the LORD, the Redeemer of Israel, and his Holy One, to him whom man despiseth, to him whom the nation abhorreth, to a servant of rulers, Kings shall see and arise, princes also shall worship, because of the LORD that is faithful, and the Holy M
One of Israel, and he shall choose thee. <span class="ver">8</span>Thus saith the LORD, In an acceptable time have I heard thee, and in a day of salvation have I helped thee: and I will preserve thee, and give thee for a covenant of the people, to establish the earth, to cause to inherit the desolate heritages; <span class="ver">9</span>That thou mayest say to the prisoners, Go forth; to them that are in darkness, Shew yourselves. They shall feed in the ways, and their pastures shall be in all high places. <span clM
ass="ver">10</span>They shall not hunger nor thirst; neither shall the heat nor sun smite them: for he that hath mercy on them shall lead them, even by the springs of water shall he guide them. <span class="ver">11</span>And I will make all my mountains a way, and my highways shall be exalted. <span class="ver">12</span>Behold, these shall come from far: and, lo, these from the north and from the west; and these from the land of Sinim. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Sing, O heavens; and be joyful, O earth; anM
d break forth into singing, O mountains: for the LORD hath comforted his people, and will have mercy upon his afflicted. <span class="ver">14</span>But Zion said, The LORD hath forsaken me, and my Lord hath forgotten me. <span class="ver">15</span>Can a woman forget her sucking child, that she should not have compassion on the son of her womb? yea, they may forget, yet will I not forget thee. <span class="ver">16</span>Behold, I have graven thee upon the palms of my hands; thy walls are continually before me. <spanM
class="ver">17</span>Thy children shall make haste; thy destroyers and they that made thee waste shall go forth of thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Lift up thine eyes round about, and behold: all these gather themselves together, and come to thee. As I live, saith the LORD, thou shalt surely clothe thee with them all, as with an ornament, and bind them on thee, as a bride doeth. <span class="ver">19</span>For thy waste and thy desolate places, and the land of thy destruction, shall even now be too narrowM
by reason of the inhabitants, and they that swallowed thee up shall be far away. <span class="ver">20</span>The children which thou shalt have, after thou hast lost the other, shall say again in thine ears, The place is too strait for me: give place to me that I may dwell. <span class="ver">21</span>Then shalt thou say in thine heart, Who hath begotten me these, seeing I have lost my children, and am desolate, a captive, and removing to and fro? and who hath brought up these? Behold, I was left alone; these, whereM
had they been? <span class="ver">22</span>Thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, I will lift up mine hand to the Gentiles, and set up my standard to the people: and they shall bring thy sons in their arms, and thy daughters shall be carried upon their shoulders. <span class="ver">23</span>And kings shall be thy nursing fathers, and their queens thy nursing mothers: they shall bow down to thee with their face toward the earth, and lick up the dust of thy feet; and thou shalt know that I am the LORD: for they shall not beM
ashamed that wait for me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>Shall the prey be taken from the mighty, or the lawful captive delivered? <span class="ver">25</span>But thus saith the LORD, Even the captives of the mighty shall be taken away, and the prey of the terrible shall be delivered: for I will contend with him that contendeth with thee, and I will save thy children. <span class="ver">26</span>And I will feed them that oppress thee with their own flesh; and they shall be drunken with their own blood, as withM
sweet wine: and all flesh shall know that I the LORD am thy Saviour and thy Redeemer, the mighty One of Jacob.
<h2 id="c50">Chapter 50</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Thus saith the LORD, Where is the bill of your mother
s divorcement, whom I have put away? or which of my creditors is it to whom I have sold you? Behold, for your iniquities have ye sold yourselves, and for your transgressions is your mother put away. <span class="ver">2</span>Wherefore, when I came, was there no man? when I called, was thM
ere none to answer? Is my hand shortened at all, that it cannot redeem? or have I no power to deliver? behold, at my rebuke I dry up the sea, I make the rivers a wilderness: their fish stinketh, because there is no water, and dieth for thirst. <span class="ver">3</span>I clothe the heavens with blackness, and I make sackcloth their covering. <span class="ver">4</span>The Lord GOD hath given me the tongue of the learned, that I should know how to speak a word in season to him that is weary: he wakeneth morning by moM
rning, he wakeneth mine ear to hear as the learned. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>The Lord GOD hath opened mine ear, and I was not rebellious, neither turned away back. <span class="ver">6</span>I gave my back to the smiters, and my cheeks to them that plucked off the hair: I hid not my face from shame and spitting. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>For the Lord GOD will help me; therefore shall I not be confounded: therefore have I set my face like a flint, and I know that I shall not be ashamed. <span claM
ss="ver">8</span>He is near that justifieth me; who will contend with me? let us stand together: who is mine adversary? let him come near to me. <span class="ver">9</span>Behold, the Lord GOD will help me; who is he that shall condemn me? lo, they all shall wax old as a garment; the moth shall eat them up. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Who is among you that feareth the LORD, that obeyeth the voice of his servant, that walketh in darkness, and hath no light? let him trust in the name of the LORD, and stay upoM
n his God. <span class="ver">11</span>Behold, all ye that kindle a fire, that compass yourselves about with sparks: walk in the light of your fire, and in the sparks that ye have kindled. This shall ye have of mine hand; ye shall lie down in sorrow.
<h2 id="c51">Chapter 51</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Hearken to me, ye that follow after righteousness, ye that seek the LORD: look unto the rock whence ye are hewn, and to the hole of the pit whence ye are digged. <span class="ver">2</span>Look unto Abraham M
your father, and unto Sarah that bare you: for I called him alone, and blessed him, and increased him. <span class="ver">3</span>For the LORD shall comfort Zion: he will comfort all her waste places; and he will make her wilderness like Eden, and her desert like the garden of the LORD; joy and gladness shall be found therein, thanksgiving, and the voice of melody. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Hearken unto me, my people; and give ear unto me, O my nation: for a law shall proceed from me, and I will make my juM
dgment to rest for a light of the people. <span class="ver">5</span>My righteousness is near; my salvation is gone forth, and mine arms shall judge the people; the isles shall wait upon me, and on mine arm shall they trust. <span class="ver">6</span>Lift up your eyes to the heavens, and look upon the earth beneath: for the heavens shall vanish away like smoke, and the earth shall wax old like a garment, and they that dwell therein shall die in like manner: but my salvation shall be for ever, and my righteousness shM
all not be abolished. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Hearken unto me, ye that know righteousness, the people in whose heart is my law; fear ye not the reproach of men, neither be ye afraid of their revilings. <span class="ver">8</span>For the moth shall eat them up like a garment, and the worm shall eat them like wool: but my righteousness shall be for ever, and my salvation from generation to generation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Awake, awake, put on strength, O arm of the LORD; awake, as in the ancM
ient days, in the generations of old. Art thou not it that hath cut Rahab, and wounded the dragon? <span class="ver">10</span>Art thou not it which hath dried the sea, the waters of the great deep; that hath made the depths of the sea a way for the ransomed to pass over? <span class="ver">11</span>Therefore the redeemed of the LORD shall return, and come with singing unto Zion; and everlasting joy shall be upon their head: they shall obtain gladness and joy; and sorrow and mourning shall flee away. <span class="verM
">12</span>I, even I, am he that comforteth you: who art thou, that thou shouldest be afraid of a man that shall die, and of the son of man which shall be made as grass; <span class="ver">13</span>And forgettest the LORD thy maker, that hath stretched forth the heavens, and laid the foundations of the earth; and hast feared continually every day because of the fury of the oppressor, as if he were ready to destroy? and where is the fury of the oppressor? <span class="ver">14</span>The captive exile hasteneth that heM
may be loosed, and that he should not die in the pit, nor that his bread should fail. <span class="ver">15</span>But I am the LORD thy God, that divided the sea, whose waves roared: The LORD of hosts is his name. <span class="ver">16</span>And I have put my words in thy mouth, and I have covered thee in the shadow of mine hand, that I may plant the heavens, and lay the foundations of the earth, and say unto Zion, Thou art my people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Awake, awake, stand up, O Jerusalem, which haM
st drunk at the hand of the LORD the cup of his fury; thou hast drunken the dregs of the cup of trembling, and wrung them out. <span class="ver">18</span>There is none to guide her among all the sons whom she hath brought forth; neither is there any that taketh her by the hand of all the sons that she hath brought up. <span class="ver">19</span>These two things are come unto thee; who shall be sorry for thee? desolation, and destruction, and the famine, and the sword: by whom shall I comfort thee? <span class="ver"M
>20</span>Thy sons have fainted, they lie at the head of all the streets, as a wild bull in a net: they are full of the fury of the LORD, the rebuke of thy God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Therefore hear now this, thou afflicted, and drunken, but not with wine: <span class="ver">22</span>Thus saith thy Lord the LORD, and thy God that pleadeth the cause of his people, Behold, I have taken out of thine hand the cup of trembling, even the dregs of the cup of my fury; thou shalt no more drink it again: <span cM
lass="ver">23</span>But I will put it into the hand of them that afflict thee; which have said to thy soul, Bow down, that we may go over: and thou hast laid thy body as the ground, and as the street, to them that went over.
<h2 id="c52">Chapter 52</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Awake, awake; put on thy strength, O Zion; put on thy beautiful garments, O Jerusalem, the holy city: for henceforth there shall no more come into thee the uncircumcised and the unclean. <span class="ver">2</span>Shake thyself fromM
the dust; arise, and sit down, O Jerusalem: loose thyself from the bands of thy neck, O captive daughter of Zion. <span class="ver">3</span>For thus saith the LORD, Ye have sold yourselves for nought; and ye shall be redeemed without money. <span class="ver">4</span>For thus saith the Lord GOD, My people went down aforetime into Egypt to sojourn there; and the Assyrian oppressed them without cause. <span class="ver">5</span>Now therefore, what have I here, saith the LORD, that my people is taken away for nought? tM
hey that rule over them make them to howl, saith the LORD; and my name continually every day is blasphemed. <span class="ver">6</span>Therefore my people shall know my name: therefore they shall know in that day that I am he that doth speak: behold, it is I. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him that bringeth good tidings, that publisheth peace; that bringeth good tidings of good, that publisheth salvation; that saith unto Zion, Thy God reigneth! <span class="ver">M
8</span>Thy watchmen shall lift up the voice; with the voice together shall they sing: for they shall see eye to eye, when the LORD shall bring again Zion. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Break forth into joy, sing together, ye waste places of Jerusalem: for the LORD hath comforted his people, he hath redeemed Jerusalem. <span class="ver">10</span>The LORD hath made bare his holy arm in the eyes of all the nations; and all the ends of the earth shall see the salvation of our God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11<M
/span>Depart ye, depart ye, go ye out from thence, touch no unclean thing; go ye out of the midst of her; be ye clean, that bear the vessels of the LORD. <span class="ver">12</span>For ye shall not go out with haste, nor go by flight: for the LORD will go before you; and the God of Israel will be your rereward. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Behold, my servant shall deal prudently, he shall be exalted and extolled, and be very high. <span class="ver">14</span>As many were astonied at thee; his visage was so mM
arred more than any man, and his form more than the sons of men: <span class="ver">15</span>So shall he sprinkle many nations; the kings shall shut their mouths at him: for that which had not been told them shall they see; and that which they had not heard shall they consider.
<h2 id="c53">Chapter 53</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Who hath believed our report? and to whom is the arm of the LORD revealed? <span class="ver">2</span>For he shall grow up before him as a tender plant, and as a root out of a dryM
ground: he hath no form nor comeliness; and when we shall see him, there is no beauty that we should desire him. <span class="ver">3</span>He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and we hid as it were our faces from him; he was despised, and we esteemed him not. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted. <span class="ver">5</span>But he was wounded for our transM
gressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed. <span class="ver">6</span>All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the LORD hath laid on him the iniquity of us all. <span class="ver">7</span>He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth: he is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so he openeth not his mouth. <span class="ver">8</span>HM
e was taken from prison and from judgment: and who shall declare his generation? for he was cut off out of the land of the living: for the transgression of my people was he stricken. <span class="ver">9</span>And he made his grave with the wicked, and with the rich in his death; because he had done no violence, neither was any deceit in his mouth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Yet it pleased the LORD to bruise him; he hath put him to grief: when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see his M
seed, he shall prolong his days, and the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in his hand. <span class="ver">11</span>He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall bear their iniquities. <span class="ver">12</span>Therefore will I divide him a portion with the great, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong; because he hath poured out his soul unto death: and he was numbered with the transgressors; and he bare the sin of maM
ny, and made intercession for the transgressors.
<h2 id="c54">Chapter 54</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Sing, O barren, thou that didst not bear; break forth into singing, and cry aloud, thou that didst not travail with child: for more are the children of the desolate than the children of the married wife, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">2</span>Enlarge the place of thy tent, and let them stretch forth the curtains of thine habitations: spare not, lengthen thy cords, and strengthen thy stakes; <span clasM
s="ver">3</span>For thou shalt break forth on the right hand and on the left; and thy seed shall inherit the Gentiles, and make the desolate cities to be inhabited. <span class="ver">4</span>Fear not; for thou shalt not be ashamed: neither be thou confounded; for thou shalt not be put to shame: for thou shalt forget the shame of thy youth, and shalt not remember the reproach of thy widowhood any more. <span class="ver">5</span>For thy Maker is thine husband; the LORD of hosts is his name; and thy Redeemer the Holy M
One of Israel; The God of the whole earth shall he be called. <span class="ver">6</span>For the LORD hath called thee as a woman forsaken and grieved in spirit, and a wife of youth, when thou wast refused, saith thy God. <span class="ver">7</span>For a small moment have I forsaken thee; but with great mercies will I gather thee. <span class="ver">8</span>In a little wrath I hid my face from thee for a moment; but with everlasting kindness will I have mercy on thee, saith the LORD thy Redeemer. <span class="ver">9</M
span>For this is as the waters of Noah unto me: for as I have sworn that the waters of Noah should no more go over the earth; so have I sworn that I would not be wroth with thee, nor rebuke thee. <span class="ver">10</span>For the mountains shall depart, and the hills be removed; but my kindness shall not depart from thee, neither shall the covenant of my peace be removed, saith the LORD that hath mercy on thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>O thou afflicted, tossed with tempest, and not comforted, behold, IM
will lay thy stones with fair colours, and lay thy foundations with sapphires. <span class="ver">12</span>And I will make thy windows of agates, and thy gates of carbuncles, and all thy borders of pleasant stones. <span class="ver">13</span>And all thy children shall be taught of the LORD; and great shall be the peace of thy children. <span class="ver">14</span>In righteousness shalt thou be established: thou shalt be far from oppression; for thou shalt not fear: and from terror; for it shall not come near thee. <M
span class="ver">15</span>Behold, they shall surely gather together, but not by me: whosoever shall gather together against thee shall fall for thy sake. <span class="ver">16</span>Behold, I have created the smith that bloweth the coals in the fire, and that bringeth forth an instrument for his work; and I have created the waster to destroy. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>No weapon that is formed against thee shall prosper; and every tongue that shall rise against thee in judgment thou shalt condemn. This is M
the heritage of the servants of the LORD, and their righteousness is of me, saith the LORD.
<h2 id="c55">Chapter 55</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Ho, every one that thirsteth, come ye to the waters, and he that hath no money; come ye, buy, and eat; yea, come, buy wine and milk without money and without price. <span class="ver">2</span>Wherefore do ye spend money for that which is not bread? and your labour for that which satisfieth not? hearken diligently unto me, and eat ye that which is good, and let yoM
ur soul delight itself in fatness. <span class="ver">3</span>Incline your ear, and come unto me: hear, and your soul shall live; and I will make an everlasting covenant with you, even the sure mercies of David. <span class="ver">4</span>Behold, I have given him for a witness to the people, a leader and commander to the people. <span class="ver">5</span>Behold, thou shalt call a nation that thou knowest not, and nations that knew not thee shall run unto thee because of the LORD thy God, and for the Holy One of IsraeM
l; for he hath glorified thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Seek ye the LORD while he may be found, call ye upon him while he is near: <span class="ver">7</span>Let the wicked forsake his way, and the unrighteous man his thoughts: and let him return unto the LORD, and he will have mercy upon him; and to our God, for he will abundantly pardon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">9</span>For as the heavens aM
re higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways, and my thoughts than your thoughts. <span class="ver">10</span>For as the rain cometh down, and the snow from heaven, and returneth not thither, but watereth the earth, and maketh it bring forth and bud, that it may give seed to the sower, and bread to the eater: <span class="ver">11</span>So shall my word be that goeth forth out of my mouth: it shall not return unto me void, but it shall accomplish that which I please, and it shall prosper in the thinM
g whereto I sent it. <span class="ver">12</span>For ye shall go out with joy, and be led forth with peace: the mountains and the hills shall break forth before you into singing, and all the trees of the field shall clap their hands. <span class="ver">13</span>Instead of the thorn shall come up the fir tree, and instead of the brier shall come up the myrtle tree: and it shall be to the LORD for a name, for an everlasting sign that shall not be cut off.
<h2 id="c56">Chapter 56</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>M
Thus saith the LORD, Keep ye judgment, and do justice: for my salvation is near to come, and my righteousness to be revealed. <span class="ver">2</span>Blessed is the man that doeth this, and the son of man that layeth hold on it; that keepeth the sabbath from polluting it, and keepeth his hand from doing any evil. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Neither let the son of the stranger, that hath joined himself to the LORD, speak, saying, The LORD hath utterly separated me from his people: neither let the eunuch saM
y, Behold, I am a dry tree. <span class="ver">4</span>For thus saith the LORD unto the eunuchs that keep my sabbaths, and choose the things that please me, and take hold of my covenant; <span class="ver">5</span>Even unto them will I give in mine house and within my walls a place and a name better than of sons and of daughters: I will give them an everlasting name, that shall not be cut off. <span class="ver">6</span>Also the sons of the stranger, that join themselves to the LORD, to serve him, and to love the nameM
of the LORD, to be his servants, every one that keepeth the sabbath from polluting it, and taketh hold of my covenant; <span class="ver">7</span>Even them will I bring to my holy mountain, and make them joyful in my house of prayer: their burnt offerings and their sacrifices shall be accepted upon mine altar; for mine house shall be called an house of prayer for all people. <span class="ver">8</span>The Lord GOD which gathereth the outcasts of Israel saith, Yet will I gather others to him, beside those that are gaM
thered unto him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>All ye beasts of the field, come to devour, yea, all ye beasts in the forest. <span class="ver">10</span>His watchmen are blind: they are all ignorant, they are all dumb dogs, they cannot bark; sleeping, lying down, loving to slumber. <span class="ver">11</span>Yea, they are greedy dogs which can never have enough, and they are shepherds that cannot understand: they all look to their own way, every one for his gain, from his quarter. <span class="ver">12</span>CoM
me ye, say they, I will fetch wine, and we will fill ourselves with strong drink; and to morrow shall be as this day, and much more abundant.
<h2 id="c57">Chapter 57</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The righteous perisheth, and no man layeth it to heart: and merciful men are taken away, none considering that the righteous is taken away from the evil to come. <span class="ver">2</span>He shall enter into peace: they shall rest in their beds, each one walking in his uprightness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</M
span>But draw near hither, ye sons of the sorceress, the seed of the adulterer and the whore. <span class="ver">4</span>Against whom do ye sport yourselves? against whom make ye a wide mouth, and draw out the tongue? are ye not children of transgression, a seed of falsehood, <span class="ver">5</span>Enflaming yourselves with idols under every green tree, slaying the children in the valleys under the clifts of the rocks? <span class="ver">6</span>Among the smooth stones of the stream is thy portion; they, they are M
thy lot: even to them hast thou poured a drink offering, thou hast offered a meat offering. Should I receive comfort in these? <span class="ver">7</span>Upon a lofty and high mountain hast thou set thy bed: even thither wentest thou up to offer sacrifice. <span class="ver">8</span>Behind the doors also and the posts hast thou set up thy remembrance: for thou hast discovered thyself to another than me, and art gone up; thou hast enlarged thy bed, and made thee a covenant with them; thou lovedst their bed where thou M
sawest it. <span class="ver">9</span>And thou wentest to the king with ointment, and didst increase thy perfumes, and didst send thy messengers far off, and didst debase thyself even unto hell. <span class="ver">10</span>Thou art wearied in the greatness of thy way; yet saidst thou not, There is no hope: thou hast found the life of thine hand; therefore thou wast not grieved. <span class="ver">11</span>And of whom hast thou been afraid or feared, that thou hast lied, and hast not remembered me, nor laid it to thy hM
eart? have not I held my peace even of old, and thou fearest me not? <span class="ver">12</span>I will declare thy righteousness, and thy works; for they shall not profit thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>When thou criest, let thy companies deliver thee; but the wind shall carry them all away; vanity shall take them: but he that putteth his trust in me shall possess the land, and shall inherit my holy mountain; <span class="ver">14</span>And shall say, Cast ye up, cast ye up, prepare the way, take up the sM
tumblingblock out of the way of my people. <span class="ver">15</span>For thus saith the high and lofty One that inhabiteth eternity, whose name is Holy; I dwell in the high and holy place, with him also that is of a contrite and humble spirit, to revive the spirit of the humble, and to revive the heart of the contrite ones. <span class="ver">16</span>For I will not contend for ever, neither will I be always wroth: for the spirit should fail before me, and the souls which I have made. <span class="ver">17</span>ForM
the iniquity of his covetousness was I wroth, and smote him: I hid me, and was wroth, and he went on frowardly in the way of his heart. <span class="ver">18</span>I have seen his ways, and will heal him: I will lead him also, and restore comforts unto him and to his mourners. <span class="ver">19</span>I create the fruit of the lips; Peace, peace to him that is far off, and to him that is near, saith the LORD; and I will heal him. <span class="ver">20</span>But the wicked are like the troubled sea, when it cannot M
rest, whose waters cast up mire and dirt. <span class="ver">21</span>There is no peace, saith my God, to the wicked.
<h2 id="c58">Chapter 58</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Cry aloud, spare not, lift up thy voice like a trumpet, and shew my people their transgression, and the house of Jacob their sins. <span class="ver">2</span>Yet they seek me daily, and delight to know my ways, as a nation that did righteousness, and forsook not the ordinance of their God: they ask of me the ordinances of justice; they taM
ke delight in approaching to God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Wherefore have we fasted, say they, and thou seest not? wherefore have we afflicted our soul, and thou takest no knowledge? Behold, in the day of your fast ye find pleasure, and exact all your labours. <span class="ver">4</span>Behold, ye fast for strife and debate, and to smite with the fist of wickedness: ye shall not fast as ye do this day, to make your voice to be heard on high. <span class="ver">5</span>Is it such a fast that I have chosen? M
a day for a man to afflict his soul? is it to bow down his head as a bulrush, and to spread sackcloth and ashes under him? wilt thou call this a fast, and an acceptable day to the LORD? <span class="ver">6</span>Is not this the fast that I have chosen? to loose the bands of wickedness, to undo the heavy burdens, and to let the oppressed go free, and that ye break every yoke? <span class="ver">7</span>Is it not to deal thy bread to the hungry, and that thou bring the poor that are cast out to thy house? when thou seM
est the naked, that thou cover him; and that thou hide not thyself from thine own flesh? </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Then shall thy light break forth as the morning, and thine health shall spring forth speedily: and thy righteousness shall go before thee; the glory of the LORD shall be thy rereward. <span class="ver">9</span>Then shalt thou call, and the LORD shall answer; thou shalt cry, and he shall say, Here I am. If thou take away from the midst of thee the yoke, the putting forth of the finger, and speM
aking vanity; <span class="ver">10</span>And if thou draw out thy soul to the hungry, and satisfy the afflicted soul; then shall thy light rise in obscurity, and thy darkness be as the noonday: <span class="ver">11</span>And the LORD shall guide thee continually, and satisfy thy soul in drought, and make fat thy bones: and thou shalt be like a watered garden, and like a spring of water, whose waters fail not. <span class="ver">12</span>And they that shall be of thee shall build the old waste places: thou shalt raisM
e up the foundations of many generations; and thou shalt be called, The repairer of the breach, The restorer of paths to dwell in. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>If thou turn away thy foot from the sabbath, from doing thy pleasure on my holy day; and call the sabbath a delight, the holy of the LORD, honourable; and shalt honour him, not doing thine own ways, nor finding thine own pleasure, nor speaking thine own words: <span class="ver">14</span>Then shalt thou delight thyself in the LORD; and I will cause thM
ee to ride upon the high places of the earth, and feed thee with the heritage of Jacob thy father: for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken it.
<h2 id="c59">Chapter 59</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Behold, the LORD
s hand is not shortened, that it cannot save; neither his ear heavy, that it cannot hear: <span class="ver">2</span>But your iniquities have separated between you and your God, and your sins have hid his face from you, that he will not hear. <span class="ver">3</span>For your hands are defiled wM
ith blood, and your fingers with iniquity; your lips have spoken lies, your tongue hath muttered perverseness. <span class="ver">4</span>None calleth for justice, nor any pleadeth for truth: they trust in vanity, and speak lies; they conceive mischief, and bring forth iniquity. <span class="ver">5</span>They hatch cockatrice
eggs, and weave the spider
s web: he that eateth of their eggs dieth, and that which is crushed breaketh out into a viper. <span class="ver">6</span>Their webs shall not become garments, nM
either shall they cover themselves with their works: their works are works of iniquity, and the act of violence is in their hands. <span class="ver">7</span>Their feet run to evil, and they make haste to shed innocent blood: their thoughts are thoughts of iniquity; wasting and destruction are in their paths. <span class="ver">8</span>The way of peace they know not; and there is no judgment in their goings: they have made them crooked paths: whosoever goeth therein shall not know peace. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9M
</span>Therefore is judgment far from us, neither doth justice overtake us: we wait for light, but behold obscurity; for brightness, but we walk in darkness. <span class="ver">10</span>We grope for the wall like the blind, and we grope as if we had no eyes: we stumble at noonday as in the night; we are in desolate places as dead men. <span class="ver">11</span>We roar all like bears, and mourn sore like doves: we look for judgment, but there is none; for salvation, but it is far off from us. <span class="ver">12</sM
pan>For our transgressions are multiplied before thee, and our sins testify against us: for our transgressions are with us; and as for our iniquities, we know them; <span class="ver">13</span>In transgressing and lying against the LORD, and departing away from our God, speaking oppression and revolt, conceiving and uttering from the heart words of falsehood. <span class="ver">14</span>And judgment is turned away backward, and justice standeth afar off: for truth is fallen in the street, and equity cannot enter. <spM
an class="ver">15</span>Yea, truth faileth; and he that departeth from evil maketh himself a prey: and the LORD saw it, and it displeased him that there was no judgment. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And he saw that there was no man, and wondered that there was no intercessor: therefore his arm brought salvation unto him; and his righteousness, it sustained him. <span class="ver">17</span>For he put on righteousness as a breastplate, and an helmet of salvation upon his head; and he put on the garments of venM
geance for clothing, and was clad with zeal as a cloke. <span class="ver">18</span>According to their deeds, accordingly he will repay, fury to his adversaries, recompence to his enemies; to the islands he will repay recompence. <span class="ver">19</span>So shall they fear the name of the LORD from the west, and his glory from the rising of the sun. When the enemy shall come in like a flood, the Spirit of the LORD shall lift up a standard against him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And the Redeemer shall comM
e to Zion, and unto them that turn from transgression in Jacob, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">21</span>As for me, this is my covenant with them, saith the LORD; My spirit that is upon thee, and my words which I have put in thy mouth, shall not depart out of thy mouth, nor out of the mouth of thy seed, nor out of the mouth of thy seed
s seed, saith the LORD, from henceforth and for ever.
<h2 id="c60">Chapter 60</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Arise, shine; for thy light is come, and the glory of the LOM
RD is risen upon thee. <span class="ver">2</span>For, behold, the darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the people: but the LORD shall arise upon thee, and his glory shall be seen upon thee. <span class="ver">3</span>And the Gentiles shall come to thy light, and kings to the brightness of thy rising. <span class="ver">4</span>Lift up thine eyes round about, and see: all they gather themselves together, they come to thee: thy sons shall come from far, and thy daughters shall be nursed at thy side. <spanM
class="ver">5</span>Then thou shalt see, and flow together, and thine heart shall fear, and be enlarged; because the abundance of the sea shall be converted unto thee, the forces of the Gentiles shall come unto thee. <span class="ver">6</span>The multitude of camels shall cover thee, the dromedaries of Midian and Ephah; all they from Sheba shall come: they shall bring gold and incense; and they shall shew forth the praises of the LORD. <span class="ver">7</span>All the flocks of Kedar shall be gathered together unM
to thee, the rams of Nebaioth shall minister unto thee: they shall come up with acceptance on mine altar, and I will glorify the house of my glory. <span class="ver">8</span>Who are these that fly as a cloud, and as the doves to their windows? <span class="ver">9</span>Surely the isles shall wait for me, and the ships of Tarshish first, to bring thy sons from far, their silver and their gold with them, unto the name of the LORD thy God, and to the Holy One of Israel, because he hath glorified thee. <span class="verM
">10</span>And the sons of strangers shall build up thy walls, and their kings shall minister unto thee: for in my wrath I smote thee, but in my favour have I had mercy on thee. <span class="ver">11</span>Therefore thy gates shall be open continually; they shall not be shut day nor night; that men may bring unto thee the forces of the Gentiles, and that their kings may be brought. <span class="ver">12</span>For the nation and kingdom that will not serve thee shall perish; yea, those nations shall be utterly wasted.M
<span class="ver">13</span>The glory of Lebanon shall come unto thee, the fir tree, the pine tree, and the box together, to beautify the place of my sanctuary; and I will make the place of my feet glorious. <span class="ver">14</span>The sons also of them that afflicted thee shall come bending unto thee; and all they that despised thee shall bow themselves down at the soles of thy feet; and they shall call thee, The city of the LORD, The Zion of the Holy One of Israel. <span class="ver">15</span>Whereas thou hast M
been forsaken and hated, so that no man went through thee, I will make thee an eternal excellency, a joy of many generations. <span class="ver">16</span>Thou shalt also suck the milk of the Gentiles, and shalt suck the breast of kings: and thou shalt know that I the LORD am thy Saviour and thy Redeemer, the mighty One of Jacob. <span class="ver">17</span>For brass I will bring gold, and for iron I will bring silver, and for wood brass, and for stones iron: I will also make thy officers peace, and thine exactors rigM
hteousness. <span class="ver">18</span>Violence shall no more be heard in thy land, wasting nor destruction within thy borders; but thou shalt call thy walls Salvation, and thy gates Praise. <span class="ver">19</span>The sun shall be no more thy light by day; neither for brightness shall the moon give light unto thee: but the LORD shall be unto thee an everlasting light, and thy God thy glory. <span class="ver">20</span>Thy sun shall no more go down; neither shall thy moon withdraw itself: for the LORD shall be thM
ine everlasting light, and the days of thy mourning shall be ended. <span class="ver">21</span>Thy people also shall be all righteous: they shall inherit the land for ever, the branch of my planting, the work of my hands, that I may be glorified. <span class="ver">22</span>A little one shall become a thousand, and a small one a strong nation: I the LORD will hasten it in his time.
<h2 id="c61">Chapter 61</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me; because the LORD hath anointed meM
to preach good tidings unto the meek; he hath sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to them that are bound; <span class="ver">2</span>To proclaim the acceptable year of the LORD, and the day of vengeance of our God; to comfort all that mourn; <span class="ver">3</span>To appoint unto them that mourn in Zion, to give unto them beauty for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, the garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness; that they might be called M
trees of righteousness, the planting of the LORD, that he might be glorified. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And they shall build the old wastes, they shall raise up the former desolations, and they shall repair the waste cities, the desolations of many generations. <span class="ver">5</span>And strangers shall stand and feed your flocks, and the sons of the alien shall be your plowmen and your vinedressers. <span class="ver">6</span>But ye shall be named the Priests of the LORD: men shall call you the MinisteM
rs of our God: ye shall eat the riches of the Gentiles, and in their glory shall ye boast yourselves. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>For your shame ye shall have double; and for confusion they shall rejoice in their portion: therefore in their land they shall possess the double: everlasting joy shall be unto them. <span class="ver">8</span>For I the LORD love judgment, I hate robbery for burnt offering; and I will direct their work in truth, and I will make an everlasting covenant with them. <span class="ver">M
9</span>And their seed shall be known among the Gentiles, and their offspring among the people: all that see them shall acknowledge them, that they are the seed which the LORD hath blessed. <span class="ver">10</span>I will greatly rejoice in the LORD, my soul shall be joyful in my God; for he hath clothed me with the garments of salvation, he hath covered me with the robe of righteousness, as a bridegroom decketh himself with ornaments, and as a bride adorneth herself with her jewels. <span class="ver">11</span>FoM
r as the earth bringeth forth her bud, and as the garden causeth the things that are sown in it to spring forth; so the Lord GOD will cause righteousness and praise to spring forth before all the nations.
<h2 id="c62">Chapter 62</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>For Zion
s sake will I not hold my peace, and for Jerusalem
s sake I will not rest, until the righteousness thereof go forth as brightness, and the salvation thereof as a lamp that burneth. <span class="ver">2</span>And the Gentiles shall see thy M
righteousness, and all kings thy glory: and thou shalt be called by a new name, which the mouth of the LORD shall name. <span class="ver">3</span>Thou shalt also be a crown of glory in the hand of the LORD, and a royal diadem in the hand of thy God. <span class="ver">4</span>Thou shalt no more be termed Forsaken; neither shall thy land any more be termed Desolate: but thou shalt be called Hephzi-bah, and thy land Beulah: for the LORD delighteth in thee, and thy land shall be married. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</M
span>For as a young man marrieth a virgin, so shall thy sons marry thee: and as the bridegroom rejoiceth over the bride, so shall thy God rejoice over thee. <span class="ver">6</span>I have set watchmen upon thy walls, O Jerusalem, which shall never hold their peace day nor night: ye that make mention of the LORD, keep not silence, <span class="ver">7</span>And give him no rest, till he establish, and till he make Jerusalem a praise in the earth. <span class="ver">8</span>The LORD hath sworn by his right hand, and M
by the arm of his strength, Surely I will no more give thy corn to be meat for thine enemies; and the sons of the stranger shall not drink thy wine, for the which thou hast laboured: <span class="ver">9</span>But they that have gathered it shall eat it, and praise the LORD; and they that have brought it together shall drink it in the courts of my holiness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Go through, go through the gates; prepare ye the way of the people; cast up, cast up the highway; gather out the stones; lifM
t up a standard for the people. <span class="ver">11</span>Behold, the LORD hath proclaimed unto the end of the world, Say ye to the daughter of Zion, Behold, thy salvation cometh; behold, his reward is with him, and his work before him. <span class="ver">12</span>And they shall call them, The holy people, The redeemed of the LORD: and thou shalt be called, Sought out, A city not forsaken.
<h2 id="c63">Chapter 63</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Who is this that cometh from Edom, with dyed garments from BozrM
ah? this that is glorious in his apparel, travelling in the greatness of his strength? I that speak in righteousness, mighty to save. <span class="ver">2</span>Wherefore art thou red in thine apparel, and thy garments like him that treadeth in the winefat? <span class="ver">3</span>I have trodden the winepress alone; and of the people there was none with me: for I will tread them in mine anger, and trample them in my fury; and their blood shall be sprinkled upon my garments, and I will stain all my raiment. <span cM
lass="ver">4</span>For the day of vengeance is in mine heart, and the year of my redeemed is come. <span class="ver">5</span>And I looked, and there was none to help; and I wondered that there was none to uphold: therefore mine own arm brought salvation unto me; and my fury, it upheld me. <span class="ver">6</span>And I will tread down the people in mine anger, and make them drunk in my fury, and I will bring down their strength to the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>I will mention the lovingkindnesses oM
f the LORD, and the praises of the LORD, according to all that the LORD hath bestowed on us, and the great goodness toward the house of Israel, which he hath bestowed on them according to his mercies, and according to the multitude of his lovingkindnesses. <span class="ver">8</span>For he said, Surely they are my people, children that will not lie: so he was their Saviour. <span class="ver">9</span>In all their affliction he was afflicted, and the angel of his presence saved them: in his love and in his pity he redM
eemed them; and he bare them, and carried them all the days of old. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>But they rebelled, and vexed his holy Spirit: therefore he was turned to be their enemy, and he fought against them. <span class="ver">11</span>Then he remembered the days of old, Moses, and his people, saying, Where is he that brought them up out of the sea with the shepherd of his flock? where is he that put his holy Spirit within him? <span class="ver">12</span>That led them by the right hand of Moses with hiM
s glorious arm, dividing the water before them, to make himself an everlasting name? <span class="ver">13</span>That led them through the deep, as an horse in the wilderness, that they should not stumble? <span class="ver">14</span>As a beast goeth down into the valley, the Spirit of the LORD caused him to rest: so didst thou lead thy people, to make thyself a glorious name. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Look down from heaven, and behold from the habitation of thy holiness and of thy glory: where is thy zealM
and thy strength, the sounding of thy bowels and of thy mercies toward me? are they restrained? <span class="ver">16</span>Doubtless thou art our father, though Abraham be ignorant of us, and Israel acknowledge us not: thou, O LORD, art our father, our redeemer; thy name is from everlasting. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>O LORD, why hast thou made us to err from thy ways, and hardened our heart from thy fear? Return for thy servants
sake, the tribes of thine inheritance. <span class="ver">18</span>The peM
ople of thy holiness have possessed it but a little while: our adversaries have trodden down thy sanctuary. <span class="ver">19</span>We are thine: thou never barest rule over them; they were not called by thy name.
<h2 id="c64">Chapter 64</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Oh that thou wouldest rend the heavens, that thou wouldest come down, that the mountains might flow down at thy presence, <span class="ver">2</span>As when the melting fire burneth, the fire causeth the waters to boil, to make thy name knoM
wn to thine adversaries, that the nations may tremble at thy presence! <span class="ver">3</span>When thou didst terrible things which we looked not for, thou camest down, the mountains flowed down at thy presence. <span class="ver">4</span>For since the beginning of the world men have not heard, nor perceived by the ear, neither hath the eye seen, O God, beside thee, what he hath prepared for him that waiteth for him. <span class="ver">5</span>Thou meetest him that rejoiceth and worketh righteousness, those that rM
emember thee in thy ways: behold, thou art wroth; for we have sinned: in those is continuance, and we shall be saved. <span class="ver">6</span>But we are all as an unclean thing, and all our righteousnesses are as filthy rags; and we all do fade as a leaf; and our iniquities, like the wind, have taken us away. <span class="ver">7</span>And there is none that calleth upon thy name, that stirreth up himself to take hold of thee: for thou hast hid thy face from us, and hast consumed us, because of our iniquities. <spM
an class="ver">8</span>But now, O LORD, thou art our father; we are the clay, and thou our potter; and we all are the work of thy hand. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Be not wroth very sore, O LORD, neither remember iniquity for ever: behold, see, we beseech thee, we are all thy people. <span class="ver">10</span>Thy holy cities are a wilderness, Zion is a wilderness, Jerusalem a desolation. <span class="ver">11</span>Our holy and our beautiful house, where our fathers praised thee, is burned up with fire: andM
all our pleasant things are laid waste. <span class="ver">12</span>Wilt thou refrain thyself for these things, O LORD? wilt thou hold thy peace, and afflict us very sore?
<h2 id="c65">Chapter 65</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>I am sought of them that asked not for me; I am found of them that sought me not: I said, Behold me, behold me, unto a nation that was not called by my name. <span class="ver">2</span>I have spread out my hands all the day unto a rebellious people, which walketh in a way that was notM
good, after their own thoughts; <span class="ver">3</span>A people that provoketh me to anger continually to my face; that sacrificeth in gardens, and burneth incense upon altars of brick; <span class="ver">4</span>Which remain among the graves, and lodge in the monuments, which eat swine
s flesh, and broth of abominable things is in their vessels; <span class="ver">5</span>Which say, Stand by thyself, come not near to me; for I am holier than thou. These are a smoke in my nose, a fire that burneth all the day. M
<span class="ver">6</span>Behold, it is written before me: I will not keep silence, but will recompense, even recompense into their bosom, <span class="ver">7</span>Your iniquities, and the iniquities of your fathers together, saith the LORD, which have burned incense upon the mountains, and blasphemed me upon the hills: therefore will I measure their former work into their bosom. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Thus saith the LORD, As the new wine is found in the cluster, and one saith, Destroy it not; for a bM
lessing is in it: so will I do for my servants
sakes, that I may not destroy them all. <span class="ver">9</span>And I will bring forth a seed out of Jacob, and out of Judah an inheritor of my mountains: and mine elect shall inherit it, and my servants shall dwell there. <span class="ver">10</span>And Sharon shall be a fold of flocks, and the valley of Achor a place for the herds to lie down in, for my people that have sought me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>But ye are they that forsake the LORD, that foM
rget my holy mountain, that prepare a table for that troop, and that furnish the drink offering unto that number. <span class="ver">12</span>Therefore will I number you to the sword, and ye shall all bow down to the slaughter: because when I called, ye did not answer; when I spake, ye did not hear; but did evil before mine eyes, and did choose that wherein I delighted not. <span class="ver">13</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, my servants shall eat, but ye shall be hungry: behold, my servants shall dM
rink, but ye shall be thirsty: behold, my servants shall rejoice, but ye shall be ashamed: <span class="ver">14</span>Behold, my servants shall sing for joy of heart, but ye shall cry for sorrow of heart, and shall howl for vexation of spirit. <span class="ver">15</span>And ye shall leave your name for a curse unto my chosen: for the Lord GOD shall slay thee, and call his servants by another name: <span class="ver">16</span>That he who blesseth himself in the earth shall bless himself in the God of truth; and he thM
at sweareth in the earth shall swear by the God of truth; because the former troubles are forgotten, and because they are hid from mine eyes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>For, behold, I create new heavens and a new earth: and the former shall not be remembered, nor come into mind. <span class="ver">18</span>But be ye glad and rejoice for ever in that which I create: for, behold, I create Jerusalem a rejoicing, and her people a joy. <span class="ver">19</span>And I will rejoice in Jerusalem, and joy in my peM
ople: and the voice of weeping shall be no more heard in her, nor the voice of crying. <span class="ver">20</span>There shall be no more thence an infant of days, nor an old man that hath not filled his days: for the child shall die an hundred years old; but the sinner being an hundred years old shall be accursed. <span class="ver">21</span>And they shall build houses, and inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, and eat the fruit of them. <span class="ver">22</span>They shall not build, and another inhabit; tM
hey shall not plant, and another eat: for as the days of a tree are the days of my people, and mine elect shall long enjoy the work of their hands. <span class="ver">23</span>They shall not labour in vain, nor bring forth for trouble; for they are the seed of the blessed of the LORD, and their offspring with them. <span class="ver">24</span>And it shall come to pass, that before they call, I will answer; and while they are yet speaking, I will hear. <span class="ver">25</span>The wolf and the lamb shall feed togethM
er, and the lion shall eat straw like the bullock: and dust shall be the serpent
s meat. They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain, saith the LORD.
<h2 id="c66">Chapter 66</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Thus saith the LORD, The heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool: where is the house that ye build unto me? and where is the place of my rest? <span class="ver">2</span>For all those things hath mine hand made, and all those things have been, saith the LORD: but to this man will IM
look, even to him that is poor and of a contrite spirit, and trembleth at my word. <span class="ver">3</span>He that killeth an ox is as if he slew a man; he that sacrificeth a lamb, as if he cut off a dog
s neck; he that offereth an oblation, as if he offered swine
s blood; he that burneth incense, as if he blessed an idol. Yea, they have chosen their own ways, and their soul delighteth in their abominations. <span class="ver">4</span>I also will choose their delusions, and will bring their fears upon them; bM
ecause when I called, none did answer; when I spake, they did not hear: but they did evil before mine eyes, and chose that in which I delighted not. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Hear the word of the LORD, ye that tremble at his word; Your brethren that hated you, that cast you out for my name
s sake, said, Let the LORD be glorified: but he shall appear to your joy, and they shall be ashamed. <span class="ver">6</span>A voice of noise from the city, a voice from the temple, a voice of the LORD that renderetM
h recompence to his enemies. <span class="ver">7</span>Before she travailed, she brought forth; before her pain came, she was delivered of a man child. <span class="ver">8</span>Who hath heard such a thing? who hath seen such things? Shall the earth be made to bring forth in one day? or shall a nation be born at once? for as soon as Zion travailed, she brought forth her children. <span class="ver">9</span>Shall I bring to the birth, and not cause to bring forth? saith the LORD: shall I cause to bring forth, and shuM
t the womb? saith thy God. <span class="ver">10</span>Rejoice ye with Jerusalem, and be glad with her, all ye that love her: rejoice for joy with her, all ye that mourn for her: <span class="ver">11</span>That ye may suck, and be satisfied with the breasts of her consolations; that ye may milk out, and be delighted with the abundance of her glory. <span class="ver">12</span>For thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will extend peace to her like a river, and the glory of the Gentiles like a flowing stream: then shall ye suM
ck, ye shall be borne upon her sides, and be dandled upon her knees. <span class="ver">13</span>As one whom his mother comforteth, so will I comfort you; and ye shall be comforted in Jerusalem. <span class="ver">14</span>And when ye see this, your heart shall rejoice, and your bones shall flourish like an herb: and the hand of the LORD shall be known toward his servants, and his indignation toward his enemies. <span class="ver">15</span>For, behold, the LORD will come with fire, and with his chariots like a whirlwiM
nd, to render his anger with fury, and his rebuke with flames of fire. <span class="ver">16</span>For by fire and by his sword will the LORD plead with all flesh: and the slain of the LORD shall be many. <span class="ver">17</span>They that sanctify themselves, and purify themselves in the gardens behind one tree in the midst, eating swine
s flesh, and the abomination, and the mouse, shall be consumed together, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">18</span>For I know their works and their thoughts: it shall come, thM
at I will gather all nations and tongues; and they shall come, and see my glory. <span class="ver">19</span>And I will set a sign among them, and I will send those that escape of them unto the nations, to Tarshish, Pul, and Lud, that draw the bow, to Tubal, and Javan, to the isles afar off, that have not heard my fame, neither have seen my glory; and they shall declare my glory among the Gentiles. <span class="ver">20</span>And they shall bring all your brethren for an offering unto the LORD out of all nations uponM
horses, and in chariots, and in litters, and upon mules, and upon swift beasts, to my holy mountain Jerusalem, saith the LORD, as the children of Israel bring an offering in a clean vessel into the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">21</span>And I will also take of them for priests and for Levites, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">22</span>For as the new heavens and the new earth, which I will make, shall remain before me, saith the LORD, so shall your seed and your name remain. <span class="ver">23</span>And iM
t shall come to pass, that from one new moon to another, and from one sabbath to another, shall all flesh come to worship before me, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">24</span>And they shall go forth, and look upon the carcases of the men that have transgressed against me: for their worm shall not die, neither shall their fire be quenched; and they shall be an abhorring unto all flesh. </p>
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<title>LEVITICUS</title>
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<span>THE THIRD BOOK OF MOSES, CALLED</span>
<div class="content-table">
<h2>Contents</h2>
<a href="#c1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="#c10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="#c11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="#c12">12</a></li>
<li><a href="#c13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="#c14">14</a></li>
<li><a href="#c15">15</a></li>
i><a href="#c16">16</a></li>
<li><a href="#c17">17</a></li>
<li><a href="#c18">18</a></li>
<li><a href="#c19">19</a></li>
<li><a href="#c20">20</a></li>
<li><a href="#c21">21</a></li>
<li><a href="#c22">22</a></li>
<li><a href="#c23">23</a></li>
<li><a href="#c24">24</a></li>
<li><a href="#c25">25</a></li>
<li><a href="#c26">26</a></li>
<li><a href="#c27">27</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD M
called unto Moses, and spake unto him out of the tabernacle of the congregation, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, If any man of you bring an offering unto the LORD, ye shall bring your offering of the cattle, even of the herd, and of the flock. <span class="ver">3</span>If his offering be a burnt sacrifice of the herd, let him offer a male without blemish: he shall offer it of his own voluntary will at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation before the LM
ORD. <span class="ver">4</span>And he shall put his hand upon the head of the burnt offering; and it shall be accepted for him to make atonement for him. <span class="ver">5</span>And he shall kill the bullock before the LORD: and the priests, Aaron
s sons, shall bring the blood, and sprinkle the blood round about upon the altar that is by the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. <span class="ver">6</span>And he shall flay the burnt offering, and cut it into his pieces. <span class="ver">7</span>And the soM
ns of Aaron the priest shall put fire upon the altar, and lay the wood in order upon the fire: <span class="ver">8</span>And the priests, Aaron
s sons, shall lay the parts, the head, and the fat, in order upon the wood that is on the fire which is upon the altar: <span class="ver">9</span>But his inwards and his legs shall he wash in water: and the priest shall burn all on the altar, to be a burnt sacrifice, an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And if hisM
offering be of the flocks, namely, of the sheep, or of the goats, for a burnt sacrifice; he shall bring it a male without blemish. <span class="ver">11</span>And he shall kill it on the side of the altar northward before the LORD: and the priests, Aaron
s sons, shall sprinkle his blood round about upon the altar. <span class="ver">12</span>And he shall cut it into his pieces, with his head and his fat: and the priest shall lay them in order on the wood that is on the fire which is upon the altar: <span class="veM
r">13</span>But he shall wash the inwards and the legs with water: and the priest shall bring it all, and burn it upon the altar: it is a burnt sacrifice, an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And if the burnt sacrifice for his offering to the LORD be of fowls, then he shall bring his offering of turtledoves, or of young pigeons. <span class="ver">15</span>And the priest shall bring it unto the altar, and wring off his head, and burn it on the altar; and theM
blood thereof shall be wrung out at the side of the altar: <span class="ver">16</span>And he shall pluck away his crop with his feathers, and cast it beside the altar on the east part, by the place of the ashes: <span class="ver">17</span>And he shall cleave it with the wings thereof, but shall not divide it asunder: and the priest shall burn it upon the altar, upon the wood that is upon the fire: it is a burnt sacrifice, an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
p><span class="ver">1</span>And when any will offer a meat offering unto the LORD, his offering shall be of fine flour; and he shall pour oil upon it, and put frankincense thereon: <span class="ver">2</span>And he shall bring it to Aaron
s sons the priests: and he shall take thereout his handful of the flour thereof, and of the oil thereof, with all the frankincense thereof; and the priest shall burn the memorial of it upon the altar, to be an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD: <span class="vM
er">3</span>And the remnant of the meat offering shall be Aaron
: it is a thing most holy of the offerings of the LORD made by fire. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And if thou bring an oblation of a meat offering baken in the oven, it shall be unleavened cakes of fine flour mingled with oil, or unleavened wafers anointed with oil. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And if thy oblation be a meat offering baken in a pan, it shall be of fine flour unleavened, mingled with oil. <span class="verM
">6</span>Thou shalt part it in pieces, and pour oil thereon: it is a meat offering. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And if thy oblation be a meat offering baken in the fryingpan, it shall be made of fine flour with oil. <span class="ver">8</span>And thou shalt bring the meat offering that is made of these things unto the LORD: and when it is presented unto the priest, he shall bring it unto the altar. <span class="ver">9</span>And the priest shall take from the meat offering a memorial thereof, and shall burn M
it upon the altar: it is an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD. <span class="ver">10</span>And that which is left of the meat offering shall be Aaron
: it is a thing most holy of the offerings of the LORD made by fire. <span class="ver">11</span>No meat offering, which ye shall bring unto the LORD, shall be made with leaven: for ye shall burn no leaven, nor any honey, in any offering of the LORD made by fire. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>As for the oblation of the firsM
tfruits, ye shall offer them unto the LORD: but they shall not be burnt on the altar for a sweet savour. <span class="ver">13</span>And every oblation of thy meat offering shalt thou season with salt; neither shalt thou suffer the salt of the covenant of thy God to be lacking from thy meat offering: with all thine offerings thou shalt offer salt. <span class="ver">14</span>And if thou offer a meat offering of thy firstfruits unto the LORD, thou shalt offer for the meat offering of thy firstfruits green ears of cornM
dried by the fire, even corn beaten out of full ears. <span class="ver">15</span>And thou shalt put oil upon it, and lay frankincense thereon: it is a meat offering. <span class="ver">16</span>And the priest shall burn the memorial of it, part of the beaten corn thereof, and part of the oil thereof, with all the frankincense thereof: it is an offering made by fire unto the LORD.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And if his oblation be a sacrifice of peace offering, if he offer it of theM
herd; whether it be a male or female, he shall offer it without blemish before the LORD. <span class="ver">2</span>And he shall lay his hand upon the head of his offering, and kill it at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation: and Aaron
s sons the priests shall sprinkle the blood upon the altar round about. <span class="ver">3</span>And he shall offer of the sacrifice of the peace offering an offering made by fire unto the LORD; the fat that covereth the inwards, and all the fat that is upon the inwards,M
<span class="ver">4</span>And the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is by the flanks, and the caul above the liver, with the kidneys, it shall he take away. <span class="ver">5</span>And Aaron
s sons shall burn it on the altar upon the burnt sacrifice, which is upon the wood that is on the fire: it is an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And if his offering for a sacrifice of peace offering unto the LORD be of the flock; male or female, he sM
hall offer it without blemish. <span class="ver">7</span>If he offer a lamb for his offering, then shall he offer it before the LORD. <span class="ver">8</span>And he shall lay his hand upon the head of his offering, and kill it before the tabernacle of the congregation: and Aaron
s sons shall sprinkle the blood thereof round about upon the altar. <span class="ver">9</span>And he shall offer of the sacrifice of the peace offering an offering made by fire unto the LORD; the fat thereof, and the whole rump, it shalM
l he take off hard by the backbone; and the fat that covereth the inwards, and all the fat that is upon the inwards, <span class="ver">10</span>And the two kidneys, and the fat that is upon them, which is by the flanks, and the caul above the liver, with the kidneys, it shall he take away. <span class="ver">11</span>And the priest shall burn it upon the altar: it is the food of the offering made by fire unto the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And if his offering be a goat, then he shall offer it before M
the LORD. <span class="ver">13</span>And he shall lay his hand upon the head of it, and kill it before the tabernacle of the congregation: and the sons of Aaron shall sprinkle the blood thereof upon the altar round about. <span class="ver">14</span>And he shall offer thereof his offering, even an offering made by fire unto the LORD; the fat that covereth the inwards, and all the fat that is upon the inwards, <span class="ver">15</span>And the two kidneys, and the fat that is upon them, which is by the flanks, and tM
he caul above the liver, with the kidneys, it shall he take away. <span class="ver">16</span>And the priest shall burn them upon the altar: it is the food of the offering made by fire for a sweet savour: all the fat is the LORD
s. <span class="ver">17</span>It shall be a perpetual statute for your generations throughout all your dwellings, that ye eat neither fat nor blood.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Speak unto theM
children of Israel, saying, If a soul shall sin through ignorance against any of the commandments of the LORD concerning things which ought not to be done, and shall do against any of them: <span class="ver">3</span>If the priest that is anointed do sin according to the sin of the people; then let him bring for his sin, which he hath sinned, a young bullock without blemish unto the LORD for a sin offering. <span class="ver">4</span>And he shall bring the bullock unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation M
before the LORD; and shall lay his hand upon the bullock
s head, and kill the bullock before the LORD. <span class="ver">5</span>And the priest that is anointed shall take of the bullock
s blood, and bring it to the tabernacle of the congregation: <span class="ver">6</span>And the priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle of the blood seven times before the LORD, before the vail of the sanctuary. <span class="ver">7</span>And the priest shall put some of the blood upon the horns of the altar of sweM
et incense before the LORD, which is in the tabernacle of the congregation; and shall pour all the blood of the bullock at the bottom of the altar of the burnt offering, which is at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. <span class="ver">8</span>And he shall take off from it all the fat of the bullock for the sin offering; the fat that covereth the inwards, and all the fat that is upon the inwards, <span class="ver">9</span>And the two kidneys, and the fat that is upon them, which is by the flanks, and thM
e caul above the liver, with the kidneys, it shall he take away, <span class="ver">10</span>As it was taken off from the bullock of the sacrifice of peace offerings: and the priest shall burn them upon the altar of the burnt offering. <span class="ver">11</span>And the skin of the bullock, and all his flesh, with his head, and with his legs, and his inwards, and his dung, <span class="ver">12</span>Even the whole bullock shall he carry forth without the camp unto a clean place, where the ashes are poured out, and bM
urn him on the wood with fire: where the ashes are poured out shall he be burnt. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And if the whole congregation of Israel sin through ignorance, and the thing be hid from the eyes of the assembly, and they have done somewhat against any of the commandments of the LORD concerning things which should not be done, and are guilty; <span class="ver">14</span>When the sin, which they have sinned against it, is known, then the congregation shall offer a young bullock for the sin, and brM
ing him before the tabernacle of the congregation. <span class="ver">15</span>And the elders of the congregation shall lay their hands upon the head of the bullock before the LORD: and the bullock shall be killed before the LORD. <span class="ver">16</span>And the priest that is anointed shall bring of the bullock
s blood to the tabernacle of the congregation: <span class="ver">17</span>And the priest shall dip his finger in some of the blood, and sprinkle it seven times before the LORD, even before the vail. <spM
an class="ver">18</span>And he shall put some of the blood upon the horns of the altar which is before the LORD, that is in the tabernacle of the congregation, and shall pour out all the blood at the bottom of the altar of the burnt offering, which is at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. <span class="ver">19</span>And he shall take all his fat from him, and burn it upon the altar. <span class="ver">20</span>And he shall do with the bullock as he did with the bullock for a sin offering, so shall he do M
with this: and the priest shall make an atonement for them, and it shall be forgiven them. <span class="ver">21</span>And he shall carry forth the bullock without the camp, and burn him as he burned the first bullock: it is a sin offering for the congregation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>When a ruler hath sinned, and done somewhat through ignorance against any of the commandments of the LORD his God concerning things which should not be done, and is guilty; <span class="ver">23</span>Or if his sin, whereinM
he hath sinned, come to his knowledge; he shall bring his offering, a kid of the goats, a male without blemish: <span class="ver">24</span>And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the goat, and kill it in the place where they kill the burnt offering before the LORD: it is a sin offering. <span class="ver">25</span>And the priest shall take of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it upon the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and shall pour out his blood at the bottom of the altar of burnt ofM
fering. <span class="ver">26</span>And he shall burn all his fat upon the altar, as the fat of the sacrifice of peace offerings: and the priest shall make an atonement for him as concerning his sin, and it shall be forgiven him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>And if any one of the common people sin through ignorance, while he doeth somewhat against any of the commandments of the LORD concerning things which ought not to be done, and be guilty; <span class="ver">28</span>Or if his sin, which he hath sinned, coM
me to his knowledge: then he shall bring his offering, a kid of the goats, a female without blemish, for his sin which he hath sinned. <span class="ver">29</span>And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin offering, and slay the sin offering in the place of the burnt offering. <span class="ver">30</span>And the priest shall take of the blood thereof with his finger, and put it upon the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and shall pour out all the blood thereof at the bottom of the altar. <span class="ver"M
>31</span>And he shall take away all the fat thereof, as the fat is taken away from off the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall burn it upon the altar for a sweet savour unto the LORD; and the priest shall make an atonement for him, and it shall be forgiven him. <span class="ver">32</span>And if he bring a lamb for a sin offering, he shall bring it a female without blemish. <span class="ver">33</span>And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin offering, and slay it for a sin offering in the plM
ace where they kill the burnt offering. <span class="ver">34</span>And the priest shall take of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it upon the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and shall pour out all the blood thereof at the bottom of the altar: <span class="ver">35</span>And he shall take away all the fat thereof, as the fat of the lamb is taken away from the sacrifice of the peace offerings; and the priest shall burn them upon the altar, according to the offerings made by fire unto the LORM
D: and the priest shall make an atonement for his sin that he hath committed, and it shall be forgiven him.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And if a soul sin, and hear the voice of swearing, and is a witness, whether he hath seen or known of it; if he do not utter it, then he shall bear his iniquity. <span class="ver">2</span>Or if a soul touch any unclean thing, whether it be a carcase of an unclean beast, or a carcase of unclean cattle, or the carcase of unclean creeping things, and M
if it be hidden from him; he also shall be unclean, and guilty. <span class="ver">3</span>Or if he touch the uncleanness of man, whatsoever uncleanness it be that a man shall be defiled withal, and it be hid from him; when he knoweth of it, then he shall be guilty. <span class="ver">4</span>Or if a soul swear, pronouncing with his lips to do evil, or to do good, whatsoever it be that a man shall pronounce with an oath, and it be hid from him; when he knoweth of it, then he shall be guilty in one of these. <span claM
ss="ver">5</span>And it shall be, when he shall be guilty in one of these things, that he shall confess that he hath sinned in that thing: <span class="ver">6</span>And he shall bring his trespass offering unto the LORD for his sin which he hath sinned, a female from the flock, a lamb or a kid of the goats, for a sin offering; and the priest shall make an atonement for him concerning his sin. <span class="ver">7</span>And if he be not able to bring a lamb, then he shall bring for his trespass, which he hath committM
ed, two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, unto the LORD; one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering. <span class="ver">8</span>And he shall bring them unto the priest, who shall offer that which is for the sin offering first, and wring off his head from his neck, but shall not divide it asunder: <span class="ver">9</span>And he shall sprinkle of the blood of the sin offering upon the side of the altar; and the rest of the blood shall be wrung out at the bottom of the altar: it is a sin offering. <sM
pan class="ver">10</span>And he shall offer the second for a burnt offering, according to the manner: and the priest shall make an atonement for him for his sin which he hath sinned, and it shall be forgiven him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>But if he be not able to bring two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, then he that sinned shall bring for his offering the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour for a sin offering; he shall put no oil upon it, neither shall he put any frankincense thereon: for it is a siM
n offering. <span class="ver">12</span>Then shall he bring it to the priest, and the priest shall take his handful of it, even a memorial thereof, and burn it on the altar, according to the offerings made by fire unto the LORD: it is a sin offering. <span class="ver">13</span>And the priest shall make an atonement for him as touching his sin that he hath sinned in one of these, and it shall be forgiven him: and the remnant shall be the priest
s, as a meat offering. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And the LORM
D spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">15</span>If a soul commit a trespass, and sin through ignorance, in the holy things of the LORD; then he shall bring for his trespass unto the LORD a ram without blemish out of the flocks, with thy estimation by shekels of silver, after the shekel of the sanctuary, for a trespass offering: <span class="ver">16</span>And he shall make amends for the harm that he hath done in the holy thing, and shall add the fifth part thereto, and give it unto the priest: and the priestM
shall make an atonement for him with the ram of the trespass offering, and it shall be forgiven him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And if a soul sin, and commit any of these things which are forbidden to be done by the commandments of the LORD; though he wist it not, yet is he guilty, and shall bear his iniquity. <span class="ver">18</span>And he shall bring a ram without blemish out of the flock, with thy estimation, for a trespass offering, unto the priest: and the priest shall make an atonement for him cM
oncerning his ignorance wherein he erred and wist it not, and it shall be forgiven him. <span class="ver">19</span>It is a trespass offering: he hath certainly trespassed against the LORD.
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>If a soul sin, and commit a trespass against the LORD, and lie unto his neighbour in that which was delivered him to keep, or in fellowship, or in a thing taken away by violence, or hath deceived his neigM
hbour; <span class="ver">3</span>Or have found that which was lost, and lieth concerning it, and sweareth falsely; in any of all these that a man doeth, sinning therein: <span class="ver">4</span>Then it shall be, because he hath sinned, and is guilty, that he shall restore that which he took violently away, or the thing which he hath deceitfully gotten, or that which was delivered him to keep, or the lost thing which he found, <span class="ver">5</span>Or all that about which he hath sworn falsely; he shall even rM
estore it in the principal, and shall add the fifth part more thereto, and give it unto him to whom it appertaineth, in the day of his trespass offering. <span class="ver">6</span>And he shall bring his trespass offering unto the LORD, a ram without blemish out of the flock, with thy estimation, for a trespass offering, unto the priest: <span class="ver">7</span>And the priest shall make an atonement for him before the LORD: and it shall be forgiven him for any thing of all that he hath done in trespassing therein.M
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">9</span>Command Aaron and his sons, saying, This is the law of the burnt offering: It is the burnt offering, because of the burning upon the altar all night unto the morning, and the fire of the altar shall be burning in it. <span class="ver">10</span>And the priest shall put on his linen garment, and his linen breeches shall he put upon his flesh, and take up the ashes which the fire hath consumed with the burnt offering M
on the altar, and he shall put them beside the altar. <span class="ver">11</span>And he shall put off his garments, and put on other garments, and carry forth the ashes without the camp unto a clean place. <span class="ver">12</span>And the fire upon the altar shall be burning in it; it shall not be put out: and the priest shall burn wood on it every morning, and lay the burnt offering in order upon it; and he shall burn thereon the fat of the peace offerings. <span class="ver">13</span>The fire shall ever be burniM
ng upon the altar; it shall never go out. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And this is the law of the meat offering: the sons of Aaron shall offer it before the LORD, before the altar. <span class="ver">15</span>And he shall take of it his handful, of the flour of the meat offering, and of the oil thereof, and all the frankincense which is upon the meat offering, and shall burn it upon the altar for a sweet savour, even the memorial of it, unto the LORD. <span class="ver">16</span>And the remainder thereof shalM
l Aaron and his sons eat: with unleavened bread shall it be eaten in the holy place; in the court of the tabernacle of the congregation they shall eat it. <span class="ver">17</span>It shall not be baken with leaven. I have given it unto them for their portion of my offerings made by fire; it is most holy, as is the sin offering, and as the trespass offering. <span class="ver">18</span>All the males among the children of Aaron shall eat of it. It shall be a statute for ever in your generations concerning the offeriM
ngs of the LORD made by fire: every one that toucheth them shall be holy. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">20</span>This is the offering of Aaron and of his sons, which they shall offer unto the LORD in the day when he is anointed; the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour for a meat offering perpetual, half of it in the morning, and half thereof at night. <span class="ver">21</span>In a pan it shall be made with oil; and when it is baken, thou shalt bringM
it in: and the baken pieces of the meat offering shalt thou offer for a sweet savour unto the LORD. <span class="ver">22</span>And the priest of his sons that is anointed in his stead shall offer it: it is a statute for ever unto the LORD; it shall be wholly burnt. <span class="ver">23</span>For every meat offering for the priest shall be wholly burnt: it shall not be eaten. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">25</span>Speak unto Aaron and to his sons, sayiM
ng, This is the law of the sin offering: In the place where the burnt offering is killed shall the sin offering be killed before the LORD: it is most holy. <span class="ver">26</span>The priest that offereth it for sin shall eat it: in the holy place shall it be eaten, in the court of the tabernacle of the congregation. <span class="ver">27</span>Whatsoever shall touch the flesh thereof shall be holy: and when there is sprinkled of the blood thereof upon any garment, thou shalt wash that whereon it was sprinkled inM
the holy place. <span class="ver">28</span>But the earthen vessel wherein it is sodden shall be broken: and if it be sodden in a brasen pot, it shall be both scoured, and rinsed in water. <span class="ver">29</span>All the males among the priests shall eat thereof: it is most holy. <span class="ver">30</span>And no sin offering, whereof any of the blood is brought into the tabernacle of the congregation to reconcile withal in the holy place, shall be eaten: it shall be burnt in the fire.
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</M
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Likewise this is the law of the trespass offering: it is most holy. <span class="ver">2</span>In the place where they kill the burnt offering shall they kill the trespass offering: and the blood thereof shall he sprinkle round about upon the altar. <span class="ver">3</span>And he shall offer of it all the fat thereof; the rump, and the fat that covereth the inwards, <span class="ver">4</span>And the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is by the flanks, and the caul tM
hat is above the liver, with the kidneys, it shall he take away: <span class="ver">5</span>And the priest shall burn them upon the altar for an offering made by fire unto the LORD: it is a trespass offering. <span class="ver">6</span>Every male among the priests shall eat thereof: it shall be eaten in the holy place: it is most holy. <span class="ver">7</span>As the sin offering is, so is the trespass offering: there is one law for them: the priest that maketh atonement therewith shall have it. <span class="ver">8<M
/span>And the priest that offereth any man
s burnt offering, even the priest shall have to himself the skin of the burnt offering which he hath offered. <span class="ver">9</span>And all the meat offering that is baken in the oven, and all that is dressed in the fryingpan, and in the pan, shall be the priest
s that offereth it. <span class="ver">10</span>And every meat offering, mingled with oil, and dry, shall all the sons of Aaron have, one as much as another. <span class="ver">11</span>And this is the law ofM
the sacrifice of peace offerings, which he shall offer unto the LORD. <span class="ver">12</span>If he offer it for a thanksgiving, then he shall offer with the sacrifice of thanksgiving unleavened cakes mingled with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil, and cakes mingled with oil, of fine flour, fried. <span class="ver">13</span>Besides the cakes, he shall offer for his offering leavened bread with the sacrifice of thanksgiving of his peace offerings. <span class="ver">14</span>And of it he shall offer onM
e out of the whole oblation for an heave offering unto the LORD, and it shall be the priest
s that sprinkleth the blood of the peace offerings. <span class="ver">15</span>And the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offerings for thanksgiving shall be eaten the same day that it is offered; he shall not leave any of it until the morning. <span class="ver">16</span>But if the sacrifice of his offering be a vow, or a voluntary offering, it shall be eaten the same day that he offereth his sacrifice: and on the morrow M
also the remainder of it shall be eaten: <span class="ver">17</span>But the remainder of the flesh of the sacrifice on the third day shall be burnt with fire. <span class="ver">18</span>And if any of the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offerings be eaten at all on the third day, it shall not be accepted, neither shall it be imputed unto him that offereth it: it shall be an abomination, and the soul that eateth of it shall bear his iniquity. <span class="ver">19</span>And the flesh that toucheth any unclean thinM
g shall not be eaten; it shall be burnt with fire: and as for the flesh, all that be clean shall eat thereof. <span class="ver">20</span>But the soul that eateth of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace offerings, that pertain unto the LORD, having his uncleanness upon him, even that soul shall be cut off from his people. <span class="ver">21</span>Moreover the soul that shall touch any unclean thing, as the uncleanness of man, or any unclean beast, or any abominable unclean thing, and eat of the flesh of the sacrifiM
ce of peace offerings, which pertain unto the LORD, even that soul shall be cut off from his people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">23</span>Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, Ye shall eat no manner of fat, of ox, or of sheep, or of goat. <span class="ver">24</span>And the fat of the beast that dieth of itself, and the fat of that which is torn with beasts, may be used in any other use: but ye shall in no wise eat of it. <span class="ver">25</spM
an>For whosoever eateth the fat of the beast, of which men offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD, even the soul that eateth it shall be cut off from his people. <span class="ver">26</span>Moreover ye shall eat no manner of blood, whether it be of fowl or of beast, in any of your dwellings. <span class="ver">27</span>Whatsoever soul it be that eateth any manner of blood, even that soul shall be cut off from his people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="veM
r">29</span>Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, He that offereth the sacrifice of his peace offerings unto the LORD shall bring his oblation unto the LORD of the sacrifice of his peace offerings. <span class="ver">30</span>His own hands shall bring the offerings of the LORD made by fire, the fat with the breast, it shall he bring, that the breast may be waved for a wave offering before the LORD. <span class="ver">31</span>And the priest shall burn the fat upon the altar: but the breast shall be Aaron
. <span class="ver">32</span>And the right shoulder shall ye give unto the priest for an heave offering of the sacrifices of your peace offerings. <span class="ver">33</span>He among the sons of Aaron, that offereth the blood of the peace offerings, and the fat, shall have the right shoulder for his part. <span class="ver">34</span>For the wave breast and the heave shoulder have I taken of the children of Israel from off the sacrifices of their peace offerings, and have given them unto Aaron the priest M
and unto his sons by a statute for ever from among the children of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">35</span>This is the portion of the anointing of Aaron, and of the anointing of his sons, out of the offerings of the LORD made by fire, in the day when he presented them to minister unto the LORD in the priest
s office; <span class="ver">36</span>Which the LORD commanded to be given them of the children of Israel, in the day that he anointed them, by a statute for ever throughout their generations. <span class=M
"ver">37</span>This is the law of the burnt offering, of the meat offering, and of the sin offering, and of the trespass offering, and of the consecrations, and of the sacrifice of the peace offerings; <span class="ver">38</span>Which the LORD commanded Moses in mount Sinai, in the day that he commanded the children of Israel to offer their oblations unto the LORD, in the wilderness of Sinai.
<h2 id="c8">Chapter 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</spM
an>Take Aaron and his sons with him, and the garments, and the anointing oil, and a bullock for the sin offering, and two rams, and a basket of unleavened bread; <span class="ver">3</span>And gather thou all the congregation together unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. <span class="ver">4</span>And Moses did as the LORD commanded him; and the assembly was gathered together unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. <span class="ver">5</span>And Moses said unto the congregation, This is thM
e thing which the LORD commanded to be done. <span class="ver">6</span>And Moses brought Aaron and his sons, and washed them with water. <span class="ver">7</span>And he put upon him the coat, and girded him with the girdle, and clothed him with the robe, and put the ephod upon him, and he girded him with the curious girdle of the ephod, and bound it unto him therewith. <span class="ver">8</span>And he put the breastplate upon him: also he put in the breastplate the Urim and the Thummim. <span class="ver">9</span>AM
nd he put the mitre upon his head; also upon the mitre, even upon his forefront, did he put the golden plate, the holy crown; as the LORD commanded Moses. <span class="ver">10</span>And Moses took the anointing oil, and anointed the tabernacle and all that was therein, and sanctified them. <span class="ver">11</span>And he sprinkled thereof upon the altar seven times, and anointed the altar and all his vessels, both the laver and his foot, to sanctify them. <span class="ver">12</span>And he poured of the anointing M
s head, and anointed him, to sanctify him. <span class="ver">13</span>And Moses brought Aaron
s sons, and put coats upon them, and girded them with girdles, and put bonnets upon them; as the LORD commanded Moses. <span class="ver">14</span>And he brought the bullock for the sin offering: and Aaron and his sons laid their hands upon the head of the bullock for the sin offering. <span class="ver">15</span>And he slew it; and Moses took the blood, and put it upon the horns of the altar round about wM
ith his finger, and purified the altar, and poured the blood at the bottom of the altar, and sanctified it, to make reconciliation upon it. <span class="ver">16</span>And he took all the fat that was upon the inwards, and the caul above the liver, and the two kidneys, and their fat, and Moses burned it upon the altar. <span class="ver">17</span>But the bullock, and his hide, his flesh, and his dung, he burnt with fire without the camp; as the LORD commanded Moses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And he broughtM
the ram for the burnt offering: and Aaron and his sons laid their hands upon the head of the ram. <span class="ver">19</span>And he killed it; and Moses sprinkled the blood upon the altar round about. <span class="ver">20</span>And he cut the ram into pieces; and Moses burnt the head, and the pieces, and the fat. <span class="ver">21</span>And he washed the inwards and the legs in water; and Moses burnt the whole ram upon the altar: it was a burnt sacrifice for a sweet savour, and an offering made by fire unto theM
LORD; as the LORD commanded Moses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And he brought the other ram, the ram of consecration: and Aaron and his sons laid their hands upon the head of the ram. <span class="ver">23</span>And he slew it; and Moses took of the blood of it, and put it upon the tip of Aaron
s right ear, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot. <span class="ver">24</span>And he brought Aaron
s sons, and Moses put of the blood upon the tip of their right ear, anM
d upon the thumbs of their right hands, and upon the great toes of their right feet: and Moses sprinkled the blood upon the altar round about. <span class="ver">25</span>And he took the fat, and the rump, and all the fat that was upon the inwards, and the caul above the liver, and the two kidneys, and their fat, and the right shoulder: <span class="ver">26</span>And out of the basket of unleavened bread, that was before the LORD, he took one unleavened cake, and a cake of oiled bread, and one wafer, and put them onM
the fat, and upon the right shoulder: <span class="ver">27</span>And he put all upon Aaron
s hands, and upon his sons
hands, and waved them for a wave offering before the LORD. <span class="ver">28</span>And Moses took them from off their hands, and burnt them on the altar upon the burnt offering: they were consecrations for a sweet savour: it is an offering made by fire unto the LORD. <span class="ver">29</span>And Moses took the breast, and waved it for a wave offering before the LORD: for of the ram of conM
secration it was Moses
part; as the LORD commanded Moses. <span class="ver">30</span>And Moses took of the anointing oil, and of the blood which was upon the altar, and sprinkled it upon Aaron, and upon his garments, and upon his sons, and upon his sons
garments with him; and sanctified Aaron, and his garments, and his sons, and his sons
garments with him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>And Moses said unto Aaron and to his sons, Boil the flesh at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation: and thM
ere eat it with the bread that is in the basket of consecrations, as I commanded, saying, Aaron and his sons shall eat it. <span class="ver">32</span>And that which remaineth of the flesh and of the bread shall ye burn with fire. <span class="ver">33</span>And ye shall not go out of the door of the tabernacle of the congregation in seven days, until the days of your consecration be at an end: for seven days shall he consecrate you. <span class="ver">34</span>As he hath done this day, so the LORD hath commanded to dM
o, to make an atonement for you. <span class="ver">35</span>Therefore shall ye abide at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation day and night seven days, and keep the charge of the LORD, that ye die not: for so I am commanded. <span class="ver">36</span>So Aaron and his sons did all things which the LORD commanded by the hand of Moses.
<h2 id="c9">Chapter 9</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass on the eighth day, that Moses called Aaron and his sons, and the elders of Israel; <span clasM
s="ver">2</span>And he said unto Aaron, Take thee a young calf for a sin offering, and a ram for a burnt offering, without blemish, and offer them before the LORD. <span class="ver">3</span>And unto the children of Israel thou shalt speak, saying, Take ye a kid of the goats for a sin offering; and a calf and a lamb, both of the first year, without blemish, for a burnt offering; <span class="ver">4</span>Also a bullock and a ram for peace offerings, to sacrifice before the LORD; and a meat offering mingled with oil:M
for to day the LORD will appear unto you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And they brought that which Moses commanded before the tabernacle of the congregation: and all the congregation drew near and stood before the LORD. <span class="ver">6</span>And Moses said, This is the thing which the LORD commanded that ye should do: and the glory of the LORD shall appear unto you. <span class="ver">7</span>And Moses said unto Aaron, Go unto the altar, and offer thy sin offering, and thy burnt offering, and make an atoM
nement for thyself, and for the people: and offer the offering of the people, and make an atonement for them; as the LORD commanded. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Aaron therefore went unto the altar, and slew the calf of the sin offering, which was for himself. <span class="ver">9</span>And the sons of Aaron brought the blood unto him: and he dipped his finger in the blood, and put it upon the horns of the altar, and poured out the blood at the bottom of the altar: <span class="ver">10</span>But the fat, and M
the kidneys, and the caul above the liver of the sin offering, he burnt upon the altar; as the LORD commanded Moses. <span class="ver">11</span>And the flesh and the hide he burnt with fire without the camp. <span class="ver">12</span>And he slew the burnt offering; and Aaron
s sons presented unto him the blood, which he sprinkled round about upon the altar. <span class="ver">13</span>And they presented the burnt offering unto him, with the pieces thereof, and the head: and he burnt them upon the altar. <span claM
ss="ver">14</span>And he did wash the inwards and the legs, and burnt them upon the burnt offering on the altar. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And he brought the people
s offering, and took the goat, which was the sin offering for the people, and slew it, and offered it for sin, as the first. <span class="ver">16</span>And he brought the burnt offering, and offered it according to the manner. <span class="ver">17</span>And he brought the meat offering, and took an handful thereof, and burnt it upon the altM
ar, beside the burnt sacrifice of the morning. <span class="ver">18</span>He slew also the bullock and the ram for a sacrifice of peace offerings, which was for the people: and Aaron
s sons presented unto him the blood, which he sprinkled upon the altar round about, <span class="ver">19</span>And the fat of the bullock and of the ram, the rump, and that which covereth the inwards, and the kidneys, and the caul above the liver: <span class="ver">20</span>And they put the fat upon the breasts, and he burnt the fat M
upon the altar: <span class="ver">21</span>And the breasts and the right shoulder Aaron waved for a wave offering before the LORD; as Moses commanded. <span class="ver">22</span>And Aaron lifted up his hand toward the people, and blessed them, and came down from offering of the sin offering, and the burnt offering, and peace offerings. <span class="ver">23</span>And Moses and Aaron went into the tabernacle of the congregation, and came out, and blessed the people: and the glory of the LORD appeared unto all the peoM
ple. <span class="ver">24</span>And there came a fire out from before the LORD, and consumed upon the altar the burnt offering and the fat: which when all the people saw, they shouted, and fell on their faces.
<h2 id="c10">Chapter 10</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took either of them his censer, and put fire therein, and put incense thereon, and offered strange fire before the LORD, which he commanded them not. <span class="ver">2</span>And there went out fire from tM
he LORD, and devoured them, and they died before the LORD. <span class="ver">3</span>Then Moses said unto Aaron, This is it that the LORD spake, saying, I will be sanctified in them that come nigh me, and before all the people I will be glorified. And Aaron held his peace. <span class="ver">4</span>And Moses called Mishael and Elzaphan, the sons of Uzziel the uncle of Aaron, and said unto them, Come near, carry your brethren from before the sanctuary out of the camp. <span class="ver">5</span>So they went near, andM
carried them in their coats out of the camp; as Moses had said. <span class="ver">6</span>And Moses said unto Aaron, and unto Eleazar and unto Ithamar, his sons, Uncover not your heads, neither rend your clothes; lest ye die, and lest wrath come upon all the people: but let your brethren, the whole house of Israel, bewail the burning which the LORD hath kindled. <span class="ver">7</span>And ye shall not go out from the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, lest ye die: for the anointing oil of the LORD is uM
pon you. And they did according to the word of Moses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And the LORD spake unto Aaron, saying, <span class="ver">9</span>Do not drink wine nor strong drink, thou, nor thy sons with thee, when ye go into the tabernacle of the congregation, lest ye die: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations: <span class="ver">10</span>And that ye may put difference between holy and unholy, and between unclean and clean; <span class="ver">11</span>And that ye may teach the childreM
n of Israel all the statutes which the LORD hath spoken unto them by the hand of Moses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And Moses spake unto Aaron, and unto Eleazar and unto Ithamar, his sons that were left, Take the meat offering that remaineth of the offerings of the LORD made by fire, and eat it without leaven beside the altar: for it is most holy: <span class="ver">13</span>And ye shall eat it in the holy place, because it is thy due, and thy sons
due, of the sacrifices of the LORD made by fire: for so M
I am commanded. <span class="ver">14</span>And the wave breast and heave shoulder shall ye eat in a clean place; thou, and thy sons, and thy daughters with thee: for they be thy due, and thy sons
due, which are given out of the sacrifices of peace offerings of the children of Israel. <span class="ver">15</span>The heave shoulder and the wave breast shall they bring with the offerings made by fire of the fat, to wave it for a wave offering before the LORD; and it shall be thine, and thy sons
with thee, by a stM
atute for ever; as the LORD hath commanded. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And Moses diligently sought the goat of the sin offering, and, behold, it was burnt: and he was angry with Eleazar and Ithamar, the sons of Aaron which were left alive, saying, <span class="ver">17</span>Wherefore have ye not eaten the sin offering in the holy place, seeing it is most holy, and God hath given it you to bear the iniquity of the congregation, to make atonement for them before the LORD? <span class="ver">18</span>Behold, M
the blood of it was not brought in within the holy place: ye should indeed have eaten it in the holy place, as I commanded. <span class="ver">19</span>And Aaron said unto Moses, Behold, this day have they offered their sin offering and their burnt offering before the LORD; and such things have befallen me: and if I had eaten the sin offering to day, should it have been accepted in the sight of the LORD? <span class="ver">20</span>And when Moses heard that, he was content.
<h2 id="c11">Chapter 11</h2>
class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses and to Aaron, saying unto them, <span class="ver">2</span>Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, These are the beasts which ye shall eat among all the beasts that are on the earth. <span class="ver">3</span>Whatsoever parteth the hoof, and is clovenfooted, and cheweth the cud, among the beasts, that shall ye eat. <span class="ver">4</span>Nevertheless these shall ye not eat of them that chew the cud, or of them that divide the hoof: as the camel, because he cheM
weth the cud, but divideth not the hoof; he is unclean unto you. <span class="ver">5</span>And the coney, because he cheweth the cud, but divideth not the hoof; he is unclean unto you. <span class="ver">6</span>And the hare, because he cheweth the cud, but divideth not the hoof; he is unclean unto you. <span class="ver">7</span>And the swine, though he divide the hoof, and be clovenfooted, yet he cheweth not the cud; he is unclean to you. <span class="ver">8</span>Of their flesh shall ye not eat, and their carcase M
shall ye not touch; they are unclean to you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>These shall ye eat of all that are in the waters: whatsoever hath fins and scales in the waters, in the seas, and in the rivers, them shall ye eat. <span class="ver">10</span>And all that have not fins and scales in the seas, and in the rivers, of all that move in the waters, and of any living thing which is in the waters, they shall be an abomination unto you: <span class="ver">11</span>They shall be even an abomination unto you; ye sM
hall not eat of their flesh, but ye shall have their carcases in abomination. <span class="ver">12</span>Whatsoever hath no fins nor scales in the waters, that shall be an abomination unto you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And these are they which ye shall have in abomination among the fowls; they shall not be eaten, they are an abomination: the eagle, and the ossifrage, and the ospray, <span class="ver">14</span>And the vulture, and the kite after his kind; <span class="ver">15</span>Every raven after his M
kind; <span class="ver">16</span>And the owl, and the night hawk, and the cuckow, and the hawk after his kind, <span class="ver">17</span>And the little owl, and the cormorant, and the great owl, <span class="ver">18</span>And the swan, and the pelican, and the gier eagle, <span class="ver">19</span>And the stork, the heron after her kind, and the lapwing, and the bat. <span class="ver">20</span>All fowls that creep, going upon all four, shall be an abomination unto you. <span class="ver">21</span>Yet these may ye M
eat of every flying creeping thing that goeth upon all four, which have legs above their feet, to leap withal upon the earth; <span class="ver">22</span>Even these of them ye may eat; the locust after his kind, and the bald locust after his kind, and the beetle after his kind, and the grasshopper after his kind. <span class="ver">23</span>But all other flying creeping things, which have four feet, shall be an abomination unto you. <span class="ver">24</span>And for these ye shall be unclean: whosoever toucheth the M
carcase of them shall be unclean until the even. <span class="ver">25</span>And whosoever beareth ought of the carcase of them shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even. <span class="ver">26</span>The carcases of every beast which divideth the hoof, and is not clovenfooted, nor cheweth the cud, are unclean unto you: every one that toucheth them shall be unclean. <span class="ver">27</span>And whatsoever goeth upon his paws, among all manner of beasts that go on all four, those are unclean unto you: whosM
o toucheth their carcase shall be unclean until the even. <span class="ver">28</span>And he that beareth the carcase of them shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even: they are unclean unto you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>These also shall be unclean unto you among the creeping things that creep upon the earth; the weasel, and the mouse, and the tortoise after his kind, <span class="ver">30</span>And the ferret, and the chameleon, and the lizard, and the snail, and the mole. <span class="ver">3M
1</span>These are unclean to you among all that creep: whosoever doth touch them, when they be dead, shall be unclean until the even. <span class="ver">32</span>And upon whatsoever any of them, when they are dead, doth fall, it shall be unclean; whether it be any vessel of wood, or raiment, or skin, or sack, whatsoever vessel it be, wherein any work is done, it must be put into water, and it shall be unclean until the even; so it shall be cleansed. <span class="ver">33</span>And every earthen vessel, whereinto any M
of them falleth, whatsoever is in it shall be unclean; and ye shall break it. <span class="ver">34</span>Of all meat which may be eaten, that on which such water cometh shall be unclean: and all drink that may be drunk in every such vessel shall be unclean. <span class="ver">35</span>And every thing whereupon any part of their carcase falleth shall be unclean; whether it be oven, or ranges for pots, they shall be broken down: for they are unclean, and shall be unclean unto you. <span class="ver">36</span>NevertheleM
ss a fountain or pit, wherein there is plenty of water, shall be clean: but that which toucheth their carcase shall be unclean. <span class="ver">37</span>And if any part of their carcase fall upon any sowing seed which is to be sown, it shall be clean. <span class="ver">38</span>But if any water be put upon the seed, and any part of their carcase fall thereon, it shall be unclean unto you. <span class="ver">39</span>And if any beast, of which ye may eat, die; he that toucheth the carcase thereof shall be unclean uM
ntil the even. <span class="ver">40</span>And he that eateth of the carcase of it shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even: he also that beareth the carcase of it shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even. <span class="ver">41</span>And every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth shall be an abomination; it shall not be eaten. <span class="ver">42</span>Whatsoever goeth upon the belly, and whatsoever goeth upon all four, or whatsoever hath more feet among all creeping things that creeM
p upon the earth, them ye shall not eat; for they are an abomination. <span class="ver">43</span>Ye shall not make yourselves abominable with any creeping thing that creepeth, neither shall ye make yourselves unclean with them, that ye should be defiled thereby. <span class="ver">44</span>For I am the LORD your God: ye shall therefore sanctify yourselves, and ye shall be holy; for I am holy: neither shall ye defile yourselves with any manner of creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. <span class="ver">45</spanM
>For I am the LORD that bringeth you up out of the land of Egypt, to be your God: ye shall therefore be holy, for I am holy. <span class="ver">46</span>This is the law of the beasts, and of the fowl, and of every living creature that moveth in the waters, and of every creature that creepeth upon the earth: <span class="ver">47</span>To make a difference between the unclean and the clean, and between the beast that may be eaten and the beast that may not be eaten.
<h2 id="c12">Chapter 12</h2>
<p><span class="vM
er">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, If a woman have conceived seed, and born a man child: then she shall be unclean seven days; according to the days of the separation for her infirmity shall she be unclean. <span class="ver">3</span>And in the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised. <span class="ver">4</span>And she shall then continue in the blood of her purifying three and thirty days; she shall touch no hallowM
ed thing, nor come into the sanctuary, until the days of her purifying be fulfilled. <span class="ver">5</span>But if she bear a maid child, then she shall be unclean two weeks, as in her separation: and she shall continue in the blood of her purifying threescore and six days. <span class="ver">6</span>And when the days of her purifying are fulfilled, for a son, or for a daughter, she shall bring a lamb of the first year for a burnt offering, and a young pigeon, or a turtledove, for a sin offering, unto the door ofM
the tabernacle of the congregation, unto the priest: <span class="ver">7</span>Who shall offer it before the LORD, and make an atonement for her; and she shall be cleansed from the issue of her blood. This is the law for her that hath born a male or a female. <span class="ver">8</span>And if she be not able to bring a lamb, then she shall bring two turtles, or two young pigeons; the one for the burnt offering, and the other for a sin offering: and the priest shall make an atonement for her, and she shall be clean.M
<h2 id="c13">Chapter 13</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>When a man shall have in the skin of his flesh a rising, a scab, or bright spot, and it be in the skin of his flesh like the plague of leprosy; then he shall be brought unto Aaron the priest, or unto one of his sons the priests: <span class="ver">3</span>And the priest shall look on the plague in the skin of the flesh: and when the hair in the plague is turned white, and the plM
ague in sight be deeper than the skin of his flesh, it is a plague of leprosy: and the priest shall look on him, and pronounce him unclean. <span class="ver">4</span>If the bright spot be white in the skin of his flesh, and in sight be not deeper than the skin, and the hair thereof be not turned white; then the priest shall shut up him that hath the plague seven days: <span class="ver">5</span>And the priest shall look on him the seventh day: and, behold, if the plague in his sight be at a stay, and the plague spreM
ad not in the skin; then the priest shall shut him up seven days more: <span class="ver">6</span>And the priest shall look on him again the seventh day: and, behold, if the plague be somewhat dark, and the plague spread not in the skin, the priest shall pronounce him clean: it is but a scab: and he shall wash his clothes, and be clean. <span class="ver">7</span>But if the scab spread much abroad in the skin, after that he hath been seen of the priest for his cleansing, he shall be seen of the priest again: <span clM
ass="ver">8</span>And if the priest see that, behold, the scab spreadeth in the skin, then the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is a leprosy. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>When the plague of leprosy is in a man, then he shall be brought unto the priest; <span class="ver">10</span>And the priest shall see him: and, behold, if the rising be white in the skin, and it have turned the hair white, and there be quick raw flesh in the rising; <span class="ver">11</span>It is an old leprosy in the skin of his flM
esh, and the priest shall pronounce him unclean, and shall not shut him up: for he is unclean. <span class="ver">12</span>And if a leprosy break out abroad in the skin, and the leprosy cover all the skin of him that hath the plague from his head even to his foot, wheresoever the priest looketh; <span class="ver">13</span>Then the priest shall consider: and, behold, if the leprosy have covered all his flesh, he shall pronounce him clean that hath the plague: it is all turned white: he is clean. <span class="ver">14<M
/span>But when raw flesh appeareth in him, he shall be unclean. <span class="ver">15</span>And the priest shall see the raw flesh, and pronounce him to be unclean: for the raw flesh is unclean: it is a leprosy. <span class="ver">16</span>Or if the raw flesh turn again, and be changed unto white, he shall come unto the priest; <span class="ver">17</span>And the priest shall see him: and, behold, if the plague be turned into white; then the priest shall pronounce him clean that hath the plague: he is clean. </p>
><span class="ver">18</span>The flesh also, in which, even in the skin thereof, was a boil, and is healed, <span class="ver">19</span>And in the place of the boil there be a white rising, or a bright spot, white, and somewhat reddish, and it be shewed to the priest; <span class="ver">20</span>And if, when the priest seeth it, behold, it be in sight lower than the skin, and the hair thereof be turned white; the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is a plague of leprosy broken out of the boil. <span class="ver">21M
</span>But if the priest look on it, and, behold, there be no white hairs therein, and if it be not lower than the skin, but be somewhat dark; then the priest shall shut him up seven days: <span class="ver">22</span>And if it spread much abroad in the skin, then the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is a plague. <span class="ver">23</span>But if the bright spot stay in his place, and spread not, it is a burning boil; and the priest shall pronounce him clean. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>Or if there be M
any flesh, in the skin whereof there is a hot burning, and the quick flesh that burneth have a white bright spot, somewhat reddish, or white; <span class="ver">25</span>Then the priest shall look upon it: and, behold, if the hair in the bright spot be turned white, and it be in sight deeper than the skin; it is a leprosy broken out of the burning: wherefore the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is the plague of leprosy. <span class="ver">26</span>But if the priest look on it, and, behold, there be no white haiM
r in the bright spot, and it be no lower than the other skin, but be somewhat dark; then the priest shall shut him up seven days: <span class="ver">27</span>And the priest shall look upon him the seventh day: and if it be spread much abroad in the skin, then the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is the plague of leprosy. <span class="ver">28</span>And if the bright spot stay in his place, and spread not in the skin, but it be somewhat dark; it is a rising of the burning, and the priest shall pronounce him cleaM
n: for it is an inflammation of the burning. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>If a man or woman have a plague upon the head or the beard; <span class="ver">30</span>Then the priest shall see the plague: and, behold, if it be in sight deeper than the skin; and there be in it a yellow thin hair; then the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is a dry scall, even a leprosy upon the head or beard. <span class="ver">31</span>And if the priest look on the plague of the scall, and, behold, it be not in sight deeper tM
han the skin, and that there is no black hair in it; then the priest shall shut up him that hath the plague of the scall seven days: <span class="ver">32</span>And in the seventh day the priest shall look on the plague: and, behold, if the scall spread not, and there be in it no yellow hair, and the scall be not in sight deeper than the skin; <span class="ver">33</span>He shall be shaven, but the scall shall he not shave; and the priest shall shut up him that hath the scall seven days more: <span class="ver">34</spM
an>And in the seventh day the priest shall look on the scall: and, behold, if the scall be not spread in the skin, nor be in sight deeper than the skin; then the priest shall pronounce him clean: and he shall wash his clothes, and be clean. <span class="ver">35</span>But if the scall spread much in the skin after his cleansing; <span class="ver">36</span>Then the priest shall look on him: and, behold, if the scall be spread in the skin, the priest shall not seek for yellow hair; he is unclean. <span class="ver">37<M
/span>But if the scall be in his sight at a stay, and that there is black hair grown up therein; the scall is healed, he is clean: and the priest shall pronounce him clean. </p>
<p><span class="ver">38</span>If a man also or a woman have in the skin of their flesh bright spots, even white bright spots; <span class="ver">39</span>Then the priest shall look: and, behold, if the bright spots in the skin of their flesh be darkish white; it is a freckled spot that groweth in the skin; he is clean. <span class="ver">40M
</span>And the man whose hair is fallen off his head, he is bald; yet is he clean. <span class="ver">41</span>And he that hath his hair fallen off from the part of his head toward his face, he is forehead bald: yet is he clean. <span class="ver">42</span>And if there be in the bald head, or bald forehead, a white reddish sore; it is a leprosy sprung up in his bald head, or his bald forehead. <span class="ver">43</span>Then the priest shall look upon it: and, behold, if the rising of the sore be white reddish in hisM
bald head, or in his bald forehead, as the leprosy appeareth in the skin of the flesh; <span class="ver">44</span>He is a leprous man, he is unclean: the priest shall pronounce him utterly unclean; his plague is in his head. <span class="ver">45</span>And the leper in whom the plague is, his clothes shall be rent, and his head bare, and he shall put a covering upon his upper lip, and shall cry, Unclean, unclean. <span class="ver">46</span>All the days wherein the plague shall be in him he shall be defiled; he is uM
nclean: he shall dwell alone; without the camp shall his habitation be. </p>
<p><span class="ver">47</span>The garment also that the plague of leprosy is in, whether it be a woollen garment, or a linen garment; <span class="ver">48</span>Whether it be in the warp, or woof; of linen, or of woollen; whether in a skin, or in any thing made of skin; <span class="ver">49</span>And if the plague be greenish or reddish in the garment, or in the skin, either in the warp, or in the woof, or in any thing of skin; it is a pM
lague of leprosy, and shall be shewed unto the priest: <span class="ver">50</span>And the priest shall look upon the plague, and shut up it that hath the plague seven days: <span class="ver">51</span>And he shall look on the plague on the seventh day: if the plague be spread in the garment, either in the warp, or in the woof, or in a skin, or in any work that is made of skin; the plague is a fretting leprosy; it is unclean. <span class="ver">52</span>He shall therefore burn that garment, whether warp or woof, in woM
ollen or in linen, or any thing of skin, wherein the plague is: for it is a fretting leprosy; it shall be burnt in the fire. <span class="ver">53</span>And if the priest shall look, and, behold, the plague be not spread in the garment, either in the warp, or in the woof, or in any thing of skin; <span class="ver">54</span>Then the priest shall command that they wash the thing wherein the plague is, and he shall shut it up seven days more: <span class="ver">55</span>And the priest shall look on the plague, after thaM
t it is washed: and, behold, if the plague have not changed his colour, and the plague be not spread; it is unclean; thou shalt burn it in the fire; it is fret inward, whether it be bare within or without. <span class="ver">56</span>And if the priest look, and, behold, the plague be somewhat dark after the washing of it; then he shall rend it out of the garment, or out of the skin, or out of the warp, or out of the woof: <span class="ver">57</span>And if it appear still in the garment, either in the warp, or in theM
woof, or in any thing of skin; it is a spreading plague: thou shalt burn that wherein the plague is with fire. <span class="ver">58</span>And the garment, either warp, or woof, or whatsoever thing of skin it be, which thou shalt wash, if the plague be departed from them, then it shall be washed the second time, and shall be clean. <span class="ver">59</span>This is the law of the plague of leprosy in a garment of woollen or linen, either in the warp, or woof, or any thing of skins, to pronounce it clean, or to proM
<h2 id="c14">Chapter 14</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>This shall be the law of the leper in the day of his cleansing: He shall be brought unto the priest: <span class="ver">3</span>And the priest shall go forth out of the camp; and the priest shall look, and, behold, if the plague of leprosy be healed in the leper; <span class="ver">4</span>Then shall the priest command to take for him that is to be cleansed two birds alivM
e and clean, and cedar wood, and scarlet, and hyssop: <span class="ver">5</span>And the priest shall command that one of the birds be killed in an earthen vessel over running water: <span class="ver">6</span>As for the living bird, he shall take it, and the cedar wood, and the scarlet, and the hyssop, and shall dip them and the living bird in the blood of the bird that was killed over the running water: <span class="ver">7</span>And he shall sprinkle upon him that is to be cleansed from the leprosy seven times, andM
shall pronounce him clean, and shall let the living bird loose into the open field. <span class="ver">8</span>And he that is to be cleansed shall wash his clothes, and shave off all his hair, and wash himself in water, that he may be clean: and after that he shall come into the camp, and shall tarry abroad out of his tent seven days. <span class="ver">9</span>But it shall be on the seventh day, that he shall shave all his hair off his head and his beard and his eyebrows, even all his hair he shall shave off: and hM
e shall wash his clothes, also he shall wash his flesh in water, and he shall be clean. <span class="ver">10</span>And on the eighth day he shall take two he lambs without blemish, and one ewe lamb of the first year without blemish, and three tenth deals of fine flour for a meat offering, mingled with oil, and one log of oil. <span class="ver">11</span>And the priest that maketh him clean shall present the man that is to be made clean, and those things, before the LORD, at the door of the tabernacle of the congregaM
tion: <span class="ver">12</span>And the priest shall take one he lamb, and offer him for a trespass offering, and the log of oil, and wave them for a wave offering before the LORD: <span class="ver">13</span>And he shall slay the lamb in the place where he shall kill the sin offering and the burnt offering, in the holy place: for as the sin offering is the priest
s, so is the trespass offering: it is most holy: <span class="ver">14</span>And the priest shall take some of the blood of the trespass offering, and tM
he priest shall put it upon the tip of the right ear of him that is to be cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot: <span class="ver">15</span>And the priest shall take some of the log of oil, and pour it into the palm of his own left hand: <span class="ver">16</span>And the priest shall dip his right finger in the oil that is in his left hand, and shall sprinkle of the oil with his finger seven times before the LORD: <span class="ver">17</span>And of the rest of the M
oil that is in his hand shall the priest put upon the tip of the right ear of him that is to be cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot, upon the blood of the trespass offering: <span class="ver">18</span>And the remnant of the oil that is in the priest
s hand he shall pour upon the head of him that is to be cleansed: and the priest shall make an atonement for him before the LORD. <span class="ver">19</span>And the priest shall offer the sin offering, and make an aM
tonement for him that is to be cleansed from his uncleanness; and afterward he shall kill the burnt offering: <span class="ver">20</span>And the priest shall offer the burnt offering and the meat offering upon the altar: and the priest shall make an atonement for him, and he shall be clean. <span class="ver">21</span>And if he be poor, and cannot get so much; then he shall take one lamb for a trespass offering to be waved, to make an atonement for him, and one tenth deal of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat ofM
fering, and a log of oil; <span class="ver">22</span>And two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, such as he is able to get; and the one shall be a sin offering, and the other a burnt offering. <span class="ver">23</span>And he shall bring them on the eighth day for his cleansing unto the priest, unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, before the LORD. <span class="ver">24</span>And the priest shall take the lamb of the trespass offering, and the log of oil, and the priest shall wave them for a wave offeM
ring before the LORD: <span class="ver">25</span>And he shall kill the lamb of the trespass offering, and the priest shall take some of the blood of the trespass offering, and put it upon the tip of the right ear of him that is to be cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot: <span class="ver">26</span>And the priest shall pour of the oil into the palm of his own left hand: <span class="ver">27</span>And the priest shall sprinkle with his right finger some of the oil tM
hat is in his left hand seven times before the LORD: <span class="ver">28</span>And the priest shall put of the oil that is in his hand upon the tip of the right ear of him that is to be cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot, upon the place of the blood of the trespass offering: <span class="ver">29</span>And the rest of the oil that is in the priest
s hand he shall put upon the head of him that is to be cleansed, to make an atonement for him before the LORD. <spM
an class="ver">30</span>And he shall offer the one of the turtledoves, or of the young pigeons, such as he can get; <span class="ver">31</span>Even such as he is able to get, the one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering, with the meat offering: and the priest shall make an atonement for him that is to be cleansed before the LORD. <span class="ver">32</span>This is the law of him in whom is the plague of leprosy, whose hand is not able to get that which pertaineth to his cleansing. </p>
class="ver">33</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying, <span class="ver">34</span>When ye be come into the land of Canaan, which I give to you for a possession, and I put the plague of leprosy in a house of the land of your possession; <span class="ver">35</span>And he that owneth the house shall come and tell the priest, saying, It seemeth to me there is as it were a plague in the house: <span class="ver">36</span>Then the priest shall command that they empty the house, before the priest go intM
o it to see the plague, that all that is in the house be not made unclean: and afterward the priest shall go in to see the house: <span class="ver">37</span>And he shall look on the plague, and, behold, if the plague be in the walls of the house with hollow strakes, greenish or reddish, which in sight are lower than the wall; <span class="ver">38</span>Then the priest shall go out of the house to the door of the house, and shut up the house seven days: <span class="ver">39</span>And the priest shall come again the M
seventh day, and shall look: and, behold, if the plague be spread in the walls of the house; <span class="ver">40</span>Then the priest shall command that they take away the stones in which the plague is, and they shall cast them into an unclean place without the city: <span class="ver">41</span>And he shall cause the house to be scraped within round about, and they shall pour out the dust that they scrape off without the city into an unclean place: <span class="ver">42</span>And they shall take other stones, and pM
ut them in the place of those stones; and he shall take other morter, and shall plaister the house. <span class="ver">43</span>And if the plague come again, and break out in the house, after that he hath taken away the stones, and after he hath scraped the house, and after it is plaistered; <span class="ver">44</span>Then the priest shall come and look, and, behold, if the plague be spread in the house, it is a fretting leprosy in the house: it is unclean. <span class="ver">45</span>And he shall break down the housM
e, the stones of it, and the timber thereof, and all the morter of the house; and he shall carry them forth out of the city into an unclean place. <span class="ver">46</span>Moreover he that goeth into the house all the while that it is shut up shall be unclean until the even. <span class="ver">47</span>And he that lieth in the house shall wash his clothes; and he that eateth in the house shall wash his clothes. <span class="ver">48</span>And if the priest shall come in, and look upon it, and, behold, the plague haM
th not spread in the house, after the house was plaistered: then the priest shall pronounce the house clean, because the plague is healed. <span class="ver">49</span>And he shall take to cleanse the house two birds, and cedar wood, and scarlet, and hyssop: <span class="ver">50</span>And he shall kill the one of the birds in an earthen vessel over running water: <span class="ver">51</span>And he shall take the cedar wood, and the hyssop, and the scarlet, and the living bird, and dip them in the blood of the slain biM
rd, and in the running water, and sprinkle the house seven times: <span class="ver">52</span>And he shall cleanse the house with the blood of the bird, and with the running water, and with the living bird, and with the cedar wood, and with the hyssop, and with the scarlet: <span class="ver">53</span>But he shall let go the living bird out of the city into the open fields, and make an atonement for the house: and it shall be clean. <span class="ver">54</span>This is the law for all manner of plague of leprosy, and sM
call, <span class="ver">55</span>And for the leprosy of a garment, and of a house, <span class="ver">56</span>And for a rising, and for a scab, and for a bright spot: <span class="ver">57</span>To teach when it is unclean, and when it is clean: this is the law of leprosy.
<h2 id="c15">Chapter 15</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses and to Aaron, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When any man hath a running issue out of his flesh,M
because of his issue he is unclean. <span class="ver">3</span>And this shall be his uncleanness in his issue: whether his flesh run with his issue, or his flesh be stopped from his issue, it is his uncleanness. <span class="ver">4</span>Every bed, whereon he lieth that hath the issue, is unclean: and every thing, whereon he sitteth, shall be unclean. <span class="ver">5</span>And whosoever toucheth his bed shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even. <span class="ver">6</span>M
And he that sitteth on any thing whereon he sat that hath the issue shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even. <span class="ver">7</span>And he that toucheth the flesh of him that hath the issue shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even. <span class="ver">8</span>And if he that hath the issue spit upon him that is clean; then he shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even. <span class="ver">9</span>M
And what saddle soever he rideth upon that hath the issue shall be unclean. <span class="ver">10</span>And whosoever toucheth any thing that was under him shall be unclean until the even: and he that beareth any of those things shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even. <span class="ver">11</span>And whomsoever he toucheth that hath the issue, and hath not rinsed his hands in water, he shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even. <span clM
ass="ver">12</span>And the vessel of earth, that he toucheth which hath the issue, shall be broken: and every vessel of wood shall be rinsed in water. <span class="ver">13</span>And when he that hath an issue is cleansed of his issue; then he shall number to himself seven days for his cleansing, and wash his clothes, and bathe his flesh in running water, and shall be clean. <span class="ver">14</span>And on the eighth day he shall take to him two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, and come before the LORD unto the M
door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and give them unto the priest: <span class="ver">15</span>And the priest shall offer them, the one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering; and the priest shall make an atonement for him before the LORD for his issue. <span class="ver">16</span>And if any man
s seed of copulation go out from him, then he shall wash all his flesh in water, and be unclean until the even. <span class="ver">17</span>And every garment, and every skin, whereon is the seed of coM
pulation, shall be washed with water, and be unclean until the even. <span class="ver">18</span>The woman also with whom man shall lie with seed of copulation, they shall both bathe themselves in water, and be unclean until the even. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And if a woman have an issue, and her issue in her flesh be blood, she shall be put apart seven days: and whosoever toucheth her shall be unclean until the even. <span class="ver">20</span>And every thing that she lieth upon in her separation shall M
be unclean: every thing also that she sitteth upon shall be unclean. <span class="ver">21</span>And whosoever toucheth her bed shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even. <span class="ver">22</span>And whosoever toucheth any thing that she sat upon shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even. <span class="ver">23</span>And if it be on her bed, or on any thing whereon she sitteth, when he toucheth it, he shall be unclean until the even. <spM
an class="ver">24</span>And if any man lie with her at all, and her flowers be upon him, he shall be unclean seven days; and all the bed whereon he lieth shall be unclean. <span class="ver">25</span>And if a woman have an issue of her blood many days out of the time of her separation, or if it run beyond the time of her separation; all the days of the issue of her uncleanness shall be as the days of her separation: she shall be unclean. <span class="ver">26</span>Every bed whereon she lieth all the days of her issuM
e shall be unto her as the bed of her separation: and whatsoever she sitteth upon shall be unclean, as the uncleanness of her separation. <span class="ver">27</span>And whosoever toucheth those things shall be unclean, and shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even. <span class="ver">28</span>But if she be cleansed of her issue, then she shall number to herself seven days, and after that she shall be clean. <span class="ver">29</span>And on the eighth day she shall take unto hM
er two turtles, or two young pigeons, and bring them unto the priest, to the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. <span class="ver">30</span>And the priest shall offer the one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering; and the priest shall make an atonement for her before the LORD for the issue of her uncleanness. <span class="ver">31</span>Thus shall ye separate the children of Israel from their uncleanness; that they die not in their uncleanness, when they defile my tabernacle that is among thM
em. <span class="ver">32</span>This is the law of him that hath an issue, and of him whose seed goeth from him, and is defiled therewith; <span class="ver">33</span>And of her that is sick of her flowers, and of him that hath an issue, of the man, and of the woman, and of him that lieth with her that is unclean.
<h2 id="c16">Chapter 16</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when they offered before the LORD, and died; <span class="ver">2</spanM
>And the LORD said unto Moses, Speak unto Aaron thy brother, that he come not at all times into the holy place within the vail before the mercy seat, which is upon the ark; that he die not: for I will appear in the cloud upon the mercy seat. <span class="ver">3</span>Thus shall Aaron come into the holy place: with a young bullock for a sin offering, and a ram for a burnt offering. <span class="ver">4</span>He shall put on the holy linen coat, and he shall have the linen breeches upon his flesh, and shall be girded M
with a linen girdle, and with the linen mitre shall he be attired: these are holy garments; therefore shall he wash his flesh in water, and so put them on. <span class="ver">5</span>And he shall take of the congregation of the children of Israel two kids of the goats for a sin offering, and one ram for a burnt offering. <span class="ver">6</span>And Aaron shall offer his bullock of the sin offering, which is for himself, and make an atonement for himself, and for his house. <span class="ver">7</span>And he shall taM
ke the two goats, and present them before the LORD at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. <span class="ver">8</span>And Aaron shall cast lots upon the two goats; one lot for the LORD, and the other lot for the scapegoat. <span class="ver">9</span>And Aaron shall bring the goat upon which the LORD
s lot fell, and offer him for a sin offering. <span class="ver">10</span>But the goat, on which the lot fell to be the scapegoat, shall be presented alive before the LORD, to make an atonement with him, and tM
o let him go for a scapegoat into the wilderness. <span class="ver">11</span>And Aaron shall bring the bullock of the sin offering, which is for himself, and shall make an atonement for himself, and for his house, and shall kill the bullock of the sin offering which is for himself: <span class="ver">12</span>And he shall take a censer full of burning coals of fire from off the altar before the LORD, and his hands full of sweet incense beaten small, and bring it within the vail: <span class="ver">13</span>And he shaM
ll put the incense upon the fire before the LORD, that the cloud of the incense may cover the mercy seat that is upon the testimony, that he die not: <span class="ver">14</span>And he shall take of the blood of the bullock, and sprinkle it with his finger upon the mercy seat eastward; and before the mercy seat shall he sprinkle of the blood with his finger seven times. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Then shall he kill the goat of the sin offering, that is for the people, and bring his blood within the vail, aM
nd do with that blood as he did with the blood of the bullock, and sprinkle it upon the mercy seat, and before the mercy seat: <span class="ver">16</span>And he shall make an atonement for the holy place, because of the uncleanness of the children of Israel, and because of their transgressions in all their sins: and so shall he do for the tabernacle of the congregation, that remaineth among them in the midst of their uncleanness. <span class="ver">17</span>And there shall be no man in the tabernacle of the congregaM
tion when he goeth in to make an atonement in the holy place, until he come out, and have made an atonement for himself, and for his household, and for all the congregation of Israel. <span class="ver">18</span>And he shall go out unto the altar that is before the LORD, and make an atonement for it; and shall take of the blood of the bullock, and of the blood of the goat, and put it upon the horns of the altar round about. <span class="ver">19</span>And he shall sprinkle of the blood upon it with his finger seven tM
imes, and cleanse it, and hallow it from the uncleanness of the children of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And when he hath made an end of reconciling the holy place, and the tabernacle of the congregation, and the altar, he shall bring the live goat: <span class="ver">21</span>And Aaron shall lay both his hands upon the head of the live goat, and confess over him all the iniquities of the children of Israel, and all their transgressions in all their sins, putting them upon the head of the goat, and sM
hall send him away by the hand of a fit man into the wilderness: <span class="ver">22</span>And the goat shall bear upon him all their iniquities unto a land not inhabited: and he shall let go the goat in the wilderness. <span class="ver">23</span>And Aaron shall come into the tabernacle of the congregation, and shall put off the linen garments, which he put on when he went into the holy place, and shall leave them there: <span class="ver">24</span>And he shall wash his flesh with water in the holy place, and put oM
n his garments, and come forth, and offer his burnt offering, and the burnt offering of the people, and make an atonement for himself, and for the people. <span class="ver">25</span>And the fat of the sin offering shall he burn upon the altar. <span class="ver">26</span>And he that let go the goat for the scapegoat shall wash his clothes, and bathe his flesh in water, and afterward come into the camp. <span class="ver">27</span>And the bullock for the sin offering, and the goat for the sin offering, whose blood wasM
brought in to make atonement in the holy place, shall one carry forth without the camp; and they shall burn in the fire their skins, and their flesh, and their dung. <span class="ver">28</span>And he that burneth them shall wash his clothes, and bathe his flesh in water, and afterward he shall come into the camp. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>And this shall be a statute for ever unto you: that in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, ye shall afflict your souls, and do no work at all, whether itM
be one of your own country, or a stranger that sojourneth among you: <span class="ver">30</span>For on that day shall the priest make an atonement for you, to cleanse you, that ye may be clean from all your sins before the LORD. <span class="ver">31</span>It shall be a sabbath of rest unto you, and ye shall afflict your souls, by a statute for ever. <span class="ver">32</span>And the priest, whom he shall anoint, and whom he shall consecrate to minister in the priest
s office in his father
s stead, shall make M
the atonement, and shall put on the linen clothes, even the holy garments: <span class="ver">33</span>And he shall make an atonement for the holy sanctuary, and he shall make an atonement for the tabernacle of the congregation, and for the altar, and he shall make an atonement for the priests, and for all the people of the congregation. <span class="ver">34</span>And this shall be an everlasting statute unto you, to make an atonement for the children of Israel for all their sins once a year. And he did as the LORD M
<h2 id="c17">Chapter 17</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Speak unto Aaron, and unto his sons, and unto all the children of Israel, and say unto them; This is the thing which the LORD hath commanded, saying, <span class="ver">3</span>What man soever there be of the house of Israel, that killeth an ox, or lamb, or goat, in the camp, or that killeth it out of the camp, <span class="ver">4</span>And bringeth it not unto the door ofM
the tabernacle of the congregation, to offer an offering unto the LORD before the tabernacle of the LORD; blood shall be imputed unto that man; he hath shed blood; and that man shall be cut off from among his people: <span class="ver">5</span>To the end that the children of Israel may bring their sacrifices, which they offer in the open field, even that they may bring them unto the LORD, unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, unto the priest, and offer them for peace offerings unto the LORD. <span clM
ass="ver">6</span>And the priest shall sprinkle the blood upon the altar of the LORD at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and burn the fat for a sweet savour unto the LORD. <span class="ver">7</span>And they shall no more offer their sacrifices unto devils, after whom they have gone a whoring. This shall be a statute for ever unto them throughout their generations. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And thou shalt say unto them, Whatsoever man there be of the house of Israel, or of the strangers whicM
h sojourn among you, that offereth a burnt offering or sacrifice, <span class="ver">9</span>And bringeth it not unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, to offer it unto the LORD; even that man shall be cut off from among his people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And whatsoever man there be of the house of Israel, or of the strangers that sojourn among you, that eateth any manner of blood; I will even set my face against that soul that eateth blood, and will cut him off from among his people. <spM
an class="ver">11</span>For the life of the flesh is in the blood: and I have given it to you upon the altar to make an atonement for your souls: for it is the blood that maketh an atonement for the soul. <span class="ver">12</span>Therefore I said unto the children of Israel, No soul of you shall eat blood, neither shall any stranger that sojourneth among you eat blood. <span class="ver">13</span>And whatsoever man there be of the children of Israel, or of the strangers that sojourn among you, which hunteth and caM
tcheth any beast or fowl that may be eaten; he shall even pour out the blood thereof, and cover it with dust. <span class="ver">14</span>For it is the life of all flesh; the blood of it is for the life thereof: therefore I said unto the children of Israel, Ye shall eat the blood of no manner of flesh: for the life of all flesh is the blood thereof: whosoever eateth it shall be cut off. <span class="ver">15</span>And every soul that eateth that which died of itself, or that which was torn with beasts, whether it be M
one of your own country, or a stranger, he shall both wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even: then shall he be clean. <span class="ver">16</span>But if he wash them not, nor bathe his flesh; then he shall bear his iniquity.
<h2 id="c18">Chapter 18</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, I am the LORD your God. <span class="ver">3</span>After the doings of the laM
nd of Egypt, wherein ye dwelt, shall ye not do: and after the doings of the land of Canaan, whither I bring you, shall ye not do: neither shall ye walk in their ordinances. <span class="ver">4</span>Ye shall do my judgments, and keep mine ordinances, to walk therein: I am the LORD your God. <span class="ver">5</span>Ye shall therefore keep my statutes, and my judgments: which if a man do, he shall live in them: I am the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>None of you shall approach to any that is near of kin M
to him, to uncover their nakedness: I am the LORD. <span class="ver">7</span>The nakedness of thy father, or the nakedness of thy mother, shalt thou not uncover: she is thy mother; thou shalt not uncover her nakedness. <span class="ver">8</span>The nakedness of thy father
s wife shalt thou not uncover: it is thy father
s nakedness. <span class="ver">9</span>The nakedness of thy sister, the daughter of thy father, or daughter of thy mother, whether she be born at home, or born abroad, even their nakedness thou sM
halt not uncover. <span class="ver">10</span>The nakedness of thy son
s daughter, or of thy daughter
s daughter, even their nakedness thou shalt not uncover: for theirs is thine own nakedness. <span class="ver">11</span>The nakedness of thy father
s daughter, begotten of thy father, she is thy sister, thou shalt not uncover her nakedness. <span class="ver">12</span>Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy father
s sister: she is thy father
s near kinswoman. <span class="ver">13</span>Thou shalM
t not uncover the nakedness of thy mother
s sister: for she is thy mother
s near kinswoman. <span class="ver">14</span>Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy father
s brother, thou shalt not approach to his wife: she is thine aunt. <span class="ver">15</span>Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy daughter in law: she is thy son
s wife; thou shalt not uncover her nakedness. <span class="ver">16</span>Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy brother
s wife: it is thy brother
n class="ver">17</span>Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of a woman and her daughter, neither shalt thou take her son
s daughter, or her daughter
s daughter, to uncover her nakedness; for they are her near kinswomen: it is wickedness. <span class="ver">18</span>Neither shalt thou take a wife to her sister, to vex her, to uncover her nakedness, beside the other in her life time. <span class="ver">19</span>Also thou shalt not approach unto a woman to uncover her nakedness, as long as she is put apart for her uM
ncleanness. <span class="ver">20</span>Moreover thou shalt not lie carnally with thy neighbour
s wife, to defile thyself with her. <span class="ver">21</span>And thou shalt not let any of thy seed pass through the fire to Molech, neither shalt thou profane the name of thy God: I am the LORD. <span class="ver">22</span>Thou shalt not lie with mankind, as with womankind: it is abomination. <span class="ver">23</span>Neither shalt thou lie with any beast to defile thyself therewith: neither shall any woman stand befM
ore a beast to lie down thereto: it is confusion. <span class="ver">24</span>Defile not ye yourselves in any of these things: for in all these the nations are defiled which I cast out before you: <span class="ver">25</span>And the land is defiled: therefore I do visit the iniquity thereof upon it, and the land itself vomiteth out her inhabitants. <span class="ver">26</span>Ye shall therefore keep my statutes and my judgments, and shall not commit any of these abominations; neither any of your own nation, nor any stM
ranger that sojourneth among you: <span class="ver">27</span>(For all these abominations have the men of the land done, which were before you, and the land is defiled;) <span class="ver">28</span>That the land spue not you out also, when ye defile it, as it spued out the nations that were before you. <span class="ver">29</span>For whosoever shall commit any of these abominations, even the souls that commit them shall be cut off from among their people. <span class="ver">30</span>Therefore shall ye keep mine ordinanM
ce, that ye commit not any one of these abominable customs, which were committed before you, and that ye defile not yourselves therein: I am the LORD your God.
<h2 id="c19">Chapter 19</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Speak unto all the congregation of the children of Israel, and say unto them, Ye shall be holy: for I the LORD your God am holy. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Ye shall fear every man his mother, and his father, and keep my saM
bbaths: I am the LORD your God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Turn ye not unto idols, nor make to yourselves molten gods: I am the LORD your God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And if ye offer a sacrifice of peace offerings unto the LORD, ye shall offer it at your own will. <span class="ver">6</span>It shall be eaten the same day ye offer it, and on the morrow: and if ought remain until the third day, it shall be burnt in the fire. <span class="ver">7</span>And if it be eaten at all on the third day, it M
is abominable; it shall not be accepted. <span class="ver">8</span>Therefore every one that eateth it shall bear his iniquity, because he hath profaned the hallowed thing of the LORD: and that soul shall be cut off from among his people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not wholly reap the corners of thy field, neither shalt thou gather the gleanings of thy harvest. <span class="ver">10</span>And thou shalt not glean thy vineyard, neither shalt thou gather evM
ery grape of thy vineyard; thou shalt leave them for the poor and stranger: I am the LORD your God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Ye shall not steal, neither deal falsely, neither lie one to another. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And ye shall not swear by my name falsely, neither shalt thou profane the name of thy God: I am the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Thou shalt not defraud thy neighbour, neither rob him: the wages of him that is hired shall not abide with thee all night until the mM
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Thou shalt not curse the deaf, nor put a stumblingblock before the blind, but shalt fear thy God: I am the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment: thou shalt not respect the person of the poor, nor honour the person of the mighty: but in righteousness shalt thou judge thy neighbour. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Thou shalt not go up and down as a talebearer among thy people: neither shalt thou stand against the blood M
of thy neighbour: I am the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Thou shalt not hate thy brother in thine heart: thou shalt in any wise rebuke thy neighbour, and not suffer sin upon him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Thou shalt not avenge, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I am the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Ye shall keep my statutes. Thou shalt not let thy cattle gender with a diverse kind: thou shalt not sow thy field M
with mingled seed: neither shall a garment mingled of linen and woollen come upon thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And whosoever lieth carnally with a woman, that is a bondmaid, betrothed to an husband, and not at all redeemed, nor freedom given her; she shall be scourged; they shall not be put to death, because she was not free. <span class="ver">21</span>And he shall bring his trespass offering unto the LORD, unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, even a ram for a trespass offering. <span M
class="ver">22</span>And the priest shall make an atonement for him with the ram of the trespass offering before the LORD for his sin which he hath done: and the sin which he hath done shall be forgiven him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And when ye shall come into the land, and shall have planted all manner of trees for food, then ye shall count the fruit thereof as uncircumcised: three years shall it be as uncircumcised unto you: it shall not be eaten of. <span class="ver">24</span>But in the fourth year aM
ll the fruit thereof shall be holy to praise the LORD withal. <span class="ver">25</span>And in the fifth year shall ye eat of the fruit thereof, that it may yield unto you the increase thereof: I am the LORD your God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>Ye shall not eat any thing with the blood: neither shall ye use enchantment, nor observe times. <span class="ver">27</span>Ye shall not round the corners of your heads, neither shalt thou mar the corners of thy beard. <span class="ver">28</span>Ye shall not make aM
ny cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor print any marks upon you: I am the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>Do not prostitute thy daughter, to cause her to be a whore; lest the land fall to whoredom, and the land become full of wickedness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>Ye shall keep my sabbaths, and reverence my sanctuary: I am the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>Regard not them that have familiar spirits, neither seek after wizards, to be defiled by them: I am the LORD your God. </pM
<p><span class="ver">32</span>Thou shalt rise up before the hoary head, and honour the face of the old man, and fear thy God: I am the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>And if a stranger sojourn with thee in your land, ye shall not vex him. <span class="ver">34</span>But the stranger that dwelleth with you shall be unto you as one born among you, and thou shalt love him as thyself; for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">35</span>Ye shall do no unM
righteousness in judgment, in meteyard, in weight, or in measure. <span class="ver">36</span>Just balances, just weights, a just ephah, and a just hin, shall ye have: I am the LORD your God, which brought you out of the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">37</span>Therefore shall ye observe all my statutes, and all my judgments, and do them: I am the LORD.
<h2 id="c20">Chapter 20</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Again, thou shalt say to the childrM
en of Israel, Whosoever he be of the children of Israel, or of the strangers that sojourn in Israel, that giveth any of his seed unto Molech; he shall surely be put to death: the people of the land shall stone him with stones. <span class="ver">3</span>And I will set my face against that man, and will cut him off from among his people; because he hath given of his seed unto Molech, to defile my sanctuary, and to profane my holy name. <span class="ver">4</span>And if the people of the land do any ways hide their eyeM
s from the man, when he giveth of his seed unto Molech, and kill him not: <span class="ver">5</span>Then I will set my face against that man, and against his family, and will cut him off, and all that go a whoring after him, to commit whoredom with Molech, from among their people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And the soul that turneth after such as have familiar spirits, and after wizards, to go a whoring after them, I will even set my face against that soul, and will cut him off from among his people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Sanctify yourselves therefore, and be ye holy: for I am the LORD your God. <span class="ver">8</span>And ye shall keep my statutes, and do them: I am the LORD which sanctify you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>For every one that curseth his father or his mother shall be surely put to death: he hath cursed his father or his mother; his blood shall be upon him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And the man that committeth adultery with another man
s wife, even he that committeM
th adultery with his neighbour
s wife, the adulterer and the adulteress shall surely be put to death. <span class="ver">11</span>And the man that lieth with his father
s wife hath uncovered his father
s nakedness: both of them shall surely be put to death; their blood shall be upon them. <span class="ver">12</span>And if a man lie with his daughter in law, both of them shall surely be put to death: they have wrought confusion; their blood shall be upon them. <span class="ver">13</span>If a man also lie with mM
ankind, as he lieth with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination: they shall surely be put to death; their blood shall be upon them. <span class="ver">14</span>And if a man take a wife and her mother, it is wickedness: they shall be burnt with fire, both he and they; that there be no wickedness among you. <span class="ver">15</span>And if a man lie with a beast, he shall surely be put to death: and ye shall slay the beast. <span class="ver">16</span>And if a woman approach unto any beast, and lie down tM
hereto, thou shalt kill the woman, and the beast: they shall surely be put to death; their blood shall be upon them. <span class="ver">17</span>And if a man shall take his sister, his father
s daughter, or his mother
s daughter, and see her nakedness, and she see his nakedness; it is a wicked thing; and they shall be cut off in the sight of their people: he hath uncovered his sister
s nakedness; he shall bear his iniquity. <span class="ver">18</span>And if a man shall lie with a woman having her sickness, andM
shall uncover her nakedness; he hath discovered her fountain, and she hath uncovered the fountain of her blood: and both of them shall be cut off from among their people. <span class="ver">19</span>And thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy mother
s sister, nor of thy father
s sister: for he uncovereth his near kin: they shall bear their iniquity. <span class="ver">20</span>And if a man shall lie with his uncle
s wife, he hath uncovered his uncle
s nakedness: they shall bear their sin; they shall die M
childless. <span class="ver">21</span>And if a man shall take his brother
s wife, it is an unclean thing: he hath uncovered his brother
s nakedness; they shall be childless. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Ye shall therefore keep all my statutes, and all my judgments, and do them: that the land, whither I bring you to dwell therein, spue you not out. <span class="ver">23</span>And ye shall not walk in the manners of the nation, which I cast out before you: for they committed all these things, and thereforeM
I abhorred them. <span class="ver">24</span>But I have said unto you, Ye shall inherit their land, and I will give it unto you to possess it, a land that floweth with milk and honey: I am the LORD your God, which have separated you from other people. <span class="ver">25</span>Ye shall therefore put difference between clean beasts and unclean, and between unclean fowls and clean: and ye shall not make your souls abominable by beast, or by fowl, or by any manner of living thing that creepeth on the ground, which I M
have separated from you as unclean. <span class="ver">26</span>And ye shall be holy unto me: for I the LORD am holy, and have severed you from other people, that ye should be mine. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>A man also or woman that hath a familiar spirit, or that is a wizard, shall surely be put to death: they shall stone them with stones: their blood shall be upon them.
<h2 id="c21">Chapter 21</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD said unto Moses, Speak unto the priests the sons of Aaron,M
and say unto them, There shall none be defiled for the dead among his people: <span class="ver">2</span>But for his kin, that is near unto him, that is, for his mother, and for his father, and for his son, and for his daughter, and for his brother, <span class="ver">3</span>And for his sister a virgin, that is nigh unto him, which hath had no husband; for her may he be defiled. <span class="ver">4</span>But he shall not defile himself, being a chief man among his people, to profane himself. <span class="ver">5</spM
an>They shall not make baldness upon their head, neither shall they shave off the corner of their beard, nor make any cuttings in their flesh. <span class="ver">6</span>They shall be holy unto their God, and not profane the name of their God: for the offerings of the LORD made by fire, and the bread of their God, they do offer: therefore they shall be holy. <span class="ver">7</span>They shall not take a wife that is a whore, or profane; neither shall they take a woman put away from her husband: for he is holy untoM
his God. <span class="ver">8</span>Thou shalt sanctify him therefore; for he offereth the bread of thy God: he shall be holy unto thee: for I the LORD, which sanctify you, am holy. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And the daughter of any priest, if she profane herself by playing the whore, she profaneth her father: she shall be burnt with fire. <span class="ver">10</span>And he that is the high priest among his brethren, upon whose head the anointing oil was poured, and that is consecrated to put on the garmentM
s, shall not uncover his head, nor rend his clothes; <span class="ver">11</span>Neither shall he go in to any dead body, nor defile himself for his father, or for his mother; <span class="ver">12</span>Neither shall he go out of the sanctuary, nor profane the sanctuary of his God; for the crown of the anointing oil of his God is upon him: I am the LORD. <span class="ver">13</span>And he shall take a wife in her virginity. <span class="ver">14</span>A widow, or a divorced woman, or profane, or an harlot, these shallM
he not take: but he shall take a virgin of his own people to wife. <span class="ver">15</span>Neither shall he profane his seed among his people: for I the LORD do sanctify him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">17</span>Speak unto Aaron, saying, Whosoever he be of thy seed in their generations that hath any blemish, let him not approach to offer the bread of his God. <span class="ver">18</span>For whatsoever man he be that hath a blemish, he shall not apM
proach: a blind man, or a lame, or he that hath a flat nose, or any thing superfluous, <span class="ver">19</span>Or a man that is brokenfooted, or brokenhanded, <span class="ver">20</span>Or crookbackt, or a dwarf, or that hath a blemish in his eye, or be scurvy, or scabbed, or hath his stones broken; <span class="ver">21</span>No man that hath a blemish of the seed of Aaron the priest shall come nigh to offer the offerings of the LORD made by fire: he hath a blemish; he shall not come nigh to offer the bread of hM
is God. <span class="ver">22</span>He shall eat the bread of his God, both of the most holy, and of the holy. <span class="ver">23</span>Only he shall not go in unto the vail, nor come nigh unto the altar, because he hath a blemish; that he profane not my sanctuaries: for I the LORD do sanctify them. <span class="ver">24</span>And Moses told it unto Aaron, and to his sons, and unto all the children of Israel.
<h2 id="c22">Chapter 22</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <spaM
n class="ver">2</span>Speak unto Aaron and to his sons, that they separate themselves from the holy things of the children of Israel, and that they profane not my holy name in those things which they hallow unto me: I am the LORD. <span class="ver">3</span>Say unto them, Whosoever he be of all your seed among your generations, that goeth unto the holy things, which the children of Israel hallow unto the LORD, having his uncleanness upon him, that soul shall be cut off from my presence: I am the LORD. <span class="vM
er">4</span>What man soever of the seed of Aaron is a leper, or hath a running issue; he shall not eat of the holy things, until he be clean. And whoso toucheth any thing that is unclean by the dead, or a man whose seed goeth from him; <span class="ver">5</span>Or whosoever toucheth any creeping thing, whereby he may be made unclean, or a man of whom he may take uncleanness, whatsoever uncleanness he hath; <span class="ver">6</span>The soul which hath touched any such shall be unclean until even, and shall not eat M
of the holy things, unless he wash his flesh with water. <span class="ver">7</span>And when the sun is down, he shall be clean, and shall afterward eat of the holy things; because it is his food. <span class="ver">8</span>That which dieth of itself, or is torn with beasts, he shall not eat to defile himself therewith: I am the LORD. <span class="ver">9</span>They shall therefore keep mine ordinance, lest they bear sin for it, and die therefore, if they profane it: I the LORD do sanctify them. <span class="ver">10</M
span>There shall no stranger eat of the holy thing: a sojourner of the priest, or an hired servant, shall not eat of the holy thing. <span class="ver">11</span>But if the priest buy any soul with his money, he shall eat of it, and he that is born in his house: they shall eat of his meat. <span class="ver">12</span>If the priest
s daughter also be married unto a stranger, she may not eat of an offering of the holy things. <span class="ver">13</span>But if the priest
s daughter be a widow, or divorced, and have nM
o child, and is returned unto her father
s house, as in her youth, she shall eat of her father
s meat: but there shall no stranger eat thereof. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And if a man eat of the holy thing unwittingly, then he shall put the fifth part thereof unto it, and shall give it unto the priest with the holy thing. <span class="ver">15</span>And they shall not profane the holy things of the children of Israel, which they offer unto the LORD; <span class="ver">16</span>Or suffer them to bear theM
iniquity of trespass, when they eat their holy things: for I the LORD do sanctify them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">18</span>Speak unto Aaron, and to his sons, and unto all the children of Israel, and say unto them, Whatsoever he be of the house of Israel, or of the strangers in Israel, that will offer his oblation for all his vows, and for all his freewill offerings, which they will offer unto the LORD for a burnt offering; <span class="ver">19</spM
an>Ye shall offer at your own will a male without blemish, of the beeves, of the sheep, or of the goats. <span class="ver">20</span>But whatsoever hath a blemish, that shall ye not offer: for it shall not be acceptable for you. <span class="ver">21</span>And whosoever offereth a sacrifice of peace offerings unto the LORD to accomplish his vow, or a freewill offering in beeves or sheep, it shall be perfect to be accepted; there shall be no blemish therein. <span class="ver">22</span>Blind, or broken, or maimed, or hM
aving a wen, or scurvy, or scabbed, ye shall not offer these unto the LORD, nor make an offering by fire of them upon the altar unto the LORD. <span class="ver">23</span>Either a bullock or a lamb that hath any thing superfluous or lacking in his parts, that mayest thou offer for a freewill offering; but for a vow it shall not be accepted. <span class="ver">24</span>Ye shall not offer unto the LORD that which is bruised, or crushed, or broken, or cut; neither shall ye make any offering thereof in your land. <span cM
lass="ver">25</span>Neither from a stranger
s hand shall ye offer the bread of your God of any of these; because their corruption is in them, and blemishes be in them: they shall not be accepted for you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">27</span>When a bullock, or a sheep, or a goat, is brought forth, then it shall be seven days under the dam; and from the eighth day and thenceforth it shall be accepted for an offering made by fire unto the LORD. <span M
class="ver">28</span>And whether it be cow or ewe, ye shall not kill it and her young both in one day. <span class="ver">29</span>And when ye will offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving unto the LORD, offer it at your own will. <span class="ver">30</span>On the same day it shall be eaten up; ye shall leave none of it until the morrow: I am the LORD. <span class="ver">31</span>Therefore shall ye keep my commandments, and do them: I am the LORD. <span class="ver">32</span>Neither shall ye profane my holy name; but I will M
be hallowed among the children of Israel: I am the LORD which hallow you, <span class="ver">33</span>That brought you out of the land of Egypt, to be your God: I am the LORD.
<h2 id="c23">Chapter 23</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, Concerning the feasts of the LORD, which ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations, even these are my feasts. <span class="ver">3</span>Six days shall work be donM
e: but the seventh day is the sabbath of rest, an holy convocation; ye shall do no work therein: it is the sabbath of the LORD in all your dwellings. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>These are the feasts of the LORD, even holy convocations, which ye shall proclaim in their seasons. <span class="ver">5</span>In the fourteenth day of the first month at even is the LORD
s passover. <span class="ver">6</span>And on the fifteenth day of the same month is the feast of unleavened bread unto the LORD: seven days ye muM
st eat unleavened bread. <span class="ver">7</span>In the first day ye shall have an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work therein. <span class="ver">8</span>But ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD seven days: in the seventh day is an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work therein. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">10</span>Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye be come into the land which I give unto M
you, and shall reap the harvest thereof, then ye shall bring a sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest unto the priest: <span class="ver">11</span>And he shall wave the sheaf before the LORD, to be accepted for you: on the morrow after the sabbath the priest shall wave it. <span class="ver">12</span>And ye shall offer that day when ye wave the sheaf an he lamb without blemish of the first year for a burnt offering unto the LORD. <span class="ver">13</span>And the meat offering thereof shall be two tenth deals of fM
ine flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire unto the LORD for a sweet savour: and the drink offering thereof shall be of wine, the fourth part of an hin. <span class="ver">14</span>And ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn, nor green ears, until the selfsame day that ye have brought an offering unto your God: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And ye shall count unto you from the morrow after the sabbath, from the daM
y that ye brought the sheaf of the wave offering; seven sabbaths shall be complete: <span class="ver">16</span>Even unto the morrow after the seventh sabbath shall ye number fifty days; and ye shall offer a new meat offering unto the LORD. <span class="ver">17</span>Ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave loaves of two tenth deals: they shall be of fine flour; they shall be baken with leaven; they are the firstfruits unto the LORD. <span class="ver">18</span>And ye shall offer with the bread seven lambs witM
hout blemish of the first year, and one young bullock, and two rams: they shall be for a burnt offering unto the LORD, with their meat offering, and their drink offerings, even an offering made by fire, of sweet savour unto the LORD. <span class="ver">19</span>Then ye shall sacrifice one kid of the goats for a sin offering, and two lambs of the first year for a sacrifice of peace offerings. <span class="ver">20</span>And the priest shall wave them with the bread of the firstfruits for a wave offering before the LORM
D, with the two lambs: they shall be holy to the LORD for the priest. <span class="ver">21</span>And ye shall proclaim on the selfsame day, that it may be an holy convocation unto you: ye shall do no servile work therein: it shall be a statute for ever in all your dwellings throughout your generations. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field when thou reapest, neither shalt thou gather any gleaning of thy harvest:M
thou shalt leave them unto the poor, and to the stranger: I am the LORD your God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">24</span>Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, In the seventh month, in the first day of the month, shall ye have a sabbath, a memorial of blowing of trumpets, an holy convocation. <span class="ver">25</span>Ye shall do no servile work therein: but ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</spM
an>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">27</span>Also on the tenth day of this seventh month there shall be a day of atonement: it shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall afflict your souls, and offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD. <span class="ver">28</span>And ye shall do no work in that same day: for it is a day of atonement, to make an atonement for you before the LORD your God. <span class="ver">29</span>For whatsoever soul it be that shall not be afflicted in that sameM
day, he shall be cut off from among his people. <span class="ver">30</span>And whatsoever soul it be that doeth any work in that same day, the same soul will I destroy from among his people. <span class="ver">31</span>Ye shall do no manner of work: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings. <span class="ver">32</span>It shall be unto you a sabbath of rest, and ye shall afflict your souls: in the ninth day of the month at even, from even unto even, shall ye celebrate your sabbM
<p><span class="ver">33</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">34</span>Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, The fifteenth day of this seventh month shall be the feast of tabernacles for seven days unto the LORD. <span class="ver">35</span>On the first day shall be an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work therein. <span class="ver">36</span>Seven days ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD: on the eighth day shall be an holy convocation unto you; and M
ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD: it is a solemn assembly; and ye shall do no servile work therein. <span class="ver">37</span>These are the feasts of the LORD, which ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations, to offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD, a burnt offering, and a meat offering, a sacrifice, and drink offerings, every thing upon his day: <span class="ver">38</span>Beside the sabbaths of the LORD, and beside your gifts, and beside all your vows, and beside all your freewill offM
erings, which ye give unto the LORD. <span class="ver">39</span>Also in the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when ye have gathered in the fruit of the land, ye shall keep a feast unto the LORD seven days: on the first day shall be a sabbath, and on the eighth day shall be a sabbath. <span class="ver">40</span>And ye shall take you on the first day the boughs of goodly trees, branches of palm trees, and the boughs of thick trees, and willows of the brook; and ye shall rejoice before the LORD your God seven days. M
<span class="ver">41</span>And ye shall keep it a feast unto the LORD seven days in the year. It shall be a statute for ever in your generations: ye shall celebrate it in the seventh month. <span class="ver">42</span>Ye shall dwell in booths seven days; all that are Israelites born shall dwell in booths: <span class="ver">43</span>That your generations may know that I made the children of Israel to dwell in booths, when I brought them out of the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God. <span class="ver">44</span>And M
Moses declared unto the children of Israel the feasts of the LORD.
<h2 id="c24">Chapter 24</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Command the children of Israel, that they bring unto thee pure oil olive beaten for the light, to cause the lamps to burn continually. <span class="ver">3</span>Without the vail of the testimony, in the tabernacle of the congregation, shall Aaron order it from the evening unto the morning before the LORD continually: it shM
all be a statute for ever in your generations. <span class="ver">4</span>He shall order the lamps upon the pure candlestick before the LORD continually. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And thou shalt take fine flour, and bake twelve cakes thereof: two tenth deals shall be in one cake. <span class="ver">6</span>And thou shalt set them in two rows, six on a row, upon the pure table before the LORD. <span class="ver">7</span>And thou shalt put pure frankincense upon each row, that it may be on the bread for a memoM
rial, even an offering made by fire unto the LORD. <span class="ver">8</span>Every sabbath he shall set it in order before the LORD continually, being taken from the children of Israel by an everlasting covenant. <span class="ver">9</span>And it shall be Aaron
; and they shall eat it in the holy place: for it is most holy unto him of the offerings of the LORD made by fire by a perpetual statute. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And the son of an Israelitish woman, whose father was an EgyptianM
, went out among the children of Israel: and this son of the Israelitish woman and a man of Israel strove together in the camp; <span class="ver">11</span>And the Israelitish woman
s son blasphemed the name of the LORD, and cursed. And they brought him unto Moses: (and his mother
s name was Shelomith, the daughter of Dibri, of the tribe of Dan:) <span class="ver">12</span>And they put him in ward, that the mind of the LORD might be shewed them. <span class="ver">13</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <M
span class="ver">14</span>Bring forth him that hath cursed without the camp; and let all that heard him lay their hands upon his head, and let all the congregation stone him. <span class="ver">15</span>And thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel, saying, Whosoever curseth his God shall bear his sin. <span class="ver">16</span>And he that blasphemeth the name of the LORD, he shall surely be put to death, and all the congregation shall certainly stone him: as well the stranger, as he that is born in the land, whM
en he blasphemeth the name of the LORD, shall be put to death. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And he that killeth any man shall surely be put to death. <span class="ver">18</span>And he that killeth a beast shall make it good; beast for beast. <span class="ver">19</span>And if a man cause a blemish in his neighbour; as he hath done, so shall it be done to him; <span class="ver">20</span>Breach for breach, eye for eye, tooth for tooth: as he hath caused a blemish in a man, so shall it be done to him again. <spM
an class="ver">21</span>And he that killeth a beast, he shall restore it: and he that killeth a man, he shall be put to death. <span class="ver">22</span>Ye shall have one manner of law, as well for the stranger, as for one of your own country: for I am the LORD your God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And Moses spake to the children of Israel, that they should bring forth him that had cursed out of the camp, and stone him with stones. And the children of Israel did as the LORD commanded Moses.
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses in mount Sinai, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye come into the land which I give you, then shall the land keep a sabbath unto the LORD. <span class="ver">3</span>Six years thou shalt sow thy field, and six years thou shalt prune thy vineyard, and gather in the fruit thereof; <span class="ver">4</span>But in the seventh year shall be a sabbath of rest unto the land, a sabbathM
for the LORD: thou shalt neither sow thy field, nor prune thy vineyard. <span class="ver">5</span>That which groweth of its own accord of thy harvest thou shalt not reap, neither gather the grapes of thy vine undressed: for it is a year of rest unto the land. <span class="ver">6</span>And the sabbath of the land shall be meat for you; for thee, and for thy servant, and for thy maid, and for thy hired servant, and for thy stranger that sojourneth with thee, <span class="ver">7</span>And for thy cattle, and for the M
beast that are in thy land, shall all the increase thereof be meat. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And thou shalt number seven sabbaths of years unto thee, seven times seven years; and the space of the seven sabbaths of years shall be unto thee forty and nine years. <span class="ver">9</span>Then shalt thou cause the trumpet of the jubile to sound on the tenth day of the seventh month, in the day of atonement shall ye make the trumpet sound throughout all your land. <span class="ver">10</span>And ye shall hallM
ow the fiftieth year, and proclaim liberty throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof: it shall be a jubile unto you; and ye shall return every man unto his possession, and ye shall return every man unto his family. <span class="ver">11</span>A jubile shall that fiftieth year be unto you: ye shall not sow, neither reap that which groweth of itself in it, nor gather the grapes in it of thy vine undressed. <span class="ver">12</span>For it is the jubile; it shall be holy unto you: ye shall eat the increM
ase thereof out of the field. <span class="ver">13</span>In the year of this jubile ye shall return every man unto his possession. <span class="ver">14</span>And if thou sell ought unto thy neighbour, or buyest ought of thy neighbour
s hand, ye shall not oppress one another: <span class="ver">15</span>According to the number of years after the jubile thou shalt buy of thy neighbour, and according unto the number of years of the fruits he shall sell unto thee: <span class="ver">16</span>According to the multitude M
of years thou shalt increase the price thereof, and according to the fewness of years thou shalt diminish the price of it: for according to the number of the years of the fruits doth he sell unto thee. <span class="ver">17</span>Ye shall not therefore oppress one another; but thou shalt fear thy God: for I am the LORD your God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Wherefore ye shall do my statutes, and keep my judgments, and do them; and ye shall dwell in the land in safety. <span class="ver">19</span>And the land M
shall yield her fruit, and ye shall eat your fill, and dwell therein in safety. <span class="ver">20</span>And if ye shall say, What shall we eat the seventh year? behold, we shall not sow, nor gather in our increase: <span class="ver">21</span>Then I will command my blessing upon you in the sixth year, and it shall bring forth fruit for three years. <span class="ver">22</span>And ye shall sow the eighth year, and eat yet of old fruit until the ninth year; until her fruits come in ye shall eat of the old store. </pM
<p><span class="ver">23</span>The land shall not be sold for ever: for the land is mine; for ye are strangers and sojourners with me. <span class="ver">24</span>And in all the land of your possession ye shall grant a redemption for the land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>If thy brother be waxen poor, and hath sold away some of his possession, and if any of his kin come to redeem it, then shall he redeem that which his brother sold. <span class="ver">26</span>And if the man have none to redeem it, and himM
self be able to redeem it; <span class="ver">27</span>Then let him count the years of the sale thereof, and restore the overplus unto the man to whom he sold it; that he may return unto his possession. <span class="ver">28</span>But if he be not able to restore it to him, then that which is sold shall remain in the hand of him that hath bought it until the year of jubile: and in the jubile it shall go out, and he shall return unto his possession. <span class="ver">29</span>And if a man sell a dwelling house in a waM
lled city, then he may redeem it within a whole year after it is sold; within a full year may he redeem it. <span class="ver">30</span>And if it be not redeemed within the space of a full year, then the house that is in the walled city shall be established for ever to him that bought it throughout his generations: it shall not go out in the jubile. <span class="ver">31</span>But the houses of the villages which have no wall round about them shall be counted as the fields of the country: they may be redeemed, and thM
ey shall go out in the jubile. <span class="ver">32</span>Notwithstanding the cities of the Levites, and the houses of the cities of their possession, may the Levites redeem at any time. <span class="ver">33</span>And if a man purchase of the Levites, then the house that was sold, and the city of his possession, shall go out in the year of jubile: for the houses of the cities of the Levites are their possession among the children of Israel. <span class="ver">34</span>But the field of the suburbs of their cities mayM
not be sold; for it is their perpetual possession. </p>
<p><span class="ver">35</span>And if thy brother be waxen poor, and fallen in decay with thee; then thou shalt relieve him: yea, though he be a stranger, or a sojourner; that he may live with thee. <span class="ver">36</span>Take thou no usury of him, or increase: but fear thy God; that thy brother may live with thee. <span class="ver">37</span>Thou shalt not give him thy money upon usury, nor lend him thy victuals for increase. <span class="ver">38</span>IM
am the LORD your God, which brought you forth out of the land of Egypt, to give you the land of Canaan, and to be your God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">39</span>And if thy brother that dwelleth by thee be waxen poor, and be sold unto thee; thou shalt not compel him to serve as a bondservant: <span class="ver">40</span>But as an hired servant, and as a sojourner, he shall be with thee, and shall serve thee unto the year of jubile: <span class="ver">41</span>And then shall he depart from thee, both he and his childrM
en with him, and shall return unto his own family, and unto the possession of his fathers shall he return. <span class="ver">42</span>For they are my servants, which I brought forth out of the land of Egypt: they shall not be sold as bondmen. <span class="ver">43</span>Thou shalt not rule over him with rigour; but shalt fear thy God. <span class="ver">44</span>Both thy bondmen, and thy bondmaids, which thou shalt have, shall be of the heathen that are round about you; of them shall ye buy bondmen and bondmaids. <spM
an class="ver">45</span>Moreover of the children of the strangers that do sojourn among you, of them shall ye buy, and of their families that are with you, which they begat in your land: and they shall be your possession. <span class="ver">46</span>And ye shall take them as an inheritance for your children after you, to inherit them for a possession; they shall be your bondmen for ever: but over your brethren the children of Israel, ye shall not rule one over another with rigour. </p>
<p><span class="ver">47</spaM
n>And if a sojourner or stranger wax rich by thee, and thy brother that dwelleth by him wax poor, and sell himself unto the stranger or sojourner by thee, or to the stock of the stranger
s family: <span class="ver">48</span>After that he is sold he may be redeemed again; one of his brethren may redeem him: <span class="ver">49</span>Either his uncle, or his uncle
s son, may redeem him, or any that is nigh of kin unto him of his family may redeem him; or if he be able, he may redeem himself. <span class="ver">50M
</span>And he shall reckon with him that bought him from the year that he was sold to him unto the year of jubile: and the price of his sale shall be according unto the number of years, according to the time of an hired servant shall it be with him. <span class="ver">51</span>If there be yet many years behind, according unto them he shall give again the price of his redemption out of the money that he was bought for. <span class="ver">52</span>And if there remain but few years unto the year of jubile, then he shallM
count with him, and according unto his years shall he give him again the price of his redemption. <span class="ver">53</span>And as a yearly hired servant shall he be with him: and the other shall not rule with rigour over him in thy sight. <span class="ver">54</span>And if he be not redeemed in these years, then he shall go out in the year of jubile, both he, and his children with him. <span class="ver">55</span>For unto me the children of Israel are servants; they are my servants whom I brought forth out of the M
land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God.
<h2 id="c26">Chapter 26</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Ye shall make you no idols nor graven image, neither rear you up a standing image, neither shall ye set up any image of stone in your land, to bow down unto it: for I am the LORD your God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Ye shall keep my sabbaths, and reverence my sanctuary: I am the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>If ye walk in my statutes, and keep my commandments, and do them; <span class="ver">4<M
/span>Then I will give you rain in due season, and the land shall yield her increase, and the trees of the field shall yield their fruit. <span class="ver">5</span>And your threshing shall reach unto the vintage, and the vintage shall reach unto the sowing time: and ye shall eat your bread to the full, and dwell in your land safely. <span class="ver">6</span>And I will give peace in the land, and ye shall lie down, and none shall make you afraid: and I will rid evil beasts out of the land, neither shall the sword gM
o through your land. <span class="ver">7</span>And ye shall chase your enemies, and they shall fall before you by the sword. <span class="ver">8</span>And five of you shall chase an hundred, and an hundred of you shall put ten thousand to flight: and your enemies shall fall before you by the sword. <span class="ver">9</span>For I will have respect unto you, and make you fruitful, and multiply you, and establish my covenant with you. <span class="ver">10</span>And ye shall eat old store, and bring forth the old becaM
use of the new. <span class="ver">11</span>And I will set my tabernacle among you: and my soul shall not abhor you. <span class="ver">12</span>And I will walk among you, and will be your God, and ye shall be my people. <span class="ver">13</span>I am the LORD your God, which brought you forth out of the land of Egypt, that ye should not be their bondmen; and I have broken the bands of your yoke, and made you go upright. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>But if ye will not hearken unto me, and will not do all theM
se commandments; <span class="ver">15</span>And if ye shall despise my statutes, or if your soul abhor my judgments, so that ye will not do all my commandments, but that ye break my covenant: <span class="ver">16</span>I also will do this unto you; I will even appoint over you terror, consumption, and the burning ague, that shall consume the eyes, and cause sorrow of heart: and ye shall sow your seed in vain, for your enemies shall eat it. <span class="ver">17</span>And I will set my face against you, and ye shall M
be slain before your enemies: they that hate you shall reign over you; and ye shall flee when none pursueth you. <span class="ver">18</span>And if ye will not yet for all this hearken unto me, then I will punish you seven times more for your sins. <span class="ver">19</span>And I will break the pride of your power; and I will make your heaven as iron, and your earth as brass: <span class="ver">20</span>And your strength shall be spent in vain: for your land shall not yield her increase, neither shall the trees of tM
he land yield their fruits. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And if ye walk contrary unto me, and will not hearken unto me; I will bring seven times more plagues upon you according to your sins. <span class="ver">22</span>I will also send wild beasts among you, which shall rob you of your children, and destroy your cattle, and make you few in number; and your high ways shall be desolate. <span class="ver">23</span>And if ye will not be reformed by me by these things, but will walk contrary unto me; <span class=M
"ver">24</span>Then will I also walk contrary unto you, and will punish you yet seven times for your sins. <span class="ver">25</span>And I will bring a sword upon you, that shall avenge the quarrel of my covenant: and when ye are gathered together within your cities, I will send the pestilence among you; and ye shall be delivered into the hand of the enemy. <span class="ver">26</span>And when I have broken the staff of your bread, ten women shall bake your bread in one oven, and they shall deliver you your bread aM
gain by weight: and ye shall eat, and not be satisfied. <span class="ver">27</span>And if ye will not for all this hearken unto me, but walk contrary unto me; <span class="ver">28</span>Then I will walk contrary unto you also in fury; and I, even I, will chastise you seven times for your sins. <span class="ver">29</span>And ye shall eat the flesh of your sons, and the flesh of your daughters shall ye eat. <span class="ver">30</span>And I will destroy your high places, and cut down your images, and cast your carcaseM
s upon the carcases of your idols, and my soul shall abhor you. <span class="ver">31</span>And I will make your cities waste, and bring your sanctuaries unto desolation, and I will not smell the savour of your sweet odours. <span class="ver">32</span>And I will bring the land into desolation: and your enemies which dwell therein shall be astonished at it. <span class="ver">33</span>And I will scatter you among the heathen, and will draw out a sword after you: and your land shall be desolate, and your cities waste. M
<span class="ver">34</span>Then shall the land enjoy her sabbaths, as long as it lieth desolate, and ye be in your enemies
land; even then shall the land rest, and enjoy her sabbaths. <span class="ver">35</span>As long as it lieth desolate it shall rest; because it did not rest in your sabbaths, when ye dwelt upon it. <span class="ver">36</span>And upon them that are left alive of you I will send a faintness into their hearts in the lands of their enemies; and the sound of a shaken leaf shall chase them; and theM
y shall flee, as fleeing from a sword; and they shall fall when none pursueth. <span class="ver">37</span>And they shall fall one upon another, as it were before a sword, when none pursueth: and ye shall have no power to stand before your enemies. <span class="ver">38</span>And ye shall perish among the heathen, and the land of your enemies shall eat you up. <span class="ver">39</span>And they that are left of you shall pine away in their iniquity in your enemies
lands; and also in the iniquities of their fatherM
s shall they pine away with them. <span class="ver">40</span>If they shall confess their iniquity, and the iniquity of their fathers, with their trespass which they trespassed against me, and that also they have walked contrary unto me; <span class="ver">41</span>And that I also have walked contrary unto them, and have brought them into the land of their enemies; if then their uncircumcised hearts be humbled, and they then accept of the punishment of their iniquity: <span class="ver">42</span>Then will I remember mM
y covenant with Jacob, and also my covenant with Isaac, and also my covenant with Abraham will I remember; and I will remember the land. <span class="ver">43</span>The land also shall be left of them, and shall enjoy her sabbaths, while she lieth desolate without them: and they shall accept of the punishment of their iniquity: because, even because they despised my judgments, and because their soul abhorred my statutes. <span class="ver">44</span>And yet for all that, when they be in the land of their enemies, I wiM
ll not cast them away, neither will I abhor them, to destroy them utterly, and to break my covenant with them: for I am the LORD their God. <span class="ver">45</span>But I will for their sakes remember the covenant of their ancestors, whom I brought forth out of the land of Egypt in the sight of the heathen, that I might be their God: I am the LORD. <span class="ver">46</span>These are the statutes and judgments and laws, which the LORD made between him and the children of Israel in mount Sinai by the hand of MoseM
<h2 id="c27">Chapter 27</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When a man shall make a singular vow, the persons shall be for the LORD by thy estimation. <span class="ver">3</span>And thy estimation shall be of the male from twenty years old even unto sixty years old, even thy estimation shall be fifty shekels of silver, after the shekel of the sanctuary. <span class="ver">4</span>And if it be M
a female, then thy estimation shall be thirty shekels. <span class="ver">5</span>And if it be from five years old even unto twenty years old, then thy estimation shall be of the male twenty shekels, and for the female ten shekels. <span class="ver">6</span>And if it be from a month old even unto five years old, then thy estimation shall be of the male five shekels of silver, and for the female thy estimation shall be three shekels of silver. <span class="ver">7</span>And if it be from sixty years old and above; if M
it be a male, then thy estimation shall be fifteen shekels, and for the female ten shekels. <span class="ver">8</span>But if he be poorer than thy estimation, then he shall present himself before the priest, and the priest shall value him; according to his ability that vowed shall the priest value him. <span class="ver">9</span>And if it be a beast, whereof men bring an offering unto the LORD, all that any man giveth of such unto the LORD shall be holy. <span class="ver">10</span>He shall not alter it, nor change iM
t, a good for a bad, or a bad for a good: and if he shall at all change beast for beast, then it and the exchange thereof shall be holy. <span class="ver">11</span>And if it be any unclean beast, of which they do not offer a sacrifice unto the LORD, then he shall present the beast before the priest: <span class="ver">12</span>And the priest shall value it, whether it be good or bad: as thou valuest it, who art the priest, so shall it be. <span class="ver">13</span>But if he will at all redeem it, then he shall add M
a fifth part thereof unto thy estimation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And when a man shall sanctify his house to be holy unto the LORD, then the priest shall estimate it, whether it be good or bad: as the priest shall estimate it, so shall it stand. <span class="ver">15</span>And if he that sanctified it will redeem his house, then he shall add the fifth part of the money of thy estimation unto it, and it shall be his. <span class="ver">16</span>And if a man shall sanctify unto the LORD some part of a fielM
d of his possession, then thy estimation shall be according to the seed thereof: an homer of barley seed shall be valued at fifty shekels of silver. <span class="ver">17</span>If he sanctify his field from the year of jubile, according to thy estimation it shall stand. <span class="ver">18</span>But if he sanctify his field after the jubile, then the priest shall reckon unto him the money according to the years that remain, even unto the year of the jubile, and it shall be abated from thy estimation. <span class="vM
er">19</span>And if he that sanctified the field will in any wise redeem it, then he shall add the fifth part of the money of thy estimation unto it, and it shall be assured to him. <span class="ver">20</span>And if he will not redeem the field, or if he have sold the field to another man, it shall not be redeemed any more. <span class="ver">21</span>But the field, when it goeth out in the jubile, shall be holy unto the LORD, as a field devoted; the possession thereof shall be the priest
s. <span class="ver">22</M
span>And if a man sanctify unto the LORD a field which he hath bought, which is not of the fields of his possession; <span class="ver">23</span>Then the priest shall reckon unto him the worth of thy estimation, even unto the year of the jubile: and he shall give thine estimation in that day, as a holy thing unto the LORD. <span class="ver">24</span>In the year of the jubile the field shall return unto him of whom it was bought, even to him to whom the possession of the land did belong. <span class="ver">25</span>AnM
d all thy estimations shall be according to the shekel of the sanctuary: twenty gerahs shall be the shekel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>Only the firstling of the beasts, which should be the LORD
s firstling, no man shall sanctify it; whether it be ox, or sheep: it is the LORD
s. <span class="ver">27</span>And if it be of an unclean beast, then he shall redeem it according to thine estimation, and shall add a fifth part of it thereto: or if it be not redeemed, then it shall be sold according to thy estiM
mation. <span class="ver">28</span>Notwithstanding no devoted thing, that a man shall devote unto the LORD of all that he hath, both of man and beast, and of the field of his possession, shall be sold or redeemed: every devoted thing is most holy unto the LORD. <span class="ver">29</span>None devoted, which shall be devoted of men, shall be redeemed; but shall surely be put to death. <span class="ver">30</span>And all the tithe of the land, whether of the seed of the land, or of the fruit of the tree, is the LORD
s: it is holy unto the LORD. <span class="ver">31</span>And if a man will at all redeem ought of his tithes, he shall add thereto the fifth part thereof. <span class="ver">32</span>And concerning the tithe of the herd, or of the flock, even of whatsoever passeth under the rod, the tenth shall be holy unto the LORD. <span class="ver">33</span>He shall not search whether it be good or bad, neither shall he change it: and if he change it at all, then both it and the change thereof shall be holy; it shall not be redeeM
med. <span class="ver">34</span>These are the commandments, which the LORD commanded Moses for the children of Israel in mount Sinai. </p>
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<title> Bitcoin v0.1 released
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<h1>Bitcoin v0.1 released</h1>
<b>Hal Finney</b>
<a href="mailto:cryptM
ography%40metzdowd.com?Subject=Re%3A%20Bitcoin%20v0.1%20released&In-Reply-To=%3C20090111022201.C084C14F6E1%40finney.org%3E" title="Bitcoin v0.1 released">hal at finney.org
<i>Sat Jan 10 21:22:01 EST 2009</i>
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<pre>Satoshi Nakamoto writes:
><i> Announcing the first release of Bitcoin, a new electronic cash
</i>><i> system that uses a peer-to-peer network to prevent double-spending.
</i>><i> It's completely decentralized with no server or central authority.
</i>><i> See bitcoin.org for screenshots.
</i>><i> Download link:
</i>><i> <a href="http://downloads.souM
rceforge.net/bitcoin/bitcoin-0.1.0.rar">http://downloads.sourceforge.net/bitcoin/bitcoin-0.1.0.rar</a>
Congratulations to Satoshi on this first alpha release. I am looking
forward to trying it out.
><i> Total circulation will be 21,000,000 coins. It'll be distributed
</i>><i> to network nodes when they make blocks, with the amount cut in half
</i>><i> every 4 years.
</i>><i> first 4 years: 10,500,000 coins
</i>><i> next 4 years: 5,250,000 coins
</i>><i> next 4 years: 2,625,000 M
</i>><i> next 4 years: 1,312,500 coins
It's interesting that the system can be configured to only allow a
certain maximum number of coins ever to be generated. I guess the
idea is that the amount of work needed to generate a new coin will
become more difficult as time goes on.
One immediate problem with any new currency is how to value it. Even
ignoring the practical problem that virtually no one will accept it
at first, there is still a difficulty in coming up with a reasonable
gument in favor of a particular non-zero value for the coins.
As an amusing thought experiment, imagine that Bitcoin is successful and
becomes the dominant payment system in use throughout the world. Then the
total value of the currency should be equal to the total value of all
the wealth in the world. Current estimates of total worldwide household
wealth that I have found range from $100 trillion to $300 trillion. With
20 million coins, that gives each coin a value of about $10 million.
So the possibility of geM
nerating coins today with a few cents of compute
time may be quite a good bet, with a payoff of something like 100 million
to 1! Even if the odds of Bitcoin succeeding to this degree are slim,
are they really 100 million to one against? Something to think about...
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text/plain;charset=utf-8
Now when Dawn in robe of saffron was hasting from the streams of
Oceanus, to bring light to mortals and immortals, Thetis reached the
ships with the armour that the god had given her. She found her son
fallen about the body of Patroclus and weeping bitterly. Many also
of his followers were weeping round him, but when the goddess came
among them she clasped his hand in her own, saying, "My son, grieve
as we may we must let this man lie, for it is by heavenM
he has fallen; now, therefore, accept from Vulcan this rich and goodly
armour, which no man has ever yet borne upon his shoulders."
As she spoke she set the armour before Achilles, and it rang out bravely
as she did so. The Myrmidons were struck with awe, and none dared
look full at it, for they were afraid; but Achilles was roused to
still greater fury, and his eyes gleamed with a fierce light, for
he was glad when he handled the splendid present which the god had
made him. Then, as soon as M
he had satisfied himself with looking at
it, he said to his mother, "Mother, the god has given me armour, meet
handiwork for an immortal and such as no living could have fashioned;
I will now arm, but I much fear that flies will settle upon the son
of Menoetius and breed worms about his wounds, so that his body, now
he is dead, will be disfigured and the flesh will rot."
Silver-footed Thetis answered, "My son, be not disquieted about this
matter. I will find means to protect him from the swarms of noisomeM
flies that prey on the bodies of men who have been killed in battle.
He may lie for a whole year, and his flesh shall still be as sound
as ever, or even sounder. Call, therefore, the Achaean heroes in assembly;
unsay your anger against Agamemnon; arm at once, and fight with might
As she spoke she put strength and courage into his heart, and she
then dropped ambrosia and red nectar into the wounds of Patroclus,
that his body might suffer no change.
Then Achilles went out upon the seashore,M
and with a loud cry called
on the Achaean heroes. On this even those who as yet had stayed always
at the ships, the pilots and helmsmen, and even the stewards who were
about the ships and served out rations, all came to the place of assembly
because Achilles had shown himself after having held aloof so long
from fighting. Two sons of Mars, Ulysses and the son of Tydeus, came
limping, for their wounds still pained them; nevertheless they came,
and took their seats in the front row of the assembly. Last of alM
came Agamemnon, king of men, he too wounded, for Coon son of Antenor
had struck him with a spear in battle.
When the Achaeans were got together Achilles rose and said, "Son of
Atreus, surely it would have been better alike for both you and me,
when we two were in such high anger about Briseis, surely it would
have been better, had Diana's arrow slain her at the ships on the
day when I took her after having sacked Lyrnessus. For so, many an
Achaean the less would have bitten dust before the foe in the dM
of my anger. It has been well for Hector and the Trojans, but the
Achaeans will long indeed remember our quarrel. Now, however, let
it be, for it is over. If we have been angry, necessity has schooled
our anger. I put it from me: I dare not nurse it for ever; therefore,
bid the Achaeans arm forthwith that I may go out against the Trojans,
and learn whether they will be in a mind to sleep by the ships or
no. Glad, I ween, will he be to rest his knees who may fly my spear
speak, and the Achaeans rejoiced in that he had put away
Then Agamemnon spoke, rising in his place, and not going into the
middle of the assembly. "Danaan heroes," said he, "servants of Mars,
it is well to listen when a man stands up to speak, and it is not
seemly to interrupt him, or it will go hard even with a practised
speaker. Who can either hear or speak in an uproar? Even the finest
orator will be disconcerted by it. I will expound to the son of Peleus,
and do you other Achaeans heed meM
and mark me well. Often have the
Achaeans spoken to me of this matter and upbraided me, but it was
not I that did it: Jove, and Fate, and Erinys that walks in darkness
struck me mad when we were assembled on the day that I took from Achilles
the meed that had been awarded to him. What could I do? All things
are in the hand of heaven, and Folly, eldest of Jove's daughters,
shuts men's eyes to their destruction. She walks delicately, not on
the solid earth, but hovers over the heads of men to make them stumblM
or to ensnare them.
"Time was when she fooled Jove himself, who they say is greatest whether
of gods or men; for Juno, woman though she was, beguiled him on the
day when Alcmena was to bring forth mighty Hercules in the fair city
of Thebes. He told it out among the gods saying, 'Hear me all gods
and goddesses, that I may speak even as I am minded; this day shall
an Ilithuia, helper of women who are in labour, bring a man child
into the world who shall be lord over all that dwell about him who
y blood and lineage.' Then said Juno all crafty and full of
guile, 'You will play false, and will not hold to your word. Swear
me, O Olympian, swear me a great oath, that he who shall this day
fall between the feet of a woman, shall be lord over all that dwell
about him who are of your blood and lineage.'
"Thus she spoke, and Jove suspected her not, but swore the great oath,
to his much ruing thereafter. For Juno darted down from the high summit
of Olympus, and went in haste to Achaean Argos where she kneM
the noble wife of Sthenelus son of Perseus then was. She being with
child and in her seventh month, Juno brought the child to birth though
there was a month still wanting, but she stayed the offspring of Alcmena,
and kept back the Ilithuiae. Then she went to tell Jove the son of
Saturn, and said, 'Father Jove, lord of the lightning- I have a word
for your ear. There is a fine child born this day, Eurystheus, son
to Sthenelus the son of Perseus; he is of your lineage; it is well,
therefore, that he shM
ould reign over the Argives.'
"On this Jove was stung to the very quick, and in his rage he caught
Folly by the hair, and swore a great oath that never should she again
invade starry heaven and Olympus, for she was the bane of all. Then
he whirled her round with a twist of his hand, and flung her down
from heaven so that she fell on to the fields of mortal men; and he
was ever angry with her when he saw his son groaning under the cruel
labours that Eurystheus laid upon him. Even so did I grieve when mightM
Hector was killing the Argives at their ships, and all the time I
kept thinking of Folly who had so baned me. I was blind, and Jove
robbed me of my reason; I will now make atonement, and will add much
treasure by way of amends. Go, therefore, into battle, you and your
people with you. I will give you all that Ulysses offered you yesterday
in your tents: or if it so please you, wait, though you would fain
fight at once, and my squires shall bring the gifts from my ship,
that you may see whether what I giveM
And Achilles answered, "Son of Atreus, king of men Agamemnon, you
can give such gifts as you think proper, or you can withhold them:
it is in your own hands. Let us now set battle in array; it is not
well to tarry talking about trifles, for there is a deed which is
as yet to do. Achilles shall again be seen fighting among the foremost,
and laying low the ranks of the Trojans: bear this in mind each one
of you when he is fighting."
Then Ulysses said, "Achilles, godlike and brave, send M
thus against Ilius to fight the Trojans fasting, for the battle will
be no brief one, when it is once begun, and heaven has filled both
sides with fury; bid them first take food both bread and wine by the
ships, for in this there is strength and stay. No man can do battle
the livelong day to the going down of the sun if he is without food;
however much he may want to fight his strength will fail him before
he knows it; hunger and thirst will find him out, and his limbs will
him. But a man can fight all day if he is full fed
with meat and wine; his heart beats high, and his strength will stay
till he has routed all his foes; therefore, send the people away and
bid them prepare their meal; King Agamemnon will bring out the gifts
in presence of the assembly, that all may see them and you may be
satisfied. Moreover let him swear an oath before the Argives that
he has never gone up into the couch of Briseis, nor been with her
after the manner of men and women; and do you, too, showM
of a gracious mind; let Agamemnon entertain you in his tents with
a feast of reconciliation, that so you may have had your dues in full.
As for you, son of Atreus, treat people more righteously in future;
it is no disgrace even to a king that he should make amends if he
was wrong in the first instance."
And King Agamemnon answered, "Son of Laertes, your words please me
well, for throughout you have spoken wisely. I will swear as you would
have me do; I do so of my own free will, neither shall IM
name of heaven in vain. Let, then, Achilles wait, though he would
fain fight at once, and do you others wait also, till the gifts come
from my tent and we ratify the oath with sacrifice. Thus, then, do
I charge you: take some noble young Achaeans with you, and bring from
my tents the gifts that I promised yesterday to Achilles, and bring
the women also; furthermore let Talthybius find me a boar from those
that are with the host, and make it ready for sacrifice to Jove and
d Achilles, "Son of Atreus, king of men Agamemnon, see to
these matters at some other season, when there is breathing time and
when I am calmer. Would you have men eat while the bodies of those
whom Hector son of Priam slew are still lying mangled upon the plain?
Let the sons of the Achaeans, say I, fight fasting and without food,
till we have avenged them; afterwards at the going down of the sun
let them eat their fill. As for me, Patroclus is lying dead in my
tent, all hacked and hewn, with his feet to theM
door, and his comrades
are mourning round him. Therefore I can take thought of nothing save
only slaughter and blood and the rattle in the throat of the dying."
Ulysses answered, "Achilles, son of Peleus, mightiest of all the Achaeans,
in battle you are better than I, and that more than a little, but
in counsel I am much before you, for I am older and of greater knowledge.
Therefore be patient under my words. Fighting is a thing of which
men soon surfeit, and when Jove, who is wars steward, weighs the upsM
it may well prove that the straw which our sickles have reaped is
far heavier than the grain. It may not be that the Achaeans should
mourn the dead with their bellies; day by day men fall thick and threefold
continually; when should we have respite from our sorrow? Let us mourn
our dead for a day and bury them out of sight and mind, but let those
of us who are left eat and drink that we may arm and fight our foes
more fiercely. In that hour let no man hold back, waiting for a second
summons; such summoM
ns shall bode ill for him who is found lagging
behind at our ships; let us rather sally as one man and loose the
fury of war upon the Trojans."
When he had thus spoken he took with him the sons of Nestor, with
Meges son of Phyleus, Thoas, Meriones, Lycomedes son of Creontes,
and Melanippus, and went to the tent of Agamemnon son of Atreus. The
word was not sooner said than the deed was done: they brought out
the seven tripods which Agamemnon had promised, with the twenty metal
cauldrons and the twelve horM
ses; they also brought the women skilled
in useful arts, seven in number, with Briseis, which made eight. Ulysses
weighed out the ten talents of gold and then led the way back, while
the young Achaeans brought the rest of the gifts, and laid them in
the middle of the assembly.
Agamemnon then rose, and Talthybius whose voice was like that of a
god came to him with the boar. The son of Atreus drew the knife which
he wore by the scabbard of his mighty sword, and began by cutting
off some bristles from the bM
oar, lifting up his hands in prayer as
he did so. The other Achaeans sat where they were all silent and orderly
to hear the king, and Agamemnon looked into the vault of heaven and
prayed saying, "I call Jove the first and mightiest of all gods to
witness, I call also Earth and Sun and the Erinyes who dwell below
and take vengeance on him who shall swear falsely, that I have laid
no hand upon the girl Briseis, neither to take her to my bed nor otherwise,
but that she has remained in my tents inviolate. If I sM
may heaven visit me with all the penalties which it metes out to those
who perjure themselves."
He cut the boar's throat as he spoke, whereon Talthybius whirled it
round his head, and flung it into the wide sea to feed the fishes.
Then Achilles also rose and said to the Argives, "Father Jove, of
a truth you blind men's eyes and bane them. The son of Atreus had
not else stirred me to so fierce an anger, nor so stubbornly taken
Briseis from me against my will. Surely Jove must have counselled
the destruction of many an Argive. Go, now, and take your food that
we may begin fighting."
On this he broke up the assembly, and every man went back to his own
ship. The Myrmidons attended to the presents and took them away to
the ship of Achilles. They placed them in his tents, while the stable-men
drove the horses in among the others.
Briseis, fair as Venus, when she saw the mangled body of Patroclus,
flung herself upon it and cried aloud, tearing her breast, her neck,
and her lovely face with botM
h her hands. Beautiful as a goddess she
wept and said, "Patroclus, dearest friend, when I went hence I left
you living; I return, O prince, to find you dead; thus do fresh sorrows
multiply upon me one after the other. I saw him to whom my father
and mother married me, cut down before our city, and my three own
dear brothers perished with him on the self-same day; but you, Patroclus,
even when Achilles slew my husband and sacked the city of noble Mynes,
told me that I was not to weep, for you said you would mM
marry me, and take me back with him to Phthia, we should have a wedding
feast among the Myrmidons. You were always kind to me and I shall
never cease to grieve for you."
She wept as she spoke, and the women joined in her lament-making as
though their tears were for Patroclus, but in truth each was weeping
for her own sorrows. The elders of the Achaeans gathered round Achilles
and prayed him to take food, but he groaned and would not do so. "I
pray you," said he, "if any comrade will hear me,M
nor drink, for I am in great heaviness, and will stay fasting even
to the going down of the sun."
On this he sent the other princes away, save only the two sons of
Atreus and Ulysses, Nestor, Idomeneus, and the knight Phoenix, who
stayed behind and tried to comfort him in the bitterness of his sorrow:
but he would not be comforted till he should have flung himself into
the jaws of battle, and he fetched sigh on sigh, thinking ever of
Patroclus. Then he said-
"Hapless and dearest cM
omrade, you it was who would get a good dinner
ready for me at once and without delay when the Achaeans were hasting
to fight the Trojans; now, therefore, though I have meat and drink
in my tents, yet will I fast for sorrow. Grief greater than this I
could not know, not even though I were to hear of the death of my
father, who is now in Phthia weeping for the loss of me his son, who
am here fighting the Trojans in a strange land for the accursed sake
of Helen, nor yet though I should hear that my son is no mM
who is being brought up in Scyros- if indeed Neoptolemus is still
living. Till now I made sure that I alone was to fall here at Troy
away from Argos, while you were to return to Phthia, bring back my
son with you in your own ship, and show him all my property, my bondsmen,
and the greatness of my house- for Peleus must surely be either dead,
or what little life remains to him is oppressed alike with the infirmities
of age and ever present fear lest he should hear the sad tidings of
wept as he spoke, and the elders sighed in concert as each thought
on what he had left at home behind him. The son of Saturn looked down
with pity upon them, and said presently to Minerva, "My child, you
have quite deserted your hero; is he then gone so clean out of your
recollection? There he sits by the ships all desolate for the loss
of his dear comrade, and though the others are gone to their dinner
he will neither eat nor drink. Go then and drop nectar and ambrosia
into his breast, that he may know no M
With these words he urged Minerva, who was already of the same mind.
She darted down from heaven into the air like some falcon sailing
on his broad wings and screaming. Meanwhile the Achaeans were arming
throughout the host, and when Minerva had dropped nectar and ambrosia
into Achilles so that no cruel hunger should cause his limbs to fail
him, she went back to the house of her mighty father. Thick as the
chill snow-flakes shed from the hand of Jove and borne on the keen
blasts of the north winM
d, even so thick did the gleaming helmets,
the bossed shields, the strongly plated breastplates, and the ashen
spears stream from the ships. The sheen pierced the sky, the whole
land was radiant with their flashing armour, and the sound of the
tramp of their treading rose from under their feet. In the midst of
them all Achilles put on his armour; he gnashed his teeth, his eyes
gleamed like fire, for his grief was greater than he could bear. Thus,
then, full of fury against the Trojans, did he don the gift ofM
god, the armour that Vulcan had made him.
First he put on the goodly greaves fitted with ancle-clasps, and next
he did on the breastplate about his chest. He slung the silver-studded
sword of bronze about his shoulders, and then took up the shield so
great and strong that shone afar with a splendour as of the moon.
As the light seen by sailors from out at sea, when men have lit a
fire in their homestead high up among the mountains, but the sailors
are carried out to sea by wind and storm far from thM
they would be- even so did the gleam of Achilles' wondrous shield
strike up into the heavens. He lifted the redoubtable helmet, and
set it upon his head, from whence it shone like a star, and the golden
plumes which Vulcan had set thick about the ridge of the helmet, waved
all around it. Then Achilles made trial of himself in his armour to
see whether it fitted him, so that his limbs could play freely under
it, and it seemed to buoy him up as though it had been wings.
He also drew his fatherM
's spear out of the spear-stand, a spear so
great and heavy and strong that none of the Achaeans save only Achilles
had strength to wield it; this was the spear of Pelian ash from the
topmost ridges of Mt. Pelion, which Chiron had once given to Peleus,
fraught with the death of heroes. Automedon and Alcimus busied themselves
with the harnessing of his horses; they made the bands fast about
them, and put the bit in their mouths, drawing the reins back towards
the chariot. Automedon, whip in hand, sprang up beM
and after him Achilles mounted in full armour, resplendent as the
sun-god Hyperion. Then with a loud voice he chided with his father's
horses saying, "Xanthus and Balius, famed offspring of Podarge- this
time when we have done fighting be sure and bring your driver safely
back to the host of the Achaeans, and do not leave him dead on the
plain as you did Patroclus."
Then fleet Xanthus answered under the yoke- for white-armed Juno had
endowed him with human speech- and he bowed his head tM
touched the ground as it hung down from under the yoke-band. "Dread
Achilles," said he, "we will indeed save you now, but the day of your
death is near, and the blame will not be ours, for it will be heaven
and stern fate that will destroy you. Neither was it through any sloth
or slackness on our part that the Trojans stripped Patroclus of his
armour; it was the mighty god whom lovely Leto bore that slew him
as he fought among the foremost, and vouchsafed a triumph to Hector.
swiftly as Zephyrus who they say is fleetest of
all winds; nevertheless it is your doom to fall by the hand of a man
When he had thus said the Erinyes stayed his speech, and Achilles
answered him in great sadness, saying, "Why, O Xanthus, do you thus
foretell my death? You need not do so, for I well know that I am to
fall here, far from my dear father and mother; none the more, however,
shall I stay my hand till I have given the Trojans their fill of fighting."
So saying, with a loud cryM
he drove his horses to the front.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Thus, then, did the Achaeans arm by their ships round you, O son
of Peleus, who were hungering for battle; while the Trojans over against
them armed upon the rise of the plain.
Meanwhile Jove from the top of many-delled Olympus, bade Themis gather
the gods in council, whereon she went about and called them to the
house of Jove. There was not a river absent except Oceanus, nor a
one of the nymphs that haunt fair groves, or springs of rivers
and meadows of green grass. When they reached the house of cloud-compelling
Jove, they took their seats in the arcades of polished marble which
Vulcan with his consummate skill had made for father Jove.
In such wise, therefore, did they gather in the house of Jove. Neptune
also, lord of the earthquake, obeyed the call of the goddess, and
came up out of the sea to join them. There, sitting in the midst of
them, he asked what Jove's purpose mightM
be. "Why," said he, "wielder
of the lightning, have you called the gods in council? Are you considering
some matter that concerns the Trojans and Achaeans- for the blaze
of battle is on the point of being kindled between them?"
And Jove answered, "You know my purpose, shaker of earth, and wherefore
I have called you hither. I take thought for them even in their destruction.
For my own part I shall stay here seated on Mt. Olympus and look on
in peace, but do you others go about among Trojans and Achaeans, M
help either side as you may be severally disposed. If Achilles fights
the Trojans without hindrance they will make no stand against him;
they have ever trembled at the sight of him, and now that he is roused
to such fury about his comrade, he will override fate itself and storm
Thus spoke Jove and gave the word for war, whereon the gods took their
several sides and went into battle. Juno, Pallas Minerva, earth-encircling
Neptune, Mercury bringer of good luck and excellent in all cunning-M
all these joined the host that came from the ships; with them also
came Vulcan in all his glory, limping, but yet with his thin legs
plying lustily under him. Mars of gleaming helmet joined the Trojans,
and with him Apollo of locks unshorn, and the archer goddess Diana,
Leto, Xanthus, and laughter-loving Venus.
So long as the gods held themselves aloof from mortal warriors the
Achaeans were triumphant, for Achilles who had long refused to fight
was now with them. There was not a Trojan but his limbs faiM
for fear as he beheld the fleet son of Peleus all glorious in his
armour, and looking like Mars himself. When, however, the Olympians
came to take their part among men, forthwith uprose strong Strife,
rouser of hosts, and Minerva raised her loud voice, now standing by
the deep trench that ran outside the wall, and now shouting with all
her might upon the shore of the sounding sea. Mars also bellowed out
upon the other side, dark as some black thunder-cloud, and called
on the Trojans at the top of hiM
s voice, now from the acropolis, and
now speeding up the side of the river Simois till he came to the hill
Thus did the gods spur on both hosts to fight, and rouse fierce contention
also among themselves. The sire of gods and men thundered from heaven
above, while from beneath Neptune shook the vast earth, and bade the
high hills tremble. The spurs and crests of many-fountained Ida quaked,
as also the city of the Trojans and the ships of the Achaeans. Hades,
king of the realms below, was strM
uck with fear; he sprang panic-stricken
from his throne and cried aloud in terror lest Neptune, lord of the
earthquake, should crack the ground over his head, and lay bare his
mouldy mansions to the sight of mortals and immortals- mansions so
ghastly grim that even the gods shudder to think of them. Such was
the uproar as the gods came together in battle. Apollo with his arrows
took his stand to face King Neptune, while Minerva took hers against
the god of war; the archer-goddess Diana with her golden arrowsM
of far-darting Apollo, stood to face Juno; Mercury the lusty bringer
of good luck faced Leto, while the mighty eddying river whom men can
Scamander, but gods Xanthus, matched himself against Vulcan.
The gods, then, were thus ranged against one another. But the heart
of Achilles was set on meeting Hector son of Priam, for it was with
his blood that he longed above all things else to glut the stubborn
lord of battle. Meanwhile Apollo set Aeneas on to attack the son of
Peleus, and put courage into hM
is heart, speaking with the voice of
Lycaon son of Priam. In his likeness therefore, he said to Aeneas,
"Aeneas, counsellor of the Trojans, where are now the brave words
with which you vaunted over your wine before the Trojan princes, saying
that you would fight Achilles son of Peleus in single combat?"
And Aeneas answered, "Why do you thus bid me fight the proud son of
Peleus, when I am in no mind to do so? Were I to face him now, it
would not be for the first time. His spear has already put me to Right
from Ida, when he attacked our cattle and sacked Lyrnessus and Pedasus;
Jove indeed saved me in that he vouchsafed me strength to fly, else
had the fallen by the hands of Achilles and Minerva, who went before
him to protect him and urged him to fall upon the Lelegae and Trojans.
No man may fight Achilles, for one of the gods is always with him
as his guardian angel, and even were it not so, his weapon flies ever
straight, and fails not to pierce the flesh of him who is against
him; if heaven would let me figM
ht him on even terms he should not
soon overcome me, though he boasts that he is made of bronze."
Then said King Apollo, son to Jove, "Nay, hero, pray to the ever-living
gods, for men say that you were born of Jove's daughter Venus, whereas
Achilles is son to a goddess of inferior rank. Venus is child to Jove,
while Thetis is but daughter to the old man of the sea. Bring, therefore,
your spear to bear upon him, and let him not scare you with his taunts
As he spoke he put courage into the M
heart of the shepherd of his people,
and he strode in full armour among the ranks of the foremost fighters.
Nor did the son of Anchises escape the notice of white-armed Juno,
as he went forth into the throng to meet Achilles. She called the
gods about her, and said, "Look to it, you two, Neptune and Minerva,
and consider how this shall be; Phoebus Apollo has been sending Aeneas
clad in full armour to fight Achilles. Shall we turn him back at once,
or shall one of us stand by Achilles and endow him with strenM
that his heart fail not, and he may learn that the chiefs of the immortals
are on his side, while the others who have all along been defending
the Trojans are but vain helpers? Let us all come down from Olympus
and join in the fight, that this day he may take no hurt at the hands
of the Trojans. Hereafter let him suffer whatever fate may have spun
out for him when he was begotten and his mother bore him. If Achilles
be not thus assured by the voice of a god, he may come to fear presently
us meets him in battle, for the gods are terrible if they
are seen face to face."
Neptune lord of the earthquake answered her saying, "Juno, restrain
your fury; it is not well; I am not in favour of forcing the other
gods to fight us, for the advantage is too greatly on our own side;
let us take our places on some hill out of the beaten track, and let
mortals fight it out among themselves. If Mars or Phoebus Apollo begin
fighting, or keep Achilles in check so that he cannot fight, we too,
ise the cry of battle, and in that case they will soon
leave the field and go back vanquished to Olympus among the other
With these words the dark-haired god led the way to the high earth-barrow
of Hercules, built round solid masonry, and made by the Trojans and
Pallas Minerva for him fly to when the sea-monster was chasing him
from the shore on to the plain. Here Neptune and those that were with
him took their seats, wrapped in a thick cloud of darkness; but the
other gods seated themselves on thM
e brow of Callicolone round you,
O Phoebus, and Mars the waster of cities.
Thus did the gods sit apart and form their plans, but neither side
was willing to begin battle with the other, and Jove from his seat
on high was in command over them all. Meanwhile the whole plain was
alive with men and horses, and blazing with the gleam of armour. The
earth rang again under the tramp of their feet as they rushed towards
each other, and two champions, by far the foremost of them all, met
between the hosts to fighM
t- to wit, Aeneas son of Anchises, and noble
Aeneas was first to stride forward in attack, his doughty helmet tossing
defiance as he came on. He held his strong shield before his breast,
and brandished his bronze spear. The son of Peleus from the other
side sprang forth to meet him, fike some fierce lion that the whole
country-side has met to hunt and kill- at first he bodes no ill, but
when some daring youth has struck him with a spear, he crouches openmouthed,
his jaws foam, he roars with furM
y, he lashes his tail from side to
side about his ribs and loins, and glares as he springs straight before
him, to find out whether he is to slay, or be slain among the foremost
of his foes- even with such fury did Achilles burn to spring upon
When they were now close up with one another Achilles was first to
speak. "Aeneas," said he, "why do you stand thus out before the host
to fight me? Is it that you hope to reign over the Trojans in the
seat of Priam? Nay, though you kill me Priam will not hM
over to you. He is a man of sound judgement, and he has sons of his
own. Or have the Trojans been allotting you a demesne of passing richness,
fair with orchard lawns and corn lands, if you should slay me? This
you shall hardly do. I have discomfited you once already. Have you
forgotten how when you were alone I chased you from your herds helter-skelter
down the slopes of Ida? You did not turn round to look behind you;
you took refuge in Lyrnessus, but I attacked the city, and with the
of Minerva and father Jove I sacked it and carried its women
into captivity, though Jove and the other gods rescued you. You think
they will protect you now, but they will not do so; therefore I say
go back into the host, and do not face me, or you will rue it. Even
a fool may be wise after the event."
Then Aeneas answered, "Son of Peleus, think not that your words can
scare me as though I were a child. I too, if I will, can brag and
talk unseemly. We know one another's race and parentage as matters
ommon fame, though neither have you ever seen my parents nor I
yours. Men say that you are son to noble Peleus, and that your mother
is Thetis, fair-haired daughter of the sea. I have noble Anchises
for my father, and Venus for my mother; the parents of one or other
of us shall this day mourn a son, for it will be more than silly talk
that shall part us when the fight is over. Learn, then, my lineage
if you will- and it is known to many.
"In the beginning Dardanus was the son of Jove, and founded DardaniaM
for Ilius was not yet stablished on the plain for men to dwell in,
and her people still abode on the spurs of many-fountained Ida. Dardanus
had a son, king Erichthonius, who was wealthiest of all men living;
he had three thousand mares that fed by the water-meadows, they and
their foals with them. Boreas was enamoured of them as they were feeding,
and covered them in the semblance of a dark-maned stallion. Twelve
filly foals did they conceive and bear him, and these, as they sped
over the rich plain, woulM
d go bounding on over the ripe ears of corn
and not break them; or again when they would disport themselves on
the broad back of Ocean they could gallop on the crest of a breaker.
Erichthonius begat Tros, king of the Trojans, and Tros had three noble
sons, Ilus, Assaracus, and Ganymede who was comeliest of mortal men;
wherefore the gods carried him off to be Jove's cupbearer, for his
beauty's sake, that he might dwell among the immortals. Ilus begat
Laomedon, and Laomedon begat Tithonus, Priam, Lampus, ClytiM
Hiketaon of the stock of Mars. But Assaracus was father to Capys,
and Capys to Anchises, who was my father, while Hector is son to Priam.
"Such do I declare my blood and lineage, but as for valour, Jove gives
it or takes it as he will, for he is lord of all. And now let there
be no more of this prating in mid-battle as though we were children.
We could fling taunts without end at one another; a hundred-oared
galley would not hold them. The tongue can run all whithers and talk
all wise; it can go hM
ere and there, and as a man says, so shall he
be gainsaid. What is the use of our bandying hard like women who when
they fall foul of one another go out and wrangle in the streets, one
half true and the other lies, as rage inspires them? No words of yours
shall turn me now that I am fain to fight- therefore let us make trial
of one another with our spears."
As he spoke he drove his spear at the great and terrible shield of
Achilles, which rang out as the point struck it. The son of Peleus
before him with his strong hand, and he was afraid,
for he deemed that Aeneas's spear would go through it quite easily,
not reflecting that the god's glorious gifts were little likely to
yield before the blows of mortal men; and indeed Aeneas's spear did
not pierce the shield, for the layer of gold, gift of the god, stayed
the point. It went through two layers, but the god had made the shield
in five, two of bronze, the two innermost ones of tin, and one of
gold; it was in this that the spear was stayed.
Achilles in his turn threw, and struck the round shield of Aeneas
at the very edge, where the bronze was thinnest; the spear of Pelian
ash went clean through, and the shield rang under the blow; Aeneas
was afraid, and crouched backwards, holding the shield away from him;
the spear, however, flew over his back, and stuck quivering in the
ground, after having gone through both circles of the sheltering shield.
Aeneas though he had avoided the spear, stood still, blinded with
fear and grief because the weaponM
had gone so near him; then Achilles
sprang furiously upon him, with a cry as of death and with his keen
blade drawn, and Aeneas seized a great stone, so huge that two men,
as men now are, would be unable to lift it, but Aeneas wielded it
Aeneas would then have struck Achilles as he was springing towards
him, either on the helmet, or on the shield that covered him, and
Achilles would have closed with him and despatched him with his sword,
had not Neptune lord of the earthquake been quick toM
forthwith to the immortals, "Alas, I am sorry for great Aeneas, who
will now go down to the house of Hades, vanquished by the son of Peleus.
Fool that he was to give ear to the counsel of Apollo. Apollo will
never save him from destruction. Why should this man suffer when he
is guiltless, to no purpose, and in another's quarrel? Has he not
at all times offered acceptable sacrifice to the gods that dwell in
heaven? Let us then snatch him from death's jaws, lest the son of
Saturn be angry shouM
ld Achilles slay him. It is fated, moreover, that
he should escape, and that the race of Dardanus, whom Jove loved above
all the sons born to him of mortal women, shall not perish utterly
without seed or sign. For now indeed has Jove hated the blood of Priam,
while Aeneas shall reign over the Trojans, he and his children's children
that shall be born hereafter."
Then answered Juno, "Earth-shaker, look to this matter yourself, and
consider concerning Aeneas, whether you will save him, or suffer him,
though he be, to fall by the hand of Achilles son of Peleus.
For of a truth we two, I and Pallas Minerva, have sworn full many
a time before all the immortals, that never would we shield Trojans
from destruction, not even when all Troy is burning in the flames
that the Achaeans shall kindle."
When earth-encircling Neptune heard this he went into the battle amid
the clash of spears, and came to the place where Achilles and Aeneas
were. Forthwith he shed a darkness before the eyes of the son of Peleus,
ew the bronze-headed ashen spear from the shield of Aeneas, and
laid it at the feet of Achilles. Then he lifted Aeneas on high from
off the earth and hurried him away. Over the heads of many a band
of warriors both horse and foot did he soar as the god's hand sped
him, till he came to the very fringe of the battle where the Cauconians
were arming themselves for fight. Neptune, shaker of the earth, then
came near to him and said, Aeneas, what god has egged you on to this
folly in fighting the son of Peleus, wM
ho is both a mightier man of
valour and more beloved of heaven than you are? Give way before him
whensoever you meet him, lest you go down to the house of Hades even
though fate would have it otherwise. When Achilles is dead you may
then fight among the foremost undaunted, for none other of the Achaeans
The god left him when he had given him these instructions, and at
once removed the darkness from before the eyes of Achilles, who opened
them wide indeed and said in great anger, "Alas! wM
now beholding? Here is my spear upon the ground, but I see not him
whom I meant to kill when I hurled it. Of a truth Aeneas also must
be under heaven's protection, although I had thought his boasting
was idle. Let him go hang; he will be in no mood to fight me further,
seeing how narrowly he has missed being killed. I will now give my
orders to the Danaans and attack some other of the Trojans."
He sprang forward along the line and cheered his men on as he did
so. "Let not the Trojans," he M
cried, "keep you at arm's length, Achaeans,
but go for them and fight them man for man. However valiant I may
be, I cannot give chase to so many and fight all of them. Even Mars,
who is an immortal, or Minerva, would shrink from flinging himself
into the jaws of such a fight and laying about him; nevertheless,
so far as in me lies I will show no slackness of hand or foot nor
want of endurance, not even for a moment; I will utterly break their
ranks, and woe to the Trojan who shall venture within reach of my
Thus did he exhort them. Meanwhile Hector called upon the Trojans
and declared that he would fight Achilles. "Be not afraid, proud Trojans,"
said he, "to face the son of Peleus; I could fight gods myself if
the battle were one of words only, but they would be more than a match
for me, if we had to use our spears. Even so the deed of Achilles
will fall somewhat short of his word; he will do in part, and the
other part he will clip short. I will go up against him though his
hands be as fire- thougM
h his hands be fire and his strength iron."
Thus urged the Trojans lifted up their spears against the Achaeans,
and raised the cry of battle as they flung themselves into the midst
of their ranks. But Phoebus Apollo came up to Hector and said, "Hector,
on no account must you challenge Achilles to single combat; keep a
lookout for him while you are under cover of the others and away from
the thick of the fight, otherwise he will either hit you with a spear
or cut you down at close quarters."
ke, and Hector drew back within the crowd, for he was afraid
when he heard what the god had said to him. Achilles then sprang upon
the Trojans with a terrible cry, clothed in valour as with a garment.
First he killed Iphition son of Otrynteus, a leader of much people
whom a naiad nymph had borne to Otrynteus waster of cities, in the
land of Hyde under the snowy heights of Mt. Tmolus. Achilles struck
him full on the head as he was coming on towards him, and split it
clean in two; whereon he fell heavily to thM
e ground and Achilles vaunted
over him saying, "You he low, son of Otrynteus, mighty hero; your
death is here, but your lineage is on the Gygaean lake where your
father's estate lies, by Hyllus, rich in fish, and the eddying waters
Thus did he vaunt, but darkness closed the eyes of the other. The
chariots of the Achaeans cut him up as their wheels passed over him
in the front of the battle, and after him Achilles killed Demoleon,
a valiant man of war and son to Antenor. He struck him on the tM
through his bronze-cheeked helmet. The helmet did not stay the spear,
but it went right on, crushing the bone so that the brain inside was
shed in all directions, and his lust of fighting was ended. Then he
struck Hippodamas in the midriff as he was springing down from his
chariot in front of him, and trying to escape. He breathed his last,
bellowing like a bull bellows when young men are dragging him to offer
him in sacrifice to the King of Helice, and the heart of the earth-shaker
id he bellow as he lay dying. Achilles then went
in pursuit of Polydorus son of Priam, whom his father had always forbidden
to fight because he was the youngest of his sons, the one he loved
best, and the fastest runner. He, in his folly and showing off the
fleetness of his feet, was rushing about among front ranks until he
lost his life, for Achilles struck him in the middle of the back as
he was darting past him: he struck him just at the golden fastenings
of his belt and where the two pieces of the doubleM
breastplate overlapped.
The point of the spear pierced him through and came out by the navel,
whereon he fell groaning on to his knees and a cloud of darkness overshadowed
him as he sank holding his entrails in his hands.
When Hector saw his brother Polydorus with his entrails in his hands
and sinking down upon the ground, a mist came over his eyes, and he
could not bear to keep longer at a distance; he therefore poised his
spear and darted towards Achilles like a flame of fire. When Achilles
bounded forward and vaunted saying, "This is he that has
wounded my heart most deeply and has slain my beloved comrade. Not
for long shall we two quail before one another on the highways of
He looked fiercely on Hector and said, "Draw near, that you may meet
your doom the sooner." Hector feared him not and answered, "Son of
Peleus, think not that your words can scare me as though I were a
child; I too if I will can brag and talk unseemly; I know that you
are a mighty warrior, mightier by far than M
I, nevertheless the issue
lies in the the lap of heaven whether I, worse man though I be, may
not slay you with my spear, for this too has been found keen ere now."
He hurled his spear as he spoke, but Minerva breathed upon it, and
though she breathed but very lightly she turned it back from going
towards Achilles, so that it returned to Hector and lay at his feet
in front of him. Achilles then sprang furiously on him with a loud
cry, bent on killing him, but Apollo caught him up easily as a god
hid him in a thick darkness. Thrice did Achilles spring towards
him spear in hand, and thrice did he waste his blow upon the air.
When he rushed forward for the fourth time as though he were a god,
he shouted aloud saying, "Hound, this time too you have escaped death-
but of a truth it came exceedingly near you. Phoebus Apollo, to whom
it seems you pray before you go into battle, has again saved you;
but if I too have any friend among the gods I will surely make an
end of you when I come across you at some oM
ther time. Now, however,
I will pursue and overtake other Trojans."
On this he struck Dryops with his spear, about the middle of his neck,
and he fell headlong at his feet. There he let him lie and stayed
Demouchus son of Philetor, a man both brave and of great stature,
by hitting him on the knee with a spear; then he smote him with his
sword and killed him. After this he sprang on Laogonus and Dardanus,
sons of Bias, and threw them from their chariot, the one with a blow
from a thrown spear, while the oM
ther he cut down in hand-to-hand fight.
There was also Tros the son of Alastor- he came up to Achilles and
clasped his knees in the hope that he would spare him and not kill
him but let him go, because they were both of the same age. Fool,
he might have known that he should not prevail with him, for the man
was in no mood for pity or forbearance but was in grim earnest. Therefore
when Tros laid hold of his knees and sought a hearing for his prayers,
Achilles drove his sword into his liver, and the liver cameM
out, while his bosom was all covered with the black blood that welled
from the wound. Thus did death close his eyes as he lay lifeless.
Achilles then went up to Mulius and struck him on the ear with a spear,
and the bronze spear-head came right out at the other ear. He also
struck Echeclus son of Agenor on the head with his sword, which became
warm with the blood, while death and stern fate closed the eyes of
Echeclus. Next in order the bronze point of his spear wounded Deucalion
where the sinews of the elbow are united, whereon
he waited Achilles' onset with his arm hanging down and death staring
him in the face. Achilles cut his head off with a blow from his sword
and flung it helmet and all away from him, and the marrow came oozing
out of his backbone as he lay. He then went in pursuit of Rhigmus,
noble son of Peires, who had come from fertile Thrace, and struck
him through the middle with a spear which fixed itself in his belly,
so that he fell headlong from his chariot. He also M
squire to Rhigmus in the back as he was turning his horses in flight,
and thrust him from his chariot, while the horses were struck with
As a fire raging in some mountain glen after long drought- and the
dense forest is in a blaze, while the wind carries great tongues of
fire in every direction- even so furiously did Achilles rage, wielding
his spear as though he were a god, and giving chase to those whom
he would slay, till the dark earth ran with blood. Or as one who yokes
ad-browed oxen that they may tread barley in a threshing-floor-
and it is soon bruised small under the feet of the lowing cattle-
even so did the horses of Achilles trample on the shields and bodies
of the slain. The axle underneath and the railing that ran round the
car were bespattered with clots of blood thrown up by the horses'
hoofs, and from the tyres of the wheels; but the son of Peleus pressed
on to win still further glory, and his hands were bedrabbled with
--------------------------------M
--------------------------------------
Now when they came to the ford of the full-flowing river Xanthus,
begotten of immortal Jove, Achilles cut their forces in two: one half
he chased over the plain towards the city by the same way that the
Achaeans had taken when flying panic-stricken on the preceding day
with Hector in full triumph; this way did they fly pell-mell, and
Juno sent down a thick mist in front of them to stay them. The other
half were hemmed in by the deep silver-eddying stream, M
it with a great uproar. The waters resounded, and the banks rang again,
as they swam hither and thither with loud cries amid the whirling
eddies. As locusts flying to a river before the blast of a grass fire-
the flame comes on and on till at last it overtakes them and they
huddle into the water- even so was the eddying stream of Xanthus filled
with the uproar of men and horses, all struggling in confusion before
Forthwith the hero left his spear upon the bank, leaning it against
a tamarisk bush, and plunged into the river like a god, armed with
his sword only. Fell was his purpose as he hewed the Trojans down
on every side. Their dying groans rose hideous as the sword smote
them, and the river ran red with blood. As when fish fly scared before
a huge dolphin, and fill every nook and corner of some fair haven-
for he is sure to eat all he can catch- even so did the Trojans cower
under the banks of the mighty river, and when Achilles' arms grew
weary with killing them, he drew twelveM
youths alive out of the water,
to sacrifice in revenge for Patroclus son of Menoetius. He drew them
out like dazed fawns, bound their hands behind them with the girdles
of their own shirts, and gave them over to his men to take back to
the ships. Then he sprang into the river, thirsting for still further
There he found Lycaon, son of Priam seed of Dardanus, as he was escaping
out of the water; he it was whom he had once taken prisoner when he
was in his father's vineyard, having set upon him by nM
was cutting young shoots from a wild fig-tree to make the wicker sides
of a chariot. Achilles then caught him to his sorrow unawares, and
sent him by sea to Lemnos, where the son of Jason bought him. But
a guest-friend, Eetion of Imbros, freed him with a great sum, and
sent him to Arisbe, whence he had escaped and returned to his father's
house. He had spent eleven days happily with his friends after he
had come from Lemnos, but on the twelfth heaven again delivered him
into the hands of AchilleM
s, who was to send him to the house of Hades
sorely against his will. He was unarmed when Achilles caught sight
of him, and had neither helmet nor shield; nor yet had he any spear,
for he had thrown all his armour from him on to the bank, and was
sweating with his struggles to get out of the river, so that his strength
was now failing him.
Then Achilles said to himself in his surprise, "What marvel do I see
here? If this man can come back alive after having been sold over
into Lemnos, I shall have the TrM
ojans also whom I have slain rising
from the world below. Could not even the waters of the grey sea imprison
him, as they do many another whether he will or no? This time let
him taste my spear, that I may know for certain whether mother earth
who can keep even a strong man down, will be able to hold him, or
whether thence too he will return."
Thus did he pause and ponder. But Lycaon came up to him dazed and
trying hard to embrace his knees, for he would fain live, not die.
Achilles thrust at him with hiM
s spear, meaning to kill him, but Lycaon
ran crouching up to him and caught his knees, whereby the spear passed
over his back, and stuck in the ground, hungering though it was for
blood. With one hand he caught Achilles' knees as he besought him,
and with the other he clutched the spear and would not let it go.
Then he said, "Achilles, have mercy upon me and spare me, for I am
your suppliant. It was in your tents that I first broke bread on the
day when you took me prisoner in the vineyard; after which you sM
away to Lemnos far from my father and my friends, and I brought you
the price of a hundred oxen. I have paid three times as much to gain
my freedom; it is but twelve days that I have come to Ilius after
much suffering, and now cruel fate has again thrown me into your hands.
Surely father Jove must hate me, that he has given me over to you
a second time. Short of life indeed did my mother Laothoe bear me,
daughter of aged Altes- of Altes who reigns over the warlike Lelegae
and holds steep Pedasus on the M
river Satnioeis. Priam married his
daughter along with many other women and two sons were born of her,
both of whom you will have slain. Your spear slew noble Polydorus
as he was fighting in the front ranks, and now evil will here befall
me, for I fear that I shall not escape you since heaven has delivered
me over to you. Furthermore I say, and lay my saying to your heart,
spare me, for I am not of the same womb as Hector who slew your brave
and noble comrade."
With such words did the princely son of PriM
am beseech Achilles; but
Achilles answered him sternly. "Idiot," said he, "talk not to me of
ransom. Until Patroclus fell I preferred to give the Trojans quarter,
and sold beyond the sea many of those whom I had taken alive; but
now not a man shall live of those whom heaven delivers into my hands
before the city of Ilius- and of all Trojans it shall fare hardest
with the sons of Priam. Therefore, my friend, you too shall die. Why
should you whine in this way? Patroclus fell, and he was a better
are. I too- see you not how I am great and goodly? I
am son to a noble father, and have a goddess for my mother, but the
hands of doom and death overshadow me all as surely. The day will
come, either at dawn or dark, or at the noontide, when one shall take
my life also in battle, either with his spear, or with an arrow sped
Thus did he speak, and Lycaon's heart sank within him. He loosed his
hold of the spear, and held out both hands before him; but Achilles
drew his keen blade, and strucM
k him by the collar-bone on his neck;
he plunged his two-edged sword into him to the very hilt, whereon
he lay at full length on the ground, with the dark blood welling from
him till the earth was soaked. Then Achilles caught him by the foot
and flung him into the river to go down stream, vaunting over him
the while, and saying, "Lie there among the fishes, who will lick
the blood from your wound and gloat over it; your mother shall not
lay you on any bier to mourn you, but the eddies of Scamander shall
r you into the broad bosom of the sea. There shall the fishes feed
on the fat of Lycaon as they dart under the dark ripple of the waters-
so perish all of you till we reach the citadel of strong Ilius- you
in flight, and I following after to destroy you. The river with its
broad silver stream shall serve you in no stead, for all the bulls
you offered him and all the horses that you flung living into his
waters. None the less miserably shall you perish till there is not
a man of you but has paid in full for tM
he death of Patroclus and the
havoc you wrought among the Achaeans whom you have slain while I held
aloof from battle."
So spoke Achilles, but the river grew more and more angry, and pondered
within himself how he should stay the hand of Achilles and save the
Trojans from disaster. Meanwhile the son of Peleus, spear in hand,
sprang upon Asteropaeus son of Pelegon to kill him. He was son to
the broad river Axius and Periboea eldest daughter of Acessamenus;
for the river had lain with her. Asteropaeus stooM
d up out of the water
to face him with a spear in either hand, and Xanthus filled him with
courage, being angry for the death of the youths whom Achilles was
slaying ruthlessly within his waters. When they were close up with
one another Achilles was first to speak. "Who and whence are you,"
said he, "who dare to face me? Woe to the parents whose son stands
up against me." And the son of Pelegon answered, "Great son of Peleus,
why should you ask my lineage. I am from the fertile land of far Paeonia,
of the Paeonians, and it is now eleven days that I am at Ilius.
I am of the blood of the river Axius- of Axius that is the fairest
of all rivers that run. He begot the famed warrior Pelegon, whose
son men call me. Let us now fight, Achilles."
Thus did he defy him, and Achilles raised his spear of Pelian ash.
Asteropaeus failed with both his spears, for he could use both hands
alike; with the one spear he struck Achilles' shield, but did not
pierce it, for the layer of gold, gift of the god, stayed the poiM
with the other spear he grazed the elbow of Achilles! right arm drawing
dark blood, but the spear itself went by him and fixed itself in the
ground, foiled of its bloody banquet. Then Achilles, fain to kill
him, hurled his spear at Asteropaeus, but failed to hit him and struck
the steep bank of the river, driving the spear half its length into
the earth. The son of Peleus then drew his sword and sprang furiously
upon him. Asteropaeus vainly tried to draw Achilles' spear out of
the bank by main force; thM
rice did he tug at it, trying with all his
might to draw it out, and thrice he had to leave off trying; the fourth
time he tried to bend and break it, but ere he could do so Achilles
smote him with his sword and killed him. He struck him in the belly
near the navel, so that all his bowels came gushing out on to the
ground, and the darkness of death came over him as he lay gasping.
Then Achilles set his foot on his chest and spoiled him of his armour,
vaunting over him and saying, "Lie there- begotten of a riM
you be, it is hard for you to strive with the offspring of Saturn's
son. You declare yourself sprung from the blood of a broad river,
but I am of the seed of mighty Jove. My father is Peleus, son of Aeacus
ruler over the many Myrmidons, and Aeacus was the son of Jove. Therefore
as Jove is mightier than any river that flows into the sea, so are
his children stronger than those of any river whatsoever. Moreover
you have a great river hard by if he can be of any use to you, but
there is no fighting M
against Jove the son of Saturn, with whom not
even King Achelous can compare, nor the mighty stream of deep-flowing
Oceanus, from whom all rivers and seas with all springs and deep wells
proceed; even Oceanus fears the lightnings of great Jove, and his
thunder that comes crashing out of heaven."
With this he drew his bronze spear out of the bank, and now that he
had killed Asteropaeus, he let him lie where he was on the sand, with
the dark water flowing over him and the eels and fishes busy nibbling
gnawing the fat that was about his kidneys. Then he went in chase
of the Paeonians, who were flying along the bank of the river in panic
when they saw their leader slain by the hands of the son of Peleus.
Therein he slew Thersilochus, Mydon, Astypylus, Mnesus, Thrasius,
Oeneus, and Ophelestes, and he would have slain yet others, had not
the river in anger taken human form, and spoken to him from out the
deep waters saying, "Achilles, if you excel all in strength, so do
you also in wickedness, for the gods arM
e ever with you to protect
you: if, then, the son of Saturn has vouchsafed it to you to destroy
all the Trojans, at any rate drive them out of my stream, and do your
grim work on land. My fair waters are now filled with corpses, nor
can I find any channel by which I may pour myself into the sea for
I am choked with dead, and yet you go on mercilessly slaying. I am
in despair, therefore, O captain of your host, trouble me no further."
Achilles answered, "So be it, Scamander, Jove-descended; but I will
r cease dealing out death among the Trojans, till I have pent
them up in their city, and made trial of Hector face to face, that
I may learn whether he is to vanquish me, or I him."
As he spoke he set upon the Trojans with a fury like that of the gods.
But the river said to Apollo, "Surely, son of Jove, lord of the silver
bow, you are not obeying the commands of Jove who charged you straitly
that you should stand by the Trojans and defend them, till twilight
fades, and darkness is over an the earth."
Meanwhile Achilles sprang from the bank into mid-stream, whereon the
river raised a high wave and attacked him. He swelled his stream into
a torrent, and swept away the many dead whom Achilles had slain and
left within his waters. These he cast out on to the land, bellowing
like a bull the while, but the living he saved alive, hiding them
in his mighty eddies. The great and terrible wave gathered about Achilles,
falling upon him and beating on his shield, so that he could not keep
his feet; he caught hold ofM
a great elm-tree, but it came up by the
roots, and tore away the bank, damming the stream with its thick branches
and bridging it all across; whereby Achilles struggled out of the
stream, and fled full speed over the plain, for he was afraid.
But the mighty god ceased not in his pursuit, and sprang upon him
with a dark-crested wave, to stay his hands and save the Trojans from
destruction. The son of Peleus darted away a spear's throw from him;
swift as the swoop of a black hunter-eagle which is the strongM
and fleetest of all birds, even so did he spring forward, and the
armour rang loudly about his breast. He fled on in front, but the
river with a loud roar came tearing after. As one who would water
his garden leads a stream from some fountain over his plants, and
all his ground-spade in hand he clears away the dams to free the channels,
and the little stones run rolling round and round with the water as
it goes merrily down the bank faster than the man can follow- even
so did the river keep catching up M
with Achilles albeit he was a fleet
runner, for the gods are stronger than men. As often as he would strive
to stand his ground, and see whether or no all the gods in heaven
were in league against him, so often would the mighty wave come beating
down upon his shoulders, and be would have to keep flying on and on
in great dismay; for the angry flood was tiring him out as it flowed
past him and ate the ground from under his feet.
Then the son of Peleus lifted up his voice to heaven saying, "Father
there none of the gods who will take pity upon me, and save
me from the river? I do not care what may happen to me afterwards.
I blame none of the other dwellers on Olympus so severely as I do
my dear mother, who has beguiled and tricked me. She told me I was
to fall under the walls of Troy by the flying arrows of Apollo; would
that Hector, the best man among the Trojans, might there slay me;
then should I fall a hero by the hand of a hero; whereas now it seems
that I shall come to a most pitiable end, trapM
ped in this river as
though I were some swineherd's boy, who gets carried down a torrent
while trying to cross it during a storm."
As soon as he had spoken thus, Neptune and Minerva came up to him
in the likeness of two men, and took him by the hand to reassure him.
Neptune spoke first. "Son of Peleus," said he, "be not so exceeding
fearful; we are two gods, come with Jove's sanction to assist you,
I, and Pallas Minerva. It is not your fate to perish in this river;
he will abate presently as you will seeM
; moreover we strongly advise
you, if you will be guided by us, not to stay your hand from fighting
till you have pent the Trojan host within the famed walls of Ilius-
as many of them as may escape. Then kill Hector and go back to the
ships, for we will vouchsafe you a triumph over him."
When they had so said they went back to the other immortals, but Achilles
strove onward over the plain, encouraged by the charge the gods had
laid upon him. All was now covered with the flood of waters, and much
rmour of the youths that had been slain was rifting about,
as also many corpses, but he forced his way against the stream, speeding
right onwards, nor could the broad waters stay him, for Minerva had
endowed him with great strength. Nevertheless Scamander did not slacken
in his pursuit, but was still more furious with the son of Peleus.
He lifted his waters into a high crest and cried aloud to Simois saying,
"Dear brother, let the two of us unite to save this man, or he will
sack the mighty city of King PriaM
m, and the Trojans will not hold
out against him. Help me at once; fill your streams with water from
their sources, rouse all your torrents to a fury; raise your wave
on high, and let snags and stones come thundering down you that we
may make an end of this savage creature who is now lording it as though
he were a god. Nothing shall serve him longer, not strength nor comeliness,
nor his fine armour, which forsooth shall soon be lying low in the
deep waters covered over with mud. I will wrap him in sand, and M
tons of shingle round him, so that the Achaeans shall not know how
to gather his bones for the silt in which I shall have hidden him,
and when they celebrate his funeral they need build no barrow."
On this he upraised his tumultuous flood high against Achilles, seething
as it was with foam and blood and the bo&ies of the dead. The dark
waters of the river stood upright and would have overwhelmed the son
of Peleus, but Juno, trembling lest Achilles should be swept away
in the mighty torrent, lifted heM
r voice on high and called out to
Vulcan her son. "Crook-foot," she cried, "my child, be up and doing,
for I deem it is with you that Xanthus is fain to fight; help us at
once, kindle a fierce fire; I will then bring up the west and the
white south wind in a mighty hurricane from the sea, that shall bear
the flames against the heads and armour of the Trojans and consume
them, while you go along the banks of Xanthus burning his trees and
wrapping him round with fire. Let him not turn you back neither by
words nor foul, and slacken not till I shout and tell you. Then
you may stay your flames."
On this Vulcan kindled a fierce fire, which broke out first upon the
plain and burned the many dead whom Achilles had killed and whose
bodies were lying about in great numbers; by this means the plain
was dried and the flood stayed. As the north wind, blowing on an orchard
that has been sodden with autumn rain, soon dries it, and the heart
of the owner is glad- even so the whole plan was dried and the dead
were consumed. Then he turned tongues of fire on to the river.
He burned the elms the willows and the tamarisks, the lotus also,
with the rushes and marshy herbage that grew abundantly by the banks
of the river. The eels and fishes that go darting about everywhere
in the water, these, too, were sorely harassed by the flames that
cunning Vulcan had kindled, and the river himself was scalded, so
that he spoke saying, "Vulcan, there is no god can hold his own against
you. I cannot fight you when you flare out yM
our flames in this way;
strive with me no longer. Let Achilles drive the Trojans out of city
immediately. What have I to do with quarrelling and helping people?"
He was boiling as he spoke, and all his waters were seething. As a
cauldron upon 'a large fire boils when it is melting the lard of some
fatted hog, and the lard keeps bubbling up all over when the dry faggots
blaze under it- even so were the goodly waters of Xanthus heated with
the fire till they were boiling. He could flow no longer but stayed
his stream, so afflicted was he by the blasts of fire which cunning
Vulcan had raised. Then he prayed to Juno and besought her saying,
"Juno, why should your son vex my stream with such especial fury?
I am not so much to blame as all the others are who have been helping
the Trojans. I will leave off, since you so desire it, and let son
leave off also. Furthermore I swear never again will I do anything
to save the Trojans from destruction, not even when all Troy is burning
in the flames which the Achaeans wilM
As soon as Juno heard this she said to her son Vulcan, "Son Vulcan,
hold now your flames; we ought not to use such violence against a
god for the sake of mortals."
When she had thus spoken Vulcan quenched his flames, and the river
went back once more into his own fair bed.
Xanthus was now beaten, so these two left off fighting, for Juno stayed
them though she was still angry; but a furious quarrel broke out among
the other gods, for they were of divided counsels. They fell on one
r with a mighty uproar- earth groaned, and the spacious firmament
rang out as with a blare of trumpets. Jove heard as he was sitting
on Olympus, and laughed for joy when he saw the gods coming to blows
among themselves. They were not long about beginning, and Mars piercer
of shields opened the battle. Sword in hand he sprang at once upon
Minerva and reviled her. "Why, vixen," said he, "have you again set
the gods by the ears in the pride and haughtiness of your heart? Have
you forgotten how you set Diomed soM
n of Tydeus on to wound me, and
yourself took visible spear and drove it into me to the hurt of my
fair body? You shall now suffer for what you then did to me."
As he spoke he struck her on the terrible tasselled aegis- so terrible
that not even can Jove's lightning pierce it. Here did murderous Mars
strike her with his great spear. She drew back and with her strong
hand seized a stone that was lying on the plain- great and rugged
and black- which men of old had set for the boundary of a field. With
she struck Mars on the neck, and brought him down. Nine roods
did he cover in his fall, and his hair was all soiled in the dust,
while his armour rang rattling round him. But Minerva laughed and
vaunted over him saying, "Idiot, have you not learned how far stronger
I am than you, but you must still match yourself against me? Thus
do your mother's curses now roost upon you, for she is angry and would
do you mischief because you have deserted the Achaeans and are helping
She then turned her tM
wo piercing eyes elsewhere, whereon Jove's daughter
Venus took Mars by the hand and led him away groaning all the time,
for it was only with great difficulty that he had come to himself
again. When Queen Juno saw her, she said to Minerva, "Look, daughter
of aegis-bearing Jove, unweariable, that vixen Venus is again taking
Mars through the crowd out of the battle; go after her at once."
Thus she spoke. Minerva sped after Venus with a will, and made at
her, striking her on the bosom with her strong hand so tM
fainting to the ground, and there they both lay stretched at full
length. Then Minerva vaunted over her saying, "May all who help the
Trojans against the Argives prove just as redoubtable and stalwart
as Venus did when she came across me while she was helping Mars. Had
this been so, we should long since have ended the war by sacking the
strong city of Ilius."
Juno smiled as she listened. Meanwhile King Neptune turned to Apollo
saying, "Phoebus, why should we keep each other at arm's length? M
is not well, now that the others have begun fighting; it will be disgraceful
to us if we return to Jove's bronze-floored mansion on Olympus without
having fought each other; therefore come on, you are the younger of
the two, and I ought not to attack you, for I am older and have had
more experience. Idiot, you have no sense, and forget how we two alone
of all the gods fared hardly round about Ilius when we came from Jove's
house and worked for Laomedon a whole year at a stated wage and he
ers. I built the Trojans the wall about their city,
so wide and fair that it might be impregnable, while you, Phoebus,
herded cattle for him in the dales of many valleyed Ida. When, however,
the glad hours brought round the time of payment, mighty Laomedon
robbed us of all our hire and sent us off with nothing but abuse.
He threatened to bind us hand and foot and sell us over into some
distant island. He tried, moreover, to cut off the ears of both of
us, so we went away in a rage, furious about the payment M
us, and yet withheld; in spite of all this, you are now showing favour
to his people, and will not join us in compassing the utter ruin of
the proud Trojans with their wives and children."
And King Apollo answered, "Lord of the earthquake, you would have
no respect for me if I were to fight you about a pack of miserable
mortals, who come out like leaves in summer and eat the fruit of the
field, and presently fall lifeless to the ground. Let us stay this
fighting at once and let them settlM
e it among themselves."
He turned away as he spoke, for he would lay no hand on the brother
of his own father. But his sister the huntress Diana, patroness of
wild beasts, was very angry with him and said, "So you would fly,
Far-Darter, and hand victory over to Neptune with a cheap vaunt to
boot. Baby, why keep your bow thus idle? Never let me again hear you
bragging in my father's house, as you have often done in the presence
of the immortals, that you would stand up and fight with Neptune."
e her no answer, but Jove's august queen was angry and upbraided
her bitterly. "Bold vixen," she cried, "how dare you cross me thus?
For all your bow you will find it hard to hold your own against me.
Jove made you as a lion among women, and lets you kill them whenever
you choose. You will And it better to chase wild beasts and deer upon
the mountains than to fight those who are stronger than you are. If
you would try war, do so, and find out by pitting yourself against
me, how far stronger I am than you areM
She caught both Diana's wrists with her left hand as she spoke, and
with her right she took the bow from her shoulders, and laughed as
she beat her with it about the ears while Diana wriggled and writhed
under her blows. Her swift arrows were shed upon the ground, and she
fled weeping from under Juno's hand as a dove that flies before a
falcon to the cleft of some hollow rock, when it is her good fortune
to escape. Even so did she fly weeping away, leaving her bow and arrows
layer of Argus, guide and guardian, said to Leto, "Leto,
I shall not fight you; it is ill to come to blows with any of Jove's
wives. Therefore boast as you will among the immortals that you worsted
Leto then gathered up Diana's bow and arrows that had fallen about
amid the whirling dust, and when she had got them she made all haste
after her daughter. Diana had now reached Jove's bronze-floored mansion
on Olympus, and sat herself down with many tears on the knees of her
er ambrosial raiment was quivering all about her. The
son of Saturn drew her towards him, and laughing pleasantly the while
began to question her saying, "Which of the heavenly beings, my dear
child, has been treating you in this cruel manner, as though you had
been misconducting yourself in the face of everybody?" and the fair-crowned
goddess of the chase answered, "It was your wife Juno, father, who
has been beating me; it is always her doing when there is any quarrelling
among the immortals."
they converse, and meanwhile Phoebus Apollo entered the strong
city of Ilius, for he was uneasy lest the wall should not hold out
and the Danaans should take the city then and there, before its hour
had come; but the rest of the ever-living gods went back, some angry
and some triumphant to Olympus, where they took their seats beside
Jove lord of the storm cloud, while Achilles still kept on dealing
out death alike on the Trojans and on their As when the smoke from
some burning city ascends to heaven when thM
e anger of the gods has
kindled it- there is then toil for all, and sorrow for not a few-
even so did Achilles bring toil and sorrow on the Trojans.
Old King Priam stood on a high tower of the wall looking down on huge
Achilles as the Trojans fled panic-stricken before him, and there
was none to help them. Presently he came down from off the tower and
with many a groan went along the wall to give orders to the brave
warders of the gate. "Keep the gates," said he, "wide open till the
people come flying intM
o the city, for Achilles is hard by and is driving
them in rout before him. I see we are in great peril. As soon as our
people are inside and in safety, close the strong gates for I fear
lest that terrible man should come bounding inside along with the
As he spoke they drew back the bolts and opened the gates, and when
these were opened there was a haven of refuge for the Trojans. Apollo
then came full speed out of the city to meet them and protect them.
Right for the city and the high wall, parM
ched with thirst and grimy
with dust, still they fied on, with Achilles wielding his spear furiously
behind them. For he was as one possessed, and was thirsting after
Then had the sons of the Achaeans taken the lofty gates of Troy if
Apollo had not spurred on Agenor, valiant and noble son to Antenor.
He put courage into his heart, and stood by his side to guard him,
leaning against a beech tree and shrouded in thick darkness. When
Agenor saw Achilles he stood still and his heart was clouded with
care. "Alas," said he to himself in his dismay, "if I fly before mighty
Achilles, and go where all the others are being driven in rout, he
will none the less catch me and kill me for a coward. How would it
be were I to let Achilles drive the others before him, and then fly
from the wall to the plain that is behind Ilius till I reach the spurs
of Ida and can hide in the underwood that is thereon? I could then
wash the sweat from off me in the river and in the evening return
to Ilius. But why commune with myseM
lf in this way? Like enough he
would see me as I am hurrying from the city over the plain, and would
speed after me till he had caught me- I should stand no chance against
him, for he is mightiest of all mankind. What, then, if I go out and
meet him in front of the city? His flesh too, I take it, can be pierced
by pointed bronze. Life is the same in one and all, and men say that
he is but mortal despite the triumph that Jove son of Saturn vouchsafes
So saying he stood on his guard and awaited AchilM
fain to fight him. As a leopardess that bounds from out a thick covert
to attack a hunter- she knows no fear and is not dismayed by the baying
of the hounds; even though the man be too quick for her and wound
her either with thrust or spear, still, though the spear has pierced
her she will not give in till she has either caught him in her grip
or been killed outright- even so did noble Agenor son of Antenor refuse
to fly till he had made trial of Achilles, and took aim at him with
ear, holding his round shield before him and crying with a loud
voice. "Of a truth," said he, "noble Achilles, you deem that you shall
this day sack the city of the proud Trojans. Fool, there will be trouble
enough yet before it, for there is many a brave man of us still inside
who will stand in front of our dear parents with our wives and children,
to defend Ilius. Here therefore, huge and mighty warrior though you
be, here shall you cue.
As he spoke his strong hand hurled his javelin from him, and the sM
struck Achilles on the leg beneath the knee; the greave of newly wrought
tin rang loudly, but the spear recoiled from the body of him whom
it had struck, and did not pierce it, for the gods gift stayed it.
Achilles in his turn attacked noble Agenor, but Apollo would not vouchsafe
him glory, for he snatched Agenor away and hid him in a thick mist,
sending him out of the battle unmolested Then he craftily drew the
son of Peleus away from going after the host, for he put on the semblance
od in front of Achilles, who ran towards him to give
him chase and pursued him over the corn lands of the plain, turning
him towards the deep waters of the river Scamander. Apollo ran but
a little way before him and beguiled Achilles by making him think
all the time that he was on the point of overtaking him. Meanwhile
the rabble of routed Trojans was thankful to crowd within the city
till their numbers thronged it; no longer did they dare wait for one
another outside the city walls, to learn who had escapedM
fallen in fight, but all whose feet and knees could still carry them
poured pell-mell into the town.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Thus the Trojans in the city, scared like fawns, wiped the sweat
from off them and drank to quench their thirst, leaning against the
goodly battlements, while the Achaeans with their shields laid upon
their shoulders drew close up to the walls. But stern fate bade Hector
stay where he was before Ilius and tM
he Scaean gates. Then Phoebus
Apollo spoke to the son of Peleus saying, "Why, son of Peleus, do
you, who are but man, give chase to me who am immortal? Have you not
yet found out that it is a god whom you pursue so furiously? You did
not harass the Trojans whom you had routed, and now they are within
their walls, while you have been decoyed hither away from them. Me
you cannot kill, for death can take no hold upon me."
Achilles was greatly angered and said, "You have baulked me, Far-Darter,
s of all gods, and have drawn me away from the wall,
where many another man would have bitten the dust ere he got within
Ilius; you have robbed me of great glory and have saved the Trojans
at no risk to yourself, for you have nothing to fear, but I would
indeed have my revenge if it were in my power to do so."
On this, with fell intent he made towards the city, and as the winning
horse in a chariot race strains every nerve when he is flying over
the plain, even so fast and furiously did the limbs of AchillM
him onwards. King Priam was first to note him as he scoured the plain,
all radiant as the star which men call Orion's Hound, and whose beams
blaze forth in time of harvest more brilliantly than those of any
other that shines by night; brightest of them all though he be, he
yet bodes ill for mortals, for he brings fire and fever in his train-
even so did Achilles' armour gleam on his breast as he sped onwards.
Priam raised a cry and beat his head with his hands as he lifted them
up and shouted out toM
his dear son, imploring him to return; but Hector
still stayed before the gates, for his heart was set upon doing battle
with Achilles. The old man reached out his arms towards him and bade
him for pity's sake come within the walls. "Hector," he cried, "my
son, stay not to face this man alone and unsupported, or you will
meet death at the hands of the son of Peleus, for he is mightier than
you. Monster that he is; would indeed that the gods loved him no better
than I do, for so, dogs and vultures would soonM
devour him as he lay
stretched on earth, and a load of grief would be lifted from my heart,
for many a brave son has he reft from me, either by killing them or
selling them away in the islands that are beyond the sea: even now
I miss two sons from among the Trojans who have thronged within the
city, Lycaon and Polydorus, whom Laothoe peeress among women bore
me. Should they be still alive and in the hands of the Achaeans, we
will ransom them with gold and bronze, of which we have store, for
es endowed his daughter richly; but if they are already
dead and in the house of Hades, sorrow will it be to us two who were
their parents; albeit the grief of others will be more short-lived
unless you too perish at the hands of Achilles. Come, then, my son,
within the city, to be the guardian of Trojan men and Trojan women,
or you will both lose your own life and afford a mighty triumph to
the son of Peleus. Have pity also on your unhappy father while life
yet remains to him- on me, whom the son of Saturn M
a terrible doom on the threshold of old age, after I have seen my
sons slain and my daughters haled away as captives, my bridal chambers
pillaged, little children dashed to earth amid the rage of battle,
and my sons' wives dragged away by the cruel hands of the Achaeans;
in the end fierce hounds will tear me in pieces at my own gates after
some one has beaten the life out of my body with sword or spear-hounds
that I myself reared and fed at my own table to guard my gates, but
p my blood and then lie all distraught at my doors.
When a young man falls by the sword in battle, he may lie where he
is and there is nothing unseemly; let what will be seen, all is honourable
in death, but when an old man is slain there is nothing in this world
more pitiable than that dogs should defile his grey hair and beard
and all that men hide for shame."
The old man tore his grey hair as he spoke, but he moved not the heart
of Hector. His mother hard by wept and moaned aloud as she bared her
m and pointed to the breast which had suckled him. "Hector," she
cried, weeping bitterly the while, "Hector, my son, spurn not this
breast, but have pity upon me too: if I have ever given you comfort
from my own bosom, think on it now, dear son, and come within the
wall to protect us from this man; stand not without to meet him. Should
the wretch kill you, neither I nor your richly dowered wife shall
ever weep, dear offshoot of myself, over the bed on which you lie,
for dogs will devour you at the ships of tM
Thus did the two with many tears implore their son, but they moved
not the heart of Hector, and he stood his ground awaiting huge Achilles
as he drew nearer towards him. As serpent in its den upon the mountains,
full fed with deadly poisons, waits for the approach of man- he is
filled with fury and his eyes glare terribly as he goes writhing round
his den- even so Hector leaned his shield against a tower that jutted
out from the wall and stood where he was, undaunted.
"Alas," said he to M
himself in the heaviness of his heart, "if I go
within the gates, Polydamas will be the first to heap reproach upon
me, for it was he that urged me to lead the Trojans back to the city
on that awful night when Achilles again came forth against us. I would
not listen, but it would have been indeed better if I had done so.
Now that my folly has destroyed the host, I dare not look Trojan men
and Trojan women in the face, lest a worse man should say, 'Hector
has ruined us by his self-confidence.' Surely it wouldM
me to return after having fought Achilles and slain him, or to die
gloriously here before the city. What, again, if were to lay down
my shield and helmet, lean my spear against the wall and go straight
up to noble Achilles? What if I were to promise to give up Helen,
who was the fountainhead of all this war, and all the treasure that
Alexandrus brought with him in his ships to Troy, aye, and to let
the Achaeans divide the half of everything that the city contains
among themselves? I might makM
e the Trojans, by the mouths of their
princes, take a solemn oath that they would hide nothing, but would
divide into two shares all that is within the city- but why argue
with myself in this way? Were I to go up to him he would show me no
kind of mercy; he would kill me then and there as easily as though
I were a woman, when I had off my armour. There is no parleying with
him from some rock or oak tree as young men and maidens prattle with
one another. Better fight him at once, and learn to which of us JoveM
will vouchsafe victory."
Thus did he stand and ponder, but Achilles came up to him as it were
Mars himself, plumed lord of battle. From his right shoulder he brandished
his terrible spear of Pelian ash, and the bronze gleamed around him
like flashing fire or the rays of the rising sun. Fear fell upon Hector
as he beheld him, and he dared not stay longer where he was but fled
in dismay from before the gates, while Achilles darted after him at
his utmost speed. As a mountain falcon, swiftest of all birds,M
down upon some cowering dove- the dove flies before him but the falcon
with a shrill scream follows close after, resolved to have her- even
so did Achilles make straight for Hector with all his might, while
Hector fled under the Trojan wall as fast as his limbs could take
On they flew along the waggon-road that ran hard by under the wall,
past the lookout station, and past the weather-beaten wild fig-tree,
till they came to two fair springs which feed the river Scamander.
prings is warm, and steam rises from it as smoke
from a burning fire, but the other even in summer is as cold as hail
or snow, or the ice that forms on water. Here, hard by the springs,
are the goodly washing-troughs of stone, where in the time of peace
before the coming of the Achaeans the wives and fair daughters of
the Trojans used to wash their clothes. Past these did they fly, the
one in front and the other giving ha. behind him: good was the man
that fled, but better far was he that followed after, andM
indeed did they run, for the prize was no mere beast for sacrifice
or bullock's hide, as it might be for a common foot-race, but they
ran for the life of Hector. As horses in a chariot race speed round
the turning-posts when they are running for some great prize- a tripod
or woman- at the games in honour of some dead hero, so did these two
run full speed three times round the city of Priam. All the gods watched
them, and the sire of gods and men was the first to speak.
"Alas," said he, "my eyes bM
ehold a man who is dear to me being pursued
round the walls of Troy; my heart is full of pity for Hector, who
has burned the thigh-bones of many a heifer in my honour, at one while
on the of many-valleyed Ida, and again on the citadel of Troy; and
now I see noble Achilles in full pursuit of him round the city of
Priam. What say you? Consider among yourselves and decide whether
we shall now save him or let him fall, valiant though he be, before
Achilles, son of Peleus."
Then Minerva said, "Father, wielderM
of the lightning, lord of cloud
and storm, what mean you? Would you pluck this mortal whose doom has
long been decreed out of the jaws of death? Do as you will, but we
others shall not be of a mind with you."
And Jove answered, "My child, Trito-born, take heart. I did not speak
in full earnest, and I will let you have your way. Do without let
or hindrance as you are minded."
Thus did he urge Minerva who was already eager, and down she darted
from the topmost summits of Olympus.
in full pursuit of Hector, as a hound chasing a
fawn which he has started from its covert on the mountains, and hunts
through glade and thicket. The fawn may try to elude him by crouching
under cover of a bush, but he will scent her out and follow her up
until he gets her- even so there was no escape for Hector from the
fleet son of Peleus. Whenever he made a set to get near the Dardanian
gates and under the walls, that his people might help him by showering
down weapons from above, Achilles would gain on hM
im and head him back
towards the plain, keeping himself always on the city side. As a man
in a dream who fails to lay hands upon another whom he is pursuing-
the one cannot escape nor the other overtake- even so neither could
Achilles come up with Hector, nor Hector break away from Achilles;
nevertheless he might even yet have escaped death had not the time
come when Apollo, who thus far had sustained his strength and nerved
his running, was now no longer to stay by him. Achilles made signs
ost, and shook his head to show that no man was to
aim a dart at Hector, lest another might win the glory of having hit
him and he might himself come in second. Then, at last, as they were
nearing the fountains for the fourth time, the father of all balanced
his golden scales and placed a doom in each of them, one for Achilles
and the other for Hector. As he held the scales by the middle, the
doom of Hector fell down deep into the house of Hades- and then Phoebus
Apollo left him. Thereon Minerva went close uM
p to the son of Peleus
and said, "Noble Achilles, favoured of heaven, we two shall surely
take back to the ships a triumph for the Achaeans by slaying Hector,
for all his lust of battle. Do what Apollo may as he lies grovelling
before his father, aegis-bearing Jove, Hector cannot escape us longer.
Stay here and take breath, while I go up to him and persuade him to
make a stand and fight you."
Thus spoke Minerva. Achilles obeyed her gladly, and stood still, leaning
on his bronze-pointed ashen spear, whileM
Minerva left him and went
after Hector in the form and with the voice of Deiphobus. She came
close up to him and said, "Dear brother, I see you are hard pressed
by Achilles who is chasing you at full speed round the city of Priam,
let us await his onset and stand on our defence."
And Hector answered, "Deiphobus, you have always been dearest to me
of all my brothers, children of Hecuba and Priam, but henceforth I
shall rate you yet more highly, inasmuch as you have ventured outside
the wall for my sake wM
hen all the others remain inside."
Then Minerva said, "Dear brother, my father and mother went down on
their knees and implored me, as did all my comrades, to remain inside,
so great a fear has fallen upon them all; but I was in an agony of
grief when I beheld you; now, therefore, let us two make a stand and
fight, and let there be no keeping our spears in reserve, that we
may learn whether Achilles shall kill us and bear off our spoils to
the ships, or whether he shall fall before you."
va inveigle him by her cunning, and when the two were
now close to one another great Hector was first to speak. "I will-no
longer fly you, son of Peleus," said he, "as I have been doing hitherto.
Three times have I fled round the mighty city of Priam, without daring
to withstand you, but now, let me either slay or be slain, for I am
in the mind to face you. Let us, then, give pledges to one another
by our gods, who are the fittest witnesses and guardians of all covenants;
let it be agreed between us that if M
Jove vouchsafes me the longer
stay and I take your life, I am not to treat your dead body in any
unseemly fashion, but when I have stripped you of your armour, I am
to give up your body to the Achaeans. And do you likewise."
Achilles glared at him and answered, "Fool, prate not to me about
covenants. There can be no covenants between men and lions, wolves
and lambs can never be of one mind, but hate each other out and out
an through. Therefore there can be no understanding between you and
e be any covenants between us, till one or other shall
fall and glut grim Mars with his life's blood. Put forth all your
strength; you have need now to prove yourself indeed a bold soldier
and man of war. You have no more chance, and Pallas Minerva will forthwith
vanquish you by my spear: you shall now pay me in full for the grief
you have caused me on account of my comrades whom you have killed
He poised his spear as he spoke and hurled it. Hector saw it coming
and avoided it; he watched it M
and crouched down so that it flew over
his head and stuck in the ground beyond; Minerva then snatched it
up and gave it back to Achilles without Hector's seeing her; Hector
thereon said to the son of Peleus, "You have missed your aim, Achilles,
peer of the gods, and Jove has not yet revealed to you the hour of
my doom, though you made sure that he had done so. You were a false-tongued
liar when you deemed that I should forget my valour and quail before
you. You shall not drive spear into the back of a runawaM
should heaven so grant you power, drive it into me as I make straight
towards you; and now for your own part avoid my spear if you can-
would that you might receive the whole of it into your body; if you
were once dead the Trojans would find the war an easier matter, for
it is you who have harmed them most."
He poised his spear as he spoke and hurled it. His aim was true for
he hit the middle of Achilles' shield, but the spear rebounded from
it, and did not pierce it. Hector was angry when hM
e saw that the weapon
had sped from his hand in vain, and stood there in dismay for he had
no second spear. With a loud cry he called Diphobus and asked him
for one, but there was no man; then he saw the truth and said to himself,
"Alas! the gods have lured me on to my destruction. I deemed that
the hero Deiphobus was by my side, but he is within the wall, and
Minerva has inveigled me; death is now indeed exceedingly near at
hand and there is no way out of it- for so Jove and his son Apollo
ave willed it, though heretofore they have been ever
ready to protect me. My doom has come upon me; let me not then die
ingloriously and without a struggle, but let me first do some great
thing that shall be told among men hereafter."
As he spoke he drew the keen blade that hung so great and strong by
his side, and gathering himself together be sprang on Achilles like
a soaring eagle which swoops down from the clouds on to some lamb
or timid hare- even so did Hector brandish his sword and spring upon
illes. Achilles mad with rage darted towards him, with his wondrous
shield before his breast, and his gleaming helmet, made with four
layers of metal, nodding fiercely forward. The thick tresses of gold
wi which Vulcan had crested the helmet floated round it, and as the
evening star that shines brighter than all others through the stillness
of night, even such was the gleam of the spear which Achilles poised
in his right hand, fraught with the death of noble Hector. He eyed
his fair flesh over and over to seM
e where he could best wound it,
but all was protected by the goodly armour of which Hector had spoiled
Patroclus after he had slain him, save only the throat where the collar-bones
divide the neck from the shoulders, and this is a most deadly place:
here then did Achilles strike him as he was coming on towards him,
and the point of his spear went right through the fleshy part of the
neck, but it did not sever his windpipe so that he could still speak.
Hector fell headlong, and Achilles vaunted over him sayinM
you deemed that you should come off scatheless when you were spoiling
Patroclus, and recked not of myself who was not with him. Fool that
you were: for I, his comrade, mightier far than he, was still left
behind him at the ships, and now I have laid you low. The Achaeans
shall give him all due funeral rites, while dogs and vultures shall
work their will upon yourself."
Then Hector said, as the life ebbed out of him, "I pray you by your
life and knees, and by your parents, let not dogs devour M
ships of the Achaeans, but accept the rich treasure of gold and bronze
which my father and mother will offer you, and send my body home,
that the Trojans and their wives may give me my dues of fire when
Achilles glared at him and answered, "Dog, talk not to me neither
of knees nor parents; would that I could be as sure of being able
to cut your flesh into pieces and eat it raw, for the ill have done
me, as I am that nothing shall save you from the dogs- it shall not
bring ten or twenty-fold ransom and weigh it out for
me on the spot, with promise of yet more hereafter. Though Priam son
of Dardanus should bid them offer me your weight in gold, even so
your mother shall never lay you out and make lament over the son she
bore, but dogs and vultures shall eat you utterly up."
Hector with his dying breath then said, "I know you what you are,
and was sure that I should not move you, for your heart is hard as
iron; look to it that I bring not heaven's anger upon you on theM
when Paris and Phoebus Apollo, valiant though you be, shall slay you
at the Scaean gates."
When he had thus said the shrouds of death enfolded him, whereon his
soul went out of him and flew down to the house of Hades, lamenting
its sad fate that it should en' youth and strength no longer. But
Achilles said, speaking to the dead body, "Die; for my part I will
accept my fate whensoever Jove and the other gods see fit to send
As he spoke he drew his spear from the body and set it on one side;
then he stripped the blood-stained armour from Hector's shoulders
while the other Achaeans came running up to view his wondrous strength
and beauty; and no one came near him without giving him a fresh wound.
Then would one turn to his neighbour and say, "It is easier to handle
Hector now than when he was flinging fire on to our ships" and as
he spoke he would thrust his spear into him anew.
When Achilles had done spoiling Hector of his armour, he stood among
the Argives and said, "My friends, princes andM
Argives, now that heaven has vouchsafed us to overcome this man, who
has done us more hurt than all the others together, consider whether
we should not attack the city in force, and discover in what mind
the Trojans may be. We should thus learn whether they will desert
their city now that Hector has fallen, or will still hold out even
though he is no longer living. But why argue with myself in this way,
while Patroclus is still lying at the ships unburied, and unmourned-
ver forget so long as I am alive and my strength fails
not? Though men forget their dead when once they are within the house
of Hades, yet not even there will I forget the comrade whom I have
lost. Now, therefore, Achaean youths, let us raise the song of victory
and go back to the ships taking this man along with us; for we have
achieved a mighty triumph and have slain noble Hector to whom the
Trojans prayed throughout their city as though he were a god."
On this he treated the body of Hector with contumelM
sinews at the back of both his feet from heel to ancle and passed
thongs of ox-hide through the slits he had made: thus he made the
body fast to his chariot, letting the head trail upon the ground.
Then when he had put the goodly armour on the chariot and had himself
mounted, he lashed his horses on and they flew forward nothing loth.
The dust rose from Hector as he was being dragged along, his dark
hair flew all abroad, and his head once so comely was laid low on
earth, for Jove had now dM
elivered him into the hands of his foes to
do him outrage in his own land.
Thus was the head of Hector being dishonoured in the dust. His mother
tore her hair, and flung her veil from her with a loud cry as she
looked upon her son. His father made piteous moan, and throughout
the city the people fell to weeping and wailing. It was as though
the whole of frowning Ilius was being smirched with fire. Hardly could
the people hold Priam back in his hot haste to rush without the gates
of the city. He grovelledM
in the mire and besought them, calling each
one of them by his name. "Let be, my friends," he cried, "and for
all your sorrow, suffer me to go single-handed to the ships of the
Achaeans. Let me beseech this cruel and terrible man, if maybe he
will respect the feeling of his fellow-men, and have compassion on
my old age. His own father is even such another as myself- Peleus,
who bred him and reared him to- be the bane of us Trojans, and of
myself more than of all others. Many a son of mine has he slain in
he flower of his youth, and yet, grieve for these as I may, I do
so for one- Hector- more than for them all, and the bitterness of
my sorrow will bring me down to the house of Hades. Would that he
had died in my arms, for so both his ill-starred mother who bore him,
and myself, should have had the comfort of weeping and mourning over
Thus did he speak with many tears, and all the people of the city
joined in his lament. Hecuba then raised the cry of wailing among
the Trojans. "Alas, my son," she crM
ied, "what have I left to live
for now that you are no more? Night and day did I glory in. you throughout
the city, for you were a tower of strength to all in Troy, and both
men and women alike hailed you as a god. So long as you lived you
were their pride, but now death and destruction have fallen upon you."
Hector's wife had as yet heard nothing, for no one had come to tell
her that her husband had remained without the gates. She was at her
loom in an inner part of the house, weaving a double purple web,M
embroidering it with many flowers. She told her maids to set a large
tripod on the fire, so as to have a warm bath ready for Hector when
he came out of battle; poor woman, she knew not that he was now beyond
the reach of baths, and that Minerva had laid him low by the hands
of Achilles. She heard the cry coming as from the wall, and trembled
in every limb; the shuttle fell from her hands, and again she spoke
to her waiting-women. "Two of you," she said, "come with me that I
may learn what it is that haM
s befallen; I heard the voice of my husband's
honoured mother; my own heart beats as though it would come into my
mouth and my limbs refuse to carry me; some great misfortune for Priam's
children must be at hand. May I never live to hear it, but I greatly
fear that Achilles has cut off the retreat of brave Hector and has
chased him on to the plain where he was singlehanded; I fear he may
have put an end to the reckless daring which possessed my husband,
who would never remain with the body of his men, but woM
far in front, foremost of them all in valour."
Her heart beat fast, and as she spoke she flew from the house like
a maniac, with her waiting-women following after. When she reached
the battlements and the crowd of people, she stood looking out upon
the wall, and saw Hector being borne away in front of the city- the
horses dragging him without heed or care over the ground towards the
ships of the Achaeans. Her eyes were then shrouded as with the darkness
of night and she fell fainting backwardM
s. She tore the tiring from
her head and flung it from her, the frontlet and net with its plaited
band, and the veil which golden Venus had given her on the day when
Hector took her with him from the house of Eetion, after having given
countless gifts of wooing for her sake. Her husband's sisters and
the wives of his brothers crowded round her and supported her, for
she was fain to die in her distraction; when she again presently breathed
and came to herself, she sobbed and made lament among the Trojans
ing, 'Woe is me, O Hector; woe, indeed, that to share a common
lot we were born, you at Troy in the house of Priam, and I at Thebes
under the wooded mountain of Placus in the house of Eetion who brought
me up when I was a child- ill-starred sire of an ill-starred daughter-
would that he had never begotten me. You are now going into the house
of Hades under the secret places of the earth, and you leave me a
sorrowing widow in your house. The child, of whom you and I are the
unhappy parents, is as yet a mere iM
nfant. Now that you are gone, O
Hector, you can do nothing for him nor he for you. Even though he
escape the horrors of this woful war with the Achaeans, yet shall
his life henceforth be one of labour and sorrow, for others will seize
his lands. The day that robs a child of his parents severs him from
his own kind; his head is bowed, his cheeks are wet with tears, and
he will go about destitute among the friends of his father, plucking
one by the cloak and another by the shirt. Some one or other of these
y so far pity him as to hold the cup for a moment towards him and
let him moisten his lips, but he must not drink enough to wet the
roof of his mouth; then one whose parents are alive will drive him
from the table with blows and angry words. 'Out with you,' he will
say, 'you have no father here,' and the child will go crying back
to his widowed mother- he, Astyanax, who erewhile would sit upon his
father's knees, and have none but the daintiest and choicest morsels
set before him. When he had played till he M
was tired and went to sleep,
he would lie in a bed, in the arms of his nurse, on a soft couch,
knowing neither want nor care, whereas now that he has lost his father
his lot will be full of hardship- he, whom the Trojans name Astyanax,
because you, O Hector, were the only defence of their gates and battlements.
The wriggling writhing worms will now eat you at the ships, far from
your parents, when the dogs have glutted themselves upon you. You
will lie naked, although in your house you have fine and goodly rM
made by hands of women. This will I now burn; it is of no use to you,
for you can never again wear it, and thus you will have respect shown
you by the Trojans both men and women."
In such wise did she cry aloud amid her tears, and the women joined
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Thus did they make their moan throughout the city, while the Achaeans
when they reached the Hellespont went back every man to his own ship.
lles would not let the Myrmidons go, and spoke to his brave
comrades saying, "Myrmidons, famed horsemen and my own trusted friends,
not yet, forsooth, let us unyoke, but with horse and chariot draw
near to the body and mourn Patroclus, in due honour to the dead. When
we have had full comfort of lamentation we will unyoke our horses
and take supper all of us here."
On this they all joined in a cry of wailing and Achilles led them
in their lament. Thrice did they drive their chariots all sorrowing
e body, and Thetis stirred within them a still deeper yearning.
The sands of the seashore and the men's armour were wet with their
weeping, so great a minister of fear was he whom they had lost. Chief
in all their mourning was the son of Peleus: he laid his bloodstained
hand on the breast of his friend. "Fare well," he cried, "Patroclus,
even in the house of Hades. I will now do all that I erewhile promised
you; I will drag Hector hither and let dogs devour him raw; twelve
noble sons of Trojans will I also sM
lay before your pyre to avenge
As he spoke he treated the body of noble Hector with contumely, laying
it at full length in the dust beside the bier of Patroclus. The others
then put off every man his armour, took the horses from their chariots,
and seated themselves in great multitude by the ship of the fleet
descendant of Aeacus, who thereon feasted them with an abundant funeral
banquet. Many a goodly ox, with many a sheep and bleating goat did
they butcher and cut up; many a tusked boar moreover,M
did they singe and set to roast in the flames of Vulcan; and rivulets
of blood flowed all round the place where the body was lying.
Then the princes of the Achaeans took the son of Peleus to Agamemnon,
but hardly could they persuade him to come with them, so wroth was
he for the death of his comrade. As soon as they reached Agamemnon's
tent they told the serving-men to set a large tripod over the fire
in case they might persuade the son of Peleus 'to wash the clotted
gore from this bodyM
, but he denied them sternly, and swore it with
a solemn oath, saying, "Nay, by King Jove, first and mightiest of
all gods, it is not meet that water should touch my body, till I have
laid Patroclus on the flames, have built him a barrow, and shaved
my head- for so long as I live no such second sorrow shall ever draw
nigh me. Now, therefore, let us do all that this sad festival demands,
but at break of day, King Agamemnon, bid your men bring wood, and
provide all else that the dead may duly take into the reaM
the fire shall thus burn him out of our sight the sooner, and the
people shall turn again to their own labours."
Thus did he speak, and they did even as he had said. They made haste
to prepare the meal, they ate, and every man had his full share so
that all were satisfied. As soon as they had had had enough to eat
and drink, the others went to their rest each in his own tent, but
the son of Peleus lay grieving among his Myrmidons by the shore of
the sounding sea, in an open place where thM
e waves came surging in
one after another. Here a very deep slumber took hold upon him and
eased the burden of his sorrows, for his limbs were weary with chasing
Hector round windy Ilius. Presently the sad spirit of Patroclus drew
near him, like what he had been in stature, voice, and the light of
his beaming eyes, clad, too, as he had been clad in life. The spirit
hovered over his head and said-
"You sleep, Achilles, and have forgotten me; you loved me living,
but now that I am dead you think for me no M
further. Bury me with all
speed that I may pass the gates of Hades; the ghosts, vain shadows
of men that can labour no more, drive me away from them; they will
not yet suffer me to join those that are beyond the river, and I wander
all desolate by the wide gates of the house of Hades. Give me now
your hand I pray you, for when you have once given me my dues of fire,
never shall I again come forth out of the house of Hades. Nevermore
shall we sit apart and take sweet counsel among the living; the cruel
which was my birth-right has yawned its wide jaws around me-
nay, you too Achilles, peer of gods, are doomed to die beneath the
wall of the noble Trojans.
"One prayer more will I make you, if you will grant it; let not my
bones be laid apart from yours, Achilles, but with them; even as we
were brought up together in your own home, what time Menoetius brought
me to you as a child from Opoeis because by a sad spite I had killed
the son of Amphidamas- not of set purpose, but in childish quarrel
e. The knight Peleus took me into his house, entreated
me kindly, and named me to be your squire; therefore let our bones
lie in but a single urn, the two-handled golden vase given to you
And Achilles answered, "Why, true heart, are you come hither to lay
these charges upon me? will of my own self do all as you have bidden
me. Draw closer to me, let us once more throw our arms around one
another, and find sad comfort in the sharing of our sorrows."
He opened his arms towards him as he M
spoke and would have clasped
him in them, but there was nothing, and the spirit vanished as a vapour,
gibbering and whining into the earth. Achilles sprang to his feet,
smote his two hands, and made lamentation saying, "Of a truth even
in the house of Hades there are ghosts and phantoms that have no life
in them; all night long the sad spirit of Patroclus has hovered over
head making piteous moan, telling me what I am to do for him, and
looking wondrously like himself."
Thus did he speak and his words seM
t them all weeping and mourning
about the poor dumb dead, till rosy-fingered morn appeared. Then King
Agamemnon sent men and mules from all parts of the camp, to bring
wood, and Meriones, squire to Idomeneus, was in charge over them.
They went out with woodmen's axes and strong ropes in their hands,
and before them went the mules. Up hill and down dale did they go,
by straight ways and crooked, and when they reached the heights of
many-fountained Ida, they laid their axes to the roots of many a tall
ng oak that came thundering down as they felled it. They split
the trees and bound them behind the mules, which then wended their
way as they best could through the thick brushwood on to the plain.
All who had been cutting wood bore logs, for so Meriones squire to
Idomeneus had bidden them, and they threw them down in a line upon
the seashore at the place where Achilles would make a mighty monument
for Patroclus and for himself.
When they had thrown down their great logs of wood over the whole
ey stayed all of them where they were, but Achilles ordered
his brave Myrmidons to gird on their armour, and to yoke each man
his horses; they therefore rose, girded on their armour and mounted
each his chariot- they and their charioteers with them. The chariots
went before, and they that were on foot followed as a cloud in their
tens of thousands after. In the midst of them his comrades bore Patroclus
and covered him with the locks of their hair which they cut off and
threw upon his body. Last came AchillesM
with his head bowed for sorrow,
so noble a comrade was he taking to the house of Hades.
When they came to the place of which Achilles had told them they laid
the body down and built up the wood. Achilles then bethought him of
another matter. He went a space away from the pyre, and cut off the
yellow lock which he had let grow for the river Spercheius. He looked
all sorrowfully out upon the dark sea, and said, "Spercheius, in vain
did my father Peleus vow to you that when I returned home to my loved
ve land I should cut off this lock and offer you a holy hecatomb;
fifty she-goats was I to sacrifice to you there at your springs, where
is your grove and your altar fragrant with burnt-offerings. Thus did
my father vow, but you have not fulfilled his prayer; now, therefore,
that I shall see my home no more, I give this lock as a keepsake to
the hero Patroclus."
As he spoke he placed the lock in the hands of his dear comrade, and
all who stood by were filled with yearning and lamentation. The sun
ave gone down upon their mourning had not Achilles presently
said to Agamemnon, "Son of Atreus, for it is to you that the people
will give ear, there is a time to mourn and a time to cease from mourning;
bid the people now leave the pyre and set about getting their dinners:
we, to whom the dead is dearest, will see to what is wanted here,
and let the other princes also stay by me."
When King Agamemnon heard this he dismissed the people to their ships,
but those who were about the dead heaped up wood and bM
a hundred feet this way and that; then they laid the dead all sorrowfully
upon the top of it. They flayed and dressed many fat sheep and oxen
before the pyre, and Achilles took fat from all of them and wrapped
the body therein from head to foot, heaping the flayed carcases all
round it. Against the bier he leaned two-handled jars of honey and
unguents; four proud horses did he then cast upon the pyre, groaning
the while he did so. The dead hero had had house-dogs; two of them
did Achilles slay aM
nd threw upon the pyre; he also put twelve brave
sons of noble Trojans to the sword and laid them with the rest, for
he was full of bitterness and fury. Then he committed all to the resistless
and devouring might of the fire; he groaned aloud and callid on his
dead comrade by name. "Fare well," he cried, "Patroclus, even in the
house of Hades; I am now doing all that I have promised you. Twelve
brave sons of noble Trojans shall the flames consume along with yourself,
but dogs, not fire, shall devour the flesM
h of Hector son of Priam."
Thus did he vaunt, but the dogs came not about the body of Hector,
for Jove's daughter Venus kept them off him night and day, and anointed
him with ambrosial oil of roses that his flesh might not be torn when
Achilles was dragging him about. Phoebus Apollo moreover sent a dark
cloud from heaven to earth, which gave shade to the whole place where
Hector lay, that the heat of the sun might not parch his body.
Now the pyre about dead Patroclus would not kindle. Achilles therefore
bethought him of another matter; he went apart and prayed to the two
winds Boreas and Zephyrus vowing them goodly offerings. He made them
many drink-offerings from the golden cup and besought them to come
and help him that the wood might make haste to kindle and the dead
bodies be consumed. Fleet Iris heard him praying and started off to
fetch the winds. They were holding high feast in the house of boisterous
Zephyrus when Iris came running up to the stone threshold of the house
and stood there, but as soonM
as they set eyes on her they all came
towards her and each of them called her to him, but Iris would not
sit down. "I cannot stay," she said, "I must go back to the streams
of Oceanus and the land of the Ethiopians who are offering hecatombs
to the immortals, and I would have my share; but Achilles prays that
Boreas and shrill Zephyrus will come to him, and he vows them goodly
offerings; he would have you blow upon the pyre of Patroclus for whom
all the Achaeans are lamenting."
With this she left them, M
and the two winds rose with a cry that rent
the air and swept the clouds before them. They blew on and on until
they came to the sea, and the waves rose high beneath them, but when
they reached Troy they fell upon the pyre till the mighty flames roared
under the blast that they blew. All night long did they blow hard
and beat upon the fire, and all night long did Achilles grasp his
double cup, drawing wine from a mixing-bowl of gold, and calling upon
the spirit of dead Patroclus as he poured it upon the grouM
the earth was drenched. As a father mourns when he is burning the
bones of his bridegroom son whose death has wrung the hearts of his
parents, even so did Achilles mourn while burning the body of his
comrade, pacing round the bier with piteous groaning and lamentation.
At length as the Morning Star was beginning to herald the light which
saffron-mantled Dawn was soon to suffuse over the sea, the flames
fell and the fire began to die. The winds then went home beyond the
Thracian sea, which roared M
and boiled as they swept over it. The son
of Peleus now turned away from the pyre and lay down, overcome with
toil, till he fell into a sweet slumber. Presently they who were about
the son of Atreus drew near in a body, and roused him with the noise
and tramp of their coming. He sat upright and said, "Son of Atreus,
and all other princes of the Achaeans, first pour red wine everywhere
upon the fire and quench it; let us then gather the bones of Patroclus
son of Menoetius, singling them out with care; they arM
for they lie in the middle of the pyre, while all else, both men and
horses, has been thrown in a heap and burned at the outer edge. We
will lay the bones in a golden urn, in two layers of fat, against
the time when I shall myself go down into the house of Hades. As for
the barrow, labour not to raise a great one now, but such as is reasonable.
Afterwards, let those Achaeans who may be left at the ships when I
am gone, build it both broad and high."
Thus he spoke and they obeyed the word M
of the son of Peleus. First
they poured red wine upon the thick layer of ashes and quenched the
fire. With many tears they singled out the whitened bones of their
loved comrade and laid them within a golden urn in two layers of fat:
they then covered the urn with a linen cloth and took it inside the
tent. They marked off the circle where the barrow should be, made
a foundation for it about the pyre, and forthwith heaped up the earth.
When they had thus raised a mound they were going away, but Achilles
d the people and made them sit in assembly. He brought prizes
from the ships-cauldrons, tripods, horses and mules, noble oxen, women
with fair girdles, and swart iron.
The first prize he offered was for the chariot races- a woman skilled
in all useful arts, and a three-legged cauldron that had ears for
handles, and would hold twenty-two measures. This was for the man
who came in first. For the second there was a six-year old mare, unbroken,
and in foal to a he-ass; the third was to have a goodly cauldron M
had never yet been on the fire; it was still bright as when it left
the maker, and would hold four measures. The fourth prize was two
talents of gold, and the fifth a two-handled urn as yet unsoiled by
smoke. Then he stood up and spoke among the Argives saying-
"Son of Atreus, and all other Achaeans, these are the prizes that
lie waiting the winners of the chariot races. At any other time I
should carry off the first prize and take it to my own tent; you know
how far my steeds excel all others- for tM
hey are immortal; Neptune
gave them to my father Peleus, who in his turn gave them to myself;
but I shall hold aloof, I and my steeds that have lost their brave
and kind driver, who many a time has washed them in clear water and
anointed their manes with oil. See how they stand weeping here, with
their manes trailing on the ground in the extremity of their sorrow.
But do you others set yourselves in order throughout the host, whosoever
has confidence in his horses and in the strength of his chariot."
spoke the son of Peleus and the drivers of chariots bestirred
themselves. First among them all uprose Eumelus, king of men, son
of Admetus, a man excellent in horsemanship. Next to him rose mighty
Diomed son of Tydeus; he yoked the Trojan horses which he had taken
from Aeneas, when Apollo bore him out of the fight. Next to him, yellow-haired
Menelaus son of Atreus rose and yoked his fleet horses, Agamemnon's
mare Aethe, and his own horse Podargus. The mare had been given to
Agamemnon by echepolus son of AncM
hises, that he might not have to
follow him to Ilius, but might stay at home and take his ease; for
Jove had endowed him with great wealth and he lived in spacious Sicyon.
This mare, all eager for the race, did Menelaus put under the yoke.
Fourth in order Antilochus, son to noble Nestor son of Neleus, made
ready his horses. These were bred in Pylos, and his father came up
to him to give him good advice of which, however, he stood in but
little need. "Antilochus," said Nestor, "you are young, but Jove and
Neptune have loved you well, and have made you an excellent horseman.
I need not therefore say much by way of instruction. You are skilful
at wheeling your horses round the post, but the horses themselves
are very slow, and it is this that will, I fear, mar your chances.
The other drivers know less than you do, but their horses are fleeter;
therefore, my dear son, see if you cannot hit upon some artifice whereby
you may insure that the prize shall not slip through your fingers.
The woodman does more by skillM
than by brute force; by skill the pilot
guides his storm-tossed barque over the sea, and so by skill one driver
can beat another. If a man go wide in rounding this way and that,
whereas a man who knows what he is doing may have worse horses, but
he will keep them well in hand when he sees the doubling-post; he
knows the precise moment at which to pull the rein, and keeps his
eye well on the man in front of him. I will give you this certain
token which cannot escape your notice. There is a stump of a dead
ree-oak or pine as it may be- some six feet above the ground, and
not yet rotted away by rain; it stands at the fork of the road; it
has two white stones set one on each side, and there is a clear course
all round it. It may have been a monument to some one long since dead,
or it may have been used as a doubling-post in days gone by; now,
however, it has been fixed on by Achilles as the mark round which
the chariots shall turn; hug it as close as you can, but as you stand
in your chariot lean over a little tM
o the left; urge on your right-hand
horse with voice and lash, and give him a loose rein, but let the
left-hand horse keep so close in, that the nave of your wheel shall
almost graze the post; but mind the stone, or you will wound your
horses and break your chariot in pieces, which would be sport for
others but confusion for yourself. Therefore, my dear son, mind well
what you are about, for if you can be first to round the post there
is no chance of any one giving you the goby later, not even though
d Adrestus's horse Arion behind you horse which is of divine
race- or those of Laomedon, which are the noblest in this country."
When Nestor had made an end of counselling his son he sat down in
his place, and fifth in order Meriones got ready his horses. They
then all mounted their chariots and cast lots.- Achilles shook the
helmet, and the lot of Antilochus son of Nestor fell out first; next
came that of King Eumelus, and after his, those of Menelaus son of
Atreus and of Meriones. The last place fell to M
the lot of Diomed son
of Tydeus, who was the best man of them all. They took their places
in line; Achilles showed them the doubling-post round which they were
to turn, some way off upon the plain; here he stationed his father's
follower Phoenix as umpire, to note the running, and report truly.
At the same instant they all of them lashed their horses, struck them
with the reins, and shouted at them with all their might. They flew
full speed over the plain away from the ships, the dust rose from
as it were a cloud or whirlwind, and their manes were all
flying in the wind. At one moment the chariots seemed to touch the
ground, and then again they bounded into the air; the drivers stood
erect, and their hearts beat fast and furious in their lust of victory.
Each kept calling on his horses, and the horses scoured the plain
amid the clouds of dust that they raised.
It was when they were doing the last part of the course on their way
back towards the sea that their pace was strained to the utmost andM
it was seen what each could do. The horses of the descendant of Pheres
now took the lead, and close behind them came the Trojan stallions
of Diomed. They seemed as if about to mount Eumelus's chariot, and
he could feel their warm breath on his back and on his broad shoulders,
for their heads were close to him as they flew over the course. Diomed
would have now passed him, or there would have been a dead heat, but
Phoebus Apollo to spite him made him drop his whip. Tears of anger
fell from his eyes as he saM
w the mares going on faster than ever,
while his own horses lost ground through his having no whip. Minerva
saw the trick which Apollo had played the son of Tydeus, so she brought
him his whip and put spirit into his horses; moreover she went after
the son of Admetus in a rage and broke his yoke for him; the mares
went one to one side the course, and the other to the other, and the
pole was broken against the ground. Eumelus was thrown from his chariot
close to the wheel; his elbows, mouth, and nostrils wereM
and his forehead was bruised above his eyebrows; his eyes filled with
tears and he could find no utterance. But the son of Tydeus turned
his horses aside and shot far ahead, for Minerva put fresh strength
into them and covered Diomed himself with glory.
Menelaus son of Atreus came next behind him, but Antilochus called
to his father's horses. "On with you both," he cried, "and do your
very utmost. I do not bid you try to beat the steeds of the son of
Tydeus, for Minerva has put running into thM
em, and has covered Diomed
with glory; but you must overtake the horses of the son of Atreus
and not be left behind, or Aethe who is so fleet will taunt you. Why,
my good fellows, are you lagging? I tell you, and it shall surely
be- Nestor will keep neither of you, but will put both of you to the
sword, if we win any the worse a prize through your carelessness,
fly after them at your utmost speed; I will hit on a plan for passing
them in a narrow part of the way, and it shall not fail me."
rebuke of their master, and for a short space went
quicker. Presently Antilochus saw a narrow place where the road had
sunk. The ground was broken, for the winter's rain had gathered and
had worn the road so that the whole place was deepened. Menelaus was
making towards it so as to get there first, for fear of a foul, but
Antilochus turned his horses out of the way, and followed him a little
on one side. The son of Atreus was afraid and shouted out, "Antilochus,
you are driving recklessly; rein in your horsM
es; the road is too narrow
here, it will be wider soon, and you can pass me then; if you foul
my chariot you may bring both of us to a mischief."
But Antilochus plied his whip, and drove faster, as though he had
not heard him. They went side by side for about as far as a young
man can hurl a disc from his shoulder when he is trying his strength,
and then Menelaus's mares drew behind, for he left off driving for
fear the horses should foul one another and upset the chariots; thus,
while pressing on in queM
st of victory, they might both come headlong
to the ground. Menelaus then upbraided Antilochus and said, "There
is no greater trickster living than you are; go, and bad luck go with
you; the Achaeans say not well that you have understanding, and come
what may you shall not bear away the prize without sworn protest on
Then he called on his horses and said to them, "Keep your pace, and
slacken not; the limbs of the other horses will weary sooner than
yours, for they are neither of them young."
The horses feared the rebuke of their master, and went faster, so
that they were soon nearly up with the others.
Meanwhile the Achaeans from their seats were watching how the horses
went, as they scoured the plain amid clouds of their own dust. Idomeneus
captain of the Cretans was first to make out the running, for he was
not in the thick of the crowd, but stood on the most commanding part
of the ground. The driver was a long way off, but Idomeneus could
hear him shouting, and could see the foremost horM
a chestnut with a round white star, like the moon, on its forehead.
He stood up and said among the Argives, "My friends, princes and counsellors
of the Argives, can you see the running as well as I can? There seems
to be another pair in front now, and another driver; those that led
off at the start must have been disabled out on the plain. I saw them
at first making their way round the doubling-post, but now, though
I search the plain of Troy, I cannot find them. Perhaps the reins
m the driver's hand so that he lost command of his horses
at the doubling-post, and could not turn it. I suppose he must have
been thrown out there, and broken his chariot, while his mares have
left the course and gone off wildly in a panic. Come up and see for
yourselves, I cannot make out for certain, but the driver seems an
Aetolian by descent, ruler over the Argives, brave Diomed the son
Ajax the son of Oileus took him up rudely and said, "Idomeneus, why
should you be in such a hurry to tM
ell us all about it, when the mares
are still so far out upon the plain? You are none of the youngest,
nor your eyes none of the sharpest, but you are always laying down
the law. You have no right to do so, for there are better men here
than you are. Eumelus's horses are in front now, as they always have
been, and he is on the chariot holding the reins."
The captain of the Cretans was angry, and answered, "Ajax you are
an excellent railer, but you have no judgement, and are wanting in
much else as well, M
for you have a vile temper. I will wager you a
tripod or cauldron, and Agamemnon son of Atreus shall decide whose
horses are first. You will then know to your cost."
Ajax son of Oileus was for making him an angry answer, and there would
have been yet further brawling between them, had not Achilles risen
in his place and said, "Cease your railing Ajax and Idomeneus; it
is not you would be scandalised if you saw any one else do the like:
sit down and keep your eyes on the horses; they are speeding towards
the winning-post and will be bere directly. You will then both of
you know whose horses are first, and whose come after."
As he was speaking, the son of Tydeus came driving in, plying his
whip lustily from his shoulder, and his horses stepping high as they
flew over the course. The sand and grit rained thick on the driver,
and the chariot inlaid with gold and tin ran close behind his fleet
horses. There was little trace of wheel-marks in the fine dust, and
the horses came flying in at their utmost speed. M
in the middle of the crowd, and the sweat from their manes and chests
fell in streams on to the ground. Forthwith he sprang from his goodly
chariot, and leaned his whip against his horses' yoke; brave Sthenelus
now lost no time, but at once brought on the prize, and gave the woman
and the ear-handled cauldron to his comrades to take away. Then he
unyoked the horses.
Next after him came in Antilochus of the race of Neleus, who had passed
Menelaus by a trick and not by the fleetness of hM
so Menelaus came in as close behind him as the wheel is to the horse
that draws both the chariot and its master. The end hairs of a horse's
tail touch the tyre of the wheel, and there is never much space between
wheel and horse when the chariot is going; Menelaus was no further
than this behind Antilochus, though at first he had been a full disc's
throw behind him. He had soon caught him up again, for Agamemnon's
mare Aethe kept pulling stronger and stronger, so that if the course
en longer he would have passed him, and there would not even
have been a dead heat. Idomeneus's brave squire Meriones was about
a spear's cast behind Menelaus. His horses were slowest of all, and
he was the worst driver. Last of them all came the son of Admetus,
dragging his chariot and driving his horses on in front. When Achilles
saw him he was sorry, and stood up among the Argives saying, "The
best man is coming in last. Let us give him a prize for it is reasonable.
He shall have the second, but the firstM
must go to the son of Tydeus."
Thus did he speak and the others all of them applauded his saying,
and were for doing as he had said, but Nestor's son Antilochus stood
up and claimed his rights from the son of Peleus. "Achilles," said
he, "I shall take it much amiss if you do this thing; you would rob
me of my prize, because you think Eumelus's chariot and horses were
thrown out, and himself too, good man that he is. He should have prayed
duly to the immortals; he would not have come in fast if he had doneM
so. If you are sorry for him and so choose, you have much gold in
your tents, with bronze, sheep, cattle and horses. Take something
from this store if you would have the Achaeans speak well of you,
and give him a better prize even than that which you have now offered;
but I will not give up the mare, and he that will fight me for her,
Achilles smiled as he heard this, and was pleased with Antilochus,
who was one of his dearest comrades. So he said-
"Antilochus, if you would have meM
find Eumelus another prize, I will
give him the bronze breastplate with a rim of tin running all round
it which I took from Asteropaeus. It will be worth much money to him."
He bade his comrade Automedon bring the breastplate from his tent,
and he did so. Achilles then gave it over to Eumelus, who received
But Menelaus got up in a rage, furiously angry with Antilochus. An
attendant placed his staff in his hands and bade the Argives keep
silence: the hero then addressed them. "Antilochus," sM
is this from you who have been so far blameless? You have made me
cut a poor figure and baulked my horses by flinging your own in front
of them, though yours are much worse than mine are; therefore, O princes
and counsellors of the Argives, judge between us and show no favour,
lest one of the Achaeans say, 'Menelaus has got the mare through lying
and corruption; his horses were far inferior to Antilochus's, but
he has greater weight and influence.' Nay, I will determine the matter
no man will blame me, for I shall do what is just. Come
here, Antilochus, and stand, as our custom is, whip in hand before
your chariot and horses; lay your hand on your steeds, and swear by
earth-encircling Neptune that you did not purposely and guilefully
get in the way of my horses."
And Antilochus answered, "Forgive me; I am much younger, King Menelaus,
than you are; you stand higher than I do and are the better man of
the two; you know how easily young men are betrayed into indiscretion;
rs are more hasty and they have less judgement; make due
allowances therefore, and bear with me; I will of my own accord give
up the mare that I have won, and if you claim any further chattel
from my own possessions, I would rather yield it to you, at once,
than fall from your good graces henceforth, and do wrong in the sight
The son of Nestor then took the mare and gave her over to Menelaus,
whose anger was thus appeased; as when dew falls upon a field of ripening
corn, and the lands are briM
stling with the harvest- even so, O Menelaus,
was your heart made glad within you. He turned to Antilochus and said,
"Now, Antilochus, angry though I have been, I can give way to you
of my own free will; you have never been headstrong nor ill-disposed
hitherto, but this time your youth has got the better of your judgement;
be careful how you outwit your betters in future; no one else could
have brought me round so easily, but your good father, your brother,
and yourself have all of you had infinite trouble oM
therefore yield to your entreaty, and will give up the mare to you,
mine though it indeed be; the people will thus see that I am neither
harsh nor vindictive."
With this he gave the mare over to Antilochus's comrade Noemon, and
then took the cauldron. Meriones, who had come in fourth, carried
off the two talents of gold, and the fifth prize, the two-handled
urn, being unawarded, Achilles gave it to Nestor, going up to him
among the assembled Argives and saying, "Take this, my good old frieM
as an heirloom and memorial of the funeral of Patroclus- for you shall
see him no more among the Argives. I give you this prize though you
cannot win one; you can now neither wrestle nor fight, and cannot
enter for the javelin-match nor foot-races, for the hand of age has
been laid heavily upon you."
So saying he gave the urn over to Nestor, who received it gladly and
answered, "My son, all that you have said is true; there is no strength
now in my legs and feet, nor can I hit out with my hands from M
shoulder. Would that I were still young and strong as when the Epeans
were burying King Amarynceus in Buprasium, and his sons offered prizes
in his honour. There was then none that could vie with me neither
of the Epeans nor the Pylians themselves nor the Aetolians. In boxing
I overcame Clytomedes son of Enops, and in wrestling, Ancaeus of Pleuron
who had come forward against me. Iphiclus was a good runner, but I
beat him, and threw farther with my spear than either Phyleus or Polydorus.
acing alone did the two sons of Actor surpass me by crowding
their horses in front of me, for they were angry at the way victory
had gone, and at the greater part of the prizes remaining in the place
in which they had been offered. They were twins, and the one kept
on holding the reins, and holding the reins, while the other plied
the whip. Such was I then, but now I must leave these matters to younger
men; I must bow before the weight of years, but in those days I was
eminent among heroes. And now, sir, go M
on with the funeral contests
in honour of your comrade: gladly do I accept this urn, and my heart
rejoices that you do not forget me but are ever mindful of my goodwill
towards you, and of the respect due to me from the Achaeans. For all
which may the grace of heaven be vouchsafed you in great abundance."
Thereon the son of Peleus, when he had listened to all the thanks
of Nestor, went about among the concourse of the Achaeans, and presently
offered prizes for skill in the painful art of boxing. He broughtM
out a strong mule, and made it fast in the middle of the crowd- a
she-mule never yet broken, but six years old- when it is hardest of
all to break them: this was for the victor, and for the vanquished
he offered a double cup. Then he stood up and said among the Argives,
"Son of Atreus, and all other Achaeans, I invite our two champion
boxers to lay about them lustily and compete for these prizes. He
to whom Apollo vouchsafes the greater endurance, and whom the Achaeans
acknowledge as victor, shall take theM
mule back with him to his own
tent, while he that is vanquished shall have the double cup."
As he spoke there stood up a champion both brave and great stature,
a skilful boxer, Epeus, son of Panopeus. He laid his hand on the mule
and said, "Let the man who is to have the cup come hither, for none
but myself will take the mule. I am the best boxer of all here present,
and none can beat me. Is it not enough that I should fall short of
you in actual fighting? Still, no man can be good at everything. I
you plainly, and it shall come true; if any man will box with
me I will bruise his body and break his bones; therefore let his friends
stay here in a body and be at hand to take him away when I have done
They all held their peace, and no man rose save Euryalus son of Mecisteus,
who was son of Talaus. Mecisteus went once to Thebes after the fall
of Oedipus, to attend his funeral, and he beat all the people of Cadmus.
The son of Tydeus was Euryalus's second, cheering him on and hoping
hat he would win. First he put a waistband round him and
then he gave him some well-cut thongs of ox-hide; the two men being
now girt went into the middle of the ring, and immediately fell to;
heavily indeed did they punish one another and lay about them with
their brawny fists. One could hear the horrid crashing of their jaws,
and they sweated from every pore of their skin. Presently Epeus came
on and gave Euryalus a blow on the jaw as he was looking round; Euryalus
could not keep his legs; they gave way unM
der him in a moment and he
sprang up with a bound, as a fish leaps into the air near some shore
that is all bestrewn with sea-wrack, when Boreas furs the top of the
waves, and then falls back into deep water. But noble Epeus caught
hold of him and raised him up; his comrades also came round him and
led him from the ring, unsteady in his gait, his head hanging on one
side, and spitting great clots of gore. They set him down in a swoon
and then went to fetch the double cup.
The son of Peleus now brought ouM
t the prizes for the third contest
and showed them to the Argives. These were for the painful art of
wrestling. For the winner there was a great tripod ready for setting
upon the fire, and the Achaeans valued it among themselves at twelve
oxen. For the loser he brought out a woman skilled in all manner of
arts, and they valued her at four oxen. He rose and said among the
Argives, "Stand forward, you who will essay this contest."
Forthwith uprose great Ajax the son of Telamon, and crafty Ulysses,
iles rose also. The two girded themselves and went into the
middle of the ring. They gripped each other in their strong hands
like the rafters which some master-builder frames for the roof of
a high house to keep the wind out. Their backbones cracked as they
tugged at one another with their mighty arms- and sweat rained from
them in torrents. Many a bloody weal sprang up on their sides and
shoulders, but they kept on striving with might and main for victory
and to win the tripod. Ulysses could not throw AjaxM
Ulysses was too strong for him; but when the Achaeans began to tire
of watching them, Ajax said to ulysses, "Ulysses, noble son of Laertes,
you shall either lift me, or I you, and let Jove settle it between
He lifted him from the ground as he spoke, but Ulysses did not forget
his cunning. He hit Ajax in the hollow at back of his knee, so that
he could not keep his feet, but fell on his back with Ulysses lying
upon his chest, and all who saw it marvelled. Then Ulysses in turn
Ajax and stirred him a little from the ground but could not
lift him right off it, his knee sank under him, and the two fell side
by side on the ground and were all begrimed with dust. They now sprang
towards one another and were for wrestling yet a third time, but Achilles
rose and stayed them. "Put not each other further," said he, "to such
cruel suffering; the victory is with both alike, take each of you
an equal prize, and let the other Achaeans now compete."
Thus did he speak and they did even as he hM
ad said, and put on their
shirts again after wiping the dust from off their bodies.
The son of Peleus then offered prizes for speed in running- a mixing-bowl
beautifully wrought, of pure silver. It would hold six measures, and
far exceeded all others in the whole world for beauty; it was the
work of cunning artificers in Sidon, and had been brought into port
by Phoenicians from beyond the sea, who had made a present of it to
Thoas. Eueneus son of jason had given it to Patroclus in ransom of
caon, and Achilles now offered it as a prize in honour
of his comrade to him who should be the swiftest runner. For the second
prize he offered a large ox, well fattened, while for the last there
was to be half a talent of gold. He then rose and said among the Argives,
"Stand forward, you who will essay this contest."
Forthwith uprose fleet Ajax son of Oileus, with cunning Ulysses, and
Nestor's son Antilochus, the fastest runner among all the youth of
his time. They stood side by side and Achilles showed M
The course was set out for them from the starting-post, and the son
of Oileus took the lead at once, with Ulysses as close behind him
as the shuttle is to a woman's bosom when she throws the woof across
the warp and holds it close up to her; even so close behind him was
Ulysses- treading in his footprints before the dust could settle there,
and Ajax could feel his breath on the back of his head as he ran swiftly
on. The Achaeans all shouted applause as they saw him straining his
heered him as he shot past them; but when they were now
nearing the end of the course Ulysses prayed inwardly to Minerva.
"Hear me," he cried, "and help my feet, O goddess." Thus did he pray,
and Pallas Minerva heard his prayer; she made his hands and his feet
feel light, and when the runners were at the point of pouncing upon
the prize, Ajax, through Minerva's spite slipped upon some offal that
was lying there from the cattle which Achilles had slaughtered in
honour of Patroclus, and his mouth and nostrils M
were all filled with
cow dung. Ulysses therefore carried off the mixing-bowl, for he got
before Ajax and came in first. But Ajax took the ox and stood with
his hand on one of its horns, spitting the dung out of his mouth.
Then he said to the Argives, "Alas, the goddess has spoiled my running;
she watches over Ulysses and stands by him as though she were his
own mother." Thus did he speak and they all of them laughed heartily.
Antilochus carried off the last prize and smiled as he said to the
You all see, my friends, that now too the gods have shown
their respect for seniority. Ajax is somewhat older than I am, and
as for Ulysses, he belongs to an earlier generation, but he is hale
in spite of his years, and no man of the Achaeans can run against
him save only Achilles."
He said this to pay a compliment to the son of Peleus, and Achilles
answered, "Antilochus, you shall not have praised me to no purpose;
I shall give you an additional half talent of gold." He then gave
the half talent to AntiM
lochus, who received it gladly.
Then the son of Peleus brought out the spear, helmet and shield that
had been borne by Sarpedon, and were taken from him by Patroclus.
He stood up and said among the Argives, "We bid two champions put
on their armour, take their keen blades, and make trial of one another
in the presence of the multitude; whichever of them can first wound
the flesh of the other, cut through his armour, and draw blood, to
him will I give this goodly Thracian sword inlaid with silver, which
took from Asteropaeus, but the armour let both hold in partnership,
and I will give each of them a hearty meal in my own tent."
Forthwith uprose great Ajax the son of Telamon, as also mighty Diomed
son of Tydeus. When they had put on their armour each on his own side
of the ring, they both went into the middle eager to engage, and with
fire flashing from their eyes. The Achaeans marvelled as they beheld
them, and when the two were now close up with one another, thrice
did they spring forward and thrice trM
y to strike each other in close
combat. Ajax pierced Diomed's round shield, but did not draw blood,
for the cuirass beneath the shield protected him; thereon the son
of Tydeus from over his huge shield kept aiming continually at Ajax's
neck with the point of his spear, and the Achaeans alarmed for his
safety bade them leave off fighting and divide the prize between them.
Achilles then gave the great sword to the son of Tydeus, with its
scabbard, and the leathern belt with which to hang it.
offered the massive iron quoit which mighty Eetion had
erewhile been used to hurl, until Achilles had slain him and carried
it off in his ships along with other spoils. He stood up and said
among the Argives, "Stand forward, you who would essay this contest.
He who wins it will have a store of iron that will last him five years
as they go rolling round, and if his fair fields lie far from a town
his shepherd or ploughman will not have to make a journey to buy iron,
for he will have a stock of it on his own pM
Then uprose the two mighty men Polypoetes and Leonteus, with Ajax
son of Telamon and noble Epeus. They stood up one after the other
and Epeus took the quoit, whirled it, and flung it from him, which
set all the Achaeans laughing. After him threw Leonteus of the race
of Mars. Ajax son of Telamon threw third, and sent the quoit beyond
any mark that had been made yet, but when mighty Polypoetes took the
quoit he hurled it as though it had been a stockman's stick which
he sends flying about among hM
is cattle when he is driving them, so
far did his throw out-distance those of the others. All who saw it
roared applause, and his comrades carried the prize for him and set
it on board his ship.
Achilles next offered a prize of iron for archery- ten double-edged
axes and ten with single eddies: he set up a ship's mast, some way
off upon the sands, and with a fine string tied a pigeon to it by
the foot; this was what they were to aim at. "Whoever," he said, "can
hit the pigeon shall have all the axes and M
take them away with him;
he who hits the string without hitting the bird will have taken a
worse aim and shall have the single-edged axes."
Then uprose King Teucer, and Meriones the stalwart squire of Idomeneus
rose also, They cast lots in a bronze helmet and the lot of Teucer
fell first. He let fly with his arrow forthwith, but he did not promise
hecatombs of firstling lambs to King Apollo, and missed his bird,
for Apollo foiled his aim; but he hit the string with which the bird
was tied, near its foot;M
the arrow cut the string clean through so
that it hung down towards the ground, while the bird flew up into
the sky, and the Achaeans shouted applause. Meriones, who had his
arrow ready while Teucer was aiming, snatched the bow out of his hand,
and at once promised that he would sacrifice a hecatomb of firstling
lambs to Apollo lord of the bow; then espying the pigeon high up under
the clouds, he hit her in the middle of the wing as she was circling
upwards; the arrow went clean through the wing and fixed iM
the ground at Meriones' feet, but the bird perched on the ship's mast
hanging her head and with all her feathers drooping; the life went
out of her, and she fell heavily from the mast. Meriones, therefore,
took all ten double-edged axes, while Teucer bore off the single-edged
Then the son of Peleus brought in a spear and a cauldron that had
never been on the fire; it was worth an ox, and was chased with a
pattern of flowers; and those that throw the javelin stood up- to
he son of Atreus, king of men Agamemnon, and Meriones, stalwart
squire of Idomeneus. But Achilles spoke saying, "Son of Atreus, we
know how far you excel all others both in power and in throwing the
javelin; take the cauldron back with you to your ships, but if it
so please you, let us give the spear to Meriones; this at least is
what I should myself wish."
King Agamemnon assented. So he gave the bronze spear to Meriones,
and handed the goodly cauldron to Talthybius his esquire.
-----------------------M
-----------------------------------------------
The assembly now broke up and the people went their ways each to
his own ship. There they made ready their supper, and then bethought
them of the blessed boon of sleep; but Achilles still wept for thinking
of his dear comrade, and sleep, before whom all things bow, could
take no hold upon him. This way and that did he turn as he yearned
after the might and manfulness of Patroclus; he thought of all they
had done together, and all they had gone thM
rough both on the field
of battle and on the waves of the weary sea. As he dwelt on these
things he wept bitterly and lay now on his side, now on his back,
and now face downwards, till at last he rose and went out as one distraught
to wander upon the seashore. Then, when he saw dawn breaking over
beach and sea, he yoked his horses to his chariot, and bound the body
of Hector behind it that he might drag it about. Thrice did he drag
it round the tomb of the son of Menoetius, and then went back into
leaving the body on the ground full length and with its
face downwards. But Apollo would not suffer it to be disfigured, for
he pitied the man, dead though he now was; therefore he shielded him
with his golden aegis continually, that he might take no hurt while
Achilles was dragging him.
Thus shamefully did Achilles in his fury dishonour Hector; but the
blessed gods looked down in pity from heaven, and urged Mercury, slayer
of Argus, to steal the body. All were of this mind save only Juno,
Jove's grey-eyed daughter, who persisted in the hate
which they had ever borne towards Ilius with Priam and his people;
for they forgave not the wrong done them by Alexandrus in disdaining
the goddesses who came to him when he was in his sheepyards, and preferring
her who had offered him a wanton to his ruin.
When, therefore, the morning of the twelfth day had now come, Phoebus
Apollo spoke among the immortals saying, "You gods ought to be ashamed
of yourselves; you are cruel and hard-hearted. Did not HecM
you thigh-bones of heifers and of unblemished goats? And now dare
you not rescue even his dead body, for his wife to look upon, with
his mother and child, his father Priam, and his people, who would
forthwith commit him to the flames, and give him his due funeral rites?
So, then, you would all be on the side of mad Achilles, who knows
neither right nor ruth? He is like some savage lion that in the pride
of his great strength and daring springs upon men's flocks and gorges
on them. Even so has AchilM
les flung aside all pity, and all that conscience
which at once so greatly banes yet greatly boons him that will heed
it. man may lose one far dearer than Achilles has lost- a son, it
may be, or a brother born from his own mother's womb; yet when he
has mourned him and wept over him he will let him bide, for it takes
much sorrow to kill a man; whereas Achilles, now that he has slain
noble Hector, drags him behind his chariot round the tomb of his comrade.
It were better of him, and for him, that he should noM
brave though he be we gods may take it ill that he should vent his
fury upon dead clay."
Juno spoke up in a rage. "This were well," she cried, "O lord of the
silver bow, if you would give like honour to Hector and to Achilles;
but Hector was mortal and suckled at a woman's breast, whereas Achilles
is the offspring of a goddess whom I myself reared and brought up.
I married her to Peleus, who is above measure dear to the immortals;
you gods came all of you to her wedding; you feasted along wiM
yourself and brought your lyre- false, and fond of low company, that
you have ever been."
Then said Jove, "Juno, be not so bitter. Their honour shall not be
equal, but of all that dwell in Ilius, Hector was dearest to the gods,
as also to myself, for his offerings never failed me. Never was my
altar stinted of its dues, nor of the drink-offerings and savour of
sacrifice which we claim of right. I shall therefore permit the body
of mighty Hector to be stolen; and yet this may hardly be without
hilles coming to know it, for his mother keeps night and day beside
him. Let some one of you, therefore, send Thetis to me, and I will
impart my counsel to her, namely that Achilles is to accept a ransom
from Priam, and give up the body."
On this Iris fleet as the wind went forth to carry his message. Down
she plunged into the dark sea midway between Samos and rocky Imbrus;
the waters hissed as they closed over her, and she sank into the bottom
as the lead at the end of an ox-horn, that is sped to carry dM
to fishes. She found Thetis sitting in a great cave with the other
sea-goddesses gathered round her; there she sat in the midst of them
weeping for her noble son who was to fall far from his own land, on
the rich plains of Troy. Iris went up to her and said, "Rise Thetis;
Jove, whose counsels fail not, bids you come to him." And Thetis answered,
"Why does the mighty god so bid me? I am in great grief, and shrink
from going in and out among the immortals. Still, I will go, and the
word that he may speakM
shall not be spoken in vain."
The goddess took her dark veil, than which there can be no robe more
sombre, and went forth with fleet Iris leading the way before her.
The waves of the sea opened them a path, and when they reached the
shore they flew up into the heavens, where they found the all-seeing
son of Saturn with the blessed gods that live for ever assembled near
him. Minerva gave up her seat to her, and she sat down by the side
of father Jove. Juno then placed a fair golden cup in her hand, and
poke to her in words of comfort, whereon Thetis drank and gave her
back the cup; and the sire of gods and men was the first to speak.
"So, goddess," said he, "for all your sorrow, and the grief that I
well know reigns ever in your heart, you have come hither to Olympus,
and I will tell you why I have sent for you. This nine days past the
immortals have been quarrelling about Achilles waster of cities and
the body of Hector. The gods would have Mercury slayer of Argus steal
the body, but in furtherance of oM
ur peace and amity henceforward,
I will concede such honour to your son as I will now tell you. Go,
then, to the host and lay these commands upon him; say that the gods
are angry with him, and that I am myself more angry than them all,
in that he keeps Hector at the ships and will not give him up. He
may thus fear me and let the body go. At the same time I will send
Iris to great Priam to bid him go to the ships of the Achaeans, and
ransom his son, taking with him such gifts for Achilles as may give
Silver-footed Thetis did as the god had told her, and forthwith down
she darted from the topmost summits of Olympus. She went to her son's
tents where she found him grieving bitterly, while his trusty comrades
round him were busy preparing their morning meal, for which they had
killed a great woolly sheep. His mother sat down beside him and caressed
him with her hand saying, "My son, how long will you keep on thus
grieving and making moan? You are gnawing at your own heart, and think
f food nor of woman's embraces; and yet these too were well,
for you have no long time to live, and death with the strong hand
of fate are already close beside you. Now, therefore, heed what I
say, for I come as a messenger from Jove; he says that the gods are
angry with you, and himself more angry than them all, in that you
keep Hector at the ships and will not give him up. Therefore let him
go, and accept a ransom for his body."
And Achilles answered, "So be it. If Olympian Jove of his own motion
commands me, let him that brings the ransom bear the body away."
Thus did mother and son talk together at the ships in long discourse
with one another. Meanwhile the son of Saturn sent Iris to the strong
city of Ilius. "Go," said he, "fleet Iris, from the mansions of Olympus,
and tell King Priam in Ilius, that he is to go to the ships of the
Achaeans and free the body of his dear son. He is to take such gifts
with him as shall give satisfaction to Achilles, and he is to go alone,
with no other Trojan, saveM
only some honoured servant who may drive
his mules and waggon, and bring back the body of him whom noble Achilles
has slain. Let him have no thought nor fear of death in his heart,
for we will send the slayer of Argus to escort him, and bring him
within the tent of Achilles. Achilles will not kill him nor let another
do so, for he will take heed to his ways and sin not, and he will
entreat a suppliant with all honourable courtesy."
On this Iris, fleet as the wind, sped forth to deliver her message.
went to Priam's house, and found weeping and lamentation therein.
His sons were seated round their father in the outer courtyard, and
their raiment was wet with tears: the old man sat in the midst of
them with his mantle wrapped close about his body, and his head and
neck all covered with the filth which he had clutched as he lay grovelling
in the mire. His daughters and his sons' wives went wailing about
the house, as they thought of the many and brave men who lay dead,
slain by the Argives. The messenger oM
f Jove stood by Priam and spoke
softly to him, but fear fell upon him as she did so. "Take heart,"
she said, "Priam offspring of Dardanus, take heart and fear not. I
bring no evil tidings, but am minded well towards you. I come as a
messenger from Jove, who though he be not near, takes thought for
you and pities you. The lord of Olympus bids you go and ransom noble
Hector, and take with you such gifts as shall give satisfaction to
Achilles. You are to go alone, with no Trojan, save only some honoured
t who may drive your mules and waggon, and bring back to the
city the body of him whom noble Achilles has slain. You are to have
no thought, nor fear of death, for Jove will send the slayer of Argus
to escort you. When he has brought you within Achilles' tent, Achilles
will not kill you nor let another do so, for he will take heed to
his ways and sin not, and he will entreat a suppliant with all honourable
Iris went her way when she had thus spoken, and Priam told his sons
to get a mule-waggonM
ready, and to make the body of the waggon fast
upon the top of its bed. Then he went down into his fragrant store-room,
high-vaulted, and made of cedar-wood, where his many treasures were
kept, and he called Hecuba his wife. "Wife," said he, "a messenger
has come to me from Olympus, and has told me to go to the ships of
the Achaeans to ransom my dear son, taking with me such gifts as shall
give satisfaction to Achilles. What think you of this matter? for
my own part I am greatly moved to pass through the ofM
and go to their ships."
His wife cried aloud as she heard him, and said, "Alas, what has become
of that judgement for which you have been ever famous both among strangers
and your own people? How can you venture alone to the ships of the
Achaeans, and look into the face of him who has slain so many of your
brave sons? You must have iron courage, for if the cruel savage sees
you and lays hold on you, he will know neither respect nor pity. Let
us then weep Hector from afar here in our own houM
him birth the threads of overruling fate were spun for him that dogs
should eat his flesh far from his parents, in the house of that terrible
man on whose liver I would fain fasten and devour it. Thus would I
avenge my son, who showed no cowardice when Achilles slew him, and
thought neither of Right nor of avoiding battle as he stood in defence
of Trojan men and Trojan women."
Then Priam said, "I would go, do not therefore stay me nor be as a
bird of ill omen in my house, for you willM
not move me. Had it been
some mortal man who had sent me some prophet or priest who divines
from sacrifice- I should have deemed him false and have given him
no heed; but now I have heard the goddess and seen her face to face,
therefore I will go and her saying shall not be in vain. If it be
my fate to die at the ships of the Achaeans even so would I have it;
let Achilles slay me, if I may but first have taken my son in my arms
and mourned him to my heart's comforting."
So saying he lifted the lids of hM
is chests, and took out twelve goodly
vestments. He took also twelve cloaks of single fold, twelve rugs,
twelve fair mantles, and an equal number of shirts. He weighed out
ten talents of gold, and brought moreover two burnished tripods, four
cauldrons, and a very beautiful cup which the Thracians had given
him when he had gone to them on an embassy; it was very precious,
but he grudged not even this, so eager was he to ransom the body of
his son. Then he chased all the Trojans from the court and rebuked
m with words of anger. "Out," he cried, "shame and disgrace to
me that you are. Have you no grief in your own homes that you are
come to plague me here? Is it a small thing, think you, that the son
of Saturn has sent this sorrow upon me, to lose the bravest of my
sons? Nay, you shall prove it in person, for now he is gone the Achaeans
will have easier work in killing you. As for me, let me go down within
the house of Hades, ere mine eyes behold the sacking and wasting of
He drove the men away M
with his staff, and they went forth as the old
man sped them. Then he called to his sons, upbraiding Helenus, Paris,
noble Agathon, Pammon, Antiphonus, Polites of the loud battle-cry,
Deiphobus, Hippothous, and Dius. These nine did the old man call near
him. "Come to me at once," he cried, "worthless sons who do me shame;
would that you had all been killed at the ships rather than Hector.
Miserable man that I am, I have had the bravest sons in all Troy-
noble Nestor, Troilus the dauntless charioteer, and HecM
a god among men, so that one would have thought he was son to an immortal-
yet there is not one of them left. Mars has slain them and those of
whom I am ashamed are alone left me. Liars, and light of foot, heroes
of the dance, robbers of lambs and kids from your own people, why
do you not get a waggon ready for me at once, and put all these things
upon it that I may set out on my way?"
Thus did he speak, and they feared the rebuke of their father. They
brought out a strong mule-waggon, newly M
made, and set the body of
the waggon fast on its bed. They took the mule-yoke from the peg on
which it hung, a yoke of boxwood with a knob on the top of it and
rings for the reins to go through. Then they brought a yoke-band eleven
cubits long, to bind the yoke to the pole; they bound it on at the
far end of the pole, and put the ring over the upright pin making
it fast with three turns of the band on either side the knob, and
bending the thong of the yoke beneath it. This done, they brought
chamber the rich ransom that was to purchase the body
of Hector, and they set it all orderly on the waggon; then they yoked
the strong harness-mules which the Mysians had on a time given as
a goodly present to Priam; but for Priam himself they yoked horses
which the old king had bred, and kept for own use.
Thus heedfully did Priam and his servant see to the yolking of their
cars at the palace. Then Hecuba came to them all sorrowful, with a
golden goblet of wine in her right hand, that they might make a drM
before they set out. She stood in front of the horses and said, "Take
this, make a drink-offering to father Jove, and since you are minded
to go to the ships in spite of me, pray that you may come safely back
from the hands of your enemies. Pray to the son of Saturn lord of
the whirlwind, who sits on Ida and looks down over all Troy, pray
him to send his swift messenger on your right hand, the bird of omen
which is strongest and most dear to him of all birds, that you may
see it with your own eM
yes and trust it as you go forth to the ships
of the Danaans. If all-seeing Jove will not send you this messenger,
however set upon it you may be, I would not have you go to the ships
And Priam answered, "Wife, I will do as you desire me; it is well
to lift hands in prayer to Jove, if so be he may have mercy upon me."
With this the old man bade the serving-woman pour pure water over
his hands, and the woman came, bearing the water in a bowl. He washed
his hands and took the cup from hiM
s wife; then he made the drink-offering
and prayed, standing in the middle of the courtyard and turning his
eyes to heaven. "Father Jove," he said, "that rulest from Ida, most
glorious and most great, grant that I may be received kindly and compassionately
in the tents of Achilles; and send your swift messenger upon my right
hand, the bird of omen which is strongest and most dear to you of
all birds, that I may see it with my own eyes and trust it as I go
forth to the ships of the Danaans."
y, and Jove the lord of counsel heard his prayer. Forthwith
he sent an eagle, the most unerring portent of all birds that fly,
the dusky hunter that men also call the Black Eagle. His wings were
spread abroad on either side as wide as the well-made and well-bolted
door of a rich man's chamber. He came to them flying over the city
upon their right hands, and when they saw him they were glad and their
hearts took comfort within them. The old man made haste to mount his
chariot, and drove out through the inner M
gateway and under the echoing
gatehouse of the outer court. Before him went the mules drawing the
four-wheeled waggon, and driven by wise Idaeus; behind these were
the horses, which the old man lashed with his whip and drove swiftly
through the city, while his friends followed after, wailing and lamenting
for him as though he were on his road to death. As soon as they had
come down from the city and had reached the plain, his sons and sons-in-law
who had followed him went back to Ilius.
eus as they showed out upon the plain did not escape
the ken of all-seeing Jove, who looked down upon the old man and pitied
him; then he spoke to his son Mercury and said, "Mercury, for it is
you who are the most disposed to escort men on their way, and to hear
those whom you will hear, go, and so conduct Priam to the ships of
the Achaeans that no other of the Danaans shall see him nor take note
of him until he reach the son of Peleus."
Thus he spoke and Mercury, guide and guardian, slayer of Argus, did
as he was told. Forthwith he bound on his glittering golden sandals
with which he could fly like the wind over land and sea; he took the
wand with which he seals men's eyes in sleep, or wakes them just as
he pleases, and flew holding it in his hand till he came to Troy and
to the Hellespont. To look at, he was like a young man of noble birth
in the hey-day of his youth and beauty with the down just coming upon
Now when Priam and Idaeus had driven past the great tomb of Ilius,
mules and horses that they might drink in the river,
for the shades of night were falling, when, therefore, Idaeus saw
Mercury standing near them he said to Priam, "Take heed, descendant
of Dardanus; here is matter which demands consideration. I see a man
who I think will presently fall upon us; let us fly with our horses,
or at least embrace his knees and implore him to take compassion upon
When he heard this the old man's heart failed him, and he was in great
fear; he stayed where he was as one daM
zed, and the hair stood on end
over his whole body; but the bringer of good luck came up to him and
took him by the hand, saying, "Whither, father, are you thus driving
your mules and horses in the dead of night when other men are asleep?
Are you not afraid of the fierce Achaeans who are hard by you, so
cruel and relentless? Should some one of them see you bearing so much
treasure through the darkness of the flying night, what would not
your state then be? You are no longer young, and he who is with you
too old to protect you from those who would attack you. For myself,
I will do you no harm, and I will defend you from any one else, for
you remind me of my own father."
And Priam answered, "It is indeed as you say, my dear son; nevertheless
some god has held his hand over me, in that he has sent such a wayfarer
as yourself to meet me so Opportunely; you are so comely in mien and
figure, and your judgement is so excellent that you must come of blessed
Then said the slayer of Argus, guide and M
guardian, "Sir, all that
you have said is right; but tell me and tell me true, are you taking
this rich treasure to send it to a foreign people where it may be
safe, or are you all leaving strong Ilius in dismay now that your
son has fallen who was the bravest man among you and was never lacking
in battle with the Achaeans?"
And Priam said, "Wo are you, my friend, and who are your parents,
that you speak so truly about the fate of my unhappy son?"
The slayer of Argus, guide and guardian, answered him, M
prove me, that you question me about noble Hector. Many a time have
I set eyes upon him in battle when he was driving the Argives to their
ships and putting them to the sword. We stood still and marvelled,
for Achilles in his anger with the son of Atreus suffered us not to
fight. I am his squire, and came with him in the same ship. I am a
Myrmidon, and my father's name is Polyctor: he is a rich man and about
as old as you are; he has six sons besides myself, and I am the seventh.
s, and it fell upon me to sail hither with Achilles. I
am now come from the ships on to the plain, for with daybreak the
Achaeans will set battle in array about the city. They chafe at doing
nothing, and are so eager that their princes cannot hold them back."
Then answered Priam, "If you are indeed the squire of Achilles son
of Peleus, tell me now the Whole truth. Is my son still at the ships,
or has Achilles hewn him limb from limb, and given him to his hounds?"
"Sir," replied the slayer of Argus, guideM
and guardian, "neither hounds
nor vultures have yet devoured him; he is still just lying at the
tents by the ship of Achilles, and though it is now twelve days that
he has lain there, his flesh is not wasted nor have the worms eaten
him although they feed on warriors. At daybreak Achilles drags him
cruelly round the sepulchre of his dear comrade, but it does him no
hurt. You should come yourself and see how he lies fresh as dew, with
the blood all washed away, and his wounds every one of them closed
many pierced him with their spears. Such care have the blessed
gods taken of your brave son, for he was dear to them beyond all measure."
The old man was comforted as he heard him and said, "My son, see what
a good thing it is to have made due offerings to the immortals; for
as sure as that he was born my son never forgot the gods that hold
Olympus, and now they requite it to him even in death. Accept therefore
at my hands this goodly chalice; guard me and with heaven's help guide
me till I come to the teM
nt of the son of Peleus."
Then answered the slayer of Argus, guide and guardian, "Sir, you are
tempting me and playing upon my youth, but you shall not move me,
for you are offering me presents without the knowledge of Achilles
whom I fear and hold it great guiltless to defraud, lest some evil
presently befall me; but as your guide I would go with you even to
Argos itself, and would guard you so carefully whether by sea or land,
that no one should attack you through making light of him who was
The bringer of good luck then sprang on to the chariot, and seizing
the whip and reins he breathed fresh spirit into the mules and horses.
When they reached the trench and the wall that was before the ships,
those who were on guard had just been getting their suppers, and the
slayer of Argus threw them all into a deep sleep. Then he drew back
the bolts to open the gates, and took Priam inside with the treasure
he had upon his waggon. Ere long they came to the lofty dwelling of
the son of Peleus for whicM
h the Myrmidons had cut pine and which they
had built for their king; when they had built it they thatched it
with coarse tussock-grass which they had mown out on the plain, and
all round it they made a large courtyard, which was fenced with stakes
set close together. The gate was barred with a single bolt of pine
which it took three men to force into its place, and three to draw
back so as to open the gate, but Achilles could draw it by himself.
Mercury opened the gate for the old man, and brought in the trM
that he was taking with him for the son of Peleus. Then he sprang
from the chariot on to the ground and said, "Sir, it is I, immortal
Mercury, that am come with you, for my father sent me to escort you.
I will now leave you, and will not enter into the presence of Achilles,
for it might anger him that a god should befriend mortal men thus
openly. Go you within, and embrace the knees of the son of Peleus:
beseech him by his father, his lovely mother, and his son; thus you
words Mercury went back to high Olympus. Priam sprang from
his chariot to the ground, leaving Idaeus where he was, in charge
of the mules and horses. The old man went straight into the house
where Achilles, loved of the gods, was sitting. There he found him
with his men seated at a distance from him: only two, the hero Automedon,
and Alcimus of the race of Mars, were busy in attendance about his
person, for he had but just done eating and drinking, and the table
was still there. King Priam entered without tM
heir seeing him, and
going right up to Achilles he clasped his knees and kissed the dread
murderous hands that had slain so many of his sons.
As when some cruel spite has befallen a man that he should have killed
some one in his own country, and must fly to a great man's protection
in a land of strangers, and all marvel who see him, even so did Achilles
marvel as he beheld Priam. The others looked one to another and marvelled
also, but Priam besought Achilles saying, "Think of your father, O
e unto the gods, who is such even as I am, on the sad
threshold of old age. It may be that those who dwell near him harass
him, and there is none to keep war and ruin from him. Yet when he
hears of you being still alive, he is glad, and his days are full
of hope that he shall see his dear son come home to him from Troy;
but I, wretched man that I am, had the bravest in all Troy for my
sons, and there is not one of them left. I had fifty sons when the
Achaeans came here; nineteen of them were from a single woM
the others were borne to me by the women of my household. The greater
part of them has fierce Mars laid low, and Hector, him who was alone
left, him who was the guardian of the city and ourselves, him have
you lately slain; therefore I am now come to the ships of the Achaeans
to ransom his body from you with a great ransom. Fear, O Achilles,
the wrath of heaven; think on your own father and have compassion
upon me, who am the more pitiable, for I have steeled myself as no
man yet has ever steeled hiM
mself before me, and have raised to my
lips the hand of him who slew my son."
Thus spoke Priam, and the heart of Achilles yearned as he bethought
him of his father. He took the old man's hand and moved him gently
away. The two wept bitterly- Priam, as he lay at Achilles' feet, weeping
for Hector, and Achilles now for his father and now for Patroclous,
till the house was filled with their lamentation. But when Achilles
was now sated with grief and had unburthened the bitterness of his
sorrow, he left his M
seat and raised the old man by the hand, in pity
for his white hair and beard; then he said, "Unhappy man, you have
indeed been greatly daring; how could you venture to come alone to
the ships of the Achaeans, and enter the presence of him who has slain
so many of your brave sons? You must have iron courage: sit now upon
this seat, and for all our grief we will hide our sorrows in our hearts,
for weeping will not avail us. The immortals know no care, yet the
lot they spin for man is full of sorrow; on the flM
oor of Jove's palace
there stand two urns, the one filled with evil gifts, and the other
with good ones. He for whom Jove the lord of thunder mixes the gifts
he sends, will meet now with good and now with evil fortune; but he
to whom Jove sends none but evil gifts will be pointed at by the finger
of scorn, the hand of famine will pursue him to the ends of the world,
and he will go up and down the face of the earth, respected neither
by gods nor men. Even so did it befall Peleus; the gods endowed him
l good things from his birth upwards, for he reigned over the
Myrmidons excelling all men in prosperity and wealth, and mortal though
he was they gave him a goddess for his bride. But even on him too
did heaven send misfortune, for there is no race of royal children
born to him in his house, save one son who is doomed to die all untimely;
nor may I take care of him now that he is growing old, for I must
stay here at Troy to be the bane of you and your children. And you
too, O Priam, I have heard that you werM
e aforetime happy. They say
that in wealth and plenitude of offspring you surpassed all that is
in Lesbos, the realm of Makar to the northward, Phrygia that is more
inland, and those that dwell upon the great Hellespont; but from the
day when the dwellers in heaven sent this evil upon you, war and slaughter
have been about your city continually. Bear up against it, and let
there be some intervals in your sorrow. Mourn as you may for your
brave son, you will take nothing by it. You cannot raise him from
dead, ere you do so yet another sorrow shall befall you."
And Priam answered, "O king, bid me not be seated, while Hector is
still lying uncared for in your tents, but accept the great ransom
which I have brought you, and give him to me at once that I may look
upon him. May you prosper with the ransom and reach your own land
in safety, seeing that you have suffered me to live and to look upon
the light of the sun."
Achilles looked at him sternly and said, "Vex me, sir, no longer;
I am of myself minded M
to give up the body of Hector. My mother, daughter
of the old man of the sea, came to me from Jove to bid me deliver
it to you. Moreover I know well, O Priam, and you cannot hide it,
that some god has brought you to the ships of the Achaeans, for else,
no man however strong and in his prime would dare to come to our host;
he could neither pass our guard unseen, nor draw the bolt of my gates
thus easily; therefore, provoke me no further, lest I sin against
the word of Jove, and suffer you not, suppliant thougM
The old man feared him and obeyed. Then the son of Peleus sprang like
a lion through the door of his house, not alone, but with him went
his two squires Automedon and Alcimus who were closer to him than
any others of his comrades now that Patroclus was no more. These unyoked
the horses and mules, and bade Priam's herald and attendant be seated
within the house. They lifted the ransom for Hector's body from the
waggon. but they left two mantles and a goodly shirt, that AchilleM
might wrap the body in them when he gave it to be taken home. Then
he called to his servants and ordered them to wash the body and anoint
it, but he first took it to a place where Priam should not see it,
lest if he did so, he should break out in the bitterness of his grief,
and enrage Achilles, who might then kill him and sin against the word
of Jove. When the servants had washed the body and anointed it, and
had wrapped it in a fair shirt and mantle, Achilles himself lifted
it on to a bier, and he and hM
is men then laid it on the waggon. He
cried aloud as he did so and called on the name of his dear comrade,
"Be not angry with me, Patroclus," he said, "if you hear even in the
house of Hades that I have given Hector to his father for a ransom.
It has been no unworthy one, and I will share it equitably with you."
Achilles then went back into the tent and took his place on the richly
inlaid seat from which he had risen, by the wall that was at right
angles to the one against which Priam was sitting. "Sir," hM
"your son is now laid upon his bier and is ransomed according to desire;
you shall look upon him when you him away at daybreak; for the present
let us prepare our supper. Even lovely Niobe had to think about eating,
though her twelve children- six daughters and six lusty sons- had
been all slain in her house. Apollo killed the sons with arrows from
his silver bow, to punish Niobe, and Diana slew the daughters, because
Niobe had vaunted herself against Leto; she said Leto had borne two
whereas she had herself borne many- whereon the two
killed the many. Nine days did they lie weltering, and there was none
to bury them, for the son of Saturn turned the people into stone;
but on the tenth day the gods in heaven themselves buried them, and
Niobe then took food, being worn out with weeping. They say that somewhere
among the rocks on the mountain pastures of Sipylus, where the nymphs
live that haunt the river Achelous, there, they say, she lives in
stone and still nurses the sorrows sent upon M
her by the hand of heaven.
Therefore, noble sir, let us two now take food; you can weep for your
dear son hereafter as you are bearing him back to Ilius- and many
a tear will he cost you."
With this Achilles sprang from his seat and killed a sheep of silvery
whiteness, which his followers skinned and made ready all in due order.
They cut the meat carefully up into smaller pieces, spitted them,
and drew them off again when they were well roasted. Automedon brought
bread in fair baskets and served it roundM
the table, while Achilles
dealt out the meat, and they laid their hands on the good things that
were before them. As soon as they had had enough to eat and drink,
Priam, descendant of Dardanus, marvelled at the strength and beauty
of Achilles for he was as a god to see, and Achilles marvelled at
Priam as he listened to him and looked upon his noble presence. When
they had gazed their fill Priam spoke first. "And now, O king," he
said, "take me to my couch that we may lie down and enjoy the blessed
sleep. Never once have my eyes been closed from the day your
hands took the life of my son; I have grovelled without ceasing in
the mire of my stable-yard, making moan and brooding over my countless
sorrows. Now, moreover, I have eaten bread and drunk wine; hitherto
I have tasted nothing."
As he spoke Achilles told his men and the women-servants to set beds
in the room that was in the gatehouse, and make them with good red
rugs, and spread coverlets on the top of them with woollen cloaks
aeus to wear. So the maids went out carrying a torch
and got the two beds ready in all haste. Then Achilles said laughingly
to Priam, "Dear sir, you shall lie outside, lest some counsellor of
those who in due course keep coming to advise with me should see you
here in the darkness of the flying night, and tell it to Agamemnon.
This might cause delay in the delivery of the body. And now tell me
and tell me true, for how many days would you celebrate the funeral
rites of noble Hector? Tell me, that I may hold M
restrain the host."
And Priam answered, "Since, then, you suffer me to bury my noble son
with all due rites, do thus, Achilles, and I shall be grateful. You
know how we are pent up within our city; it is far for us to fetch
wood from the mountain, and the people live in fear. Nine days, therefore,
will we mourn Hector in my house; on the tenth day we will bury him
and there shall be a public feast in his honour; on the eleventh we
will build a mound over his ashes, and on the twelfth, M
need, we will fight."
And Achilles answered, "All, King Priam, shall be as you have said.
I will stay our fighting for as long a time as you have named."
As he spoke he laid his hand on the old man's right wrist, in token
that he should have no fear; thus then did Priam and his attendant
sleep there in the forecourt, full of thought, while Achilles lay
in an inner room of the house, with fair Briseis by his side.
And now both gods and mortals were fast asleep through the livelong
but upon Mercury alone, the bringer of good luck, sleep could
take no hold for he was thinking all the time how to get King Priam
away from the ships without his being seen by the strong force of
sentinels. He hovered therefore over Priam's head and said, "Sir,
now that Achilles has spared your life, you seem to have no fear about
sleeping in the thick of your foes. You have paid a great ransom,
and have received the body of your son; were you still alive and a
prisoner the sons whom you have left at home woM
uld have to give three
times as much to free you; and so it would be if Agamemnon and the
other Achaeans were to know of your being here."
When he heard this the old man was afraid and roused his servant.
Mercury then yoked their horses and mules, and drove them quickly
through the host so that no man perceived them. When they came to
the ford of eddying Xanthus, begotten of immortal Jove, Mercury went
back to high Olympus, and dawn in robe of saffron began to break over
all the land. Priam and Idaeus thM
en drove on toward the city lamenting
and making moan, and the mules drew the body of Hector. No one neither
man nor woman saw them, till Cassandra, fair as golden Venus standing
on Pergamus, caught sight of her dear father in his chariot, and his
servant that was the city's herald with him. Then she saw him that
was lying upon the bier, drawn by the mules, and with a loud cry she
went about the city saying, "Come hither Trojans, men and women, and
look on Hector; if ever you rejoiced to see him coming from M
when he was alive, look now on him that was the glory of our city
and all our people."
At this there was not man nor woman left in the city, so great a sorrow
had possessed them. Hard by the gates they met Priam as he was bringing
in the body. Hector's wife and his mother were the first to mourn
him: they flew towards the waggon and laid their hands upon his head,
while the crowd stood weeping round them. They would have stayed before
the gates, weeping and lamenting the livelong day to the going M
of the sun, had not Priam spoken to them from the chariot and said,
"Make way for the mules to pass you. Afterwards when I have taken
the body home you shall have your fill of weeping."
On this the people stood asunder, and made a way for the waggon. When
they had borne the body within the house they laid it upon a bed and
seated minstrels round it to lead the dirge, whereon the women joined
in the sad music of their lament. Foremost among them all Andromache
led their wailing as she clasped the heaM
d of mighty Hector in her
embrace. "Husband," she cried, "you have died young, and leave me
in your house a widow; he of whom we are the ill-starred parents is
still a mere child, and I fear he may not reach manhood. Ere he can
do so our city will be razed and overthrown, for you who watched over
it are no more- you who were its saviour, the guardian of our wives
and children. Our women will be carried away captives to the ships,
and I among them; while you, my child, who will be with me will be
unseemly tasks, working for a cruel master. Or, may be,
some Achaean will hurl you (O miserable death) from our walls, to
avenge some brother, son, or father whom Hector slew; many of them
have indeed bitten the dust at his hands, for your father's hand in
battle was no light one. Therefore do the people mourn him. You have
left, O Hector, sorrow unutterable to your parents, and my own grief
is greatest of all, for you did not stretch forth your arms and embrace
me as you lay dying, nor say to me any words M
that might have lived
with me in my tears night and day for evermore."
Bitterly did she weep the while, and the women joined in her lament.
Hecuba in her turn took up the strains of woe. "Hector," she cried,
"dearest to me of all my children. So long as you were alive the gods
loved you well, and even in death they have not been utterly unmindful
of you; for when Achilles took any other of my sons, he would sell
him beyond the seas, to Samos Imbrus or rugged Lemnos; and when he
had slain you too with hisM
sword, many a time did he drag you round
the sepulchre of his comrade- though this could not give him life-
yet here you lie all fresh as dew, and comely as one whom Apollo has
slain with his painless shafts."
Thus did she too speak through her tears with bitter moan, and then
Helen for a third time took up the strain of lamentation. "Hector,"
said she, "dearest of all my brothers-in-law-for I am wife to Alexandrus
who brought me hither to Troy- would that I had died ere he did so-
twenty years are comeM
and gone since I left my home and came from
over the sea, but I have never heard one word of insult or unkindness
from you. When another would chide with me, as it might be one of
your brothers or sisters or of your brothers' wives, or my mother-in-law-
for Priam was as kind to me as though he were my own father- you would
rebuke and check them with words of gentleness and goodwill. Therefore
my tears flow both for you and for my unhappy self, for there is no
one else in Troy who is kind to me, but all shriM
She wept as she spoke and the vast crowd that was gathered round her
joined in her lament. Then King Priam spoke to them saying, "Bring
wood, O Trojans, to the city, and fear no cunning ambush of the Argives,
for Achilles when he dismissed me from the ships gave me his word
that they should not attack us until the morning of the twelfth day."
Forthwith they yoked their oxen and mules and gathered together before
the city. Nine days long did they bring in great heaps woM
the morning of the tenth day with many tears they took trave Hector
forth, laid his dead body upon the summit of the pile, and set the
fire thereto. Then when the child of morning rosy-fingered dawn appeared
on the eleventh day, the people again assembled, round the pyre of
mighty Hector. When they were got together, they first quenched the
fire with wine wherever it was burning, and then his brothers and
comrades with many a bitter tear gathered his white bones, wrapped
them in soft robes of purM
ple, and laid them in a golden urn, which
they placed in a grave and covered over with large stones set close
together. Then they built a barrow hurriedly over it keeping guard
on every side lest the Achaeans should attack them before they had
finished. When they had heaped up the barrow they went back again
into the city, and being well assembled they held high feast in the
house of Priam their king.
Thus, then, did they celebrate the funeral of Hector tamer of horses.
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<title>NAHUM</title>
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<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The burden of Nineveh. The book of the vision of Nahum the Elkoshite. <span class="ver">2</span>God is jealous, and the LORD revengeth; the LORD revengeth, and is furious; the LORD will take vengeance on his adversaries, and he reserveth wrath for his enemies. <span class="ver">3</span>The LORD is slow to anger, and great in power, and will not at all acquit the wicked: the LORD hath his way in the whirlwind and in thM
e storm, and the clouds are the dust of his feet. <span class="ver">4</span>He rebuketh the sea, and maketh it dry, and drieth up all the rivers: Bashan languisheth, and Carmel, and the flower of Lebanon languisheth. <span class="ver">5</span>The mountains quake at him, and the hills melt, and the earth is burned at his presence, yea, the world, and all that dwell therein. <span class="ver">6</span>Who can stand before his indignation? and who can abide in the fierceness of his anger? his fury is poured out like fiM
re, and the rocks are thrown down by him. <span class="ver">7</span>The LORD is good, a strong hold in the day of trouble; and he knoweth them that trust in him. <span class="ver">8</span>But with an overrunning flood he will make an utter end of the place thereof, and darkness shall pursue his enemies. <span class="ver">9</span>What do ye imagine against the LORD? he will make an utter end: affliction shall not rise up the second time. <span class="ver">10</span>For while they be folden together as thorns, and whiM
le they are drunken as drunkards, they shall be devoured as stubble fully dry. <span class="ver">11</span>There is one come out of thee, that imagineth evil against the LORD, a wicked counsellor. <span class="ver">12</span>Thus saith the LORD; Though they be quiet, and likewise many, yet thus shall they be cut down, when he shall pass through. Though I have afflicted thee, I will afflict thee no more. <span class="ver">13</span>For now will I break his yoke from off thee, and will burst thy bonds in sunder. <span cM
lass="ver">14</span>And the LORD hath given a commandment concerning thee, that no more of thy name be sown: out of the house of thy gods will I cut off the graven image and the molten image: I will make thy grave; for thou art vile. <span class="ver">15</span>Behold upon the mountains the feet of him that bringeth good tidings, that publisheth peace! O Judah, keep thy solemn feasts, perform thy vows: for the wicked shall no more pass through thee; he is utterly cut off.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
ass="ver">1</span>He that dasheth in pieces is come up before thy face: keep the munition, watch the way, make thy loins strong, fortify thy power mightily. <span class="ver">2</span>For the LORD hath turned away the excellency of Jacob, as the excellency of Israel: for the emptiers have emptied them out, and marred their vine branches. <span class="ver">3</span>The shield of his mighty men is made red, the valiant men are in scarlet: the chariots shall be with flaming torches in the day of his preparation, and theM
fir trees shall be terribly shaken. <span class="ver">4</span>The chariots shall rage in the streets, they shall justle one against another in the broad ways: they shall seem like torches, they shall run like the lightnings. <span class="ver">5</span>He shall recount his worthies: they shall stumble in their walk; they shall make haste to the wall thereof, and the defence shall be prepared. <span class="ver">6</span>The gates of the rivers shall be opened, and the palace shall be dissolved. <span class="ver">7</spM
an>And Huzzab shall be led away captive, she shall be brought up, and her maids shall lead her as with the voice of doves, tabering upon their breasts. <span class="ver">8</span>But Nineveh is of old like a pool of water: yet they shall flee away. Stand, stand, shall they cry; but none shall look back. <span class="ver">9</span>Take ye the spoil of silver, take the spoil of gold: for there is none end of the store and glory out of all the pleasant furniture. <span class="ver">10</span>She is empty, and void, and waM
ste: and the heart melteth, and the knees smite together, and much pain is in all loins, and the faces of them all gather blackness. <span class="ver">11</span>Where is the dwelling of the lions, and the feedingplace of the young lions, where the lion, even the old lion, walked, and the lion
s whelp, and none made them afraid? <span class="ver">12</span>The lion did tear in pieces enough for his whelps, and strangled for his lionesses, and filled his holes with prey, and his dens with ravin. <span class="ver">13<M
/span>Behold, I am against thee, saith the LORD of hosts, and I will burn her chariots in the smoke, and the sword shall devour thy young lions: and I will cut off thy prey from the earth, and the voice of thy messengers shall no more be heard.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Woe to the bloody city! it is all full of lies and robbery; the prey departeth not; <span class="ver">2</span>The noise of a whip, and the noise of the rattling of the wheels, and of the pransing horses, and of thM
e jumping chariots. <span class="ver">3</span>The horseman lifteth up both the bright sword and the glittering spear: and there is a multitude of slain, and a great number of carcases; and there is none end of their corpses; they stumble upon their corpses: <span class="ver">4</span>Because of the multitude of the whoredoms of the wellfavoured harlot, the mistress of witchcrafts, that selleth nations through her whoredoms, and families through her witchcrafts. <span class="ver">5</span>Behold, I am against thee, saM
ith the LORD of hosts; and I will discover thy skirts upon thy face, and I will shew the nations thy nakedness, and the kingdoms thy shame. <span class="ver">6</span>And I will cast abominable filth upon thee, and make thee vile, and will set thee as a gazingstock. <span class="ver">7</span>And it shall come to pass, that all they that look upon thee shall flee from thee, and say, Nineveh is laid waste: who will bemoan her? whence shall I seek comforters for thee? <span class="ver">8</span>Art thou better than popuM
lous No, that was situate among the rivers, that had the waters round about it, whose rampart was the sea, and her wall was from the sea? <span class="ver">9</span>Ethiopia and Egypt were her strength, and it was infinite; Put and Lubim were thy helpers. <span class="ver">10</span>Yet was she carried away, she went into captivity: her young children also were dashed in pieces at the top of all the streets: and they cast lots for her honourable men, and all her great men were bound in chains. <span class="ver">11</sM
pan>Thou also shalt be drunken: thou shalt be hid, thou also shalt seek strength because of the enemy. <span class="ver">12</span>All thy strong holds shall be like fig trees with the firstripe figs: if they be shaken, they shall even fall into the mouth of the eater. <span class="ver">13</span>Behold, thy people in the midst of thee are women: the gates of thy land shall be set wide open unto thine enemies: the fire shall devour thy bars. <span class="ver">14</span>Draw thee waters for the siege, fortify thy stronM
g holds: go into clay, and tread the morter, make strong the brickkiln. <span class="ver">15</span>There shall the fire devour thee; the sword shall cut thee off, it shall eat thee up like the cankerworm: make thyself many as the cankerworm, make thyself many as the locusts. <span class="ver">16</span>Thou hast multiplied thy merchants above the stars of heaven: the cankerworm spoileth, and flieth away. <span class="ver">17</span>Thy crowned are as the locusts, and thy captains as the great grasshoppers, which campM
in the hedges in the cold day, but when the sun ariseth they flee away, and their place is not known where they are. <span class="ver">18</span>Thy shepherds slumber, O king of Assyria: thy nobles shall dwell in the dust: thy people is scattered upon the mountains, and no man gathereth them. <span class="ver">19</span>There is no healing of thy bruise; thy wound is grievous: all that hear the bruit of thee shall clap the hands over thee: for upon whom hath not thy wickedness passed continually? </p>
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<title>THE PROVERBS</title>
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<h1>THE PROVERBS</h1>
<div class="content-table">
<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="#c10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="#c11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="#c12">12</a></li>
<li><a href="#c13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="#c14">14</a></li>
<li><a href="#c15">15</a></li>
<li><a href="#c16">16</a></li>
<li><a href="#c17">17</a></lM
<li><a href="#c18">18</a></li>
<li><a href="#c19">19</a></li>
<li><a href="#c20">20</a></li>
<li><a href="#c21">21</a></li>
<li><a href="#c22">22</a></li>
<li><a href="#c23">23</a></li>
<li><a href="#c24">24</a></li>
<li><a href="#c25">25</a></li>
<li><a href="#c26">26</a></li>
<li><a href="#c27">27</a></li>
<li><a href="#c28">28</a></li>
<li><a href="#c29">29</a></li>
<li><a href="#c30">30</a></li>
<li><a href="#c31">31</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The proverbs of Solomon the son of David, king of Israel; <span class="ver">2</span>To know wisdom and instruction; to perceive the words of understanding; <span class="ver">3</span>To receive the instruction of wisdom, justice, and judgment, and equity; <span class="ver">4</span>To give subtilty to the simple, to the young man knowledge and discretion. <span class="ver">5</span>A wise man will hear, and will increase learning; and a man of undersM
tanding shall attain unto wise counsels: <span class="ver">6</span>To understand a proverb, and the interpretation; the words of the wise, and their dark sayings. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge: but fools despise wisdom and instruction. <span class="ver">8</span>My son, hear the instruction of thy father, and forsake not the law of thy mother: <span class="ver">9</span>For they shall be an ornament of grace unto thy head, and chains about thy neck. </p>
span class="ver">10</span>My son, if sinners entice thee, consent thou not. <span class="ver">11</span>If they say, Come with us, let us lay wait for blood, let us lurk privily for the innocent without cause: <span class="ver">12</span>Let us swallow them up alive as the grave; and whole, as those that go down into the pit: <span class="ver">13</span>We shall find all precious substance, we shall fill our houses with spoil: <span class="ver">14</span>Cast in thy lot among us; let us all have one purse: <span class=M
"ver">15</span>My son, walk not thou in the way with them; refrain thy foot from their path: <span class="ver">16</span>For their feet run to evil, and make haste to shed blood. <span class="ver">17</span>Surely in vain the net is spread in the sight of any bird. <span class="ver">18</span>And they lay wait for their own blood; they lurk privily for their own lives. <span class="ver">19</span>So are the ways of every one that is greedy of gain; which taketh away the life of the owners thereof. </p>
="ver">20</span>Wisdom crieth without; she uttereth her voice in the streets: <span class="ver">21</span>She crieth in the chief place of concourse, in the openings of the gates: in the city she uttereth her words, saying, <span class="ver">22</span>How long, ye simple ones, will ye love simplicity? and the scorners delight in their scorning, and fools hate knowledge? <span class="ver">23</span>Turn you at my reproof: behold, I will pour out my spirit unto you, I will make known my words unto you. </p>
lass="ver">24</span>Because I have called, and ye refused; I have stretched out my hand, and no man regarded; <span class="ver">25</span>But ye have set at nought all my counsel, and would none of my reproof: <span class="ver">26</span>I also will laugh at your calamity; I will mock when your fear cometh; <span class="ver">27</span>When your fear cometh as desolation, and your destruction cometh as a whirlwind; when distress and anguish cometh upon you. <span class="ver">28</span>Then shall they call upon me, but IM
will not answer; they shall seek me early, but they shall not find me: <span class="ver">29</span>For that they hated knowledge, and did not choose the fear of the LORD: <span class="ver">30</span>They would none of my counsel: they despised all my reproof. <span class="ver">31</span>Therefore shall they eat of the fruit of their own way, and be filled with their own devices. <span class="ver">32</span>For the turning away of the simple shall slay them, and the prosperity of fools shall destroy them. <span class="M
ver">33</span>But whoso hearkeneth unto me shall dwell safely, and shall be quiet from fear of evil.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>My son, if thou wilt receive my words, and hide my commandments with thee; <span class="ver">2</span>So that thou incline thine ear unto wisdom, and apply thine heart to understanding; <span class="ver">3</span>Yea, if thou criest after knowledge, and liftest up thy voice for understanding; <span class="ver">4</span>If thou seekest her as silver, and searM
chest for her as for hid treasures; <span class="ver">5</span>Then shalt thou understand the fear of the LORD, and find the knowledge of God. <span class="ver">6</span>For the LORD giveth wisdom: out of his mouth cometh knowledge and understanding. <span class="ver">7</span>He layeth up sound wisdom for the righteous: he is a buckler to them that walk uprightly. <span class="ver">8</span>He keepeth the paths of judgment, and preserveth the way of his saints. <span class="ver">9</span>Then shalt thou understand righM
teousness, and judgment, and equity; yea, every good path. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>When wisdom entereth into thine heart, and knowledge is pleasant unto thy soul; <span class="ver">11</span>Discretion shall preserve thee, understanding shall keep thee: <span class="ver">12</span>To deliver thee from the way of the evil man, from the man that speaketh froward things; <span class="ver">13</span>Who leave the paths of uprightness, to walk in the ways of darkness; <span class="ver">14</span>Who rejoice to M
do evil, and delight in the frowardness of the wicked; <span class="ver">15</span>Whose ways are crooked, and they froward in their paths: <span class="ver">16</span>To deliver thee from the strange woman, even from the stranger which flattereth with her words; <span class="ver">17</span>Which forsaketh the guide of her youth, and forgetteth the covenant of her God. <span class="ver">18</span>For her house inclineth unto death, and her paths unto the dead. <span class="ver">19</span>None that go unto her return agaM
in, neither take they hold of the paths of life. <span class="ver">20</span>That thou mayest walk in the way of good men, and keep the paths of the righteous. <span class="ver">21</span>For the upright shall dwell in the land, and the perfect shall remain in it. <span class="ver">22</span>But the wicked shall be cut off from the earth, and the transgressors shall be rooted out of it.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>My son, forget not my law; but let thine heart keep my commandments: <sM
pan class="ver">2</span>For length of days, and long life, and peace, shall they add to thee. <span class="ver">3</span>Let not mercy and truth forsake thee: bind them about thy neck; write them upon the table of thine heart: <span class="ver">4</span>So shalt thou find favour and good understanding in the sight of God and man. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Trust in the LORD with all thine heart; and lean not unto thine own understanding. <span class="ver">6</span>In all thy ways acknowledge him, and he shallM
direct thy paths. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Be not wise in thine own eyes: fear the LORD, and depart from evil. <span class="ver">8</span>It shall be health to thy navel, and marrow to thy bones. <span class="ver">9</span>Honour the LORD with thy substance, and with the firstfruits of all thine increase: <span class="ver">10</span>So shall thy barns be filled with plenty, and thy presses shall burst out with new wine. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>My son, despise not the chastening of the LORD; neM
ither be weary of his correction: <span class="ver">12</span>For whom the LORD loveth he correcteth; even as a father the son in whom he delighteth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Happy is the man that findeth wisdom, and the man that getteth understanding. <span class="ver">14</span>For the merchandise of it is better than the merchandise of silver, and the gain thereof than fine gold. <span class="ver">15</span>She is more precious than rubies: and all the things thou canst desire are not to be compared untM
o her. <span class="ver">16</span>Length of days is in her right hand; and in her left hand riches and honour. <span class="ver">17</span>Her ways are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace. <span class="ver">18</span>She is a tree of life to them that lay hold upon her: and happy is every one that retaineth her. <span class="ver">19</span>The LORD by wisdom hath founded the earth; by understanding hath he established the heavens. <span class="ver">20</span>By his knowledge the depths are broken up, and M
the clouds drop down the dew. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>My son, let not them depart from thine eyes: keep sound wisdom and discretion: <span class="ver">22</span>So shall they be life unto thy soul, and grace to thy neck. <span class="ver">23</span>Then shalt thou walk in thy way safely, and thy foot shall not stumble. <span class="ver">24</span>When thou liest down, thou shalt not be afraid: yea, thou shalt lie down, and thy sleep shall be sweet. <span class="ver">25</span>Be not afraid of sudden fear, M
neither of the desolation of the wicked, when it cometh. <span class="ver">26</span>For the LORD shall be thy confidence, and shall keep thy foot from being taken. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>Withhold not good from them to whom it is due, when it is in the power of thine hand to do it. <span class="ver">28</span>Say not unto thy neighbour, Go, and come again, and to morrow I will give; when thou hast it by thee. <span class="ver">29</span>Devise not evil against thy neighbour, seeing he dwelleth securely bM
<p><span class="ver">30</span>Strive not with a man without cause, if he have done thee no harm. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>Envy thou not the oppressor, and choose none of his ways. <span class="ver">32</span>For the froward is abomination to the LORD: but his secret is with the righteous. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>The curse of the LORD is in the house of the wicked: but he blesseth the habitation of the just. <span class="ver">34</span>Surely he scorneth the scorners: but he givM
eth grace unto the lowly. <span class="ver">35</span>The wise shall inherit glory: but shame shall be the promotion of fools.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Hear, ye children, the instruction of a father, and attend to know understanding. <span class="ver">2</span>For I give you good doctrine, forsake ye not my law. <span class="ver">3</span>For I was my father
s son, tender and only beloved in the sight of my mother. <span class="ver">4</span>He taught me also, and said unto me, LeM
t thine heart retain my words: keep my commandments, and live. <span class="ver">5</span>Get wisdom, get understanding: forget it not; neither decline from the words of my mouth. <span class="ver">6</span>Forsake her not, and she shall preserve thee: love her, and she shall keep thee. <span class="ver">7</span>Wisdom is the principal thing; therefore get wisdom: and with all thy getting get understanding. <span class="ver">8</span>Exalt her, and she shall promote thee: she shall bring thee to honour, when thou dostM
embrace her. <span class="ver">9</span>She shall give to thine head an ornament of grace: a crown of glory shall she deliver to thee. <span class="ver">10</span>Hear, O my son, and receive my sayings; and the years of thy life shall be many. <span class="ver">11</span>I have taught thee in the way of wisdom; I have led thee in right paths. <span class="ver">12</span>When thou goest, thy steps shall not be straitened; and when thou runnest, thou shalt not stumble. <span class="ver">13</span>Take fast hold of instruM
ction; let her not go: keep her; for she is thy life. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Enter not into the path of the wicked, and go not in the way of evil men. <span class="ver">15</span>Avoid it, pass not by it, turn from it, and pass away. <span class="ver">16</span>For they sleep not, except they have done mischief; and their sleep is taken away, unless they cause some to fall. <span class="ver">17</span>For they eat the bread of wickedness, and drink the wine of violence. <span class="ver">18</span>But theM
path of the just is as the shining light, that shineth more and more unto the perfect day. <span class="ver">19</span>The way of the wicked is as darkness: they know not at what they stumble. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>My son, attend to my words; incline thine ear unto my sayings. <span class="ver">21</span>Let them not depart from thine eyes; keep them in the midst of thine heart. <span class="ver">22</span>For they are life unto those that find them, and health to all their flesh. </p>
="ver">23</span>Keep thy heart with all diligence; for out of it are the issues of life. <span class="ver">24</span>Put away from thee a froward mouth, and perverse lips put far from thee. <span class="ver">25</span>Let thine eyes look right on, and let thine eyelids look straight before thee. <span class="ver">26</span>Ponder the path of thy feet, and let all thy ways be established. <span class="ver">27</span>Turn not to the right hand nor to the left: remove thy foot from evil.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
p><span class="ver">1</span>My son, attend unto my wisdom, and bow thine ear to my understanding: <span class="ver">2</span>That thou mayest regard discretion, and that thy lips may keep knowledge. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>For the lips of a strange woman drop as an honeycomb, and her mouth is smoother than oil: <span class="ver">4</span>But her end is bitter as wormwood, sharp as a twoedged sword. <span class="ver">5</span>Her feet go down to death; her steps take hold on hell. <span class="ver">6</span>M
Lest thou shouldest ponder the path of life, her ways are moveable, that thou canst not know them. <span class="ver">7</span>Hear me now therefore, O ye children, and depart not from the words of my mouth. <span class="ver">8</span>Remove thy way far from her, and come not nigh the door of her house: <span class="ver">9</span>Lest thou give thine honour unto others, and thy years unto the cruel: <span class="ver">10</span>Lest strangers be filled with thy wealth; and thy labours be in the house of a stranger; <spanM
class="ver">11</span>And thou mourn at the last, when thy flesh and thy body are consumed, <span class="ver">12</span>And say, How have I hated instruction, and my heart despised reproof; <span class="ver">13</span>And have not obeyed the voice of my teachers, nor inclined mine ear to them that instructed me! <span class="ver">14</span>I was almost in all evil in the midst of the congregation and assembly. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Drink waters out of thine own cistern, and running waters out of thine oM
wn well. <span class="ver">16</span>Let thy fountains be dispersed abroad, and rivers of waters in the streets. <span class="ver">17</span>Let them be only thine own, and not strangers
with thee. <span class="ver">18</span>Let thy fountain be blessed: and rejoice with the wife of thy youth. <span class="ver">19</span>Let her be as the loving hind and pleasant roe; let her breasts satisfy thee at all times; and be thou ravished always with her love. <span class="ver">20</span>And why wilt thou, my son, be ravisheM
d with a strange woman, and embrace the bosom of a stranger? <span class="ver">21</span>For the ways of man are before the eyes of the LORD, and he pondereth all his goings. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>His own iniquities shall take the wicked himself, and he shall be holden with the cords of his sins. <span class="ver">23</span>He shall die without instruction; and in the greatness of his folly he shall go astray.
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>My son, if thou be surety for tM
hy friend, if thou hast stricken thy hand with a stranger, <span class="ver">2</span>Thou art snared with the words of thy mouth, thou art taken with the words of thy mouth. <span class="ver">3</span>Do this now, my son, and deliver thyself, when thou art come into the hand of thy friend; go, humble thyself, and make sure thy friend. <span class="ver">4</span>Give not sleep to thine eyes, nor slumber to thine eyelids. <span class="ver">5</span>Deliver thyself as a roe from the hand of the hunter, and as a bird fromM
the hand of the fowler. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Go to the ant, thou sluggard; consider her ways, and be wise: <span class="ver">7</span>Which having no guide, overseer, or ruler, <span class="ver">8</span>Provideth her meat in the summer, and gathereth her food in the harvest. <span class="ver">9</span>How long wilt thou sleep, O sluggard? when wilt thou arise out of thy sleep? <span class="ver">10</span>Yet a little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to sleep: <span class="ver">11<M
/span>So shall thy poverty come as one that travelleth, and thy want as an armed man. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>A naughty person, a wicked man, walketh with a froward mouth. <span class="ver">13</span>He winketh with his eyes, he speaketh with his feet, he teacheth with his fingers; <span class="ver">14</span>Frowardness is in his heart, he deviseth mischief continually; he soweth discord. <span class="ver">15</span>Therefore shall his calamity come suddenly; suddenly shall he be broken without remedy. <M
<p><span class="ver">16</span>These six things doth the LORD hate: yea, seven are an abomination unto him: <span class="ver">17</span>A proud look, a lying tongue, and hands that shed innocent blood, <span class="ver">18</span>An heart that deviseth wicked imaginations, feet that be swift in running to mischief, <span class="ver">19</span>A false witness that speaketh lies, and he that soweth discord among brethren. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>My son, keep thy father
s commandment, and forsake not M
the law of thy mother: <span class="ver">21</span>Bind them continually upon thine heart, and tie them about thy neck. <span class="ver">22</span>When thou goest, it shall lead thee; when thou sleepest, it shall keep thee; and when thou awakest, it shall talk with thee. <span class="ver">23</span>For the commandment is a lamp; and the law is light; and reproofs of instruction are the way of life: <span class="ver">24</span>To keep thee from the evil woman, from the flattery of the tongue of a strange woman. <span cM
lass="ver">25</span>Lust not after her beauty in thine heart; neither let her take thee with her eyelids. <span class="ver">26</span>For by means of a whorish woman a man is brought to a piece of bread: and the adulteress will hunt for the precious life. <span class="ver">27</span>Can a man take fire in his bosom, and his clothes not be burned? <span class="ver">28</span>Can one go upon hot coals, and his feet not be burned? <span class="ver">29</span>So he that goeth in to his neighbour
s wife; whosoever touchetM
h her shall not be innocent. <span class="ver">30</span>Men do not despise a thief, if he steal to satisfy his soul when he is hungry; <span class="ver">31</span>But if he be found, he shall restore sevenfold; he shall give all the substance of his house. <span class="ver">32</span>But whoso committeth adultery with a woman lacketh understanding: he that doeth it destroyeth his own soul. <span class="ver">33</span>A wound and dishonour shall he get; and his reproach shall not be wiped away. <span class="ver">34</spM
an>For jealousy is the rage of a man: therefore he will not spare in the day of vengeance. <span class="ver">35</span>He will not regard any ransom; neither will he rest content, though thou givest many gifts.
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>My son, keep my words, and lay up my commandments with thee. <span class="ver">2</span>Keep my commandments, and live; and my law as the apple of thine eye. <span class="ver">3</span>Bind them upon thy fingers, write them upon the table of thine heM
art. <span class="ver">4</span>Say unto wisdom, Thou art my sister; and call understanding thy kinswoman: <span class="ver">5</span>That they may keep thee from the strange woman, from the stranger which flattereth with her words. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>For at the window of my house I looked through my casement, <span class="ver">7</span>And beheld among the simple ones, I discerned among the youths, a young man void of understanding, <span class="ver">8</span>Passing through the street near her cornerM
; and he went the way to her house, <span class="ver">9</span>In the twilight, in the evening, in the black and dark night: <span class="ver">10</span>And, behold, there met him a woman with the attire of an harlot, and subtil of heart. <span class="ver">11</span>(She is loud and stubborn; her feet abide not in her house: <span class="ver">12</span>Now is she without, now in the streets, and lieth in wait at every corner.) <span class="ver">13</span>So she caught him, and kissed him, and with an impudent face said M
unto him, <span class="ver">14</span>I have peace offerings with me; this day have I payed my vows. <span class="ver">15</span>Therefore came I forth to meet thee, diligently to seek thy face, and I have found thee. <span class="ver">16</span>I have decked my bed with coverings of tapestry, with carved works, with fine linen of Egypt. <span class="ver">17</span>I have perfumed my bed with myrrh, aloes, and cinnamon. <span class="ver">18</span>Come, let us take our fill of love until the morning: let us solace ourseM
lves with loves. <span class="ver">19</span>For the goodman is not at home, he is gone a long journey: <span class="ver">20</span>He hath taken a bag of money with him, and will come home at the day appointed. <span class="ver">21</span>With her much fair speech she caused him to yield, with the flattering of her lips she forced him. <span class="ver">22</span>He goeth after her straightway, as an ox goeth to the slaughter, or as a fool to the correction of the stocks; <span class="ver">23</span>Till a dart strike M
through his liver; as a bird hasteth to the snare, and knoweth not that it is for his life. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>Hearken unto me now therefore, O ye children, and attend to the words of my mouth. <span class="ver">25</span>Let not thine heart decline to her ways, go not astray in her paths. <span class="ver">26</span>For she hath cast down many wounded: yea, many strong men have been slain by her. <span class="ver">27</span>Her house is the way to hell, going down to the chambers of death.
="c8">Chapter 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Doth not wisdom cry? and understanding put forth her voice? <span class="ver">2</span>She standeth in the top of high places, by the way in the places of the paths. <span class="ver">3</span>She crieth at the gates, at the entry of the city, at the coming in at the doors. <span class="ver">4</span>Unto you, O men, I call; and my voice is to the sons of man. <span class="ver">5</span>O ye simple, understand wisdom: and, ye fools, be ye of an understanding heart. <M
span class="ver">6</span>Hear; for I will speak of excellent things; and the opening of my lips shall be right things. <span class="ver">7</span>For my mouth shall speak truth; and wickedness is an abomination to my lips. <span class="ver">8</span>All the words of my mouth are in righteousness; there is nothing froward or perverse in them. <span class="ver">9</span>They are all plain to him that understandeth, and right to them that find knowledge. <span class="ver">10</span>Receive my instruction, and not silver; M
and knowledge rather than choice gold. <span class="ver">11</span>For wisdom is better than rubies; and all the things that may be desired are not to be compared to it. <span class="ver">12</span>I wisdom dwell with prudence, and find out knowledge of witty inventions. <span class="ver">13</span>The fear of the LORD is to hate evil: pride, and arrogancy, and the evil way, and the froward mouth, do I hate. <span class="ver">14</span>Counsel is mine, and sound wisdom: I am understanding; I have strength. <span class=M
"ver">15</span>By me kings reign, and princes decree justice. <span class="ver">16</span>By me princes rule, and nobles, even all the judges of the earth. <span class="ver">17</span>I love them that love me; and those that seek me early shall find me. <span class="ver">18</span>Riches and honour are with me; yea, durable riches and righteousness. <span class="ver">19</span>My fruit is better than gold, yea, than fine gold; and my revenue than choice silver. <span class="ver">20</span>I lead in the way of righteousnM
ess, in the midst of the paths of judgment: <span class="ver">21</span>That I may cause those that love me to inherit substance; and I will fill their treasures. <span class="ver">22</span>The LORD possessed me in the beginning of his way, before his works of old. <span class="ver">23</span>I was set up from everlasting, from the beginning, or ever the earth was. <span class="ver">24</span>When there were no depths, I was brought forth; when there were no fountains abounding with water. <span class="ver">25</span>BM
efore the mountains were settled, before the hills was I brought forth: <span class="ver">26</span>While as yet he had not made the earth, nor the fields, nor the highest part of the dust of the world. <span class="ver">27</span>When he prepared the heavens, I was there: when he set a compass upon the face of the depth: <span class="ver">28</span>When he established the clouds above: when he strengthened the fountains of the deep: <span class="ver">29</span>When he gave to the sea his decree, that the waters shouldM
not pass his commandment: when he appointed the foundations of the earth: <span class="ver">30</span>Then I was by him, as one brought up with him: and I was daily his delight, rejoicing always before him; <span class="ver">31</span>Rejoicing in the habitable part of his earth; and my delights were with the sons of men. <span class="ver">32</span>Now therefore hearken unto me, O ye children: for blessed are they that keep my ways. <span class="ver">33</span>Hear instruction, and be wise, and refuse it not. <span cM
lass="ver">34</span>Blessed is the man that heareth me, watching daily at my gates, waiting at the posts of my doors. <span class="ver">35</span>For whoso findeth me findeth life, and shall obtain favour of the LORD. <span class="ver">36</span>But he that sinneth against me wrongeth his own soul: all they that hate me love death.
<h2 id="c9">Chapter 9</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Wisdom hath builded her house, she hath hewn out her seven pillars: <span class="ver">2</span>She hath killed her beasts; she M
hath mingled her wine; she hath also furnished her table. <span class="ver">3</span>She hath sent forth her maidens: she crieth upon the highest places of the city, <span class="ver">4</span>Whoso is simple, let him turn in hither: as for him that wanteth understanding, she saith to him, <span class="ver">5</span>Come, eat of my bread, and drink of the wine which I have mingled. <span class="ver">6</span>Forsake the foolish, and live; and go in the way of understanding. <span class="ver">7</span>He that reproveth aM
scorner getteth to himself shame: and he that rebuketh a wicked man getteth himself a blot. <span class="ver">8</span>Reprove not a scorner, lest he hate thee: rebuke a wise man, and he will love thee. <span class="ver">9</span>Give instruction to a wise man, and he will be yet wiser: teach a just man, and he will increase in learning. <span class="ver">10</span>The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom: and the knowledge of the holy is understanding. <span class="ver">11</span>For by me thy days shall be muM
ltiplied, and the years of thy life shall be increased. <span class="ver">12</span>If thou be wise, thou shalt be wise for thyself: but if thou scornest, thou alone shalt bear it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>A foolish woman is clamorous: she is simple, and knoweth nothing. <span class="ver">14</span>For she sitteth at the door of her house, on a seat in the high places of the city, <span class="ver">15</span>To call passengers who go right on their ways: <span class="ver">16</span>Whoso is simple, let him M
turn in hither: and as for him that wanteth understanding, she saith to him, <span class="ver">17</span>Stolen waters are sweet, and bread eaten in secret is pleasant. <span class="ver">18</span>But he knoweth not that the dead are there; and that her guests are in the depths of hell.
<h2 id="c10">Chapter 10</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The proverbs of Solomon. A wise son maketh a glad father: but a foolish son is the heaviness of his mother. <span class="ver">2</span>Treasures of wickedness profit nothiM
ng: but righteousness delivereth from death. <span class="ver">3</span>The LORD will not suffer the soul of the righteous to famish: but he casteth away the substance of the wicked. <span class="ver">4</span>He becometh poor that dealeth with a slack hand: but the hand of the diligent maketh rich. <span class="ver">5</span>He that gathereth in summer is a wise son: but he that sleepeth in harvest is a son that causeth shame. <span class="ver">6</span>Blessings are upon the head of the just: but violence covereth thM
e mouth of the wicked. <span class="ver">7</span>The memory of the just is blessed: but the name of the wicked shall rot. <span class="ver">8</span>The wise in heart will receive commandments: but a prating fool shall fall. <span class="ver">9</span>He that walketh uprightly walketh surely: but he that perverteth his ways shall be known. <span class="ver">10</span>He that winketh with the eye causeth sorrow: but a prating fool shall fall. <span class="ver">11</span>The mouth of a righteous man is a well of life: buM
t violence covereth the mouth of the wicked. <span class="ver">12</span>Hatred stirreth up strifes: but love covereth all sins. <span class="ver">13</span>In the lips of him that hath understanding wisdom is found: but a rod is for the back of him that is void of understanding. <span class="ver">14</span>Wise men lay up knowledge: but the mouth of the foolish is near destruction. <span class="ver">15</span>The rich man
s wealth is his strong city: the destruction of the poor is their poverty. <span class="ver">16M
</span>The labour of the righteous tendeth to life: the fruit of the wicked to sin. <span class="ver">17</span>He is in the way of life that keepeth instruction: but he that refuseth reproof erreth. <span class="ver">18</span>He that hideth hatred with lying lips, and he that uttereth a slander, is a fool. <span class="ver">19</span>In the multitude of words there wanteth not sin: but he that refraineth his lips is wise. <span class="ver">20</span>The tongue of the just is as choice silver: the heart of the wicked M
is little worth. <span class="ver">21</span>The lips of the righteous feed many: but fools die for want of wisdom. <span class="ver">22</span>The blessing of the LORD, it maketh rich, and he addeth no sorrow with it. <span class="ver">23</span>It is as sport to a fool to do mischief: but a man of understanding hath wisdom. <span class="ver">24</span>The fear of the wicked, it shall come upon him: but the desire of the righteous shall be granted. <span class="ver">25</span>As the whirlwind passeth, so is the wicked M
no more: but the righteous is an everlasting foundation. <span class="ver">26</span>As vinegar to the teeth, and as smoke to the eyes, so is the sluggard to them that send him. <span class="ver">27</span>The fear of the LORD prolongeth days: but the years of the wicked shall be shortened. <span class="ver">28</span>The hope of the righteous shall be gladness: but the expectation of the wicked shall perish. <span class="ver">29</span>The way of the LORD is strength to the upright: but destruction shall be to the worM
kers of iniquity. <span class="ver">30</span>The righteous shall never be removed: but the wicked shall not inhabit the earth. <span class="ver">31</span>The mouth of the just bringeth forth wisdom: but the froward tongue shall be cut out. <span class="ver">32</span>The lips of the righteous know what is acceptable: but the mouth of the wicked speaketh frowardness.
<h2 id="c11">Chapter 11</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A false balance is abomination to the LORD: but a just weight is his delight. <span clasM
s="ver">2</span>When pride cometh, then cometh shame: but with the lowly is wisdom. <span class="ver">3</span>The integrity of the upright shall guide them: but the perverseness of transgressors shall destroy them. <span class="ver">4</span>Riches profit not in the day of wrath: but righteousness delivereth from death. <span class="ver">5</span>The righteousness of the perfect shall direct his way: but the wicked shall fall by his own wickedness. <span class="ver">6</span>The righteousness of the upright shall deliM
ver them: but transgressors shall be taken in their own naughtiness. <span class="ver">7</span>When a wicked man dieth, his expectation shall perish: and the hope of unjust men perisheth. <span class="ver">8</span>The righteous is delivered out of trouble, and the wicked cometh in his stead. <span class="ver">9</span>An hypocrite with his mouth destroyeth his neighbour: but through knowledge shall the just be delivered. <span class="ver">10</span>When it goeth well with the righteous, the city rejoiceth: and when tM
he wicked perish, there is shouting. <span class="ver">11</span>By the blessing of the upright the city is exalted: but it is overthrown by the mouth of the wicked. <span class="ver">12</span>He that is void of wisdom despiseth his neighbour: but a man of understanding holdeth his peace. <span class="ver">13</span>A talebearer revealeth secrets: but he that is of a faithful spirit concealeth the matter. <span class="ver">14</span>Where no counsel is, the people fall: but in the multitude of counsellors there is safM
ety. <span class="ver">15</span>He that is surety for a stranger shall smart for it: and he that hateth suretiship is sure. <span class="ver">16</span>A gracious woman retaineth honour: and strong men retain riches. <span class="ver">17</span>The merciful man doeth good to his own soul: but he that is cruel troubleth his own flesh. <span class="ver">18</span>The wicked worketh a deceitful work: but to him that soweth righteousness shall be a sure reward. <span class="ver">19</span>As righteousness tendeth to life: M
so he that pursueth evil pursueth it to his own death. <span class="ver">20</span>They that are of a froward heart are abomination to the LORD: but such as are upright in their way are his delight. <span class="ver">21</span>Though hand join in hand, the wicked shall not be unpunished: but the seed of the righteous shall be delivered. <span class="ver">22</span>As a jewel of gold in a swine
s snout, so is a fair woman which is without discretion. <span class="ver">23</span>The desire of the righteous is only goodM
: but the expectation of the wicked is wrath. <span class="ver">24</span>There is that scattereth, and yet increaseth; and there is that withholdeth more than is meet, but it tendeth to poverty. <span class="ver">25</span>The liberal soul shall be made fat: and he that watereth shall be watered also himself. <span class="ver">26</span>He that withholdeth corn, the people shall curse him: but blessing shall be upon the head of him that selleth it. <span class="ver">27</span>He that diligently seeketh good procureth M
favour: but he that seeketh mischief, it shall come unto him. <span class="ver">28</span>He that trusteth in his riches shall fall: but the righteous shall flourish as a branch. <span class="ver">29</span>He that troubleth his own house shall inherit the wind: and the fool shall be servant to the wise of heart. <span class="ver">30</span>The fruit of the righteous is a tree of life; and he that winneth souls is wise. <span class="ver">31</span>Behold, the righteous shall be recompensed in the earth: much more the wM
icked and the sinner.
<h2 id="c12">Chapter 12</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Whoso loveth instruction loveth knowledge: but he that hateth reproof is brutish. <span class="ver">2</span>A good man obtaineth favour of the LORD: but a man of wicked devices will he condemn. <span class="ver">3</span>A man shall not be established by wickedness: but the root of the righteous shall not be moved. <span class="ver">4</span>A virtuous woman is a crown to her husband: but she that maketh ashamed is as rottenness in M
his bones. <span class="ver">5</span>The thoughts of the righteous are right: but the counsels of the wicked are deceit. <span class="ver">6</span>The words of the wicked are to lie in wait for blood: but the mouth of the upright shall deliver them. <span class="ver">7</span>The wicked are overthrown, and are not: but the house of the righteous shall stand. <span class="ver">8</span>A man shall be commended according to his wisdom: but he that is of a perverse heart shall be despised. <span class="ver">9</span>He tM
hat is despised, and hath a servant, is better than he that honoureth himself, and lacketh bread. <span class="ver">10</span>A righteous man regardeth the life of his beast: but the tender mercies of the wicked are cruel. <span class="ver">11</span>He that tilleth his land shall be satisfied with bread: but he that followeth vain persons is void of understanding. <span class="ver">12</span>The wicked desireth the net of evil men: but the root of the righteous yieldeth fruit. <span class="ver">13</span>The wicked isM
snared by the transgression of his lips: but the just shall come out of trouble. <span class="ver">14</span>A man shall be satisfied with good by the fruit of his mouth: and the recompence of a man
s hands shall be rendered unto him. <span class="ver">15</span>The way of a fool is right in his own eyes: but he that hearkeneth unto counsel is wise. <span class="ver">16</span>A fool
s wrath is presently known: but a prudent man covereth shame. <span class="ver">17</span>He that speaketh truth sheweth forth rightM
eousness: but a false witness deceit. <span class="ver">18</span>There is that speaketh like the piercings of a sword: but the tongue of the wise is health. <span class="ver">19</span>The lip of truth shall be established for ever: but a lying tongue is but for a moment. <span class="ver">20</span>Deceit is in the heart of them that imagine evil: but to the counsellors of peace is joy. <span class="ver">21</span>There shall no evil happen to the just: but the wicked shall be filled with mischief. <span class="ver">M
22</span>Lying lips are abomination to the LORD: but they that deal truly are his delight. <span class="ver">23</span>A prudent man concealeth knowledge: but the heart of fools proclaimeth foolishness. <span class="ver">24</span>The hand of the diligent shall bear rule: but the slothful shall be under tribute. <span class="ver">25</span>Heaviness in the heart of man maketh it stoop: but a good word maketh it glad. <span class="ver">26</span>The righteous is more excellent than his neighbour: but the way of the wickM
ed seduceth them. <span class="ver">27</span>The slothful man roasteth not that which he took in hunting: but the substance of a diligent man is precious. <span class="ver">28</span>In the way of righteousness is life; and in the pathway thereof there is no death.
<h2 id="c13">Chapter 13</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A wise son heareth his father
s instruction: but a scorner heareth not rebuke. <span class="ver">2</span>A man shall eat good by the fruit of his mouth: but the soul of the transgressors shM
all eat violence. <span class="ver">3</span>He that keepeth his mouth keepeth his life: but he that openeth wide his lips shall have destruction. <span class="ver">4</span>The soul of the sluggard desireth, and hath nothing: but the soul of the diligent shall be made fat. <span class="ver">5</span>A righteous man hateth lying: but a wicked man is loathsome, and cometh to shame. <span class="ver">6</span>Righteousness keepeth him that is upright in the way: but wickedness overthroweth the sinner. <span class="ver">7M
</span>There is that maketh himself rich, yet hath nothing: there is that maketh himself poor, yet hath great riches. <span class="ver">8</span>The ransom of a man
s life are his riches: but the poor heareth not rebuke. <span class="ver">9</span>The light of the righteous rejoiceth: but the lamp of the wicked shall be put out. <span class="ver">10</span>Only by pride cometh contention: but with the well advised is wisdom. <span class="ver">11</span>Wealth gotten by vanity shall be diminished: but he that gatheretM
h by labour shall increase. <span class="ver">12</span>Hope deferred maketh the heart sick: but when the desire cometh, it is a tree of life. <span class="ver">13</span>Whoso despiseth the word shall be destroyed: but he that feareth the commandment shall be rewarded. <span class="ver">14</span>The law of the wise is a fountain of life, to depart from the snares of death. <span class="ver">15</span>Good understanding giveth favour: but the way of transgressors is hard. <span class="ver">16</span>Every prudent man dM
ealeth with knowledge: but a fool layeth open his folly. <span class="ver">17</span>A wicked messenger falleth into mischief: but a faithful ambassador is health. <span class="ver">18</span>Poverty and shame shall be to him that refuseth instruction: but he that regardeth reproof shall be honoured. <span class="ver">19</span>The desire accomplished is sweet to the soul: but it is abomination to fools to depart from evil. <span class="ver">20</span>He that walketh with wise men shall be wise: but a companion of foolM
s shall be destroyed. <span class="ver">21</span>Evil pursueth sinners: but to the righteous good shall be repayed. <span class="ver">22</span>A good man leaveth an inheritance to his children
s children: and the wealth of the sinner is laid up for the just. <span class="ver">23</span>Much food is in the tillage of the poor: but there is that is destroyed for want of judgment. <span class="ver">24</span>He that spareth his rod hateth his son: but he that loveth him chasteneth him betimes. <span class="ver">25</spM
an>The righteous eateth to the satisfying of his soul: but the belly of the wicked shall want.
<h2 id="c14">Chapter 14</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Every wise woman buildeth her house: but the foolish plucketh it down with her hands. <span class="ver">2</span>He that walketh in his uprightness feareth the LORD: but he that is perverse in his ways despiseth him. <span class="ver">3</span>In the mouth of the foolish is a rod of pride: but the lips of the wise shall preserve them. <span class="ver">4</span>M
Where no oxen are, the crib is clean: but much increase is by the strength of the ox. <span class="ver">5</span>A faithful witness will not lie: but a false witness will utter lies. <span class="ver">6</span>A scorner seeketh wisdom, and findeth it not: but knowledge is easy unto him that understandeth. <span class="ver">7</span>Go from the presence of a foolish man, when thou perceivest not in him the lips of knowledge. <span class="ver">8</span>The wisdom of the prudent is to understand his way: but the folly of M
fools is deceit. <span class="ver">9</span>Fools make a mock at sin: but among the righteous there is favour. <span class="ver">10</span>The heart knoweth his own bitterness; and a stranger doth not intermeddle with his joy. <span class="ver">11</span>The house of the wicked shall be overthrown: but the tabernacle of the upright shall flourish. <span class="ver">12</span>There is a way which seemeth right unto a man, but the end thereof are the ways of death. <span class="ver">13</span>Even in laughter the heart isM
sorrowful; and the end of that mirth is heaviness. <span class="ver">14</span>The backslider in heart shall be filled with his own ways: and a good man shall be satisfied from himself. <span class="ver">15</span>The simple believeth every word: but the prudent man looketh well to his going. <span class="ver">16</span>A wise man feareth, and departeth from evil: but the fool rageth, and is confident. <span class="ver">17</span>He that is soon angry dealeth foolishly: and a man of wicked devices is hated. <span clasM
s="ver">18</span>The simple inherit folly: but the prudent are crowned with knowledge. <span class="ver">19</span>The evil bow before the good; and the wicked at the gates of the righteous. <span class="ver">20</span>The poor is hated even of his own neighbour: but the rich hath many friends. <span class="ver">21</span>He that despiseth his neighbour sinneth: but he that hath mercy on the poor, happy is he. <span class="ver">22</span>Do they not err that devise evil? but mercy and truth shall be to them that deviseM
good. <span class="ver">23</span>In all labour there is profit: but the talk of the lips tendeth only to penury. <span class="ver">24</span>The crown of the wise is their riches: but the foolishness of fools is folly. <span class="ver">25</span>A true witness delivereth souls: but a deceitful witness speaketh lies. <span class="ver">26</span>In the fear of the LORD is strong confidence: and his children shall have a place of refuge. <span class="ver">27</span>The fear of the LORD is a fountain of life, to depart fM
rom the snares of death. <span class="ver">28</span>In the multitude of people is the king
s honour: but in the want of people is the destruction of the prince. <span class="ver">29</span>He that is slow to wrath is of great understanding: but he that is hasty of spirit exalteth folly. <span class="ver">30</span>A sound heart is the life of the flesh: but envy the rottenness of the bones. <span class="ver">31</span>He that oppresseth the poor reproacheth his Maker: but he that honoureth him hath mercy on the poorM
. <span class="ver">32</span>The wicked is driven away in his wickedness: but the righteous hath hope in his death. <span class="ver">33</span>Wisdom resteth in the heart of him that hath understanding: but that which is in the midst of fools is made known. <span class="ver">34</span>Righteousness exalteth a nation: but sin is a reproach to any people. <span class="ver">35</span>The king
s favour is toward a wise servant: but his wrath is against him that causeth shame.
<h2 id="c15">Chapter 15</h2>
class="ver">1</span>A soft answer turneth away wrath: but grievous words stir up anger. <span class="ver">2</span>The tongue of the wise useth knowledge aright: but the mouth of fools poureth out foolishness. <span class="ver">3</span>The eyes of the LORD are in every place, beholding the evil and the good. <span class="ver">4</span>A wholesome tongue is a tree of life: but perverseness therein is a breach in the spirit. <span class="ver">5</span>A fool despiseth his father
s instruction: but he that regardeth rM
eproof is prudent. <span class="ver">6</span>In the house of the righteous is much treasure: but in the revenues of the wicked is trouble. <span class="ver">7</span>The lips of the wise disperse knowledge: but the heart of the foolish doeth not so. <span class="ver">8</span>The sacrifice of the wicked is an abomination to the LORD: but the prayer of the upright is his delight. <span class="ver">9</span>The way of the wicked is an abomination unto the LORD: but he loveth him that followeth after righteousness. <spanM
class="ver">10</span>Correction is grievous unto him that forsaketh the way: and he that hateth reproof shall die. <span class="ver">11</span>Hell and destruction are before the LORD: how much more then the hearts of the children of men? <span class="ver">12</span>A scorner loveth not one that reproveth him: neither will he go unto the wise. <span class="ver">13</span>A merry heart maketh a cheerful countenance: but by sorrow of the heart the spirit is broken. <span class="ver">14</span>The heart of him that hath M
understanding seeketh knowledge: but the mouth of fools feedeth on foolishness. <span class="ver">15</span>All the days of the afflicted are evil: but he that is of a merry heart hath a continual feast. <span class="ver">16</span>Better is little with the fear of the LORD than great treasure and trouble therewith. <span class="ver">17</span>Better is a dinner of herbs where love is, than a stalled ox and hatred therewith. <span class="ver">18</span>A wrathful man stirreth up strife: but he that is slow to anger appM
easeth strife. <span class="ver">19</span>The way of the slothful man is as an hedge of thorns: but the way of the righteous is made plain. <span class="ver">20</span>A wise son maketh a glad father: but a foolish man despiseth his mother. <span class="ver">21</span>Folly is joy to him that is destitute of wisdom: but a man of understanding walketh uprightly. <span class="ver">22</span>Without counsel purposes are disappointed: but in the multitude of counsellors they are established. <span class="ver">23</span>A mM
an hath joy by the answer of his mouth: and a word spoken in due season, how good is it! <span class="ver">24</span>The way of life is above to the wise, that he may depart from hell beneath. <span class="ver">25</span>The LORD will destroy the house of the proud: but he will establish the border of the widow. <span class="ver">26</span>The thoughts of the wicked are an abomination to the LORD: but the words of the pure are pleasant words. <span class="ver">27</span>He that is greedy of gain troubleth his own houseM
; but he that hateth gifts shall live. <span class="ver">28</span>The heart of the righteous studieth to answer: but the mouth of the wicked poureth out evil things. <span class="ver">29</span>The LORD is far from the wicked: but he heareth the prayer of the righteous. <span class="ver">30</span>The light of the eyes rejoiceth the heart: and a good report maketh the bones fat. <span class="ver">31</span>The ear that heareth the reproof of life abideth among the wise. <span class="ver">32</span>He that refuseth instM
ruction despiseth his own soul: but he that heareth reproof getteth understanding. <span class="ver">33</span>The fear of the LORD is the instruction of wisdom; and before honour is humility.
<h2 id="c16">Chapter 16</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The preparations of the heart in man, and the answer of the tongue, is from the LORD. <span class="ver">2</span>All the ways of a man are clean in his own eyes; but the LORD weigheth the spirits. <span class="ver">3</span>Commit thy works unto the LORD, and thy thM
oughts shall be established. <span class="ver">4</span>The LORD hath made all things for himself: yea, even the wicked for the day of evil. <span class="ver">5</span>Every one that is proud in heart is an abomination to the LORD: though hand join in hand, he shall not be unpunished. <span class="ver">6</span>By mercy and truth iniquity is purged: and by the fear of the LORD men depart from evil. <span class="ver">7</span>When a man
s ways please the LORD, he maketh even his enemies to be at peace with him. <span M
class="ver">8</span>Better is a little with righteousness than great revenues without right. <span class="ver">9</span>A man
s heart deviseth his way: but the LORD directeth his steps. <span class="ver">10</span>A divine sentence is in the lips of the king: his mouth transgresseth not in judgment. <span class="ver">11</span>A just weight and balance are the LORD
s: all the weights of the bag are his work. <span class="ver">12</span>It is an abomination to kings to commit wickedness: for the throne is establisheM
d by righteousness. <span class="ver">13</span>Righteous lips are the delight of kings; and they love him that speaketh right. <span class="ver">14</span>The wrath of a king is as messengers of death: but a wise man will pacify it. <span class="ver">15</span>In the light of the king
s countenance is life; and his favour is as a cloud of the latter rain. <span class="ver">16</span>How much better is it to get wisdom than gold! and to get understanding rather to be chosen than silver! <span class="ver">17</span>TheM
highway of the upright is to depart from evil: he that keepeth his way preserveth his soul. <span class="ver">18</span>Pride goeth before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a fall. <span class="ver">19</span>Better it is to be of an humble spirit with the lowly, than to divide the spoil with the proud. <span class="ver">20</span>He that handleth a matter wisely shall find good: and whoso trusteth in the LORD, happy is he. <span class="ver">21</span>The wise in heart shall be called prudent: and the sweetnesM
s of the lips increaseth learning. <span class="ver">22</span>Understanding is a wellspring of life unto him that hath it: but the instruction of fools is folly. <span class="ver">23</span>The heart of the wise teacheth his mouth, and addeth learning to his lips. <span class="ver">24</span>Pleasant words are as an honeycomb, sweet to the soul, and health to the bones. <span class="ver">25</span>There is a way that seemeth right unto a man, but the end thereof are the ways of death. <span class="ver">26</span>He thaM
t laboureth laboureth for himself; for his mouth craveth it of him. <span class="ver">27</span>An ungodly man diggeth up evil: and in his lips there is as a burning fire. <span class="ver">28</span>A froward man soweth strife: and a whisperer separateth chief friends. <span class="ver">29</span>A violent man enticeth his neighbour, and leadeth him into the way that is not good. <span class="ver">30</span>He shutteth his eyes to devise froward things: moving his lips he bringeth evil to pass. <span class="ver">31</sM
pan>The hoary head is a crown of glory, if it be found in the way of righteousness. <span class="ver">32</span>He that is slow to anger is better than the mighty; and he that ruleth his spirit than he that taketh a city. <span class="ver">33</span>The lot is cast into the lap; but the whole disposing thereof is of the LORD.
<h2 id="c17">Chapter 17</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Better is a dry morsel, and quietness therewith, than an house full of sacrifices with strife. <span class="ver">2</span>A wise seM
rvant shall have rule over a son that causeth shame, and shall have part of the inheritance among the brethren. <span class="ver">3</span>The fining pot is for silver, and the furnace for gold: but the LORD trieth the hearts. <span class="ver">4</span>A wicked doer giveth heed to false lips; and a liar giveth ear to a naughty tongue. <span class="ver">5</span>Whoso mocketh the poor reproacheth his Maker: and he that is glad at calamities shall not be unpunished. <span class="ver">6</span>Children
he crown of old men; and the glory of children are their fathers. <span class="ver">7</span>Excellent speech becometh not a fool: much less do lying lips a prince. <span class="ver">8</span>A gift is as a precious stone in the eyes of him that hath it: whithersoever it turneth, it prospereth. <span class="ver">9</span>He that covereth a transgression seeketh love; but he that repeateth a matter separateth very friends. <span class="ver">10</span>A reproof entereth more into a wise man than an hundred stripes into aM
fool. <span class="ver">11</span>An evil man seeketh only rebellion: therefore a cruel messenger shall be sent against him. <span class="ver">12</span>Let a bear robbed of her whelps meet a man, rather than a fool in his folly. <span class="ver">13</span>Whoso rewardeth evil for good, evil shall not depart from his house. <span class="ver">14</span>The beginning of strife is as when one letteth out water: therefore leave off contention, before it be meddled with. <span class="ver">15</span>He that justifieth the wM
icked, and he that condemneth the just, even they both are abomination to the LORD. <span class="ver">16</span>Wherefore is there a price in the hand of a fool to get wisdom, seeing he hath no heart to it? <span class="ver">17</span>A friend loveth at all times, and a brother is born for adversity. <span class="ver">18</span>A man void of understanding striketh hands, and becometh surety in the presence of his friend. <span class="ver">19</span>He loveth transgression that loveth strife: and he that exalteth his gaM
te seeketh destruction. <span class="ver">20</span>He that hath a froward heart findeth no good: and he that hath a perverse tongue falleth into mischief. <span class="ver">21</span>He that begetteth a fool doeth it to his sorrow: and the father of a fool hath no joy. <span class="ver">22</span>A merry heart doeth good like a medicine: but a broken spirit drieth the bones. <span class="ver">23</span>A wicked man taketh a gift out of the bosom to pervert the ways of judgment. <span class="ver">24</span>Wisdom is befM
ore him that hath understanding; but the eyes of a fool are in the ends of the earth. <span class="ver">25</span>A foolish son is a grief to his father, and bitterness to her that bare him. <span class="ver">26</span>Also to punish the just is not good, nor to strike princes for equity. <span class="ver">27</span>He that hath knowledge spareth his words: and a man of understanding is of an excellent spirit. <span class="ver">28</span>Even a fool, when he holdeth his peace, is counted wise: and he that shutteth his M
lips is esteemed a man of understanding.
<h2 id="c18">Chapter 18</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Through desire a man, having separated himself, seeketh and intermeddleth with all wisdom. <span class="ver">2</span>A fool hath no delight in understanding, but that his heart may discover itself. <span class="ver">3</span>When the wicked cometh, then cometh also contempt, and with ignominy reproach. <span class="ver">4</span>The words of a man
s mouth are as deep waters, and the wellspring of wisdom as a floM
wing brook. <span class="ver">5</span>It is not good to accept the person of the wicked, to overthrow the righteous in judgment. <span class="ver">6</span>A fool
s lips enter into contention, and his mouth calleth for strokes. <span class="ver">7</span>A fool
s mouth is his destruction, and his lips are the snare of his soul. <span class="ver">8</span>The words of a talebearer are as wounds, and they go down into the innermost parts of the belly. <span class="ver">9</span>He also that is slothful in his work isM
brother to him that is a great waster. <span class="ver">10</span>The name of the LORD is a strong tower: the righteous runneth into it, and is safe. <span class="ver">11</span>The rich man
s wealth is his strong city, and as an high wall in his own conceit. <span class="ver">12</span>Before destruction the heart of man is haughty, and before honour is humility. <span class="ver">13</span>He that answereth a matter before he heareth it, it is folly and shame unto him. <span class="ver">14</span>The spirit of a mM
an will sustain his infirmity; but a wounded spirit who can bear? <span class="ver">15</span>The heart of the prudent getteth knowledge; and the ear of the wise seeketh knowledge. <span class="ver">16</span>A man
s gift maketh room for him, and bringeth him before great men. <span class="ver">17</span>He that is first in his own cause seemeth just; but his neighbour cometh and searcheth him. <span class="ver">18</span>The lot causeth contentions to cease, and parteth between the mighty. <span class="ver">19</spanM
>A brother offended is harder to be won than a strong city: and their contentions are like the bars of a castle. <span class="ver">20</span>A man
s belly shall be satisfied with the fruit of his mouth; and with the increase of his lips shall he be filled. <span class="ver">21</span>Death and life are in the power of the tongue: and they that love it shall eat the fruit thereof. <span class="ver">22</span>Whoso findeth a wife findeth a good thing, and obtaineth favour of the LORD. <span class="ver">23</span>The poM
or useth intreaties; but the rich answereth roughly. <span class="ver">24</span>A man that hath friends must shew himself friendly: and there is a friend that sticketh closer than a brother.
<h2 id="c19">Chapter 19</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Better is the poor that walketh in his integrity, than he that is perverse in his lips, and is a fool. <span class="ver">2</span>Also, that the soul be without knowledge, it is not good; and he that hasteth with his feet sinneth. <span class="ver">3</span>The fooliM
shness of man perverteth his way: and his heart fretteth against the LORD. <span class="ver">4</span>Wealth maketh many friends; but the poor is separated from his neighbour. <span class="ver">5</span>A false witness shall not be unpunished, and he that speaketh lies shall not escape. <span class="ver">6</span>Many will intreat the favour of the prince: and every man is a friend to him that giveth gifts. <span class="ver">7</span>All the brethren of the poor do hate him: how much more do his friends go far from himM
? he pursueth them with words, yet they are wanting to him. <span class="ver">8</span>He that getteth wisdom loveth his own soul: he that keepeth understanding shall find good. <span class="ver">9</span>A false witness shall not be unpunished, and he that speaketh lies shall perish. <span class="ver">10</span>Delight is not seemly for a fool; much less for a servant to have rule over princes. <span class="ver">11</span>The discretion of a man deferreth his anger; and it is his glory to pass over a transgression. <sM
pan class="ver">12</span>The king
s wrath is as the roaring of a lion; but his favour is as dew upon the grass. <span class="ver">13</span>A foolish son is the calamity of his father: and the contentions of a wife are a continual dropping. <span class="ver">14</span>House and riches are the inheritance of fathers: and a prudent wife is from the LORD. <span class="ver">15</span>Slothfulness casteth into a deep sleep; and an idle soul shall suffer hunger. <span class="ver">16</span>He that keepeth the commandment kM
eepeth his own soul; but he that despiseth his ways shall die. <span class="ver">17</span>He that hath pity upon the poor lendeth unto the LORD; and that which he hath given will he pay him again. <span class="ver">18</span>Chasten thy son while there is hope, and let not thy soul spare for his crying. <span class="ver">19</span>A man of great wrath shall suffer punishment: for if thou deliver him, yet thou must do it again. <span class="ver">20</span>Hear counsel, and receive instruction, that thou mayest be wise M
in thy latter end. <span class="ver">21</span>There are many devices in a man
s heart; nevertheless the counsel of the LORD, that shall stand. <span class="ver">22</span>The desire of a man is his kindness: and a poor man is better than a liar. <span class="ver">23</span>The fear of the LORD tendeth to life: and he that hath it shall abide satisfied; he shall not be visited with evil. <span class="ver">24</span>A slothful man hideth his hand in his bosom, and will not so much as bring it to his mouth again. <spanM
class="ver">25</span>Smite a scorner, and the simple will beware: and reprove one that hath understanding, and he will understand knowledge. <span class="ver">26</span>He that wasteth his father, and chaseth away his mother, is a son that causeth shame, and bringeth reproach. <span class="ver">27</span>Cease, my son, to hear the instruction that causeth to err from the words of knowledge. <span class="ver">28</span>An ungodly witness scorneth judgment: and the mouth of the wicked devoureth iniquity. <span class="vM
er">29</span>Judgments are prepared for scorners, and stripes for the back of fools.
<h2 id="c20">Chapter 20</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging: and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise. <span class="ver">2</span>The fear of a king is as the roaring of a lion: whoso provoketh him to anger sinneth against his own soul. <span class="ver">3</span>It is an honour for a man to cease from strife: but every fool will be meddling. <span class="ver">4</span>The sluggard wilM
l not plow by reason of the cold; therefore shall he beg in harvest, and have nothing. <span class="ver">5</span>Counsel in the heart of man is like deep water; but a man of understanding will draw it out. <span class="ver">6</span>Most men will proclaim every one his own goodness: but a faithful man who can find? <span class="ver">7</span>The just man walketh in his integrity: his children are blessed after him. <span class="ver">8</span>A king that sitteth in the throne of judgment scattereth away all evil with hM
is eyes. <span class="ver">9</span>Who can say, I have made my heart clean, I am pure from my sin? <span class="ver">10</span>Divers weights, and divers measures, both of them are alike abomination to the LORD. <span class="ver">11</span>Even a child is known by his doings, whether his work be pure, and whether it be right. <span class="ver">12</span>The hearing ear, and the seeing eye, the LORD hath made even both of them. <span class="ver">13</span>Love not sleep, lest thou come to poverty; open thine eyes, and tM
hou shalt be satisfied with bread. <span class="ver">14</span>It is naught, it is naught, saith the buyer: but when he is gone his way, then he boasteth. <span class="ver">15</span>There is gold, and a multitude of rubies: but the lips of knowledge are a precious jewel. <span class="ver">16</span>Take his garment that is surety for a stranger: and take a pledge of him for a strange woman. <span class="ver">17</span>Bread of deceit is sweet to a man; but afterwards his mouth shall be filled with gravel. <span class=M
"ver">18</span>Every purpose is established by counsel: and with good advice make war. <span class="ver">19</span>He that goeth about as a talebearer revealeth secrets: therefore meddle not with him that flattereth with his lips. <span class="ver">20</span>Whoso curseth his father or his mother, his lamp shall be put out in obscure darkness. <span class="ver">21</span>An inheritance may be gotten hastily at the beginning; but the end thereof shall not be blessed. <span class="ver">22</span>Say not thou, I will recoM
mpense evil; but wait on the LORD, and he shall save thee. <span class="ver">23</span>Divers weights are an abomination unto the LORD; and a false balance is not good. <span class="ver">24</span>Man
s goings are of the LORD; how can a man then understand his own way? <span class="ver">25</span>It is a snare to the man who devoureth that which is holy, and after vows to make enquiry. <span class="ver">26</span>A wise king scattereth the wicked, and bringeth the wheel over them. <span class="ver">27</span>The spiriM
t of man is the candle of the LORD, searching all the inward parts of the belly. <span class="ver">28</span>Mercy and truth preserve the king: and his throne is upholden by mercy. <span class="ver">29</span>The glory of young men is their strength: and the beauty of old men is the gray head. <span class="ver">30</span>The blueness of a wound cleanseth away evil: so do stripes the inward parts of the belly.
<h2 id="c21">Chapter 21</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The king
s heart is in the hand of the LORD,M
as the rivers of water: he turneth it whithersoever he will. <span class="ver">2</span>Every way of a man is right in his own eyes: but the LORD pondereth the hearts. <span class="ver">3</span>To do justice and judgment is more acceptable to the LORD than sacrifice. <span class="ver">4</span>An high look, and a proud heart, and the plowing of the wicked, is sin. <span class="ver">5</span>The thoughts of the diligent tend only to plenteousness; but of every one that is hasty only to want. <span class="ver">6</span>M
The getting of treasures by a lying tongue is a vanity tossed to and fro of them that seek death. <span class="ver">7</span>The robbery of the wicked shall destroy them; because they refuse to do judgment. <span class="ver">8</span>The way of man is froward and strange: but as for the pure, his work is right. <span class="ver">9</span>It is better to dwell in a corner of the housetop, than with a brawling woman in a wide house. <span class="ver">10</span>The soul of the wicked desireth evil: his neighbour findeth nM
o favour in his eyes. <span class="ver">11</span>When the scorner is punished, the simple is made wise: and when the wise is instructed, he receiveth knowledge. <span class="ver">12</span>The righteous man wisely considereth the house of the wicked: but God overthroweth the wicked for their wickedness. <span class="ver">13</span>Whoso stoppeth his ears at the cry of the poor, he also shall cry himself, but shall not be heard. <span class="ver">14</span>A gift in secret pacifieth anger: and a reward in the bosom strM
ong wrath. <span class="ver">15</span>It is joy to the just to do judgment: but destruction shall be to the workers of iniquity. <span class="ver">16</span>The man that wandereth out of the way of understanding shall remain in the congregation of the dead. <span class="ver">17</span>He that loveth pleasure shall be a poor man: he that loveth wine and oil shall not be rich. <span class="ver">18</span>The wicked shall be a ransom for the righteous, and the transgressor for the upright. <span class="ver">19</span>It iM
s better to dwell in the wilderness, than with a contentious and an angry woman. <span class="ver">20</span>There is treasure to be desired and oil in the dwelling of the wise; but a foolish man spendeth it up. <span class="ver">21</span>He that followeth after righteousness and mercy findeth life, righteousness, and honour. <span class="ver">22</span>A wise man scaleth the city of the mighty, and casteth down the strength of the confidence thereof. <span class="ver">23</span>Whoso keepeth his mouth and his tongue M
keepeth his soul from troubles. <span class="ver">24</span>Proud and haughty scorner is his name, who dealeth in proud wrath. <span class="ver">25</span>The desire of the slothful killeth him; for his hands refuse to labour. <span class="ver">26</span>He coveteth greedily all the day long: but the righteous giveth and spareth not. <span class="ver">27</span>The sacrifice of the wicked is abomination: how much more, when he bringeth it with a wicked mind? <span class="ver">28</span>A false witness shall perish: but M
the man that heareth speaketh constantly. <span class="ver">29</span>A wicked man hardeneth his face: but as for the upright, he directeth his way. <span class="ver">30</span>There is no wisdom nor understanding nor counsel against the LORD. <span class="ver">31</span>The horse is prepared against the day of battle: but safety is of the LORD.
<h2 id="c22">Chapter 22</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A good name is rather to be chosen than great riches, and loving favour rather than silver and gold. <span clasM
s="ver">2</span>The rich and poor meet together: the LORD is the maker of them all. <span class="ver">3</span>A prudent man foreseeth the evil, and hideth himself: but the simple pass on, and are punished. <span class="ver">4</span>By humility and the fear of the LORD are riches, and honour, and life. <span class="ver">5</span>Thorns and snares are in the way of the froward: he that doth keep his soul shall be far from them. <span class="ver">6</span>Train up a child in the way he should go: and when he is old, he M
will not depart from it. <span class="ver">7</span>The rich ruleth over the poor, and the borrower is servant to the lender. <span class="ver">8</span>He that soweth iniquity shall reap vanity: and the rod of his anger shall fail. <span class="ver">9</span>He that hath a bountiful eye shall be blessed; for he giveth of his bread to the poor. <span class="ver">10</span>Cast out the scorner, and contention shall go out; yea, strife and reproach shall cease. <span class="ver">11</span>He that loveth pureness of heart,M
for the grace of his lips the king shall be his friend. <span class="ver">12</span>The eyes of the LORD preserve knowledge, and he overthroweth the words of the transgressor. <span class="ver">13</span>The slothful man saith, There is a lion without, I shall be slain in the streets. <span class="ver">14</span>The mouth of strange women is a deep pit: he that is abhorred of the LORD shall fall therein. <span class="ver">15</span>Foolishness is bound in the heart of a child; but the rod of correction shall drive it M
far from him. <span class="ver">16</span>He that oppresseth the poor to increase his riches, and he that giveth to the rich, shall surely come to want. <span class="ver">17</span>Bow down thine ear, and hear the words of the wise, and apply thine heart unto my knowledge. <span class="ver">18</span>For it is a pleasant thing if thou keep them within thee; they shall withal be fitted in thy lips. <span class="ver">19</span>That thy trust may be in the LORD, I have made known to thee this day, even to thee. <span clasM
s="ver">20</span>Have not I written to thee excellent things in counsels and knowledge, <span class="ver">21</span>That I might make thee know the certainty of the words of truth; that thou mightest answer the words of truth to them that send unto thee? <span class="ver">22</span>Rob not the poor, because he is poor: neither oppress the afflicted in the gate: <span class="ver">23</span>For the LORD will plead their cause, and spoil the soul of those that spoiled them. <span class="ver">24</span>Make no friendship wM
ith an angry man; and with a furious man thou shalt not go: <span class="ver">25</span>Lest thou learn his ways, and get a snare to thy soul. <span class="ver">26</span>Be not thou one of them that strike hands, or of them that are sureties for debts. <span class="ver">27</span>If thou hast nothing to pay, why should he take away thy bed from under thee? <span class="ver">28</span>Remove not the ancient landmark, which thy fathers have set. <span class="ver">29</span>Seest thou a man diligent in his business? he shM
all stand before kings; he shall not stand before mean men.
<h2 id="c23">Chapter 23</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>When thou sittest to eat with a ruler, consider diligently what is before thee: <span class="ver">2</span>And put a knife to thy throat, if thou be a man given to appetite. <span class="ver">3</span>Be not desirous of his dainties: for they are deceitful meat. <span class="ver">4</span>Labour not to be rich: cease from thine own wisdom. <span class="ver">5</span>Wilt thou set thine eyes upon tM
hat which is not? for riches certainly make themselves wings; they fly away as an eagle toward heaven. <span class="ver">6</span>Eat thou not the bread of him that hath an evil eye, neither desire thou his dainty meats: <span class="ver">7</span>For as he thinketh in his heart, so is he: Eat and drink, saith he to thee; but his heart is not with thee. <span class="ver">8</span>The morsel which thou hast eaten shalt thou vomit up, and lose thy sweet words. <span class="ver">9</span>Speak not in the ears of a fool: fM
or he will despise the wisdom of thy words. <span class="ver">10</span>Remove not the old landmark; and enter not into the fields of the fatherless: <span class="ver">11</span>For their redeemer is mighty; he shall plead their cause with thee. <span class="ver">12</span>Apply thine heart unto instruction, and thine ears to the words of knowledge. <span class="ver">13</span>Withhold not correction from the child: for if thou beatest him with the rod, he shall not die. <span class="ver">14</span>Thou shalt beat him wM
ith the rod, and shalt deliver his soul from hell. <span class="ver">15</span>My son, if thine heart be wise, my heart shall rejoice, even mine. <span class="ver">16</span>Yea, my reins shall rejoice, when thy lips speak right things. <span class="ver">17</span>Let not thine heart envy sinners: but be thou in the fear of the LORD all the day long. <span class="ver">18</span>For surely there is an end; and thine expectation shall not be cut off. <span class="ver">19</span>Hear thou, my son, and be wise, and guide thM
ine heart in the way. <span class="ver">20</span>Be not among winebibbers; among riotous eaters of flesh: <span class="ver">21</span>For the drunkard and the glutton shall come to poverty: and drowsiness shall clothe a man with rags. <span class="ver">22</span>Hearken unto thy father that begat thee, and despise not thy mother when she is old. <span class="ver">23</span>Buy the truth, and sell it not; also wisdom, and instruction, and understanding. <span class="ver">24</span>The father of the righteous shall greatM
ly rejoice: and he that begetteth a wise child shall have joy of him. <span class="ver">25</span>Thy father and thy mother shall be glad, and she that bare thee shall rejoice. <span class="ver">26</span>My son, give me thine heart, and let thine eyes observe my ways. <span class="ver">27</span>For a whore is a deep ditch; and a strange woman is a narrow pit. <span class="ver">28</span>She also lieth in wait as for a prey, and increaseth the transgressors among men. <span class="ver">29</span>Who hath woe? who hath M
sorrow? who hath contentions? who hath babbling? who hath wounds without cause? who hath redness of eyes? <span class="ver">30</span>They that tarry long at the wine; they that go to seek mixed wine. <span class="ver">31</span>Look not thou upon the wine when it is red, when it giveth his colour in the cup, when it moveth itself aright. <span class="ver">32</span>At the last it biteth like a serpent, and stingeth like an adder. <span class="ver">33</span>Thine eyes shall behold strange women, and thine heart shall M
utter perverse things. <span class="ver">34</span>Yea, thou shalt be as he that lieth down in the midst of the sea, or as he that lieth upon the top of a mast. <span class="ver">35</span>They have stricken me, shalt thou say, and I was not sick; they have beaten me, and I felt it not: when shall I awake? I will seek it yet again.
<h2 id="c24">Chapter 24</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Be not thou envious against evil men, neither desire to be with them. <span class="ver">2</span>For their heart studieth desM
truction, and their lips talk of mischief. <span class="ver">3</span>Through wisdom is an house builded; and by understanding it is established: <span class="ver">4</span>And by knowledge shall the chambers be filled with all precious and pleasant riches. <span class="ver">5</span>A wise man is strong; yea, a man of knowledge increaseth strength. <span class="ver">6</span>For by wise counsel thou shalt make thy war: and in multitude of counsellors there is safety. <span class="ver">7</span>Wisdom is too high for a M
fool: he openeth not his mouth in the gate. <span class="ver">8</span>He that deviseth to do evil shall be called a mischievous person. <span class="ver">9</span>The thought of foolishness is sin: and the scorner is an abomination to men. <span class="ver">10</span>If thou faint in the day of adversity, thy strength is small. <span class="ver">11</span>If thou forbear to deliver them that are drawn unto death, and those that are ready to be slain; <span class="ver">12</span>If thou sayest, Behold, we knew it not; dM
oth not he that pondereth the heart consider it? and he that keepeth thy soul, doth not he know it? and shall not he render to every man according to his works? <span class="ver">13</span>My son, eat thou honey, because it is good; and the honeycomb, which is sweet to thy taste: <span class="ver">14</span>So shall the knowledge of wisdom be unto thy soul: when thou hast found it, then there shall be a reward, and thy expectation shall not be cut off. <span class="ver">15</span>Lay not wait, O wicked man, against thM
e dwelling of the righteous; spoil not his resting place: <span class="ver">16</span>For a just man falleth seven times, and riseth up again: but the wicked shall fall into mischief. <span class="ver">17</span>Rejoice not when thine enemy falleth, and let not thine heart be glad when he stumbleth: <span class="ver">18</span>Lest the LORD see it, and it displease him, and he turn away his wrath from him. <span class="ver">19</span>Fret not thyself because of evil men, neither be thou envious at the wicked; <span claM
ss="ver">20</span>For there shall be no reward to the evil man; the candle of the wicked shall be put out. <span class="ver">21</span>My son, fear thou the LORD and the king: and meddle not with them that are given to change: <span class="ver">22</span>For their calamity shall rise suddenly; and who knoweth the ruin of them both? <span class="ver">23</span>These things also belong to the wise. It is not good to have respect of persons in judgment. <span class="ver">24</span>He that saith unto the wicked, Thou art rM
ighteous; him shall the people curse, nations shall abhor him: <span class="ver">25</span>But to them that rebuke him shall be delight, and a good blessing shall come upon them. <span class="ver">26</span>Every man shall kiss his lips that giveth a right answer. <span class="ver">27</span>Prepare thy work without, and make it fit for thyself in the field; and afterwards build thine house. <span class="ver">28</span>Be not a witness against thy neighbour without cause; and deceive not with thy lips. <span class="verM
">29</span>Say not, I will do so to him as he hath done to me: I will render to the man according to his work. <span class="ver">30</span>I went by the field of the slothful, and by the vineyard of the man void of understanding; <span class="ver">31</span>And, lo, it was all grown over with thorns, and nettles had covered the face thereof, and the stone wall thereof was broken down. <span class="ver">32</span>Then I saw, and considered it well: I looked upon it, and received instruction. <span class="ver">33</span>M
Yet a little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to sleep: <span class="ver">34</span>So shall thy poverty come as one that travelleth; and thy want as an armed man.
<h2 id="c25">Chapter 25</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>These are also proverbs of Solomon, which the men of Hezekiah king of Judah copied out. <span class="ver">2</span>It is the glory of God to conceal a thing: but the honour of kings is to search out a matter. <span class="ver">3</span>The heaven for height, and the earth M
for depth, and the heart of kings is unsearchable. <span class="ver">4</span>Take away the dross from the silver, and there shall come forth a vessel for the finer. <span class="ver">5</span>Take away the wicked from before the king, and his throne shall be established in righteousness. <span class="ver">6</span>Put not forth thyself in the presence of the king, and stand not in the place of great men: <span class="ver">7</span>For better it is that it be said unto thee, Come up hither; than that thou shouldest be M
put lower in the presence of the prince whom thine eyes have seen. <span class="ver">8</span>Go not forth hastily to strive, lest thou know not what to do in the end thereof, when thy neighbour hath put thee to shame. <span class="ver">9</span>Debate thy cause with thy neighbour himself; and discover not a secret to another: <span class="ver">10</span>Lest he that heareth it put thee to shame, and thine infamy turn not away. <span class="ver">11</span>A word fitly spoken is like apples of gold in pictures of silverM
. <span class="ver">12</span>As an earring of gold, and an ornament of fine gold, so is a wise reprover upon an obedient ear. <span class="ver">13</span>As the cold of snow in the time of harvest, so is a faithful messenger to them that send him: for he refresheth the soul of his masters. <span class="ver">14</span>Whoso boasteth himself of a false gift is like clouds and wind without rain. <span class="ver">15</span>By long forbearing is a prince persuaded, and a soft tongue breaketh the bone. <span class="ver">16M
</span>Hast thou found honey? eat so much as is sufficient for thee, lest thou be filled therewith, and vomit it. <span class="ver">17</span>Withdraw thy foot from thy neighbour
s house; lest he be weary of thee, and so hate thee. <span class="ver">18</span>A man that beareth false witness against his neighbour is a maul, and a sword, and a sharp arrow. <span class="ver">19</span>Confidence in an unfaithful man in time of trouble is like a broken tooth, and a foot out of joint. <span class="ver">20</span>As he thM
at taketh away a garment in cold weather, and as vinegar upon nitre, so is he that singeth songs to an heavy heart. <span class="ver">21</span>If thine enemy be hungry, give him bread to eat; and if he be thirsty, give him water to drink: <span class="ver">22</span>For thou shalt heap coals of fire upon his head, and the LORD shall reward thee. <span class="ver">23</span>The north wind driveth away rain: so doth an angry countenance a backbiting tongue. <span class="ver">24</span>It is better to dwell in the cornerM
of the housetop, than with a brawling woman and in a wide house. <span class="ver">25</span>As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country. <span class="ver">26</span>A righteous man falling down before the wicked is as a troubled fountain, and a corrupt spring. <span class="ver">27</span>It is not good to eat much honey: so for men to search their own glory is not glory. <span class="ver">28</span>He that hath no rule over his own spirit is like a city that is broken down, and without walls.M
<h2 id="c26">Chapter 26</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>As snow in summer, and as rain in harvest, so honour is not seemly for a fool. <span class="ver">2</span>As the bird by wandering, as the swallow by flying, so the curse causeless shall not come. <span class="ver">3</span>A whip for the horse, a bridle for the ass, and a rod for the fool
s back. <span class="ver">4</span>Answer not a fool according to his folly, lest thou also be like unto him. <span class="ver">5</span>Answer a fool according to hiM
s folly, lest he be wise in his own conceit. <span class="ver">6</span>He that sendeth a message by the hand of a fool cutteth off the feet, and drinketh damage. <span class="ver">7</span>The legs of the lame are not equal: so is a parable in the mouth of fools. <span class="ver">8</span>As he that bindeth a stone in a sling, so is he that giveth honour to a fool. <span class="ver">9</span>As a thorn goeth up into the hand of a drunkard, so is a parable in the mouth of fools. <span class="ver">10</span>The great GoM
d that formed all things both rewardeth the fool, and rewardeth transgressors. <span class="ver">11</span>As a dog returneth to his vomit, so a fool returneth to his folly. <span class="ver">12</span>Seest thou a man wise in his own conceit? there is more hope of a fool than of him. <span class="ver">13</span>The slothful man saith, There is a lion in the way; a lion is in the streets. <span class="ver">14</span>As the door turneth upon his hinges, so doth the slothful upon his bed. <span class="ver">15</span>The sM
lothful hideth his hand in his bosom; it grieveth him to bring it again to his mouth. <span class="ver">16</span>The sluggard is wiser in his own conceit than seven men that can render a reason. <span class="ver">17</span>He that passeth by, and meddleth with strife belonging not to him, is like one that taketh a dog by the ears. <span class="ver">18</span>As a mad man who casteth firebrands, arrows, and death, <span class="ver">19</span>So is the man that deceiveth his neighbour, and saith, Am not I in sport? <spaM
n class="ver">20</span>Where no wood is, there the fire goeth out: so where there is no talebearer, the strife ceaseth. <span class="ver">21</span>As coals are to burning coals, and wood to fire; so is a contentious man to kindle strife. <span class="ver">22</span>The words of a talebearer are as wounds, and they go down into the innermost parts of the belly. <span class="ver">23</span>Burning lips and a wicked heart are like a potsherd covered with silver dross. <span class="ver">24</span>He that hateth dissembletM
h with his lips, and layeth up deceit within him; <span class="ver">25</span>When he speaketh fair, believe him not: for there are seven abominations in his heart. <span class="ver">26</span>Whose hatred is covered by deceit, his wickedness shall be shewed before the whole congregation. <span class="ver">27</span>Whoso diggeth a pit shall fall therein: and he that rolleth a stone, it will return upon him. <span class="ver">28</span>A lying tongue hateth those that are afflicted by it; and a flattering mouth workethM
<h2 id="c27">Chapter 27</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Boast not thyself of to morrow; for thou knowest not what a day may bring forth. <span class="ver">2</span>Let another man praise thee, and not thine own mouth; a stranger, and not thine own lips. <span class="ver">3</span>A stone is heavy, and the sand weighty; but a fool
s wrath is heavier than them both. <span class="ver">4</span>Wrath is cruel, and anger is outrageous; but who is able to stand before envy? <span class="ver">5</span>Open reM
buke is better than secret love. <span class="ver">6</span>Faithful are the wounds of a friend; but the kisses of an enemy are deceitful. <span class="ver">7</span>The full soul loatheth an honeycomb; but to the hungry soul every bitter thing is sweet. <span class="ver">8</span>As a bird that wandereth from her nest, so is a man that wandereth from his place. <span class="ver">9</span>Ointment and perfume rejoice the heart: so doth the sweetness of a man
s friend by hearty counsel. <span class="ver">10</span>ThinM
e own friend, and thy father
s friend, forsake not; neither go into thy brother
s house in the day of thy calamity: for better is a neighbour that is near than a brother far off. <span class="ver">11</span>My son, be wise, and make my heart glad, that I may answer him that reproacheth me. <span class="ver">12</span>A prudent man foreseeth the evil, and hideth himself; but the simple pass on, and are punished. <span class="ver">13</span>Take his garment that is surety for a stranger, and take a pledge of him forM
a strange woman. <span class="ver">14</span>He that blesseth his friend with a loud voice, rising early in the morning, it shall be counted a curse to him. <span class="ver">15</span>A continual dropping in a very rainy day and a contentious woman are alike. <span class="ver">16</span>Whosoever hideth her hideth the wind, and the ointment of his right hand, which bewrayeth itself. <span class="ver">17</span>Iron sharpeneth iron; so a man sharpeneth the countenance of his friend. <span class="ver">18</span>Whoso keM
epeth the fig tree shall eat the fruit thereof: so he that waiteth on his master shall be honoured. <span class="ver">19</span>As in water face answereth to face, so the heart of man to man. <span class="ver">20</span>Hell and destruction are never full; so the eyes of man are never satisfied. <span class="ver">21</span>As the fining pot for silver, and the furnace for gold; so is a man to his praise. <span class="ver">22</span>Though thou shouldest bray a fool in a mortar among wheat with a pestle, yet will not hiM
s foolishness depart from him. <span class="ver">23</span>Be thou diligent to know the state of thy flocks, and look well to thy herds. <span class="ver">24</span>For riches are not for ever: and doth the crown endure to every generation? <span class="ver">25</span>The hay appeareth, and the tender grass sheweth itself, and herbs of the mountains are gathered. <span class="ver">26</span>The lambs are for thy clothing, and the goats are the price of the field. <span class="ver">27</span>And thou shalt have goats
milk enough for thy food, for the food of thy household, and for the maintenance for thy maidens.
<h2 id="c28">Chapter 28</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The wicked flee when no man pursueth: but the righteous are bold as a lion. <span class="ver">2</span>For the transgression of a land many are the princes thereof: but by a man of understanding and knowledge the state thereof shall be prolonged. <span class="ver">3</span>A poor man that oppresseth the poor is like a sweeping rain which leaveth no food. <spM
an class="ver">4</span>They that forsake the law praise the wicked: but such as keep the law contend with them. <span class="ver">5</span>Evil men understand not judgment: but they that seek the LORD understand all things. <span class="ver">6</span>Better is the poor that walketh in his uprightness, than he that is perverse in his ways, though he be rich. <span class="ver">7</span>Whoso keepeth the law is a wise son: but he that is a companion of riotous men shameth his father. <span class="ver">8</span>He that by M
usury and unjust gain increaseth his substance, he shall gather it for him that will pity the poor. <span class="ver">9</span>He that turneth away his ear from hearing the law, even his prayer shall be abomination. <span class="ver">10</span>Whoso causeth the righteous to go astray in an evil way, he shall fall himself into his own pit: but the upright shall have good things in possession. <span class="ver">11</span>The rich man is wise in his own conceit; but the poor that hath understanding searcheth him out. <spM
an class="ver">12</span>When righteous men do rejoice, there is great glory: but when the wicked rise, a man is hidden. <span class="ver">13</span>He that covereth his sins shall not prosper: but whoso confesseth and forsaketh them shall have mercy. <span class="ver">14</span>Happy is the man that feareth alway: but he that hardeneth his heart shall fall into mischief. <span class="ver">15</span>As a roaring lion, and a ranging bear; so is a wicked ruler over the poor people. <span class="ver">16</span>The prince tM
hat wanteth understanding is also a great oppressor: but he that hateth covetousness shall prolong his days. <span class="ver">17</span>A man that doeth violence to the blood of any person shall flee to the pit; let no man stay him. <span class="ver">18</span>Whoso walketh uprightly shall be saved: but he that is perverse in his ways shall fall at once. <span class="ver">19</span>He that tilleth his land shall have plenty of bread: but he that followeth after vain persons shall have poverty enough. <span class="verM
">20</span>A faithful man shall abound with blessings: but he that maketh haste to be rich shall not be innocent. <span class="ver">21</span>To have respect of persons is not good: for for a piece of bread that man will transgress. <span class="ver">22</span>He that hasteth to be rich hath an evil eye, and considereth not that poverty shall come upon him. <span class="ver">23</span>He that rebuketh a man afterwards shall find more favour than he that flattereth with the tongue. <span class="ver">24</span>Whoso robbM
eth his father or his mother, and saith, It is no transgression; the same is the companion of a destroyer. <span class="ver">25</span>He that is of a proud heart stirreth up strife: but he that putteth his trust in the LORD shall be made fat. <span class="ver">26</span>He that trusteth in his own heart is a fool: but whoso walketh wisely, he shall be delivered. <span class="ver">27</span>He that giveth unto the poor shall not lack: but he that hideth his eyes shall have many a curse. <span class="ver">28</span>WhenM
the wicked rise, men hide themselves: but when they perish, the righteous increase.
<h2 id="c29">Chapter 29</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>He, that being often reproved hardeneth his neck, shall suddenly be destroyed, and that without remedy. <span class="ver">2</span>When the righteous are in authority, the people rejoice: but when the wicked beareth rule, the people mourn. <span class="ver">3</span>Whoso loveth wisdom rejoiceth his father: but he that keepeth company with harlots spendeth his substance.M
<span class="ver">4</span>The king by judgment establisheth the land: but he that receiveth gifts overthroweth it. <span class="ver">5</span>A man that flattereth his neighbour spreadeth a net for his feet. <span class="ver">6</span>In the transgression of an evil man there is a snare: but the righteous doth sing and rejoice. <span class="ver">7</span>The righteous considereth the cause of the poor: but the wicked regardeth not to know it. <span class="ver">8</span>Scornful men bring a city into a snare: but wise M
men turn away wrath. <span class="ver">9</span>If a wise man contendeth with a foolish man, whether he rage or laugh, there is no rest. <span class="ver">10</span>The bloodthirsty hate the upright: but the just seek his soul. <span class="ver">11</span>A fool uttereth all his mind: but a wise man keepeth it in till afterwards. <span class="ver">12</span>If a ruler hearken to lies, all his servants are wicked. <span class="ver">13</span>The poor and the deceitful man meet together: the LORD lighteneth both their eyeM
s. <span class="ver">14</span>The king that faithfully judgeth the poor, his throne shall be established for ever. <span class="ver">15</span>The rod and reproof give wisdom: but a child left to himself bringeth his mother to shame. <span class="ver">16</span>When the wicked are multiplied, transgression increaseth: but the righteous shall see their fall. <span class="ver">17</span>Correct thy son, and he shall give thee rest; yea, he shall give delight unto thy soul. <span class="ver">18</span>Where there is no viM
sion, the people perish: but he that keepeth the law, happy is he. <span class="ver">19</span>A servant will not be corrected by words: for though he understand he will not answer. <span class="ver">20</span>Seest thou a man that is hasty in his words? there is more hope of a fool than of him. <span class="ver">21</span>He that delicately bringeth up his servant from a child shall have him become his son at the length. <span class="ver">22</span>An angry man stirreth up strife, and a furious man aboundeth in transgM
ression. <span class="ver">23</span>A man
s pride shall bring him low: but honour shall uphold the humble in spirit. <span class="ver">24</span>Whoso is partner with a thief hateth his own soul: he heareth cursing, and bewrayeth it not. <span class="ver">25</span>The fear of man bringeth a snare: but whoso putteth his trust in the LORD shall be safe. <span class="ver">26</span>Many seek the ruler
s favour; but every man
s judgment cometh from the LORD. <span class="ver">27</span>An unjust man is an abominatioM
n to the just: and he that is upright in the way is abomination to the wicked.
<h2 id="c30">Chapter 30</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The words of Agur the son of Jakeh, even the prophecy: the man spake unto Ithiel, even unto Ithiel and Ucal, <span class="ver">2</span>Surely I am more brutish than any man, and have not the understanding of a man. <span class="ver">3</span>I neither learned wisdom, nor have the knowledge of the holy. <span class="ver">4</span>Who hath ascended up into heaven, or descended? M
who hath gathered the wind in his fists? who hath bound the waters in a garment? who hath established all the ends of the earth? what is his name, and what is his son
s name, if thou canst tell? <span class="ver">5</span>Every word of God is pure: he is a shield unto them that put their trust in him. <span class="ver">6</span>Add thou not unto his words, lest he reprove thee, and thou be found a liar. <span class="ver">7</span>Two things have I required of thee; deny me them not before I die: <span class="ver">8<M
/span>Remove far from me vanity and lies: give me neither poverty nor riches; feed me with food convenient for me: <span class="ver">9</span>Lest I be full, and deny thee, and say, Who is the LORD? or lest I be poor, and steal, and take the name of my God in vain. <span class="ver">10</span>Accuse not a servant unto his master, lest he curse thee, and thou be found guilty. <span class="ver">11</span>There is a generation that curseth their father, and doth not bless their mother. <span class="ver">12</span>There isM
a generation that are pure in their own eyes, and yet is not washed from their filthiness. <span class="ver">13</span>There is a generation, O how lofty are their eyes! and their eyelids are lifted up. <span class="ver">14</span>There is a generation, whose teeth are as swords, and their jaw teeth as knives, to devour the poor from off the earth, and the needy from among men. <span class="ver">15</span>The horseleach hath two daughters, crying, Give, give. There are three things that are never satisfied, yea, fourM
things say not, It is enough: <span class="ver">16</span>The grave; and the barren womb; the earth that is not filled with water; and the fire that saith not, It is enough. <span class="ver">17</span>The eye that mocketh at his father, and despiseth to obey his mother, the ravens of the valley shall pick it out, and the young eagles shall eat it. <span class="ver">18</span>There be three things which are too wonderful for me, yea, four which I know not: <span class="ver">19</span>The way of an eagle in the air; thM
e way of a serpent upon a rock; the way of a ship in the midst of the sea; and the way of a man with a maid. <span class="ver">20</span>Such is the way of an adulterous woman; she eateth, and wipeth her mouth, and saith, I have done no wickedness. <span class="ver">21</span>For three things the earth is disquieted, and for four which it cannot bear: <span class="ver">22</span>For a servant when he reigneth; and a fool when he is filled with meat; <span class="ver">23</span>For an odious woman when she is married; aM
nd an handmaid that is heir to her mistress. <span class="ver">24</span>There be four things which are little upon the earth, but they are exceeding wise: <span class="ver">25</span>The ants are a people not strong, yet they prepare their meat in the summer; <span class="ver">26</span>The conies are but a feeble folk, yet make they their houses in the rocks; <span class="ver">27</span>The locusts have no king, yet go they forth all of them by bands; <span class="ver">28</span>The spider taketh hold with her hands, M
palaces. <span class="ver">29</span>There be three things which go well, yea, four are comely in going: <span class="ver">30</span>A lion which is strongest among beasts, and turneth not away for any; <span class="ver">31</span>A greyhound; an he goat also; and a king, against whom there is no rising up. <span class="ver">32</span>If thou hast done foolishly in lifting up thyself, or if thou hast thought evil, lay thine hand upon thy mouth. <span class="ver">33</span>Surely the churning of milk bM
ringeth forth butter, and the wringing of the nose bringeth forth blood: so the forcing of wrath bringeth forth strife.
<h2 id="c31">Chapter 31</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The words of king Lemuel, the prophecy that his mother taught him. <span class="ver">2</span>What, my son? and what, the son of my womb? and what, the son of my vows? <span class="ver">3</span>Give not thy strength unto women, nor thy ways to that which destroyeth kings. <span class="ver">4</span>It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is nM
ot for kings to drink wine; nor for princes strong drink: <span class="ver">5</span>Lest they drink, and forget the law, and pervert the judgment of any of the afflicted. <span class="ver">6</span>Give strong drink unto him that is ready to perish, and wine unto those that be of heavy hearts. <span class="ver">7</span>Let him drink, and forget his poverty, and remember his misery no more. <span class="ver">8</span>Open thy mouth for the dumb in the cause of all such as are appointed to destruction. <span class="verM
">9</span>Open thy mouth, judge righteously, and plead the cause of the poor and needy. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Who can find a virtuous woman? for her price is far above rubies. <span class="ver">11</span>The heart of her husband doth safely trust in her, so that he shall have no need of spoil. <span class="ver">12</span>She will do him good and not evil all the days of her life. <span class="ver">13</span>She seeketh wool, and flax, and worketh willingly with her hands. <span class="ver">14</span>She M
is like the merchants
ships; she bringeth her food from afar. <span class="ver">15</span>She riseth also while it is yet night, and giveth meat to her household, and a portion to her maidens. <span class="ver">16</span>She considereth a field, and buyeth it: with the fruit of her hands she planteth a vineyard. <span class="ver">17</span>She girdeth her loins with strength, and strengtheneth her arms. <span class="ver">18</span>She perceiveth that her merchandise is good: her candle goeth not out by night. <span M
class="ver">19</span>She layeth her hands to the spindle, and her hands hold the distaff. <span class="ver">20</span>She stretcheth out her hand to the poor; yea, she reacheth forth her hands to the needy. <span class="ver">21</span>She is not afraid of the snow for her household: for all her household are clothed with scarlet. <span class="ver">22</span>She maketh herself coverings of tapestry; her clothing is silk and purple. <span class="ver">23</span>Her husband is known in the gates, when he sitteth among the M
elders of the land. <span class="ver">24</span>She maketh fine linen, and selleth it; and delivereth girdles unto the merchant. <span class="ver">25</span>Strength and honour are her clothing; and she shall rejoice in time to come. <span class="ver">26</span>She openeth her mouth with wisdom; and in her tongue is the law of kindness. <span class="ver">27</span>She looketh well to the ways of her household, and eateth not the bread of idleness. <span class="ver">28</span>Her children arise up, and call her blessed; M
her husband also, and he praiseth her. <span class="ver">29</span>Many daughters have done virtuously, but thou excellest them all. <span class="ver">30</span>Favour is deceitful, and beauty is vain: but a woman that feareth the LORD, she shall be praised. <span class="ver">31</span>Give her of the fruit of her hands; and let her own works praise her in the gates. </p>
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<title>BOOK OF JUDGES</title>
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<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</aM
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="#c10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="#c11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="#c12">12</a></li>
<li><a href="#c13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="#c14">14</a></li>
<li><a href="#c15">15</a></li>
<li><a href="#c16">1M
<li><a href="#c17">17</a></li>
<li><a href="#c18">18</a></li>
<li><a href="#c19">19</a></li>
<li><a href="#c20">20</a></li>
<li><a href="#c21">21</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now after the death of Joshua it came to pass, that the children of Israel asked the LORD, saying, Who shall go up for us against the Canaanites first, to fight against them? <span class="ver">2</span>And the LORD said, Judah shall go up: behold, M
I have delivered the land into his hand. <span class="ver">3</span>And Judah said unto Simeon his brother, Come up with me into my lot, that we may fight against the Canaanites; and I likewise will go with thee into thy lot. So Simeon went with him. <span class="ver">4</span>And Judah went up; and the LORD delivered the Canaanites and the Perizzites into their hand: and they slew of them in Bezek ten thousand men. <span class="ver">5</span>And they found Adoni-bezek in Bezek: and they fought against him, and they sM
lew the Canaanites and the Perizzites. <span class="ver">6</span>But Adoni-bezek fled; and they pursued after him, and caught him, and cut off his thumbs and his great toes. <span class="ver">7</span>And Adoni-bezek said, Threescore and ten kings, having their thumbs and their great toes cut off, gathered their meat under my table: as I have done, so God hath requited me. And they brought him to Jerusalem, and there he died. <span class="ver">8</span>Now the children of Judah had fought against Jerusalem, and had tM
aken it, and smitten it with the edge of the sword, and set the city on fire. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And afterward the children of Judah went down to fight against the Canaanites, that dwelt in the mountain, and in the south, and in the valley. <span class="ver">10</span>And Judah went against the Canaanites that dwelt in Hebron: (now the name of Hebron before was Kirjath-arba:) and they slew Sheshai, and Ahiman, and Talmai. <span class="ver">11</span>And from thence he went against the inhabitants of M
Debir: and the name of Debir before was Kirjath-sepher: <span class="ver">12</span>And Caleb said, He that smiteth Kirjath-sepher, and taketh it, to him will I give Achsah my daughter to wife. <span class="ver">13</span>And Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb
s younger brother, took it: and he gave him Achsah his daughter to wife. <span class="ver">14</span>And it came to pass, when she came to him, that she moved him to ask of her father a field: and she lighted from off her ass; and Caleb said unto her, What wilt tM
hou? <span class="ver">15</span>And she said unto him, Give me a blessing: for thou hast given me a south land; give me also springs of water. And Caleb gave her the upper springs and the nether springs. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And the children of the Kenite, Moses
father in law, went up out of the city of palm trees with the children of Judah into the wilderness of Judah, which lieth in the south of Arad; and they went and dwelt among the people. <span class="ver">17</span>And Judah went with SimeoM
n his brother, and they slew the Canaanites that inhabited Zephath, and utterly destroyed it. And the name of the city was called Hormah. <span class="ver">18</span>Also Judah took Gaza with the coast thereof, and Askelon with the coast thereof, and Ekron with the coast thereof. <span class="ver">19</span>And the LORD was with Judah; and he drave out the inhabitants of the mountain; but could not drive out the inhabitants of the valley, because they had chariots of iron. <span class="ver">20</span>And they gave HebM
ron unto Caleb, as Moses said: and he expelled thence the three sons of Anak. <span class="ver">21</span>And the children of Benjamin did not drive out the Jebusites that inhabited Jerusalem; but the Jebusites dwell with the children of Benjamin in Jerusalem unto this day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And the house of Joseph, they also went up against Beth-el: and the LORD was with them. <span class="ver">23</span>And the house of Joseph sent to descry Beth-el. (Now the name of the city before was Luz.) <spM
an class="ver">24</span>And the spies saw a man come forth out of the city, and they said unto him, Shew us, we pray thee, the entrance into the city, and we will shew thee mercy. <span class="ver">25</span>And when he shewed them the entrance into the city, they smote the city with the edge of the sword; but they let go the man and all his family. <span class="ver">26</span>And the man went into the land of the Hittites, and built a city, and called the name thereof Luz: which is the name thereof unto this day. </M
<p><span class="ver">27</span>Neither did Manasseh drive out the inhabitants of Beth-shean and her towns, nor Taanach and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Dor and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Ibleam and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Megiddo and her towns: but the Canaanites would dwell in that land. <span class="ver">28</span>And it came to pass, when Israel was strong, that they put the Canaanites to tribute, and did not utterly drive them out. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>Neither did EphraiM
m drive out the Canaanites that dwelt in Gezer; but the Canaanites dwelt in Gezer among them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>Neither did Zebulun drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites dwelt among them, and became tributaries. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>Neither did Asher drive out the inhabitants of Accho, nor the inhabitants of Zidon, nor of Ahlab, nor of Achzib, nor of Helbah, nor of Aphik, nor of Rehob: <span class="ver">32</span>But the Asherites dM
welt among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land: for they did not drive them out. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>Neither did Naphtali drive out the inhabitants of Beth-shemesh, nor the inhabitants of Beth-anath; but he dwelt among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land: nevertheless the inhabitants of Beth-shemesh and of Beth-anath became tributaries unto them. <span class="ver">34</span>And the Amorites forced the children of Dan into the mountain: for they would not suffer them to come down to tM
he valley: <span class="ver">35</span>But the Amorites would dwell in mount Heres in Aijalon, and in Shaalbim: yet the hand of the house of Joseph prevailed, so that they became tributaries. <span class="ver">36</span>And the coast of the Amorites was from the going up to Akrabbim, from the rock, and upward.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And an angel of the LORD came up from Gilgal to Bochim, and said, I made you to go up out of Egypt, and have brought you unto the land which I swareM
unto your fathers; and I said, I will never break my covenant with you. <span class="ver">2</span>And ye shall make no league with the inhabitants of this land; ye shall throw down their altars: but ye have not obeyed my voice: why have ye done this? <span class="ver">3</span>Wherefore I also said, I will not drive them out from before you; but they shall be as thorns in your sides, and their gods shall be a snare unto you. <span class="ver">4</span>And it came to pass, when the angel of the LORD spake these wordsM
unto all the children of Israel, that the people lifted up their voice, and wept. <span class="ver">5</span>And they called the name of that place Bochim: and they sacrificed there unto the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And when Joshua had let the people go, the children of Israel went every man unto his inheritance to possess the land. <span class="ver">7</span>And the people served the LORD all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that outlived Joshua, who had seen all the great works oM
f the LORD, that he did for Israel. <span class="ver">8</span>And Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of the LORD, died, being an hundred and ten years old. <span class="ver">9</span>And they buried him in the border of his inheritance in Timnath-heres, in the mount of Ephraim, on the north side of the hill Gaash. <span class="ver">10</span>And also all that generation were gathered unto their fathers: and there arose another generation after them, which knew not the LORD, nor yet the works which he had done for IsrM
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And the children of Israel did evil in the sight of the LORD, and served Baalim: <span class="ver">12</span>And they forsook the LORD God of their fathers, which brought them out of the land of Egypt, and followed other gods, of the gods of the people that were round about them, and bowed themselves unto them, and provoked the LORD to anger. <span class="ver">13</span>And they forsook the LORD, and served Baal and Ashtaroth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And the angeM
r of the LORD was hot against Israel, and he delivered them into the hands of spoilers that spoiled them, and he sold them into the hands of their enemies round about, so that they could not any longer stand before their enemies. <span class="ver">15</span>Whithersoever they went out, the hand of the LORD was against them for evil, as the LORD had said, and as the LORD had sworn unto them: and they were greatly distressed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Nevertheless the LORD raised up judges, which delivered M
them out of the hand of those that spoiled them. <span class="ver">17</span>And yet they would not hearken unto their judges, but they went a whoring after other gods, and bowed themselves unto them: they turned quickly out of the way which their fathers walked in, obeying the commandments of the LORD; but they did not so. <span class="ver">18</span>And when the LORD raised them up judges, then the LORD was with the judge, and delivered them out of the hand of their enemies all the days of the judge: for it repenteM
d the LORD because of their groanings by reason of them that oppressed them and vexed them. <span class="ver">19</span>And it came to pass, when the judge was dead, that they returned, and corrupted themselves more than their fathers, in following other gods to serve them, and to bow down unto them; they ceased not from their own doings, nor from their stubborn way. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And the anger of the LORD was hot against Israel; and he said, Because that this people hath transgressed my covenM
ant which I commanded their fathers, and have not hearkened unto my voice; <span class="ver">21</span>I also will not henceforth drive out any from before them of the nations which Joshua left when he died: <span class="ver">22</span>That through them I may prove Israel, whether they will keep the way of the LORD to walk therein, as their fathers did keep it, or not. <span class="ver">23</span>Therefore the LORD left those nations, without driving them out hastily; neither delivered he them into the hand of Joshua.M
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now these are the nations which the LORD left, to prove Israel by them, even as many of Israel as had not known all the wars of Canaan; <span class="ver">2</span>Only that the generations of the children of Israel might know, to teach them war, at the least such as before knew nothing thereof; <span class="ver">3</span>Namely, five lords of the Philistines, and all the Canaanites, and the Sidonians, and the Hivites that dwelt in mount Lebanon, from mounM
t Baal-hermon unto the entering in of Hamath. <span class="ver">4</span>And they were to prove Israel by them, to know whether they would hearken unto the commandments of the LORD, which he commanded their fathers by the hand of Moses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And the children of Israel dwelt among the Canaanites, Hittites, and Amorites, and Perizzites, and Hivites, and Jebusites: <span class="ver">6</span>And they took their daughters to be their wives, and gave their daughters to their sons, and servedM
their gods. <span class="ver">7</span>And the children of Israel did evil in the sight of the LORD, and forgat the LORD their God, and served Baalim and the groves. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Therefore the anger of the LORD was hot against Israel, and he sold them into the hand of Chushan-rishathaim king of Mesopotamia: and the children of Israel served Chushan-rishathaim eight years. <span class="ver">9</span>And when the children of Israel cried unto the LORD, the LORD raised up a deliverer to the childM
ren of Israel, who delivered them, even Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb
s younger brother. <span class="ver">10</span>And the Spirit of the LORD came upon him, and he judged Israel, and went out to war: and the LORD delivered Chushan-rishathaim king of Mesopotamia into his hand; and his hand prevailed against Chushan-rishathaim. <span class="ver">11</span>And the land had rest forty years. And Othniel the son of Kenaz died. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And the children of Israel did evil again in the sighM
t of the LORD: and the LORD strengthened Eglon the king of Moab against Israel, because they had done evil in the sight of the LORD. <span class="ver">13</span>And he gathered unto him the children of Ammon and Amalek, and went and smote Israel, and possessed the city of palm trees. <span class="ver">14</span>So the children of Israel served Eglon the king of Moab eighteen years. <span class="ver">15</span>But when the children of Israel cried unto the LORD, the LORD raised them up a deliverer, Ehud the son of GeraM
, a Benjamite, a man lefthanded: and by him the children of Israel sent a present unto Eglon the king of Moab. <span class="ver">16</span>But Ehud made him a dagger which had two edges, of a cubit length; and he did gird it under his raiment upon his right thigh. <span class="ver">17</span>And he brought the present unto Eglon king of Moab: and Eglon was a very fat man. <span class="ver">18</span>And when he had made an end to offer the present, he sent away the people that bare the present. <span class="ver">19</sM
pan>But he himself turned again from the quarries that were by Gilgal, and said, I have a secret errand unto thee, O king: who said, Keep silence. And all that stood by him went out from him. <span class="ver">20</span>And Ehud came unto him; and he was sitting in a summer parlour, which he had for himself alone. And Ehud said, I have a message from God unto thee. And he arose out of his seat. <span class="ver">21</span>And Ehud put forth his left hand, and took the dagger from his right thigh, and thrust it into hM
is belly: <span class="ver">22</span>And the haft also went in after the blade; and the fat closed upon the blade, so that he could not draw the dagger out of his belly; and the dirt came out. <span class="ver">23</span>Then Ehud went forth through the porch, and shut the doors of the parlour upon him, and locked them. <span class="ver">24</span>When he was gone out, his servants came; and when they saw that, behold, the doors of the parlour were locked, they said, Surely he covereth his feet in his summer chamber.M
<span class="ver">25</span>And they tarried till they were ashamed: and, behold, he opened not the doors of the parlour; therefore they took a key, and opened them: and, behold, their lord was fallen down dead on the earth. <span class="ver">26</span>And Ehud escaped while they tarried, and passed beyond the quarries, and escaped unto Seirath. <span class="ver">27</span>And it came to pass, when he was come, that he blew a trumpet in the mountain of Ephraim, and the children of Israel went down with him from the mM
ount, and he before them. <span class="ver">28</span>And he said unto them, Follow after me: for the LORD hath delivered your enemies the Moabites into your hand. And they went down after him, and took the fords of Jordan toward Moab, and suffered not a man to pass over. <span class="ver">29</span>And they slew of Moab at that time about ten thousand men, all lusty, and all men of valour; and there escaped not a man. <span class="ver">30</span>So Moab was subdued that day under the hand of Israel. And the land had M
rest fourscore years. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>And after him was Shamgar the son of Anath, which slew of the Philistines six hundred men with an ox goad: and he also delivered Israel.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the children of Israel again did evil in the sight of the LORD, when Ehud was dead. <span class="ver">2</span>And the LORD sold them into the hand of Jabin king of Canaan, that reigned in Hazor; the captain of whose host was Sisera, which dwelt in Harosheth M
of the Gentiles. <span class="ver">3</span>And the children of Israel cried unto the LORD: for he had nine hundred chariots of iron; and twenty years he mightily oppressed the children of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And Deborah, a prophetess, the wife of Lapidoth, she judged Israel at that time. <span class="ver">5</span>And she dwelt under the palm tree of Deborah between Ramah and Beth-el in mount Ephraim: and the children of Israel came up to her for judgment. <span class="ver">6</span>And she seM
nt and called Barak the son of Abinoam out of Kedesh-naphtali, and said unto him, Hath not the LORD God of Israel commanded, saying, Go and draw toward mount Tabor, and take with thee ten thousand men of the children of Naphtali and of the children of Zebulun? <span class="ver">7</span>And I will draw unto thee to the river Kishon Sisera, the captain of Jabin
s army, with his chariots and his multitude; and I will deliver him into thine hand. <span class="ver">8</span>And Barak said unto her, If thou wilt go withM
me, then I will go: but if thou wilt not go with me, then I will not go. <span class="ver">9</span>And she said, I will surely go with thee: notwithstanding the journey that thou takest shall not be for thine honour; for the LORD shall sell Sisera into the hand of a woman. And Deborah arose, and went with Barak to Kedesh. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And Barak called Zebulun and Naphtali to Kedesh; and he went up with ten thousand men at his feet: and Deborah went up with him. <span class="ver">11</span>NoM
w Heber the Kenite, which was of the children of Hobab the father in law of Moses, had severed himself from the Kenites, and pitched his tent unto the plain of Zaanaim, which is by Kedesh. <span class="ver">12</span>And they shewed Sisera that Barak the son of Abinoam was gone up to mount Tabor. <span class="ver">13</span>And Sisera gathered together all his chariots, even nine hundred chariots of iron, and all the people that were with him, from Harosheth of the Gentiles unto the river of Kishon. <span class="ver"M
>14</span>And Deborah said unto Barak, Up; for this is the day in which the LORD hath delivered Sisera into thine hand: is not the LORD gone out before thee? So Barak went down from mount Tabor, and ten thousand men after him. <span class="ver">15</span>And the LORD discomfited Sisera, and all his chariots, and all his host, with the edge of the sword before Barak; so that Sisera lighted down off his chariot, and fled away on his feet. <span class="ver">16</span>But Barak pursued after the chariots, and after the hM
ost, unto Harosheth of the Gentiles: and all the host of Sisera fell upon the edge of the sword; and there was not a man left. <span class="ver">17</span>Howbeit Sisera fled away on his feet to the tent of Jael the wife of Heber the Kenite: for there was peace between Jabin the king of Hazor and the house of Heber the Kenite. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And Jael went out to meet Sisera, and said unto him, Turn in, my lord, turn in to me; fear not. And when he had turned in unto her into the tent, she coverM
ed him with a mantle. <span class="ver">19</span>And he said unto her, Give me, I pray thee, a little water to drink; for I am thirsty. And she opened a bottle of milk, and gave him drink, and covered him. <span class="ver">20</span>Again he said unto her, Stand in the door of the tent, and it shall be, when any man doth come and enquire of thee, and say, Is there any man here? that thou shalt say, No. <span class="ver">21</span>Then Jael Heber
s wife took a nail of the tent, and took an hammer in her hand, and wM
ent softly unto him, and smote the nail into his temples, and fastened it into the ground: for he was fast asleep and weary. So he died. <span class="ver">22</span>And, behold, as Barak pursued Sisera, Jael came out to meet him, and said unto him, Come, and I will shew thee the man whom thou seekest. And when he came into her tent, behold, Sisera lay dead, and the nail was in his temples. <span class="ver">23</span>So God subdued on that day Jabin the king of Canaan before the children of Israel. <span class="ver">M
24</span>And the hand of the children of Israel prospered, and prevailed against Jabin the king of Canaan, until they had destroyed Jabin king of Canaan.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then sang Deborah and Barak the son of Abinoam on that day, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Praise ye the LORD for the avenging of Israel, when the people willingly offered themselves. <span class="ver">3</span>Hear, O ye kings; give ear, O ye princes; I, even I, will sing unto the LORD; I will sing pM
raise to the LORD God of Israel. <span class="ver">4</span>LORD, when thou wentest out of Seir, when thou marchedst out of the field of Edom, the earth trembled, and the heavens dropped, the clouds also dropped water. <span class="ver">5</span>The mountains melted from before the LORD, even that Sinai from before the LORD God of Israel. <span class="ver">6</span>In the days of Shamgar the son of Anath, in the days of Jael, the highways were unoccupied, and the travellers walked through byways. <span class="ver">7</M
span>The inhabitants of the villages ceased, they ceased in Israel, until that I Deborah arose, that I arose a mother in Israel. <span class="ver">8</span>They chose new gods; then was war in the gates: was there a shield or spear seen among forty thousand in Israel? <span class="ver">9</span>My heart is toward the governors of Israel, that offered themselves willingly among the people. Bless ye the LORD. <span class="ver">10</span>Speak, ye that ride on white asses, ye that sit in judgment, and walk by the way. <sM
pan class="ver">11</span>They that are delivered from the noise of archers in the places of drawing water, there shall they rehearse the righteous acts of the LORD, even the righteous acts toward the inhabitants of his villages in Israel: then shall the people of the LORD go down to the gates. <span class="ver">12</span>Awake, awake, Deborah: awake, awake, utter a song: arise, Barak, and lead thy captivity captive, thou son of Abinoam. <span class="ver">13</span>Then he made him that remaineth have dominion over thM
e nobles among the people: the LORD made me have dominion over the mighty. <span class="ver">14</span>Out of Ephraim was there a root of them against Amalek; after thee, Benjamin, among thy people; out of Machir came down governors, and out of Zebulun they that handle the pen of the writer. <span class="ver">15</span>And the princes of Issachar were with Deborah; even Issachar, and also Barak: he was sent on foot into the valley. For the divisions of Reuben there were great thoughts of heart. <span class="ver">16</M
span>Why abodest thou among the sheepfolds, to hear the bleatings of the flocks? For the divisions of Reuben there were great searchings of heart. <span class="ver">17</span>Gilead abode beyond Jordan: and why did Dan remain in ships? Asher continued on the sea shore, and abode in his breaches. <span class="ver">18</span>Zebulun and Naphtali were a people that jeoparded their lives unto the death in the high places of the field. <span class="ver">19</span>The kings came and fought, then fought the kings of Canaan iM
n Taanach by the waters of Megiddo; they took no gain of money. <span class="ver">20</span>They fought from heaven; the stars in their courses fought against Sisera. <span class="ver">21</span>The river of Kishon swept them away, that ancient river, the river Kishon. O my soul, thou hast trodden down strength. <span class="ver">22</span>Then were the horsehoofs broken by the means of the pransings, the pransings of their mighty ones. <span class="ver">23</span>Curse ye Meroz, said the angel of the LORD, curse ye biM
tterly the inhabitants thereof; because they came not to the help of the LORD, to the help of the LORD against the mighty. <span class="ver">24</span>Blessed above women shall Jael the wife of Heber the Kenite be, blessed shall she be above women in the tent. <span class="ver">25</span>He asked water, and she gave him milk; she brought forth butter in a lordly dish. <span class="ver">26</span>She put her hand to the nail, and her right hand to the workmen
s hammer; and with the hammer she smote Sisera, she smote M
off his head, when she had pierced and stricken through his temples. <span class="ver">27</span>At her feet he bowed, he fell, he lay down: at her feet he bowed, he fell: where he bowed, there he fell down dead. <span class="ver">28</span>The mother of Sisera looked out at a window, and cried through the lattice, Why is his chariot so long in coming? why tarry the wheels of his chariots? <span class="ver">29</span>Her wise ladies answered her, yea, she returned answer to herself, <span class="ver">30</span>Have theM
y not sped? have they not divided the prey; to every man a damsel or two; to Sisera a prey of divers colours, a prey of divers colours of needlework, of divers colours of needlework on both sides, meet for the necks of them that take the spoil? <span class="ver">31</span>So let all thine enemies perish, O LORD: but let them that love him be as the sun when he goeth forth in his might. And the land had rest forty years.
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the children of Israel did evilM
in the sight of the LORD: and the LORD delivered them into the hand of Midian seven years. <span class="ver">2</span>And the hand of Midian prevailed against Israel: and because of the Midianites the children of Israel made them the dens which are in the mountains, and caves, and strong holds. <span class="ver">3</span>And so it was, when Israel had sown, that the Midianites came up, and the Amalekites, and the children of the east, even they came up against them; <span class="ver">4</span>And they encamped againsM
t them, and destroyed the increase of the earth, till thou come unto Gaza, and left no sustenance for Israel, neither sheep, nor ox, nor ass. <span class="ver">5</span>For they came up with their cattle and their tents, and they came as grasshoppers for multitude; for both they and their camels were without number: and they entered into the land to destroy it. <span class="ver">6</span>And Israel was greatly impoverished because of the Midianites; and the children of Israel cried unto the LORD. </p>
s="ver">7</span>And it came to pass, when the children of Israel cried unto the LORD because of the Midianites, <span class="ver">8</span>That the LORD sent a prophet unto the children of Israel, which said unto them, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, I brought you up from Egypt, and brought you forth out of the house of bondage; <span class="ver">9</span>And I delivered you out of the hand of the Egyptians, and out of the hand of all that oppressed you, and drave them out from before you, and gave you their land;M
<span class="ver">10</span>And I said unto you, I am the LORD your God; fear not the gods of the Amorites, in whose land ye dwell: but ye have not obeyed my voice. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And there came an angel of the LORD, and sat under an oak which was in Ophrah, that pertained unto Joash the Abi-ezrite: and his son Gideon threshed wheat by the winepress, to hide it from the Midianites. <span class="ver">12</span>And the angel of the LORD appeared unto him, and said unto him, The LORD is with thee,M
thou mighty man of valour. <span class="ver">13</span>And Gideon said unto him, Oh my Lord, if the LORD be with us, why then is all this befallen us? and where be all his miracles which our fathers told us of, saying, Did not the LORD bring us up from Egypt? but now the LORD hath forsaken us, and delivered us into the hands of the Midianites. <span class="ver">14</span>And the LORD looked upon him, and said, Go in this thy might, and thou shalt save Israel from the hand of the Midianites: have not I sent thee? <spM
an class="ver">15</span>And he said unto him, Oh my Lord, wherewith shall I save Israel? behold, my family is poor in Manasseh, and I am the least in my father
s house. <span class="ver">16</span>And the LORD said unto him, Surely I will be with thee, and thou shalt smite the Midianites as one man. <span class="ver">17</span>And he said unto him, If now I have found grace in thy sight, then shew me a sign that thou talkest with me. <span class="ver">18</span>Depart not hence, I pray thee, until I come unto thee, M
and bring forth my present, and set it before thee. And he said, I will tarry until thou come again. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And Gideon went in, and made ready a kid, and unleavened cakes of an ephah of flour: the flesh he put in a basket, and he put the broth in a pot, and brought it out unto him under the oak, and presented it. <span class="ver">20</span>And the angel of God said unto him, Take the flesh and the unleavened cakes, and lay them upon this rock, and pour out the broth. And he did so. </pM
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Then the angel of the LORD put forth the end of the staff that was in his hand, and touched the flesh and the unleavened cakes; and there rose up fire out of the rock, and consumed the flesh and the unleavened cakes. Then the angel of the LORD departed out of his sight. <span class="ver">22</span>And when Gideon perceived that he was an angel of the LORD, Gideon said, Alas, O Lord GOD! for because I have seen an angel of the LORD face to face. <span class="ver">23</span>And the LORM
D said unto him, Peace be unto thee; fear not: thou shalt not die. <span class="ver">24</span>Then Gideon built an altar there unto the LORD, and called it Jehovah-shalom: unto this day it is yet in Ophrah of the Abi-ezrites. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And it came to pass the same night, that the LORD said unto him, Take thy father
s young bullock, even the second bullock of seven years old, and throw down the altar of Baal that thy father hath, and cut down the grove that is by it: <span class="ver">26M
</span>And build an altar unto the LORD thy God upon the top of this rock, in the ordered place, and take the second bullock, and offer a burnt sacrifice with the wood of the grove which thou shalt cut down. <span class="ver">27</span>Then Gideon took ten men of his servants, and did as the LORD had said unto him: and so it was, because he feared his father
s household, and the men of the city, that he could not do it by day, that he did it by night. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>And when the men of the ciM
ty arose early in the morning, behold, the altar of Baal was cast down, and the grove was cut down that was by it, and the second bullock was offered upon the altar that was built. <span class="ver">29</span>And they said one to another, Who hath done this thing? And when they enquired and asked, they said, Gideon the son of Joash hath done this thing. <span class="ver">30</span>Then the men of the city said unto Joash, Bring out thy son, that he may die: because he hath cast down the altar of Baal, and because he M
hath cut down the grove that was by it. <span class="ver">31</span>And Joash said unto all that stood against him, Will ye plead for Baal? will ye save him? he that will plead for him, let him be put to death whilst it is yet morning: if he be a god, let him plead for himself, because one hath cast down his altar. <span class="ver">32</span>Therefore on that day he called him Jerubbaal, saying, Let Baal plead against him, because he hath thrown down his altar. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>Then all the MidiaM
nites and the Amalekites and the children of the east were gathered together, and went over, and pitched in the valley of Jezreel. <span class="ver">34</span>But the Spirit of the LORD came upon Gideon, and he blew a trumpet; and Abi-ezer was gathered after him. <span class="ver">35</span>And he sent messengers throughout all Manasseh; who also was gathered after him: and he sent messengers unto Asher, and unto Zebulun, and unto Naphtali; and they came up to meet them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">36</span>And GideoM
n said unto God, If thou wilt save Israel by mine hand, as thou hast said, <span class="ver">37</span>Behold, I will put a fleece of wool in the floor; and if the dew be on the fleece only, and it be dry upon all the earth beside, then shall I know that thou wilt save Israel by mine hand, as thou hast said. <span class="ver">38</span>And it was so: for he rose up early on the morrow, and thrust the fleece together, and wringed the dew out of the fleece, a bowl full of water. <span class="ver">39</span>And Gideon saM
id unto God, Let not thine anger be hot against me, and I will speak but this once: let me prove, I pray thee, but this once with the fleece; let it now be dry only upon the fleece, and upon all the ground let there be dew. <span class="ver">40</span>And God did so that night: for it was dry upon the fleece only, and there was dew on all the ground.
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then Jerubbaal, who is Gideon, and all the people that were with him, rose up early, and pitched beside thM
e well of Harod: so that the host of the Midianites were on the north side of them, by the hill of Moreh, in the valley. <span class="ver">2</span>And the LORD said unto Gideon, The people that are with thee are too many for me to give the Midianites into their hands, lest Israel vaunt themselves against me, saying, Mine own hand hath saved me. <span class="ver">3</span>Now therefore go to, proclaim in the ears of the people, saying, Whosoever is fearful and afraid, let him return and depart early from mount GileadM
. And there returned of the people twenty and two thousand; and there remained ten thousand. <span class="ver">4</span>And the LORD said unto Gideon, The people are yet too many; bring them down unto the water, and I will try them for thee there: and it shall be, that of whom I say unto thee, This shall go with thee, the same shall go with thee; and of whomsoever I say unto thee, This shall not go with thee, the same shall not go. <span class="ver">5</span>So he brought down the people unto the water: and the LORD M
said unto Gideon, Every one that lappeth of the water with his tongue, as a dog lappeth, him shalt thou set by himself; likewise every one that boweth down upon his knees to drink. <span class="ver">6</span>And the number of them that lapped, putting their hand to their mouth, were three hundred men: but all the rest of the people bowed down upon their knees to drink water. <span class="ver">7</span>And the LORD said unto Gideon, By the three hundred men that lapped will I save you, and deliver the Midianites into M
thine hand: and let all the other people go every man unto his place. <span class="ver">8</span>So the people took victuals in their hand, and their trumpets: and he sent all the rest of Israel every man unto his tent, and retained those three hundred men: and the host of Midian was beneath him in the valley. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And it came to pass the same night, that the LORD said unto him, Arise, get thee down unto the host; for I have delivered it into thine hand. <span class="ver">10</span>But M
if thou fear to go down, go thou with Phurah thy servant down to the host: <span class="ver">11</span>And thou shalt hear what they say; and afterward shall thine hands be strengthened to go down unto the host. Then went he down with Phurah his servant unto the outside of the armed men that were in the host. <span class="ver">12</span>And the Midianites and the Amalekites and all the children of the east lay along in the valley like grasshoppers for multitude; and their camels were without number, as the sand by thM
e sea side for multitude. <span class="ver">13</span>And when Gideon was come, behold, there was a man that told a dream unto his fellow, and said, Behold, I dreamed a dream, and, lo, a cake of barley bread tumbled into the host of Midian, and came unto a tent, and smote it that it fell, and overturned it, that the tent lay along. <span class="ver">14</span>And his fellow answered and said, This is nothing else save the sword of Gideon the son of Joash, a man of Israel: for into his hand hath God delivered Midian, M
and all the host. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And it was so, when Gideon heard the telling of the dream, and the interpretation thereof, that he worshipped, and returned into the host of Israel, and said, Arise; for the LORD hath delivered into your hand the host of Midian. <span class="ver">16</span>And he divided the three hundred men into three companies, and he put a trumpet in every man
s hand, with empty pitchers, and lamps within the pitchers. <span class="ver">17</span>And he said unto them, LookM
on me, and do likewise: and, behold, when I come to the outside of the camp, it shall be that, as I do, so shall ye do. <span class="ver">18</span>When I blow with a trumpet, I and all that are with me, then blow ye the trumpets also on every side of all the camp, and say, The sword of the LORD, and of Gideon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>So Gideon, and the hundred men that were with him, came unto the outside of the camp in the beginning of the middle watch; and they had but newly set the watch: and they M
blew the trumpets, and brake the pitchers that were in their hands. <span class="ver">20</span>And the three companies blew the trumpets, and brake the pitchers, and held the lamps in their left hands, and the trumpets in their right hands to blow withal: and they cried, The sword of the LORD, and of Gideon. <span class="ver">21</span>And they stood every man in his place round about the camp: and all the host ran, and cried, and fled. <span class="ver">22</span>And the three hundred blew the trumpets, and the LORDM
s sword against his fellow, even throughout all the host: and the host fled to Beth-shittah in Zererath, and to the border of Abel-meholah, unto Tabbath. <span class="ver">23</span>And the men of Israel gathered themselves together out of Naphtali, and out of Asher, and out of all Manasseh, and pursued after the Midianites. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And Gideon sent messengers throughout all mount Ephraim, saying, Come down against the Midianites, and take before them the waters unto BethM
-barah and Jordan. Then all the men of Ephraim gathered themselves together, and took the waters unto Beth-barah and Jordan. <span class="ver">25</span>And they took two princes of the Midianites, Oreb and Zeeb; and they slew Oreb upon the rock Oreb, and Zeeb they slew at the winepress of Zeeb, and pursued Midian, and brought the heads of Oreb and Zeeb to Gideon on the other side Jordan.
<h2 id="c8">Chapter 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the men of Ephraim said unto him, Why hast thou served us thus,M
that thou calledst us not, when thou wentest to fight with the Midianites? And they did chide with him sharply. <span class="ver">2</span>And he said unto them, What have I done now in comparison of you? Is not the gleaning of the grapes of Ephraim better than the vintage of Abi-ezer? <span class="ver">3</span>God hath delivered into your hands the princes of Midian, Oreb and Zeeb: and what was I able to do in comparison of you? Then their anger was abated toward him, when he had said that. </p>
ver">4</span>And Gideon came to Jordan, and passed over, he, and the three hundred men that were with him, faint, yet pursuing them. <span class="ver">5</span>And he said unto the men of Succoth, Give, I pray you, loaves of bread unto the people that follow me; for they be faint, and I am pursuing after Zebah and Zalmunna, kings of Midian. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And the princes of Succoth said, Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in thine hand, that we should give bread unto thine army? <span classM
="ver">7</span>And Gideon said, Therefore when the LORD hath delivered Zebah and Zalmunna into mine hand, then I will tear your flesh with the thorns of the wilderness and with briers. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And he went up thence to Penuel, and spake unto them likewise: and the men of Penuel answered him as the men of Succoth had answered him. <span class="ver">9</span>And he spake also unto the men of Penuel, saying, When I come again in peace, I will break down this tower. </p>
<p><span class="ver"M
>10</span>Now Zebah and Zalmunna were in Karkor, and their hosts with them, about fifteen thousand men, all that were left of all the hosts of the children of the east: for there fell an hundred and twenty thousand men that drew sword. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And Gideon went up by the way of them that dwelt in tents on the east of Nobah and Jogbehah, and smote the host: for the host was secure. <span class="ver">12</span>And when Zebah and Zalmunna fled, he pursued after them, and took the two kings ofM
Midian, Zebah and Zalmunna, and discomfited all the host. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And Gideon the son of Joash returned from battle before the sun was up, <span class="ver">14</span>And caught a young man of the men of Succoth, and enquired of him: and he described unto him the princes of Succoth, and the elders thereof, even threescore and seventeen men. <span class="ver">15</span>And he came unto the men of Succoth, and said, Behold Zebah and Zalmunna, with whom ye did upbraid me, saying, Are the hanM
ds of Zebah and Zalmunna now in thine hand, that we should give bread unto thy men that are weary? <span class="ver">16</span>And he took the elders of the city, and thorns of the wilderness and briers, and with them he taught the men of Succoth. <span class="ver">17</span>And he beat down the tower of Penuel, and slew the men of the city. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Then said he unto Zebah and Zalmunna, What manner of men were they whom ye slew at Tabor? And they answered, As thou art, so were they; each M
one resembled the children of a king. <span class="ver">19</span>And he said, They were my brethren, even the sons of my mother: as the LORD liveth, if ye had saved them alive, I would not slay you. <span class="ver">20</span>And he said unto Jether his firstborn, Up, and slay them. But the youth drew not his sword: for he feared, because he was yet a youth. <span class="ver">21</span>Then Zebah and Zalmunna said, Rise thou, and fall upon us: for as the man is, so is his strength. And Gideon arose, and slew Zebah aM
nd Zalmunna, and took away the ornaments that were on their camels
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Then the men of Israel said unto Gideon, Rule thou over us, both thou, and thy son, and thy son
s son also: for thou hast delivered us from the hand of Midian. <span class="ver">23</span>And Gideon said unto them, I will not rule over you, neither shall my son rule over you: the LORD shall rule over you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And Gideon said unto them, I would desire a request of you, tM
hat ye would give me every man the earrings of his prey. (For they had golden earrings, because they were Ishmaelites.) <span class="ver">25</span>And they answered, We will willingly give them. And they spread a garment, and did cast therein every man the earrings of his prey. <span class="ver">26</span>And the weight of the golden earrings that he requested was a thousand and seven hundred shekels of gold; beside ornaments, and collars, and purple raiment that was on the kings of Midian, and beside the chains thaM
t were about their camels
necks. <span class="ver">27</span>And Gideon made an ephod thereof, and put it in his city, even in Ophrah: and all Israel went thither a whoring after it: which thing became a snare unto Gideon, and to his house. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>Thus was Midian subdued before the children of Israel, so that they lifted up their heads no more. And the country was in quietness forty years in the days of Gideon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>And Jerubbaal the son of Joash went M
and dwelt in his own house. <span class="ver">30</span>And Gideon had threescore and ten sons of his body begotten: for he had many wives. <span class="ver">31</span>And his concubine that was in Shechem, she also bare him a son, whose name he called Abimelech. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>And Gideon the son of Joash died in a good old age, and was buried in the sepulchre of Joash his father, in Ophrah of the Abi-ezrites. <span class="ver">33</span>And it came to pass, as soon as Gideon was dead, that the cM
hildren of Israel turned again, and went a whoring after Baalim, and made Baal-berith their god. <span class="ver">34</span>And the children of Israel remembered not the LORD their God, who had delivered them out of the hands of all their enemies on every side: <span class="ver">35</span>Neither shewed they kindness to the house of Jerubbaal, namely, Gideon, according to all the goodness which he had shewed unto Israel.
<h2 id="c9">Chapter 9</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Abimelech the son of JerubbaalM
went to Shechem unto his mother
s brethren, and communed with them, and with all the family of the house of his mother
s father, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Speak, I pray you, in the ears of all the men of Shechem, Whether is better for you, either that all the sons of Jerubbaal, which are threescore and ten persons, reign over you, or that one reign over you? remember also that I am your bone and your flesh. <span class="ver">3</span>And his mother
s brethren spake of him in the ears of all the men ofM
Shechem all these words: and their hearts inclined to follow Abimelech; for they said, He is our brother. <span class="ver">4</span>And they gave him threescore and ten pieces of silver out of the house of Baal-berith, wherewith Abimelech hired vain and light persons, which followed him. <span class="ver">5</span>And he went unto his father
s house at Ophrah, and slew his brethren the sons of Jerubbaal, being threescore and ten persons, upon one stone: notwithstanding yet Jotham the youngest son of Jerubbaal wasM
left; for he hid himself. <span class="ver">6</span>And all the men of Shechem gathered together, and all the house of Millo, and went, and made Abimelech king, by the plain of the pillar that was in Shechem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And when they told it to Jotham, he went and stood in the top of mount Gerizim, and lifted up his voice, and cried, and said unto them, Hearken unto me, ye men of Shechem, that God may hearken unto you. <span class="ver">8</span>The trees went forth on a time to anoint a kiM
ng over them; and they said unto the olive tree, Reign thou over us. <span class="ver">9</span>But the olive tree said unto them, Should I leave my fatness, wherewith by me they honour God and man, and go to be promoted over the trees? <span class="ver">10</span>And the trees said to the fig tree, Come thou, and reign over us. <span class="ver">11</span>But the fig tree said unto them, Should I forsake my sweetness, and my good fruit, and go to be promoted over the trees? <span class="ver">12</span>Then said the trM
ees unto the vine, Come thou, and reign over us. <span class="ver">13</span>And the vine said unto them, Should I leave my wine, which cheereth God and man, and go to be promoted over the trees? <span class="ver">14</span>Then said all the trees unto the bramble, Come thou, and reign over us. <span class="ver">15</span>And the bramble said unto the trees, If in truth ye anoint me king over you, then come and put your trust in my shadow: and if not, let fire come out of the bramble, and devour the cedars of Lebanon.M
<span class="ver">16</span>Now therefore, if ye have done truly and sincerely, in that ye have made Abimelech king, and if ye have dealt well with Jerubbaal and his house, and have done unto him according to the deserving of his hands; <span class="ver">17</span>(For my father fought for you, and adventured his life far, and delivered you out of the hand of Midian: <span class="ver">18</span>And ye are risen up against my father
s house this day, and have slain his sons, threescore and ten persons, upon one stonM
e, and have made Abimelech, the son of his maidservant, king over the men of Shechem, because he is your brother;) <span class="ver">19</span>If ye then have dealt truly and sincerely with Jerubbaal and with his house this day, then rejoice ye in Abimelech, and let him also rejoice in you: <span class="ver">20</span>But if not, let fire come out from Abimelech, and devour the men of Shechem, and the house of Millo; and let fire come out from the men of Shechem, and from the house of Millo, and devour Abimelech. <spM
an class="ver">21</span>And Jotham ran away, and fled, and went to Beer, and dwelt there, for fear of Abimelech his brother. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>When Abimelech had reigned three years over Israel, <span class="ver">23</span>Then God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the men of Shechem; and the men of Shechem dealt treacherously with Abimelech: <span class="ver">24</span>That the cruelty done to the threescore and ten sons of Jerubbaal might come, and their blood be laid upon Abimelech theirM
brother, which slew them; and upon the men of Shechem, which aided him in the killing of his brethren. <span class="ver">25</span>And the men of Shechem set liers in wait for him in the top of the mountains, and they robbed all that came along that way by them: and it was told Abimelech. <span class="ver">26</span>And Gaal the son of Ebed came with his brethren, and went over to Shechem: and the men of Shechem put their confidence in him. <span class="ver">27</span>And they went out into the fields, and gathered tM
heir vineyards, and trode the grapes, and made merry, and went into the house of their god, and did eat and drink, and cursed Abimelech. <span class="ver">28</span>And Gaal the son of Ebed said, Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? is not he the son of Jerubbaal? and Zebul his officer? serve the men of Hamor the father of Shechem: for why should we serve him? <span class="ver">29</span>And would to God this people were under my hand! then would I remove Abimelech. And he said to AbimelechM
, Increase thine army, and come out. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>And when Zebul the ruler of the city heard the words of Gaal the son of Ebed, his anger was kindled. <span class="ver">31</span>And he sent messengers unto Abimelech privily, saying, Behold, Gaal the son of Ebed and his brethren be come to Shechem; and, behold, they fortify the city against thee. <span class="ver">32</span>Now therefore up by night, thou and the people that is with thee, and lie in wait in the field: <span class="ver">33</spaM
n>And it shall be, that in the morning, as soon as the sun is up, thou shalt rise early, and set upon the city: and, behold, when he and the people that is with him come out against thee, then mayest thou do to them as thou shalt find occasion. </p>
<p><span class="ver">34</span>And Abimelech rose up, and all the people that were with him, by night, and they laid wait against Shechem in four companies. <span class="ver">35</span>And Gaal the son of Ebed went out, and stood in the entering of the gate of the city:M
and Abimelech rose up, and the people that were with him, from lying in wait. <span class="ver">36</span>And when Gaal saw the people, he said to Zebul, Behold, there come people down from the top of the mountains. And Zebul said unto him, Thou seest the shadow of the mountains as if they were men. <span class="ver">37</span>And Gaal spake again and said, See there come people down by the middle of the land, and another company come along by the plain of Meonenim. <span class="ver">38</span>Then said Zebul unto hiM
m, Where is now thy mouth, wherewith thou saidst, Who is Abimelech, that we should serve him? is not this the people that thou hast despised? go out, I pray now, and fight with them. <span class="ver">39</span>And Gaal went out before the men of Shechem, and fought with Abimelech. <span class="ver">40</span>And Abimelech chased him, and he fled before him, and many were overthrown and wounded, even unto the entering of the gate. <span class="ver">41</span>And Abimelech dwelt at Arumah: and Zebul thrust out Gaal andM
his brethren, that they should not dwell in Shechem. <span class="ver">42</span>And it came to pass on the morrow, that the people went out into the field; and they told Abimelech. <span class="ver">43</span>And he took the people, and divided them into three companies, and laid wait in the field, and looked, and, behold, the people were come forth out of the city; and he rose up against them, and smote them. <span class="ver">44</span>And Abimelech, and the company that was with him, rushed forward, and stood in M
the entering of the gate of the city: and the two other companies ran upon all the people that were in the fields, and slew them. <span class="ver">45</span>And Abimelech fought against the city all that day; and he took the city, and slew the people that was therein, and beat down the city, and sowed it with salt. </p>
<p><span class="ver">46</span>And when all the men of the tower of Shechem heard that, they entered into an hold of the house of the god Berith. <span class="ver">47</span>And it was told AbimelecM
h, that all the men of the tower of Shechem were gathered together. <span class="ver">48</span>And Abimelech gat him up to mount Zalmon, he and all the people that were with him; and Abimelech took an axe in his hand, and cut down a bough from the trees, and took it, and laid it on his shoulder, and said unto the people that were with him, What ye have seen me do, make haste, and do as I have done. <span class="ver">49</span>And all the people likewise cut down every man his bough, and followed Abimelech, and put tM
hem to the hold, and set the hold on fire upon them; so that all the men of the tower of Shechem died also, about a thousand men and women. </p>
<p><span class="ver">50</span>Then went Abimelech to Thebez, and encamped against Thebez, and took it. <span class="ver">51</span>But there was a strong tower within the city, and thither fled all the men and women, and all they of the city, and shut it to them, and gat them up to the top of the tower. <span class="ver">52</span>And Abimelech came unto the tower, and fouM
ght against it, and went hard unto the door of the tower to burn it with fire. <span class="ver">53</span>And a certain woman cast a piece of a millstone upon Abimelech
s head, and all to brake his skull. <span class="ver">54</span>Then he called hastily unto the young man his armourbearer, and said unto him, Draw thy sword, and slay me, that men say not of me, A woman slew him. And his young man thrust him through, and he died. <span class="ver">55</span>And when the men of Israel saw that Abimelech was dead, thM
ey departed every man unto his place. </p>
<p><span class="ver">56</span>Thus God rendered the wickedness of Abimelech, which he did unto his father, in slaying his seventy brethren: <span class="ver">57</span>And all the evil of the men of Shechem did God render upon their heads: and upon them came the curse of Jotham the son of Jerubbaal.
<h2 id="c10">Chapter 10</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And after Abimelech there arose to defend Israel Tola the son of Puah, the son of Dodo, a man of Issachar; and M
he dwelt in Shamir in mount Ephraim. <span class="ver">2</span>And he judged Israel twenty and three years, and died, and was buried in Shamir. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And after him arose Jair, a Gileadite, and judged Israel twenty and two years. <span class="ver">4</span>And he had thirty sons that rode on thirty ass colts, and they had thirty cities, which are called Havoth-jair unto this day, which are in the land of Gilead. <span class="ver">5</span>And Jair died, and was buried in Camon. </p>
<span class="ver">6</span>And the children of Israel did evil again in the sight of the LORD, and served Baalim, and Ashtaroth, and the gods of Syria, and the gods of Zidon, and the gods of Moab, and the gods of the children of Ammon, and the gods of the Philistines, and forsook the LORD, and served not him. <span class="ver">7</span>And the anger of the LORD was hot against Israel, and he sold them into the hands of the Philistines, and into the hands of the children of Ammon. <span class="ver">8</span>And that yeM
ar they vexed and oppressed the children of Israel: eighteen years, all the children of Israel that were on the other side Jordan in the land of the Amorites, which is in Gilead. <span class="ver">9</span>Moreover the children of Ammon passed over Jordan to fight also against Judah, and against Benjamin, and against the house of Ephraim; so that Israel was sore distressed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And the children of Israel cried unto the LORD, saying, We have sinned against thee, both because we have fM
orsaken our God, and also served Baalim. <span class="ver">11</span>And the LORD said unto the children of Israel, Did not I deliver you from the Egyptians, and from the Amorites, from the children of Ammon, and from the Philistines? <span class="ver">12</span>The Zidonians also, and the Amalekites, and the Maonites, did oppress you; and ye cried to me, and I delivered you out of their hand. <span class="ver">13</span>Yet ye have forsaken me, and served other gods: wherefore I will deliver you no more. <span class=M
"ver">14</span>Go and cry unto the gods which ye have chosen; let them deliver you in the time of your tribulation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And the children of Israel said unto the LORD, We have sinned: do thou unto us whatsoever seemeth good unto thee; deliver us only, we pray thee, this day. <span class="ver">16</span>And they put away the strange gods from among them, and served the LORD: and his soul was grieved for the misery of Israel. <span class="ver">17</span>Then the children of Ammon were gaM
thered together, and encamped in Gilead. And the children of Israel assembled themselves together, and encamped in Mizpeh. <span class="ver">18</span>And the people and princes of Gilead said one to another, What man is he that will begin to fight against the children of Ammon? he shall be head over all the inhabitants of Gilead.
<h2 id="c11">Chapter 11</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty man of valour, and he was the son of an harlot: and Gilead begat Jephthah. <span claM
ss="ver">2</span>And Gilead
s wife bare him sons; and his wife
s sons grew up, and they thrust out Jephthah, and said unto him, Thou shalt not inherit in our father
s house; for thou art the son of a strange woman. <span class="ver">3</span>Then Jephthah fled from his brethren, and dwelt in the land of Tob: and there were gathered vain men to Jephthah, and went out with him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And it came to pass in process of time, that the children of Ammon made war against Israel. <span clM
ass="ver">5</span>And it was so, that when the children of Ammon made war against Israel, the elders of Gilead went to fetch Jephthah out of the land of Tob: <span class="ver">6</span>And they said unto Jephthah, Come, and be our captain, that we may fight with the children of Ammon. <span class="ver">7</span>And Jephthah said unto the elders of Gilead, Did not ye hate me, and expel me out of my father
s house? and why are ye come unto me now when ye are in distress? <span class="ver">8</span>And the elders of GiM
lead said unto Jephthah, Therefore we turn again to thee now, that thou mayest go with us, and fight against the children of Ammon, and be our head over all the inhabitants of Gilead. <span class="ver">9</span>And Jephthah said unto the elders of Gilead, If ye bring me home again to fight against the children of Ammon, and the LORD deliver them before me, shall I be your head? <span class="ver">10</span>And the elders of Gilead said unto Jephthah, The LORD be witness between us, if we do not so according to thy worM
ds. <span class="ver">11</span>Then Jephthah went with the elders of Gilead, and the people made him head and captain over them: and Jephthah uttered all his words before the LORD in Mizpeh. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And Jephthah sent messengers unto the king of the children of Ammon, saying, What hast thou to do with me, that thou art come against me to fight in my land? <span class="ver">13</span>And the king of the children of Ammon answered unto the messengers of Jephthah, Because Israel took away myM
land, when they came up out of Egypt, from Arnon even unto Jabbok, and unto Jordan: now therefore restore those lands again peaceably. <span class="ver">14</span>And Jephthah sent messengers again unto the king of the children of Ammon: <span class="ver">15</span>And said unto him, Thus saith Jephthah, Israel took not away the land of Moab, nor the land of the children of Ammon: <span class="ver">16</span>But when Israel came up from Egypt, and walked through the wilderness unto the Red sea, and came to Kadesh; <sM
pan class="ver">17</span>Then Israel sent messengers unto the king of Edom, saying, Let me, I pray thee, pass through thy land: but the king of Edom would not hearken thereto. And in like manner they sent unto the king of Moab: but he would not consent: and Israel abode in Kadesh. <span class="ver">18</span>Then they went along through the wilderness, and compassed the land of Edom, and the land of Moab, and came by the east side of the land of Moab, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, but came not within the bM
order of Moab: for Arnon was the border of Moab. <span class="ver">19</span>And Israel sent messengers unto Sihon king of the Amorites, the king of Heshbon; and Israel said unto him, Let us pass, we pray thee, through thy land into my place. <span class="ver">20</span>But Sihon trusted not Israel to pass through his coast: but Sihon gathered all his people together, and pitched in Jahaz, and fought against Israel. <span class="ver">21</span>And the LORD God of Israel delivered Sihon and all his people into the handM
of Israel, and they smote them: so Israel possessed all the land of the Amorites, the inhabitants of that country. <span class="ver">22</span>And they possessed all the coasts of the Amorites, from Arnon even unto Jabbok, and from the wilderness even unto Jordan. <span class="ver">23</span>So now the LORD God of Israel hath dispossessed the Amorites from before his people Israel, and shouldest thou possess it? <span class="ver">24</span>Wilt not thou possess that which Chemosh thy god giveth thee to possess? So whM
omsoever the LORD our God shall drive out from before us, them will we possess. <span class="ver">25</span>And now art thou any thing better than Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab? did he ever strive against Israel, or did he ever fight against them, <span class="ver">26</span>While Israel dwelt in Heshbon and her towns, and in Aroer and her towns, and in all the cities that be along by the coasts of Arnon, three hundred years? why therefore did ye not recover them within that time? <span class="ver">27</span>WM
herefore I have not sinned against thee, but thou doest me wrong to war against me: the LORD the Judge be judge this day between the children of Israel and the children of Ammon. <span class="ver">28</span>Howbeit the king of the children of Ammon hearkened not unto the words of Jephthah which he sent him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>Then the Spirit of the LORD came upon Jephthah, and he passed over Gilead, and Manasseh, and passed over Mizpeh of Gilead, and from Mizpeh of Gilead he passed over unto the chM
ildren of Ammon. <span class="ver">30</span>And Jephthah vowed a vow unto the LORD, and said, If thou shalt without fail deliver the children of Ammon into mine hands, <span class="ver">31</span>Then it shall be, that whatsoever cometh forth of the doors of my house to meet me, when I return in peace from the children of Ammon, shall surely be the LORD
s, and I will offer it up for a burnt offering. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>So Jephthah passed over unto the children of Ammon to fight against them; and M
the LORD delivered them into his hands. <span class="ver">33</span>And he smote them from Aroer, even till thou come to Minnith, even twenty cities, and unto the plain of the vineyards, with a very great slaughter. Thus the children of Ammon were subdued before the children of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">34</span>And Jephthah came to Mizpeh unto his house, and, behold, his daughter came out to meet him with timbrels and with dances: and she was his only child; beside her he had neither son nor daughter. <spM
an class="ver">35</span>And it came to pass, when he saw her, that he rent his clothes, and said, Alas, my daughter! thou hast brought me very low, and thou art one of them that trouble me: for I have opened my mouth unto the LORD, and I cannot go back. <span class="ver">36</span>And she said unto him, My father, if thou hast opened thy mouth unto the LORD, do to me according to that which hath proceeded out of thy mouth; forasmuch as the LORD hath taken vengeance for thee of thine enemies, even of the children of M
Ammon. <span class="ver">37</span>And she said unto her father, Let this thing be done for me: let me alone two months, that I may go up and down upon the mountains, and bewail my virginity, I and my fellows. <span class="ver">38</span>And he said, Go. And he sent her away for two months: and she went with her companions, and bewailed her virginity upon the mountains. <span class="ver">39</span>And it came to pass at the end of two months, that she returned unto her father, who did with her according to his vow whiM
ch he had vowed: and she knew no man. And it was a custom in Israel, <span class="ver">40</span>That the daughters of Israel went yearly to lament the daughter of Jephthah the Gileadite four days in a year.
<h2 id="c12">Chapter 12</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the men of Ephraim gathered themselves together, and went northward, and said unto Jephthah, Wherefore passedst thou over to fight against the children of Ammon, and didst not call us to go with thee? we will burn thine house upon thee with fireM
. <span class="ver">2</span>And Jephthah said unto them, I and my people were at great strife with the children of Ammon; and when I called you, ye delivered me not out of their hands. <span class="ver">3</span>And when I saw that ye delivered me not, I put my life in my hands, and passed over against the children of Ammon, and the LORD delivered them into my hand: wherefore then are ye come up unto me this day, to fight against me? <span class="ver">4</span>Then Jephthah gathered together all the men of Gilead, anM
d fought with Ephraim: and the men of Gilead smote Ephraim, because they said, Ye Gileadites are fugitives of Ephraim among the Ephraimites, and among the Manassites. <span class="ver">5</span>And the Gileadites took the passages of Jordan before the Ephraimites: and it was so, that when those Ephraimites which were escaped said, Let me go over; that the men of Gilead said unto him, Art thou an Ephraimite? If he said, Nay; <span class="ver">6</span>Then said they unto him, Say now Shibboleth: and he said Sibboleth:M
for he could not frame to pronounce it right. Then they took him, and slew him at the passages of Jordan: and there fell at that time of the Ephraimites forty and two thousand. <span class="ver">7</span>And Jephthah judged Israel six years. Then died Jephthah the Gileadite, and was buried in one of the cities of Gilead. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And after him Ibzan of Beth-lehem judged Israel. <span class="ver">9</span>And he had thirty sons, and thirty daughters, whom he sent abroad, and took in thirty M
daughters from abroad for his sons. And he judged Israel seven years. <span class="ver">10</span>Then died Ibzan, and was buried at Beth-lehem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And after him Elon, a Zebulonite, judged Israel; and he judged Israel ten years. <span class="ver">12</span>And Elon the Zebulonite died, and was buried in Aijalon in the country of Zebulun. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And after him Abdon the son of Hillel, a Pirathonite, judged Israel. <span class="ver">14</span>And he had fortM
y sons and thirty nephews, that rode on threescore and ten ass colts: and he judged Israel eight years. <span class="ver">15</span>And Abdon the son of Hillel the Pirathonite died, and was buried in Pirathon in the land of Ephraim, in the mount of the Amalekites.
<h2 id="c13">Chapter 13</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the children of Israel did evil again in the sight of the LORD; and the LORD delivered them into the hand of the Philistines forty years. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>And there was M
a certain man of Zorah, of the family of the Danites, whose name was Manoah; and his wife was barren, and bare not. <span class="ver">3</span>And the angel of the LORD appeared unto the woman, and said unto her, Behold now, thou art barren, and bearest not: but thou shalt conceive, and bear a son. <span class="ver">4</span>Now therefore beware, I pray thee, and drink not wine nor strong drink, and eat not any unclean thing: <span class="ver">5</span>For, lo, thou shalt conceive, and bear a son; and no razor shall cM
ome on his head: for the child shall be a Nazarite unto God from the womb: and he shall begin to deliver Israel out of the hand of the Philistines. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Then the woman came and told her husband, saying, A man of God came unto me, and his countenance was like the countenance of an angel of God, very terrible: but I asked him not whence he was, neither told he me his name: <span class="ver">7</span>But he said unto me, Behold, thou shalt conceive, and bear a son; and now drink no wine nM
or strong drink, neither eat any unclean thing: for the child shall be a Nazarite to God from the womb to the day of his death. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Then Manoah intreated the LORD, and said, O my Lord, let the man of God which thou didst send come again unto us, and teach us what we shall do unto the child that shall be born. <span class="ver">9</span>And God hearkened to the voice of Manoah; and the angel of God came again unto the woman as she sat in the field: but Manoah her husband was not with hM
er. <span class="ver">10</span>And the woman made haste, and ran, and shewed her husband, and said unto him, Behold, the man hath appeared unto me, that came unto me the other day. <span class="ver">11</span>And Manoah arose, and went after his wife, and came to the man, and said unto him, Art thou the man that spakest unto the woman? And he said, I am. <span class="ver">12</span>And Manoah said, Now let thy words come to pass. How shall we order the child, and how shall we do unto him? <span class="ver">13</span>AM
nd the angel of the LORD said unto Manoah, Of all that I said unto the woman let her beware. <span class="ver">14</span>She may not eat of any thing that cometh of the vine, neither let her drink wine or strong drink, nor eat any unclean thing: all that I commanded her let her observe. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And Manoah said unto the angel of the LORD, I pray thee, let us detain thee, until we shall have made ready a kid for thee. <span class="ver">16</span>And the angel of the LORD said unto Manoah, TM
hough thou detain me, I will not eat of thy bread: and if thou wilt offer a burnt offering, thou must offer it unto the LORD. For Manoah knew not that he was an angel of the LORD. <span class="ver">17</span>And Manoah said unto the angel of the LORD, What is thy name, that when thy sayings come to pass we may do thee honour? <span class="ver">18</span>And the angel of the LORD said unto him, Why askest thou thus after my name, seeing it is secret? <span class="ver">19</span>So Manoah took a kid with a meat offeringM
, and offered it upon a rock unto the LORD: and the angel did wondrously; and Manoah and his wife looked on. <span class="ver">20</span>For it came to pass, when the flame went up toward heaven from off the altar, that the angel of the LORD ascended in the flame of the altar. And Manoah and his wife looked on it, and fell on their faces to the ground. <span class="ver">21</span>But the angel of the LORD did no more appear to Manoah and to his wife. Then Manoah knew that he was an angel of the LORD. <span class="verM
">22</span>And Manoah said unto his wife, We shall surely die, because we have seen God. <span class="ver">23</span>But his wife said unto him, If the LORD were pleased to kill us, he would not have received a burnt offering and a meat offering at our hands, neither would he have shewed us all these things, nor would as at this time have told us such things as these. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And the woman bare a son, and called his name Samson: and the child grew, and the LORD blessed him. <span class="M
ver">25</span>And the Spirit of the LORD began to move him at times in the camp of Dan between Zorah and Eshtaol.
<h2 id="c14">Chapter 14</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Samson went down to Timnath, and saw a woman in Timnath of the daughters of the Philistines. <span class="ver">2</span>And he came up, and told his father and his mother, and said, I have seen a woman in Timnath of the daughters of the Philistines: now therefore get her for me to wife. <span class="ver">3</span>Then his father and his mM
other said unto him, Is there never a woman among the daughters of thy brethren, or among all my people, that thou goest to take a wife of the uncircumcised Philistines? And Samson said unto his father, Get her for me; for she pleaseth me well. <span class="ver">4</span>But his father and his mother knew not that it was of the LORD, that he sought an occasion against the Philistines: for at that time the Philistines had dominion over Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Then went Samson down, and his father M
and his mother, to Timnath, and came to the vineyards of Timnath: and, behold, a young lion roared against him. <span class="ver">6</span>And the Spirit of the LORD came mightily upon him, and he rent him as he would have rent a kid, and he had nothing in his hand: but he told not his father or his mother what he had done. <span class="ver">7</span>And he went down, and talked with the woman; and she pleased Samson well. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And after a time he returned to take her, and he turned asiM
de to see the carcase of the lion: and, behold, there was a swarm of bees and honey in the carcase of the lion. <span class="ver">9</span>And he took thereof in his hands, and went on eating, and came to his father and mother, and he gave them, and they did eat: but he told not them that he had taken the honey out of the carcase of the lion. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>So his father went down unto the woman: and Samson made there a feast; for so used the young men to do. <span class="ver">11</span>And it cM
ame to pass, when they saw him, that they brought thirty companions to be with him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And Samson said unto them, I will now put forth a riddle unto you: if ye can certainly declare it me within the seven days of the feast, and find it out, then I will give you thirty sheets and thirty change of garments: <span class="ver">13</span>But if ye cannot declare it me, then shall ye give me thirty sheets and thirty change of garments. And they said unto him, Put forth thy riddle, that weM
may hear it. <span class="ver">14</span>And he said unto them, Out of the eater came forth meat, and out of the strong came forth sweetness. And they could not in three days expound the riddle. <span class="ver">15</span>And it came to pass on the seventh day, that they said unto Samson
s wife, Entice thy husband, that he may declare unto us the riddle, lest we burn thee and thy father
s house with fire: have ye called us to take that we have? is it not so? <span class="ver">16</span>And Samson
efore him, and said, Thou dost but hate me, and lovest me not: thou hast put forth a riddle unto the children of my people, and hast not told it me. And he said unto her, Behold, I have not told it my father nor my mother, and shall I tell it thee? <span class="ver">17</span>And she wept before him the seven days, while their feast lasted: and it came to pass on the seventh day, that he told her, because she lay sore upon him: and she told the riddle to the children of her people. <span class="ver">18</span>And theM
men of the city said unto him on the seventh day before the sun went down, What is sweeter than honey? and what is stronger than a lion? And he said unto them, If ye had not plowed with my heifer, ye had not found out my riddle. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And the Spirit of the LORD came upon him, and he went down to Ashkelon, and slew thirty men of them, and took their spoil, and gave change of garments unto them which expounded the riddle. And his anger was kindled, and he went up to his father
e. <span class="ver">20</span>But Samson
s wife was given to his companion, whom he had used as his friend.
<h2 id="c15">Chapter 15</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>But it came to pass within a while after, in the time of wheat harvest, that Samson visited his wife with a kid; and he said, I will go in to my wife into the chamber. But her father would not suffer him to go in. <span class="ver">2</span>And her father said, I verily thought that thou hadst utterly hated her; therefore I gave her to thy compaM
nion: is not her younger sister fairer than she? take her, I pray thee, instead of her. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And Samson said concerning them, Now shall I be more blameless than the Philistines, though I do them a displeasure. <span class="ver">4</span>And Samson went and caught three hundred foxes, and took firebrands, and turned tail to tail, and put a firebrand in the midst between two tails. <span class="ver">5</span>And when he had set the brands on fire, he let them go into the standing corn of M
the Philistines, and burnt up both the shocks, and also the standing corn, with the vineyards and olives. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Then the Philistines said, Who hath done this? And they answered, Samson, the son in law of the Timnite, because he had taken his wife, and given her to his companion. And the Philistines came up, and burnt her and her father with fire. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And Samson said unto them, Though ye have done this, yet will I be avenged of you, and after that I will M
cease. <span class="ver">8</span>And he smote them hip and thigh with a great slaughter: and he went down and dwelt in the top of the rock Etam. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Then the Philistines went up, and pitched in Judah, and spread themselves in Lehi. <span class="ver">10</span>And the men of Judah said, Why are ye come up against us? And they answered, To bind Samson are we come up, to do to him as he hath done to us. <span class="ver">11</span>Then three thousand men of Judah went to the top of the roM
ck Etam, and said to Samson, Knowest thou not that the Philistines are rulers over us? what is this that thou hast done unto us? And he said unto them, As they did unto me, so have I done unto them. <span class="ver">12</span>And they said unto him, We are come down to bind thee, that we may deliver thee into the hand of the Philistines. And Samson said unto them, Swear unto me, that ye will not fall upon me yourselves. <span class="ver">13</span>And they spake unto him, saying, No; but we will bind thee fast, and M
deliver thee into their hand: but surely we will not kill thee. And they bound him with two new cords, and brought him up from the rock. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And when he came unto Lehi, the Philistines shouted against him: and the Spirit of the LORD came mightily upon him, and the cords that were upon his arms became as flax that was burnt with fire, and his bands loosed from off his hands. <span class="ver">15</span>And he found a new jawbone of an ass, and put forth his hand, and took it, and slewM
a thousand men therewith. <span class="ver">16</span>And Samson said, With the jawbone of an ass, heaps upon heaps, with the jaw of an ass have I slain a thousand men. <span class="ver">17</span>And it came to pass, when he had made an end of speaking, that he cast away the jawbone out of his hand, and called that place Ramath-lehi. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And he was sore athirst, and called on the LORD, and said, Thou hast given this great deliverance into the hand of thy servant: and now shall I dieM
for thirst, and fall into the hand of the uncircumcised? <span class="ver">19</span>But God clave an hollow place that was in the jaw, and there came water thereout; and when he had drunk, his spirit came again, and he revived: wherefore he called the name thereof En-hakkore, which is in Lehi unto this day. <span class="ver">20</span>And he judged Israel in the days of the Philistines twenty years.
<h2 id="c16">Chapter 16</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then went Samson to Gaza, and saw there an harlot, anM
d went in unto her. <span class="ver">2</span>And it was told the Gazites, saying, Samson is come hither. And they compassed him in, and laid wait for him all night in the gate of the city, and were quiet all the night, saying, In the morning, when it is day, we shall kill him. <span class="ver">3</span>And Samson lay till midnight, and arose at midnight, and took the doors of the gate of the city, and the two posts, and went away with them, bar and all, and put them upon his shoulders, and carried them up to the tM
op of an hill that is before Hebron. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And it came to pass afterward, that he loved a woman in the valley of Sorek, whose name was Delilah. <span class="ver">5</span>And the lords of the Philistines came up unto her, and said unto her, Entice him, and see wherein his great strength lieth, and by what means we may prevail against him, that we may bind him to afflict him: and we will give thee every one of us eleven hundred pieces of silver. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And DeM
lilah said to Samson, Tell me, I pray thee, wherein thy great strength lieth, and wherewith thou mightest be bound to afflict thee. <span class="ver">7</span>And Samson said unto her, If they bind me with seven green withs that were never dried, then shall I be weak, and be as another man. <span class="ver">8</span>Then the lords of the Philistines brought up to her seven green withs which had not been dried, and she bound him with them. <span class="ver">9</span>Now there were men lying in wait, abiding with her iM
n the chamber. And she said unto him, The Philistines be upon thee, Samson. And he brake the withs, as a thread of tow is broken when it toucheth the fire. So his strength was not known. <span class="ver">10</span>And Delilah said unto Samson, Behold, thou hast mocked me, and told me lies: now tell me, I pray thee, wherewith thou mightest be bound. <span class="ver">11</span>And he said unto her, If they bind me fast with new ropes that never were occupied, then shall I be weak, and be as another man. <span class="M
ver">12</span>Delilah therefore took new ropes, and bound him therewith, and said unto him, The Philistines be upon thee, Samson. And there were liers in wait abiding in the chamber. And he brake them from off his arms like a thread. <span class="ver">13</span>And Delilah said unto Samson, Hitherto thou hast mocked me, and told me lies: tell me wherewith thou mightest be bound. And he said unto her, If thou weavest the seven locks of my head with the web. <span class="ver">14</span>And she fastened it with the pin,M
and said unto him, The Philistines be upon thee, Samson. And he awaked out of his sleep, and went away with the pin of the beam, and with the web. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And she said unto him, How canst thou say, I love thee, when thine heart is not with me? thou hast mocked me these three times, and hast not told me wherein thy great strength lieth. <span class="ver">16</span>And it came to pass, when she pressed him daily with her words, and urged him, so that his soul was vexed unto death; <span cM
lass="ver">17</span>That he told her all his heart, and said unto her, There hath not come a razor upon mine head; for I have been a Nazarite unto God from my mother
s womb: if I be shaven, then my strength will go from me, and I shall become weak, and be like any other man. <span class="ver">18</span>And when Delilah saw that he had told her all his heart, she sent and called for the lords of the Philistines, saying, Come up this once, for he hath shewed me all his heart. Then the lords of the Philistines came uM
p unto her, and brought money in their hand. <span class="ver">19</span>And she made him sleep upon her knees; and she called for a man, and she caused him to shave off the seven locks of his head; and she began to afflict him, and his strength went from him. <span class="ver">20</span>And she said, The Philistines be upon thee, Samson. And he awoke out of his sleep, and said, I will go out as at other times before, and shake myself. And he wist not that the LORD was departed from him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2M
1</span>But the Philistines took him, and put out his eyes, and brought him down to Gaza, and bound him with fetters of brass; and he did grind in the prison house. <span class="ver">22</span>Howbeit the hair of his head began to grow again after he was shaven. <span class="ver">23</span>Then the lords of the Philistines gathered them together for to offer a great sacrifice unto Dagon their god, and to rejoice: for they said, Our god hath delivered Samson our enemy into our hand. <span class="ver">24</span>And whenM
the people saw him, they praised their god: for they said, Our god hath delivered into our hands our enemy, and the destroyer of our country, which slew many of us. <span class="ver">25</span>And it came to pass, when their hearts were merry, that they said, Call for Samson, that he may make us sport. And they called for Samson out of the prison house; and he made them sport: and they set him between the pillars. <span class="ver">26</span>And Samson said unto the lad that held him by the hand, Suffer me that I maM
y feel the pillars whereupon the house standeth, that I may lean upon them. <span class="ver">27</span>Now the house was full of men and women; and all the lords of the Philistines were there; and there were upon the roof about three thousand men and women, that beheld while Samson made sport. <span class="ver">28</span>And Samson called unto the LORD, and said, O Lord GOD, remember me, I pray thee, and strengthen me, I pray thee, only this once, O God, that I may be at once avenged of the Philistines for my two eyM
es. <span class="ver">29</span>And Samson took hold of the two middle pillars upon which the house stood, and on which it was borne up, of the one with his right hand, and of the other with his left. <span class="ver">30</span>And Samson said, Let me die with the Philistines. And he bowed himself with all his might; and the house fell upon the lords, and upon all the people that were therein. So the dead which he slew at his death were more than they which he slew in his life. <span class="ver">31</span>Then his brM
ethren and all the house of his father came down, and took him, and brought him up, and buried him between Zorah and Eshtaol in the buryingplace of Manoah his father. And he judged Israel twenty years.
<h2 id="c17">Chapter 17</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And there was a man of mount Ephraim, whose name was Micah. <span class="ver">2</span>And he said unto his mother, The eleven hundred shekels of silver that were taken from thee, about which thou cursedst, and spakest of also in mine ears, behold, the siM
lver is with me; I took it. And his mother said, Blessed be thou of the LORD, my son. <span class="ver">3</span>And when he had restored the eleven hundred shekels of silver to his mother, his mother said, I had wholly dedicated the silver unto the LORD from my hand for my son, to make a graven image and a molten image: now therefore I will restore it unto thee. <span class="ver">4</span>Yet he restored the money unto his mother; and his mother took two hundred shekels of silver, and gave them to the founder, who mM
ade thereof a graven image and a molten image: and they were in the house of Micah. <span class="ver">5</span>And the man Micah had an house of gods, and made an ephod, and teraphim, and consecrated one of his sons, who became his priest. <span class="ver">6</span>In those days there was no king in Israel, but every man did that which was right in his own eyes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And there was a young man out of Beth-lehem-judah of the family of Judah, who was a Levite, and he sojourned there. <spaM
n class="ver">8</span>And the man departed out of the city from Beth-lehem-judah to sojourn where he could find a place: and he came to mount Ephraim to the house of Micah, as he journeyed. <span class="ver">9</span>And Micah said unto him, Whence comest thou? And he said unto him, I am a Levite of Beth-lehem-judah, and I go to sojourn where I may find a place. <span class="ver">10</span>And Micah said unto him, Dwell with me, and be unto me a father and a priest, and I will give thee ten shekels of silver by the yM
ear, and a suit of apparel, and thy victuals. So the Levite went in. <span class="ver">11</span>And the Levite was content to dwell with the man; and the young man was unto him as one of his sons. <span class="ver">12</span>And Micah consecrated the Levite; and the young man became his priest, and was in the house of Micah. <span class="ver">13</span>Then said Micah, Now know I that the LORD will do me good, seeing I have a Levite to my priest.
<h2 id="c18">Chapter 18</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In thosM
e days there was no king in Israel: and in those days the tribe of the Danites sought them an inheritance to dwell in; for unto that day all their inheritance had not fallen unto them among the tribes of Israel. <span class="ver">2</span>And the children of Dan sent of their family five men from their coasts, men of valour, from Zorah, and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land, and to search it; and they said unto them, Go, search the land: who when they came to mount Ephraim, to the house of Micah, they lodged there. M
<span class="ver">3</span>When they were by the house of Micah, they knew the voice of the young man the Levite: and they turned in thither, and said unto him, Who brought thee hither? and what makest thou in this place? and what hast thou here? <span class="ver">4</span>And he said unto them, Thus and thus dealeth Micah with me, and hath hired me, and I am his priest. <span class="ver">5</span>And they said unto him, Ask counsel, we pray thee, of God, that we may know whether our way which we go shall be prosperouM
s. <span class="ver">6</span>And the priest said unto them, Go in peace: before the LORD is your way wherein ye go. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Then the five men departed, and came to Laish, and saw the people that were therein, how they dwelt careless, after the manner of the Zidonians, quiet and secure; and there was no magistrate in the land, that might put them to shame in any thing; and they were far from the Zidonians, and had no business with any man. <span class="ver">8</span>And they came unto theiM
r brethren to Zorah and Eshtaol: and their brethren said unto them, What say ye? <span class="ver">9</span>And they said, Arise, that we may go up against them: for we have seen the land, and, behold, it is very good: and are ye still? be not slothful to go, and to enter to possess the land. <span class="ver">10</span>When ye go, ye shall come unto a people secure, and to a large land: for God hath given it into your hands; a place where there is no want of any thing that is in the earth. </p>
<p><span class="verM
">11</span>And there went from thence of the family of the Danites, out of Zorah and out of Eshtaol, six hundred men appointed with weapons of war. <span class="ver">12</span>And they went up, and pitched in Kirjath-jearim, in Judah: wherefore they called that place Mahaneh-dan unto this day: behold, it is behind Kirjath-jearim. <span class="ver">13</span>And they passed thence unto mount Ephraim, and came unto the house of Micah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Then answered the five men that went to spy out M
the country of Laish, and said unto their brethren, Do ye know that there is in these houses an ephod, and teraphim, and a graven image, and a molten image? now therefore consider what ye have to do. <span class="ver">15</span>And they turned thitherward, and came to the house of the young man the Levite, even unto the house of Micah, and saluted him. <span class="ver">16</span>And the six hundred men appointed with their weapons of war, which were of the children of Dan, stood by the entering of the gate. <span clM
ass="ver">17</span>And the five men that went to spy out the land went up, and came in thither, and took the graven image, and the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image: and the priest stood in the entering of the gate with the six hundred men that were appointed with weapons of war. <span class="ver">18</span>And these went into Micah
s house, and fetched the carved image, the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image. Then said the priest unto them, What do ye? <span class="ver">19</span>And they saM
id unto him, Hold thy peace, lay thine hand upon thy mouth, and go with us, and be to us a father and a priest: is it better for thee to be a priest unto the house of one man, or that thou be a priest unto a tribe and a family in Israel? <span class="ver">20</span>And the priest
s heart was glad, and he took the ephod, and the teraphim, and the graven image, and went in the midst of the people. <span class="ver">21</span>So they turned and departed, and put the little ones and the cattle and the carriage before tM
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And when they were a good way from the house of Micah, the men that were in the houses near to Micah
s house were gathered together, and overtook the children of Dan. <span class="ver">23</span>And they cried unto the children of Dan. And they turned their faces, and said unto Micah, What aileth thee, that thou comest with such a company? <span class="ver">24</span>And he said, Ye have taken away my gods which I made, and the priest, and ye are gone away: and what have I M
more? and what is this that ye say unto me, What aileth thee? <span class="ver">25</span>And the children of Dan said unto him, Let not thy voice be heard among us, lest angry fellows run upon thee, and thou lose thy life, with the lives of thy household. <span class="ver">26</span>And the children of Dan went their way: and when Micah saw that they were too strong for him, he turned and went back unto his house. <span class="ver">27</span>And they took the things which Micah had made, and the priest which he had, M
and came unto Laish, unto a people that were at quiet and secure: and they smote them with the edge of the sword, and burnt the city with fire. <span class="ver">28</span>And there was no deliverer, because it was far from Zidon, and they had no business with any man; and it was in the valley that lieth by Beth-rehob. And they built a city, and dwelt therein. <span class="ver">29</span>And they called the name of the city Dan, after the name of Dan their father, who was born unto Israel: howbeit the name of the citM
y was Laish at the first. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>And the children of Dan set up the graven image: and Jonathan, the son of Gershom, the son of Manasseh, he and his sons were priests to the tribe of Dan until the day of the captivity of the land. <span class="ver">31</span>And they set them up Micah
s graven image, which he made, all the time that the house of God was in Shiloh.
<h2 id="c19">Chapter 19</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass in those days, when there was no king iM
n Israel, that there was a certain Levite sojourning on the side of mount Ephraim, who took to him a concubine out of Beth-lehem-judah. <span class="ver">2</span>And his concubine played the whore against him, and went away from him unto her father
s house to Beth-lehem-judah, and was there four whole months. <span class="ver">3</span>And her husband arose, and went after her, to speak friendly unto her, and to bring her again, having his servant with him, and a couple of asses: and she brought him into her fatheM
s house: and when the father of the damsel saw him, he rejoiced to meet him. <span class="ver">4</span>And his father in law, the damsel
s father, retained him; and he abode with him three days: so they did eat and drink, and lodged there. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And it came to pass on the fourth day, when they arose early in the morning, that he rose up to depart: and the damsel
s father said unto his son in law, Comfort thine heart with a morsel of bread, and afterward go your way. <span classM
="ver">6</span>And they sat down, and did eat and drink both of them together: for the damsel
s father had said unto the man, Be content, I pray thee, and tarry all night, and let thine heart be merry. <span class="ver">7</span>And when the man rose up to depart, his father in law urged him: therefore he lodged there again. <span class="ver">8</span>And he arose early in the morning on the fifth day to depart: and the damsel
s father said, Comfort thine heart, I pray thee. And they tarried until afternoon, and M
they did eat both of them. <span class="ver">9</span>And when the man rose up to depart, he, and his concubine, and his servant, his father in law, the damsel
s father, said unto him, Behold, now the day draweth toward evening, I pray you tarry all night: behold, the day groweth to an end, lodge here, that thine heart may be merry; and to morrow get you early on your way, that thou mayest go home. <span class="ver">10</span>But the man would not tarry that night, but he rose up and departed, and came over againstM
Jebus, which is Jerusalem; and there were with him two asses saddled, his concubine also was with him. <span class="ver">11</span>And when they were by Jebus, the day was far spent; and the servant said unto his master, Come, I pray thee, and let us turn in into this city of the Jebusites, and lodge in it. <span class="ver">12</span>And his master said unto him, We will not turn aside hither into the city of a stranger, that is not of the children of Israel; we will pass over to Gibeah. <span class="ver">13</span>M
And he said unto his servant, Come, and let us draw near to one of these places to lodge all night, in Gibeah, or in Ramah. <span class="ver">14</span>And they passed on and went their way; and the sun went down upon them when they were by Gibeah, which belongeth to Benjamin. <span class="ver">15</span>And they turned aside thither, to go in and to lodge in Gibeah: and when he went in, he sat him down in a street of the city: for there was no man that took them into his house to lodging. </p>
<p><span class="ver"M
>16</span>And, behold, there came an old man from his work out of the field at even, which was also of mount Ephraim; and he sojourned in Gibeah: but the men of the place were Benjamites. <span class="ver">17</span>And when he had lifted up his eyes, he saw a wayfaring man in the street of the city: and the old man said, Whither goest thou? and whence comest thou? <span class="ver">18</span>And he said unto him, We are passing from Beth-lehem-judah toward the side of mount Ephraim; from thence am I: and I went to BM
eth-lehem-judah, but I am now going to the house of the LORD; and there is no man that receiveth me to house. <span class="ver">19</span>Yet there is both straw and provender for our asses; and there is bread and wine also for me, and for thy handmaid, and for the young man which is with thy servants: there is no want of any thing. <span class="ver">20</span>And the old man said, Peace be with thee; howsoever let all thy wants lie upon me; only lodge not in the street. <span class="ver">21</span>So he brought him iM
nto his house, and gave provender unto the asses: and they washed their feet, and did eat and drink. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Now as they were making their hearts merry, behold, the men of the city, certain sons of Belial, beset the house round about, and beat at the door, and spake to the master of the house, the old man, saying, Bring forth the man that came into thine house, that we may know him. <span class="ver">23</span>And the man, the master of the house, went out unto them, and said unto them, M
Nay, my brethren, nay, I pray you, do not so wickedly; seeing that this man is come into mine house, do not this folly. <span class="ver">24</span>Behold, here is my daughter a maiden, and his concubine; them I will bring out now, and humble ye them, and do with them what seemeth good unto you: but unto this man do not so vile a thing. <span class="ver">25</span>But the men would not hearken to him: so the man took his concubine, and brought her forth unto them; and they knew her, and abused her all the night untilM
the morning: and when the day began to spring, they let her go. <span class="ver">26</span>Then came the woman in the dawning of the day, and fell down at the door of the man
s house where her lord was, till it was light. <span class="ver">27</span>And her lord rose up in the morning, and opened the doors of the house, and went out to go his way: and, behold, the woman his concubine was fallen down at the door of the house, and her hands were upon the threshold. <span class="ver">28</span>And he said unto her, UM
p, and let us be going. But none answered. Then the man took her up upon an ass, and the man rose up, and gat him unto his place. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>And when he was come into his house, he took a knife, and laid hold on his concubine, and divided her, together with her bones, into twelve pieces, and sent her into all the coasts of Israel. <span class="ver">30</span>And it was so, that all that saw it said, There was no such deed done nor seen from the day that the children of Israel came up out ofM
the land of Egypt unto this day: consider of it, take advice, and speak your minds.
<h2 id="c20">Chapter 20</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then all the children of Israel went out, and the congregation was gathered together as one man, from Dan even to Beer-sheba, with the land of Gilead, unto the LORD in Mizpeh. <span class="ver">2</span>And the chief of all the people, even of all the tribes of Israel, presented themselves in the assembly of the people of God, four hundred thousand footmen that drew swoM
rd. <span class="ver">3</span>(Now the children of Benjamin heard that the children of Israel were gone up to Mizpeh.) Then said the children of Israel, Tell us, how was this wickedness? <span class="ver">4</span>And the Levite, the husband of the woman that was slain, answered and said, I came into Gibeah that belongeth to Benjamin, I and my concubine, to lodge. <span class="ver">5</span>And the men of Gibeah rose against me, and beset the house round about upon me by night, and thought to have slain me: and my coM
ncubine have they forced, that she is dead. <span class="ver">6</span>And I took my concubine, and cut her in pieces, and sent her throughout all the country of the inheritance of Israel: for they have committed lewdness and folly in Israel. <span class="ver">7</span>Behold, ye are all children of Israel; give here your advice and counsel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And all the people arose as one man, saying, We will not any of us go to his tent, neither will we any of us turn into his house. <span class=M
"ver">9</span>But now this shall be the thing which we will do to Gibeah; we will go up by lot against it; <span class="ver">10</span>And we will take ten men of an hundred throughout all the tribes of Israel, and an hundred of a thousand, and a thousand out of ten thousand, to fetch victual for the people, that they may do, when they come to Gibeah of Benjamin, according to all the folly that they have wrought in Israel. <span class="ver">11</span>So all the men of Israel were gathered against the city, knit togetM
her as one man. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And the tribes of Israel sent men through all the tribe of Benjamin, saying, What wickedness is this that is done among you? <span class="ver">13</span>Now therefore deliver us the men, the children of Belial, which are in Gibeah, that we may put them to death, and put away evil from Israel. But the children of Benjamin would not hearken to the voice of their brethren the children of Israel: <span class="ver">14</span>But the children of Benjamin gathered themselM
ves together out of the cities unto Gibeah, to go out to battle against the children of Israel. <span class="ver">15</span>And the children of Benjamin were numbered at that time out of the cities twenty and six thousand men that drew sword, beside the inhabitants of Gibeah, which were numbered seven hundred chosen men. <span class="ver">16</span>Among all this people there were seven hundred chosen men lefthanded; every one could sling stones at an hair breadth, and not miss. <span class="ver">17</span>And the menM
of Israel, beside Benjamin, were numbered four hundred thousand men that drew sword: all these were men of war. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And the children of Israel arose, and went up to the house of God, and asked counsel of God, and said, Which of us shall go up first to the battle against the children of Benjamin? And the LORD said, Judah shall go up first. <span class="ver">19</span>And the children of Israel rose up in the morning, and encamped against Gibeah. <span class="ver">20</span>And the menM
of Israel went out to battle against Benjamin; and the men of Israel put themselves in array to fight against them at Gibeah. <span class="ver">21</span>And the children of Benjamin came forth out of Gibeah, and destroyed down to the ground of the Israelites that day twenty and two thousand men. <span class="ver">22</span>And the people the men of Israel encouraged themselves, and set their battle again in array in the place where they put themselves in array the first day. <span class="ver">23</span>(And the chilM
dren of Israel went up and wept before the LORD until even, and asked counsel of the LORD, saying, Shall I go up again to battle against the children of Benjamin my brother? And the LORD said, Go up against him.) <span class="ver">24</span>And the children of Israel came near against the children of Benjamin the second day. <span class="ver">25</span>And Benjamin went forth against them out of Gibeah the second day, and destroyed down to the ground of the children of Israel again eighteen thousand men; all these drM
<p><span class="ver">26</span>Then all the children of Israel, and all the people, went up, and came unto the house of God, and wept, and sat there before the LORD, and fasted that day until even, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings before the LORD. <span class="ver">27</span>And the children of Israel enquired of the LORD, (for the ark of the covenant of God was there in those days, <span class="ver">28</span>And Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron, stood before it in thM
ose days,) saying, Shall I yet again go out to battle against the children of Benjamin my brother, or shall I cease? And the LORD said, Go up; for to morrow I will deliver them into thine hand. <span class="ver">29</span>And Israel set liers in wait round about Gibeah. <span class="ver">30</span>And the children of Israel went up against the children of Benjamin on the third day, and put themselves in array against Gibeah, as at other times. <span class="ver">31</span>And the children of Benjamin went out against tM
he people, and were drawn away from the city; and they began to smite of the people, and kill, as at other times, in the highways, of which one goeth up to the house of God, and the other to Gibeah in the field, about thirty men of Israel. <span class="ver">32</span>And the children of Benjamin said, They are smitten down before us, as at the first. But the children of Israel said, Let us flee, and draw them from the city unto the highways. <span class="ver">33</span>And all the men of Israel rose up out of their pM
lace, and put themselves in array at Baal-tamar: and the liers in wait of Israel came forth out of their places, even out of the meadows of Gibeah. <span class="ver">34</span>And there came against Gibeah ten thousand chosen men out of all Israel, and the battle was sore: but they knew not that evil was near them. <span class="ver">35</span>And the LORD smote Benjamin before Israel: and the children of Israel destroyed of the Benjamites that day twenty and five thousand and an hundred men: all these drew the sword.M
<span class="ver">36</span>So the children of Benjamin saw that they were smitten: for the men of Israel gave place to the Benjamites, because they trusted unto the liers in wait which they had set beside Gibeah. <span class="ver">37</span>And the liers in wait hasted, and rushed upon Gibeah; and the liers in wait drew themselves along, and smote all the city with the edge of the sword. <span class="ver">38</span>Now there was an appointed sign between the men of Israel and the liers in wait, that they should makeM
a great flame with smoke rise up out of the city. <span class="ver">39</span>And when the men of Israel retired in the battle, Benjamin began to smite and kill of the men of Israel about thirty persons: for they said, Surely they are smitten down before us, as in the first battle. <span class="ver">40</span>But when the flame began to arise up out of the city with a pillar of smoke, the Benjamites looked behind them, and, behold, the flame of the city ascended up to heaven. <span class="ver">41</span>And when the M
men of Israel turned again, the men of Benjamin were amazed: for they saw that evil was come upon them. <span class="ver">42</span>Therefore they turned their backs before the men of Israel unto the way of the wilderness; but the battle overtook them; and them which came out of the cities they destroyed in the midst of them. <span class="ver">43</span>Thus they inclosed the Benjamites round about, and chased them, and trode them down with ease over against Gibeah toward the sunrising. <span class="ver">44</span>AndM
there fell of Benjamin eighteen thousand men; all these were men of valour. <span class="ver">45</span>And they turned and fled toward the wilderness unto the rock of Rimmon: and they gleaned of them in the highways five thousand men; and pursued hard after them unto Gidom, and slew two thousand men of them. <span class="ver">46</span>So that all which fell that day of Benjamin were twenty and five thousand men that drew the sword; all these were men of valour. <span class="ver">47</span>But six hundred men turnedM
and fled to the wilderness unto the rock Rimmon, and abode in the rock Rimmon four months. <span class="ver">48</span>And the men of Israel turned again upon the children of Benjamin, and smote them with the edge of the sword, as well the men of every city, as the beast, and all that came to hand: also they set on fire all the cities that they came to.
<h2 id="c21">Chapter 21</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now the men of Israel had sworn in Mizpeh, saying, There shall not any of us give his daughter unto M
Benjamin to wife. <span class="ver">2</span>And the people came to the house of God, and abode there till even before God, and lifted up their voices, and wept sore; <span class="ver">3</span>And said, O LORD God of Israel, why is this come to pass in Israel, that there should be to day one tribe lacking in Israel? <span class="ver">4</span>And it came to pass on the morrow, that the people rose early, and built there an altar, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings. <span class="ver">5</span>And the childM
ren of Israel said, Who is there among all the tribes of Israel that came not up with the congregation unto the LORD? For they had made a great oath concerning him that came not up to the LORD to Mizpeh, saying, He shall surely be put to death. <span class="ver">6</span>And the children of Israel repented them for Benjamin their brother, and said, There is one tribe cut off from Israel this day. <span class="ver">7</span>How shall we do for wives for them that remain, seeing we have sworn by the LORD that we will nM
ot give them of our daughters to wives? </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And they said, What one is there of the tribes of Israel that came not up to Mizpeh to the LORD? And, behold, there came none to the camp from Jabesh-gilead to the assembly. <span class="ver">9</span>For the people were numbered, and, behold, there were none of the inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead there. <span class="ver">10</span>And the congregation sent thither twelve thousand men of the valiantest, and commanded them, saying, Go and smite tM
he inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead with the edge of the sword, with the women and the children. <span class="ver">11</span>And this is the thing that ye shall do, Ye shall utterly destroy every male, and every woman that hath lain by man. <span class="ver">12</span>And they found among the inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead four hundred young virgins, that had known no man by lying with any male: and they brought them unto the camp to Shiloh, which is in the land of Canaan. <span class="ver">13</span>And the whole congregatM
ion sent some to speak to the children of Benjamin that were in the rock Rimmon, and to call peaceably unto them. <span class="ver">14</span>And Benjamin came again at that time; and they gave them wives which they had saved alive of the women of Jabesh-gilead: and yet so they sufficed them not. <span class="ver">15</span>And the people repented them for Benjamin, because that the LORD had made a breach in the tribes of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Then the elders of the congregation said, How shallM
we do for wives for them that remain, seeing the women are destroyed out of Benjamin? <span class="ver">17</span>And they said, There must be an inheritance for them that be escaped of Benjamin, that a tribe be not destroyed out of Israel. <span class="ver">18</span>Howbeit we may not give them wives of our daughters: for the children of Israel have sworn, saying, Cursed be he that giveth a wife to Benjamin. <span class="ver">19</span>Then they said, Behold, there is a feast of the LORD in Shiloh yearly in a placeM
which is on the north side of Beth-el, on the east side of the highway that goeth up from Beth-el to Shechem, and on the south of Lebonah. <span class="ver">20</span>Therefore they commanded the children of Benjamin, saying, Go and lie in wait in the vineyards; <span class="ver">21</span>And see, and, behold, if the daughters of Shiloh come out to dance in dances, then come ye out of the vineyards, and catch you every man his wife of the daughters of Shiloh, and go to the land of Benjamin. <span class="ver">22</spM
an>And it shall be, when their fathers or their brethren come unto us to complain, that we will say unto them, Be favourable unto them for our sakes: because we reserved not to each man his wife in the war: for ye did not give unto them at this time, that ye should be guilty. <span class="ver">23</span>And the children of Benjamin did so, and took them wives, according to their number, of them that danced, whom they caught: and they went and returned unto their inheritance, and repaired the cities, and dwelt in theM
m. <span class="ver">24</span>And the children of Israel departed thence at that time, every man to his tribe and to his family, and they went out from thence every man to his inheritance. <span class="ver">25</span>In those days there was no king in Israel: every man did that which was right in his own eyes. </p>
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<title>BOOK OF DANIEL</title>
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<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</aM
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="#c10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="#c11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="#c12">12</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king ofM
Judah came Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon unto Jerusalem, and besieged it. <span class="ver">2</span>And the Lord gave Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand, with part of the vessels of the house of God: which he carried into the land of Shinar to the house of his god; and he brought the vessels into the treasure house of his god. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And the king spake unto Ashpenaz the master of his eunuchs, that he should bring certain of the children of Israel, and of the king
he princes; <span class="ver">4</span>Children in whom was no blemish, but well favoured, and skilful in all wisdom, and cunning in knowledge, and understanding science, and such as had ability in them to stand in the king
s palace, and whom they might teach the learning and the tongue of the Chaldeans. <span class="ver">5</span>And the king appointed them a daily provision of the king
s meat, and of the wine which he drank: so nourishing them three years, that at the end thereof they might stand before the kinM
g. <span class="ver">6</span>Now among these were of the children of Judah, Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah: <span class="ver">7</span>Unto whom the prince of the eunuchs gave names: for he gave unto Daniel the name of Belteshazzar; and to Hananiah, of Shadrach; and to Mishael, of Meshach; and to Azariah, of Abed-nego. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>But Daniel purposed in his heart that he would not defile himself with the portion of the king
s meat, nor with the wine which he drank: therefore he requM
ested of the prince of the eunuchs that he might not defile himself. <span class="ver">9</span>Now God had brought Daniel into favour and tender love with the prince of the eunuchs. <span class="ver">10</span>And the prince of the eunuchs said unto Daniel, I fear my lord the king, who hath appointed your meat and your drink: for why should he see your faces worse liking than the children which are of your sort? then shall ye make me endanger my head to the king. <span class="ver">11</span>Then said Daniel to MelzarM
, whom the prince of the eunuchs had set over Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, <span class="ver">12</span>Prove thy servants, I beseech thee, ten days; and let them give us pulse to eat, and water to drink. <span class="ver">13</span>Then let our countenances be looked upon before thee, and the countenance of the children that eat of the portion of the king
s meat: and as thou seest, deal with thy servants. <span class="ver">14</span>So he consented to them in this matter, and proved them ten days. <span cM
lass="ver">15</span>And at the end of ten days their countenances appeared fairer and fatter in flesh than all the children which did eat the portion of the king
s meat. <span class="ver">16</span>Thus Melzar took away the portion of their meat, and the wine that they should drink; and gave them pulse. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>As for these four children, God gave them knowledge and skill in all learning and wisdom: and Daniel had understanding in all visions and dreams. <span class="ver">18</span>Now M
at the end of the days that the king had said he should bring them in, then the prince of the eunuchs brought them in before Nebuchadnezzar. <span class="ver">19</span>And the king communed with them; and among them all was found none like Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah: therefore stood they before the king. <span class="ver">20</span>And in all matters of wisdom and understanding, that the king enquired of them, he found them ten times better than all the magicians and astrologers that were in all his realM
m. <span class="ver">21</span>And Daniel continued even unto the first year of king Cyrus.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And in the second year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar Nebuchadnezzar dreamed dreams, wherewith his spirit was troubled, and his sleep brake from him. <span class="ver">2</span>Then the king commanded to call the magicians, and the astrologers, and the sorcerers, and the Chaldeans, for to shew the king his dreams. So they came and stood before the king. <span class=M
"ver">3</span>And the king said unto them, I have dreamed a dream, and my spirit was troubled to know the dream. <span class="ver">4</span>Then spake the Chaldeans to the king in Syriack, O king, live for ever: tell thy servants the dream, and we will shew the interpretation. <span class="ver">5</span>The king answered and said to the Chaldeans, The thing is gone from me: if ye will not make known unto me the dream, with the interpretation thereof, ye shall be cut in pieces, and your houses shall be made a dunghillM
. <span class="ver">6</span>But if ye shew the dream, and the interpretation thereof, ye shall receive of me gifts and rewards and great honour: therefore shew me the dream, and the interpretation thereof. <span class="ver">7</span>They answered again and said, Let the king tell his servants the dream, and we will shew the interpretation of it. <span class="ver">8</span>The king answered and said, I know of certainty that ye would gain the time, because ye see the thing is gone from me. <span class="ver">9</span>BuM
t if ye will not make known unto me the dream, there is but one decree for you: for ye have prepared lying and corrupt words to speak before me, till the time be changed: therefore tell me the dream, and I shall know that ye can shew me the interpretation thereof. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>The Chaldeans answered before the king, and said, There is not a man upon the earth that can shew the king
s matter: therefore there is no king, lord, nor ruler, that asked such things at any magician, or astrologer,M
or Chaldean. <span class="ver">11</span>And it is a rare thing that the king requireth, and there is none other that can shew it before the king, except the gods, whose dwelling is not with flesh. <span class="ver">12</span>For this cause the king was angry and very furious, and commanded to destroy all the wise men of Babylon. <span class="ver">13</span>And the decree went forth that the wise men should be slain; and they sought Daniel and his fellows to be slain. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Then Daniel M
answered with counsel and wisdom to Arioch the captain of the king
s guard, which was gone forth to slay the wise men of Babylon: <span class="ver">15</span>He answered and said to Arioch the king
s captain, Why is the decree so hasty from the king? Then Arioch made the thing known to Daniel. <span class="ver">16</span>Then Daniel went in, and desired of the king that he would give him time, and that he would shew the king the interpretation. <span class="ver">17</span>Then Daniel went to his house, and made thM
e thing known to Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, his companions: <span class="ver">18</span>That they would desire mercies of the God of heaven concerning this secret; that Daniel and his fellows should not perish with the rest of the wise men of Babylon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Then was the secret revealed unto Daniel in a night vision. Then Daniel blessed the God of heaven. <span class="ver">20</span>Daniel answered and said, Blessed be the name of God for ever and ever: for wisdom and might are his:M
<span class="ver">21</span>And he changeth the times and the seasons: he removeth kings, and setteth up kings: he giveth wisdom unto the wise, and knowledge to them that know understanding: <span class="ver">22</span>He revealeth the deep and secret things: he knoweth what is in the darkness, and the light dwelleth with him. <span class="ver">23</span>I thank thee, and praise thee, O thou God of my fathers, who hast given me wisdom and might, and hast made known unto me now what we desired of thee: for thou hast nM
ow made known unto us the king
<p><span class="ver">24</span>Therefore Daniel went in unto Arioch, whom the king had ordained to destroy the wise men of Babylon: he went and said thus unto him; Destroy not the wise men of Babylon: bring me in before the king, and I will shew unto the king the interpretation. <span class="ver">25</span>Then Arioch brought in Daniel before the king in haste, and said thus unto him, I have found a man of the captives of Judah, that will make known unto the king the M
interpretation. <span class="ver">26</span>The king answered and said to Daniel, whose name was Belteshazzar, Art thou able to make known unto me the dream which I have seen, and the interpretation thereof? <span class="ver">27</span>Daniel answered in the presence of the king, and said, The secret which the king hath demanded cannot the wise men, the astrologers, the magicians, the soothsayers, shew unto the king; <span class="ver">28</span>But there is a God in heaven that revealeth secrets, and maketh known to tM
he king Nebuchadnezzar what shall be in the latter days. Thy dream, and the visions of thy head upon thy bed, are these; <span class="ver">29</span>As for thee, O king, thy thoughts came into thy mind upon thy bed, what should come to pass hereafter: and he that revealeth secrets maketh known to thee what shall come to pass. <span class="ver">30</span>But as for me, this secret is not revealed to me for any wisdom that I have more than any living, but for their sakes that shall make known the interpretation to the M
king, and that thou mightest know the thoughts of thy heart. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>Thou, O king, sawest, and behold a great image. This great image, whose brightness was excellent, stood before thee; and the form thereof was terrible. <span class="ver">32</span>This image
s head was of fine gold, his breast and his arms of silver, his belly and his thighs of brass, <span class="ver">33</span>His legs of iron, his feet part of iron and part of clay. <span class="ver">34</span>Thou sawest till that aM
stone was cut out without hands, which smote the image upon his feet that were of iron and clay, and brake them to pieces. <span class="ver">35</span>Then was the iron, the clay, the brass, the silver, and the gold, broken to pieces together, and became like the chaff of the summer threshingfloors; and the wind carried them away, that no place was found for them: and the stone that smote the image became a great mountain, and filled the whole earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">36</span>This is the dream; and we wiM
ll tell the interpretation thereof before the king. <span class="ver">37</span>Thou, O king, art a king of kings: for the God of heaven hath given thee a kingdom, power, and strength, and glory. <span class="ver">38</span>And wheresoever the children of men dwell, the beasts of the field and the fowls of the heaven hath he given into thine hand, and hath made thee ruler over them all. Thou art this head of gold. <span class="ver">39</span>And after thee shall arise another kingdom inferior to thee, and another thirM
d kingdom of brass, which shall bear rule over all the earth. <span class="ver">40</span>And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron: forasmuch as iron breaketh in pieces and subdueth all things: and as iron that breaketh all these, shall it break in pieces and bruise. <span class="ver">41</span>And whereas thou sawest the feet and toes, part of potters
clay, and part of iron, the kingdom shall be divided; but there shall be in it of the strength of the iron, forasmuch as thou sawest the iron mixed with miry M
clay. <span class="ver">42</span>And as the toes of the feet were part of iron, and part of clay, so the kingdom shall be partly strong, and partly broken. <span class="ver">43</span>And whereas thou sawest iron mixed with miry clay, they shall mingle themselves with the seed of men: but they shall not cleave one to another, even as iron is not mixed with clay. <span class="ver">44</span>And in the days of these kings shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom, which shall never be destroyed: and the kingdom shall noM
t be left to other people, but it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand for ever. <span class="ver">45</span>Forasmuch as thou sawest that the stone was cut out of the mountain without hands, and that it brake in pieces the iron, the brass, the clay, the silver, and the gold; the great God hath made known to the king what shall come to pass hereafter: and the dream is certain, and the interpretation thereof sure. </p>
<p><span class="ver">46</span>Then the king Nebuchadnezzar feM
ll upon his face, and worshipped Daniel, and commanded that they should offer an oblation and sweet odours unto him. <span class="ver">47</span>The king answered unto Daniel, and said, Of a truth it is, that your God is a God of gods, and a Lord of kings, and a revealer of secrets, seeing thou couldest reveal this secret. <span class="ver">48</span>Then the king made Daniel a great man, and gave him many great gifts, and made him ruler over the whole province of Babylon, and chief of the governors over all the wiseM
men of Babylon. <span class="ver">49</span>Then Daniel requested of the king, and he set Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, over the affairs of the province of Babylon: but Daniel sat in the gate of the king.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Nebuchadnezzar the king made an image of gold, whose height was threescore cubits, and the breadth thereof six cubits: he set it up in the plain of Dura, in the province of Babylon. <span class="ver">2</span>Then Nebuchadnezzar the king sent to gathM
er together the princes, the governors, and the captains, the judges, the treasurers, the counsellors, the sheriffs, and all the rulers of the provinces, to come to the dedication of the image which Nebuchadnezzar the king had set up. <span class="ver">3</span>Then the princes, the governors, and captains, the judges, the treasurers, the counsellors, the sheriffs, and all the rulers of the provinces, were gathered together unto the dedication of the image that Nebuchadnezzar the king had set up; and they stood befoM
re the image that Nebuchadnezzar had set up. <span class="ver">4</span>Then an herald cried aloud, To you it is commanded, O people, nations, and languages, <span class="ver">5</span>That at what time ye hear the sound of the cornet, flute, harp, sackbut, psaltery, dulcimer, and all kinds of musick, ye fall down and worship the golden image that Nebuchadnezzar the king hath set up: <span class="ver">6</span>And whoso falleth not down and worshippeth shall the same hour be cast into the midst of a burning fiery furnM
ace. <span class="ver">7</span>Therefore at that time, when all the people heard the sound of the cornet, flute, harp, sackbut, psaltery, and all kinds of musick, all the people, the nations, and the languages, fell down and worshipped the golden image that Nebuchadnezzar the king had set up. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Wherefore at that time certain Chaldeans came near, and accused the Jews. <span class="ver">9</span>They spake and said to the king Nebuchadnezzar, O king, live for ever. <span class="ver">1M
0</span>Thou, O king, hast made a decree, that every man that shall hear the sound of the cornet, flute, harp, sackbut, psaltery, and dulcimer, and all kinds of musick, shall fall down and worship the golden image: <span class="ver">11</span>And whoso falleth not down and worshippeth, that he should be cast into the midst of a burning fiery furnace. <span class="ver">12</span>There are certain Jews whom thou hast set over the affairs of the province of Babylon, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego; these men, O king, hM
ave not regarded thee: they serve not thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Then Nebuchadnezzar in his rage and fury commanded to bring Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego. Then they brought these men before the king. <span class="ver">14</span>Nebuchadnezzar spake and said unto them, Is it true, O Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, do not ye serve my gods, nor worship the golden image which I have set up? <span class="ver">15</span>Now if ye be ready that aM
t what time ye hear the sound of the cornet, flute, harp, sackbut, psaltery, and dulcimer, and all kinds of musick, ye fall down and worship the image which I have made; well: but if ye worship not, ye shall be cast the same hour into the midst of a burning fiery furnace; and who is that God that shall deliver you out of my hands? <span class="ver">16</span>Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, answered and said to the king, O Nebuchadnezzar, we are not careful to answer thee in this matter. <span class="ver">17</span>M
If it be so, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the burning fiery furnace, and he will deliver us out of thine hand, O king. <span class="ver">18</span>But if not, be it known unto thee, O king, that we will not serve thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Then was Nebuchadnezzar full of fury, and the form of his visage was changed against Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego: therefore he spake, and commanded that they should heat the furnace oM
ne seven times more than it was wont to be heated. <span class="ver">20</span>And he commanded the most mighty men that were in his army to bind Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, and to cast them into the burning fiery furnace. <span class="ver">21</span>Then these men were bound in their coats, their hosen, and their hats, and their other garments, and were cast into the midst of the burning fiery furnace. <span class="ver">22</span>Therefore because the king
s commandment was urgent, and the furnace exceeding hM
ot, the flame of the fire slew those men that took up Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego. <span class="ver">23</span>And these three men, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, fell down bound into the midst of the burning fiery furnace. <span class="ver">24</span>Then Nebuchadnezzar the king was astonied, and rose up in haste, and spake, and said unto his counsellors, Did not we cast three men bound into the midst of the fire? They answered and said unto the king, True, O king. <span class="ver">25</span>He answered and M
said, Lo, I see four men loose, walking in the midst of the fire, and they have no hurt; and the form of the fourth is like the Son of God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>Then Nebuchadnezzar came near to the mouth of the burning fiery furnace, and spake, and said, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, ye servants of the most high God, come forth, and come hither. Then Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, came forth of the midst of the fire. <span class="ver">27</span>And the princes, governors, and captains, and theM
s counsellors, being gathered together, saw these men, upon whose bodies the fire had no power, nor was an hair of their head singed, neither were their coats changed, nor the smell of fire had passed on them. <span class="ver">28</span>Then Nebuchadnezzar spake, and said, Blessed be the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, who hath sent his angel, and delivered his servants that trusted in him, and have changed the king
s word, and yielded their bodies, that they might not serve nor worship any god, M
except their own God. <span class="ver">29</span>Therefore I make a decree, That every people, nation, and language, which speak any thing amiss against the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, shall be cut in pieces, and their houses shall be made a dunghill: because there is no other God that can deliver after this sort. <span class="ver">30</span>Then the king promoted Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, in the province of Babylon.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Nebuchadnezzar thM
e king, unto all people, nations, and languages, that dwell in all the earth; Peace be multiplied unto you. <span class="ver">2</span>I thought it good to shew the signs and wonders that the high God hath wrought toward me. <span class="ver">3</span>How great are his signs! and how mighty are his wonders! his kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and his dominion is from generation to generation. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>I Nebuchadnezzar was at rest in mine house, and flourishing in my palace: <span class="M
ver">5</span>I saw a dream which made me afraid, and the thoughts upon my bed and the visions of my head troubled me. <span class="ver">6</span>Therefore made I a decree to bring in all the wise men of Babylon before me, that they might make known unto me the interpretation of the dream. <span class="ver">7</span>Then came in the magicians, the astrologers, the Chaldeans, and the soothsayers: and I told the dream before them; but they did not make known unto me the interpretation thereof. </p>
<p><span class="verM
">8</span>But at the last Daniel came in before me, whose name was Belteshazzar, according to the name of my god, and in whom is the spirit of the holy gods: and before him I told the dream, saying, <span class="ver">9</span>O Belteshazzar, master of the magicians, because I know that the spirit of the holy gods is in thee, and no secret troubleth thee, tell me the visions of my dream that I have seen, and the interpretation thereof. <span class="ver">10</span>Thus were the visions of mine head in my bed; I saw, anM
d behold a tree in the midst of the earth, and the height thereof was great. <span class="ver">11</span>The tree grew, and was strong, and the height thereof reached unto heaven, and the sight thereof to the end of all the earth: <span class="ver">12</span>The leaves thereof were fair, and the fruit thereof much, and in it was meat for all: the beasts of the field had shadow under it, and the fowls of the heaven dwelt in the boughs thereof, and all flesh was fed of it. <span class="ver">13</span>I saw in the visionM
s of my head upon my bed, and, behold, a watcher and an holy one came down from heaven; <span class="ver">14</span>He cried aloud, and said thus, Hew down the tree, and cut off his branches, shake off his leaves, and scatter his fruit: let the beasts get away from under it, and the fowls from his branches: <span class="ver">15</span>Nevertheless leave the stump of his roots in the earth, even with a band of iron and brass, in the tender grass of the field; and let it be wet with the dew of heaven, and let his portiM
on be with the beasts in the grass of the earth: <span class="ver">16</span>Let his heart be changed from man
s heart be given unto him; and let seven times pass over him. <span class="ver">17</span>This matter is by the decree of the watchers, and the demand by the word of the holy ones: to the intent that the living may know that the most High ruleth in the kingdom of men, and giveth it to whomsoever he will, and setteth up over it the basest of men. <span class="ver">18</span>This dream I M
king Nebuchadnezzar have seen. Now thou, O Belteshazzar, declare the interpretation thereof, forasmuch as all the wise men of my kingdom are not able to make known unto me the interpretation: but thou art able; for the spirit of the holy gods is in thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Then Daniel, whose name was Belteshazzar, was astonied for one hour, and his thoughts troubled him. The king spake, and said, Belteshazzar, let not the dream, or the interpretation thereof, trouble thee. Belteshazzar answered anM
d said, My lord, the dream be to them that hate thee, and the interpretation thereof to thine enemies. <span class="ver">20</span>The tree that thou sawest, which grew, and was strong, whose height reached unto the heaven, and the sight thereof to all the earth; <span class="ver">21</span>Whose leaves were fair, and the fruit thereof much, and in it was meat for all; under which the beasts of the field dwelt, and upon whose branches the fowls of the heaven had their habitation: <span class="ver">22</span>It is thouM
, O king, that art grown and become strong: for thy greatness is grown, and reacheth unto heaven, and thy dominion to the end of the earth. <span class="ver">23</span>And whereas the king saw a watcher and an holy one coming down from heaven, and saying, Hew the tree down, and destroy it; yet leave the stump of the roots thereof in the earth, even with a band of iron and brass, in the tender grass of the field; and let it be wet with the dew of heaven, and let his portion be with the beasts of the field, till sevenM
times pass over him; <span class="ver">24</span>This is the interpretation, O king, and this is the decree of the most High, which is come upon my lord the king: <span class="ver">25</span>That they shall drive thee from men, and thy dwelling shall be with the beasts of the field, and they shall make thee to eat grass as oxen, and they shall wet thee with the dew of heaven, and seven times shall pass over thee, till thou know that the most High ruleth in the kingdom of men, and giveth it to whomsoever he will. <spM
an class="ver">26</span>And whereas they commanded to leave the stump of the tree roots; thy kingdom shall be sure unto thee, after that thou shalt have known that the heavens do rule. <span class="ver">27</span>Wherefore, O king, let my counsel be acceptable unto thee, and break off thy sins by righteousness, and thine iniquities by shewing mercy to the poor; if it may be a lengthening of thy tranquillity. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>All this came upon the king Nebuchadnezzar. <span class="ver">29</span>AM
t the end of twelve months he walked in the palace of the kingdom of Babylon. <span class="ver">30</span>The king spake, and said, Is not this great Babylon, that I have built for the house of the kingdom by the might of my power, and for the honour of my majesty? <span class="ver">31</span>While the word was in the king
s mouth, there fell a voice from heaven, saying, O king Nebuchadnezzar, to thee it is spoken; The kingdom is departed from thee. <span class="ver">32</span>And they shall drive thee from men, andM
thy dwelling shall be with the beasts of the field: they shall make thee to eat grass as oxen, and seven times shall pass over thee, until thou know that the most High ruleth in the kingdom of men, and giveth it to whomsoever he will. <span class="ver">33</span>The same hour was the thing fulfilled upon Nebuchadnezzar: and he was driven from men, and did eat grass as oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven, till his hairs were grown like eagles
feathers, and his nails like birds
claws. <span class=M
"ver">34</span>And at the end of the days I Nebuchadnezzar lifted up mine eyes unto heaven, and mine understanding returned unto me, and I blessed the most High, and I praised and honoured him that liveth for ever, whose dominion is an everlasting dominion, and his kingdom is from generation to generation: <span class="ver">35</span>And all the inhabitants of the earth are reputed as nothing: and he doeth according to his will in the army of heaven, and among the inhabitants of the earth: and none can stay his handM
, or say unto him, What doest thou? <span class="ver">36</span>At the same time my reason returned unto me; and for the glory of my kingdom, mine honour and brightness returned unto me; and my counsellors and my lords sought unto me; and I was established in my kingdom, and excellent majesty was added unto me. <span class="ver">37</span>Now I Nebuchadnezzar praise and extol and honour the King of heaven, all whose works are truth, and his ways judgment: and those that walk in pride he is able to abase.
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Belshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and drank wine before the thousand. <span class="ver">2</span>Belshazzar, whiles he tasted the wine, commanded to bring the golden and silver vessels which his father Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple which was in Jerusalem; that the king, and his princes, his wives, and his concubines, might drink therein. <span class="ver">3</span>Then they brought the golden vessels that were taken out ofM
the temple of the house of God which was at Jerusalem; and the king, and his princes, his wives, and his concubines, drank in them. <span class="ver">4</span>They drank wine, and praised the gods of gold, and of silver, of brass, of iron, of wood, and of stone. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>In the same hour came forth fingers of a man
s hand, and wrote over against the candlestick upon the plaister of the wall of the king
s palace: and the king saw the part of the hand that wrote. <span class="ver">6</spM
s countenance was changed, and his thoughts troubled him, so that the joints of his loins were loosed, and his knees smote one against another. <span class="ver">7</span>The king cried aloud to bring in the astrologers, the Chaldeans, and the soothsayers. And the king spake, and said to the wise men of Babylon, Whosoever shall read this writing, and shew me the interpretation thereof, shall be clothed with scarlet, and have a chain of gold about his neck, and shall be the third ruler in the kingdM
om. <span class="ver">8</span>Then came in all the king
s wise men: but they could not read the writing, nor make known to the king the interpretation thereof. <span class="ver">9</span>Then was king Belshazzar greatly troubled, and his countenance was changed in him, and his lords were astonied. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Now the queen, by reason of the words of the king and his lords, came into the banquet house: and the queen spake and said, O king, live for ever: let not thy thoughts trouble thee, nM
or let thy countenance be changed: <span class="ver">11</span>There is a man in thy kingdom, in whom is the spirit of the holy gods; and in the days of thy father light and understanding and wisdom, like the wisdom of the gods, was found in him; whom the king Nebuchadnezzar thy father, the king, I say, thy father, made master of the magicians, astrologers, Chaldeans, and soothsayers; <span class="ver">12</span>Forasmuch as an excellent spirit, and knowledge, and understanding, interpreting of dreams, and shewing ofM
hard sentences, and dissolving of doubts, were found in the same Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar: now let Daniel be called, and he will shew the interpretation. <span class="ver">13</span>Then was Daniel brought in before the king. And the king spake and said unto Daniel, Art thou that Daniel, which art of the children of the captivity of Judah, whom the king my father brought out of Jewry? <span class="ver">14</span>I have even heard of thee, that the spirit of the gods is in thee, and that light and undM
erstanding and excellent wisdom is found in thee. <span class="ver">15</span>And now the wise men, the astrologers, have been brought in before me, that they should read this writing, and make known unto me the interpretation thereof: but they could not shew the interpretation of the thing: <span class="ver">16</span>And I have heard of thee, that thou canst make interpretations, and dissolve doubts: now if thou canst read the writing, and make known to me the interpretation thereof, thou shalt be clothed with scarM
let, and have a chain of gold about thy neck, and shalt be the third ruler in the kingdom. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Then Daniel answered and said before the king, Let thy gifts be to thyself, and give thy rewards to another; yet I will read the writing unto the king, and make known to him the interpretation. <span class="ver">18</span>O thou king, the most high God gave Nebuchadnezzar thy father a kingdom, and majesty, and glory, and honour: <span class="ver">19</span>And for the majesty that he gave hiM
m, all people, nations, and languages, trembled and feared before him: whom he would he slew; and whom he would he kept alive; and whom he would he set up; and whom he would he put down. <span class="ver">20</span>But when his heart was lifted up, and his mind hardened in pride, he was deposed from his kingly throne, and they took his glory from him: <span class="ver">21</span>And he was driven from the sons of men; and his heart was made like the beasts, and his dwelling was with the wild asses: they fed him with M
grass like oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven; till he knew that the most high God ruled in the kingdom of men, and that he appointeth over it whomsoever he will. <span class="ver">22</span>And thou his son, O Belshazzar, hast not humbled thine heart, though thou knewest all this; <span class="ver">23</span>But hast lifted up thyself against the Lord of heaven; and they have brought the vessels of his house before thee, and thou, and thy lords, thy wives, and thy concubines, have drunk wine in them; M
and thou hast praised the gods of silver, and gold, of brass, iron, wood, and stone, which see not, nor hear, nor know: and the God in whose hand thy breath is, and whose are all thy ways, hast thou not glorified: <span class="ver">24</span>Then was the part of the hand sent from him; and this writing was written. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And this is the writing that was written, MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN. <span class="ver">26</span>This is the interpretation of the thing: MENE; God hath numbered thy M
kingdom, and finished it. <span class="ver">27</span>TEKEL; Thou art weighed in the balances, and art found wanting. <span class="ver">28</span>PERES; Thy kingdom is divided, and given to the Medes and Persians. <span class="ver">29</span>Then commanded Belshazzar, and they clothed Daniel with scarlet, and put a chain of gold about his neck, and made a proclamation concerning him, that he should be the third ruler in the kingdom. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>In that night was Belshazzar the king of the ChalM
deans slain. <span class="ver">31</span>And Darius the Median took the kingdom, being about threescore and two years old.
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>It pleased Darius to set over the kingdom an hundred and twenty princes, which should be over the whole kingdom; <span class="ver">2</span>And over these three presidents; of whom Daniel was first: that the princes might give accounts unto them, and the king should have no damage. <span class="ver">3</span>Then this Daniel was preferrM
ed above the presidents and princes, because an excellent spirit was in him; and the king thought to set him over the whole realm. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Then the presidents and princes sought to find occasion against Daniel concerning the kingdom; but they could find none occasion nor fault; forasmuch as he was faithful, neither was there any error or fault found in him. <span class="ver">5</span>Then said these men, We shall not find any occasion against this Daniel, except we find it against him conM
cerning the law of his God. <span class="ver">6</span>Then these presidents and princes assembled together to the king, and said thus unto him, King Darius, live for ever. <span class="ver">7</span>All the presidents of the kingdom, the governors, and the princes, the counsellors, and the captains, have consulted together to establish a royal statute, and to make a firm decree, that whosoever shall ask a petition of any God or man for thirty days, save of thee, O king, he shall be cast into the den of lions. <span M
class="ver">8</span>Now, O king, establish the decree, and sign the writing, that it be not changed, according to the law of the Medes and Persians, which altereth not. <span class="ver">9</span>Wherefore king Darius signed the writing and the decree. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Now when Daniel knew that the writing was signed, he went into his house; and his windows being open in his chamber toward Jerusalem, he kneeled upon his knees three times a day, and prayed, and gave thanks before his God, as he diM
d aforetime. <span class="ver">11</span>Then these men assembled, and found Daniel praying and making supplication before his God. <span class="ver">12</span>Then they came near, and spake before the king concerning the king
s decree; Hast thou not signed a decree, that every man that shall ask a petition of any God or man within thirty days, save of thee, O king, shall be cast into the den of lions? The king answered and said, The thing is true, according to the law of the Medes and Persians, which altereth not.M
<span class="ver">13</span>Then answered they and said before the king, That Daniel, which is of the children of the captivity of Judah, regardeth not thee, O king, nor the decree that thou hast signed, but maketh his petition three times a day. <span class="ver">14</span>Then the king, when he heard these words, was sore displeased with himself, and set his heart on Daniel to deliver him: and he laboured till the going down of the sun to deliver him. <span class="ver">15</span>Then these men assembled unto the kiM
ng, and said unto the king, Know, O king, that the law of the Medes and Persians is, That no decree nor statute which the king establisheth may be changed. <span class="ver">16</span>Then the king commanded, and they brought Daniel, and cast him into the den of lions. Now the king spake and said unto Daniel, Thy God whom thou servest continually, he will deliver thee. <span class="ver">17</span>And a stone was brought, and laid upon the mouth of the den; and the king sealed it with his own signet, and with the signM
et of his lords; that the purpose might not be changed concerning Daniel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Then the king went to his palace, and passed the night fasting: neither were instruments of musick brought before him: and his sleep went from him. <span class="ver">19</span>Then the king arose very early in the morning, and went in haste unto the den of lions. <span class="ver">20</span>And when he came to the den, he cried with a lamentable voice unto Daniel: and the king spake and said to Daniel, O DanM
iel, servant of the living God, is thy God, whom thou servest continually, able to deliver thee from the lions? <span class="ver">21</span>Then said Daniel unto the king, O king, live for ever. <span class="ver">22</span>My God hath sent his angel, and hath shut the lions
mouths, that they have not hurt me: forasmuch as before him innocency was found in me; and also before thee, O king, have I done no hurt. <span class="ver">23</span>Then was the king exceeding glad for him, and commanded that they should take DM
aniel up out of the den. So Daniel was taken up out of the den, and no manner of hurt was found upon him, because he believed in his God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And the king commanded, and they brought those men which had accused Daniel, and they cast them into the den of lions, them, their children, and their wives; and the lions had the mastery of them, and brake all their bones in pieces or ever they came at the bottom of the den. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>Then king Darius wrote unto allM
people, nations, and languages, that dwell in all the earth; Peace be multiplied unto you. <span class="ver">26</span>I make a decree, That in every dominion of my kingdom men tremble and fear before the God of Daniel: for he is the living God, and stedfast for ever, and his kingdom that which shall not be destroyed, and his dominion shall be even unto the end. <span class="ver">27</span>He delivereth and rescueth, and he worketh signs and wonders in heaven and in earth, who hath delivered Daniel from the power ofM
the lions. <span class="ver">28</span>So this Daniel prospered in the reign of Darius, and in the reign of Cyrus the Persian.
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In the first year of Belshazzar king of Babylon Daniel had a dream and visions of his head upon his bed: then he wrote the dream, and told the sum of the matters. <span class="ver">2</span>Daniel spake and said, I saw in my vision by night, and, behold, the four winds of the heaven strove upon the great sea. <span class="ver">3</M
span>And four great beasts came up from the sea, diverse one from another. <span class="ver">4</span>The first was like a lion, and had eagle
s wings: I beheld till the wings thereof were plucked, and it was lifted up from the earth, and made stand upon the feet as a man, and a man
s heart was given to it. <span class="ver">5</span>And behold another beast, a second, like to a bear, and it raised up itself on one side, and it had three ribs in the mouth of it between the teeth of it: and they said thus unto it,M
Arise, devour much flesh. <span class="ver">6</span>After this I beheld, and lo another, like a leopard, which had upon the back of it four wings of a fowl; the beast had also four heads; and dominion was given to it. <span class="ver">7</span>After this I saw in the night visions, and behold a fourth beast, dreadful and terrible, and strong exceedingly; and it had great iron teeth: it devoured and brake in pieces, and stamped the residue with the feet of it: and it was diverse from all the beasts that were beforeM
it; and it had ten horns. <span class="ver">8</span>I considered the horns, and, behold, there came up among them another little horn, before whom there were three of the first horns plucked up by the roots: and, behold, in this horn were eyes like the eyes of man, and a mouth speaking great things. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>I beheld till the thrones were cast down, and the Ancient of days did sit, whose garment was white as snow, and the hair of his head like the pure wool: his throne was like the fieryM
flame, and his wheels as burning fire. <span class="ver">10</span>A fiery stream issued and came forth from before him: thousand thousands ministered unto him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him: the judgment was set, and the books were opened. <span class="ver">11</span>I beheld then because of the voice of the great words which the horn spake: I beheld even till the beast was slain, and his body destroyed, and given to the burning flame. <span class="ver">12</span>As concerning the rest of the M
beasts, they had their dominion taken away: yet their lives were prolonged for a season and time. <span class="ver">13</span>I saw in the night visions, and, behold, one like the Son of man came with the clouds of heaven, and came to the Ancient of days, and they brought him near before him. <span class="ver">14</span>And there was given him dominion, and glory, and a kingdom, that all people, nations, and languages, should serve him: his dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and his kingdM
om that which shall not be destroyed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>I Daniel was grieved in my spirit in the midst of my body, and the visions of my head troubled me. <span class="ver">16</span>I came near unto one of them that stood by, and asked him the truth of all this. So he told me, and made me know the interpretation of the things. <span class="ver">17</span>These great beasts, which are four, are four kings, which shall arise out of the earth. <span class="ver">18</span>But the saints of the most HigM
h shall take the kingdom, and possess the kingdom for ever, even for ever and ever. <span class="ver">19</span>Then I would know the truth of the fourth beast, which was diverse from all the others, exceeding dreadful, whose teeth were of iron, and his nails of brass; which devoured, brake in pieces, and stamped the residue with his feet; <span class="ver">20</span>And of the ten horns that were in his head, and of the other which came up, and before whom three fell; even of that horn that had eyes, and a mouth thaM
t spake very great things, whose look was more stout than his fellows. <span class="ver">21</span>I beheld, and the same horn made war with the saints, and prevailed against them; <span class="ver">22</span>Until the Ancient of days came, and judgment was given to the saints of the most High; and the time came that the saints possessed the kingdom. <span class="ver">23</span>Thus he said, The fourth beast shall be the fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall be diverse from all kingdoms, and shall devour the whole eaM
rth, and shall tread it down, and break it in pieces. <span class="ver">24</span>And the ten horns out of this kingdom are ten kings that shall arise: and another shall rise after them; and he shall be diverse from the first, and he shall subdue three kings. <span class="ver">25</span>And he shall speak great words against the most High, and shall wear out the saints of the most High, and think to change times and laws: and they shall be given into his hand until a time and times and the dividing of time. <span claM
ss="ver">26</span>But the judgment shall sit, and they shall take away his dominion, to consume and to destroy it unto the end. <span class="ver">27</span>And the kingdom and dominion, and the greatness of the kingdom under the whole heaven, shall be given to the people of the saints of the most High, whose kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and all dominions shall serve and obey him. <span class="ver">28</span>Hitherto is the end of the matter. As for me Daniel, my cogitations much troubled me, and my countenance M
changed in me: but I kept the matter in my heart.
<h2 id="c8">Chapter 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In the third year of the reign of king Belshazzar a vision appeared unto me, even unto me Daniel, after that which appeared unto me at the first. <span class="ver">2</span>And I saw in a vision; and it came to pass, when I saw, that I was at Shushan in the palace, which is in the province of Elam; and I saw in a vision, and I was by the river of Ulai. <span class="ver">3</span>Then I lifted up mine eyes, M
and saw, and, behold, there stood before the river a ram which had two horns: and the two horns were high; but one was higher than the other, and the higher came up last. <span class="ver">4</span>I saw the ram pushing westward, and northward, and southward; so that no beasts might stand before him, neither was there any that could deliver out of his hand; but he did according to his will, and became great. <span class="ver">5</span>And as I was considering, behold, an he goat came from the west on the face of the M
whole earth, and touched not the ground: and the goat had a notable horn between his eyes. <span class="ver">6</span>And he came to the ram that had two horns, which I had seen standing before the river, and ran unto him in the fury of his power. <span class="ver">7</span>And I saw him come close unto the ram, and he was moved with choler against him, and smote the ram, and brake his two horns: and there was no power in the ram to stand before him, but he cast him down to the ground, and stamped upon him: and thereM
was none that could deliver the ram out of his hand. <span class="ver">8</span>Therefore the he goat waxed very great: and when he was strong, the great horn was broken; and for it came up four notable ones toward the four winds of heaven. <span class="ver">9</span>And out of one of them came forth a little horn, which waxed exceeding great, toward the south, and toward the east, and toward the pleasant land. <span class="ver">10</span>And it waxed great, even to the host of heaven; and it cast down some of the hoM
st and of the stars to the ground, and stamped upon them. <span class="ver">11</span>Yea, he magnified himself even to the prince of the host, and by him the daily sacrifice was taken away, and the place of his sanctuary was cast down. <span class="ver">12</span>And an host was given him against the daily sacrifice by reason of transgression, and it cast down the truth to the ground; and it practised, and prospered. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Then I heard one saint speaking, and another saint said unto thM
at certain saint which spake, How long shall be the vision concerning the daily sacrifice, and the transgression of desolation, to give both the sanctuary and the host to be trodden under foot? <span class="ver">14</span>And he said unto me, Unto two thousand and three hundred days; then shall the sanctuary be cleansed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And it came to pass, when I, even I Daniel, had seen the vision, and sought for the meaning, then, behold, there stood before me as the appearance of a man. <spaM
n class="ver">16</span>And I heard a man
s voice between the banks of Ulai, which called, and said, Gabriel, make this man to understand the vision. <span class="ver">17</span>So he came near where I stood: and when he came, I was afraid, and fell upon my face: but he said unto me, Understand, O son of man: for at the time of the end shall be the vision. <span class="ver">18</span>Now as he was speaking with me, I was in a deep sleep on my face toward the ground: but he touched me, and set me upright. <span classM
="ver">19</span>And he said, Behold, I will make thee know what shall be in the last end of the indignation: for at the time appointed the end shall be. <span class="ver">20</span>The ram which thou sawest having two horns are the kings of Media and Persia. <span class="ver">21</span>And the rough goat is the king of Grecia: and the great horn that is between his eyes is the first king. <span class="ver">22</span>Now that being broken, whereas four stood up for it, four kingdoms shall stand up out of the nation, buM
t not in his power. <span class="ver">23</span>And in the latter time of their kingdom, when the transgressors are come to the full, a king of fierce countenance, and understanding dark sentences, shall stand up. <span class="ver">24</span>And his power shall be mighty, but not by his own power: and he shall destroy wonderfully, and shall prosper, and practise, and shall destroy the mighty and the holy people. <span class="ver">25</span>And through his policy also he shall cause craft to prosper in his hand; and heM
shall magnify himself in his heart, and by peace shall destroy many: he shall also stand up against the Prince of princes; but he shall be broken without hand. <span class="ver">26</span>And the vision of the evening and the morning which was told is true: wherefore shut thou up the vision; for it shall be for many days. <span class="ver">27</span>And I Daniel fainted, and was sick certain days; afterward I rose up, and did the king
s business; and I was astonished at the vision, but none understood it.
d="c9">Chapter 9</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In the first year of Darius the son of Ahasuerus, of the seed of the Medes, which was made king over the realm of the Chaldeans; <span class="ver">2</span>In the first year of his reign I Daniel understood by books the number of the years, whereof the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah the prophet, that he would accomplish seventy years in the desolations of Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And I set my face unto the Lord God, to seek by prayer and M
supplications, with fasting, and sackcloth, and ashes: <span class="ver">4</span>And I prayed unto the LORD my God, and made my confession, and said, O Lord, the great and dreadful God, keeping the covenant and mercy to them that love him, and to them that keep his commandments; <span class="ver">5</span>We have sinned, and have committed iniquity, and have done wickedly, and have rebelled, even by departing from thy precepts and from thy judgments: <span class="ver">6</span>Neither have we hearkened unto thy servaM
nts the prophets, which spake in thy name to our kings, our princes, and our fathers, and to all the people of the land. <span class="ver">7</span>O Lord, righteousness belongeth unto thee, but unto us confusion of faces, as at this day; to the men of Judah, and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and unto all Israel, that are near, and that are far off, through all the countries whither thou hast driven them, because of their trespass that they have trespassed against thee. <span class="ver">8</span>O Lord, to us belM
ongeth confusion of face, to our kings, to our princes, and to our fathers, because we have sinned against thee. <span class="ver">9</span>To the Lord our God belong mercies and forgivenesses, though we have rebelled against him; <span class="ver">10</span>Neither have we obeyed the voice of the LORD our God, to walk in his laws, which he set before us by his servants the prophets. <span class="ver">11</span>Yea, all Israel have transgressed thy law, even by departing, that they might not obey thy voice; therefore M
the curse is poured upon us, and the oath that is written in the law of Moses the servant of God, because we have sinned against him. <span class="ver">12</span>And he hath confirmed his words, which he spake against us, and against our judges that judged us, by bringing upon us a great evil: for under the whole heaven hath not been done as hath been done upon Jerusalem. <span class="ver">13</span>As it is written in the law of Moses, all this evil is come upon us: yet made we not our prayer before the LORD our GodM
, that we might turn from our iniquities, and understand thy truth. <span class="ver">14</span>Therefore hath the LORD watched upon the evil, and brought it upon us: for the LORD our God is righteous in all his works which he doeth: for we obeyed not his voice. <span class="ver">15</span>And now, O Lord our God, that hast brought thy people forth out of the land of Egypt with a mighty hand, and hast gotten thee renown, as at this day; we have sinned, we have done wickedly. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>O LorM
d, according to all thy righteousness, I beseech thee, let thine anger and thy fury be turned away from thy city Jerusalem, thy holy mountain: because for our sins, and for the iniquities of our fathers, Jerusalem and thy people are become a reproach to all that are about us. <span class="ver">17</span>Now therefore, O our God, hear the prayer of thy servant, and his supplications, and cause thy face to shine upon thy sanctuary that is desolate, for the Lord
s sake. <span class="ver">18</span>O my God, incline thM
ine ear, and hear; open thine eyes, and behold our desolations, and the city which is called by thy name: for we do not present our supplications before thee for our righteousnesses, but for thy great mercies. <span class="ver">19</span>O Lord, hear; O Lord, forgive; O Lord, hearken and do; defer not, for thine own sake, O my God: for thy city and thy people are called by thy name. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And whiles I was speaking, and praying, and confessing my sin and the sin of my people Israel, andM
presenting my supplication before the LORD my God for the holy mountain of my God; <span class="ver">21</span>Yea, whiles I was speaking in prayer, even the man Gabriel, whom I had seen in the vision at the beginning, being caused to fly swiftly, touched me about the time of the evening oblation. <span class="ver">22</span>And he informed me, and talked with me, and said, O Daniel, I am now come forth to give thee skill and understanding. <span class="ver">23</span>At the beginning of thy supplications the commandM
ment came forth, and I am come to shew thee; for thou art greatly beloved: therefore understand the matter, and consider the vision. <span class="ver">24</span>Seventy weeks are determined upon thy people and upon thy holy city, to finish the transgression, and to make an end of sins, and to make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness, and to seal up the vision and prophecy, and to anoint the most Holy. <span class="ver">25</span>Know therefore and understand, that from the going forM
th of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah the Prince shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks: the street shall be built again, and the wall, even in troublous times. <span class="ver">26</span>And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for himself: and the people of the prince that shall come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof shall be with a flood, and unto the end of the war desolations are determined. <span class="ver"M
>27</span>And he shall confirm the covenant with many for one week: and in the midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease, and for the overspreading of abominations he shall make it desolate, even until the consummation, and that determined shall be poured upon the desolate.
<h2 id="c10">Chapter 10</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In the third year of Cyrus king of Persia a thing was revealed unto Daniel, whose name was called Belteshazzar; and the thing was true, but the time aM
ppointed was long: and he understood the thing, and had understanding of the vision. <span class="ver">2</span>In those days I Daniel was mourning three full weeks. <span class="ver">3</span>I ate no pleasant bread, neither came flesh nor wine in my mouth, neither did I anoint myself at all, till three whole weeks were fulfilled. <span class="ver">4</span>And in the four and twentieth day of the first month, as I was by the side of the great river, which is Hiddekel; <span class="ver">5</span>Then I lifted up mine M
eyes, and looked, and behold a certain man clothed in linen, whose loins were girded with fine gold of Uphaz: <span class="ver">6</span>His body also was like the beryl, and his face as the appearance of lightning, and his eyes as lamps of fire, and his arms and his feet like in colour to polished brass, and the voice of his words like the voice of a multitude. <span class="ver">7</span>And I Daniel alone saw the vision: for the men that were with me saw not the vision; but a great quaking fell upon them, so that tM
hey fled to hide themselves. <span class="ver">8</span>Therefore I was left alone, and saw this great vision, and there remained no strength in me: for my comeliness was turned in me into corruption, and I retained no strength. <span class="ver">9</span>Yet heard I the voice of his words: and when I heard the voice of his words, then was I in a deep sleep on my face, and my face toward the ground. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And, behold, an hand touched me, which set me upon my knees and upon the palms of M
my hands. <span class="ver">11</span>And he said unto me, O Daniel, a man greatly beloved, understand the words that I speak unto thee, and stand upright: for unto thee am I now sent. And when he had spoken this word unto me, I stood trembling. <span class="ver">12</span>Then said he unto me, Fear not, Daniel: for from the first day that thou didst set thine heart to understand, and to chasten thyself before thy God, thy words were heard, and I am come for thy words. <span class="ver">13</span>But the prince of theM
kingdom of Persia withstood me one and twenty days: but, lo, Michael, one of the chief princes, came to help me; and I remained there with the kings of Persia. <span class="ver">14</span>Now I am come to make thee understand what shall befall thy people in the latter days: for yet the vision is for many days. <span class="ver">15</span>And when he had spoken such words unto me, I set my face toward the ground, and I became dumb. <span class="ver">16</span>And, behold, one like the similitude of the sons of men touM
ched my lips: then I opened my mouth, and spake, and said unto him that stood before me, O my lord, by the vision my sorrows are turned upon me, and I have retained no strength. <span class="ver">17</span>For how can the servant of this my lord talk with this my lord? for as for me, straightway there remained no strength in me, neither is there breath left in me. <span class="ver">18</span>Then there came again and touched me one like the appearance of a man, and he strengthened me, <span class="ver">19</span>And sM
aid, O man greatly beloved, fear not: peace be unto thee, be strong, yea, be strong. And when he had spoken unto me, I was strengthened, and said, Let my lord speak; for thou hast strengthened me. <span class="ver">20</span>Then said he, Knowest thou wherefore I come unto thee? and now will I return to fight with the prince of Persia: and when I am gone forth, lo, the prince of Grecia shall come. <span class="ver">21</span>But I will shew thee that which is noted in the scripture of truth: and there is none that hoM
ldeth with me in these things, but Michael your prince.
<h2 id="c11">Chapter 11</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Also I in the first year of Darius the Mede, even I, stood to confirm and to strengthen him. <span class="ver">2</span>And now will I shew thee the truth. Behold, there shall stand up yet three kings in Persia; and the fourth shall be far richer than they all: and by his strength through his riches he shall stir up all against the realm of Grecia. <span class="ver">3</span>And a mighty king shall M
stand up, that shall rule with great dominion, and do according to his will. <span class="ver">4</span>And when he shall stand up, his kingdom shall be broken, and shall be divided toward the four winds of heaven; and not to his posterity, nor according to his dominion which he ruled: for his kingdom shall be plucked up, even for others beside those. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And the king of the south shall be strong, and one of his princes; and he shall be strong above him, and have dominion; his dominioM
n shall be a great dominion. <span class="ver">6</span>And in the end of years they shall join themselves together; for the king
s daughter of the south shall come to the king of the north to make an agreement: but she shall not retain the power of the arm; neither shall he stand, nor his arm: but she shall be given up, and they that brought her, and he that begat her, and he that strengthened her in these times. <span class="ver">7</span>But out of a branch of her roots shall one stand up in his estate, which shM
all come with an army, and shall enter into the fortress of the king of the north, and shall deal against them, and shall prevail: <span class="ver">8</span>And shall also carry captives into Egypt their gods, with their princes, and with their precious vessels of silver and of gold; and he shall continue more years than the king of the north. <span class="ver">9</span>So the king of the south shall come into his kingdom, and shall return into his own land. <span class="ver">10</span>But his sons shall be stirred uM
p, and shall assemble a multitude of great forces: and one shall certainly come, and overflow, and pass through: then shall he return, and be stirred up, even to his fortress. <span class="ver">11</span>And the king of the south shall be moved with choler, and shall come forth and fight with him, even with the king of the north: and he shall set forth a great multitude; but the multitude shall be given into his hand. <span class="ver">12</span>And when he hath taken away the multitude, his heart shall be lifted up;M
and he shall cast down many ten thousands: but he shall not be strengthened by it. <span class="ver">13</span>For the king of the north shall return, and shall set forth a multitude greater than the former, and shall certainly come after certain years with a great army and with much riches. <span class="ver">14</span>And in those times there shall many stand up against the king of the south: also the robbers of thy people shall exalt themselves to establish the vision; but they shall fall. <span class="ver">15</spM
an>So the king of the north shall come, and cast up a mount, and take the most fenced cities: and the arms of the south shall not withstand, neither his chosen people, neither shall there be any strength to withstand. <span class="ver">16</span>But he that cometh against him shall do according to his own will, and none shall stand before him: and he shall stand in the glorious land, which by his hand shall be consumed. <span class="ver">17</span>He shall also set his face to enter with the strength of his whole kinM
gdom, and upright ones with him; thus shall he do: and he shall give him the daughter of women, corrupting her: but she shall not stand on his side, neither be for him. <span class="ver">18</span>After this shall he turn his face unto the isles, and shall take many: but a prince for his own behalf shall cause the reproach offered by him to cease; without his own reproach he shall cause it to turn upon him. <span class="ver">19</span>Then he shall turn his face toward the fort of his own land: but he shall stumble aM
nd fall, and not be found. <span class="ver">20</span>Then shall stand up in his estate a raiser of taxes in the glory of the kingdom: but within few days he shall be destroyed, neither in anger, nor in battle. <span class="ver">21</span>And in his estate shall stand up a vile person, to whom they shall not give the honour of the kingdom: but he shall come in peaceably, and obtain the kingdom by flatteries. <span class="ver">22</span>And with the arms of a flood shall they be overflown from before him, and shall beM
broken; yea, also the prince of the covenant. <span class="ver">23</span>And after the league made with him he shall work deceitfully: for he shall come up, and shall become strong with a small people. <span class="ver">24</span>He shall enter peaceably even upon the fattest places of the province; and he shall do that which his fathers have not done, nor his fathers
fathers; he shall scatter among them the prey, and spoil, and riches: yea, and he shall forecast his devices against the strong holds, even for a M
time. <span class="ver">25</span>And he shall stir up his power and his courage against the king of the south with a great army; and the king of the south shall be stirred up to battle with a very great and mighty army; but he shall not stand: for they shall forecast devices against him. <span class="ver">26</span>Yea, they that feed of the portion of his meat shall destroy him, and his army shall overflow: and many shall fall down slain. <span class="ver">27</span>And both these kings
hearts shall be to do miscM
hief, and they shall speak lies at one table; but it shall not prosper: for yet the end shall be at the time appointed. <span class="ver">28</span>Then shall he return into his land with great riches; and his heart shall be against the holy covenant; and he shall do exploits, and return to his own land. <span class="ver">29</span>At the time appointed he shall return, and come toward the south; but it shall not be as the former, or as the latter. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>For the ships of Chittim shall cM
ome against him: therefore he shall be grieved, and return, and have indignation against the holy covenant: so shall he do; he shall even return, and have intelligence with them that forsake the holy covenant. <span class="ver">31</span>And arms shall stand on his part, and they shall pollute the sanctuary of strength, and shall take away the daily sacrifice, and they shall place the abomination that maketh desolate. <span class="ver">32</span>And such as do wickedly against the covenant shall he corrupt by flatterM
ies: but the people that do know their God shall be strong, and do exploits. <span class="ver">33</span>And they that understand among the people shall instruct many: yet they shall fall by the sword, and by flame, by captivity, and by spoil, many days. <span class="ver">34</span>Now when they shall fall, they shall be holpen with a little help: but many shall cleave to them with flatteries. <span class="ver">35</span>And some of them of understanding shall fall, to try them, and to purge, and to make them white, eM
ven to the time of the end: because it is yet for a time appointed. <span class="ver">36</span>And the king shall do according to his will; and he shall exalt himself, and magnify himself above every god, and shall speak marvellous things against the God of gods, and shall prosper till the indignation be accomplished: for that that is determined shall be done. <span class="ver">37</span>Neither shall he regard the God of his fathers, nor the desire of women, nor regard any god: for he shall magnify himself above alM
l. <span class="ver">38</span>But in his estate shall he honour the God of forces: and a god whom his fathers knew not shall he honour with gold, and silver, and with precious stones, and pleasant things. <span class="ver">39</span>Thus shall he do in the most strong holds with a strange god, whom he shall acknowledge and increase with glory: and he shall cause them to rule over many, and shall divide the land for gain. <span class="ver">40</span>And at the time of the end shall the king of the south push at him: aM
nd the king of the north shall come against him like a whirlwind, with chariots, and with horsemen, and with many ships; and he shall enter into the countries, and shall overflow and pass over. <span class="ver">41</span>He shall enter also into the glorious land, and many countries shall be overthrown: but these shall escape out of his hand, even Edom, and Moab, and the chief of the children of Ammon. <span class="ver">42</span>He shall stretch forth his hand also upon the countries: and the land of Egypt shall noM
t escape. <span class="ver">43</span>But he shall have power over the treasures of gold and of silver, and over all the precious things of Egypt: and the Libyans and the Ethiopians shall be at his steps. <span class="ver">44</span>But tidings out of the east and out of the north shall trouble him: therefore he shall go forth with great fury to destroy, and utterly to make away many. <span class="ver">45</span>And he shall plant the tabernacles of his palace between the seas in the glorious holy mountain; yet he shaM
ll come to his end, and none shall help him.
<h2 id="c12">Chapter 12</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And at that time shall Michael stand up, the great prince which standeth for the children of thy people: and there shall be a time of trouble, such as never was since there was a nation even to that same time: and at that time thy people shall be delivered, every one that shall be found written in the book. <span class="ver">2</span>And many of them that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some to evM
erlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt. <span class="ver">3</span>And they that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars for ever and ever. <span class="ver">4</span>But thou, O Daniel, shut up the words, and seal the book, even to the time of the end: many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall be increased. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Then I Daniel looked, and, behold, there stood other two, the one on this side ofM
the bank of the river, and the other on that side of the bank of the river. <span class="ver">6</span>And one said to the man clothed in linen, which was upon the waters of the river, How long shall it be to the end of these wonders? <span class="ver">7</span>And I heard the man clothed in linen, which was upon the waters of the river, when he held up his right hand and his left hand unto heaven, and sware by him that liveth for ever that it shall be for a time, times, and an half; and when he shall have accomplisM
hed to scatter the power of the holy people, all these things shall be finished. <span class="ver">8</span>And I heard, but I understood not: then said I, O my Lord, what shall be the end of these things? <span class="ver">9</span>And he said, Go thy way, Daniel: for the words are closed up and sealed till the time of the end. <span class="ver">10</span>Many shall be purified, and made white, and tried; but the wicked shall do wickedly: and none of the wicked shall understand; but the wise shall understand. <span cM
lass="ver">11</span>And from the time that the daily sacrifice shall be taken away, and the abomination that maketh desolate set up, there shall be a thousand two hundred and ninety days. <span class="ver">12</span>Blessed is he that waiteth, and cometh to the thousand three hundred and five and thirty days. <span class="ver">13</span>But go thou thy way till the end be: for thou shalt rest, and stand in thy lot at the end of the days. </p>
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<title>SECOND BOOK OF THE KINGS</title>
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SECOND BOOK OF THE KINGS
<span>commonly called, The Third Book of the Kings</span>
<div class="content-table">
<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="#c10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="#c11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="#c12">12</a></li>
<li><a href="#c13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="#c14">14</a></li>
<li><a href="#c15">15</a></li>
<li><a href="#c16">16</a></li>
<li><a href="#c17">17</a></li>
<li><a href="#c18">18</a></li>
<li><a href="#c19">19</a></li>
<li><a href="#c20">20</a></li>
<li><a href="#c21">21</a></li>
<li><a href="#c22">22</a></li>
<li><a href="#c23">23</a></li>
<li><a href="#c24">24</a></li>
<li><a href="#c25">25</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then Moab rM
ebelled against Israel after the death of Ahab. <span class="ver">2</span>And Ahaziah fell down through a lattice in his upper chamber that was in Samaria, and was sick: and he sent messengers, and said unto them, Go, enquire of Baal-zebub the god of Ekron whether I shall recover of this disease. <span class="ver">3</span>But the angel of the LORD said to Elijah the Tishbite, Arise, go up to meet the messengers of the king of Samaria, and say unto them, Is it not because there is not a God in Israel, that ye go to M
enquire of Baal-zebub the god of Ekron? <span class="ver">4</span>Now therefore thus saith the LORD, Thou shalt not come down from that bed on which thou art gone up, but shalt surely die. And Elijah departed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And when the messengers turned back unto him, he said unto them, Why are ye now turned back? <span class="ver">6</span>And they said unto him, There came a man up to meet us, and said unto us, Go, turn again unto the king that sent you, and say unto him, Thus saith the LORDM
, Is it not because there is not a God in Israel, that thou sendest to enquire of Baal-zebub the god of Ekron? therefore thou shalt not come down from that bed on which thou art gone up, but shalt surely die. <span class="ver">7</span>And he said unto them, What manner of man was he which came up to meet you, and told you these words? <span class="ver">8</span>And they answered him, He was an hairy man, and girt with a girdle of leather about his loins. And he said, It is Elijah the Tishbite. <span class="ver">9</sM
pan>Then the king sent unto him a captain of fifty with his fifty. And he went up to him: and, behold, he sat on the top of an hill. And he spake unto him, Thou man of God, the king hath said, Come down. <span class="ver">10</span>And Elijah answered and said to the captain of fifty, If I be a man of God, then let fire come down from heaven, and consume thee and thy fifty. And there came down fire from heaven, and consumed him and his fifty. <span class="ver">11</span>Again also he sent unto him another captain of M
fifty with his fifty. And he answered and said unto him, O man of God, thus hath the king said, Come down quickly. <span class="ver">12</span>And Elijah answered and said unto them, If I be a man of God, let fire come down from heaven, and consume thee and thy fifty. And the fire of God came down from heaven, and consumed him and his fifty. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And he sent again a captain of the third fifty with his fifty. And the third captain of fifty went up, and came and fell on his knees beforeM
Elijah, and besought him, and said unto him, O man of God, I pray thee, let my life, and the life of these fifty thy servants, be precious in thy sight. <span class="ver">14</span>Behold, there came fire down from heaven, and burnt up the two captains of the former fifties with their fifties: therefore let my life now be precious in thy sight. <span class="ver">15</span>And the angel of the LORD said unto Elijah, Go down with him: be not afraid of him. And he arose, and went down with him unto the king. <span clasM
s="ver">16</span>And he said unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Forasmuch as thou hast sent messengers to enquire of Baal-zebub the god of Ekron, is it not because there is no God in Israel to enquire of his word? therefore thou shalt not come down off that bed on which thou art gone up, but shalt surely die. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>So he died according to the word of the LORD which Elijah had spoken. And Jehoram reigned in his stead in the second year of Jehoram the son of Jehoshaphat king of Judah; becauM
se he had no son. <span class="ver">18</span>Now the rest of the acts of Ahaziah which he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass, when the LORD would take up Elijah into heaven by a whirlwind, that Elijah went with Elisha from Gilgal. <span class="ver">2</span>And Elijah said unto Elisha, Tarry here, I pray thee; for the LORD hath sent me to Beth-el. And Elisha said unto him, As the LORD livethM
, and as thy soul liveth, I will not leave thee. So they went down to Beth-el. <span class="ver">3</span>And the sons of the prophets that were at Beth-el came forth to Elisha, and said unto him, Knowest thou that the LORD will take away thy master from thy head to day? And he said, Yea, I know it; hold ye your peace. <span class="ver">4</span>And Elijah said unto him, Elisha, tarry here, I pray thee; for the LORD hath sent me to Jericho. And he said, As the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth, I will not leave theM
e. So they came to Jericho. <span class="ver">5</span>And the sons of the prophets that were at Jericho came to Elisha, and said unto him, Knowest thou that the LORD will take away thy master from thy head to day? And he answered, Yea, I know it; hold ye your peace. <span class="ver">6</span>And Elijah said unto him, Tarry, I pray thee, here; for the LORD hath sent me to Jordan. And he said, As the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth, I will not leave thee. And they two went on. <span class="ver">7</span>And fifty M
men of the sons of the prophets went, and stood to view afar off: and they two stood by Jordan. <span class="ver">8</span>And Elijah took his mantle, and wrapped it together, and smote the waters, and they were divided hither and thither, so that they two went over on dry ground. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And it came to pass, when they were gone over, that Elijah said unto Elisha, Ask what I shall do for thee, before I be taken away from thee. And Elisha said, I pray thee, let a double portion of thy spirM
it be upon me. <span class="ver">10</span>And he said, Thou hast asked a hard thing: nevertheless, if thou see me when I am taken from thee, it shall be so unto thee; but if not, it shall not be so. <span class="ver">11</span>And it came to pass, as they still went on, and talked, that, behold, there appeared a chariot of fire, and horses of fire, and parted them both asunder; and Elijah went up by a whirlwind into heaven. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And Elisha saw it, and he cried, My father, my father, tM
he chariot of Israel, and the horsemen thereof. And he saw him no more: and he took hold of his own clothes, and rent them in two pieces. <span class="ver">13</span>He took up also the mantle of Elijah that fell from him, and went back, and stood by the bank of Jordan; <span class="ver">14</span>And he took the mantle of Elijah that fell from him, and smote the waters, and said, Where is the LORD God of Elijah? and when he also had smitten the waters, they parted hither and thither: and Elisha went over. <span clasM
s="ver">15</span>And when the sons of the prophets which were to view at Jericho saw him, they said, The spirit of Elijah doth rest on Elisha. And they came to meet him, and bowed themselves to the ground before him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And they said unto him, Behold now, there be with thy servants fifty strong men; let them go, we pray thee, and seek thy master: lest peradventure the Spirit of the LORD hath taken him up, and cast him upon some mountain, or into some valley. And he said, Ye shall nM
ot send. <span class="ver">17</span>And when they urged him till he was ashamed, he said, Send. They sent therefore fifty men; and they sought three days, but found him not. <span class="ver">18</span>And when they came again to him, (for he tarried at Jericho,) he said unto them, Did I not say unto you, Go not? </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And the men of the city said unto Elisha, Behold, I pray thee, the situation of this city is pleasant, as my lord seeth: but the water is naught, and the ground barren. M
<span class="ver">20</span>And he said, Bring me a new cruse, and put salt therein. And they brought it to him. <span class="ver">21</span>And he went forth unto the spring of the waters, and cast the salt in there, and said, Thus saith the LORD, I have healed these waters; there shall not be from thence any more death or barren land. <span class="ver">22</span>So the waters were healed unto this day, according to the saying of Elisha which he spake. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And he went up from thence uM
nto Beth-el: and as he was going up by the way, there came forth little children out of the city, and mocked him, and said unto him, Go up, thou bald head; go up, thou bald head. <span class="ver">24</span>And he turned back, and looked on them, and cursed them in the name of the LORD. And there came forth two she bears out of the wood, and tare forty and two children of them. <span class="ver">25</span>And he went from thence to mount Carmel, and from thence he returned to Samaria.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now Jehoram the son of Ahab began to reign over Israel in Samaria the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, and reigned twelve years. <span class="ver">2</span>And he wrought evil in the sight of the LORD; but not like his father, and like his mother: for he put away the image of Baal that his father had made. <span class="ver">3</span>Nevertheless he cleaved unto the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, which made Israel to sin; he departed not therefrom. </p>
ver">4</span>And Mesha king of Moab was a sheepmaster, and rendered unto the king of Israel an hundred thousand lambs, and an hundred thousand rams, with the wool. <span class="ver">5</span>But it came to pass, when Ahab was dead, that the king of Moab rebelled against the king of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And king Jehoram went out of Samaria the same time, and numbered all Israel. <span class="ver">7</span>And he went and sent to Jehoshaphat the king of Judah, saying, The king of Moab hath rebellM
ed against me: wilt thou go with me against Moab to battle? And he said, I will go up: I am as thou art, my people as thy people, and my horses as thy horses. <span class="ver">8</span>And he said, Which way shall we go up? And he answered, The way through the wilderness of Edom. <span class="ver">9</span>So the king of Israel went, and the king of Judah, and the king of Edom: and they fetched a compass of seven days
journey: and there was no water for the host, and for the cattle that followed them. <span classM
="ver">10</span>And the king of Israel said, Alas! that the LORD hath called these three kings together, to deliver them into the hand of Moab! <span class="ver">11</span>But Jehoshaphat said, Is there not here a prophet of the LORD, that we may enquire of the LORD by him? And one of the king of Israel
s servants answered and said, Here is Elisha the son of Shaphat, which poured water on the hands of Elijah. <span class="ver">12</span>And Jehoshaphat said, The word of the LORD is with him. So the king of Israel aM
nd Jehoshaphat and the king of Edom went down to him. <span class="ver">13</span>And Elisha said unto the king of Israel, What have I to do with thee? get thee to the prophets of thy father, and to the prophets of thy mother. And the king of Israel said unto him, Nay: for the LORD hath called these three kings together, to deliver them into the hand of Moab. <span class="ver">14</span>And Elisha said, As the LORD of hosts liveth, before whom I stand, surely, were it not that I regard the presence of Jehoshaphat theM
king of Judah, I would not look toward thee, nor see thee. <span class="ver">15</span>But now bring me a minstrel. And it came to pass, when the minstrel played, that the hand of the LORD came upon him. <span class="ver">16</span>And he said, Thus saith the LORD, Make this valley full of ditches. <span class="ver">17</span>For thus saith the LORD, Ye shall not see wind, neither shall ye see rain; yet that valley shall be filled with water, that ye may drink, both ye, and your cattle, and your beasts. <span class="M
ver">18</span>And this is but a light thing in the sight of the LORD: he will deliver the Moabites also into your hand. <span class="ver">19</span>And ye shall smite every fenced city, and every choice city, and shall fell every good tree, and stop all wells of water, and mar every good piece of land with stones. <span class="ver">20</span>And it came to pass in the morning, when the meat offering was offered, that, behold, there came water by the way of Edom, and the country was filled with water. </p>
class="ver">21</span>And when all the Moabites heard that the kings were come up to fight against them, they gathered all that were able to put on armour, and upward, and stood in the border. <span class="ver">22</span>And they rose up early in the morning, and the sun shone upon the water, and the Moabites saw the water on the other side as red as blood: <span class="ver">23</span>And they said, This is blood: the kings are surely slain, and they have smitten one another: now therefore, Moab, to the spoil. <span cM
lass="ver">24</span>And when they came to the camp of Israel, the Israelites rose up and smote the Moabites, so that they fled before them: but they went forward smiting the Moabites, even in their country. <span class="ver">25</span>And they beat down the cities, and on every good piece of land cast every man his stone, and filled it; and they stopped all the wells of water, and felled all the good trees: only in Kir-haraseth left they the stones thereof; howbeit the slingers went about it, and smote it. </p>
><span class="ver">26</span>And when the king of Moab saw that the battle was too sore for him, he took with him seven hundred men that drew swords, to break through even unto the king of Edom: but they could not. <span class="ver">27</span>Then he took his eldest son that should have reigned in his stead, and offered him for a burnt offering upon the wall. And there was great indignation against Israel: and they departed from him, and returned to their own land.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
<p><span class="verM
">1</span>Now there cried a certain woman of the wives of the sons of the prophets unto Elisha, saying, Thy servant my husband is dead; and thou knowest that thy servant did fear the LORD: and the creditor is come to take unto him my two sons to be bondmen. <span class="ver">2</span>And Elisha said unto her, What shall I do for thee? tell me, what hast thou in the house? And she said, Thine handmaid hath not any thing in the house, save a pot of oil. <span class="ver">3</span>Then he said, Go, borrow thee vessels aM
broad of all thy neighbours, even empty vessels; borrow not a few. <span class="ver">4</span>And when thou art come in, thou shalt shut the door upon thee and upon thy sons, and shalt pour out into all those vessels, and thou shalt set aside that which is full. <span class="ver">5</span>So she went from him, and shut the door upon her and upon her sons, who brought the vessels to her; and she poured out. <span class="ver">6</span>And it came to pass, when the vessels were full, that she said unto her son, Bring me M
yet a vessel. And he said unto her, There is not a vessel more. And the oil stayed. <span class="ver">7</span>Then she came and told the man of God. And he said, Go, sell the oil, and pay thy debt, and live thou and thy children of the rest. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And it fell on a day, that Elisha passed to Shunem, where was a great woman; and she constrained him to eat bread. And so it was, that as oft as he passed by, he turned in thither to eat bread. <span class="ver">9</span>And she said unto her M
husband, Behold now, I perceive that this is an holy man of God, which passeth by us continually. <span class="ver">10</span>Let us make a little chamber, I pray thee, on the wall; and let us set for him there a bed, and a table, and a stool, and a candlestick: and it shall be, when he cometh to us, that he shall turn in thither. <span class="ver">11</span>And it fell on a day, that he came thither, and he turned into the chamber, and lay there. <span class="ver">12</span>And he said to Gehazi his servant, Call thiM
s Shunammite. And when he had called her, she stood before him. <span class="ver">13</span>And he said unto him, Say now unto her, Behold, thou hast been careful for us with all this care; what is to be done for thee? wouldest thou be spoken for to the king, or to the captain of the host? And she answered, I dwell among mine own people. <span class="ver">14</span>And he said, What then is to be done for her? And Gehazi answered, Verily she hath no child, and her husband is old. <span class="ver">15</span>And he saiM
d, Call her. And when he had called her, she stood in the door. <span class="ver">16</span>And he said, About this season, according to the time of life, thou shalt embrace a son. And she said, Nay, my lord, thou man of God, do not lie unto thine handmaid. <span class="ver">17</span>And the woman conceived, and bare a son at that season that Elisha had said unto her, according to the time of life. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And when the child was grown, it fell on a day, that he went out to his father to M
the reapers. <span class="ver">19</span>And he said unto his father, My head, my head. And he said to a lad, Carry him to his mother. <span class="ver">20</span>And when he had taken him, and brought him to his mother, he sat on her knees till noon, and then died. <span class="ver">21</span>And she went up, and laid him on the bed of the man of God, and shut the door upon him, and went out. <span class="ver">22</span>And she called unto her husband, and said, Send me, I pray thee, one of the young men, and one of tM
he asses, that I may run to the man of God, and come again. <span class="ver">23</span>And he said, Wherefore wilt thou go to him to day? it is neither new moon, nor sabbath. And she said, It shall be well. <span class="ver">24</span>Then she saddled an ass, and said to her servant, Drive, and go forward; slack not thy riding for me, except I bid thee. <span class="ver">25</span>So she went and came unto the man of God to mount Carmel. And it came to pass, when the man of God saw her afar off, that he said to GehazM
i his servant, Behold, yonder is that Shunammite: <span class="ver">26</span>Run now, I pray thee, to meet her, and say unto her, Is it well with thee? is it well with thy husband? is it well with the child? And she answered, It is well. <span class="ver">27</span>And when she came to the man of God to the hill, she caught him by the feet: but Gehazi came near to thrust her away. And the man of God said, Let her alone; for her soul is vexed within her: and the LORD hath hid it from me, and hath not told me. <span cM
lass="ver">28</span>Then she said, Did I desire a son of my lord? did I not say, Do not deceive me? <span class="ver">29</span>Then he said to Gehazi, Gird up thy loins, and take my staff in thine hand, and go thy way: if thou meet any man, salute him not; and if any salute thee, answer him not again: and lay my staff upon the face of the child. <span class="ver">30</span>And the mother of the child said, As the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth, I will not leave thee. And he arose, and followed her. <span class=M
"ver">31</span>And Gehazi passed on before them, and laid the staff upon the face of the child; but there was neither voice, nor hearing. Wherefore he went again to meet him, and told him, saying, The child is not awaked. <span class="ver">32</span>And when Elisha was come into the house, behold, the child was dead, and laid upon his bed. <span class="ver">33</span>He went in therefore, and shut the door upon them twain, and prayed unto the LORD. <span class="ver">34</span>And he went up, and lay upon the child, anM
d put his mouth upon his mouth, and his eyes upon his eyes, and his hands upon his hands: and he stretched himself upon the child; and the flesh of the child waxed warm. <span class="ver">35</span>Then he returned, and walked in the house to and fro; and went up, and stretched himself upon him: and the child sneezed seven times, and the child opened his eyes. <span class="ver">36</span>And he called Gehazi, and said, Call this Shunammite. So he called her. And when she was come in unto him, he said, Take up thy sonM
. <span class="ver">37</span>Then she went in, and fell at his feet, and bowed herself to the ground, and took up her son, and went out. </p>
<p><span class="ver">38</span>And Elisha came again to Gilgal: and there was a dearth in the land; and the sons of the prophets were sitting before him: and he said unto his servant, Set on the great pot, and seethe pottage for the sons of the prophets. <span class="ver">39</span>And one went out into the field to gather herbs, and found a wild vine, and gathered thereof wiM
ld gourds his lap full, and came and shred them into the pot of pottage: for they knew them not. <span class="ver">40</span>So they poured out for the men to eat. And it came to pass, as they were eating of the pottage, that they cried out, and said, O thou man of God, there is death in the pot. And they could not eat thereof. <span class="ver">41</span>But he said, Then bring meal. And he cast it into the pot; and he said, Pour out for the people, that they may eat. And there was no harm in the pot. </p>
n class="ver">42</span>And there came a man from Baal-shalisha, and brought the man of God bread of the firstfruits, twenty loaves of barley, and full ears of corn in the husk thereof. And he said, Give unto the people, that they may eat. <span class="ver">43</span>And his servitor said, What, should I set this before an hundred men? He said again, Give the people, that they may eat: for thus saith the LORD, They shall eat, and shall leave thereof. <span class="ver">44</span>So he set it before them, and they did eM
at, and left thereof, according to the word of the LORD.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now Naaman, captain of the host of the king of Syria, was a great man with his master, and honourable, because by him the LORD had given deliverance unto Syria: he was also a mighty man in valour, but he was a leper. <span class="ver">2</span>And the Syrians had gone out by companies, and had brought away captive out of the land of Israel a little maid; and she waited on Naaman
s="ver">3</span>And she said unto her mistress, Would God my lord were with the prophet that is in Samaria! for he would recover him of his leprosy. <span class="ver">4</span>And one went in, and told his lord, saying, Thus and thus said the maid that is of the land of Israel. <span class="ver">5</span>And the king of Syria said, Go to, go, and I will send a letter unto the king of Israel. And he departed, and took with him ten talents of silver, and six thousand pieces of gold, and ten changes of raiment. <span clM
ass="ver">6</span>And he brought the letter to the king of Israel, saying, Now when this letter is come unto thee, behold, I have therewith sent Naaman my servant to thee, that thou mayest recover him of his leprosy. <span class="ver">7</span>And it came to pass, when the king of Israel had read the letter, that he rent his clothes, and said, Am I God, to kill and to make alive, that this man doth send unto me to recover a man of his leprosy? wherefore consider, I pray you, and see how he seeketh a quarrel against M
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And it was so, when Elisha the man of God had heard that the king of Israel had rent his clothes, that he sent to the king, saying, Wherefore hast thou rent thy clothes? let him come now to me, and he shall know that there is a prophet in Israel. <span class="ver">9</span>So Naaman came with his horses and with his chariot, and stood at the door of the house of Elisha. <span class="ver">10</span>And Elisha sent a messenger unto him, saying, Go and wash in Jordan seven times, M
and thy flesh shall come again to thee, and thou shalt be clean. <span class="ver">11</span>But Naaman was wroth, and went away, and said, Behold, I thought, He will surely come out to me, and stand, and call on the name of the LORD his God, and strike his hand over the place, and recover the leper. <span class="ver">12</span>Are not Abana and Pharpar, rivers of Damascus, better than all the waters of Israel? may I not wash in them, and be clean? So he turned and went away in a rage. <span class="ver">13</span>And M
his servants came near, and spake unto him, and said, My father, if the prophet had bid thee do some great thing, wouldest thou not have done it? how much rather then, when he saith to thee, Wash, and be clean? <span class="ver">14</span>Then went he down, and dipped himself seven times in Jordan, according to the saying of the man of God: and his flesh came again like unto the flesh of a little child, and he was clean. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And he returned to the man of God, he and all his company, M
and came, and stood before him: and he said, Behold, now I know that there is no God in all the earth, but in Israel: now therefore, I pray thee, take a blessing of thy servant. <span class="ver">16</span>But he said, As the LORD liveth, before whom I stand, I will receive none. And he urged him to take it; but he refused. <span class="ver">17</span>And Naaman said, Shall there not then, I pray thee, be given to thy servant two mules
burden of earth? for thy servant will henceforth offer neither burnt offering nM
or sacrifice unto other gods, but unto the LORD. <span class="ver">18</span>In this thing the LORD pardon thy servant, that when my master goeth into the house of Rimmon to worship there, and he leaneth on my hand, and I bow myself in the house of Rimmon: when I bow down myself in the house of Rimmon, the LORD pardon thy servant in this thing. <span class="ver">19</span>And he said unto him, Go in peace. So he departed from him a little way. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>But Gehazi, the servant of Elisha theM
man of God, said, Behold, my master hath spared Naaman this Syrian, in not receiving at his hands that which he brought: but, as the LORD liveth, I will run after him, and take somewhat of him. <span class="ver">21</span>So Gehazi followed after Naaman. And when Naaman saw him running after him, he lighted down from the chariot to meet him, and said, Is all well? <span class="ver">22</span>And he said, All is well. My master hath sent me, saying, Behold, even now there be come to me from mount Ephraim two young meM
n of the sons of the prophets: give them, I pray thee, a talent of silver, and two changes of garments. <span class="ver">23</span>And Naaman said, Be content, take two talents. And he urged him, and bound two talents of silver in two bags, with two changes of garments, and laid them upon two of his servants; and they bare them before him. <span class="ver">24</span>And when he came to the tower, he took them from their hand, and bestowed them in the house: and he let the men go, and they departed. <span class="verM
">25</span>But he went in, and stood before his master. And Elisha said unto him, Whence comest thou, Gehazi? And he said, Thy servant went no whither. <span class="ver">26</span>And he said unto him, Went not mine heart with thee, when the man turned again from his chariot to meet thee? Is it a time to receive money, and to receive garments, and oliveyards, and vineyards, and sheep, and oxen, and menservants, and maidservants? <span class="ver">27</span>The leprosy therefore of Naaman shall cleave unto thee, and uM
nto thy seed for ever. And he went out from his presence a leper as white as snow.
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the sons of the prophets said unto Elisha, Behold now, the place where we dwell with thee is too strait for us. <span class="ver">2</span>Let us go, we pray thee, unto Jordan, and take thence every man a beam, and let us make us a place there, where we may dwell. And he answered, Go ye. <span class="ver">3</span>And one said, Be content, I pray thee, and go with thy seM
rvants. And he answered, I will go. <span class="ver">4</span>So he went with them. And when they came to Jordan, they cut down wood. <span class="ver">5</span>But as one was felling a beam, the axe head fell into the water: and he cried, and said, Alas, master! for it was borrowed. <span class="ver">6</span>And the man of God said, Where fell it? And he shewed him the place. And he cut down a stick, and cast it in thither; and the iron did swim. <span class="ver">7</span>Therefore said he, Take it up to thee. And M
he put out his hand, and took it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Then the king of Syria warred against Israel, and took counsel with his servants, saying, In such and such a place shall be my camp. <span class="ver">9</span>And the man of God sent unto the king of Israel, saying, Beware that thou pass not such a place; for thither the Syrians are come down. <span class="ver">10</span>And the king of Israel sent to the place which the man of God told him and warned him of, and saved himself there, not once nor M
twice. <span class="ver">11</span>Therefore the heart of the king of Syria was sore troubled for this thing; and he called his servants, and said unto them, Will ye not shew me which of us is for the king of Israel? <span class="ver">12</span>And one of his servants said, None, my lord, O king: but Elisha, the prophet that is in Israel, telleth the king of Israel the words that thou speakest in thy bedchamber. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And he said, Go and spy where he is, that I may send and fetch him. AM
nd it was told him, saying, Behold, he is in Dothan. <span class="ver">14</span>Therefore sent he thither horses, and chariots, and a great host: and they came by night, and compassed the city about. <span class="ver">15</span>And when the servant of the man of God was risen early, and gone forth, behold, an host compassed the city both with horses and chariots. And his servant said unto him, Alas, my master! how shall we do? <span class="ver">16</span>And he answered, Fear not: for they that be with us are more thM
an they that be with them. <span class="ver">17</span>And Elisha prayed, and said, LORD, I pray thee, open his eyes, that he may see. And the LORD opened the eyes of the young man; and he saw: and, behold, the mountain was full of horses and chariots of fire round about Elisha. <span class="ver">18</span>And when they came down to him, Elisha prayed unto the LORD, and said, Smite this people, I pray thee, with blindness. And he smote them with blindness according to the word of Elisha. </p>
<p><span class="ver">1M
9</span>And Elisha said unto them, This is not the way, neither is this the city: follow me, and I will bring you to the man whom ye seek. But he led them to Samaria. <span class="ver">20</span>And it came to pass, when they were come into Samaria, that Elisha said, LORD, open the eyes of these men, that they may see. And the LORD opened their eyes, and they saw; and, behold, they were in the midst of Samaria. <span class="ver">21</span>And the king of Israel said unto Elisha, when he saw them, My father, shall I sM
mite them? shall I smite them? <span class="ver">22</span>And he answered, Thou shalt not smite them: wouldest thou smite those whom thou hast taken captive with thy sword and with thy bow? set bread and water before them, that they may eat and drink, and go to their master. <span class="ver">23</span>And he prepared great provision for them: and when they had eaten and drunk, he sent them away, and they went to their master. So the bands of Syria came no more into the land of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24M
</span>And it came to pass after this, that Ben-hadad king of Syria gathered all his host, and went up, and besieged Samaria. <span class="ver">25</span>And there was a great famine in Samaria: and, behold, they besieged it, until an ass
s head was sold for fourscore pieces of silver, and the fourth part of a cab of dove
s dung for five pieces of silver. <span class="ver">26</span>And as the king of Israel was passing by upon the wall, there cried a woman unto him, saying, Help, my lord, O king. <span class="veM
r">27</span>And he said, If the LORD do not help thee, whence shall I help thee? out of the barnfloor, or out of the winepress? <span class="ver">28</span>And the king said unto her, What aileth thee? And she answered, This woman said unto me, Give thy son, that we may eat him to day, and we will eat my son to morrow. <span class="ver">29</span>So we boiled my son, and did eat him: and I said unto her on the next day, Give thy son, that we may eat him: and she hath hid her son. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>M
And it came to pass, when the king heard the words of the woman, that he rent his clothes; and he passed by upon the wall, and the people looked, and, behold, he had sackcloth within upon his flesh. <span class="ver">31</span>Then he said, God do so and more also to me, if the head of Elisha the son of Shaphat shall stand on him this day. <span class="ver">32</span>But Elisha sat in his house, and the elders sat with him; and the king sent a man from before him: but ere the messenger came to him, he said to the eldM
ers, See ye how this son of a murderer hath sent to take away mine head? look, when the messenger cometh, shut the door, and hold him fast at the door: is not the sound of his master
s feet behind him? <span class="ver">33</span>And while he yet talked with them, behold, the messenger came down unto him: and he said, Behold, this evil is of the LORD; what should I wait for the LORD any longer?
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then Elisha said, Hear ye the word of the LORD; Thus saith M
the LORD, To morrow about this time shall a measure of fine flour be sold for a shekel, and two measures of barley for a shekel, in the gate of Samaria. <span class="ver">2</span>Then a lord on whose hand the king leaned answered the man of God, and said, Behold, if the LORD would make windows in heaven, might this thing be? And he said, Behold, thou shalt see it with thine eyes, but shalt not eat thereof. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And there were four leprous men at the entering in of the gate: and they sM
aid one to another, Why sit we here until we die? <span class="ver">4</span>If we say, We will enter into the city, then the famine is in the city, and we shall die there: and if we sit still here, we die also. Now therefore come, and let us fall unto the host of the Syrians: if they save us alive, we shall live; and if they kill us, we shall but die. <span class="ver">5</span>And they rose up in the twilight, to go unto the camp of the Syrians: and when they were come to the uttermost part of the camp of Syria, beM
hold, there was no man there. <span class="ver">6</span>For the Lord had made the host of the Syrians to hear a noise of chariots, and a noise of horses, even the noise of a great host: and they said one to another, Lo, the king of Israel hath hired against us the kings of the Hittites, and the kings of the Egyptians, to come upon us. <span class="ver">7</span>Wherefore they arose and fled in the twilight, and left their tents, and their horses, and their asses, even the camp as it was, and fled for their life. <spM
an class="ver">8</span>And when these lepers came to the uttermost part of the camp, they went into one tent, and did eat and drink, and carried thence silver, and gold, and raiment, and went and hid it; and came again, and entered into another tent, and carried thence also, and went and hid it. <span class="ver">9</span>Then they said one to another, We do not well: this day is a day of good tidings, and we hold our peace: if we tarry till the morning light, some mischief will come upon us: now therefore come, thaM
t we may go and tell the king
s household. <span class="ver">10</span>So they came and called unto the porter of the city: and they told them, saying, We came to the camp of the Syrians, and, behold, there was no man there, neither voice of man, but horses tied, and asses tied, and the tents as they were. <span class="ver">11</span>And he called the porters; and they told it to the king
s house within. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And the king arose in the night, and said unto his servants, I will now sM
hew you what the Syrians have done to us. They know that we be hungry; therefore are they gone out of the camp to hide themselves in the field, saying, When they come out of the city, we shall catch them alive, and get into the city. <span class="ver">13</span>And one of his servants answered and said, Let some take, I pray thee, five of the horses that remain, which are left in the city, (behold, they are as all the multitude of Israel that are left in it: behold, I say, they are even as all the multitude of the IM
sraelites that are consumed:) and let us send and see. <span class="ver">14</span>They took therefore two chariot horses; and the king sent after the host of the Syrians, saying, Go and see. <span class="ver">15</span>And they went after them unto Jordan: and, lo, all the way was full of garments and vessels, which the Syrians had cast away in their haste. And the messengers returned, and told the king. <span class="ver">16</span>And the people went out, and spoiled the tents of the Syrians. So a measure of fine flM
our was sold for a shekel, and two measures of barley for a shekel, according to the word of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And the king appointed the lord on whose hand he leaned to have the charge of the gate: and the people trode upon him in the gate, and he died, as the man of God had said, who spake when the king came down to him. <span class="ver">18</span>And it came to pass as the man of God had spoken to the king, saying, Two measures of barley for a shekel, and a measure of fine flour for M
a shekel, shall be to morrow about this time in the gate of Samaria: <span class="ver">19</span>And that lord answered the man of God, and said, Now, behold, if the LORD should make windows in heaven, might such a thing be? And he said, Behold, thou shalt see it with thine eyes, but shalt not eat thereof. <span class="ver">20</span>And so it fell out unto him: for the people trode upon him in the gate, and he died.
<h2 id="c8">Chapter 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then spake Elisha unto the woman, whoseM
son he had restored to life, saying, Arise, and go thou and thine household, and sojourn wheresoever thou canst sojourn: for the LORD hath called for a famine; and it shall also come upon the land seven years. <span class="ver">2</span>And the woman arose, and did after the saying of the man of God: and she went with her household, and sojourned in the land of the Philistines seven years. <span class="ver">3</span>And it came to pass at the seven years
end, that the woman returned out of the land of the PhilistM
ines: and she went forth to cry unto the king for her house and for her land. <span class="ver">4</span>And the king talked with Gehazi the servant of the man of God, saying, Tell me, I pray thee, all the great things that Elisha hath done. <span class="ver">5</span>And it came to pass, as he was telling the king how he had restored a dead body to life, that, behold, the woman, whose son he had restored to life, cried to the king for her house and for her land. And Gehazi said, My lord, O king, this is the woman, aM
nd this is her son, whom Elisha restored to life. <span class="ver">6</span>And when the king asked the woman, she told him. So the king appointed unto her a certain officer, saying, Restore all that was hers, and all the fruits of the field since the day that she left the land, even until now. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And Elisha came to Damascus; and Ben-hadad the king of Syria was sick; and it was told him, saying, The man of God is come hither. <span class="ver">8</span>And the king said unto Hazael, M
Take a present in thine hand, and go, meet the man of God, and enquire of the LORD by him, saying, Shall I recover of this disease? <span class="ver">9</span>So Hazael went to meet him, and took a present with him, even of every good thing of Damascus, forty camels
burden, and came and stood before him, and said, Thy son Ben-hadad king of Syria hath sent me to thee, saying, Shall I recover of this disease? <span class="ver">10</span>And Elisha said unto him, Go, say unto him, Thou mayest certainly recover: howbeM
it the LORD hath shewed me that he shall surely die. <span class="ver">11</span>And he settled his countenance stedfastly, until he was ashamed: and the man of God wept. <span class="ver">12</span>And Hazael said, Why weepeth my lord? And he answered, Because I know the evil that thou wilt do unto the children of Israel: their strong holds wilt thou set on fire, and their young men wilt thou slay with the sword, and wilt dash their children, and rip up their women with child. <span class="ver">13</span>And Hazael sM
aid, But what, is thy servant a dog, that he should do this great thing? And Elisha answered, The LORD hath shewed me that thou shalt be king over Syria. <span class="ver">14</span>So he departed from Elisha, and came to his master; who said to him, What said Elisha to thee? And he answered, He told me that thou shouldest surely recover. <span class="ver">15</span>And it came to pass on the morrow, that he took a thick cloth, and dipped it in water, and spread it on his face, so that he died: and Hazael reigned in M
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And in the fifth year of Joram the son of Ahab king of Israel, Jehoshaphat being then king of Judah, Jehoram the son of Jehoshaphat king of Judah began to reign. <span class="ver">17</span>Thirty and two years old was he when he began to reign; and he reigned eight years in Jerusalem. <span class="ver">18</span>And he walked in the way of the kings of Israel, as did the house of Ahab: for the daughter of Ahab was his wife: and he did evil in the sight of the LORD. <spM
an class="ver">19</span>Yet the LORD would not destroy Judah for David his servant
s sake, as he promised him to give him alway a light, and to his children. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>In his days Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah, and made a king over themselves. <span class="ver">21</span>So Joram went over to Zair, and all the chariots with him: and he rose by night, and smote the Edomites which compassed him about, and the captains of the chariots: and the people fled into their tents. <spaM
n class="ver">22</span>Yet Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah unto this day. Then Libnah revolted at the same time. <span class="ver">23</span>And the rest of the acts of Joram, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? <span class="ver">24</span>And Joram slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in the city of David: and Ahaziah his son reigned in his stead. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>In the twelfth year of Joram the son of Ahab M
king of Israel did Ahaziah the son of Jehoram king of Judah begin to reign. <span class="ver">26</span>Two and twenty years old was Ahaziah when he began to reign; and he reigned one year in Jerusalem. And his mother
s name was Athaliah, the daughter of Omri king of Israel. <span class="ver">27</span>And he walked in the way of the house of Ahab, and did evil in the sight of the LORD, as did the house of Ahab: for he was the son in law of the house of Ahab. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>And he went with JoM
ram the son of Ahab to the war against Hazael king of Syria in Ramoth-gilead; and the Syrians wounded Joram. <span class="ver">29</span>And king Joram went back to be healed in Jezreel of the wounds which the Syrians had given him at Ramah, when he fought against Hazael king of Syria. And Ahaziah the son of Jehoram king of Judah went down to see Joram the son of Ahab in Jezreel, because he was sick.
<h2 id="c9">Chapter 9</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Elisha the prophet called one of the children of thM
e prophets, and said unto him, Gird up thy loins, and take this box of oil in thine hand, and go to Ramoth-gilead: <span class="ver">2</span>And when thou comest thither, look out there Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat the son of Nimshi, and go in, and make him arise up from among his brethren, and carry him to an inner chamber; <span class="ver">3</span>Then take the box of oil, and pour it on his head, and say, Thus saith the LORD, I have anointed thee king over Israel. Then open the door, and flee, and tarry not. </pM
<p><span class="ver">4</span>So the young man, even the young man the prophet, went to Ramoth-gilead. <span class="ver">5</span>And when he came, behold, the captains of the host were sitting; and he said, I have an errand to thee, O captain. And Jehu said, Unto which of all us? And he said, To thee, O captain. <span class="ver">6</span>And he arose, and went into the house; and he poured the oil on his head, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, I have anointed thee king over the people of the M
LORD, even over Israel. <span class="ver">7</span>And thou shalt smite the house of Ahab thy master, that I may avenge the blood of my servants the prophets, and the blood of all the servants of the LORD, at the hand of Jezebel. <span class="ver">8</span>For the whole house of Ahab shall perish: and I will cut off from Ahab him that pisseth against the wall, and him that is shut up and left in Israel: <span class="ver">9</span>And I will make the house of Ahab like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and like tM
he house of Baasha the son of Ahijah: <span class="ver">10</span>And the dogs shall eat Jezebel in the portion of Jezreel, and there shall be none to bury her. And he opened the door, and fled. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Then Jehu came forth to the servants of his lord: and one said unto him, Is all well? wherefore came this mad fellow to thee? And he said unto them, Ye know the man, and his communication. <span class="ver">12</span>And they said, It is false; tell us now. And he said, Thus and thus spakeM
he to me, saying, Thus saith the LORD, I have anointed thee king over Israel. <span class="ver">13</span>Then they hasted, and took every man his garment, and put it under him on the top of the stairs, and blew with trumpets, saying, Jehu is king. <span class="ver">14</span>So Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat the son of Nimshi conspired against Joram. (Now Joram had kept Ramoth-gilead, he and all Israel, because of Hazael king of Syria. <span class="ver">15</span>But king Joram was returned to be healed in Jezreel of tM
he wounds which the Syrians had given him, when he fought with Hazael king of Syria.) And Jehu said, If it be your minds, then let none go forth nor escape out of the city to go to tell it in Jezreel. <span class="ver">16</span>So Jehu rode in a chariot, and went to Jezreel; for Joram lay there. And Ahaziah king of Judah was come down to see Joram. <span class="ver">17</span>And there stood a watchman on the tower in Jezreel, and he spied the company of Jehu as he came, and said, I see a company. And Joram said, TaM
ke an horseman, and send to meet them, and let him say, Is it peace? <span class="ver">18</span>So there went one on horseback to meet him, and said, Thus saith the king, Is it peace? And Jehu said, What hast thou to do with peace? turn thee behind me. And the watchman told, saying, The messenger came to them, but he cometh not again. <span class="ver">19</span>Then he sent out a second on horseback, which came to them, and said, Thus saith the king, Is it peace? And Jehu answered, What hast thou to do with peace? M
turn thee behind me. <span class="ver">20</span>And the watchman told, saying, He came even unto them, and cometh not again: and the driving is like the driving of Jehu the son of Nimshi; for he driveth furiously. <span class="ver">21</span>And Joram said, Make ready. And his chariot was made ready. And Joram king of Israel and Ahaziah king of Judah went out, each in his chariot, and they went out against Jehu, and met him in the portion of Naboth the Jezreelite. <span class="ver">22</span>And it came to pass, whenM
Joram saw Jehu, that he said, Is it peace, Jehu? And he answered, What peace, so long as the whoredoms of thy mother Jezebel and her witchcrafts are so many? <span class="ver">23</span>And Joram turned his hands, and fled, and said to Ahaziah, There is treachery, O Ahaziah. <span class="ver">24</span>And Jehu drew a bow with his full strength, and smote Jehoram between his arms, and the arrow went out at his heart, and he sunk down in his chariot. <span class="ver">25</span>Then said Jehu to Bidkar his captain, TaM
ke up, and cast him in the portion of the field of Naboth the Jezreelite: for remember how that, when I and thou rode together after Ahab his father, the LORD laid this burden upon him; <span class="ver">26</span>Surely I have seen yesterday the blood of Naboth, and the blood of his sons, saith the LORD; and I will requite thee in this plat, saith the LORD. Now therefore take and cast him into the plat of ground, according to the word of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>But when Ahaziah the king of JuM
dah saw this, he fled by the way of the garden house. And Jehu followed after him, and said, Smite him also in the chariot. And they did so at the going up to Gur, which is by Ibleam. And he fled to Megiddo, and died there. <span class="ver">28</span>And his servants carried him in a chariot to Jerusalem, and buried him in his sepulchre with his fathers in the city of David. <span class="ver">29</span>And in the eleventh year of Joram the son of Ahab began Ahaziah to reign over Judah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30M
</span>And when Jehu was come to Jezreel, Jezebel heard of it; and she painted her face, and tired her head, and looked out at a window. <span class="ver">31</span>And as Jehu entered in at the gate, she said, Had Zimri peace, who slew his master? <span class="ver">32</span>And he lifted up his face to the window, and said, Who is on my side? who? And there looked out to him two or three eunuchs. <span class="ver">33</span>And he said, Throw her down. So they threw her down: and some of her blood was sprinkled on tM
he wall, and on the horses: and he trode her under foot. <span class="ver">34</span>And when he was come in, he did eat and drink, and said, Go, see now this cursed woman, and bury her: for she is a king
s daughter. <span class="ver">35</span>And they went to bury her: but they found no more of her than the skull, and the feet, and the palms of her hands. <span class="ver">36</span>Wherefore they came again, and told him. And he said, This is the word of the LORD, which he spake by his servant Elijah the TishbiteM
, saying, In the portion of Jezreel shall dogs eat the flesh of Jezebel: <span class="ver">37</span>And the carcase of Jezebel shall be as dung upon the face of the field in the portion of Jezreel; so that they shall not say, This is Jezebel.
<h2 id="c10">Chapter 10</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Ahab had seventy sons in Samaria. And Jehu wrote letters, and sent to Samaria, unto the rulers of Jezreel, to the elders, and to them that brought up Ahab
s children, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Now asM
soon as this letter cometh to you, seeing your master
s sons are with you, and there are with you chariots and horses, a fenced city also, and armour; <span class="ver">3</span>Look even out the best and meetest of your master
s sons, and set him on his father
s throne, and fight for your master
s house. <span class="ver">4</span>But they were exceedingly afraid, and said, Behold, two kings stood not before him: how then shall we stand? <span class="ver">5</span>And he that was over the house, and he that M
was over the city, the elders also, and the bringers up of the children, sent to Jehu, saying, We are thy servants, and will do all that thou shalt bid us; we will not make any king: do thou that which is good in thine eyes. <span class="ver">6</span>Then he wrote a letter the second time to them, saying, If ye be mine, and if ye will hearken unto my voice, take ye the heads of the men your master
s sons, and come to me to Jezreel by to morrow this time. Now the king
s sons, being seventy persons, were with theM
great men of the city, which brought them up. <span class="ver">7</span>And it came to pass, when the letter came to them, that they took the king
s sons, and slew seventy persons, and put their heads in baskets, and sent him them to Jezreel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And there came a messenger, and told him, saying, They have brought the heads of the king
s sons. And he said, Lay ye them in two heaps at the entering in of the gate until the morning. <span class="ver">9</span>And it came to pass in tM
he morning, that he went out, and stood, and said to all the people, Ye be righteous: behold, I conspired against my master, and slew him: but who slew all these? <span class="ver">10</span>Know now that there shall fall unto the earth nothing of the word of the LORD, which the LORD spake concerning the house of Ahab: for the LORD hath done that which he spake by his servant Elijah. <span class="ver">11</span>So Jehu slew all that remained of the house of Ahab in Jezreel, and all his great men, and his kinsfolks, aM
nd his priests, until he left him none remaining. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And he arose and departed, and came to Samaria. And as he was at the shearing house in the way, <span class="ver">13</span>Jehu met with the brethren of Ahaziah king of Judah, and said, Who are ye? And they answered, We are the brethren of Ahaziah; and we go down to salute the children of the king and the children of the queen. <span class="ver">14</span>And he said, Take them alive. And they took them alive, and slew them at theM
pit of the shearing house, even two and forty men; neither left he any of them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And when he was departed thence, he lighted on Jehonadab the son of Rechab coming to meet him: and he saluted him, and said to him, Is thine heart right, as my heart is with thy heart? And Jehonadab answered, It is. If it be, give me thine hand. And he gave him his hand; and he took him up to him into the chariot. <span class="ver">16</span>And he said, Come with me, and see my zeal for the LORD. SoM
they made him ride in his chariot. <span class="ver">17</span>And when he came to Samaria, he slew all that remained unto Ahab in Samaria, till he had destroyed him, according to the saying of the LORD, which he spake to Elijah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And Jehu gathered all the people together, and said unto them, Ahab served Baal a little; but Jehu shall serve him much. <span class="ver">19</span>Now therefore call unto me all the prophets of Baal, all his servants, and all his priests; let none be wM
anting: for I have a great sacrifice to do to Baal; whosoever shall be wanting, he shall not live. But Jehu did it in subtilty, to the intent that he might destroy the worshippers of Baal. <span class="ver">20</span>And Jehu said, Proclaim a solemn assembly for Baal. And they proclaimed it. <span class="ver">21</span>And Jehu sent through all Israel: and all the worshippers of Baal came, so that there was not a man left that came not. And they came into the house of Baal; and the house of Baal was full from one endM
to another. <span class="ver">22</span>And he said unto him that was over the vestry, Bring forth vestments for all the worshippers of Baal. And he brought them forth vestments. <span class="ver">23</span>And Jehu went, and Jehonadab the son of Rechab, into the house of Baal, and said unto the worshippers of Baal, Search, and look that there be here with you none of the servants of the LORD, but the worshippers of Baal only. <span class="ver">24</span>And when they went in to offer sacrifices and burnt offerings, M
Jehu appointed fourscore men without, and said, If any of the men whom I have brought into your hands escape, he that letteth him go, his life shall be for the life of him. <span class="ver">25</span>And it came to pass, as soon as he had made an end of offering the burnt offering, that Jehu said to the guard and to the captains, Go in, and slay them; let none come forth. And they smote them with the edge of the sword; and the guard and the captains cast them out, and went to the city of the house of Baal. <span clM
ass="ver">26</span>And they brought forth the images out of the house of Baal, and burned them. <span class="ver">27</span>And they brake down the image of Baal, and brake down the house of Baal, and made it a draught house unto this day. <span class="ver">28</span>Thus Jehu destroyed Baal out of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>Howbeit from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin, Jehu departed not from after them, to wit, the golden calves that were in Beth-el, and that were in DM
an. <span class="ver">30</span>And the LORD said unto Jehu, Because thou hast done well in executing that which is right in mine eyes, and hast done unto the house of Ahab according to all that was in mine heart, thy children of the fourth generation shall sit on the throne of Israel. <span class="ver">31</span>But Jehu took no heed to walk in the law of the LORD God of Israel with all his heart: for he departed not from the sins of Jeroboam, which made Israel to sin. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>In those dM
ays the LORD began to cut Israel short: and Hazael smote them in all the coasts of Israel; <span class="ver">33</span>From Jordan eastward, all the land of Gilead, the Gadites, and the Reubenites, and the Manassites, from Aroer, which is by the river Arnon, even Gilead and Bashan. <span class="ver">34</span>Now the rest of the acts of Jehu, and all that he did, and all his might, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? <span class="ver">35</span>And Jehu slept with his fathers: anM
d they buried him in Samaria. And Jehoahaz his son reigned in his stead. <span class="ver">36</span>And the time that Jehu reigned over Israel in Samaria was twenty and eight years.
<h2 id="c11">Chapter 11</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And when Athaliah the mother of Ahaziah saw that her son was dead, she arose and destroyed all the seed royal. <span class="ver">2</span>But Jehosheba, the daughter of king Joram, sister of Ahaziah, took Joash the son of Ahaziah, and stole him from among the king
hich were slain; and they hid him, even him and his nurse, in the bedchamber from Athaliah, so that he was not slain. <span class="ver">3</span>And he was with her hid in the house of the LORD six years. And Athaliah did reign over the land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And the seventh year Jehoiada sent and fetched the rulers over hundreds, with the captains and the guard, and brought them to him into the house of the LORD, and made a covenant with them, and took an oath of them in the house of the LORD, anM
d shewed them the king
s son. <span class="ver">5</span>And he commanded them, saying, This is the thing that ye shall do; A third part of you that enter in on the sabbath shall even be keepers of the watch of the king
s house; <span class="ver">6</span>And a third part shall be at the gate of Sur; and a third part at the gate behind the guard: so shall ye keep the watch of the house, that it be not broken down. <span class="ver">7</span>And two parts of all you that go forth on the sabbath, even they shall keeM
p the watch of the house of the LORD about the king. <span class="ver">8</span>And ye shall compass the king round about, every man with his weapons in his hand: and he that cometh within the ranges, let him be slain: and be ye with the king as he goeth out and as he cometh in. <span class="ver">9</span>And the captains over the hundreds did according to all things that Jehoiada the priest commanded: and they took every man his men that were to come in on the sabbath, with them that should go out on the sabbath, anM
d came to Jehoiada the priest. <span class="ver">10</span>And to the captains over hundreds did the priest give king David
s spears and shields, that were in the temple of the LORD. <span class="ver">11</span>And the guard stood, every man with his weapons in his hand, round about the king, from the right corner of the temple to the left corner of the temple, along by the altar and the temple. <span class="ver">12</span>And he brought forth the king
s son, and put the crown upon him, and gave him the testimony;M
and they made him king, and anointed him; and they clapped their hands, and said, God save the king. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And when Athaliah heard the noise of the guard and of the people, she came to the people into the temple of the LORD. <span class="ver">14</span>And when she looked, behold, the king stood by a pillar, as the manner was, and the princes and the trumpeters by the king, and all the people of the land rejoiced, and blew with trumpets: and Athaliah rent her clothes, and cried, TreasM
on, Treason. <span class="ver">15</span>But Jehoiada the priest commanded the captains of the hundreds, the officers of the host, and said unto them, Have her forth without the ranges: and him that followeth her kill with the sword. For the priest had said, Let her not be slain in the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">16</span>And they laid hands on her; and she went by the way by the which the horses came into the king
s house: and there was she slain. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And Jehoiada made a M
covenant between the LORD and the king and the people, that they should be the LORD
s people; between the king also and the people. <span class="ver">18</span>And all the people of the land went into the house of Baal, and brake it down; his altars and his images brake they in pieces thoroughly, and slew Mattan the priest of Baal before the altars. And the priest appointed officers over the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">19</span>And he took the rulers over hundreds, and the captains, and the guard, and allM
the people of the land; and they brought down the king from the house of the LORD, and came by the way of the gate of the guard to the king
s house. And he sat on the throne of the kings. <span class="ver">20</span>And all the people of the land rejoiced, and the city was in quiet: and they slew Athaliah with the sword beside the king
s house. <span class="ver">21</span>Seven years old was Jehoash when he began to reign.
<h2 id="c12">Chapter 12</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In the seventh year of JehM
u Jehoash began to reign; and forty years reigned he in Jerusalem. And his mother
s name was Zibiah of Beer-sheba. <span class="ver">2</span>And Jehoash did that which was right in the sight of the LORD all his days wherein Jehoiada the priest instructed him. <span class="ver">3</span>But the high places were not taken away: the people still sacrificed and burnt incense in the high places. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And Jehoash said to the priests, All the money of the dedicated things that is brought inM
to the house of the LORD, even the money of every one that passeth the account, the money that every man is set at, and all the money that cometh into any man
s heart to bring into the house of the LORD, <span class="ver">5</span>Let the priests take it to them, every man of his acquaintance: and let them repair the breaches of the house, wheresoever any breach shall be found. <span class="ver">6</span>But it was so, that in the three and twentieth year of king Jehoash the priests had not repaired the breaches ofM
the house. <span class="ver">7</span>Then king Jehoash called for Jehoiada the priest, and the other priests, and said unto them, Why repair ye not the breaches of the house? now therefore receive no more money of your acquaintance, but deliver it for the breaches of the house. <span class="ver">8</span>And the priests consented to receive no more money of the people, neither to repair the breaches of the house. <span class="ver">9</span>But Jehoiada the priest took a chest, and bored a hole in the lid of it, and M
set it beside the altar, on the right side as one cometh into the house of the LORD: and the priests that kept the door put therein all the money that was brought into the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">10</span>And it was so, when they saw that there was much money in the chest, that the king
s scribe and the high priest came up, and they put up in bags, and told the money that was found in the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">11</span>And they gave the money, being told, into the hands of them that diM
d the work, that had the oversight of the house of the LORD: and they laid it out to the carpenters and builders, that wrought upon the house of the LORD, <span class="ver">12</span>And to masons, and hewers of stone, and to buy timber and hewed stone to repair the breaches of the house of the LORD, and for all that was laid out for the house to repair it. <span class="ver">13</span>Howbeit there were not made for the house of the LORD bowls of silver, snuffers, basons, trumpets, any vessels of gold, or vessels of M
silver, of the money that was brought into the house of the LORD: <span class="ver">14</span>But they gave that to the workmen, and repaired therewith the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">15</span>Moreover they reckoned not with the men, into whose hand they delivered the money to be bestowed on workmen: for they dealt faithfully. <span class="ver">16</span>The trespass money and sin money was not brought into the house of the LORD: it was the priests
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Then Hazael king ofM
Syria went up, and fought against Gath, and took it: and Hazael set his face to go up to Jerusalem. <span class="ver">18</span>And Jehoash king of Judah took all the hallowed things that Jehoshaphat, and Jehoram, and Ahaziah, his fathers, kings of Judah, had dedicated, and his own hallowed things, and all the gold that was found in the treasures of the house of the LORD, and in the king
s house, and sent it to Hazael king of Syria: and he went away from Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And the resM
t of the acts of Joash, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? <span class="ver">20</span>And his servants arose, and made a conspiracy, and slew Joash in the house of Millo, which goeth down to Silla. <span class="ver">21</span>For Jozachar the son of Shimeath, and Jehozabad the son of Shomer, his servants, smote him, and he died; and they buried him with his fathers in the city of David: and Amaziah his son reigned in his stead.
<h2 id="c13">Chapter 13</hM
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In the three and twentieth year of Joash the son of Ahaziah king of Judah Jehoahaz the son of Jehu began to reign over Israel in Samaria, and reigned seventeen years. <span class="ver">2</span>And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, and followed the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, which made Israel to sin; he departed not therefrom. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel, and he delivered them into the hand of HM
azael king of Syria, and into the hand of Ben-hadad the son of Hazael, all their days. <span class="ver">4</span>And Jehoahaz besought the LORD, and the LORD hearkened unto him: for he saw the oppression of Israel, because the king of Syria oppressed them. <span class="ver">5</span>(And the LORD gave Israel a saviour, so that they went out from under the hand of the Syrians: and the children of Israel dwelt in their tents, as beforetime. <span class="ver">6</span>Nevertheless they departed not from the sins of the M
house of Jeroboam, who made Israel sin, but walked therein: and there remained the grove also in Samaria.) <span class="ver">7</span>Neither did he leave of the people to Jehoahaz but fifty horsemen, and ten chariots, and ten thousand footmen; for the king of Syria had destroyed them, and had made them like the dust by threshing. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Now the rest of the acts of Jehoahaz, and all that he did, and his might, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? <spM
an class="ver">9</span>And Jehoahaz slept with his fathers; and they buried him in Samaria: and Joash his son reigned in his stead. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>In the thirty and seventh year of Joash king of Judah began Jehoash the son of Jehoahaz to reign over Israel in Samaria, and reigned sixteen years. <span class="ver">11</span>And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD; he departed not from all the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel sin: but he walked therein. <span classM
="ver">12</span>And the rest of the acts of Joash, and all that he did, and his might wherewith he fought against Amaziah king of Judah, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? <span class="ver">13</span>And Joash slept with his fathers; and Jeroboam sat upon his throne: and Joash was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Now Elisha was fallen sick of his sickness whereof he died. And Joash the king of Israel came down unto him, and wept M
over his face, and said, O my father, my father, the chariot of Israel, and the horsemen thereof. <span class="ver">15</span>And Elisha said unto him, Take bow and arrows. And he took unto him bow and arrows. <span class="ver">16</span>And he said to the king of Israel, Put thine hand upon the bow. And he put his hand upon it: and Elisha put his hands upon the king
s hands. <span class="ver">17</span>And he said, Open the window eastward. And he opened it. Then Elisha said, Shoot. And he shot. And he said, The arM
s deliverance, and the arrow of deliverance from Syria: for thou shalt smite the Syrians in Aphek, till thou have consumed them. <span class="ver">18</span>And he said, Take the arrows. And he took them. And he said unto the king of Israel, Smite upon the ground. And he smote thrice, and stayed. <span class="ver">19</span>And the man of God was wroth with him, and said, Thou shouldest have smitten five or six times; then hadst thou smitten Syria till thou hadst consumed it: whereas now thou shalt M
smite Syria but thrice. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And Elisha died, and they buried him. And the bands of the Moabites invaded the land at the coming in of the year. <span class="ver">21</span>And it came to pass, as they were burying a man, that, behold, they spied a band of men; and they cast the man into the sepulchre of Elisha: and when the man was let down, and touched the bones of Elisha, he revived, and stood up on his feet. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>But Hazael king of Syria oppressed IsM
rael all the days of Jehoahaz. <span class="ver">23</span>And the LORD was gracious unto them, and had compassion on them, and had respect unto them, because of his covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and would not destroy them, neither cast he them from his presence as yet. <span class="ver">24</span>So Hazael king of Syria died; and Ben-hadad his son reigned in his stead. <span class="ver">25</span>And Jehoash the son of Jehoahaz took again out of the hand of Ben-hadad the son of Hazael the cities, which he M
had taken out of the hand of Jehoahaz his father by war. Three times did Joash beat him, and recovered the cities of Israel.
<h2 id="c14">Chapter 14</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In the second year of Joash son of Jehoahaz king of Israel reigned Amaziah the son of Joash king of Judah. <span class="ver">2</span>He was twenty and five years old when he began to reign, and reigned twenty and nine years in Jerusalem. And his mother
s name was Jehoaddan of Jerusalem. <span class="ver">3</span>And he did thatM
which was right in the sight of the LORD, yet not like David his father: he did according to all things as Joash his father did. <span class="ver">4</span>Howbeit the high places were not taken away: as yet the people did sacrifice and burnt incense on the high places. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And it came to pass, as soon as the kingdom was confirmed in his hand, that he slew his servants which had slain the king his father. <span class="ver">6</span>But the children of the murderers he slew not: accordM
ing unto that which is written in the book of the law of Moses, wherein the LORD commanded, saying, The fathers shall not be put to death for the children, nor the children be put to death for the fathers; but every man shall be put to death for his own sin. <span class="ver">7</span>He slew of Edom in the valley of salt ten thousand, and took Selah by war, and called the name of it Joktheel unto this day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Then Amaziah sent messengers to Jehoash, the son of Jehoahaz son of Jehu, M
king of Israel, saying, Come, let us look one another in the face. <span class="ver">9</span>And Jehoash the king of Israel sent to Amaziah king of Judah, saying, The thistle that was in Lebanon sent to the cedar that was in Lebanon, saying, Give thy daughter to my son to wife: and there passed by a wild beast that was in Lebanon, and trode down the thistle. <span class="ver">10</span>Thou hast indeed smitten Edom, and thine heart hath lifted thee up: glory of this, and tarry at home: for why shouldest thou meddle M
to thy hurt, that thou shouldest fall, even thou, and Judah with thee? <span class="ver">11</span>But Amaziah would not hear. Therefore Jehoash king of Israel went up; and he and Amaziah king of Judah looked one another in the face at Beth-shemesh, which belongeth to Judah. <span class="ver">12</span>And Judah was put to the worse before Israel; and they fled every man to their tents. <span class="ver">13</span>And Jehoash king of Israel took Amaziah king of Judah, the son of Jehoash the son of Ahaziah, at Beth-sheM
mesh, and came to Jerusalem, and brake down the wall of Jerusalem from the gate of Ephraim unto the corner gate, four hundred cubits. <span class="ver">14</span>And he took all the gold and silver, and all the vessels that were found in the house of the LORD, and in the treasures of the king
s house, and hostages, and returned to Samaria. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Now the rest of the acts of Jehoash which he did, and his might, and how he fought with Amaziah king of Judah, are they not written in the bM
ook of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? <span class="ver">16</span>And Jehoash slept with his fathers, and was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel; and Jeroboam his son reigned in his stead. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And Amaziah the son of Joash king of Judah lived after the death of Jehoash son of Jehoahaz king of Israel fifteen years. <span class="ver">18</span>And the rest of the acts of Amaziah, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? <span class="ver">1M
9</span>Now they made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem: and he fled to Lachish; but they sent after him to Lachish, and slew him there. <span class="ver">20</span>And they brought him on horses: and he was buried at Jerusalem with his fathers in the city of David. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And all the people of Judah took Azariah, which was sixteen years old, and made him king instead of his father Amaziah. <span class="ver">22</span>He built Elath, and restored it to Judah, after that the king slepM
t with his fathers. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>In the fifteenth year of Amaziah the son of Joash king of Judah Jeroboam the son of Joash king of Israel began to reign in Samaria, and reigned forty and one years. <span class="ver">24</span>And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD: he departed not from all the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin. <span class="ver">25</span>He restored the coast of Israel from the entering of Hamath unto the sea of the plain, according toM
the word of the LORD God of Israel, which he spake by the hand of his servant Jonah, the son of Amittai, the prophet, which was of Gath-hepher. <span class="ver">26</span>For the LORD saw the affliction of Israel, that it was very bitter: for there was not any shut up, nor any left, nor any helper for Israel. <span class="ver">27</span>And the LORD said not that he would blot out the name of Israel from under heaven: but he saved them by the hand of Jeroboam the son of Joash. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>NM
ow the rest of the acts of Jeroboam, and all that he did, and his might, how he warred, and how he recovered Damascus, and Hamath, which belonged to Judah, for Israel, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? <span class="ver">29</span>And Jeroboam slept with his fathers, even with the kings of Israel; and Zachariah his son reigned in his stead.
<h2 id="c15">Chapter 15</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In the twenty and seventh year of Jeroboam king of Israel began Azariah soM
n of Amaziah king of Judah to reign. <span class="ver">2</span>Sixteen years old was he when he began to reign, and he reigned two and fifty years in Jerusalem. And his mother
s name was Jecholiah of Jerusalem. <span class="ver">3</span>And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his father Amaziah had done; <span class="ver">4</span>Save that the high places were not removed: the people sacrificed and burnt incense still on the high places. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>M
And the LORD smote the king, so that he was a leper unto the day of his death, and dwelt in a several house. And Jotham the king
s son was over the house, judging the people of the land. <span class="ver">6</span>And the rest of the acts of Azariah, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? <span class="ver">7</span>So Azariah slept with his fathers; and they buried him with his fathers in the city of David: and Jotham his son reigned in his stead. </p>
pan class="ver">8</span>In the thirty and eighth year of Azariah king of Judah did Zachariah the son of Jeroboam reign over Israel in Samaria six months. <span class="ver">9</span>And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, as his fathers had done: he departed not from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin. <span class="ver">10</span>And Shallum the son of Jabesh conspired against him, and smote him before the people, and slew him, and reigned in his stead. <span class="ver">11<M
/span>And the rest of the acts of Zachariah, behold, they are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel. <span class="ver">12</span>This was the word of the LORD which he spake unto Jehu, saying, Thy sons shall sit on the throne of Israel unto the fourth generation. And so it came to pass. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Shallum the son of Jabesh began to reign in the nine and thirtieth year of Uzziah king of Judah; and he reigned a full month in Samaria. <span class="ver">14</span>For MenahM
em the son of Gadi went up from Tirzah, and came to Samaria, and smote Shallum the son of Jabesh in Samaria, and slew him, and reigned in his stead. <span class="ver">15</span>And the rest of the acts of Shallum, and his conspiracy which he made, behold, they are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Then Menahem smote Tiphsah, and all that were therein, and the coasts thereof from Tirzah: because they opened not to him, therefore he smote it; and all theM
women therein that were with child he ripped up. <span class="ver">17</span>In the nine and thirtieth year of Azariah king of Judah began Menahem the son of Gadi to reign over Israel, and reigned ten years in Samaria. <span class="ver">18</span>And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD: he departed not all his days from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin. <span class="ver">19</span>And Pul the king of Assyria came against the land: and Menahem gave Pul a thousand talents ofM
silver, that his hand might be with him to confirm the kingdom in his hand. <span class="ver">20</span>And Menahem exacted the money of Israel, even of all the mighty men of wealth, of each man fifty shekels of silver, to give to the king of Assyria. So the king of Assyria turned back, and stayed not there in the land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And the rest of the acts of Menahem, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? <span class="ver">22</span>AM
nd Menahem slept with his fathers; and Pekahiah his son reigned in his stead. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>In the fiftieth year of Azariah king of Judah Pekahiah the son of Menahem began to reign over Israel in Samaria, and reigned two years. <span class="ver">24</span>And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD: he departed not from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin. <span class="ver">25</span>But Pekah the son of Remaliah, a captain of his, conspired against him, anM
d smote him in Samaria, in the palace of the king
s house, with Argob and Arieh, and with him fifty men of the Gileadites: and he killed him, and reigned in his room. <span class="ver">26</span>And the rest of the acts of Pekahiah, and all that he did, behold, they are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>In the two and fiftieth year of Azariah king of Judah Pekah the son of Remaliah began to reign over Israel in Samaria, and reigned twenty years. <spaM
n class="ver">28</span>And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD: he departed not from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin. <span class="ver">29</span>In the days of Pekah king of Israel came Tiglath-pileser king of Assyria, and took Ijon, and Abel-beth-maachah, and Janoah, and Kedesh, and Hazor, and Gilead, and Galilee, all the land of Naphtali, and carried them captive to Assyria. <span class="ver">30</span>And Hoshea the son of Elah made a conspiracy against Pekah the son M
of Remaliah, and smote him, and slew him, and reigned in his stead, in the twentieth year of Jotham the son of Uzziah. <span class="ver">31</span>And the rest of the acts of Pekah, and all that he did, behold, they are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>In the second year of Pekah the son of Remaliah king of Israel began Jotham the son of Uzziah king of Judah to reign. <span class="ver">33</span>Five and twenty years old was he when he began to reign, M
and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. And his mother
s name was Jerusha, the daughter of Zadok. <span class="ver">34</span>And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD: he did according to all that his father Uzziah had done. </p>
<p><span class="ver">35</span>Howbeit the high places were not removed: the people sacrificed and burned incense still in the high places. He built the higher gate of the house of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">36</span>Now the rest of the acts of Jotham, and aM
ll that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? <span class="ver">37</span>In those days the LORD began to send against Judah Rezin the king of Syria, and Pekah the son of Remaliah. <span class="ver">38</span>And Jotham slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in the city of David his father: and Ahaz his son reigned in his stead.
<h2 id="c16">Chapter 16</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In the seventeenth year of Pekah the son of Remaliah Ahaz the son M
of Jotham king of Judah began to reign. <span class="ver">2</span>Twenty years old was Ahaz when he began to reign, and reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem, and did not that which was right in the sight of the LORD his God, like David his father. <span class="ver">3</span>But he walked in the way of the kings of Israel, yea, and made his son to pass through the fire, according to the abominations of the heathen, whom the LORD cast out from before the children of Israel. <span class="ver">4</span>And he sacrificed anM
d burnt incense in the high places, and on the hills, and under every green tree. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Then Rezin king of Syria and Pekah son of Remaliah king of Israel came up to Jerusalem to war: and they besieged Ahaz, but could not overcome him. <span class="ver">6</span>At that time Rezin king of Syria recovered Elath to Syria, and drave the Jews from Elath: and the Syrians came to Elath, and dwelt there unto this day. <span class="ver">7</span>So Ahaz sent messengers to Tiglath-pileser king of M
Assyria, saying, I am thy servant and thy son: come up, and save me out of the hand of the king of Syria, and out of the hand of the king of Israel, which rise up against me. <span class="ver">8</span>And Ahaz took the silver and gold that was found in the house of the LORD, and in the treasures of the king
s house, and sent it for a present to the king of Assyria. <span class="ver">9</span>And the king of Assyria hearkened unto him: for the king of Assyria went up against Damascus, and took it, and carried the pM
eople of it captive to Kir, and slew Rezin. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And king Ahaz went to Damascus to meet Tiglath-pileser king of Assyria, and saw an altar that was at Damascus: and king Ahaz sent to Urijah the priest the fashion of the altar, and the pattern of it, according to all the workmanship thereof. <span class="ver">11</span>And Urijah the priest built an altar according to all that king Ahaz had sent from Damascus: so Urijah the priest made it against king Ahaz came from Damascus. <span clasM
s="ver">12</span>And when the king was come from Damascus, the king saw the altar: and the king approached to the altar, and offered thereon. <span class="ver">13</span>And he burnt his burnt offering and his meat offering, and poured his drink offering, and sprinkled the blood of his peace offerings, upon the altar. <span class="ver">14</span>And he brought also the brasen altar, which was before the LORD, from the forefront of the house, from between the altar and the house of the LORD, and put it on the north siM
de of the altar. <span class="ver">15</span>And king Ahaz commanded Urijah the priest, saying, Upon the great altar burn the morning burnt offering, and the evening meat offering, and the king
s burnt sacrifice, and his meat offering, with the burnt offering of all the people of the land, and their meat offering, and their drink offerings; and sprinkle upon it all the blood of the burnt offering, and all the blood of the sacrifice: and the brasen altar shall be for me to enquire by. <span class="ver">16</span>ThuM
s did Urijah the priest, according to all that king Ahaz commanded. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And king Ahaz cut off the borders of the bases, and removed the laver from off them; and took down the sea from off the brasen oxen that were under it, and put it upon a pavement of stones. <span class="ver">18</span>And the covert for the sabbath that they had built in the house, and the king
s entry without, turned he from the house of the LORD for the king of Assyria. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>NoM
w the rest of the acts of Ahaz which he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? <span class="ver">20</span>And Ahaz slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in the city of David: and Hezekiah his son reigned in his stead.
<h2 id="c17">Chapter 17</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In the twelfth year of Ahaz king of Judah began Hoshea the son of Elah to reign in Samaria over Israel nine years. <span class="ver">2</span>And he did that which was evil in the sM
ight of the LORD, but not as the kings of Israel that were before him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria; and Hoshea became his servant, and gave him presents. <span class="ver">4</span>And the king of Assyria found conspiracy in Hoshea: for he had sent messengers to So king of Egypt, and brought no present to the king of Assyria, as he had done year by year: therefore the king of Assyria shut him up, and bound him in prison. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>ThenM
the king of Assyria came up throughout all the land, and went up to Samaria, and besieged it three years. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>In the ninth year of Hoshea the king of Assyria took Samaria, and carried Israel away into Assyria, and placed them in Halah and in Habor by the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes. <span class="ver">7</span>For so it was, that the children of Israel had sinned against the LORD their God, which had brought them up out of the land of Egypt, from under the hand of PM
haraoh king of Egypt, and had feared other gods, <span class="ver">8</span>And walked in the statutes of the heathen, whom the LORD cast out from before the children of Israel, and of the kings of Israel, which they had made. <span class="ver">9</span>And the children of Israel did secretly those things that were not right against the LORD their God, and they built them high places in all their cities, from the tower of the watchmen to the fenced city. <span class="ver">10</span>And they set them up images and grovM
es in every high hill, and under every green tree: <span class="ver">11</span>And there they burnt incense in all the high places, as did the heathen whom the LORD carried away before them; and wrought wicked things to provoke the LORD to anger: <span class="ver">12</span>For they served idols, whereof the LORD had said unto them, Ye shall not do this thing. <span class="ver">13</span>Yet the LORD testified against Israel, and against Judah, by all the prophets, and by all the seers, saying, Turn ye from your evil M
ways, and keep my commandments and my statutes, according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my servants the prophets. <span class="ver">14</span>Notwithstanding they would not hear, but hardened their necks, like to the neck of their fathers, that did not believe in the LORD their God. <span class="ver">15</span>And they rejected his statutes, and his covenant that he made with their fathers, and his testimonies which he testified against them; and they followed vanity, and bM
ecame vain, and went after the heathen that were round about them, concerning whom the LORD had charged them, that they should not do like them. <span class="ver">16</span>And they left all the commandments of the LORD their God, and made them molten images, even two calves, and made a grove, and worshipped all the host of heaven, and served Baal. <span class="ver">17</span>And they caused their sons and their daughters to pass through the fire, and used divination and enchantments, and sold themselves to do evil iM
n the sight of the LORD, to provoke him to anger. <span class="ver">18</span>Therefore the LORD was very angry with Israel, and removed them out of his sight: there was none left but the tribe of Judah only. <span class="ver">19</span>Also Judah kept not the commandments of the LORD their God, but walked in the statutes of Israel which they made. <span class="ver">20</span>And the LORD rejected all the seed of Israel, and afflicted them, and delivered them into the hand of spoilers, until he had cast them out of hiM
s sight. <span class="ver">21</span>For he rent Israel from the house of David; and they made Jeroboam the son of Nebat king: and Jeroboam drave Israel from following the LORD, and made them sin a great sin. <span class="ver">22</span>For the children of Israel walked in all the sins of Jeroboam which he did; they departed not from them; <span class="ver">23</span>Until the LORD removed Israel out of his sight, as he had said by all his servants the prophets. So was Israel carried away out of their own land to AssyM
ria unto this day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And the king of Assyria brought men from Babylon, and from Cuthah, and from Ava, and from Hamath, and from Sepharvaim, and placed them in the cities of Samaria instead of the children of Israel: and they possessed Samaria, and dwelt in the cities thereof. <span class="ver">25</span>And so it was at the beginning of their dwelling there, that they feared not the LORD: therefore the LORD sent lions among them, which slew some of them. <span class="ver">26</span>M
Wherefore they spake to the king of Assyria, saying, The nations which thou hast removed, and placed in the cities of Samaria, know not the manner of the God of the land: therefore he hath sent lions among them, and, behold, they slay them, because they know not the manner of the God of the land. <span class="ver">27</span>Then the king of Assyria commanded, saying, Carry thither one of the priests whom ye brought from thence; and let them go and dwell there, and let him teach them the manner of the God of the landM
. <span class="ver">28</span>Then one of the priests whom they had carried away from Samaria came and dwelt in Beth-el, and taught them how they should fear the LORD. <span class="ver">29</span>Howbeit every nation made gods of their own, and put them in the houses of the high places which the Samaritans had made, every nation in their cities wherein they dwelt. <span class="ver">30</span>And the men of Babylon made Succoth-benoth, and the men of Cuth made Nergal, and the men of Hamath made Ashima, <span class="verM
">31</span>And the Avites made Nibhaz and Tartak, and the Sepharvites burnt their children in fire to Adrammelech and Anammelech, the gods of Sepharvaim. <span class="ver">32</span>So they feared the LORD, and made unto themselves of the lowest of them priests of the high places, which sacrificed for them in the houses of the high places. <span class="ver">33</span>They feared the LORD, and served their own gods, after the manner of the nations whom they carried away from thence. <span class="ver">34</span>Unto thiM
s day they do after the former manners: they fear not the LORD, neither do they after their statutes, or after their ordinances, or after the law and commandment which the LORD commanded the children of Jacob, whom he named Israel; <span class="ver">35</span>With whom the LORD had made a covenant, and charged them, saying, Ye shall not fear other gods, nor bow yourselves to them, nor serve them, nor sacrifice to them: <span class="ver">36</span>But the LORD, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt with great poM
wer and a stretched out arm, him shall ye fear, and him shall ye worship, and to him shall ye do sacrifice. <span class="ver">37</span>And the statutes, and the ordinances, and the law, and the commandment, which he wrote for you, ye shall observe to do for evermore; and ye shall not fear other gods. <span class="ver">38</span>And the covenant that I have made with you ye shall not forget; neither shall ye fear other gods. <span class="ver">39</span>But the LORD your God ye shall fear; and he shall deliver you out M
of the hand of all your enemies. <span class="ver">40</span>Howbeit they did not hearken, but they did after their former manner. <span class="ver">41</span>So these nations feared the LORD, and served their graven images, both their children, and their children
s children: as did their fathers, so do they unto this day.
<h2 id="c18">Chapter 18</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now it came to pass in the third year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, that Hezekiah the son of Ahaz king of Judah began to reM
ign. <span class="ver">2</span>Twenty and five years old was he when he began to reign; and he reigned twenty and nine years in Jerusalem. His mother
s name also was Abi, the daughter of Zachariah. <span class="ver">3</span>And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, according to all that David his father did. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>He removed the high places, and brake the images, and cut down the groves, and brake in pieces the brasen serpent that Moses had made: for unto those days tM
he children of Israel did burn incense to it: and he called it Nehushtan. <span class="ver">5</span>He trusted in the LORD God of Israel; so that after him was none like him among all the kings of Judah, nor any that were before him. <span class="ver">6</span>For he clave to the LORD, and departed not from following him, but kept his commandments, which the LORD commanded Moses. <span class="ver">7</span>And the LORD was with him; and he prospered whithersoever he went forth: and he rebelled against the king of AssM
yria, and served him not. <span class="ver">8</span>He smote the Philistines, even unto Gaza, and the borders thereof, from the tower of the watchmen to the fenced city. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Hezekiah, which was the seventh year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, that Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up against Samaria, and besieged it. <span class="ver">10</span>And at the end of three years they took it: even in the sixth year of Hezekiah, that is thM
e ninth year of Hoshea king of Israel, Samaria was taken. <span class="ver">11</span>And the king of Assyria did carry away Israel unto Assyria, and put them in Halah and in Habor by the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes: <span class="ver">12</span>Because they obeyed not the voice of the LORD their God, but transgressed his covenant, and all that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded, and would not hear them, nor do them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Now in the fourteenth year of king HezekiM
ah did Sennacherib king of Assyria come up against all the fenced cities of Judah, and took them. <span class="ver">14</span>And Hezekiah king of Judah sent to the king of Assyria to Lachish, saying, I have offended; return from me: that which thou puttest on me will I bear. And the king of Assyria appointed unto Hezekiah king of Judah three hundred talents of silver and thirty talents of gold. <span class="ver">15</span>And Hezekiah gave him all the silver that was found in the house of the LORD, and in the treasuM
s house. <span class="ver">16</span>At that time did Hezekiah cut off the gold from the doors of the temple of the LORD, and from the pillars which Hezekiah king of Judah had overlaid, and gave it to the king of Assyria. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And the king of Assyria sent Tartan and Rabsaris and Rab-shakeh from Lachish to king Hezekiah with a great host against Jerusalem. And they went up and came to Jerusalem. And when they were come up, they came and stood by the conduit of the uppM
er pool, which is in the highway of the fuller
s field. <span class="ver">18</span>And when they had called to the king, there came out to them Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, which was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah the son of Asaph the recorder. <span class="ver">19</span>And Rab-shakeh said unto them, Speak ye now to Hezekiah, Thus saith the great king, the king of Assyria, What confidence is this wherein thou trustest? <span class="ver">20</span>Thou sayest, (but they are but vain words,) I hM
ave counsel and strength for the war. Now on whom dost thou trust, that thou rebellest against me? <span class="ver">21</span>Now, behold, thou trustest upon the staff of this bruised reed, even upon Egypt, on which if a man lean, it will go into his hand, and pierce it: so is Pharaoh king of Egypt unto all that trust on him. <span class="ver">22</span>But if ye say unto me, We trust in the LORD our God: is not that he, whose high places and whose altars Hezekiah hath taken away, and hath said to Judah and JerusaleM
m, Ye shall worship before this altar in Jerusalem? <span class="ver">23</span>Now therefore, I pray thee, give pledges to my lord the king of Assyria, and I will deliver thee two thousand horses, if thou be able on thy part to set riders upon them. <span class="ver">24</span>How then wilt thou turn away the face of one captain of the least of my master
s servants, and put thy trust on Egypt for chariots and for horsemen? <span class="ver">25</span>Am I now come up without the LORD against this place to destroy iM
t? The LORD said to me, Go up against this land, and destroy it. <span class="ver">26</span>Then said Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, and Shebna, and Joah, unto Rab-shakeh, Speak, I pray thee, to thy servants in the Syrian language; for we understand it: and talk not with us in the Jews
language in the ears of the people that are on the wall. <span class="ver">27</span>But Rab-shakeh said unto them, Hath my master sent me to thy master, and to thee, to speak these words? hath he not sent me to the men which sit on tM
he wall, that they may eat their own dung, and drink their own piss with you? <span class="ver">28</span>Then Rab-shakeh stood and cried with a loud voice in the Jews
language, and spake, saying, Hear the word of the great king, the king of Assyria: <span class="ver">29</span>Thus saith the king, Let not Hezekiah deceive you: for he shall not be able to deliver you out of his hand: <span class="ver">30</span>Neither let Hezekiah make you trust in the LORD, saying, The LORD will surely deliver us, and this city sM
hall not be delivered into the hand of the king of Assyria. <span class="ver">31</span>Hearken not to Hezekiah: for thus saith the king of Assyria, Make an agreement with me by a present, and come out to me, and then eat ye every man of his own vine, and every one of his fig tree, and drink ye every one the waters of his cistern: <span class="ver">32</span>Until I come and take you away to a land like your own land, a land of corn and wine, a land of bread and vineyards, a land of oil olive and of honey, that ye maM
y live, and not die: and hearken not unto Hezekiah, when he persuadeth you, saying, The LORD will deliver us. <span class="ver">33</span>Hath any of the gods of the nations delivered at all his land out of the hand of the king of Assyria? <span class="ver">34</span>Where are the gods of Hamath, and of Arpad? where are the gods of Sepharvaim, Hena, and Ivah? have they delivered Samaria out of mine hand? <span class="ver">35</span>Who are they among all the gods of the countries, that have delivered their country outM
of mine hand, that the LORD should deliver Jerusalem out of mine hand? <span class="ver">36</span>But the people held their peace, and answered him not a word: for the king
s commandment was, saying, Answer him not. <span class="ver">37</span>Then came Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, which was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and Joah the son of Asaph the recorder, to Hezekiah with their clothes rent, and told him the words of Rab-shakeh.
<h2 id="c19">Chapter 19</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And M
it came to pass, when king Hezekiah heard it, that he rent his clothes, and covered himself with sackcloth, and went into the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">2</span>And he sent Eliakim, which was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and the elders of the priests, covered with sackcloth, to Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz. <span class="ver">3</span>And they said unto him, Thus saith Hezekiah, This day is a day of trouble, and of rebuke, and blasphemy: for the children are come to the birth, and there M
is not strength to bring forth. <span class="ver">4</span>It may be the LORD thy God will hear all the words of Rab-shakeh, whom the king of Assyria his master hath sent to reproach the living God; and will reprove the words which the LORD thy God hath heard: wherefore lift up thy prayer for the remnant that are left. <span class="ver">5</span>So the servants of king Hezekiah came to Isaiah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And Isaiah said unto them, Thus shall ye say to your master, Thus saith the LORD, Be not M
afraid of the words which thou hast heard, with which the servants of the king of Assyria have blasphemed me. <span class="ver">7</span>Behold, I will send a blast upon him, and he shall hear a rumour, and shall return to his own land; and I will cause him to fall by the sword in his own land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>So Rab-shakeh returned, and found the king of Assyria warring against Libnah: for he had heard that he was departed from Lachish. <span class="ver">9</span>And when he heard say of TirhakahM
king of Ethiopia, Behold, he is come out to fight against thee: he sent messengers again unto Hezekiah, saying, <span class="ver">10</span>Thus shall ye speak to Hezekiah king of Judah, saying, Let not thy God in whom thou trustest deceive thee, saying, Jerusalem shall not be delivered into the hand of the king of Assyria. <span class="ver">11</span>Behold, thou hast heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all lands, by destroying them utterly: and shalt thou be delivered? <span class="ver">12</span>Have the M
gods of the nations delivered them which my fathers have destroyed; as Gozan, and Haran, and Rezeph, and the children of Eden which were in Thelasar? <span class="ver">13</span>Where is the king of Hamath, and the king of Arpad, and the king of the city of Sepharvaim, of Hena, and Ivah? </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And Hezekiah received the letter of the hand of the messengers, and read it: and Hezekiah went up into the house of the LORD, and spread it before the LORD. <span class="ver">15</span>And HezekiaM
h prayed before the LORD, and said, O LORD God of Israel, which dwellest between the cherubims, thou art the God, even thou alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth; thou hast made heaven and earth. <span class="ver">16</span>LORD, bow down thine ear, and hear: open, LORD, thine eyes, and see: and hear the words of Sennacherib, which hath sent him to reproach the living God. <span class="ver">17</span>Of a truth, LORD, the kings of Assyria have destroyed the nations and their lands, <span class="ver">18</span>And haM
ve cast their gods into the fire: for they were no gods, but the work of men
s hands, wood and stone: therefore they have destroyed them. <span class="ver">19</span>Now therefore, O LORD our God, I beseech thee, save thou us out of his hand, that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that thou art the LORD God, even thou only. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Then Isaiah the son of Amoz sent to Hezekiah, saying, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, That which thou hast prayed to me against Sennacherib king of M
Assyria I have heard. <span class="ver">21</span>This is the word that the LORD hath spoken concerning him; The virgin the daughter of Zion hath despised thee, and laughed thee to scorn; the daughter of Jerusalem hath shaken her head at thee. <span class="ver">22</span>Whom hast thou reproached and blasphemed? and against whom hast thou exalted thy voice, and lifted up thine eyes on high? even against the Holy One of Israel. <span class="ver">23</span>By thy messengers thou hast reproached the Lord, and hast said, M
With the multitude of my chariots I am come up to the height of the mountains, to the sides of Lebanon, and will cut down the tall cedar trees thereof, and the choice fir trees thereof: and I will enter into the lodgings of his borders, and into the forest of his Carmel. <span class="ver">24</span>I have digged and drunk strange waters, and with the sole of my feet have I dried up all the rivers of besieged places. <span class="ver">25</span>Hast thou not heard long ago how I have done it, and of ancient times thatM
I have formed it? now have I brought it to pass, that thou shouldest be to lay waste fenced cities into ruinous heaps. <span class="ver">26</span>Therefore their inhabitants were of small power, they were dismayed and confounded; they were as the grass of the field, and as the green herb, as the grass on the housetops, and as corn blasted before it be grown up. <span class="ver">27</span>But I know thy abode, and thy going out, and thy coming in, and thy rage against me. <span class="ver">28</span>Because thy rageM
against me and thy tumult is come up into mine ears, therefore I will put my hook in thy nose, and my bridle in thy lips, and I will turn thee back by the way by which thou camest. <span class="ver">29</span>And this shall be a sign unto thee, Ye shall eat this year such things as grow of themselves, and in the second year that which springeth of the same; and in the third year sow ye, and reap, and plant vineyards, and eat the fruits thereof. <span class="ver">30</span>And the remnant that is escaped of the houseM
of Judah shall yet again take root downward, and bear fruit upward. <span class="ver">31</span>For out of Jerusalem shall go forth a remnant, and they that escape out of mount Zion: the zeal of the LORD of hosts shall do this. <span class="ver">32</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD concerning the king of Assyria, He shall not come into this city, nor shoot an arrow there, nor come before it with shield, nor cast a bank against it. <span class="ver">33</span>By the way that he came, by the same shall he return, aM
nd shall not come into this city, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">34</span>For I will defend this city, to save it, for mine own sake, and for my servant David
<p><span class="ver">35</span>And it came to pass that night, that the angel of the LORD went out, and smote in the camp of the Assyrians an hundred fourscore and five thousand: and when they arose early in the morning, behold, they were all dead corpses. <span class="ver">36</span>So Sennacherib king of Assyria departed, and went and retuM
rned, and dwelt at Nineveh. <span class="ver">37</span>And it came to pass, as he was worshipping in the house of Nisroch his god, that Adrammelech and Sharezer his sons smote him with the sword: and they escaped into the land of Armenia. And Esar-haddon his son reigned in his stead.
<h2 id="c20">Chapter 20</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In those days was Hezekiah sick unto death. And the prophet Isaiah the son of Amoz came to him, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Set thine house in order; for thou M
shalt die, and not live. <span class="ver">2</span>Then he turned his face to the wall, and prayed unto the LORD, saying, <span class="ver">3</span>I beseech thee, O LORD, remember now how I have walked before thee in truth and with a perfect heart, and have done that which is good in thy sight. And Hezekiah wept sore. <span class="ver">4</span>And it came to pass, afore Isaiah was gone out into the middle court, that the word of the LORD came to him, saying, <span class="ver">5</span>Turn again, and tell Hezekiah M
the captain of my people, Thus saith the LORD, the God of David thy father, I have heard thy prayer, I have seen thy tears: behold, I will heal thee: on the third day thou shalt go up unto the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">6</span>And I will add unto thy days fifteen years; and I will deliver thee and this city out of the hand of the king of Assyria; and I will defend this city for mine own sake, and for my servant David
s sake. <span class="ver">7</span>And Isaiah said, Take a lump of figs. And they took M
and laid it on the boil, and he recovered. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And Hezekiah said unto Isaiah, What shall be the sign that the LORD will heal me, and that I shall go up into the house of the LORD the third day? <span class="ver">9</span>And Isaiah said, This sign shalt thou have of the LORD, that the LORD will do the thing that he hath spoken: shall the shadow go forward ten degrees, or go back ten degrees? <span class="ver">10</span>And Hezekiah answered, It is a light thing for the shadow to go dowM
n ten degrees: nay, but let the shadow return backward ten degrees. <span class="ver">11</span>And Isaiah the prophet cried unto the LORD: and he brought the shadow ten degrees backward, by which it had gone down in the dial of Ahaz. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>At that time Berodach-baladan, the son of Baladan, king of Babylon, sent letters and a present unto Hezekiah: for he had heard that Hezekiah had been sick. <span class="ver">13</span>And Hezekiah hearkened unto them, and shewed them all the house ofM
his precious things, the silver, and the gold, and the spices, and the precious ointment, and all the house of his armour, and all that was found in his treasures: there was nothing in his house, nor in all his dominion, that Hezekiah shewed them not. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Then came Isaiah the prophet unto king Hezekiah, and said unto him, What said these men? and from whence came they unto thee? And Hezekiah said, They are come from a far country, even from Babylon. <span class="ver">15</span>And hM
e said, What have they seen in thine house? And Hezekiah answered, All the things that are in mine house have they seen: there is nothing among my treasures that I have not shewed them. <span class="ver">16</span>And Isaiah said unto Hezekiah, Hear the word of the LORD. <span class="ver">17</span>Behold, the days come, that all that is in thine house, and that which thy fathers have laid up in store unto this day, shall be carried into Babylon: nothing shall be left, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">18</span>And oM
f thy sons that shall issue from thee, which thou shalt beget, shall they take away; and they shall be eunuchs in the palace of the king of Babylon. <span class="ver">19</span>Then said Hezekiah unto Isaiah, Good is the word of the LORD which thou hast spoken. And he said, Is it not good, if peace and truth be in my days? </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And the rest of the acts of Hezekiah, and all his might, and how he made a pool, and a conduit, and brought water into the city, are they not written in the boM
ok of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? <span class="ver">21</span>And Hezekiah slept with his fathers: and Manasseh his son reigned in his stead.
<h2 id="c21">Chapter 21</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Manasseh was twelve years old when he began to reign, and reigned fifty and five years in Jerusalem. And his mother
s name was Hephzi-bah. <span class="ver">2</span>And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, after the abominations of the heathen, whom the LORD cast out before the childrenM
of Israel. <span class="ver">3</span>For he built up again the high places which Hezekiah his father had destroyed; and he reared up altars for Baal, and made a grove, as did Ahab king of Israel; and worshipped all the host of heaven, and served them. <span class="ver">4</span>And he built altars in the house of the LORD, of which the LORD said, In Jerusalem will I put my name. <span class="ver">5</span>And he built altars for all the host of heaven in the two courts of the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">6</M
span>And he made his son pass through the fire, and observed times, and used enchantments, and dealt with familiar spirits and wizards: he wrought much wickedness in the sight of the LORD, to provoke him to anger. <span class="ver">7</span>And he set a graven image of the grove that he had made in the house, of which the LORD said to David, and to Solomon his son, In this house, and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all tribes of Israel, will I put my name for ever: <span class="ver">8</span>Neither will I mM
ake the feet of Israel move any more out of the land which I gave their fathers; only if they will observe to do according to all that I have commanded them, and according to all the law that my servant Moses commanded them. <span class="ver">9</span>But they hearkened not: and Manasseh seduced them to do more evil than did the nations whom the LORD destroyed before the children of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And the LORD spake by his servants the prophets, saying, <span class="ver">11</span>BecausM
e Manasseh king of Judah hath done these abominations, and hath done wickedly above all that the Amorites did, which were before him, and hath made Judah also to sin with his idols: <span class="ver">12</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Behold, I am bringing such evil upon Jerusalem and Judah, that whosoever heareth of it, both his ears shall tingle. <span class="ver">13</span>And I will stretch over Jerusalem the line of Samaria, and the plummet of the house of Ahab: and I will wipe Jerusalem as aM
man wipeth a dish, wiping it, and turning it upside down. <span class="ver">14</span>And I will forsake the remnant of mine inheritance, and deliver them into the hand of their enemies; and they shall become a prey and a spoil to all their enemies; <span class="ver">15</span>Because they have done that which was evil in my sight, and have provoked me to anger, since the day their fathers came forth out of Egypt, even unto this day. <span class="ver">16</span>Moreover Manasseh shed innocent blood very much, till heM
had filled Jerusalem from one end to another; beside his sin wherewith he made Judah to sin, in doing that which was evil in the sight of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Now the rest of the acts of Manasseh, and all that he did, and his sin that he sinned, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? <span class="ver">18</span>And Manasseh slept with his fathers, and was buried in the garden of his own house, in the garden of Uzza: and Amon his son reigned in his stead. M
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Amon was twenty and two years old when he began to reign, and he reigned two years in Jerusalem. And his mother
s name was Meshullemeth, the daughter of Haruz of Jotbah. <span class="ver">20</span>And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, as his father Manasseh did. <span class="ver">21</span>And he walked in all the way that his father walked in, and served the idols that his father served, and worshipped them: <span class="ver">22</span>And he forsook the LORDM
God of his fathers, and walked not in the way of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And the servants of Amon conspired against him, and slew the king in his own house. <span class="ver">24</span>And the people of the land slew all them that had conspired against king Amon; and the people of the land made Josiah his son king in his stead. <span class="ver">25</span>Now the rest of the acts of Amon which he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? <span class="ver">2M
6</span>And he was buried in his sepulchre in the garden of Uzza: and Josiah his son reigned in his stead.
<h2 id="c22">Chapter 22</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Josiah was eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned thirty and one years in Jerusalem. And his mother
s name was Jedidah, the daughter of Adaiah of Boscath. <span class="ver">2</span>And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, and walked in all the way of David his father, and turned not aside to the right hand or to M
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And it came to pass in the eighteenth year of king Josiah, that the king sent Shaphan the son of Azaliah, the son of Meshullam, the scribe, to the house of the LORD, saying, <span class="ver">4</span>Go up to Hilkiah the high priest, that he may sum the silver which is brought into the house of the LORD, which the keepers of the door have gathered of the people: <span class="ver">5</span>And let them deliver it into the hand of the doers of the work, that have the oversM
ight of the house of the LORD: and let them give it to the doers of the work which is in the house of the LORD, to repair the breaches of the house, <span class="ver">6</span>Unto carpenters, and builders, and masons, and to buy timber and hewn stone to repair the house. <span class="ver">7</span>Howbeit there was no reckoning made with them of the money that was delivered into their hand, because they dealt faithfully. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And Hilkiah the high priest said unto Shaphan the scribe, I M
have found the book of the law in the house of the LORD. And Hilkiah gave the book to Shaphan, and he read it. <span class="ver">9</span>And Shaphan the scribe came to the king, and brought the king word again, and said, Thy servants have gathered the money that was found in the house, and have delivered it into the hand of them that do the work, that have the oversight of the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">10</span>And Shaphan the scribe shewed the king, saying, Hilkiah the priest hath delivered me a book. AM
nd Shaphan read it before the king. <span class="ver">11</span>And it came to pass, when the king had heard the words of the book of the law, that he rent his clothes. <span class="ver">12</span>And the king commanded Hilkiah the priest, and Ahikam the son of Shaphan, and Achbor the son of Michaiah, and Shaphan the scribe, and Asahiah a servant of the king
s, saying, <span class="ver">13</span>Go ye, enquire of the LORD for me, and for the people, and for all Judah, concerning the words of this book that is foundM
: for great is the wrath of the LORD that is kindled against us, because our fathers have not hearkened unto the words of this book, to do according unto all that which is written concerning us. <span class="ver">14</span>So Hilkiah the priest, and Ahikam, and Achbor, and Shaphan, and Asahiah, went unto Huldah the prophetess, the wife of Shallum the son of Tikvah, the son of Harhas, keeper of the wardrobe; (now she dwelt in Jerusalem in the college;) and they communed with her. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>M
And she said unto them, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Tell the man that sent you to me, <span class="ver">16</span>Thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will bring evil upon this place, and upon the inhabitants thereof, even all the words of the book which the king of Judah hath read: <span class="ver">17</span>Because they have forsaken me, and have burned incense unto other gods, that they might provoke me to anger with all the works of their hands; therefore my wrath shall be kindled against this place, and shall M
not be quenched. <span class="ver">18</span>But to the king of Judah which sent you to enquire of the LORD, thus shall ye say to him, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, As touching the words which thou hast heard; <span class="ver">19</span>Because thine heart was tender, and thou hast humbled thyself before the LORD, when thou heardest what I spake against this place, and against the inhabitants thereof, that they should become a desolation and a curse, and hast rent thy clothes, and wept before me; I also have heM
ard thee, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">20</span>Behold therefore, I will gather thee unto thy fathers, and thou shalt be gathered into thy grave in peace; and thine eyes shall not see all the evil which I will bring upon this place. And they brought the king word again.
<h2 id="c23">Chapter 23</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the king sent, and they gathered unto him all the elders of Judah and of Jerusalem. <span class="ver">2</span>And the king went up into the house of the LORD, and all the men oM
f Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem with him, and the priests, and the prophets, and all the people, both small and great: and he read in their ears all the words of the book of the covenant which was found in the house of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And the king stood by a pillar, and made a covenant before the LORD, to walk after the LORD, and to keep his commandments and his testimonies and his statutes with all their heart and all their soul, to perform the words of this covenant thatM
were written in this book. And all the people stood to the covenant. <span class="ver">4</span>And the king commanded Hilkiah the high priest, and the priests of the second order, and the keepers of the door, to bring forth out of the temple of the LORD all the vessels that were made for Baal, and for the grove, and for all the host of heaven: and he burned them without Jerusalem in the fields of Kidron, and carried the ashes of them unto Beth-el. <span class="ver">5</span>And he put down the idolatrous priests, wM
hom the kings of Judah had ordained to burn incense in the high places in the cities of Judah, and in the places round about Jerusalem; them also that burned incense unto Baal, to the sun, and to the moon, and to the planets, and to all the host of heaven. <span class="ver">6</span>And he brought out the grove from the house of the LORD, without Jerusalem, unto the brook Kidron, and burned it at the brook Kidron, and stamped it small to powder, and cast the powder thereof upon the graves of the children of the peopM
le. <span class="ver">7</span>And he brake down the houses of the sodomites, that were by the house of the LORD, where the women wove hangings for the grove. <span class="ver">8</span>And he brought all the priests out of the cities of Judah, and defiled the high places where the priests had burned incense, from Geba to Beer-sheba, and brake down the high places of the gates that were in the entering in of the gate of Joshua the governor of the city, which were on a man
s left hand at the gate of the city. <span M
class="ver">9</span>Nevertheless the priests of the high places came not up to the altar of the LORD in Jerusalem, but they did eat of the unleavened bread among their brethren. <span class="ver">10</span>And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech. <span class="ver">11</span>And he took away the horses that the kings of Judah had given to the sun, at the entering in of the house of the LORD, by the chambM
er of Nathan-melech the chamberlain, which was in the suburbs, and burned the chariots of the sun with fire. <span class="ver">12</span>And the altars that were on the top of the upper chamber of Ahaz, which the kings of Judah had made, and the altars which Manasseh had made in the two courts of the house of the LORD, did the king beat down, and brake them down from thence, and cast the dust of them into the brook Kidron. <span class="ver">13</span>And the high places that were before Jerusalem, which were on the rM
ight hand of the mount of corruption, which Solomon the king of Israel had builded for Ashtoreth the abomination of the Zidonians, and for Chemosh the abomination of the Moabites, and for Milcom the abomination of the children of Ammon, did the king defile. <span class="ver">14</span>And he brake in pieces the images, and cut down the groves, and filled their places with the bones of men. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Moreover the altar that was at Beth-el, and the high place which Jeroboam the son of Nebat,M
who made Israel to sin, had made, both that altar and the high place he brake down, and burned the high place, and stamped it small to powder, and burned the grove. <span class="ver">16</span>And as Josiah turned himself, he spied the sepulchres that were there in the mount, and sent, and took the bones out of the sepulchres, and burned them upon the altar, and polluted it, according to the word of the LORD which the man of God proclaimed, who proclaimed these words. <span class="ver">17</span>Then he said, What tM
itle is that that I see? And the men of the city told him, It is the sepulchre of the man of God, which came from Judah, and proclaimed these things that thou hast done against the altar of Beth-el. <span class="ver">18</span>And he said, Let him alone; let no man move his bones. So they let his bones alone, with the bones of the prophet that came out of Samaria. <span class="ver">19</span>And all the houses also of the high places that were in the cities of Samaria, which the kings of Israel had made to provoke thM
e Lord to anger, Josiah took away, and did to them according to all the acts that he had done in Beth-el. <span class="ver">20</span>And he slew all the priests of the high places that were there upon the altars, and burned men
s bones upon them, and returned to Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And the king commanded all the people, saying, Keep the passover unto the LORD your God, as it is written in the book of this covenant. <span class="ver">22</span>Surely there was not holden such a passover M
from the days of the judges that judged Israel, nor in all the days of the kings of Israel, nor of the kings of Judah; <span class="ver">23</span>But in the eighteenth year of king Josiah, wherein this passover was holden to the LORD in Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>Moreover the workers with familiar spirits, and the wizards, and the images, and the idols, and all the abominations that were spied in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, did Josiah put away, that he might perform the words of the lawM
which were written in the book that Hilkiah the priest found in the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">25</span>And like unto him was there no king before him, that turned to the LORD with all his heart, and with all his soul, and with all his might, according to all the law of Moses; neither after him arose there any like him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>Notwithstanding the LORD turned not from the fierceness of his great wrath, wherewith his anger was kindled against Judah, because of all the provocatM
ions that Manasseh had provoked him withal. <span class="ver">27</span>And the LORD said, I will remove Judah also out of my sight, as I have removed Israel, and will cast off this city Jerusalem which I have chosen, and the house of which I said, My name shall be there. <span class="ver">28</span>Now the rest of the acts of Josiah, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>In his days Pharaoh-nechoh king of Egypt went up agaiM
nst the king of Assyria to the river Euphrates: and king Josiah went against him; and he slew him at Megiddo, when he had seen him. <span class="ver">30</span>And his servants carried him in a chariot dead from Megiddo, and brought him to Jerusalem, and buried him in his own sepulchre. And the people of the land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiah, and anointed him, and made him king in his father
<p><span class="ver">31</span>Jehoahaz was twenty and three years old when he began to reign; and he reigM
ned three months in Jerusalem. And his mother
s name was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah. <span class="ver">32</span>And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his fathers had done. <span class="ver">33</span>And Pharaoh-nechoh put him in bands at Riblah in the land of Hamath, that he might not reign in Jerusalem; and put the land to a tribute of an hundred talents of silver, and a talent of gold. <span class="ver">34</span>And Pharaoh-nechoh made Eliakim the son ofM
Josiah king in the room of Josiah his father, and turned his name to Jehoiakim, and took Jehoahaz away: and he came to Egypt, and died there. <span class="ver">35</span>And Jehoiakim gave the silver and the gold to Pharaoh; but he taxed the land to give the money according to the commandment of Pharaoh: he exacted the silver and the gold of the people of the land, of every one according to his taxation, to give it unto Pharaoh-nechoh. </p>
<p><span class="ver">36</span>Jehoiakim was twenty and five years old wheM
n he began to reign; and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. And his mother
s name was Zebudah, the daughter of Pedaiah of Rumah. <span class="ver">37</span>And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his fathers had done.
<h2 id="c24">Chapter 24</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In his days Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up, and Jehoiakim became his servant three years: then he turned and rebelled against him. <span class="ver">2</span>And the LORD sent against himM
bands of the Chaldees, and bands of the Syrians, and bands of the Moabites, and bands of the children of Ammon, and sent them against Judah to destroy it, according to the word of the LORD, which he spake by his servants the prophets. <span class="ver">3</span>Surely at the commandment of the LORD came this upon Judah, to remove them out of his sight, for the sins of Manasseh, according to all that he did; <span class="ver">4</span>And also for the innocent blood that he shed: for he filled Jerusalem with innocentM
blood; which the LORD would not pardon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Now the rest of the acts of Jehoiakim, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? <span class="ver">6</span>So Jehoiakim slept with his fathers: and Jehoiachin his son reigned in his stead. <span class="ver">7</span>And the king of Egypt came not again any more out of his land: for the king of Babylon had taken from the river of Egypt unto the river Euphrates all that pertained to the kinM
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Jehoiachin was eighteen years old when he began to reign, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months. And his mother
s name was Nehushta, the daughter of Elnathan of Jerusalem. <span class="ver">9</span>And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his father had done. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>At that time the servants of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up against Jerusalem, and the city was besieged. <span class="ver">M
11</span>And Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came against the city, and his servants did besiege it. <span class="ver">12</span>And Jehoiachin the king of Judah went out to the king of Babylon, he, and his mother, and his servants, and his princes, and his officers: and the king of Babylon took him in the eighth year of his reign. <span class="ver">13</span>And he carried out thence all the treasures of the house of the LORD, and the treasures of the king
s house, and cut in pieces all the vessels of gold which SoM
lomon king of Israel had made in the temple of the LORD, as the LORD had said. <span class="ver">14</span>And he carried away all Jerusalem, and all the princes, and all the mighty men of valour, even ten thousand captives, and all the craftsmen and smiths: none remained, save the poorest sort of the people of the land. <span class="ver">15</span>And he carried away Jehoiachin to Babylon, and the king
s mother, and the king
s wives, and his officers, and the mighty of the land, those carried he into captivity fM
rom Jerusalem to Babylon. <span class="ver">16</span>And all the men of might, even seven thousand, and craftsmen and smiths a thousand, all that were strong and apt for war, even them the king of Babylon brought captive to Babylon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And the king of Babylon made Mattaniah his father
s brother king in his stead, and changed his name to Zedekiah. <span class="ver">18</span>Zedekiah was twenty and one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. And M
s name was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah. <span class="ver">19</span>And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, according to all that Jehoiakim had done. <span class="ver">20</span>For through the anger of the LORD it came to pass in Jerusalem and Judah, until he had cast them out from his presence, that Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon.
<h2 id="c25">Chapter 25</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenM
th month, in the tenth day of the month, that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came, he, and all his host, against Jerusalem, and pitched against it; and they built forts against it round about. <span class="ver">2</span>And the city was besieged unto the eleventh year of king Zedekiah. <span class="ver">3</span>And on the ninth day of the fourth month the famine prevailed in the city, and there was no bread for the people of the land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And the city was broken up, and all the men ofM
war fled by night by the way of the gate between two walls, which is by the king
s garden: (now the Chaldees were against the city round about:) and the king went the way toward the plain. <span class="ver">5</span>And the army of the Chaldees pursued after the king, and overtook him in the plains of Jericho: and all his army were scattered from him. <span class="ver">6</span>So they took the king, and brought him up to the king of Babylon to Riblah; and they gave judgment upon him. <span class="ver">7</span>AndM
they slew the sons of Zedekiah before his eyes, and put out the eyes of Zedekiah, and bound him with fetters of brass, and carried him to Babylon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And in the fifth month, on the seventh day of the month, which is the nineteenth year of king Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, came Nebuzar-adan, captain of the guard, a servant of the king of Babylon, unto Jerusalem: <span class="ver">9</span>And he burnt the house of the LORD, and the king
s house, and all the houses of Jerusalem, M
s house burnt he with fire. <span class="ver">10</span>And all the army of the Chaldees, that were with the captain of the guard, brake down the walls of Jerusalem round about. <span class="ver">11</span>Now the rest of the people that were left in the city, and the fugitives that fell away to the king of Babylon, with the remnant of the multitude, did Nebuzar-adan the captain of the guard carry away. <span class="ver">12</span>But the captain of the guard left of the poor of the land to be viM
nedressers and husbandmen. <span class="ver">13</span>And the pillars of brass that were in the house of the LORD, and the bases, and the brasen sea that was in the house of the LORD, did the Chaldees break in pieces, and carried the brass of them to Babylon. <span class="ver">14</span>And the pots, and the shovels, and the snuffers, and the spoons, and all the vessels of brass wherewith they ministered, took they away. <span class="ver">15</span>And the firepans, and the bowls, and such things as were of gold, in M
gold, and of silver, in silver, the captain of the guard took away. <span class="ver">16</span>The two pillars, one sea, and the bases which Solomon had made for the house of the LORD; the brass of all these vessels was without weight. <span class="ver">17</span>The height of the one pillar was eighteen cubits, and the chapiter upon it was brass: and the height of the chapiter three cubits; and the wreathen work, and pomegranates upon the chapiter round about, all of brass: and like unto these had the second pillarM
with wreathen work. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And the captain of the guard took Seraiah the chief priest, and Zephaniah the second priest, and the three keepers of the door: <span class="ver">19</span>And out of the city he took an officer that was set over the men of war, and five men of them that were in the king
s presence, which were found in the city, and the principal scribe of the host, which mustered the people of the land, and threescore men of the people of the land that were found in the ciM
ty: <span class="ver">20</span>And Nebuzar-adan captain of the guard took these, and brought them to the king of Babylon to Riblah: <span class="ver">21</span>And the king of Babylon smote them, and slew them at Riblah in the land of Hamath. So Judah was carried away out of their land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And as for the people that remained in the land of Judah, whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had left, even over them he made Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, the son of Shaphan, ruler. <span class="vM
er">23</span>And when all the captains of the armies, they and their men, heard that the king of Babylon had made Gedaliah governor, there came to Gedaliah to Mizpah, even Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and Johanan the son of Careah, and Seraiah the son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite, and Jaazaniah the son of a Maachathite, they and their men. <span class="ver">24</span>And Gedaliah sware to them, and to their men, and said unto them, Fear not to be the servants of the Chaldees: dwell in the land, and serve the king M
of Babylon; and it shall be well with you. <span class="ver">25</span>But it came to pass in the seventh month, that Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, the son of Elishama, of the seed royal, came, and ten men with him, and smote Gedaliah, that he died, and the Jews and the Chaldees that were with him at Mizpah. <span class="ver">26</span>And all the people, both small and great, and the captains of the armies, arose, and came to Egypt: for they were afraid of the Chaldees. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>And it caM
me to pass in the seven and thirtieth year of the captivity of Jehoiachin king of Judah, in the twelfth month, on the seven and twentieth day of the month, that Evil-merodach king of Babylon in the year that he began to reign did lift up the head of Jehoiachin king of Judah out of prison; <span class="ver">28</span>And he spake kindly to him, and set his throne above the throne of the kings that were with him in Babylon; <span class="ver">29</span>And changed his prison garments: and he did eat bread continually beM9
fore him all the days of his life. <span class="ver">30</span>And his allowance was a continual allowance given him of the king, a daily rate for every day, all the days of his life. </p>
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<title>BOOK OF NEHEMIAH</title>
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<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">M
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="#c10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="#c11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="#c12">12</a></li>
<li><a href="#c13">13</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The words oM
f Nehemiah the son of Hachaliah. And it came to pass in the month Chisleu, in the twentieth year, as I was in Shushan the palace, <span class="ver">2</span>That Hanani, one of my brethren, came, he and certain men of Judah; and I asked them concerning the Jews that had escaped, which were left of the captivity, and concerning Jerusalem. <span class="ver">3</span>And they said unto me, The remnant that are left of the captivity there in the province are in great affliction and reproach: the wall of Jerusalem also isM
broken down, and the gates thereof are burned with fire. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And it came to pass, when I heard these words, that I sat down and wept, and mourned certain days, and fasted, and prayed before the God of heaven, <span class="ver">5</span>And said, I beseech thee, O LORD God of heaven, the great and terrible God, that keepeth covenant and mercy for them that love him and observe his commandments: <span class="ver">6</span>Let thine ear now be attentive, and thine eyes open, that thou maM
yest hear the prayer of thy servant, which I pray before thee now, day and night, for the children of Israel thy servants, and confess the sins of the children of Israel, which we have sinned against thee: both I and my father
s house have sinned. <span class="ver">7</span>We have dealt very corruptly against thee, and have not kept the commandments, nor the statutes, nor the judgments, which thou commandedst thy servant Moses. <span class="ver">8</span>Remember, I beseech thee, the word that thou commandedst thyM
servant Moses, saying, If ye transgress, I will scatter you abroad among the nations: <span class="ver">9</span>But if ye turn unto me, and keep my commandments, and do them; though there were of you cast out unto the uttermost part of the heaven, yet will I gather them from thence, and will bring them unto the place that I have chosen to set my name there. <span class="ver">10</span>Now these are thy servants and thy people, whom thou hast redeemed by thy great power, and by thy strong hand. <span class="ver">11<M
/span>O Lord, I beseech thee, let now thine ear be attentive to the prayer of thy servant, and to the prayer of thy servants, who desire to fear thy name: and prosper, I pray thee, thy servant this day, and grant him mercy in the sight of this man. For I was the king
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass in the month Nisan, in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes the king, that wine was before him: and I took up the wine, and gave it unto the king. Now I had noM
t been beforetime sad in his presence. <span class="ver">2</span>Wherefore the king said unto me, Why is thy countenance sad, seeing thou art not sick? this is nothing else but sorrow of heart. Then I was very sore afraid, <span class="ver">3</span>And said unto the king, Let the king live for ever: why should not my countenance be sad, when the city, the place of my fathers
sepulchres, lieth waste, and the gates thereof are consumed with fire? <span class="ver">4</span>Then the king said unto me, For what dost M
thou make request? So I prayed to the God of heaven. <span class="ver">5</span>And I said unto the king, If it please the king, and if thy servant have found favour in thy sight, that thou wouldest send me unto Judah, unto the city of my fathers
sepulchres, that I may build it. <span class="ver">6</span>And the king said unto me, (the queen also sitting by him,) For how long shall thy journey be? and when wilt thou return? So it pleased the king to send me; and I set him a time. <span class="ver">7</span>MoreoveM
r I said unto the king, If it please the king, let letters be given me to the governors beyond the river, that they may convey me over till I come into Judah; <span class="ver">8</span>And a letter unto Asaph the keeper of the king
s forest, that he may give me timber to make beams for the gates of the palace which appertained to the house, and for the wall of the city, and for the house that I shall enter into. And the king granted me, according to the good hand of my God upon me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</M
span>Then I came to the governors beyond the river, and gave them the king
s letters. Now the king had sent captains of the army and horsemen with me. <span class="ver">10</span>When Sanballat the Horonite, and Tobiah the servant, the Ammonite, heard of it, it grieved them exceedingly that there was come a man to seek the welfare of the children of Israel. <span class="ver">11</span>So I came to Jerusalem, and was there three days. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And I arose in the night, I and some few men M
with me; neither told I any man what my God had put in my heart to do at Jerusalem: neither was there any beast with me, save the beast that I rode upon. <span class="ver">13</span>And I went out by night by the gate of the valley, even before the dragon well, and to the dung port, and viewed the walls of Jerusalem, which were broken down, and the gates thereof were consumed with fire. <span class="ver">14</span>Then I went on to the gate of the fountain, and to the king
s pool: but there was no place for the beaM
st that was under me to pass. <span class="ver">15</span>Then went I up in the night by the brook, and viewed the wall, and turned back, and entered by the gate of the valley, and so returned. <span class="ver">16</span>And the rulers knew not whither I went, or what I did; neither had I as yet told it to the Jews, nor to the priests, nor to the nobles, nor to the rulers, nor to the rest that did the work. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Then said I unto them, Ye see the distress that we are in, how Jerusalem M
lieth waste, and the gates thereof are burned with fire: come, and let us build up the wall of Jerusalem, that we be no more a reproach. <span class="ver">18</span>Then I told them of the hand of my God which was good upon me; as also the king
s words that he had spoken unto me. And they said, Let us rise up and build. So they strengthened their hands for this good work. <span class="ver">19</span>But when Sanballat the Horonite, and Tobiah the servant, the Ammonite, and Geshem the Arabian, heard it, they laughedM
us to scorn, and despised us, and said, What is this thing that ye do? will ye rebel against the king? <span class="ver">20</span>Then answered I them, and said unto them, The God of heaven, he will prosper us; therefore we his servants will arise and build: but ye have no portion, nor right, nor memorial, in Jerusalem.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then Eliashib the high priest rose up with his brethren the priests, and they builded the sheep gate; they sanctified it, and set up thM
e doors of it; even unto the tower of Meah they sanctified it, unto the tower of Hananeel. <span class="ver">2</span>And next unto him builded the men of Jericho. And next to them builded Zaccur the son of Imri. <span class="ver">3</span>But the fish gate did the sons of Hassenaah build, who also laid the beams thereof, and set up the doors thereof, the locks thereof, and the bars thereof. <span class="ver">4</span>And next unto them repaired Meremoth the son of Urijah, the son of Koz. And next unto them repaired MM
eshullam the son of Berechiah, the son of Meshezabeel. And next unto them repaired Zadok the son of Baana. <span class="ver">5</span>And next unto them the Tekoites repaired; but their nobles put not their necks to the work of their Lord. <span class="ver">6</span>Moreover the old gate repaired Jehoiada the son of Paseah, and Meshullam the son of Besodeiah; they laid the beams thereof, and set up the doors thereof, and the locks thereof, and the bars thereof. <span class="ver">7</span>And next unto them repaired MeM
latiah the Gibeonite, and Jadon the Meronothite, the men of Gibeon, and of Mizpah, unto the throne of the governor on this side the river. <span class="ver">8</span>Next unto him repaired Uzziel the son of Harhaiah, of the goldsmiths. Next unto him also repaired Hananiah the son of one of the apothecaries, and they fortified Jerusalem unto the broad wall. <span class="ver">9</span>And next unto them repaired Rephaiah the son of Hur, the ruler of the half part of Jerusalem. <span class="ver">10</span>And next unto tM
hem repaired Jedaiah the son of Harumaph, even over against his house. And next unto him repaired Hattush the son of Hashabniah. <span class="ver">11</span>Malchijah the son of Harim, and Hashub the son of Pahath-moab, repaired the other piece, and the tower of the furnaces. <span class="ver">12</span>And next unto him repaired Shallum the son of Halohesh, the ruler of the half part of Jerusalem, he and his daughters. <span class="ver">13</span>The valley gate repaired Hanun, and the inhabitants of Zanoah; they buiM
lt it, and set up the doors thereof, the locks thereof, and the bars thereof, and a thousand cubits on the wall unto the dung gate. <span class="ver">14</span>But the dung gate repaired Malchiah the son of Rechab, the ruler of part of Beth-haccerem; he built it, and set up the doors thereof, the locks thereof, and the bars thereof. <span class="ver">15</span>But the gate of the fountain repaired Shallun the son of Col-hozeh, the ruler of part of Mizpah; he built it, and covered it, and set up the doors thereof, theM
locks thereof, and the bars thereof, and the wall of the pool of Siloah by the king
s garden, and unto the stairs that go down from the city of David. <span class="ver">16</span>After him repaired Nehemiah the son of Azbuk, the ruler of the half part of Beth-zur, unto the place over against the sepulchres of David, and to the pool that was made, and unto the house of the mighty. <span class="ver">17</span>After him repaired the Levites, Rehum the son of Bani. Next unto him repaired Hashabiah, the ruler of the haM
lf part of Keilah, in his part. <span class="ver">18</span>After him repaired their brethren, Bavai the son of Henadad, the ruler of the half part of Keilah. <span class="ver">19</span>And next to him repaired Ezer the son of Jeshua, the ruler of Mizpah, another piece over against the going up to the armoury at the turning of the wall. <span class="ver">20</span>After him Baruch the son of Zabbai earnestly repaired the other piece, from the turning of the wall unto the door of the house of Eliashib the high priest.M
<span class="ver">21</span>After him repaired Meremoth the son of Urijah the son of Koz another piece, from the door of the house of Eliashib even to the end of the house of Eliashib. <span class="ver">22</span>And after him repaired the priests, the men of the plain. <span class="ver">23</span>After him repaired Benjamin and Hashub over against their house. After him repaired Azariah the son of Maaseiah the son of Ananiah by his house. <span class="ver">24</span>After him repaired Binnui the son of Henadad anotheM
r piece, from the house of Azariah unto the turning of the wall, even unto the corner. <span class="ver">25</span>Palal the son of Uzai, over against the turning of the wall, and the tower which lieth out from the king
s high house, that was by the court of the prison. After him Pedaiah the son of Parosh. <span class="ver">26</span>Moreover the Nethinims dwelt in Ophel, unto the place over against the water gate toward the east, and the tower that lieth out. <span class="ver">27</span>After them the Tekoites repaM
ired another piece, over against the great tower that lieth out, even unto the wall of Ophel. <span class="ver">28</span>From above the horse gate repaired the priests, every one over against his house. <span class="ver">29</span>After them repaired Zadok the son of Immer over against his house. After him repaired also Shemaiah the son of Shechaniah, the keeper of the east gate. <span class="ver">30</span>After him repaired Hananiah the son of Shelemiah, and Hanun the sixth son of Zalaph, another piece. After him rM
epaired Meshullam the son of Berechiah over against his chamber. <span class="ver">31</span>After him repaired Malchiah the goldsmith
s son unto the place of the Nethinims, and of the merchants, over against the gate Miphkad, and to the going up of the corner. <span class="ver">32</span>And between the going up of the corner unto the sheep gate repaired the goldsmiths and the merchants.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>But it came to pass, that when Sanballat heard that we builded theM
wall, he was wroth, and took great indignation, and mocked the Jews. <span class="ver">2</span>And he spake before his brethren and the army of Samaria, and said, What do these feeble Jews? will they fortify themselves? will they sacrifice? will they make an end in a day? will they revive the stones out of the heaps of the rubbish which are burned? <span class="ver">3</span>Now Tobiah the Ammonite was by him, and he said, Even that which they build, if a fox go up, he shall even break down their stone wall. <span M
class="ver">4</span>Hear, O our God; for we are despised: and turn their reproach upon their own head, and give them for a prey in the land of captivity: <span class="ver">5</span>And cover not their iniquity, and let not their sin be blotted out from before thee: for they have provoked thee to anger before the builders. <span class="ver">6</span>So built we the wall; and all the wall was joined together unto the half thereof: for the people had a mind to work. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>But it came to pasM
s, that when Sanballat, and Tobiah, and the Arabians, and the Ammonites, and the Ashdodites, heard that the walls of Jerusalem were made up, and that the breaches began to be stopped, then they were very wroth, <span class="ver">8</span>And conspired all of them together to come and to fight against Jerusalem, and to hinder it. <span class="ver">9</span>Nevertheless we made our prayer unto our God, and set a watch against them day and night, because of them. <span class="ver">10</span>And Judah said, The strength oM
f the bearers of burdens is decayed, and there is much rubbish; so that we are not able to build the wall. <span class="ver">11</span>And our adversaries said, They shall not know, neither see, till we come in the midst among them, and slay them, and cause the work to cease. <span class="ver">12</span>And it came to pass, that when the Jews which dwelt by them came, they said unto us ten times, From all places whence ye shall return unto us they will be upon you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Therefore set IM
in the lower places behind the wall, and on the higher places, I even set the people after their families with their swords, their spears, and their bows. <span class="ver">14</span>And I looked, and rose up, and said unto the nobles, and to the rulers, and to the rest of the people, Be not ye afraid of them: remember the Lord, which is great and terrible, and fight for your brethren, your sons, and your daughters, your wives, and your houses. <span class="ver">15</span>And it came to pass, when our enemies heard M
that it was known unto us, and God had brought their counsel to nought, that we returned all of us to the wall, every one unto his work. <span class="ver">16</span>And it came to pass from that time forth, that the half of my servants wrought in the work, and the other half of them held both the spears, the shields, and the bows, and the habergeons; and the rulers were behind all the house of Judah. <span class="ver">17</span>They which builded on the wall, and they that bare burdens, with those that laded, every oM
ne with one of his hands wrought in the work, and with the other hand held a weapon. <span class="ver">18</span>For the builders, every one had his sword girded by his side, and so builded. And he that sounded the trumpet was by me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And I said unto the nobles, and to the rulers, and to the rest of the people, The work is great and large, and we are separated upon the wall, one far from another. <span class="ver">20</span>In what place therefore ye hear the sound of the trumpet, M
resort ye thither unto us: our God shall fight for us. <span class="ver">21</span>So we laboured in the work: and half of them held the spears from the rising of the morning till the stars appeared. <span class="ver">22</span>Likewise at the same time said I unto the people, Let every one with his servant lodge within Jerusalem, that in the night they may be a guard to us, and labour on the day. <span class="ver">23</span>So neither I, nor my brethren, nor my servants, nor the men of the guard which followed me, noM
ne of us put off our clothes, saving that every one put them off for washing.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And there was a great cry of the people and of their wives against their brethren the Jews. <span class="ver">2</span>For there were that said, We, our sons, and our daughters, are many: therefore we take up corn for them, that we may eat, and live. <span class="ver">3</span>Some also there were that said, We have mortgaged our lands, vineyards, and houses, that we might buy coM
rn, because of the dearth. <span class="ver">4</span>There were also that said, We have borrowed money for the king
s tribute, and that upon our lands and vineyards. <span class="ver">5</span>Yet now our flesh is as the flesh of our brethren, our children as their children: and, lo, we bring into bondage our sons and our daughters to be servants, and some of our daughters are brought unto bondage already: neither is it in our power to redeem them; for other men have our lands and vineyards. </p>
"ver">6</span>And I was very angry when I heard their cry and these words. <span class="ver">7</span>Then I consulted with myself, and I rebuked the nobles, and the rulers, and said unto them, Ye exact usury, every one of his brother. And I set a great assembly against them. <span class="ver">8</span>And I said unto them, We after our ability have redeemed our brethren the Jews, which were sold unto the heathen; and will ye even sell your brethren? or shall they be sold unto us? Then held they their peace, and founM
d nothing to answer. <span class="ver">9</span>Also I said, It is not good that ye do: ought ye not to walk in the fear of our God because of the reproach of the heathen our enemies? <span class="ver">10</span>I likewise, and my brethren, and my servants, might exact of them money and corn: I pray you, let us leave off this usury. <span class="ver">11</span>Restore, I pray you, to them, even this day, their lands, their vineyards, their oliveyards, and their houses, also the hundredth part of the money, and of the M
corn, the wine, and the oil, that ye exact of them. <span class="ver">12</span>Then said they, We will restore them, and will require nothing of them; so will we do as thou sayest. Then I called the priests, and took an oath of them, that they should do according to this promise. <span class="ver">13</span>Also I shook my lap, and said, So God shake out every man from his house, and from his labour, that performeth not this promise, even thus be he shaken out, and emptied. And all the congregation said, Amen, and pM
raised the LORD. And the people did according to this promise. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Moreover from the time that I was appointed to be their governor in the land of Judah, from the twentieth year even unto the two and thirtieth year of Artaxerxes the king, that is, twelve years, I and my brethren have not eaten the bread of the governor. <span class="ver">15</span>But the former governors that had been before me were chargeable unto the people, and had taken of them bread and wine, beside forty shekeM
ls of silver; yea, even their servants bare rule over the people: but so did not I, because of the fear of God. <span class="ver">16</span>Yea, also I continued in the work of this wall, neither bought we any land: and all my servants were gathered thither unto the work. <span class="ver">17</span>Moreover there were at my table an hundred and fifty of the Jews and rulers, beside those that came unto us from among the heathen that are about us. <span class="ver">18</span>Now that which was prepared for me daily wasM
one ox and six choice sheep; also fowls were prepared for me, and once in ten days store of all sorts of wine: yet for all this required not I the bread of the governor, because the bondage was heavy upon this people. <span class="ver">19</span>Think upon me, my God, for good, according to all that I have done for this people.
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now it came to pass, when Sanballat, and Tobiah, and Geshem the Arabian, and the rest of our enemies, heard that I had builded tM
he wall, and that there was no breach left therein; (though at that time I had not set up the doors upon the gates;) <span class="ver">2</span>That Sanballat and Geshem sent unto me, saying, Come, let us meet together in some one of the villages in the plain of Ono. But they thought to do me mischief. <span class="ver">3</span>And I sent messengers unto them, saying, I am doing a great work, so that I cannot come down: why should the work cease, whilst I leave it, and come down to you? <span class="ver">4</span>YetM
they sent unto me four times after this sort; and I answered them after the same manner. <span class="ver">5</span>Then sent Sanballat his servant unto me in like manner the fifth time with an open letter in his hand; <span class="ver">6</span>Wherein was written, It is reported among the heathen, and Gashmu saith it, that thou and the Jews think to rebel: for which cause thou buildest the wall, that thou mayest be their king, according to these words. <span class="ver">7</span>And thou hast also appointed prophetM
s to preach of thee at Jerusalem, saying, There is a king in Judah: and now shall it be reported to the king according to these words. Come now therefore, and let us take counsel together. <span class="ver">8</span>Then I sent unto him, saying, There are no such things done as thou sayest, but thou feignest them out of thine own heart. <span class="ver">9</span>For they all made us afraid, saying, Their hands shall be weakened from the work, that it be not done. Now therefore, O God, strengthen my hands. <span clasM
s="ver">10</span>Afterward I came unto the house of Shemaiah the son of Delaiah the son of Mehetabeel, who was shut up; and he said, Let us meet together in the house of God, within the temple, and let us shut the doors of the temple: for they will come to slay thee; yea, in the night will they come to slay thee. <span class="ver">11</span>And I said, Should such a man as I flee? and who is there, that, being as I am, would go into the temple to save his life? I will not go in. <span class="ver">12</span>And, lo, IM
perceived that God had not sent him; but that he pronounced this prophecy against me: for Tobiah and Sanballat had hired him. <span class="ver">13</span>Therefore was he hired, that I should be afraid, and do so, and sin, and that they might have matter for an evil report, that they might reproach me. <span class="ver">14</span>My God, think thou upon Tobiah and Sanballat according to these their works, and on the prophetess Noadiah, and the rest of the prophets, that would have put me in fear. </p>
ss="ver">15</span>So the wall was finished in the twenty and fifth day of the month Elul, in fifty and two days. <span class="ver">16</span>And it came to pass, that when all our enemies heard thereof, and all the heathen that were about us saw these things, they were much cast down in their own eyes: for they perceived that this work was wrought of our God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Moreover in those days the nobles of Judah sent many letters unto Tobiah, and the letters of Tobiah came unto them. <span M
class="ver">18</span>For there were many in Judah sworn unto him, because he was the son in law of Shechaniah the son of Arah; and his son Johanan had taken the daughter of Meshullam the son of Berechiah. <span class="ver">19</span>Also they reported his good deeds before me, and uttered my words to him. And Tobiah sent letters to put me in fear.
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now it came to pass, when the wall was built, and I had set up the doors, and the porters and the singers andM
the Levites were appointed, <span class="ver">2</span>That I gave my brother Hanani, and Hananiah the ruler of the palace, charge over Jerusalem: for he was a faithful man, and feared God above many. <span class="ver">3</span>And I said unto them, Let not the gates of Jerusalem be opened until the sun be hot; and while they stand by, let them shut the doors, and bar them: and appoint watches of the inhabitants of Jerusalem, every one in his watch, and every one to be over against his house. <span class="ver">4</spM
an>Now the city was large and great: but the people were few therein, and the houses were not builded. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And my God put into mine heart to gather together the nobles, and the rulers, and the people, that they might be reckoned by genealogy. And I found a register of the genealogy of them which came up at the first, and found written therein, <span class="ver">6</span>These are the children of the province, that went up out of the captivity, of those that had been carried away, whomM
Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon had carried away, and came again to Jerusalem and to Judah, every one unto his city; <span class="ver">7</span>Who came with Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Azariah, Raamiah, Nahamani, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispereth, Bigvai, Nehum, Baanah. The number, I say, of the men of the people of Israel was this; <span class="ver">8</span>The children of Parosh, two thousand an hundred seventy and two. <span class="ver">9</span>The children of Shephatiah, three hundred seventy and two. <span clM
ass="ver">10</span>The children of Arah, six hundred fifty and two. <span class="ver">11</span>The children of Pahath-moab, of the children of Jeshua and Joab, two thousand and eight hundred and eighteen. <span class="ver">12</span>The children of Elam, a thousand two hundred fifty and four. <span class="ver">13</span>The children of Zattu, eight hundred forty and five. <span class="ver">14</span>The children of Zaccai, seven hundred and threescore. <span class="ver">15</span>The children of Binnui, six hundred forM
ty and eight. <span class="ver">16</span>The children of Bebai, six hundred twenty and eight. <span class="ver">17</span>The children of Azgad, two thousand three hundred twenty and two. <span class="ver">18</span>The children of Adonikam, six hundred threescore and seven. <span class="ver">19</span>The children of Bigvai, two thousand threescore and seven. <span class="ver">20</span>The children of Adin, six hundred fifty and five. <span class="ver">21</span>The children of Ater of Hezekiah, ninety and eight. <spaM
n class="ver">22</span>The children of Hashum, three hundred twenty and eight. <span class="ver">23</span>The children of Bezai, three hundred twenty and four. <span class="ver">24</span>The children of Hariph, an hundred and twelve. <span class="ver">25</span>The children of Gibeon, ninety and five. <span class="ver">26</span>The men of Beth-lehem and Netophah, an hundred fourscore and eight. <span class="ver">27</span>The men of Anathoth, an hundred twenty and eight. <span class="ver">28</span>The men of Beth-azmM
aveth, forty and two. <span class="ver">29</span>The men of Kirjath-jearim, Chephirah, and Beeroth, seven hundred forty and three. <span class="ver">30</span>The men of Ramah and Geba, six hundred twenty and one. <span class="ver">31</span>The men of Michmas, an hundred and twenty and two. <span class="ver">32</span>The men of Beth-el and Ai, an hundred twenty and three. <span class="ver">33</span>The men of the other Nebo, fifty and two. <span class="ver">34</span>The children of the other Elam, a thousand two hunM
dred fifty and four. <span class="ver">35</span>The children of Harim, three hundred and twenty. <span class="ver">36</span>The children of Jericho, three hundred forty and five. <span class="ver">37</span>The children of Lod, Hadid, and Ono, seven hundred twenty and one. <span class="ver">38</span>The children of Senaah, three thousand nine hundred and thirty. </p>
<p><span class="ver">39</span>The priests: the children of Jedaiah, of the house of Jeshua, nine hundred seventy and three. <span class="ver">40</spaM
n>The children of Immer, a thousand fifty and two. <span class="ver">41</span>The children of Pashur, a thousand two hundred forty and seven. <span class="ver">42</span>The children of Harim, a thousand and seventeen. </p>
<p><span class="ver">43</span>The Levites: the children of Jeshua, of Kadmiel, and of the children of Hodevah, seventy and four. </p>
<p><span class="ver">44</span>The singers: the children of Asaph, an hundred forty and eight. </p>
<p><span class="ver">45</span>The porters: the children ofM
Shallum, the children of Ater, the children of Talmon, the children of Akkub, the children of Hatita, the children of Shobai, an hundred thirty and eight. </p>
<p><span class="ver">46</span>The Nethinims: the children of Ziha, the children of Hashupha, the children of Tabbaoth, <span class="ver">47</span>The children of Keros, the children of Sia, the children of Padon, <span class="ver">48</span>The children of Lebana, the children of Hagaba, the children of Shalmai, <span class="ver">49</span>The children of HM
anan, the children of Giddel, the children of Gahar, <span class="ver">50</span>The children of Reaiah, the children of Rezin, the children of Nekoda, <span class="ver">51</span>The children of Gazzam, the children of Uzza, the children of Phaseah, <span class="ver">52</span>The children of Besai, the children of Meunim, the children of Nephishesim, <span class="ver">53</span>The children of Bakbuk, the children of Hakupha, the children of Harhur, <span class="ver">54</span>The children of Bazlith, the children of M
Mehida, the children of Harsha, <span class="ver">55</span>The children of Barkos, the children of Sisera, the children of Tamah, <span class="ver">56</span>The children of Neziah, the children of Hatipha. </p>
<p><span class="ver">57</span>The children of Solomon
s servants: the children of Sotai, the children of Sophereth, the children of Perida, <span class="ver">58</span>The children of Jaala, the children of Darkon, the children of Giddel, <span class="ver">59</span>The children of Shephatiah, the childrenM
of Hattil, the children of Pochereth of Zebaim, the children of Amon. <span class="ver">60</span>All the Nethinims, and the children of Solomon
s servants, were three hundred ninety and two. <span class="ver">61</span>And these were they which went up also from Tel-melah, Tel-haresha, Cherub, Addon, and Immer: but they could not shew their father
s house, nor their seed, whether they were of Israel. <span class="ver">62</span>The children of Delaiah, the children of Tobiah, the children of Nekoda, six hundred M
<p><span class="ver">63</span>And of the priests: the children of Habaiah, the children of Koz, the children of Barzillai, which took one of the daughters of Barzillai the Gileadite to wife, and was called after their name. <span class="ver">64</span>These sought their register among those that were reckoned by genealogy, but it was not found: therefore were they, as polluted, put from the priesthood. <span class="ver">65</span>And the Tirshatha said unto them, that they should not eat of the M
most holy things, till there stood up a priest with Urim and Thummim. </p>
<p><span class="ver">66</span>The whole congregation together was forty and two thousand three hundred and threescore, <span class="ver">67</span>Beside their manservants and their maidservants, of whom there were seven thousand three hundred thirty and seven: and they had two hundred forty and five singing men and singing women. <span class="ver">68</span>Their horses, seven hundred thirty and six: their mules, two hundred forty and five:M
<span class="ver">69</span>Their camels, four hundred thirty and five: six thousand seven hundred and twenty asses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">70</span>And some of the chief of the fathers gave unto the work. The Tirshatha gave to the treasure a thousand drams of gold, fifty basons, five hundred and thirty priests
garments. <span class="ver">71</span>And some of the chief of the fathers gave to the treasure of the work twenty thousand drams of gold, and two thousand and two hundred pound of silver. <span classM
="ver">72</span>And that which the rest of the people gave was twenty thousand drams of gold, and two thousand pound of silver, and threescore and seven priests
garments. <span class="ver">73</span>So the priests, and the Levites, and the porters, and the singers, and some of the people, and the Nethinims, and all Israel, dwelt in their cities; and when the seventh month came, the children of Israel were in their cities.
<h2 id="c8">Chapter 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And all the people gathered thM
emselves together as one man into the street that was before the water gate; and they spake unto Ezra the scribe to bring the book of the law of Moses, which the LORD had commanded to Israel. <span class="ver">2</span>And Ezra the priest brought the law before the congregation both of men and women, and all that could hear with understanding, upon the first day of the seventh month. <span class="ver">3</span>And he read therein before the street that was before the water gate from the morning until midday, before tM
he men and the women, and those that could understand; and the ears of all the people were attentive unto the book of the law. <span class="ver">4</span>And Ezra the scribe stood upon a pulpit of wood, which they had made for the purpose; and beside him stood Mattithiah, and Shema, and Anaiah, and Urijah, and Hilkiah, and Maaseiah, on his right hand; and on his left hand, Pedaiah, and Mishael, and Malchiah, and Hashum, and Hashbadana, Zechariah, and Meshullam. <span class="ver">5</span>And Ezra opened the book in tM
he sight of all the people; (for he was above all the people;) and when he opened it, all the people stood up: <span class="ver">6</span>And Ezra blessed the LORD, the great God. And all the people answered, Amen, Amen, with lifting up their hands: and they bowed their heads, and worshipped the LORD with their faces to the ground. <span class="ver">7</span>Also Jeshua, and Bani, and Sherebiah, Jamin, Akkub, Shabbethai, Hodijah, Maaseiah, Kelita, Azariah, Jozabad, Hanan, Pelaiah, and the Levites, caused the people tM
o understand the law: and the people stood in their place. <span class="ver">8</span>So they read in the book in the law of God distinctly, and gave the sense, and caused them to understand the reading. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And Nehemiah, which is the Tirshatha, and Ezra the priest the scribe, and the Levites that taught the people, said unto all the people, This day is holy unto the LORD your God; mourn not, nor weep. For all the people wept, when they heard the words of the law. <span class="ver">10M
</span>Then he said unto them, Go your way, eat the fat, and drink the sweet, and send portions unto them for whom nothing is prepared: for this day is holy unto our Lord: neither be ye sorry; for the joy of the LORD is your strength. <span class="ver">11</span>So the Levites stilled all the people, saying, Hold your peace, for the day is holy; neither be ye grieved. <span class="ver">12</span>And all the people went their way to eat, and to drink, and to send portions, and to make great mirth, because they had undM
erstood the words that were declared unto them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And on the second day were gathered together the chief of the fathers of all the people, the priests, and the Levites, unto Ezra the scribe, even to understand the words of the law. <span class="ver">14</span>And they found written in the law which the LORD had commanded by Moses, that the children of Israel should dwell in booths in the feast of the seventh month: <span class="ver">15</span>And that they should publish and proclaiM
m in all their cities, and in Jerusalem, saying, Go forth unto the mount, and fetch olive branches, and pine branches, and myrtle branches, and palm branches, and branches of thick trees, to make booths, as it is written. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>So the people went forth, and brought them, and made themselves booths, every one upon the roof of his house, and in their courts, and in the courts of the house of God, and in the street of the water gate, and in the street of the gate of Ephraim. <span class=M
"ver">17</span>And all the congregation of them that were come again out of the captivity made booths, and sat under the booths: for since the days of Jeshua the son of Nun unto that day had not the children of Israel done so. And there was very great gladness. <span class="ver">18</span>Also day by day, from the first day unto the last day, he read in the book of the law of God. And they kept the feast seven days; and on the eighth day was a solemn assembly, according unto the manner.
<h2 id="c9">Chapter 9</h2>M
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now in the twenty and fourth day of this month the children of Israel were assembled with fasting, and with sackclothes, and earth upon them. <span class="ver">2</span>And the seed of Israel separated themselves from all strangers, and stood and confessed their sins, and the iniquities of their fathers. <span class="ver">3</span>And they stood up in their place, and read in the book of the law of the LORD their God one fourth part of the day; and another fourth part they confessed, M
and worshipped the LORD their God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Then stood up upon the stairs, of the Levites, Jeshua, and Bani, Kadmiel, Shebaniah, Bunni, Sherebiah, Bani, and Chenani, and cried with a loud voice unto the LORD their God. <span class="ver">5</span>Then the Levites, Jeshua, and Kadmiel, Bani, Hashabniah, Sherebiah, Hodijah, Shebaniah, and Pethahiah, said, Stand up and bless the LORD your God for ever and ever: and blessed be thy glorious name, which is exalted above all blessing and praise. <M
span class="ver">6</span>Thou, even thou, art LORD alone; thou hast made heaven, the heaven of heavens, with all their host, the earth, and all things that are therein, the seas, and all that is therein, and thou preservest them all; and the host of heaven worshippeth thee. <span class="ver">7</span>Thou art the LORD the God, who didst choose Abram, and broughtest him forth out of Ur of the Chaldees, and gavest him the name of Abraham; <span class="ver">8</span>And foundest his heart faithful before thee, and madesM
t a covenant with him to give the land of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Jebusites, and the Girgashites, to give it, I say, to his seed, and hast performed thy words; for thou art righteous: <span class="ver">9</span>And didst see the affliction of our fathers in Egypt, and heardest their cry by the Red sea; <span class="ver">10</span>And shewedst signs and wonders upon Pharaoh, and on all his servants, and on all the people of his land: for thou knewest that they dealt prouM
dly against them. So didst thou get thee a name, as it is this day. <span class="ver">11</span>And thou didst divide the sea before them, so that they went through the midst of the sea on the dry land; and their persecutors thou threwest into the deeps, as a stone into the mighty waters. <span class="ver">12</span>Moreover thou leddest them in the day by a cloudy pillar; and in the night by a pillar of fire, to give them light in the way wherein they should go. <span class="ver">13</span>Thou camest down also upon M
mount Sinai, and spakest with them from heaven, and gavest them right judgments, and true laws, good statutes and commandments: <span class="ver">14</span>And madest known unto them thy holy sabbath, and commandedst them precepts, statutes, and laws, by the hand of Moses thy servant: <span class="ver">15</span>And gavest them bread from heaven for their hunger, and broughtest forth water for them out of the rock for their thirst, and promisedst them that they should go in to possess the land which thou hadst sworn M
to give them. <span class="ver">16</span>But they and our fathers dealt proudly, and hardened their necks, and hearkened not to thy commandments, <span class="ver">17</span>And refused to obey, neither were mindful of thy wonders that thou didst among them; but hardened their necks, and in their rebellion appointed a captain to return to their bondage: but thou art a God ready to pardon, gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness, and forsookest them not. <span class="ver">18</span>Yea, when they hM
ad made them a molten calf, and said, This is thy God that brought thee up out of Egypt, and had wrought great provocations; <span class="ver">19</span>Yet thou in thy manifold mercies forsookest them not in the wilderness: the pillar of the cloud departed not from them by day, to lead them in the way; neither the pillar of fire by night, to shew them light, and the way wherein they should go. <span class="ver">20</span>Thou gavest also thy good spirit to instruct them, and withheldest not thy manna from their moutM
h, and gavest them water for their thirst. <span class="ver">21</span>Yea, forty years didst thou sustain them in the wilderness, so that they lacked nothing; their clothes waxed not old, and their feet swelled not. <span class="ver">22</span>Moreover thou gavest them kingdoms and nations, and didst divide them into corners: so they possessed the land of Sihon, and the land of the king of Heshbon, and the land of Og king of Bashan. <span class="ver">23</span>Their children also multipliedst thou as the stars of heaM
ven, and broughtest them into the land, concerning which thou hadst promised to their fathers, that they should go in to possess it. <span class="ver">24</span>So the children went in and possessed the land, and thou subduedst before them the inhabitants of the land, the Canaanites, and gavest them into their hands, with their kings, and the people of the land, that they might do with them as they would. <span class="ver">25</span>And they took strong cities, and a fat land, and possessed houses full of all goods, M
wells digged, vineyards, and oliveyards, and fruit trees in abundance: so they did eat, and were filled, and became fat, and delighted themselves in thy great goodness. <span class="ver">26</span>Nevertheless they were disobedient, and rebelled against thee, and cast thy law behind their backs, and slew thy prophets which testified against them to turn them to thee, and they wrought great provocations. <span class="ver">27</span>Therefore thou deliveredst them into the hand of their enemies, who vexed them: and in M
the time of their trouble, when they cried unto thee, thou heardest them from heaven; and according to thy manifold mercies thou gavest them saviours, who saved them out of the hand of their enemies. <span class="ver">28</span>But after they had rest, they did evil again before thee: therefore leftest thou them in the hand of their enemies, so that they had the dominion over them: yet when they returned, and cried unto thee, thou heardest them from heaven; and many times didst thou deliver them according to thy merM
cies; <span class="ver">29</span>And testifiedst against them, that thou mightest bring them again unto thy law: yet they dealt proudly, and hearkened not unto thy commandments, but sinned against thy judgments, (which if a man do, he shall live in them;) and withdrew the shoulder, and hardened their neck, and would not hear. <span class="ver">30</span>Yet many years didst thou forbear them, and testifiedst against them by thy spirit in thy prophets: yet would they not give ear: therefore gavest thou them into the M
hand of the people of the lands. <span class="ver">31</span>Nevertheless for thy great mercies
sake thou didst not utterly consume them, nor forsake them; for thou art a gracious and merciful God. <span class="ver">32</span>Now therefore, our God, the great, the mighty, and the terrible God, who keepest covenant and mercy, let not all the trouble seem little before thee, that hath come upon us, on our kings, on our princes, and on our priests, and on our prophets, and on our fathers, and on all thy people, sinceM
the time of the kings of Assyria unto this day. <span class="ver">33</span>Howbeit thou art just in all that is brought upon us; for thou hast done right, but we have done wickedly: <span class="ver">34</span>Neither have our kings, our princes, our priests, nor our fathers, kept thy law, nor hearkened unto thy commandments and thy testimonies, wherewith thou didst testify against them. <span class="ver">35</span>For they have not served thee in their kingdom, and in thy great goodness that thou gavest them, and iM
n the large and fat land which thou gavest before them, neither turned they from their wicked works. <span class="ver">36</span>Behold, we are servants this day, and for the land that thou gavest unto our fathers to eat the fruit thereof and the good thereof, behold, we are servants in it: <span class="ver">37</span>And it yieldeth much increase unto the kings whom thou hast set over us because of our sins: also they have dominion over our bodies, and over our cattle, at their pleasure, and we are in great distressM
. <span class="ver">38</span>And because of all this we make a sure covenant, and write it; and our princes, Levites, and priests, seal unto it.
<h2 id="c10">Chapter 10</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now those that sealed were, Nehemiah, the Tirshatha, the son of Hachaliah, and Zidkijah, <span class="ver">2</span>Seraiah, Azariah, Jeremiah, <span class="ver">3</span>Pashur, Amariah, Malchijah, <span class="ver">4</span>Hattush, Shebaniah, Malluch, <span class="ver">5</span>Harim, Meremoth, Obadiah, <span cM
lass="ver">6</span>Daniel, Ginnethon, Baruch, <span class="ver">7</span>Meshullam, Abijah, Mijamin, <span class="ver">8</span>Maaziah, Bilgai, Shemaiah: these were the priests. <span class="ver">9</span>And the Levites: both Jeshua the son of Azaniah, Binnui of the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel; <span class="ver">10</span>And their brethren, Shebaniah, Hodijah, Kelita, Pelaiah, Hanan, <span class="ver">11</span>Micha, Rehob, Hashabiah, <span class="ver">12</span>Zaccur, Sherebiah, Shebaniah, <span class="ver">13</span>HM
odijah, Bani, Beninu. <span class="ver">14</span>The chief of the people; Parosh, Pahath-moab, Elam, Zatthu, Bani, <span class="ver">15</span>Bunni, Azgad, Bebai, <span class="ver">16</span>Adonijah, Bigvai, Adin, <span class="ver">17</span>Ater, Hizkijah, Azzur, <span class="ver">18</span>Hodijah, Hashum, Bezai, <span class="ver">19</span>Hariph, Anathoth, Nebai, <span class="ver">20</span>Magpiash, Meshullam, Hezir, <span class="ver">21</span>Meshezabeel, Zadok, Jaddua, <span class="ver">22</span>Pelatiah, Hanan,M
Anaiah, <span class="ver">23</span>Hoshea, Hananiah, Hashub, <span class="ver">24</span>Hallohesh, Pileha, Shobek, <span class="ver">25</span>Rehum, Hashabnah, Maaseiah, <span class="ver">26</span>And Ahijah, Hanan, Anan, <span class="ver">27</span>Malluch, Harim, Baanah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>And the rest of the people, the priests, the Levites, the porters, the singers, the Nethinims, and all they that had separated themselves from the people of the lands unto the law of God, their wives, their soM
ns, and their daughters, every one having knowledge, and having understanding; <span class="ver">29</span>They clave to their brethren, their nobles, and entered into a curse, and into an oath, to walk in God
s law, which was given by Moses the servant of God, and to observe and do all the commandments of the LORD our Lord, and his judgments and his statutes; <span class="ver">30</span>And that we would not give our daughters unto the people of the land, nor take their daughters for our sons: <span class="ver">31M
</span>And if the people of the land bring ware or any victuals on the sabbath day to sell, that we would not buy it of them on the sabbath, or on the holy day: and that we would leave the seventh year, and the exaction of every debt. <span class="ver">32</span>Also we made ordinances for us, to charge ourselves yearly with the third part of a shekel for the service of the house of our God; <span class="ver">33</span>For the shewbread, and for the continual meat offering, and for the continual burnt offering, of thM
e sabbaths, of the new moons, for the set feasts, and for the holy things, and for the sin offerings to make an atonement for Israel, and for all the work of the house of our God. <span class="ver">34</span>And we cast the lots among the priests, the Levites, and the people, for the wood offering, to bring it into the house of our God, after the houses of our fathers, at times appointed year by year, to burn upon the altar of the LORD our God, as it is written in the law: <span class="ver">35</span>And to bring theM
firstfruits of our ground, and the firstfruits of all fruit of all trees, year by year, unto the house of the LORD: <span class="ver">36</span>Also the firstborn of our sons, and of our cattle, as it is written in the law, and the firstlings of our herds and of our flocks, to bring to the house of our God, unto the priests that minister in the house of our God: <span class="ver">37</span>And that we should bring the firstfruits of our dough, and our offerings, and the fruit of all manner of trees, of wine and of oM
il, unto the priests, to the chambers of the house of our God; and the tithes of our ground unto the Levites, that the same Levites might have the tithes in all the cities of our tillage. <span class="ver">38</span>And the priest the son of Aaron shall be with the Levites, when the Levites take tithes: and the Levites shall bring up the tithe of the tithes unto the house of our God, to the chambers, into the treasure house. <span class="ver">39</span>For the children of Israel and the children of Levi shall bring tM
he offering of the corn, of the new wine, and the oil, unto the chambers, where are the vessels of the sanctuary, and the priests that minister, and the porters, and the singers: and we will not forsake the house of our God.
<h2 id="c11">Chapter 11</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the rulers of the people dwelt at Jerusalem: the rest of the people also cast lots, to bring one of ten to dwell in Jerusalem the holy city, and nine parts to dwell in other cities. <span class="ver">2</span>And the people blesM
sed all the men, that willingly offered themselves to dwell at Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Now these are the chief of the province that dwelt in Jerusalem: but in the cities of Judah dwelt every one in his possession in their cities, to wit, Israel, the priests, and the Levites, and the Nethinims, and the children of Solomon
s servants. <span class="ver">4</span>And at Jerusalem dwelt certain of the children of Judah, and of the children of Benjamin. Of the children of Judah; Athaiah the son ofM
Uzziah, the son of Zechariah, the son of Amariah, the son of Shephatiah, the son of Mahalaleel, of the children of Perez; <span class="ver">5</span>And Maaseiah the son of Baruch, the son of Col-hozeh, the son of Hazaiah, the son of Adaiah, the son of Joiarib, the son of Zechariah, the son of Shiloni. <span class="ver">6</span>All the sons of Perez that dwelt at Jerusalem were four hundred threescore and eight valiant men. <span class="ver">7</span>And these are the sons of Benjamin; Sallu the son of Meshullam, thM
e son of Joed, the son of Pedaiah, the son of Kolaiah, the son of Maaseiah, the son of Ithiel, the son of Jesaiah. <span class="ver">8</span>And after him Gabbai, Sallai, nine hundred twenty and eight. <span class="ver">9</span>And Joel the son of Zichri was their overseer: and Judah the son of Senuah was second over the city. <span class="ver">10</span>Of the priests: Jedaiah the son of Joiarib, Jachin. <span class="ver">11</span>Seraiah the son of Hilkiah, the son of Meshullam, the son of Zadok, the son of MeraioM
th, the son of Ahitub, was the ruler of the house of God. <span class="ver">12</span>And their brethren that did the work of the house were eight hundred twenty and two: and Adaiah the son of Jeroham, the son of Pelaliah, the son of Amzi, the son of Zechariah, the son of Pashur, the son of Malchiah, <span class="ver">13</span>And his brethren, chief of the fathers, two hundred forty and two: and Amashai the son of Azareel, the son of Ahasai, the son of Meshillemoth, the son of Immer, <span class="ver">14</span>And M
their brethren, mighty men of valour, an hundred twenty and eight: and their overseer was Zabdiel, the son of one of the great men. <span class="ver">15</span>Also of the Levites: Shemaiah the son of Hashub, the son of Azrikam, the son of Hashabiah, the son of Bunni; <span class="ver">16</span>And Shabbethai and Jozabad, of the chief of the Levites, had the oversight of the outward business of the house of God. <span class="ver">17</span>And Mattaniah the son of Micha, the son of Zabdi, the son of Asaph, was the prM
incipal to begin the thanksgiving in prayer: and Bakbukiah the second among his brethren, and Abda the son of Shammua, the son of Galal, the son of Jeduthun. <span class="ver">18</span>All the Levites in the holy city were two hundred fourscore and four. <span class="ver">19</span>Moreover the porters, Akkub, Talmon, and their brethren that kept the gates, were an hundred seventy and two. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And the residue of Israel, of the priests, and the Levites, were in all the cities of JudahM
, every one in his inheritance. <span class="ver">21</span>But the Nethinims dwelt in Ophel: and Ziha and Gispa were over the Nethinims. <span class="ver">22</span>The overseer also of the Levites at Jerusalem was Uzzi the son of Bani, the son of Hashabiah, the son of Mattaniah, the son of Micha. Of the sons of Asaph, the singers were over the business of the house of God. <span class="ver">23</span>For it was the king
s commandment concerning them, that a certain portion should be for the singers, due for every M
day. <span class="ver">24</span>And Pethahiah the son of Meshezabeel, of the children of Zerah the son of Judah, was at the king
s hand in all matters concerning the people. <span class="ver">25</span>And for the villages, with their fields, some of the children of Judah dwelt at Kirjath-arba, and in the villages thereof, and at Dibon, and in the villages thereof, and at Jekabzeel, and in the villages thereof, <span class="ver">26</span>And at Jeshua, and at Moladah, and at Beth-phelet, <span class="ver">27</spanM
>And at Hazar-shual, and at Beer-sheba, and in the villages thereof, <span class="ver">28</span>And at Ziklag, and at Mekonah, and in the villages thereof, <span class="ver">29</span>And at En-rimmon, and at Zareah, and at Jarmuth, <span class="ver">30</span>Zanoah, Adullam, and in their villages, at Lachish, and the fields thereof, at Azekah, and in the villages thereof. And they dwelt from Beer-sheba unto the valley of Hinnom. <span class="ver">31</span>The children also of Benjamin from Geba dwelt at Michmash, aM
nd Aija, and Beth-el, and in their villages, <span class="ver">32</span>And at Anathoth, Nob, Ananiah, <span class="ver">33</span>Hazor, Ramah, Gittaim, <span class="ver">34</span>Hadid, Zeboim, Neballat, <span class="ver">35</span>Lod, and Ono, the valley of craftsmen. <span class="ver">36</span>And of the Levites were divisions in Judah, and in Benjamin.
<h2 id="c12">Chapter 12</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now these are the priests and the Levites that went up with Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and M
Jeshua: Seraiah, Jeremiah, Ezra, <span class="ver">2</span>Amariah, Malluch, Hattush, <span class="ver">3</span>Shechaniah, Rehum, Meremoth, <span class="ver">4</span>Iddo, Ginnetho, Abijah, <span class="ver">5</span>Miamin, Maadiah, Bilgah, <span class="ver">6</span>Shemaiah, and Joiarib, Jedaiah, <span class="ver">7</span>Sallu, Amok, Hilkiah, Jedaiah. These were the chief of the priests and of their brethren in the days of Jeshua. <span class="ver">8</span>Moreover the Levites: Jeshua, Binnui, Kadmiel, SherebiahM
, Judah, and Mattaniah, which was over the thanksgiving, he and his brethren. <span class="ver">9</span>Also Bakbukiah and Unni, their brethren, were over against them in the watches. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And Jeshua begat Joiakim, Joiakim also begat Eliashib, and Eliashib begat Joiada, <span class="ver">11</span>And Joiada begat Jonathan, and Jonathan begat Jaddua. <span class="ver">12</span>And in the days of Joiakim were priests, the chief of the fathers: of Seraiah, Meraiah; of Jeremiah, HananiahM
; <span class="ver">13</span>Of Ezra, Meshullam; of Amariah, Jehohanan; <span class="ver">14</span>Of Melicu, Jonathan; of Shebaniah, Joseph; <span class="ver">15</span>Of Harim, Adna; of Meraioth, Helkai; <span class="ver">16</span>Of Iddo, Zechariah; of Ginnethon, Meshullam; <span class="ver">17</span>Of Abijah, Zichri; of Miniamin, of Moadiah, Piltai; <span class="ver">18</span>Of Bilgah, Shammua; of Shemaiah, Jehonathan; <span class="ver">19</span>And of Joiarib, Mattenai; of Jedaiah, Uzzi; <span class="ver">20M
</span>Of Sallai, Kallai; of Amok, Eber; <span class="ver">21</span>Of Hilkiah, Hashabiah; of Jedaiah, Nethaneel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>The Levites in the days of Eliashib, Joiada, and Johanan, and Jaddua, were recorded chief of the fathers: also the priests, to the reign of Darius the Persian. <span class="ver">23</span>The sons of Levi, the chief of the fathers, were written in the book of the chronicles, even until the days of Johanan the son of Eliashib. <span class="ver">24</span>And the chief oM
f the Levites: Hashabiah, Sherebiah, and Jeshua the son of Kadmiel, with their brethren over against them, to praise and to give thanks, according to the commandment of David the man of God, ward over against ward. <span class="ver">25</span>Mattaniah, and Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, Akkub, were porters keeping the ward at the thresholds of the gates. <span class="ver">26</span>These were in the days of Joiakim the son of Jeshua, the son of Jozadak, and in the days of Nehemiah the governor, and of Ezra tM
he priest, the scribe. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>And at the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem they sought the Levites out of all their places, to bring them to Jerusalem, to keep the dedication with gladness, both with thanksgivings, and with singing, with cymbals, psalteries, and with harps. <span class="ver">28</span>And the sons of the singers gathered themselves together, both out of the plain country round about Jerusalem, and from the villages of Netophathi; <span class="ver">29</span>Also from tM
he house of Gilgal, and out of the fields of Geba and Azmaveth: for the singers had builded them villages round about Jerusalem. <span class="ver">30</span>And the priests and the Levites purified themselves, and purified the people, and the gates, and the wall. <span class="ver">31</span>Then I brought up the princes of Judah upon the wall, and appointed two great companies of them that gave thanks, whereof one went on the right hand upon the wall toward the dung gate: <span class="ver">32</span>And after them wenM
t Hoshaiah, and half of the princes of Judah, <span class="ver">33</span>And Azariah, Ezra, and Meshullam, <span class="ver">34</span>Judah, and Benjamin, and Shemaiah, and Jeremiah, <span class="ver">35</span>And certain of the priests
sons with trumpets; namely, Zechariah the son of Jonathan, the son of Shemaiah, the son of Mattaniah, the son of Michaiah, the son of Zaccur, the son of Asaph: <span class="ver">36</span>And his brethren, Shemaiah, and Azarael, Milalai, Gilalai, Maai, Nethaneel, and Judah, HananiM
, with the musical instruments of David the man of God, and Ezra the scribe before them. <span class="ver">37</span>And at the fountain gate, which was over against them, they went up by the stairs of the city of David, at the going up of the wall, above the house of David, even unto the water gate eastward. <span class="ver">38</span>And the other company of them that gave thanks went over against them, and I after them, and the half of the people upon the wall, from beyond the tower of the furnaces even unto the M
broad wall; <span class="ver">39</span>And from above the gate of Ephraim, and above the old gate, and above the fish gate, and the tower of Hananeel, and the tower of Meah, even unto the sheep gate: and they stood still in the prison gate. <span class="ver">40</span>So stood the two companies of them that gave thanks in the house of God, and I, and the half of the rulers with me: <span class="ver">41</span>And the priests; Eliakim, Maaseiah, Miniamin, Michaiah, Elioenai, Zechariah, and Hananiah, with trumpets; <spM
an class="ver">42</span>And Maaseiah, and Shemaiah, and Eleazar, and Uzzi, and Jehohanan, and Malchijah, and Elam, and Ezer. And the singers sang loud, with Jezrahiah their overseer. <span class="ver">43</span>Also that day they offered great sacrifices, and rejoiced: for God had made them rejoice with great joy: the wives also and the children rejoiced: so that the joy of Jerusalem was heard even afar off. </p>
<p><span class="ver">44</span>And at that time were some appointed over the chambers for the treasuresM
, for the offerings, for the firstfruits, and for the tithes, to gather into them out of the fields of the cities the portions of the law for the priests and Levites: for Judah rejoiced for the priests and for the Levites that waited. <span class="ver">45</span>And both the singers and the porters kept the ward of their God, and the ward of the purification, according to the commandment of David, and of Solomon his son. <span class="ver">46</span>For in the days of David and Asaph of old there were chief of the sinM
gers, and songs of praise and thanksgiving unto God. <span class="ver">47</span>And all Israel in the days of Zerubbabel, and in the days of Nehemiah, gave the portions of the singers and the porters, every day his portion: and they sanctified holy things unto the Levites; and the Levites sanctified them unto the children of Aaron.
<h2 id="c13">Chapter 13</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>On that day they read in the book of Moses in the audience of the people; and therein was found written, that the AmmoniteM
and the Moabite should not come into the congregation of God for ever; <span class="ver">2</span>Because they met not the children of Israel with bread and with water, but hired Balaam against them, that he should curse them: howbeit our God turned the curse into a blessing. <span class="ver">3</span>Now it came to pass, when they had heard the law, that they separated from Israel all the mixed multitude. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And before this, Eliashib the priest, having the oversight of the chamber M
of the house of our God, was allied unto Tobiah: <span class="ver">5</span>And he had prepared for him a great chamber, where aforetime they laid the meat offerings, the frankincense, and the vessels, and the tithes of the corn, the new wine, and the oil, which was commanded to be given to the Levites, and the singers, and the porters; and the offerings of the priests. <span class="ver">6</span>But in all this time was not I at Jerusalem: for in the two and thirtieth year of Artaxerxes king of Babylon came I unto tM
he king, and after certain days obtained I leave of the king: <span class="ver">7</span>And I came to Jerusalem, and understood of the evil that Eliashib did for Tobiah, in preparing him a chamber in the courts of the house of God. <span class="ver">8</span>And it grieved me sore: therefore I cast forth all the household stuff of Tobiah out of the chamber. <span class="ver">9</span>Then I commanded, and they cleansed the chambers: and thither brought I again the vessels of the house of God, with the meat offering aM
nd the frankincense. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And I perceived that the portions of the Levites had not been given them: for the Levites and the singers, that did the work, were fled every one to his field. <span class="ver">11</span>Then contended I with the rulers, and said, Why is the house of God forsaken? And I gathered them together, and set them in their place. <span class="ver">12</span>Then brought all Judah the tithe of the corn and the new wine and the oil unto the treasuries. <span class="verM
">13</span>And I made treasurers over the treasuries, Shelemiah the priest, and Zadok the scribe, and of the Levites, Pedaiah: and next to them was Hanan the son of Zaccur, the son of Mattaniah: for they were counted faithful, and their office was to distribute unto their brethren. <span class="ver">14</span>Remember me, O my God, concerning this, and wipe not out my good deeds that I have done for the house of my God, and for the offices thereof. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>In those days saw I in Judah soM
me treading wine presses on the sabbath, and bringing in sheaves, and lading asses; as also wine, grapes, and figs, and all manner of burdens, which they brought into Jerusalem on the sabbath day: and I testified against them in the day wherein they sold victuals. <span class="ver">16</span>There dwelt men of Tyre also therein, which brought fish, and all manner of ware, and sold on the sabbath unto the children of Judah, and in Jerusalem. <span class="ver">17</span>Then I contended with the nobles of Judah, and saM
id unto them, What evil thing is this that ye do, and profane the sabbath day? <span class="ver">18</span>Did not your fathers thus, and did not our God bring all this evil upon us, and upon this city? yet ye bring more wrath upon Israel by profaning the sabbath. <span class="ver">19</span>And it came to pass, that when the gates of Jerusalem began to be dark before the sabbath, I commanded that the gates should be shut, and charged that they should not be opened till after the sabbath: and some of my servants set M
I at the gates, that there should no burden be brought in on the sabbath day. <span class="ver">20</span>So the merchants and sellers of all kind of ware lodged without Jerusalem once or twice. <span class="ver">21</span>Then I testified against them, and said unto them, Why lodge ye about the wall? if ye do so again, I will lay hands on you. From that time forth came they no more on the sabbath. <span class="ver">22</span>And I commanded the Levites that they should cleanse themselves, and that they should come anM
d keep the gates, to sanctify the sabbath day. Remember me, O my God, concerning this also, and spare me according to the greatness of thy mercy. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>In those days also saw I Jews that had married wives of Ashdod, of Ammon, and of Moab: <span class="ver">24</span>And their children spake half in the speech of Ashdod, and could not speak in the Jews
language, but according to the language of each people. <span class="ver">25</span>And I contended with them, and cursed them, and smM
ote certain of them, and plucked off their hair, and made them swear by God, saying, Ye shall not give your daughters unto their sons, nor take their daughters unto your sons, or for yourselves. <span class="ver">26</span>Did not Solomon king of Israel sin by these things? yet among many nations was there no king like him, who was beloved of his God, and God made him king over all Israel: nevertheless even him did outlandish women cause to sin. <span class="ver">27</span>Shall we then hearken unto you to do all thiM
s great evil, to transgress against our God in marrying strange wives? <span class="ver">28</span>And one of the sons of Joiada, the son of Eliashib the high priest, was son in law to Sanballat the Horonite: therefore I chased him from me. <span class="ver">29</span>Remember them, O my God, because they have defiled the priesthood, and the covenant of the priesthood, and of the Levites. <span class="ver">30</span>Thus cleansed I them from all strangers, and appointed the wards of the priests and the Levites, every M
one in his business; <span class="ver">31</span>And for the wood offering, at times appointed, and for the firstfruits. Remember me, O my God, for good. </p>
<p>Created by BitBible, 2023. Free to use and share for all purposes.</p>
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<title>HABAKKUK</title>
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<div class="content-table">
<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
href="#c3">3</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The burden which Habakkuk the prophet did see. <span class="ver">2</span>O LORD, how long shall I cry, and thou wilt not hear! even cry out unto thee of violence, and thou wilt not save! <span class="ver">3</span>Why dost thou shew me iniquity, and cause me to behold grievance? for spoiling and violence are before me: and there are that raise up strife and contention. <span class="ver">4</span>Therefore the law M
is slacked, and judgment doth never go forth: for the wicked doth compass about the righteous; therefore wrong judgment proceedeth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Behold ye among the heathen, and regard, and wonder marvellously: for I will work a work in your days, which ye will not believe, though it be told you. <span class="ver">6</span>For, lo, I raise up the Chaldeans, that bitter and hasty nation, which shall march through the breadth of the land, to possess the dwellingplaces that are not theirs. <span M
class="ver">7</span>They are terrible and dreadful: their judgment and their dignity shall proceed of themselves. <span class="ver">8</span>Their horses also are swifter than the leopards, and are more fierce than the evening wolves: and their horsemen shall spread themselves, and their horsemen shall come from far; they shall fly as the eagle that hasteth to eat. <span class="ver">9</span>They shall come all for violence: their faces shall sup up as the east wind, and they shall gather the captivity as the sand. <M
span class="ver">10</span>And they shall scoff at the kings, and the princes shall be a scorn unto them: they shall deride every strong hold; for they shall heap dust, and take it. <span class="ver">11</span>Then shall his mind change, and he shall pass over, and offend, imputing this his power unto his god. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Art thou not from everlasting, O LORD my God, mine Holy One? we shall not die. O LORD, thou hast ordained them for judgment; and, O mighty God, thou hast established them foM
r correction. <span class="ver">13</span>Thou art of purer eyes than to behold evil, and canst not look on iniquity: wherefore lookest thou upon them that deal treacherously, and holdest thy tongue when the wicked devoureth the man that is more righteous than he? <span class="ver">14</span>And makest men as the fishes of the sea, as the creeping things, that have no ruler over them? <span class="ver">15</span>They take up all of them with the angle, they catch them in their net, and gather them in their drag: thereM
fore they rejoice and are glad. <span class="ver">16</span>Therefore they sacrifice unto their net, and burn incense unto their drag; because by them their portion is fat, and their meat plenteous. <span class="ver">17</span>Shall they therefore empty their net, and not spare continually to slay the nations?
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>I will stand upon my watch, and set me upon the tower, and will watch to see what he will say unto me, and what I shall answer when I am reproved. <M
span class="ver">2</span>And the LORD answered me, and said, Write the vision, and make it plain upon tables, that he may run that readeth it. <span class="ver">3</span>For the vision is yet for an appointed time, but at the end it shall speak, and not lie: though it tarry, wait for it; because it will surely come, it will not tarry. <span class="ver">4</span>Behold, his soul which is lifted up is not upright in him: but the just shall live by his faith. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Yea also, because he tranM
sgresseth by wine, he is a proud man, neither keepeth at home, who enlargeth his desire as hell, and is as death, and cannot be satisfied, but gathereth unto him all nations, and heapeth unto him all people: <span class="ver">6</span>Shall not all these take up a parable against him, and a taunting proverb against him, and say, Woe to him that increaseth that which is not his! how long? and to him that ladeth himself with thick clay! <span class="ver">7</span>Shall they not rise up suddenly that shall bite thee, anM
d awake that shall vex thee, and thou shalt be for booties unto them? <span class="ver">8</span>Because thou hast spoiled many nations, all the remnant of the people shall spoil thee; because of men
s blood, and for the violence of the land, of the city, and of all that dwell therein. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Woe to him that coveteth an evil covetousness to his house, that he may set his nest on high, that he may be delivered from the power of evil! <span class="ver">10</span>Thou hast consulted shame M
to thy house by cutting off many people, and hast sinned against thy soul. <span class="ver">11</span>For the stone shall cry out of the wall, and the beam out of the timber shall answer it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Woe to him that buildeth a town with blood, and stablisheth a city by iniquity! <span class="ver">13</span>Behold, is it not of the LORD of hosts that the people shall labour in the very fire, and the people shall weary themselves for very vanity? <span class="ver">14</span>For the earth shaM
ll be filled with the knowledge of the glory of the LORD, as the waters cover the sea. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Woe unto him that giveth his neighbour drink, that puttest thy bottle to him, and makest him drunken also, that thou mayest look on their nakedness! <span class="ver">16</span>Thou art filled with shame for glory: drink thou also, and let thy foreskin be uncovered: the cup of the LORD
s right hand shall be turned unto thee, and shameful spewing shall be on thy glory. <span class="ver">17</spM
an>For the violence of Lebanon shall cover thee, and the spoil of beasts, which made them afraid, because of men
s blood, and for the violence of the land, of the city, and of all that dwell therein. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>What profiteth the graven image that the maker thereof hath graven it; the molten image, and a teacher of lies, that the maker of his work trusteth therein, to make dumb idols? <span class="ver">19</span>Woe unto him that saith to the wood, Awake; to the dumb stone, Arise, it shalM
l teach! Behold, it is laid over with gold and silver, and there is no breath at all in the midst of it. <span class="ver">20</span>But the LORD is in his holy temple: let all the earth keep silence before him.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A prayer of Habakkuk the prophet upon Shigionoth. <span class="ver">2</span>O LORD, I have heard thy speech, and was afraid: O LORD, revive thy work in the midst of the years, in the midst of the years make known; in wrath remember mercy. <span clM
ass="ver">3</span>God came from Teman, and the Holy One from mount Paran. Selah. His glory covered the heavens, and the earth was full of his praise. <span class="ver">4</span>And his brightness was as the light; he had horns coming out of his hand: and there was the hiding of his power. <span class="ver">5</span>Before him went the pestilence, and burning coals went forth at his feet. <span class="ver">6</span>He stood, and measured the earth: he beheld, and drove asunder the nations; and the everlasting mountainsM
were scattered, the perpetual hills did bow: his ways are everlasting. <span class="ver">7</span>I saw the tents of Cushan in affliction: and the curtains of the land of Midian did tremble. <span class="ver">8</span>Was the LORD displeased against the rivers? was thine anger against the rivers? was thy wrath against the sea, that thou didst ride upon thine horses and thy chariots of salvation? <span class="ver">9</span>Thy bow was made quite naked, according to the oaths of the tribes, even thy word. Selah. Thou dM
idst cleave the earth with rivers. <span class="ver">10</span>The mountains saw thee, and they trembled: the overflowing of the water passed by: the deep uttered his voice, and lifted up his hands on high. <span class="ver">11</span>The sun and moon stood still in their habitation: at the light of thine arrows they went, and at the shining of thy glittering spear. <span class="ver">12</span>Thou didst march through the land in indignation, thou didst thresh the heathen in anger. <span class="ver">13</span>Thou wentM
est forth for the salvation of thy people, even for salvation with thine anointed; thou woundedst the head out of the house of the wicked, by discovering the foundation unto the neck. Selah. <span class="ver">14</span>Thou didst strike through with his staves the head of his villages: they came out as a whirlwind to scatter me: their rejoicing was as to devour the poor secretly. <span class="ver">15</span>Thou didst walk through the sea with thine horses, through the heap of great waters. <span class="ver">16</spanM
>When I heard, my belly trembled; my lips quivered at the voice: rottenness entered into my bones, and I trembled in myself, that I might rest in the day of trouble: when he cometh up unto the people, he will invade them with his troops. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Although the fig tree shall not blossom, neither shall fruit be in the vines; the labour of the olive shall fail, and the fields shall yield no meat; the flock shall be cut off from the fold, and there shall be no herd in the stalls: <span classM
="ver">18</span>Yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will joy in the God of my salvation. <span class="ver">19</span>The LORD God is my strength, and he will make my feet like hinds
feet, and he will make me to walk upon mine high places. To the chief singer on my stringed instruments. </p>
<p>Created by BitBible, 2023. Free to use and share for all purposes.</p>
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ETCHING.NET - DIGITAL ARTIFACT INDEX
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The Analog Insurgency
So you went to the moon
But now you can't go back again
If ever my sails get filled again
I'm hopin' my baby will reel me back in
And maybe we'll take a trip and roll
Beyond the Southern pole
And maybe we won't be afraid
Maybe we won't be afraid
Maybe we'll take a trip and fly
Across the Southern sky
You're such a hot little tease
Don't give me that freeze
Then drop me like some techie loopin' tune
Sailing along the sM
When will I see you do it again
If ever my sails get filled again
I'm hopin' my baby will reel me back
Hopin' my baby will reel me back
I'm hopin' my baby will reel me back
And maybe we'll take a trip and fly
Across the Southern sky
And maybe we would take up arms
Sing our songs and right the wrong
Oh, you never know where your heart winds up
When you open up your mind
Maybe we won't be afraid
Baby, we won't be afraid
Oh, you never know where your heart winds up
When you openLY up your mind
Oh, you never know where your heart winds up
When you open up your eyes
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um cheque sem Fundo
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Tell me, O muse, of that ingenious hero who travelled far and wide
after he had sacked the famous town of Troy. Many cities did he visit,
and many were the nations with whose manners and customs he was acquainted;
moreover he suffered much by sea while trying to save his own life
and bring his men safely home; but do what he might he could not save
his men, for they perished through their own sheer folly in eating
the cattle of the Sun-god Hyperion; so the gM
od prevented them from
ever reaching home. Tell me, too, about all these things, O daughter
of Jove, from whatsoever source you may know them.
So now all who escaped death in battle or by shipwreck had got safely
home except Ulysses, and he, though he was longing to return to his
wife and country, was detained by the goddess Calypso, who had got
him into a large cave and wanted to marry him. But as years went by,
there came a time when the gods settled that he should go back to
Ithaca; even then, howeverM
, when he was among his own people, his
troubles were not yet over; nevertheless all the gods had now begun
to pity him except Neptune, who still persecuted him without ceasing
and would not let him get home.
Now Neptune had gone off to the Ethiopians, who are at the world's
end, and lie in two halves, the one looking West and the other East.
He had gone there to accept a hecatomb of sheep and oxen, and was
enjoying himself at his festival; but the other gods met in the house
of Olympian Jove, and the siM
re of gods and men spoke first. At that
moment he was thinking of Aegisthus, who had been killed by Agamemnon's
son Orestes; so he said to the other gods:
"See now, how men lay blame upon us gods for what is after all nothing
but their own folly. Look at Aegisthus; he must needs make love to
Agamemnon's wife unrighteously and then kill Agamemnon, though he
knew it would be the death of him; for I sent Mercury to warn him
not to do either of these things, inasmuch as Orestes would be sure
nge when he grew up and wanted to return home. Mercury
told him this in all good will but he would not listen, and now he
has paid for everything in full."
Then Minerva said, "Father, son of Saturn, King of kings, it served
Aegisthus right, and so it would any one else who does as he did;
but Aegisthus is neither here nor there; it is for Ulysses that my
heart bleeds, when I think of his sufferings in that lonely sea-girt
island, far away, poor man, from all his friends. It is an island
st, in the very middle of the sea, and a goddess
lives there, daughter of the magician Atlas, who looks after the bottom
of the ocean, and carries the great columns that keep heaven and earth
asunder. This daughter of Atlas has got hold of poor unhappy Ulysses,
and keeps trying by every kind of blandishment to make him forget
his home, so that he is tired of life, and thinks of nothing but how
he may once more see the smoke of his own chimneys. You, sir, take
no heed of this, and yet when Ulysses was before M
Troy did he not propitiate
you with many a burnt sacrifice? Why then should you keep on being
so angry with him?"
And Jove said, "My child, what are you talking about? How can I forget
Ulysses than whom there is no more capable man on earth, nor more
liberal in his offerings to the immortal gods that live in heaven?
Bear in mind, however, that Neptune is still furious with Ulysses
for having blinded an eye of Polyphemus king of the Cyclopes. Polyphemus
is son to Neptune by the nymph Thoosa, daughter to tM
he sea-king Phorcys;
therefore though he will not kill Ulysses outright, he torments him
by preventing him from getting home. Still, let us lay our heads together
and see how we can help him to return; Neptune will then be pacified,
for if we are all of a mind he can hardly stand out against us."
And Minerva said, "Father, son of Saturn, King of kings, if, then,
the gods now mean that Ulysses should get home, we should first send
Mercury to the Ogygian island to tell Calypso that we have made up
and that he is to return. In the meantime I will go to Ithaca,
to put heart into Ulysses' son Telemachus; I will embolden him to
call the Achaeans in assembly, and speak out to the suitors of his
mother Penelope, who persist in eating up any number of his sheep
and oxen; I will also conduct him to Sparta and to Pylos, to see if
he can hear anything about the return of his dear father- for this
will make people speak well of him."
So saying she bound on her glittering golden sandals, imperishable,
hich she can fly like the wind over land or sea; she grasped
the redoubtable bronze-shod spear, so stout and sturdy and strong,
wherewith she quells the ranks of heroes who have displeased her,
and down she darted from the topmost summits of Olympus, whereon forthwith
she was in Ithaca, at the gateway of Ulysses' house, disguised as
a visitor, Mentes, chief of the Taphians, and she held a bronze spear
in her hand. There she found the lordly suitors seated on hides of
the oxen which they had killed and eaten,M
and playing draughts in
front of the house. Men-servants and pages were bustling about to
wait upon them, some mixing wine with water in the mixing-bowls, some
cleaning down the tables with wet sponges and laying them out again,
and some cutting up great quantities of meat.
Telemachus saw her long before any one else did. He was sitting moodily
among the suitors thinking about his brave father, and how he would
send them flying out of the house, if he were to come to his own again
and be honoured as in M
days gone by. Thus brooding as he sat among
them, he caught sight of Minerva and went straight to the gate, for
he was vexed that a stranger should be kept waiting for admittance.
He took her right hand in his own, and bade her give him her spear.
"Welcome," said he, "to our house, and when you have partaken of food
you shall tell us what you have come for."
He led the way as he spoke, and Minerva followed him. When they were
within he took her spear and set it in the spear- stand against a
g-post along with the many other spears of his unhappy
father, and he conducted her to a richly decorated seat under which
he threw a cloth of damask. There was a footstool also for her feet,
and he set another seat near her for himself, away from the suitors,
that she might not be annoyed while eating by their noise and insolence,
and that he might ask her more freely about his father.
A maid servant then brought them water in a beautiful golden ewer
and poured it into a silver basin for them to wash theM
she drew a clean table beside them. An upper servant brought them
bread, and offered them many good things of what there was in the
house, the carver fetched them plates of all manner of meats and set
cups of gold by their side, and a man-servant brought them wine and
poured it out for them.
Then the suitors came in and took their places on the benches and
seats. Forthwith men servants poured water over their hands, maids
went round with the bread-baskets, pages filled the mixing-bowls withM
wine and water, and they laid their hands upon the good things that
were before them. As soon as they had had enough to eat and drink
they wanted music and dancing, which are the crowning embellishments
of a banquet, so a servant brought a lyre to Phemius, whom they compelled
perforce to sing to them. As soon as he touched his lyre and began
to sing Telemachus spoke low to Minerva, with his head close to hers
that no man might hear.
"I hope, sir," said he, "that you will not be offended with what I
going to say. Singing comes cheap to those who do not pay for it,
and all this is done at the cost of one whose bones lie rotting in
some wilderness or grinding to powder in the surf. If these men were
to see my father come back to Ithaca they would pray for longer legs
rather than a longer purse, for money would not serve them; but he,
alas, has fallen on an ill fate, and even when people do sometimes
say that he is coming, we no longer heed them; we shall never see
him again. And now, sir, tell me and tellM
me true, who you are and
where you come from. Tell me of your town and parents, what manner
of ship you came in, how your crew brought you to Ithaca, and of what
nation they declared themselves to be- for you cannot have come by
land. Tell me also truly, for I want to know, are you a stranger to
this house, or have you been here in my father's time? In the old
days we had many visitors for my father went about much himself."
And Minerva answered, "I will tell you truly and particularly all
Mentes, son of Anchialus, and I am King of the Taphians.
I have come here with my ship and crew, on a voyage to men of a foreign
tongue being bound for Temesa with a cargo of iron, and I shall bring
back copper. As for my ship, it lies over yonder off the open country
away from the town, in the harbour Rheithron under the wooded mountain
Neritum. Our fathers were friends before us, as old Laertes will tell
you, if you will go and ask him. They say, however, that he never
comes to town now, and lives by himsM
elf in the country, faring hardly,
with an old woman to look after him and get his dinner for him, when
he comes in tired from pottering about his vineyard. They told me
your father was at home again, and that was why I came, but it seems
the gods are still keeping him back, for he is not dead yet not on
the mainland. It is more likely he is on some sea-girt island in mid
ocean, or a prisoner among savages who are detaining him against his
will I am no prophet, and know very little about omens, but I speak
as it is borne in upon me from heaven, and assure you that he will
not be away much longer; for he is a man of such resource that even
though he were in chains of iron he would find some means of getting
home again. But tell me, and tell me true, can Ulysses really have
such a fine looking fellow for a son? You are indeed wonderfully like
him about the head and eyes, for we were close friends before he set
sail for Troy where the flower of all the Argives went also. Since
that time we have never either of usM
"My mother," answered Telemachus, tells me I am son to Ulysses, but
it is a wise child that knows his own father. Would that I were son
to one who had grown old upon his own estates, for, since you ask
me, there is no more ill-starred man under heaven than he who they
tell me is my father."
And Minerva said, "There is no fear of your race dying out yet, while
Penelope has such a fine son as you are. But tell me, and tell me
true, what is the meaning of all this feasting, and who are M
people? What is it all about? Have you some banquet, or is there a
wedding in the family- for no one seems to be bringing any provisions
of his own? And the guests- how atrociously they are behaving; what
riot they make over the whole house; it is enough to disgust any respectable
person who comes near them."
"Sir," said Telemachus, "as regards your question, so long as my father
was here it was well with us and with the house, but the gods in their
displeasure have willed it otherwise, and have hiM
closely than mortal man was ever yet hidden. I could have borne it
better even though he were dead, if he had fallen with his men before
Troy, or had died with friends around him when the days of his fighting
were done; for then the Achaeans would have built a mound over his
ashes, and I should myself have been heir to his renown; but now the
storm-winds have spirited him away we know not wither; he is gone
without leaving so much as a trace behind him, and I inherit nothing
or does the matter end simply with grief for the loss
of my father; heaven has laid sorrows upon me of yet another kind;
for the chiefs from all our islands, Dulichium, Same, and the woodland
island of Zacynthus, as also all the principal men of Ithaca itself,
are eating up my house under the pretext of paying their court to
my mother, who will neither point blank say that she will not marry,
nor yet bring matters to an end; so they are making havoc of my estate,
and before long will do so also with myself."M
"Is that so?" exclaimed Minerva, "then you do indeed want Ulysses
home again. Give him his helmet, shield, and a couple lances, and
if he is the man he was when I first knew him in our house, drinking
and making merry, he would soon lay his hands about these rascally
suitors, were he to stand once more upon his own threshold. He was
then coming from Ephyra, where he had been to beg poison for his arrows
from Ilus, son of Mermerus. Ilus feared the ever-living gods and would
not give him any, but my fatheM
r let him have some, for he was very
fond of him. If Ulysses is the man he then was these suitors will
have a short shrift and a sorry wedding.
"But there! It rests with heaven to determine whether he is to return,
and take his revenge in his own house or no; I would, however, urge
you to set about trying to get rid of these suitors at once. Take
my advice, call the Achaean heroes in assembly to-morrow -lay your
case before them, and call heaven to bear you witness. Bid the suitors
take themselves off, eM
ach to his own place, and if your mother's mind
is set on marrying again, let her go back to her father, who will
find her a husband and provide her with all the marriage gifts that
so dear a daughter may expect. As for yourself, let me prevail upon
you to take the best ship you can get, with a crew of twenty men,
and go in quest of your father who has so long been missing. Some
one may tell you something, or (and people often hear things in this
way) some heaven-sent message may direct you. First go to PyloM
ask Nestor; thence go on to Sparta and visit Menelaus, for he got
home last of all the Achaeans; if you hear that your father is alive
and on his way home, you can put up with the waste these suitors will
make for yet another twelve months. If on the other hand you hear
of his death, come home at once, celebrate his funeral rites with
all due pomp, build a barrow to his memory, and make your mother marry
again. Then, having done all this, think it well over in your mind
how, by fair means or foul, youM
may kill these suitors in your own
house. You are too old to plead infancy any longer; have you not heard
how people are singing Orestes' praises for having killed his father's
murderer Aegisthus? You are a fine, smart looking fellow; show your
mettle, then, and make yourself a name in story. Now, however, I must
go back to my ship and to my crew, who will be impatient if I keep
them waiting longer; think the matter over for yourself, and remember
what I have said to you."
"Sir," answered Telemachus, "iM
t has been very kind of you to talk
to me in this way, as though I were your own son, and I will do all
you tell me; I know you want to be getting on with your voyage, but
stay a little longer till you have taken a bath and refreshed yourself.
I will then give you a present, and you shall go on your way rejoicing;
I will give you one of great beauty and value- a keepsake such as
only dear friends give to one another."
Minerva answered, "Do not try to keep me, for I would be on my way
at once. As for any M
present you may be disposed to make me, keep it
till I come again, and I will take it home with me. You shall give
me a very good one, and I will give you one of no less value in return."
With these words she flew away like a bird into the air, but she had
given Telemachus courage, and had made him think more than ever about
his father. He felt the change, wondered at it, and knew that the
stranger had been a god, so he went straight to where the suitors
Phemius was still singing, and hisM
hearers sat rapt in silence as
he told the sad tale of the return from Troy, and the ills Minerva
had laid upon the Achaeans. Penelope, daughter of Icarius, heard his
song from her room upstairs, and came down by the great staircase,
not alone, but attended by two of her handmaids. When she reached
the suitors she stood by one of the bearing posts that supported the
roof of the cloisters with a staid maiden on either side of her. She
held a veil, moreover, before her face, and was weeping bitterly.
ius," she cried, "you know many another feat of gods and heroes,
such as poets love to celebrate. Sing the suitors some one of these,
and let them drink their wine in silence, but cease this sad tale,
for it breaks my sorrowful heart, and reminds me of my lost husband
whom I mourn ever without ceasing, and whose name was great over all
Hellas and middle Argos."
"Mother," answered Telemachus, "let the bard sing what he has a mind
to; bards do not make the ills they sing of; it is Jove, not they,
them, and who sends weal or woe upon mankind according to
his own good pleasure. This fellow means no harm by singing the ill-fated
return of the Danaans, for people always applaud the latest songs
most warmly. Make up your mind to it and bear it; Ulysses is not the
only man who never came back from Troy, but many another went down
as well as he. Go, then, within the house and busy yourself with your
daily duties, your loom, your distaff, and the ordering of your servants;
for speech is man's matter, and miM
ne above all others- for it is I
who am master here."
She went wondering back into the house, and laid her son's saying
in her heart. Then, going upstairs with her handmaids into her room,
she mourned her dear husband till Minerva shed sweet sleep over her
eyes. But the suitors were clamorous throughout the covered cloisters,
and prayed each one that he might be her bed fellow.
Then Telemachus spoke, "Shameless," he cried, "and insolent suitors,
let us feast at our pleasure now, and let there be no brM
it is a rare thing to hear a man with such a divine voice as Phemius
has; but in the morning meet me in full assembly that I may give you
formal notice to depart, and feast at one another's houses, turn and
turn about, at your own cost. If on the other hand you choose to persist
in spunging upon one man, heaven help me, but Jove shall reckon with
you in full, and when you fall in my father's house there shall be
no man to avenge you."
The suitors bit their lips as they heard him, and marvelleM
boldness of his speech. Then, Antinous, son of Eupeithes, said, "The
gods seem to have given you lessons in bluster and tall talking; may
Jove never grant you to be chief in Ithaca as your father was before
Telemachus answered, "Antinous, do not chide with me, but, god willing,
I will be chief too if I can. Is this the worst fate you can think
of for me? It is no bad thing to be a chief, for it brings both riches
and honour. Still, now that Ulysses is dead there are many great men
ca both old and young, and some other may take the lead among
them; nevertheless I will be chief in my own house, and will rule
those whom Ulysses has won for me."
Then Eurymachus, son of Polybus, answered, "It rests with heaven to
decide who shall be chief among us, but you shall be master in your
own house and over your own possessions; no one while there is a man
in Ithaca shall do you violence nor rob you. And now, my good fellow,
I want to know about this stranger. What country does he come from?
what family is he, and where is his estate? Has he brought you
news about the return of your father, or was he on business of his
own? He seemed a well-to-do man, but he hurried off so suddenly that
he was gone in a moment before we could get to know him."
"My father is dead and gone," answered Telemachus, "and even if some
rumour reaches me I put no more faith in it now. My mother does indeed
sometimes send for a soothsayer and question him, but I give his prophecyings
no heed. As for the stranger, he waM
s Mentes, son of Anchialus, chief
of the Taphians, an old friend of my father's." But in his heart he
knew that it had been the goddess.
The suitors then returned to their singing and dancing until the evening;
but when night fell upon their pleasuring they went home to bed each
in his own abode. Telemachus's room was high up in a tower that looked
on to the outer court; hither, then, he hied, brooding and full of
thought. A good old woman, Euryclea, daughter of Ops, the son of Pisenor,
ith a couple of blazing torches. Laertes had bought
her with his own money when she was quite young; he gave the worth
of twenty oxen for her, and shewed as much respect to her in his household
as he did to his own wedded wife, but he did not take her to his bed
for he feared his wife's resentment. She it was who now lighted Telemachus
to his room, and she loved him better than any of the other women
in the house did, for she had nursed him when he was a baby. He opened
the door of his bed room and sat down M
upon the bed; as he took off
his shirt he gave it to the good old woman, who folded it tidily up,
and hung it for him over a peg by his bed side, after which she went
out, pulled the door to by a silver catch, and drew the bolt home
by means of the strap. But Telemachus as he lay covered with a woollen
fleece kept thinking all night through of his intended voyage of the
counsel that Minerva had given him.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ld of morning, rosy-fingered Dawn, appeared, Telemachus
rose and dressed himself. He bound his sandals on to his comely feet,
girded his sword about his shoulder, and left his room looking like
an immortal god. He at once sent the criers round to call the people
in assembly, so they called them and the people gathered thereon;
then, when they were got together, he went to the place of assembly
spear in hand- not alone, for his two hounds went with him. Minerva
endowed him with a presence of such divine comelM
iness that all marvelled
at him as he went by, and when he took his place' in his father's
seat even the oldest councillors made way for him.
Aegyptius, a man bent double with age, and of infinite experience,
the first to speak His son Antiphus had gone with Ulysses to Ilius,
land of noble steeds, but the savage Cyclops had killed him when they
were all shut up in the cave, and had cooked his last dinner for him,
He had three sons left, of whom two still worked on their father's
land, while the third, EuM
rynomus, was one of the suitors; nevertheless
their father could not get over the loss of Antiphus, and was still
weeping for him when he began his speech.
"Men of Ithaca," he said, "hear my words. From the day Ulysses left
us there has been no meeting of our councillors until now; who then
can it be, whether old or young, that finds it so necessary to convene
us? Has he got wind of some host approaching, and does he wish to
warn us, or would he speak upon some other matter of public moment?
is an excellent person, and I hope Jove will grant him
his heart's desire."
Telemachus took this speech as of good omen and rose at once, for
he was bursting with what he had to say. He stood in the middle of
the assembly and the good herald Pisenor brought him his staff. Then,
turning to Aegyptius, "Sir," said he, "it is I, as you will shortly
learn, who have convened you, for it is I who am the most aggrieved.
I have not got wind of any host approaching about which I would warn
you, nor is there any mM
atter of public moment on which I would speak.
My grieveance is purely personal, and turns on two great misfortunes
which have fallen upon my house. The first of these is the loss of
my excellent father, who was chief among all you here present, and
was like a father to every one of you; the second is much more serious,
and ere long will be the utter ruin of my estate. The sons of all
the chief men among you are pestering my mother to marry them against
her will. They are afraid to go to her father Icarius, M
to choose the one he likes best, and to provide marriage gifts for
his daughter, but day by day they keep hanging about my father's house,
sacrificing our oxen, sheep, and fat goats for their banquets, and
never giving so much as a thought to the quantity of wine they drink.
No estate can stand such recklessness; we have now no Ulysses to ward
off harm from our doors, and I cannot hold my own against them. I
shall never all my days be as good a man as he was, still I would
indeed defend myself ifM
I had power to do so, for I cannot stand such
treatment any longer; my house is being disgraced and ruined. Have
respect, therefore, to your own consciences and to public opinion.
Fear, too, the wrath of heaven, lest the gods should be displeased
and turn upon you. I pray you by Jove and Themis, who is the beginning
and the end of councils, [do not] hold back, my friends, and leave
me singlehanded- unless it be that my brave father Ulysses did some
wrong to the Achaeans which you would now avenge on me, by M
and abetting these suitors. Moreover, if I am to be eaten out of house
and home at all, I had rather you did the eating yourselves, for I
could then take action against you to some purpose, and serve you
with notices from house to house till I got paid in full, whereas
now I have no remedy."
With this Telemachus dashed his staff to the ground and burst into
tears. Every one was very sorry for him, but they all sat still and
no one ventured to make him an angry answer, save only Antinous, who
"Telemachus, insolent braggart that you are, how dare you try to throw
the blame upon us suitors? It is your mother's fault not ours, for
she is a very artful woman. This three years past, and close on four,
she has been driving us out of our minds, by encouraging each one
of us, and sending him messages without meaning one word of what she
says. And then there was that other trick she played us. She set up
a great tambour frame in her room, and began to work on an enormous
piece of fine needlewoM
rk. 'Sweet hearts,' said she, 'Ulysses is indeed
dead, still do not press me to marry again immediately, wait- for
I would not have skill in needlework perish unrecorded- till I have
completed a pall for the hero Laertes, to be in readiness against
the time when death shall take him. He is very rich, and the women
of the place will talk if he is laid out without a pall.'
"This was what she said, and we assented; whereon we could see her
working on her great web all day long, but at night she would unpick
the stitches again by torchlight. She fooled us in this way for three
years and we never found her out, but as time wore on and she was
now in her fourth year, one of her maids who knew what she was doing
told us, and we caught her in the act of undoing her work, so she
had to finish it whether she would or no. The suitors, therefore,
make you this answer, that both you and the Achaeans may understand-'Send
your mother away, and bid her marry the man of her own and of her
father's choice'; for I do not know M
what will happen if she goes on
plaguing us much longer with the airs she gives herself on the score
of the accomplishments Minerva has taught her, and because she is
so clever. We never yet heard of such a woman; we know all about Tyro,
Alcmena, Mycene, and the famous women of old, but they were nothing
to your mother, any one of them. It was not fair of her to treat us
in that way, and as long as she continues in the mind with which heaven
has now endowed her, so long shall we go on eating up your estate;
and I do not see why she should change, for she gets all the honour
and glory, and it is you who pay for it, not she. Understand, then,
that we will not go back to our lands, neither here nor elsewhere,
till she has made her choice and married some one or other of us."
Telemachus answered, "Antinous, how can I drive the mother who bore
me from my father's house? My father is abroad and we do not know
whether he is alive or dead. It will be hard on me if I have to pay
Icarius the large sum which I must givM
e him if I insist on sending
his daughter back to him. Not only will he deal rigorously with me,
but heaven will also punish me; for my mother when she leaves the
house will calf on the Erinyes to avenge her; besides, it would not
be a creditable thing to do, and I will have nothing to say to it.
If you choose to take offence at this, leave the house and feast elsewhere
at one another's houses at your own cost turn and turn about. If,
on the other hand, you elect to persist in spunging upon one man,
help me, but Jove shall reckon with you in full, and when you
fall in my father's house there shall be no man to avenge you."
As he spoke Jove sent two eagles from the top of the mountain, and
they flew on and on with the wind, sailing side by side in their own
lordly flight. When they were right over the middle of the assembly
they wheeled and circled about, beating the air with their wings and
glaring death into the eyes of them that were below; then, fighting
fiercely and tearing at one another, they flM
ew off towards the right
over the town. The people wondered as they saw them, and asked each
other what an this might be; whereon Halitherses, who was the best
prophet and reader of omens among them, spoke to them plainly and
in all honesty, saying:
"Hear me, men of Ithaca, and I speak more particularly to the suitors,
for I see mischief brewing for them. Ulysses is not going to be away
much longer; indeed he is close at hand to deal out death and destruction,
not on them alone, but on many another of usM
who live in Ithaca. Let
us then be wise in time, and put a stop to this wickedness before
he comes. Let the suitors do so of their own accord; it will be better
for them, for I am not prophesying without due knowledge; everything
has happened to Ulysses as I foretold when the Argives set out for
Troy, and he with them. I said that after going through much hardship
and losing all his men he should come home again in the twentieth
year and that no one would know him; and now all this is coming true."
achus son of Polybus then said, "Go home, old man, and prophesy
to your own children, or it may be worse for them. I can read these
omens myself much better than you can; birds are always flying about
in the sunshine somewhere or other, but they seldom mean anything.
Ulysses has died in a far country, and it is a pity you are not dead
along with him, instead of prating here about omens and adding fuel
to the anger of Telemachus which is fierce enough as it is. I suppose
you think he will give you something fM
or your family, but I tell you-
and it shall surely be- when an old man like you, who should know
better, talks a young one over till he becomes troublesome, in the
first place his young friend will only fare so much the worse- he
will take nothing by it, for the suitors will prevent this- and in
the next, we will lay a heavier fine, sir, upon yourself than you
will at all like paying, for it will bear hardly upon you. As for
Telemachus, I warn him in the presence of you all to send his mother
ather, who will find her a husband and provide her with
all the marriage gifts so dear a daughter may expect. Till we shall
go on harassing him with our suit; for we fear no man, and care neither
for him, with all his fine speeches, nor for any fortune-telling of
yours. You may preach as much as you please, but we shall only hate
you the more. We shall go back and continue to eat up Telemachus's
estate without paying him, till such time as his mother leaves off
tormenting us by keeping us day after day on thM
e tiptoe of expectation,
each vying with the other in his suit for a prize of such rare perfection.
Besides we cannot go after the other women whom we should marry in
due course, but for the way in which she treats us."
Then Telemachus said, "Eurymachus, and you other suitors, I shall
say no more, and entreat you no further, for the gods and the people
of Ithaca now know my story. Give me, then, a ship and a crew of twenty
men to take me hither and thither, and I will go to Sparta and to
f my father who has so long been missing. Some one
may tell me something, or (and people often hear things in this way)
some heaven-sent message may direct me. If I can hear of him as alive
and on his way home I will put up with the waste you suitors will
make for yet another twelve months. If on the other hand I hear of
his death, I will return at once, celebrate his funeral rites with
all due pomp, build a barrow to his memory, and make my mother marry
With these words he sat down, and Mentor wM
ho had been a friend of
Ulysses, and had been left in charge of everything with full authority
over the servants, rose to speak. He, then, plainly and in all honesty
addressed them thus:
"Hear me, men of Ithaca, I hope that you may never have a kind and
well-disposed ruler any more, nor one who will govern you equitably;
I hope that all your chiefs henceforward may be cruel and unjust,
for there is not one of you but has forgotten Ulysses, who ruled you
as though he were your father. I am not half so angM
ry with the suitors,
for if they choose to do violence in the naughtiness of their hearts,
and wager their heads that Ulysses will not return, they can take
the high hand and eat up his estate, but as for you others I am shocked
at the way in which you all sit still without even trying to stop
such scandalous goings on-which you could do if you chose, for you
are many and they are few."
Leiocritus, son of Evenor, answered him saying, "Mentor, what folly
is all this, that you should set the people to stayM
thing for one man to fight with many about his victuals. Even though
Ulysses himself were to set upon us while we are feasting in his house,
and do his best to oust us, his wife, who wants him back so very badly,
would have small cause for rejoicing, and his blood would be upon
his own head if he fought against such great odds. There is no sense
in what you have been saying. Now, therefore, do you people go about
your business, and let his father's old friends, Mentor and Halitherses,
d this boy on his journey, if he goes at all- which I do not think
he will, for he is more likely to stay where he is till some one comes
and tells him something."
On this he broke up the assembly, and every man went back to his own
abode, while the suitors returned to the house of Ulysses.
Then Telemachus went all alone by the sea side, washed his hands in
the grey waves, and prayed to Minerva.
"Hear me," he cried, "you god who visited me yesterday, and bade me
sail the seas in search of my father M
who has so long been missing.
I would obey you, but the Achaeans, and more particularly the wicked
suitors, are hindering me that I cannot do so."
As he thus prayed, Minerva came close up to him in the likeness and
with the voice of Mentor. "Telemachus," said she, "if you are made
of the same stuff as your father you will be neither fool nor coward
henceforward, for Ulysses never broke his word nor left his work half
done. If, then, you take after him, your voyage will not be fruitless,
ve the blood of Ulysses and of Penelope in your veins
I see no likelihood of your succeeding. Sons are seldom as good men
as their fathers; they are generally worse, not better; still, as
you are not going to be either fool or coward henceforward, and are
not entirely without some share of your father's wise discernment,
I look with hope upon your undertaking. But mind you never make common
cause with any of those foolish suitors, for they have neither sense
nor virtue, and give no thought to death and to thM
shortly fall on one and all of them, so that they shall perish on
the same day. As for your voyage, it shall not be long delayed; your
father was such an old friend of mine that I will find you a ship,
and will come with you myself. Now, however, return home, and go about
among the suitors; begin getting provisions ready for your voyage;
see everything well stowed, the wine in jars, and the barley meal,
which is the staff of life, in leathern bags, while I go round the
town and beat up voluM
nteers at once. There are many ships in Ithaca
both old and new; I will run my eye over them for you and will choose
the best; we will get her ready and will put out to sea without delay."
Thus spoke Minerva daughter of Jove, and Telemachus lost no time in
doing as the goddess told him. He went moodily and found the suitors
flaying goats and singeing pigs in the outer court. Antinous came
up to him at once and laughed as he took his hand in his own, saying,
"Telemachus, my fine fire-eater, bear no more illM
word nor deed, but eat and drink with us as you used to do. The Achaeans
will find you in everything- a ship and a picked crew to boot- so
that you can set sail for Pylos at once and get news of your noble
"Antinous," answered Telemachus, "I cannot eat in peace, nor take
pleasure of any kind with such men as you are. Was it not enough that
you should waste so much good property of mine while I was yet a boy?
Now that I am older and know more about it, I am also stronger, and
hether here among this people, or by going to Pylos, I will do you
all the harm I can. I shall go, and my going will not be in vain though,
thanks to you suitors, I have neither ship nor crew of my own, and
must be passenger not captain."
As he spoke he snatched his hand from that of Antinous. Meanwhile
the others went on getting dinner ready about the buildings, jeering
at him tauntingly as they did so.
"Telemachus," said one youngster, "means to be the death of us; I
suppose he thinks he can bring fM
riends to help him from Pylos, or
again from Sparta, where he seems bent on going. Or will he go to
Ephyra as well, for poison to put in our wine and kill us?"
Another said, "Perhaps if Telemachus goes on board ship, he will be
like his father and perish far from his friends. In this case we should
have plenty to do, for we could then divide up his property amongst
us: as for the house we can let his mother and the man who marries
This was how they talked. But Telemachus went down into M
and spacious store-room where his father's treasure of gold and bronze
lay heaped up upon the floor, and where the linen and spare clothes
were kept in open chests. Here, too, there was a store of fragrant
olive oil, while casks of old, well-ripened wine, unblended and fit
for a god to drink, were ranged against the wall in case Ulysses should
come home again after all. The room was closed with well-made doors
opening in the middle; moreover the faithful old house-keeper Euryclea,
the son of Pisenor, was in charge of everything both
night and day. Telemachus called her to the store-room and said:
"Nurse, draw me off some of the best wine you have, after what you
are keeping for my father's own drinking, in case, poor man, he should
escape death, and find his way home again after all. Let me have twelve
jars, and see that they all have lids; also fill me some well-sewn
leathern bags with barley meal- about twenty measures in all. Get
these things put together at once, and say nothingM
take everything away this evening as soon as my mother has gone upstairs
for the night. I am going to Sparta and to Pylos to see if I can hear
anything about the return of my dear father.
When Euryclea heard this she began to cry, and spoke fondly to him,
saying, "My dear child, what ever can have put such notion as that
into your head? Where in the world do you want to go to- you, who
are the one hope of the house? Your poor father is dead and gone in
some foreign country nobody knows M
where, and as soon as your back
is turned these wicked ones here will be scheming to get you put out
of the way, and will share all your possessions among themselves;
stay where you are among your own people, and do not go wandering
and worrying your life out on the barren ocean."
"Fear not, nurse," answered Telemachus, "my scheme is not without
heaven's sanction; but swear that you will say nothing about all this
to my mother, till I have been away some ten or twelve days, unless
she hears of my having M
gone, and asks you; for I do not want her to
spoil her beauty by crying."
The old woman swore most solemnly that she would not, and when she
had completed her oath, she began drawing off the wine into jars,
and getting the barley meal into the bags, while Telemachus went back
Then Minerva bethought her of another matter. She took his shape,
and went round the town to each one of the crew, telling them to meet
at the ship by sundown. She went also to Noemon son of Phronius, and
im to let her have a ship- which he was very ready to do. When
the sun had set and darkness was over all the land, she got the ship
into the water, put all the tackle on board her that ships generally
carry, and stationed her at the end of the harbour. Presently the
crew came up, and the goddess spoke encouragingly to each of them.
Furthermore she went to the house of Ulysses, and threw the suitors
into a deep slumber. She caused their drink to fuddle them, and made
them drop their cups from their hands, sM
o that instead of sitting
over their wine, they went back into the town to sleep, with their
eyes heavy and full of drowsiness. Then she took the form and voice
of Mentor, and called Telemachus to come outside.
"Telemachus," said she, "the men are on board and at their oars, waiting
for you to give your orders, so make haste and let us be off."
On this she led the way, while Telemachus followed in her steps. When
they got to the ship they found the crew waiting by the water side,
and Telemachus said, "M
Now my men, help me to get the stores on board;
they are all put together in the cloister, and my mother does not
know anything about it, nor any of the maid servants except one."
With these words he led the way and the others followed after. When
they had brought the things as he told them, Telemachus went on board,
Minerva going before him and taking her seat in the stern of the vessel,
while Telemachus sat beside her. Then the men loosed the hawsers and
took their places on the benches. Minerva sent theM
the West, that whistled over the deep blue waves whereon Telemachus
told them to catch hold of the ropes and hoist sail, and they did
as he told them. They set the mast in its socket in the cross plank,
raised it, and made it fast with the forestays; then they hoisted
their white sails aloft with ropes of twisted ox hide. As the sail
bellied out with the wind, the ship flew through the deep blue water,
and the foam hissed against her bows as she sped onward. Then they
made all fast througM
hout the ship, filled the mixing-bowls to the
brim, and made drink offerings to the immortal gods that are from
everlasting, but more particularly to the grey-eyed daughter of Jove.
Thus, then, the ship sped on her way through the watches of the night
from dark till dawn.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
But as the sun was rising from the fair sea into the firmament of
heaven to shed light on mortals and immortals, they reached Pylos
s. Now the people of Pylos were gathered on the sea
shore to offer sacrifice of black bulls to Neptune lord of the Earthquake.
There were nine guilds with five hundred men in each, and there were
nine bulls to each guild. As they were eating the inward meats and
burning the thigh bones [on the embers] in the name of Neptune, Telemachus
and his crew arrived, furled their sails, brought their ship to anchor,
Minerva led the way and Telemachus followed her. Presently she said,
you must not be in the least shy or nervous; you have
taken this voyage to try and find out where your father is buried
and how he came by his end; so go straight up to Nestor that we may
see what he has got to tell us. Beg of him to speak the truth, and
he will tell no lies, for he is an excellent person."
"But how, Mentor," replied Telemachus, "dare I go up to Nestor, and
how am I to address him? I have never yet been used to holding long
conversations with people, and am ashamed to begin questioning onM
who is so much older than myself."
"Some things, Telemachus," answered Minerva, "will be suggested to
you by your own instinct, and heaven will prompt you further; for
I am assured that the gods have been with you from the time of your
She then went quickly on, and Telemachus followed in her steps till
they reached the place where the guilds of the Pylian people were
assembled. There they found Nestor sitting with his sons, while his
company round him were busy getting dinner readM
y, and putting pieces
of meat on to the spits while other pieces were cooking. When they
saw the strangers they crowded round them, took them by the hand and
bade them take their places. Nestor's son Pisistratus at once offered
his hand to each of them, and seated them on some soft sheepskins
that were lying on the sands near his father and his brother Thrasymedes.
Then he gave them their portions of the inward meats and poured wine
for them into a golden cup, handing it to Minerva first, and saluting
"Offer a prayer, sir," said he, "to King Neptune, for it is his feast
that you are joining; when you have duly prayed and made your drink-offering,
pass the cup to your friend that he may do so also. I doubt not that
he too lifts his hands in prayer, for man cannot live without God
in the world. Still he is younger than you are, and is much of an
age with myself, so I he handed I will give you the precedence."
As he spoke he handed her the cup. Minerva thought it very right and
of him to have given it to herself first; she accordingly began
praying heartily to Neptune. "O thou," she cried, "that encirclest
the earth, vouchsafe to grant the prayers of thy servants that call
upon thee. More especially we pray thee send down thy grace on Nestor
and on his sons; thereafter also make the rest of the Pylian people
some handsome return for the goodly hecatomb they are offering you.
Lastly, grant Telemachus and myself a happy issue, in respect of the
matter that has brought us in our to PyM
When she had thus made an end of praying, she handed the cup to Telemachus
and he prayed likewise. By and by, when the outer meats were roasted
and had been taken off the spits, the carvers gave every man his portion
and they all made an excellent dinner. As soon as they had had enough
to eat and drink, Nestor, knight of Gerene, began to speak.
"Now," said he, "that our guests have done their dinner, it will be
best to ask them who they are. Who, then, sir strangers, are you,
and from what port hM
ave you sailed? Are you traders? or do you sail
the seas as rovers with your hand against every man, and every man's
Telemachus answered boldly, for Minerva had given him courage to ask
about his father and get himself a good name.
"Nestor," said he, "son of Neleus, honour to the Achaean name, you
ask whence we come, and I will tell you. We come from Ithaca under
Neritum, and the matter about which I would speak is of private not
public import. I seek news of my unhappy father UlyssM
to have sacked the town of Troy in company with yourself. We know
what fate befell each one of the other heroes who fought at Troy,
but as regards Ulysses heaven has hidden from us the knowledge even
that he is dead at all, for no one can certify us in what place he
perished, nor say whether he fell in battle on the mainland, or was
lost at sea amid the waves of Amphitrite. Therefore I am suppliant
at your knees, if haply you may be pleased to tell me of his melancholy
end, whether you saw iM
t with your own eyes, or heard it from some
other traveller, for he was a man born to trouble. Do not soften things
out of any pity for me, but tell me in all plainness exactly what
you saw. If my brave father Ulysses ever did you loyal service, either
by word or deed, when you Achaeans were harassed among the Trojans,
bear it in mind now as in my favour and tell me truly all."
"My friend," answered Nestor, "you recall a time of much sorrow to
my mind, for the brave Achaeans suffered much both at sea, whilM
under Achilles, and when fighting before the great city of king Priam.
Our best men all of them fell there- Ajax, Achilles, Patroclus peer
of gods in counsel, and my own dear son Antilochus, a man singularly
fleet of foot and in fight valiant. But we suffered much more than
this; what mortal tongue indeed could tell the whole story? Though
you were to stay here and question me for five years, or even six,
I could not tell you all that the Achaeans suffered, and you would
turn homeward weary oM
f my tale before it ended. Nine long years did
we try every kind of stratagem, but the hand of heaven was against
us; during all this time there was no one who could compare with your
father in subtlety- if indeed you are his son- I can hardly believe
my eyes- and you talk just like him too- no one would say that people
of such different ages could speak so much alike. He and I never had
any kind of difference from first to last neither in camp nor council,
but in singleness of heart and purpose we advised tM
all might be ordered for the best.
"When however, we had sacked the city of Priam, and were setting sail
in our ships as heaven had dispersed us, then Jove saw fit to vex
the Argives on their homeward voyage; for they had Not all been either
wise or understanding, and hence many came to a bad end through the
displeasure of Jove's daughter Minerva, who brought about a quarrel
between the two sons of Atreus.
"The sons of Atreus called a meeting which was not as it should be,
unset and the Achaeans were heavy with wine. When they
explained why they had called- the people together, it seemed that
Menelaus was for sailing homeward at once, and this displeased Agamemnon,
who thought that we should wait till we had offered hecatombs to appease
the anger of Minerva. Fool that he was, he might have known that he
would not prevail with her, for when the gods have made up their minds
they do not change them lightly. So the two stood bandying hard words,
whereon the Achaeans sprang to theM
ir feet with a cry that rent the
air, and were of two minds as to what they should do.
"That night we rested and nursed our anger, for Jove was hatching
mischief against us. But in the morning some of us drew our ships
into the water and put our goods with our women on board, while the
rest, about half in number, stayed behind with Agamemnon. We- the
other half- embarked and sailed; and the ships went well, for heaven
had smoothed the sea. When we reached Tenedos we offered sacrifices
to the gods, for weM
were longing to get home; cruel Jove, however,
did not yet mean that we should do so, and raised a second quarrel
in the course of which some among us turned their ships back again,
and sailed away under Ulysses to make their peace with Agamemnon;
but I, and all the ships that were with me pressed forward, for I
saw that mischief was brewing. The son of Tydeus went on also with
me, and his crews with him. Later on Menelaus joined us at Lesbos,
and found us making up our minds about our course- for we did noM
know whether to go outside Chios by the island of Psyra, keeping this
to our left, or inside Chios, over against the stormy headland of
Mimas. So we asked heaven for a sign, and were shown one to the effect
that we should be soonest out of danger if we headed our ships across
the open sea to Euboea. This we therefore did, and a fair wind sprang
up which gave us a quick passage during the night to Geraestus, where
we offered many sacrifices to Neptune for having helped us so far
on our way. Four days laterM
Diomed and his men stationed their ships
in Argos, but I held on for Pylos, and the wind never fell light from
the day when heaven first made it fair for me.
"Therefore, my dear young friend, I returned without hearing anything
about the others. I know neither who got home safely nor who were
lost but, as in duty bound, I will give you without reserve the reports
that have reached me since I have been here in my own house. They
say the Myrmidons returned home safely under Achilles' son Neoptolemus;
lso did the valiant son of Poias, Philoctetes. Idomeneus, again,
lost no men at sea, and all his followers who escaped death in the
field got safe home with him to Crete. No matter how far out of the
world you live, you will have heard of Agamemnon and the bad end he
came to at the hands of Aegisthus- and a fearful reckoning did Aegisthus
presently pay. See what a good thing it is for a man to leave a son
behind him to do as Orestes did, who killed false Aegisthus the murderer
of his noble father. You too, tM
hen- for you are a tall, smart-looking
fellow- show your mettle and make yourself a name in story."
"Nestor son of Neleus," answered Telemachus, "honour to the Achaean
name, the Achaeans applaud Orestes and his name will live through
all time for he has avenged his father nobly. Would that heaven might
grant me to do like vengeance on the insolence of the wicked suitors,
who are ill treating me and plotting my ruin; but the gods have no
such happiness in store for me and for my father, so we must bear
"My friend," said Nestor, "now that you remind me, I remember to have
heard that your mother has many suitors, who are ill disposed towards
you and are making havoc of your estate. Do you submit to this tamely,
or are public feeling and the voice of heaven against you? Who knows
but what Ulysses may come back after all, and pay these scoundrels
in full, either single-handed or with a force of Achaeans behind him?
If Minerva were to take as great a liking to you as she did to Ulysses
we were fighting before Troy (for I never yet saw the gods so
openly fond of any one as Minerva then was of your father), if she
would take as good care of you as she did of him, these wooers would
soon some of them him, forget their wooing."
Telemachus answered, "I can expect nothing of the kind; it would be
far too much to hope for. I dare not let myself think of it. Even
though the gods themselves willed it no such good fortune could befall
On this Minerva said, "Telemachus, what are you talkM
has a long arm if it is minded to save a man; and if it were me, I
should not care how much I suffered before getting home, provided
I could be safe when I was once there. I would rather this, than get
home quickly, and then be killed in my own house as Agamemnon was
by the treachery of Aegisthus and his wife. Still, death is certain,
and when a man's hour is come, not even the gods can save him, no
matter how fond they are of him."
"Mentor," answered Telemachus, "do not let us talk aboM
There is no chance of my father's ever coming back; the gods have
long since counselled his destruction. There is something else, however,
about which I should like to ask Nestor, for he knows much more than
any one else does. They say he has reigned for three generations so
that it is like talking to an immortal. Tell me, therefore, Nestor,
and tell me true; how did Agamemnon come to die in that way? What
was Menelaus doing? And how came false Aegisthus to kill so far better
elf? Was Menelaus away from Achaean Argos, voyaging
elsewhither among mankind, that Aegisthus took heart and killed Agamemnon?"
"I will tell you truly," answered Nestor, "and indeed you have yourself
divined how it all happened. If Menelaus when he got back from Troy
had found Aegisthus still alive in his house, there would have been
no barrow heaped up for him, not even when he was dead, but he would
have been thrown outside the city to dogs and vultures, and not a
woman would have mourned him, for he hadM
done a deed of great wickedness;
but we were over there, fighting hard at Troy, and Aegisthus who was
taking his ease quietly in the heart of Argos, cajoled Agamemnon's
wife Clytemnestra with incessant flattery.
"At first she would have nothing to do with his wicked scheme, for
she was of a good natural disposition; moreover there was a bard with
her, to whom Agamemnon had given strict orders on setting out for
Troy, that he was to keep guard over his wife; but when heaven had
counselled her destructionM
, Aegisthus thus this bard off to a desert
island and left him there for crows and seagulls to batten upon- after
which she went willingly enough to the house of Aegisthus. Then he
offered many burnt sacrifices to the gods, and decorated many temples
with tapestries and gilding, for he had succeeded far beyond his expectations.
"Meanwhile Menelaus and I were on our way home from Troy, on good
terms with one another. When we got to Sunium, which is the point
of Athens, Apollo with his painless shafts killedM
Phrontis the steersman
of Menelaus' ship (and never man knew better how to handle a vessel
in rough weather) so that he died then and there with the helm in
his hand, and Menelaus, though very anxious to press forward, had
to wait in order to bury his comrade and give him his due funeral
rites. Presently, when he too could put to sea again, and had sailed
on as far as the Malean heads, Jove counselled evil against him and
made it it blow hard till the waves ran mountains high. Here he divided
took the one half towards Crete where the Cydonians
dwell round about the waters of the river Iardanus. There is a high
headland hereabouts stretching out into the sea from a place called
Gortyn, and all along this part of the coast as far as Phaestus the
sea runs high when there is a south wind blowing, but arter Phaestus
the coast is more protected, for a small headland can make a great
shelter. Here this part of the fleet was driven on to the rocks and
wrecked; but the crews just managed to save themselvM
other five ships, they were taken by winds and seas to Egypt, where
Menelaus gathered much gold and substance among people of an alien
speech. Meanwhile Aegisthus here at home plotted his evil deed. For
seven years after he had killed Agamemnon he ruled in Mycene, and
the people were obedient under him, but in the eighth year Orestes
came back from Athens to be his bane, and killed the murderer of his
father. Then he celebrated the funeral rites of his mother and of
false Aegisthus by a banquM
et to the people of Argos, and on that very
day Menelaus came home, with as much treasure as his ships could carry.
"Take my advice then, and do not go travelling about for long so far
from home, nor leave your property with such dangerous people in your
house; they will eat up everything you have among them, and you will
have been on a fool's errand. Still, I should advise you by all means
to go and visit Menelaus, who has lately come off a voyage among such
distant peoples as no man could ever hope to geM
t back from, when the
winds had once carried him so far out of his reckoning; even birds
cannot fly the distance in a twelvemonth, so vast and terrible are
the seas that they must cross. Go to him, therefore, by sea, and take
your own men with you; or if you would rather travel by land you can
have a chariot, you can have horses, and here are my sons who can
escort you to Lacedaemon where Menelaus lives. Beg of him to speak
the truth, and he will tell you no lies, for he is an excellent person."
ke the sun set and it came on dark, whereon Minerva said,
"Sir, all that you have said is well; now, however, order the tongues
of the victims to be cut, and mix wine that we may make drink-offerings
to Neptune, and the other immortals, and then go to bed, for it is
bed time. People should go away early and not keep late hours at a
religious festival."
Thus spoke the daughter of Jove, and they obeyed her saying. Men servants
poured water over the hands of the guests, while pages filled the
ith wine and water, and handed it round after giving
every man his drink-offering; then they threw the tongues of the victims
into the fire, and stood up to make their drink-offerings. When they
had made their offerings and had drunk each as much as he was minded,
Minerva and Telemachus were forgoing on board their ship, but Nestor
caught them up at once and stayed them.
"Heaven and the immortal gods," he exclaimed, "forbid that you should
leave my house to go on board of a ship. Do you think I am so poorM
and short of clothes, or that I have so few cloaks and as to be unable
to find comfortable beds both for myself and for my guests? Let me
tell you I have store both of rugs and cloaks, and shall not permit
the son of my old friend Ulysses to camp down on the deck of a ship-
not while I live- nor yet will my sons after me, but they will keep
open house as have done."
Then Minerva answered, "Sir, you have spoken well, and it will be
much better that Telemachus should do as you have said; he, therefore,
hall return with you and sleep at your house, but I must go back
to give orders to my crew, and keep them in good heart. I am the only
older person among them; the rest are all young men of Telemachus'
own age, who have taken this voyage out of friendship; so I must return
to the ship and sleep there. Moreover to-morrow I must go to the Cauconians
where I have a large sum of money long owing to me. As for Telemachus,
now that he is your guest, send him to Lacedaemon in a chariot, and
let one of your sons go M
with him. Be pleased also to provide him with
your best and fleetest horses."
When she had thus spoken, she flew away in the form of an eagle, and
all marvelled as they beheld it. Nestor was astonished, and took Telemachus
by the hand. "My friend," said he, "I see that you are going to be
a great hero some day, since the gods wait upon you thus while you
are still so young. This can have been none other of those who dwell
in heaven than Jove's redoubtable daughter, the Trito-born, who showed
towards your brave father among the Argives." "Holy queen,"
he continued, "vouchsafe to send down thy grace upon myself, my good
wife, and my children. In return, I will offer you in sacrifice a
broad-browed heifer of a year old, unbroken, and never yet brought
by man under the yoke. I will gild her horns, and will offer her up
to you in sacrifice."
Thus did he pray, and Minerva heard his prayer. He then led the way
to his own house, followed by his sons and sons-in-law. When they
had got there and had tM
aken their places on the benches and seats,
he mixed them a bowl of sweet wine that was eleven years old when
the housekeeper took the lid off the jar that held it. As he mixed
the wine, he prayed much and made drink-offerings to Minerva, daughter
of Aegis-bearing Jove. Then, when they had made their drink-offerings
and had drunk each as much as he was minded, the others went home
to bed each in his own abode; but Nestor put Telemachus to sleep in
the room that was over the gateway along with Pisistratus, whM
the only unmarried son now left him. As for himself, he slept in an
inner room of the house, with the queen his wife by his side.
Now when the child of morning, rosy-fingered Dawn, appeared, Nestor
left his couch and took his seat on the benches of white and polished
marble that stood in front of his house. Here aforetime sat Neleus,
peer of gods in counsel, but he was now dead, and had gone to the
house of Hades; so Nestor sat in his seat, sceptre in hand, as guardian
of the public weal. His sons aM
s they left their rooms gathered round
him, Echephron, Stratius, Perseus, Aretus, and Thrasymedes; the sixth
son was Pisistratus, and when Telemachus joined them they made him
sit with them. Nestor then addressed them.
"My sons," said he, "make haste to do as I shall bid you. I wish first
and foremost to propitiate the great goddess Minerva, who manifested
herself visibly to me during yesterday's festivities. Go, then, one
or other of you to the plain, tell the stockman to look me out a heifer,
on here with it at once. Another must go to Telemachus's
ship, and invite all the crew, leaving two men only in charge of the
vessel. Some one else will run and fetch Laerceus the goldsmith to
gild the horns of the heifer. The rest, stay all of you where you
are; tell the maids in the house to prepare an excellent dinner, and
to fetch seats, and logs of wood for a burnt offering. Tell them also-
to bring me some clear spring water."
On this they hurried off on their several errands. The heifer was
t in from the plain, and Telemachus's crew came from the ship;
the goldsmith brought the anvil, hammer, and tongs, with which he
worked his gold, and Minerva herself came to the sacrifice. Nestor
gave out the gold, and the smith gilded the horns of the heifer that
the goddess might have pleasure in their beauty. Then Stratius and
Echephron brought her in by the horns; Aretus fetched water from the
house in a ewer that had a flower pattern on it, and in his other
hand he held a basket of barley meal; sturdy TM
with a sharp axe, ready to strike the heifer, while Perseus held a
bucket. Then Nestor began with washing his hands and sprinkling the
barley meal, and he offered many a prayer to Minerva as he threw a
lock from the heifer's head upon the fire.
When they had done praying and sprinkling the barley meal Thrasymedes
dealt his blow, and brought the heifer down with a stroke that cut
through the tendons at the base of her neck, whereon the daughters
and daughters-in-law of Nestor, and his M
venerable wife Eurydice (she
was eldest daughter to Clymenus) screamed with delight. Then they
lifted the heifer's head from off the ground, and Pisistratus cut
her throat. When she had done bleeding and was quite dead, they cut
her up. They cut out the thigh bones all in due course, wrapped them
round in two layers of fat, and set some pieces of raw meat on the
top of them; then Nestor laid them upon the wood fire and poured wine
over them, while the young men stood near him with five-pronged spits
r hands. When the thighs were burned and they had tasted the
inward meats, they cut the rest of the meat up small, put the pieces
on the spits and toasted them over the fire.
Meanwhile lovely Polycaste, Nestor's youngest daughter, washed Telemachus.
When she had washed him and anointed him with oil, she brought him
a fair mantle and shirt, and he looked like a god as he came from
the bath and took his seat by the side of Nestor. When the outer meats
were done they drew them off the spits and sat down to dM
they were waited upon by some worthy henchmen, who kept pouring them
out their wine in cups of gold. As soon as they had had had enough
to eat and drink Nestor said, "Sons, put Telemachus's horses to the
chariot that he may start at once."
Thus did he speak, and they did even as he had said, and yoked the
fleet horses to the chariot. The housekeeper packed them up a provision
of bread, wine, and sweetmeats fit for the sons of princes. Then Telemachus
got into the chariot, while Pisistratus gaM
thered up the reins and
took his seat beside him. He lashed the horses on and they flew forward
nothing loth into the open country, leaving the high citadel of Pylos
behind them. All that day did they travel, swaying the yoke upon their
necks till the sun went down and darkness was over all the land. Then
they reached Pherae where Diocles lived, who was son to Ortilochus
and grandson to Alpheus. Here they passed the night and Diocles entertained
them hospitably. When the child of morning, rosy-fingered Dawn;M
they again yoked their horses and drove out through the gateway under
the echoing gatehouse. Pisistratus lashed the horses on and they flew
forward nothing loth; presently they came to the corn lands Of the
open country, and in the course of time completed their journey, so
well did their steeds take them.
Now when the sun had set and darkness was over the land,
----------------------------------------------------------------------
They reached the low lying city of Lacedaemon tM
hem where they drove
straight to the of abode Menelaus [and found him in his own house,
feasting with his many clansmen in honour of the wedding of his son,
and also of his daughter, whom he was marrying to the son of that
valiant warrior Achilles. He had given his consent and promised her
to him while he was still at Troy, and now the gods were bringing
the marriage about; so he was sending her with chariots and horses
to the city of the Myrmidons over whom Achilles' son was reigning.
For his only son he hM
ad found a bride from Sparta, daughter of Alector.
This son, Megapenthes, was born to him of a bondwoman, for heaven
vouchsafed Helen no more children after she had borne Hermione, who
was fair as golden Venus herself.
So the neighbours and kinsmen of Menelaus were feasting and making
merry in his house. There was a bard also to sing to them and play
his lyre, while two tumblers went about performing in the midst of
them when the man struck up with his tune.]
Telemachus and the son of Nestor stayed thM
eir horses at the gate,
whereon Eteoneus servant to Menelaus came out, and as soon as he saw
them ran hurrying back into the house to tell his Master. He went
close up to him and said, "Menelaus, there are some strangers come
here, two men, who look like sons of Jove. What are we to do? Shall
we take their horses out, or tell them to find friends elsewhere as
Menelaus was very angry and said, "Eteoneus, son of Boethous, you
never used to be a fool, but now you talk like a simpleton. Take M
horses out, of course, and show the strangers in that they may have
supper; you and I have stayed often enough at other people's houses
before we got back here, where heaven grant that we may rest in peace
So Eteoneus bustled back and bade other servants come with him. They
took their sweating hands from under the yoke, made them fast to the
mangers, and gave them a feed of oats and barley mixed. Then they
leaned the chariot against the end wall of the courtyard, and led
o the house. Telemachus and Pisistratus were astonished
when they saw it, for its splendour was as that of the sun and moon;
then, when they had admired everything to their heart's content, they
went into the bath room and washed themselves.
When the servants had washed them and anointed them with oil, they
brought them woollen cloaks and shirts, and the two took their seats
by the side of Menelaus. A maidservant brought them water in a beautiful
golden ewer, and poured it into a silver basin for them to M
hands; and she drew a clean table beside them. An upper servant brought
them bread, and offered them many good things of what there was in
the house, while the carver fetched them plates of all manner of meats
and set cups of gold by their side.
Menelaus then greeted them saying, "Fall to, and welcome; when you
have done supper I shall ask who you are, for the lineage of such
men as you cannot have been lost. You must be descended from a line
of sceptre-bearing kings, for poor people do not haM
On this he handed them a piece of fat roast loin, which had been set
near him as being a prime part, and they laid their hands on the good
things that were before them; as soon as they had had enough to eat
and drink, Telemachus said to the son of Nestor, with his head so
close that no one might hear, "Look, Pisistratus, man after my own
heart, see the gleam of bronze and gold- of amber, ivory, and silver.
Everything is so splendid that it is like seeing the palace of Olympian
Jove. I am lost in admiration."
Menelaus overheard him and said, "No one, my sons, can hold his own
with Jove, for his house and everything about him is immortal; but
among mortal men- well, there may be another who has as much wealth
as I have, or there may not; but at all events I have travelled much
and have undergone much hardship, for it was nearly eight years before
I could get home with my fleet. I went to Cyprus, Phoenicia and the
Egyptians; I went also to the Ethiopians, the Sidonians, and the ErM
and to Libya where the lambs have horns as soon as they are born,
and the sheep lamb down three times a year. Every one in that country,
whether master or man, has plenty of cheese, meat, and good milk,
for the ewes yield all the year round. But while I was travelling
and getting great riches among these people, my brother was secretly
and shockingly murdered through the perfidy of his wicked wife, so
that I have no pleasure in being lord of all this wealth. Whoever
your parents may be they must haM
ve told you about all this, and of
my heavy loss in the ruin of a stately mansion fully and magnificently
furnished. Would that I had only a third of what I now have so that
I had stayed at home, and all those were living who perished on the
plain of Troy, far from Argos. I of grieve, as I sit here in my house,
for one and all of them. At times I cry aloud for sorrow, but presently
I leave off again, for crying is cold comfort and one soon tires of
it. Yet grieve for these as I may, I do so for one man more M
them all. I cannot even think of him without loathing both food and
sleep, so miserable does he make me, for no one of all the Achaeans
worked so hard or risked so much as he did. He took nothing by it,
and has left a legacy of sorrow to myself, for he has been gone a
long time, and we know not whether he is alive or dead. His old father,
his long-suffering wife Penelope, and his son Telemachus, whom he
left behind him an infant in arms, are plunged in grief on his account."
Thus spoke Menelaus, M
and the heart of Telemachus yearned as he bethought
him of his father. Tears fell from his eyes as he heard him thus mentioned,
so that he held his cloak before his face with both hands. When Menelaus
saw this he doubted whether to let him choose his own time for speaking,
or to ask him at once and find what it was all about.
While he was thus in two minds Helen came down from her high vaulted
and perfumed room, looking as lovely as Diana herself. Adraste brought
her a seat, Alcippe a soft woollen rug whiM
le Phylo fetched her the
silver work-box which Alcandra wife of Polybus had given her. Polybus
lived in Egyptian Thebes, which is the richest city in the whole world;
he gave Menelaus two baths, both of pure silver, two tripods, and
ten talents of gold; besides all this, his wife gave Helen some beautiful
presents, to wit, a golden distaff, and a silver work-box that ran
on wheels, with a gold band round the top of it. Phylo now placed
this by her side, full of fine spun yarn, and a distaff charged with
let coloured wool was laid upon the top of it. Then Helen took
her seat, put her feet upon the footstool, and began to question her
"Do we know, Menelaus," said she, "the names of these strangers who
have come to visit us? Shall I guess right or wrong?-but I cannot
help saying what I think. Never yet have I seen either man or woman
so like somebody else (indeed when I look at him I hardly know what
to think) as this young man is like Telemachus, whom Ulysses left
as a baby behind him, when you AM
chaeans went to Troy with battle in
your hearts, on account of my most shameless self."
"My dear wife," replied Menelaus, "I see the likeness just as you
do. His hands and feet are just like Ulysses'; so is his hair, with
the shape of his head and the expression of his eyes. Moreover, when
I was talking about Ulysses, and saying how much he had suffered on
my account, tears fell from his eyes, and he hid his face in his mantle."
Then Pisistratus said, "Menelaus, son of Atreus, you are right in
that this young man is Telemachus, but he is very modest,
and is ashamed to come here and begin opening up discourse with one
whose conversation is so divinely interesting as your own. My father,
Nestor, sent me to escort him hither, for he wanted to know whether
you could give him any counsel or suggestion. A son has always trouble
at home when his father has gone away leaving him without supporters;
and this is how Telemachus is now placed, for his father is absent,
and there is no one among his own peoplM
"Bless my heart," replied Menelaus, "then I am receiving a visit from
the son of a very dear friend, who suffered much hardship for my sake.
I had always hoped to entertain him with most marked distinction when
heaven had granted us a safe return from beyond the seas. I should
have founded a city for him in Argos, and built him a house. I should
have made him leave Ithaca with his goods, his son, and all his people,
and should have sacked for them some one of the neighbouring cities
at are subject to me. We should thus have seen one another continually,
and nothing but death could have interrupted so close and happy an
intercourse. I suppose, however, that heaven grudged us such great
good fortune, for it has prevented the poor fellow from ever getting
Thus did he speak, and his words set them all a weeping. Helen wept,
Telemachus wept, and so did Menelaus, nor could Pisistratus keep his
eyes from filling, when he remembered his dear brother Antilochus
bright Dawn had killed. Thereon he said to Menelaus,
"Sir, my father Nestor, when we used to talk about you at home, told
me you were a person of rare and excellent understanding. If, then,
it be possible, do as I would urge you. I am not fond of crying while
I am getting my supper. Morning will come in due course, and in the
forenoon I care not how much I cry for those that are dead and gone.
This is all we can do for the poor things. We can only shave our heads
for them and wring the tears from our cheekM
s. I had a brother who
died at Troy; he was by no means the worst man there; you are sure
to have known him- his name was Antilochus; I never set eyes upon
him myself, but they say that he was singularly fleet of foot and
"Your discretion, my friend," answered Menelaus, "is beyond your years.
It is plain you take after your father. One can soon see when a man
is son to one whom heaven has blessed both as regards wife and offspring-
and it has blessed Nestor from first to last all his dM
him a green old age in his own house, with sons about him who are
both we disposed and valiant. We will put an end therefore to all
this weeping, and attend to our supper again. Let water be poured
over our hands. Telemachus and I can talk with one another fully in
On this Asphalion, one of the servants, poured water over their hands
and they laid their hands on the good things that were before them.
Then Jove's daughter Helen bethought her of another matter. She drugged
wine with an herb that banishes all care, sorrow, and ill humour.
Whoever drinks wine thus drugged cannot shed a single tear all the
rest of the day, not even though his father and mother both of them
drop down dead, or he sees a brother or a son hewn in pieces before
his very eyes. This drug, of such sovereign power and virtue, had
been given to Helen by Polydamna wife of Thon, a woman of Egypt, where
there grow all sorts of herbs, some good to put into the mixing-bowl
and others poisonous. Moreover, every M
one in the whole country is
a skilled physician, for they are of the race of Paeeon. When Helen
had put this drug in the bowl, and had told the servants to serve
the wine round, she said:
"Menelaus, son of Atreus, and you my good friends, sons of honourable
men (which is as Jove wills, for he is the giver both of good and
evil, and can do what he chooses), feast here as you will, and listen
while I tell you a tale in season. I cannot indeed name every single
one of the exploits of Ulysses, but I can say M
was before Troy, and you Achaeans were in all sorts of difficulties.
He covered himself with wounds and bruises, dressed himself all in
rags, and entered the enemy's city looking like a menial or a beggar.
and quite different from what he did when he was among his own people.
In this disguise he entered the city of Troy, and no one said anything
to him. I alone recognized him and began to question him, but he was
too cunning for me. When, however, I had washed and anointed him and
ven him clothes, and after I had sworn a solemn oath not to
betray him to the Trojans till he had got safely back to his own camp
and to the ships, he told me all that the Achaeans meant to do. He
killed many Trojans and got much information before he reached the
Argive camp, for all which things the Trojan women made lamentation,
but for my own part I was glad, for my heart was beginning to oam
after my home, and I was unhappy about wrong that Venus had done me
in taking me over there, away from my country,M
my girl, and my lawful
wedded husband, who is indeed by no means deficient either in person
Then Menelaus said, "All that you have been saying, my dear wife,
is true. I have travelled much, and have had much to do with heroes,
but I have never seen such another man as Ulysses. What endurance
too, and what courage he displayed within the wooden horse, wherein
all the bravest of the Argives were lying in wait to bring death and
destruction upon the Trojans. At that moment you came up toM
god who wished well to the Trojans must have set you on to it and
you had Deiphobus with you. Three times did you go all round our hiding
place and pat it; you called our chiefs each by his own name, and
mimicked all our wives -Diomed, Ulysses, and I from our seats inside
heard what a noise you made. Diomed and I could not make up our minds
whether to spring out then and there, or to answer you from inside,
but Ulysses held us all in check, so we sat quite still, all except
Anticlus, who was beginM
ning to answer you, when Ulysses clapped his
two brawny hands over his mouth, and kept them there. It was this
that saved us all, for he muzzled Anticlus till Minerva took you away
"How sad," exclaimed Telemachus, "that all this was of no avail to
save him, nor yet his own iron courage. But now, sir, be pleased to
send us all to bed, that we may lie down and enjoy the blessed boon
On this Helen told the maid servants to set beds in the room that
was in the gatehouse, and to make thM
em with good red rugs, and spread
coverlets on the top of them with woollen cloaks for the guests to
wear. So the maids went out, carrying a torch, and made the beds,
to which a man-servant presently conducted the strangers. Thus, then,
did Telemachus and Pisistratus sleep there in the forecourt, while
the son of Atreus lay in an inner room with lovely Helen by his side.
When the child of morning, rosy-fingered Dawn, appeared, Menelaus
rose and dressed himself. He bound his sandals on to his comely feet,
girded his sword about his shoulders, and left his room looking like
an immortal god. Then, taking a seat near Telemachus he said:
"And what, Telemachus, has led you to take this long sea voyage to
Lacedaemon? Are you on public or private business? Tell me all about
"I have come, sir replied Telemachus, "to see if you can tell me anything
about my father. I am being eaten out of house and home; my fair estate
is being wasted, and my house is full of miscreants who keep killing
great numbers of my M
sheep and oxen, on the pretence of paying their
addresses to my mother. Therefore, I am suppliant at your knees if
haply you may tell me about my father's melancholy end, whether you
saw it with your own eyes, or heard it from some other traveller;
for he was a man born to trouble. Do not soften things out of any
pity for myself, but tell me in all plainness exactly what you saw.
If my brave father Ulysses ever did you loyal service either by word
or deed, when you Achaeans were harassed by the Trojans, bearM
mind now as in my favour and tell me truly all."
Menelaus on hearing this was very much shocked. "So," he exclaimed,
"these cowards would usurp a brave man's bed? A hind might as well
lay her new born young in the lair of a lion, and then go off to feed
in the forest or in some grassy dell: the lion when he comes back
to his lair will make short work with the pair of them- and so will
Ulysses with these suitors. By father Jove, Minerva, and Apollo, if
Ulysses is still the man that he was when he wM
restled with Philomeleides
in Lesbos, and threw him so heavily that all the Achaeans cheered
him- if he is still such and were to come near these suitors, they
would have a short shrift and a sorry wedding. As regards your questions,
however, I will not prevaricate nor deceive you, but will tell you
without concealment all that the old man of the sea told me.
"I was trying to come on here, but the gods detained me in Egypt,
for my hecatombs had not given them full satisfaction, and the gods
t about having their dues. Now off Egypt, about as far
as a ship can sail in a day with a good stiff breeze behind her, there
is an island called Pharos- it has a good harbour from which vessels
can get out into open sea when they have taken in water- and the gods
becalmed me twenty days without so much as a breath of fair wind to
help me forward. We should have run clean out of provisions and my
men would have starved, if a goddess had not taken pity upon me and
saved me in the person of Idothea, daughter tM
o Proteus, the old man
of the sea, for she had taken a great fancy to me.
"She came to me one day when I was by myself, as I often was, for
the men used to go with their barbed hooks, all over the island in
the hope of catching a fish or two to save them from the pangs of
hunger. 'Stranger,' said she, 'it seems to me that you like starving
in this way- at any rate it does not greatly trouble you, for you
stick here day after day, without even trying to get away though your
men are dying by inches.'
'Let me tell you,' said I, 'whichever of the goddesses you may happen
to be, that I am not staying here of my own accord, but must have
offended the gods that live in heaven. Tell me, therefore, for the
gods know everything. which of the immortals it is that is hindering
me in this way, and tell me also how I may sail the sea so as to reach
"'Stranger,' replied she, 'I will make it all quite clear to you.
There is an old immortal who lives under the sea hereabouts and whose
name is Proteus. He M
is an Egyptian, and people say he is my father;
he is Neptune's head man and knows every inch of ground all over the
bottom of the sea. If you can snare him and hold him tight, he will
tell you about your voyage, what courses you are to take, and how
you are to sail the sea so as to reach your home. He will also tell
you, if you so will, all that has been going on at your house both
good and bad, while you have been away on your long and dangerous
"'Can you show me,' said I, 'some stratagem by M
means of which I may
catch this old god without his suspecting it and finding me out? For
a god is not easily caught- not by a mortal man.'
"'Stranger,' said she, 'I will make it all quite clear to you. About
the time when the sun shall have reached mid heaven, the old man of
the sea comes up from under the waves, heralded by the West wind that
furs the water over his head. As soon as he has come up he lies down,
and goes to sleep in a great sea cave, where the seals- Halosydne's
chickens as they call thM
em- come up also from the grey sea, and go
to sleep in shoals all round him; and a very strong and fish-like
smell do they bring with them. Early to-morrow morning I will take
you to this place and will lay you in ambush. Pick out, therefore,
the three best men you have in your fleet, and I will tell you all
the tricks that the old man will play you.
"'First he will look over all his seals, and count them; then, when
he has seen them and tallied them on his five fingers, he will go
to sleep among them, aM
s a shepherd among his sheep. The moment you
see that he is asleep seize him; put forth all your strength and hold
him fast, for he will do his very utmost to get away from you. He
will turn himself into every kind of creature that goes upon the earth,
and will become also both fire and water; but you must hold him fast
and grip him tighter and tighter, till he begins to talk to you and
comes back to what he was when you saw him go to sleep; then you may
slacken your hold and let him go; and you can ask him M
gods it is that is angry with you, and what you must do to reach your
home over the seas.'
"Having so said she dived under the waves, whereon I turned back to
the place where my ships were ranged upon the shore; and my heart
was clouded with care as I went along. When I reached my ship we got
supper ready, for night was falling, and camped down upon the beach.
"When the child of morning, rosy-fingered Dawn, appeared, I took the
three men on whose prowess of all kinds I could most rely, andM
along by the sea-side, praying heartily to heaven. Meanwhile the goddess
fetched me up four seal skins from the bottom of the sea, all of them
just skinned, for she meant playing a trick upon her father. Then
she dug four pits for us to lie in, and sat down to wait till we should
come up. When we were close to her, she made us lie down in the pits
one after the other, and threw a seal skin over each of us. Our ambuscade
would have been intolerable, for the stench of the fishy seals was
g- who would go to bed with a sea monster if he could
help it?-but here, too, the goddess helped us, and thought of something
that gave us great relief, for she put some ambrosia under each man's
nostrils, which was so fragrant that it killed the smell of the seals.
"We waited the whole morning and made the best of it, watching the
seals come up in hundreds to bask upon the sea shore, till at noon
the old man of the sea came up too, and when he had found his fat
seals he went over them and counted them. WeM
were among the first
he counted, and he never suspected any guile, but laid himself down
to sleep as soon as he had done counting. Then we rushed upon him
with a shout and seized him; on which he began at once with his old
tricks, and changed himself first into a lion with a great mane; then
all of a sudden he became a dragon, a leopard, a wild boar; the next
moment he was running water, and then again directly he was a tree,
but we stuck to him and never lost hold, till at last the cunning
came distressed, and said, Which of the gods was it,
Son of Atreus, that hatched this plot with you for snaring me and
seizing me against my will? What do you want?'
"'You know that yourself, old man,' I answered, 'you will gain nothing
by trying to put me off. It is because I have been kept so long in
this island, and see no sign of my being able to get away. I am losing
all heart; tell me, then, for you gods know everything, which of the
immortals it is that is hindering me, and tell me also how I may sM
the sea so as to reach my home?'
"Then,' he said, 'if you would finish your voyage and get home quickly,
you must offer sacrifices to Jove and to the rest of the gods before
embarking; for it is decreed that you shall not get back to your friends,
and to your own house, till you have returned to the heaven fed stream
of Egypt, and offered holy hecatombs to the immortal gods that reign
in heaven. When you have done this they will let you finish your voyage.'
"I was broken hearted when I heard that IM
must go back all that long
and terrible voyage to Egypt; nevertheless, I answered, 'I will do
all, old man, that you have laid upon me; but now tell me, and tell
me true, whether all the Achaeans whom Nestor and I left behind us
when we set sail from Troy have got home safely, or whether any one
of them came to a bad end either on board his own ship or among his
friends when the days of his fighting were done.'
"'Son of Atreus,' he answered, 'why ask me? You had better not know
what I can tell you, for M
your eyes will surely fill when you have
heard my story. Many of those about whom you ask are dead and gone,
but many still remain, and only two of the chief men among the Achaeans
perished during their return home. As for what happened on the field
of battle- you were there yourself. A third Achaean leader is still
at sea, alive, but hindered from returning. Ajax was wrecked, for
Neptune drove him on to the great rocks of Gyrae; nevertheless, he
let him get safe out of the water, and in spite of all MinervaM
he would have escaped death, if he had not ruined himself by boasting.
He said the gods could not drown him even though they had tried to
do so, and when Neptune heard this large talk, he seized his trident
in his two brawny hands, and split the rock of Gyrae in two pieces.
The base remained where it was, but the part on which Ajax was sitting
fell headlong into the sea and carried Ajax with it; so he drank salt
water and was drowned.
"'Your brother and his ships escaped, for Juno protected himM
when he was just about to reach the high promontory of Malea, he was
caught by a heavy gale which carried him out to sea again sorely against
his will, and drove him to the foreland where Thyestes used to dwell,
but where Aegisthus was then living. By and by, however, it seemed
as though he was to return safely after all, for the gods backed the
wind into its old quarter and they reached home; whereon Agamemnon
kissed his native soil, and shed tears of joy at finding himself in
Now there was a watchman whom Aegisthus kept always on the watch,
and to whom he had promised two talents of gold. This man had been
looking out for a whole year to make sure that Agamemnon did not give
him the slip and prepare war; when, therefore, this man saw Agamemnon
go by, he went and told Aegisthus who at once began to lay a plot
for him. He picked twenty of his bravest warriors and placed them
in ambuscade on one side the cloister, while on the opposite side
he prepared a banquet. Then he sent his chM
ariots and horsemen to Agamemnon,
and invited him to the feast, but he meant foul play. He got him there,
all unsuspicious of the doom that was awaiting him, and killed him
when the banquet was over as though he were butchering an ox in the
shambles; not one of Agamemnon's followers was left alive, nor yet
one of Aegisthus', but they were all killed there in the cloisters.'
"Thus spoke Proteus, and I was broken hearted as I heard him. I sat
down upon the sands and wept; I felt as though I could no longer bM
to live nor look upon the light of the sun. Presently, when I had
had my fill of weeping and writhing upon the ground, the old man of
the sea said, 'Son of Atreus, do not waste any more time in crying
so bitterly; it can do no manner of good; find your way home as fast
as ever you can, for Aegisthus be still alive, and even though Orestes
has beforehand with you in kilting him, you may yet come in for his
"On this I took comfort in spite of all my sorrow, and said, 'I know,
se two; tell me, therefore, about the third man of
whom you spoke; is he still alive, but at sea, and unable to get home?
or is he dead? Tell me, no matter how much it may grieve me.'
"'The third man,' he answered, 'is Ulysses who dwells in Ithaca. I
can see him in an island sorrowing bitterly in the house of the nymph
Calypso, who is keeping him prisoner, and he cannot reach his home
for he has no ships nor sailors to take him over the sea. As for your
own end, Menelaus, you shall not die in Argos, but thM
you to the Elysian plain, which is at the ends of the world. There
fair-haired Rhadamanthus reigns, and men lead an easier life than
any where else in the world, for in Elysium there falls not rain,
nor hail, nor snow, but Oceanus breathes ever with a West wind that
sings softly from the sea, and gives fresh life to all men. This will
happen to you because you have married Helen, and are Jove's son-in-law.'
"As he spoke he dived under the waves, whereon I turned back to the
companions, and my heart was clouded with care as I
went along. When we reached the ships we got supper ready, for night
was falling, and camped down upon the beach. When the child of morning,
rosy-fingered Dawn appeared, we drew our ships into the water, and
put our masts and sails within them; then we went on board ourselves,
took our seats on the benches, and smote the grey sea with our oars.
I again stationed my ships in the heaven-fed stream of Egypt, and
offered hecatombs that were full and sufficient.M
When I had thus appeased
heaven's anger, I raised a barrow to the memory of Agamemnon that
his name might live for ever, after which I had a quick passage home,
for the gods sent me a fair wind.
"And now for yourself- stay here some ten or twelve days longer, and
I will then speed you on your way. I will make you a noble present
of a chariot and three horses. I will also give you a beautiful chalice
that so long as you live you may think of me whenever you make a drink-offering
to the immortal gods."
"Son of Atreus," replied Telemachus, "do not press me to stay longer;
I should be contented to remain with you for another twelve months;
I find your conversation so delightful that I should never once wish
myself at home with my parents; but my crew whom I have left at Pylos
are already impatient, and you are detaining me from them. As for
any present you may be disposed to make me, I had rather that it should
he a piece of plate. I will take no horses back with me to Ithaca,
but will leave them to adorn M
your own stables, for you have much flat
ground in your kingdom where lotus thrives, as also meadowsweet and
wheat and barley, and oats with their white and spreading ears; whereas
in Ithaca we have neither open fields nor racecourses, and the country
is more fit for goats than horses, and I like it the better for that.
None of our islands have much level ground, suitable for horses, and
Ithaca least of all."
Menelaus smiled and took Telemachus's hand within his own. "What you
say," said he, "shows that M
you come of good family. I both can, and
will, make this exchange for you, by giving you the finest and most
precious piece of plate in all my house. It is a mixing-bowl by Vulcan's
own hand, of pure silver, except the rim, which is inlaid with gold.
Phaedimus, king of the Sidonians, gave it me in the course of a visit
which I paid him when I returned thither on my homeward journey. I
will make you a present of it."
Thus did they converse [and guests kept coming to the king's house.
They brought sheep anM
d wine, while their wives had put up bread for
them to take with them; so they were busy cooking their dinners in
Meanwhile the suitors were throwing discs or aiming with spears at
a mark on the levelled ground in front of Ulysses' house, and were
behaving with all their old insolence. Antinous and Eurymachus, who
were their ringleaders and much the foremost among them all, were
sitting together when Noemon son of Phronius came up and said to Antinous,
"Have we any idea, Antinous, on what M
day Telemachus returns from Pylos?
He has a ship of mine, and I want it, to cross over to Elis: I have
twelve brood mares there with yearling mule foals by their side not
yet broken in, and I want to bring one of them over here and break
They were astounded when they heard this, for they had made sure that
Telemachus had not gone to the city of Neleus. They thought he was
only away somewhere on the farms, and was with the sheep, or with
the swineherd; so Antinous said, "When did he go? Tell me trulM
what young men did he take with him? Were they freemen or his own
bondsmen- for he might manage that too? Tell me also, did you let
him have the ship of your own free will because he asked you, or did
he take it without yourleave?"
"I lent it him," answered Noemon, "what else could I do when a man
of his position said he was in a difficulty, and asked me to oblige
him? I could not possibly refuse. As for those who went with him they
were the best young men we have, and I saw Mentor go on board as M
or some god who was exactly like him. I cannot understand it, for
I saw Mentor here myself yesterday morning, and yet he was then setting
Noemon then went back to his father's house, but Antinous and Eurymachus
were very angry. They told the others to leave off playing, and to
come and sit down along with themselves. When they came, Antinous
son of Eupeithes spoke in anger. His heart was black with rage, and
his eyes flashed fire as he said:
"Good heavens, this voyage of TeleM
machus is a very serious matter;
we had made sure that it would come to nothing, but the young fellow
has got away in spite of us, and with a picked crew too. He will be
giving us trouble presently; may Jove take him before he is full grown.
Find me a ship, therefore, with a crew of twenty men, and I will lie
in wait for him in the straits between Ithaca and Samos; he will then
rue the day that he set out to try and get news of his father."
Thus did he speak, and the others applauded his saying; they then
all of them went inside the buildings.
It was not long ere Penelope came to know what the suitors were plotting;
for a man servant, Medon, overheard them from outside the outer court
as they were laying their schemes within, and went to tell his mistress.
As he crossed the threshold of her room Penelope said: "Medon, what
have the suitors sent you here for? Is it to tell the maids to leave
their master's business and cook dinner for them? I wish they may
neither woo nor dine henceforward, neither here noM
but let this be the very last time, for the waste you all make of
my son's estate. Did not your fathers tell you when you were children
how good Ulysses had been to them- never doing anything high-handed,
nor speaking harshly to anybody? Kings may say things sometimes, and
they may take a fancy to one man and dislike another, but Ulysses
never did an unjust thing by anybody- which shows what bad hearts
you have, and that there is no such thing as gratitude left in this
n said, "I wish, Madam, that this were all; but they are
plotting something much more dreadful now- may heaven frustrate their
design. They are going to try and murder Telemachus as he is coming
home from Pylos and Lacedaemon, where he has been to get news of his
Then Penelope's heart sank within her, and for a long time she was
speechless; her eyes filled with tears, and she could find no utterance.
At last, however, she said, "Why did my son leave me? What business
had he to go sailing off in M
ships that make long voyages over the
ocean like sea-horses? Does he want to die without leaving any one
behind him to keep up his name?"
"I do not know," answered Medon, "whether some god set him on to it,
or whether he went on his own impulse to see if he could find out
if his father was dead, or alive and on his way home."
Then he went downstairs again, leaving Penelope in an agony of grief.
There were plenty of seats in the house, but she. had no heart for
sitting on any one of them; she could onlM
y fling herself on the floor
of her own room and cry; whereon all the maids in the house, both
old and young, gathered round her and began to cry too, till at last
in a transport of sorrow she exclaimed,
"My dears, heaven has been pleased to try me with more affliction
than any other woman of my age and country. First I lost my brave
and lion-hearted husband, who had every good quality under heaven,
and whose name was great over all Hellas and middle Argos, and now
my darling son is at the mercy of the wM
inds and waves, without my
having heard one word about his leaving home. You hussies, there was
not one of you would so much as think of giving me a call out of my
bed, though you all of you very well knew when he was starting. If
I had known he meant taking this voyage, he would have had to give
it up, no matter how much he was bent upon it, or leave me a corpse
behind him- one or other. Now, however, go some of you and call old
Dolius, who was given me by my father on my marriage, and who is my
Bid him go at once and tell everything to Laertes, who may
be able to hit on some plan for enlisting public sympathy on our side,
as against those who are trying to exterminate his own race and that
Then the dear old nurse Euryclea said, "You may kill me, Madam, or
let me live on in your house, whichever you please, but I will tell
you the real truth. I knew all about it, and gave him everything he
wanted in the way of bread and wine, but he made me take my solemn
oath that I would not tell M
you anything for some ten or twelve days,
unless you asked or happened to hear of his having gone, for he did
not want you to spoil your beauty by crying. And now, Madam, wash
your face, change your dress, and go upstairs with your maids to offer
prayers to Minerva, daughter of Aegis-bearing Jove, for she can save
him even though he be in the jaws of death. Do not trouble Laertes:
he has trouble enough already. Besides, I cannot think that the gods
hate die race of the race of the son of Arceisius so much, bM
will be a son left to come up after him, and inherit both the house
and the fair fields that lie far all round it."
With these words she made her mistress leave off crying, and dried
the tears from her eyes. Penelope washed her face, changed her dress,
and went upstairs with her maids. She then put some bruised barley
into a basket and began praying to Minerva.
"Hear me," she cried, "Daughter of Aegis-bearing Jove, unweariable.
If ever Ulysses while he was here burned you fat thigh bones of sM
or heifer, bear it in mind now as in my favour, and save my darling
son from the villainy of the suitors."
She cried aloud as she spoke, and the goddess heard her prayer; meanwhile
the suitors were clamorous throughout the covered cloister, and one
"The queen is preparing for her marriage with one or other of us.
Little does she dream that her son has now been doomed to die."
This was what they said, but they did not know what was going to happen.
Then Antinous said, "Comrades, lM
et there be no loud talking, lest
some of it get carried inside. Let us be up and do that in silence,
about which we are all of a mind."
He then chose twenty men, and they went down to their. ship and to
the sea side; they drew the vessel into the water and got her mast
and sails inside her; they bound the oars to the thole-pins with twisted
thongs of leather, all in due course, and spread the white sails aloft,
while their fine servants brought them their armour. Then they made
the ship fast a little waM
y out, came on shore again, got their suppers,
and waited till night should fall.
But Penelope lay in her own room upstairs unable to eat or drink,
and wondering whether her brave son would escape, or be overpowered
by the wicked suitors. Like a lioness caught in the toils with huntsmen
hemming her in on every side she thought and thought till she sank
into a slumber, and lay on her bed bereft of thought and motion.
Then Minerva bethought her of another matter, and made a vision in
the likeness of PeneM
lope's sister Iphthime daughter of Icarius who
had married Eumelus and lived in Pherae. She told the vision to go
to the house of Ulysses, and to make Penelope leave off crying, so
it came into her room by the hole through which the thong went for
pulling the door to, and hovered over her head, saying,
"You are asleep, Penelope: the gods who live at ease will not suffer
you to weep and be so sad. Your son has done them no wrong, so he
will yet come back to you."
Penelope, who was sleeping sweetly at tM
he gates of dreamland, answered,
"Sister, why have you come here? You do not come very often, but I
suppose that is because you live such a long way off. Am I, then,
to leave off crying and refrain from all the sad thoughts that torture
me? I, who have lost my brave and lion-hearted husband, who had every
good quality under heaven, and whose name was great over all Hellas
and middle Argos; and now my darling son has gone off on board of
a ship- a foolish fellow who has never been used to roughing it, nor
going about among gatherings of men. I am even more anxious about
him than about my husband; I am all in a tremble when I think of him,
lest something should happen to him, either from the people among
whom he has gone, or by sea, for he has many enemies who are plotting
against him, and are bent on killing him before he can return home."
Then the vision said, "Take heart, and be not so much dismayed. There
is one gone with him whom many a man would be glad enough to have
stand by his side, I mean MinervaM
; it is she who has compassion upon
you, and who has sent me to bear you this message."
"Then," said Penelope, "if you are a god or have been sent here by
divine commission, tell me also about that other unhappy one- is he
still alive, or is he already dead and in the house of Hades?"
And the vision said, "I shall not tell you for certain whether he
is alive or dead, and there is no use in idle conversation."
Then it vanished through the thong-hole of the door and was dissipated
into thin air; but PeM
nelope rose from her sleep refreshed and comforted,
so vivid had been her dream.
Meantime the suitors went on board and sailed their ways over the
sea, intent on murdering Telemachus. Now there is a rocky islet called
Asteris, of no great size, in mid channel between Ithaca and Samos,
and there is a harbour on either side of it where a ship can lie.
Here then the Achaeans placed themselves in ambush.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
And now, as Dawn roM
se from her couch beside Tithonus- harbinger of
light alike to mortals and immortals- the gods met in council and
with them, Jove the lord of thunder, who is their king. Thereon Minerva
began to tell them of the many sufferings of Ulysses, for she pitied
him away there in the house of the nymph Calypso.
"Father Jove," said she, "and all you other gods that live in everlasting
bliss, I hope there may never be such a thing as a kind and well-disposed
ruler any more, nor one who will govern equitably. I hopeM
be all henceforth cruel and unjust, for there is not one of his subjects
but has forgotten Ulysses, who ruled them as though he were their
father. There he is, lying in great pain in an island where dwells
the nymph Calypso, who will not let him go; and he cannot get back
to his own country, for he can find neither ships nor sailors to take
him over the sea. Furthermore, wicked people are now trying to murder
his only son Telemachus, who is coming home from Pylos and Lacedaemon,
to see if he can get news of his father."
"What, my dear, are you talking about?" replied her father, "did you
not send him there yourself, because you thought it would help Ulysses
to get home and punish the suitors? Besides, you are perfectly able
to protect Telemachus, and to see him safely home again, while the
suitors have to come hurry-skurrying back without having killed him."
When he had thus spoken, he said to his son Mercury, "Mercury, you
are our messenger, go therefore and tell Calypso we haM
poor Ulysses is to return home. He is to be convoyed neither by gods
nor men, but after a perilous voyage of twenty days upon a raft he
is to reach fertile Scheria, the land of the Phaeacians, who are near
of kin to the gods, and will honour him as though he were one of ourselves.
They will send him in a ship to his own country, and will give him
more bronze and gold and raiment than he would have brought back from
Troy, if he had had had all his prize money and had got home without
. This is how we have settled that he shall return to his
country and his friends."
Thus he spoke, and Mercury, guide and guardian, slayer of Argus, did
as he was told. Forthwith he bound on his glittering golden sandals
with which he could fly like the wind over land and sea. He took the
wand with which he seals men's eyes in sleep or wakes them just as
he pleases, and flew holding it in his hand over Pieria; then he swooped
down through the firmament till he reached the level of the sea, whose
skimmed like a cormorant that flies fishing every hole and
corner of the ocean, and drenching its thick plumage in the spray.
He flew and flew over many a weary wave, but when at last he got to
the island which was his journey's end, he left the sea and went on
by land till he came to the cave where the nymph Calypso lived.
He found her at home. There was a large fire burning on the hearth,
and one could smell from far the fragrant reek of burning cedar and
sandal wood. As for herself, she was busy at herM
golden shuttle through the warp and singing beautifully. Round her
cave there was a thick wood of alder, poplar, and sweet smelling cypress
trees, wherein all kinds of great birds had built their nests- owls,
hawks, and chattering sea-crows that occupy their business in the
waters. A vine loaded with grapes was trained and grew luxuriantly
about the mouth of the cave; there were also four running rills of
water in channels cut pretty close together, and turned hither and
irrigate the beds of violets and luscious herbage
over which they flowed. Even a god could not help being charmed with
such a lovely spot, so Mercury stood still and looked at it; but when
he had admired it sufficiently he went inside the cave.
Calypso knew him at once- for the gods all know each other, no matter
how far they live from one another- but Ulysses was not within; he
was on the sea-shore as usual, looking out upon the barren ocean with
tears in his eyes, groaning and breaking his heart for soM
gave Mercury a seat and said: "Why have you come to see me, Mercury-
honoured, and ever welcome- for you do not visit me often? Say what
you want; I will do it for be you at once if I can, and if it can
be done at all; but come inside, and let me set refreshment before
As she spoke she drew a table loaded with ambrosia beside him and
mixed him some red nectar, so Mercury ate and drank till he had had
enough, and then said:
"We are speaking god and goddess to one another, one anotheM
you ask me why I have come here, and I will tell you truly as you
would have me do. Jove sent me; it was no doing of mine; who could
possibly want to come all this way over the sea where there are no
cities full of people to offer me sacrifices or choice hecatombs?
Nevertheless I had to come, for none of us other gods can cross Jove,
nor transgress his orders. He says that you have here the most ill-starred
of alf those who fought nine years before the city of King Priam and
sailed home in the tenth M
year after having sacked it. On their way
home they sinned against Minerva, who raised both wind and waves against
them, so that all his brave companions perished, and he alone was
carried hither by wind and tide. Jove says that you are to let this
by man go at once, for it is decreed that he shall not perish here,
far from his own people, but shall return to his house and country
and see his friends again."
Calypso trembled with rage when she heard this, "You gods," she exclaimed,
to be ashamed of yoursM
elves. You are always jealous and hate seeing
a goddess take a fancy to a mortal man, and live with him in open
matrimony. So when rosy-fingered Dawn made love to Orion, you precious
gods were all of you furious till Diana went and killed him in Ortygia.
So again when Ceres fell in love with Iasion, and yielded to him in
a thrice ploughed fallow field, Jove came to hear of it before so
long and killed Iasion with his thunder-bolts. And now you are angry
with me too because I have a man here. I found the poorM
all alone astride of a keel, for Jove had struck his ship with lightning
and sunk it in mid ocean, so that all his crew were drowned, while
he himself was driven by wind and waves on to my island. I got fond
of him and cherished him, and had set my heart on making him immortal,
so that he should never grow old all his days; still I cannot cross
Jove, nor bring his counsels to nothing; therefore, if he insists
upon it, let the man go beyond the seas again; but I cannot send him
elf for I have neither ships nor men who can take him.
Nevertheless I will readily give him such advice, in all good faith,
as will be likely to bring him safely to his own country."
"Then send him away," said Mercury, "or Jove will be angry with you
On this he took his leave, and Calypso went out to look for Ulysses,
for she had heard Jove's message. She found him sitting upon the beach
with his eyes ever filled with tears, and dying of sheer home-sickness;
for he had got tired of CalM
ypso, and though he was forced to sleep
with her in the cave by night, it was she, not he, that would have
it so. As for the day time, he spent it on the rocks and on the sea-shore,
weeping, crying aloud for his despair, and always looking out upon
the sea. Calypso then went close up to him said:
"My poor fellow, you shall not stay here grieving and fretting your
life out any longer. I am going to send you away of my own free will;
so go, cut some beams of wood, and make yourself a large raft with
er deck that it may carry you safely over the sea. I will put
bread, wine, and water on board to save you from starving. I will
also give you clothes, and will send you a fair wind to take you home,
if the gods in heaven so will it- for they know more about these things,
and can settle them better than I can."
Ulysses shuddered as he heard her. "Now goddess," he answered, "there
is something behind all this; you cannot be really meaning to help
me home when you bid me do such a dreadful thing as put to seM
a raft. Not even a well-found ship with a fair wind could venture
on such a distant voyage: nothing that you can say or do shall mage
me go on board a raft unless you first solemnly swear that you mean
Calypso smiled at this and caressed him with her hand: "You know a
great deal," said she, "but you are quite wrong here. May heaven above
and earth below be my witnesses, with the waters of the river Styx-
and this is the most solemn oath which a blessed god can take- that
no sort of harm, and am only advising you to do exactly
what I should do myself in your place. I am dealing with you quite
straightforwardly; my heart is not made of iron, and I am very sorry
When she had thus spoken she led the way rapidly before him, and Ulysses
followed in her steps; so the pair, goddess and man, went on and on
till they came to Calypso's cave, where Ulysses took the seat that
Mercury had just left. Calypso set meat and drink before him of the
food that mortals eat; but herM
maids brought ambrosia and nectar for
herself, and they laid their hands on the good things that were before
them. When they had satisfied themselves with meat and drink, Calypso
"Ulysses, noble son of Laertes, so you would start home to your own
land at once? Good luck go with you, but if you could only know how
much suffering is in store for you before you get back to your own
country, you would stay where you are, keep house along with me, and
let me make you immortal, no matter how anM
xious you may be to see
this wife of yours, of whom you are thinking all the time day after
day; yet I flatter myself that at am no whit less tall or well-looking
than she is, for it is not to be expected that a mortal woman should
compare in beauty with an immortal."
"Goddess," replied Ulysses, "do not be angry with me about this. I
am quite aware that my wife Penelope is nothing like so tall or so
beautiful as yourself. She is only a woman, whereas you are an immortal.
Nevertheless, I want to get home,M
and can think of nothing else. If
some god wrecks me when I am on the sea, I will bear it and make the
best of it. I have had infinite trouble both by land and sea already,
so let this go with the rest."
Presently the sun set and it became dark, whereon the pair retired
into the inner part of the cave and went to bed.
When the child of morning, rosy-fingered Dawn, appeared, Ulysses put
on his shirt and cloak, while the goddess wore a dress of a light
gossamer fabric, very fine and graceful, with a beM
autiful golden girdle
about her waist and a veil to cover her head. She at once set herself
to think how she could speed Ulysses on his way. So she gave him a
great bronze axe that suited his hands; it was sharpened on both sides,
and had a beautiful olive-wood handle fitted firmly on to it. She
also gave him a sharp adze, and then led the way to the far end of
the island where the largest trees grew- alder, poplar and pine, that
reached the sky- very dry and well seasoned, so as to sail light for
e water. Then, when she had shown him where the best trees
grew, Calypso went home, leaving him to cut them, which he soon finished
doing. He cut down twenty trees in all and adzed them smooth, squaring
them by rule in good workmanlike fashion. Meanwhile Calypso came back
with some augers, so he bored holes with them and fitted the timbers
together with bolts and rivets. He made the raft as broad as a skilled
shipwright makes the beam of a large vessel, and he filed a deck on
top of the ribs, and ran a gunwaM
le all round it. He also made a mast
with a yard arm, and a rudder to steer with. He fenced the raft all
round with wicker hurdles as a protection against the waves, and then
he threw on a quantity of wood. By and by Calypso brought him some
linen to make the sails, and he made these too, excellently, making
them fast with braces and sheets. Last of all, with the help of levers,
he drew the raft down into the water.
In four days he had completed the whole work, and on the fifth Calypso
island after washing him and giving him some clean
clothes. She gave him a goat skin full of black wine, and another
larger one of water; she also gave him a wallet full of provisions,
and found him in much good meat. Moreover, she made the wind fair
and warm for him, and gladly did Ulysses spread his sail before it,
while he sat and guided the raft skilfully by means of the rudder.
He never closed his eyes, but kept them fixed on the Pleiads, on late-setting
Bootes, and on the Bear- which men also call the M
wain, and which turns
round and round where it is, facing Orion, and alone never dipping
into the stream of Oceanus- for Calypso had told him to keep this
to his left. Days seven and ten did he sail over the sea, and on the
eighteenth the dim outlines of the mountains on the nearest part of
the Phaeacian coast appeared, rising like a shield on the horizon.
But King Neptune, who was returning from the Ethiopians, caught sight
of Ulysses a long way off, from the mountains of the Solymi. He could
ling upon the sea, and it made him very angry, so he wagged
his head and muttered to himself, saying, heavens, so the gods have
been changing their minds about Ulysses while I was away in Ethiopia,
and now he is close to the land of the Phaeacians, where it is decreed
that he shall escape from the calamities that have befallen him. Still,
he shall have plenty of hardship yet before he has done with it."
Thereon he gathered his clouds together, grasped his trident, stirred
it round in the sea, and roused thM
e rage of every wind that blows
till earth, sea, and sky were hidden in cloud, and night sprang forth
out of the heavens. Winds from East, South, North, and West fell upon
him all at the same time, and a tremendous sea got up, so that Ulysses'
heart began to fail him. "Alas," he said to himself in his dismay,
"what ever will become of me? I am afraid Calypso was right when she
said I should have trouble by sea before I got back home. It is all
coming true. How black is Jove making heaven with his clouds, andM
what a sea the winds are raising from every quarter at once. I am
now safe to perish. Blest and thrice blest were those Danaans who
fell before Troy in the cause of the sons of Atreus. Would that had
been killed on the day when the Trojans were pressing me so sorely
about the dead body of Achilles, for then I should have had due burial
and the Achaeans would have honoured my name; but now it seems that
I shall come to a most pitiable end."
As he spoke a sea broke over him with such terrific fury that thM
raft reeled again, and he was carried overboard a long way off. He
let go the helm, and the force of the hurricane was so great that
it broke the mast half way up, and both sail and yard went over into
the sea. For a long time Ulysses was under water, and it was all he
could do to rise to the surface again, for the clothes Calypso had
given him weighed him down; but at last he got his head above water
and spat out the bitter brine that was running down his face in streams.
In spite of all this, however, hM
e did not lose sight of his raft,
but swam as fast as he could towards it, got hold of it, and climbed
on board again so as to escape drowning. The sea took the raft and
tossed it about as Autumn winds whirl thistledown round and round
upon a road. It was as though the South, North, East, and West winds
were all playing battledore and shuttlecock with it at once.
When he was in this plight, Ino daughter of Cadmus, also called Leucothea,
saw him. She had formerly been a mere mortal, but had been since raiseM
to the rank of a marine goddess. Seeing in what great distress Ulysses
now was, she had compassion upon him, and, rising like a sea-gull
from the waves, took her seat upon the raft.
"My poor good man," said she, "why is Neptune so furiously angry with
you? He is giving you a great deal of trouble, but for all his bluster
he will not kill you. You seem to be a sensible person, do then as
I bid you; strip, leave your raft to drive before the wind, and swim
to the Phaecian coast where better luck awaits yM
my veil and put it round your chest; it is enchanted, and you can
come to no harm so long as you wear it. As soon as you touch land
take it off, throw it back as far as you can into the sea, and then
go away again." With these words she took off her veil and gave it
him. Then she dived down again like a sea-gull and vanished beneath
the dark blue waters.
But Ulysses did not know what to think. "Alas," he said to himself
in his dismay, "this is only some one or other of the gods who is
luring me to ruin by advising me to will quit my raft. At any rate
I will not do so at present, for the land where she said I should
be quit of all troubles seemed to be still a good way off. I know
what I will do- I am sure it will be best- no matter what happens
I will stick to the raft as long as her timbers hold together, but
when the sea breaks her up I will swim for it; I do not see how I
can do any better than this."
While he was thus in two minds, Neptune sent a terrible great wave
o rear itself above his head till it broke right over
the raft, which then went to pieces as though it were a heap of dry
chaff tossed about by a whirlwind. Ulysses got astride of one plank
and rode upon it as if he were on horseback; he then took off the
clothes Calypso had given him, bound Ino's veil under his arms, and
plunged into the sea- meaning to swim on shore. King Neptune watched
him as he did so, and wagged his head, muttering to himself and saying,
"'There now, swim up and down as you best can tiM
well-to-do people. I do not think you will be able to say that I have
let you off too lightly." On this he lashed his horses and drove to
Aegae where his palace is.
But Minerva resolved to help Ulysses, so she bound the ways of all
the winds except one, and made them lie quite still; but she roused
a good stiff breeze from the North that should lay the waters till
Ulysses reached the land of the Phaeacians where he would be safe.
Thereon he floated about for two nights and two days M
with a heavy swell on the sea and death staring him in the face; but
when the third day broke, the wind fell and there was a dead calm
without so much as a breath of air stirring. As he rose on the swell
he looked eagerly ahead, and could see land quite near. Then, as children
rejoice when their dear father begins to get better after having for
a long time borne sore affliction sent him by some angry spirit, but
the gods deliver him from evil, so was Ulysses thankful when he again
trees, and swam on with all his strength that he might
once more set foot upon dry ground. When, however, he got within earshot,
he began to hear the surf thundering up against the rocks, for the
swell still broke against them with a terrific roar. Everything was
enveloped in spray; there were no harbours where a ship might ride,
nor shelter of any kind, but only headlands, low-lying rocks, and
Ulysses' heart now began to fail him, and he said despairingly to
himself, "Alas, Jove has let M
me see land after swimming so far that
I had given up all hope, but I can find no landing place, for the
coast is rocky and surf-beaten, the rocks are smooth and rise sheer
from the sea, with deep water close under them so that I cannot climb
out for want of foothold. I am afraid some great wave will lift me
off my legs and dash me against the rocks as I leave the water- which
would give me a sorry landing. If, on the other hand, I swim further
in search of some shelving beach or harbour, a hurricane may carM
me out to sea again sorely against my will, or heaven may send some
great monster of the deep to attack me; for Amphitrite breeds many
such, and I know that Neptune is very angry with me."
While he was thus in two minds a wave caught him and took him with
such force against the rocks that he would have been smashed and torn
to pieces if Minerva had not shown him what to do. He caught hold
of the rock with both hands and clung to it groaning with pain till
the wave retired, so he was saved that time; bM
ut presently the wave
came on again and carried him back with it far into the sea-tearing
his hands as the suckers of a polypus are torn when some one plucks
it from its bed, and the stones come up along with it even so did
the rocks tear the skin from his strong hands, and then the wave drew
him deep down under the water.
Here poor Ulysses would have certainly perished even in spite of his
own destiny, if Minerva had not helped him to keep his wits about
him. He swam seaward again, beyond reach of the sM
urf that was beating
against the land, and at the same time he kept looking towards the
shore to see if he could find some haven, or a spit that should take
the waves aslant. By and by, as he swam on, he came to the mouth of
a river, and here he thought would be the best place, for there were
no rocks, and it afforded shelter from the wind. He felt that there
was a current, so he prayed inwardly and said:
"Hear me, O King, whoever you may be, and save me from the anger of
the sea-god Neptune, for I approM
ach you prayerfully. Any one who has
lost his way has at all times a claim even upon the gods, wherefore
in my distress I draw near to your stream, and cling to the knees
of your riverhood. Have mercy upon me, O king, for I declare myself
Then the god stayed his stream and stilled the waves, making all calm
before him, and bringing him safely into the mouth of the river. Here
at last Ulysses' knees and strong hands failed him, for the sea had
completely broken him. His body was all swollM
en, and his mouth and
nostrils ran down like a river with sea-water, so that he could neither
breathe nor speak, and lay swooning from sheer exhaustion; presently,
when he had got his breath and came to himself again, he took off
the scarf that Ino had given him and threw it back into the salt stream
of the river, whereon Ino received it into her hands from the wave
that bore it towards her. Then he left the river, laid himself down
among the rushes, and kissed the bounteous earth.
"Alas," he cried to hiM
mself in his dismay, "what ever will become
of me, and how is it all to end? If I stay here upon the river bed
through the long watches of the night, I am so exhausted that the
bitter cold and damp may make an end of me- for towards sunrise there
will be a keen wind blowing from off the river. If, on the other hand,
I climb the hill side, find shelter in the woods, and sleep in some
thicket, I may escape the cold and have a good night's rest, but some
savage beast may take advantage of me and devour me."
In the end he deemed it best to take to the woods, and he found one
upon some high ground not far from the water. There he crept beneath
two shoots of olive that grew from a single stock- the one an ungrafted
sucker, while the other had been grafted. No wind, however squally,
could break through the cover they afforded, nor could the sun's rays
pierce them, nor the rain get through them, so closely did they grow
into one another. Ulysses crept under these and began to make himself
a bed to lie on, for thereM
was a great litter of dead leaves lying
about- enough to make a covering for two or three men even in hard
winter weather. He was glad enough to see this, so he laid himself
down and heaped the leaves all round him. Then, as one who lives alone
in the country, far from any neighbor, hides a brand as fire-seed
in the ashes to save himself from having to get a light elsewhere,
even so did Ulysses cover himself up with leaves; and Minerva shed
a sweet sleep upon his eyes, closed his eyelids, and made him lose
all memories of his sorrows.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
So here Ulysses slept, overcome by sleep and toil; but Minerva went
off to the country and city of the Phaecians- a people who used to
live in the fair town of Hypereia, near the lawless Cyclopes. Now
the Cyclopes were stronger than they and plundered them, so their
king Nausithous moved them thence and settled them in Scheria, far
from all other people. He surrounded the city with a wall, buiM
and temples, and divided the lands among his people; but he was dead
and gone to the house of Hades, and King Alcinous, whose counsels
were inspired of heaven, was now reigning. To his house, then, did
Minerva hie in furtherance of the return of Ulysses.
She went straight to the beautifully decorated bedroom in which there
slept a girl who was as lovely as a goddess, Nausicaa, daughter to
King Alcinous. Two maid servants were sleeping near her, both very
pretty, one on either side of the doorwaM
y, which was closed with well-made
folding doors. Minerva took the form of the famous sea captain Dymas's
daughter, who was a bosom friend of Nausicaa and just her own age;
then, coming up to the girl's bedside like a breath of wind, she hovered
over her head and said:
"Nausicaa, what can your mother have been about, to have such a lazy
daughter? Here are your clothes all lying in disorder, yet you are
going to be married almost immediately, and should not only be well
dressed yourself, but should find gM
ood clothes for those who attend
you. This is the way to get yourself a good name, and to make your
father and mother proud of you. Suppose, then, that we make tomorrow
a washing day, and start at daybreak. I will come and help you so
that you may have everything ready as soon as possible, for all the
best young men among your own people are courting you, and you are
not going to remain a maid much longer. Ask your father, therefore,
to have a waggon and mules ready for us at daybreak, to take the rugs,
es, and girdles; and you can ride, too, which will be much pleasanter
for you than walking, for the washing-cisterns are some way from the
When she had said this Minerva went away to Olympus, which they say
is the everlasting home of the gods. Here no wind beats roughly, and
neither rain nor snow can fall; but it abides in everlasting sunshine
and in a great peacefulness of light, wherein the blessed gods are
illumined for ever and ever. This was the place to which the goddess
went when she had giM
ven instructions to the girl.
By and by morning came and woke Nausicaa, who began wondering about
her dream; she therefore went to the other end of the house to tell
her father and mother all about it, and found them in their own room.
Her mother was sitting by the fireside spinning her purple yarn with
her maids around her, and she happened to catch her father just as
he was going out to attend a meeting of the town council, which the
Phaeacian aldermen had convened. She stopped him and said:
ar, could you manage to let me have a good big waggon? I want
to take all our dirty clothes to the river and wash them. You are
the chief man here, so it is only right that you should have a clean
shirt when you attend meetings of the council. Moreover, you have
five sons at home, two of them married, while the other three are
good-looking bachelors; you know they always like to have clean linen
when they go to a dance, and I have been thinking about all this."
She did not say a word about her own wedding,M
for she did not like
to, but her father knew and said, "You shall have the mules, my love,
and whatever else you have a mind for. Be off with you, and the men
shall get you a good strong waggon with a body to it that will hold
On this he gave his orders to the servants, who got the waggon out,
harnessed the mules, and put them to, while the girl brought the clothes
down from the linen room and placed them on the waggon. Her mother
prepared her a basket of provisions with all sorts of M
and a goat skin full of wine; the girl now got into the waggon, and
her mother gave her also a golden cruse of oil, that she and her women
might anoint themselves. Then she took the whip and reins and lashed
the mules on, whereon they set off, and their hoofs clattered on the
road. They pulled without flagging, and carried not only Nausicaa
and her wash of clothes, but the maids also who were with her.
When they reached the water side they went to the washing-cisterns,
through which there ranM
at all times enough pure water to wash any
quantity of linen, no matter how dirty. Here they unharnessed the
mules and turned them out to feed on the sweet juicy herbage that
grew by the water side. They took the clothes out of the waggon, put
them in the water, and vied with one another in treading them in the
pits to get the dirt out. After they had washed them and got them
quite clean, they laid them out by the sea side, where the waves had
raised a high beach of shingle, and set about washing themselvesM
anointing themselves with olive oil. Then they got their dinner by
the side of the stream, and waited for the sun to finish drying the
clothes. When they had done dinner they threw off the veils that covered
their heads and began to play at ball, while Nausicaa sang for them.
As the huntress Diana goes forth upon the mountains of Taygetus or
Erymanthus to hunt wild boars or deer, and the wood-nymphs, daughters
of Aegis-bearing Jove, take their sport along with her (then is Leto
proud at seeing her daugM
hter stand a full head taller than the others,
and eclipse the loveliest amid a whole bevy of beauties), even so
did the girl outshine her handmaids.
When it was time for them to start home, and they were folding the
clothes and putting them into the waggon, Minerva began to consider
how Ulysses should wake up and see the handsome girl who was to conduct
him to the city of the Phaeacians. The girl, therefore, threw a ball
at one of the maids, which missed her and fell into deep water. On
outed, and the noise they made woke Ulysses, who sat
up in his bed of leaves and began to wonder what it might all be.
"Alas," said he to himself, "what kind of people have I come amongst?
Are they cruel, savage, and uncivilized, or hospitable and humane?
I seem to hear the voices of young women, and they sound like those
of the nymphs that haunt mountain tops, or springs of rivers and meadows
of green grass. At any rate I am among a race of men and women. Let
me try if I cannot manage to get a look at theM
As he said this he crept from under his bush, and broke off a bough
covered with thick leaves to hide his nakedness. He looked like some
lion of the wilderness that stalks about exulting in his strength
and defying both wind and rain; his eyes glare as he prowls in quest
of oxen, sheep, or deer, for he is famished, and will dare break even
into a well-fenced homestead, trying to get at the sheep- even such
did Ulysses seem to the young women, as he drew near to them all naked
as he was, for he was inM
great want. On seeing one so unkempt and
so begrimed with salt water, the others scampered off along the spits
that jutted out into the sea, but the daughter of Alcinous stood firm,
for Minerva put courage into her heart and took away all fear from
her. She stood right in front of Ulysses, and he doubted whether he
should go up to her, throw himself at her feet, and embrace her knees
as a suppliant, or stay where he was and entreat her to give him some
clothes and show him the way to the town. In the end heM
best to entreat her from a distance in case the girl should take offence
at his coming near enough to clasp her knees, so he addressed her
in honeyed and persuasive language.
"O queen," he said, "I implore your aid- but tell me, are you a goddess
or are you a mortal woman? If you are a goddess and dwell in heaven,
I can only conjecture that you are Jove's daughter Diana, for your
face and figure resemble none but hers; if on the other hand you are
a mortal and live on earth, thrice happy are yM
our father and mother-
thrice happy, too, are your brothers and sisters; how proud and delighted
they must feel when they see so fair a scion as yourself going out
to a dance; most happy, however, of all will he be whose wedding gifts
have been the richest, and who takes you to his own home. I never
yet saw any one so beautiful, neither man nor woman, and am lost in
admiration as I behold you. I can only compare you to a young palm
tree which I saw when I was at Delos growing near the altar of Apollo-
was there, too, with much people after me, when I was on that
journey which has been the source of all my troubles. Never yet did
such a young plant shoot out of the ground as that was, and I admired
and wondered at it exactly as I now admire and wonder at yourself.
I dare not clasp your knees, but I am in great distress; yesterday
made the twentieth day that I had been tossing about upon the sea.
The winds and waves have taken me all the way from the Ogygian island,
and now fate has flung me upon this coasM
t that I may endure still
further suffering; for I do not think that I have yet come to the
end of it, but rather that heaven has still much evil in store for
"And now, O queen, have pity upon me, for you are the first person
I have met, and I know no one else in this country. Show me the way
to your town, and let me have anything that you may have brought hither
to wrap your clothes in. May heaven grant you in all things your heart's
desire- husband, house, and a happy, peaceful home; for there is nM
better in this world than that man and wife should be of one mind
in a house. It discomfits their enemies, makes the hearts of their
friends glad, and they themselves know more about it than any one."
To this Nausicaa answered, "Stranger, you appear to be a sensible,
well-disposed person. There is no accounting for luck; Jove gives
prosperity to rich and poor just as he chooses, so you must take what
he has seen fit to send you, and make the best of it. Now, however,
that you have come to this our M
country, you shall not want for clothes
nor for anything else that a foreigner in distress may reasonably
look for. I will show you the way to the town, and will tell you the
name of our people; we are called Phaeacians, and I am daughter to
Alcinous, in whom the whole power of the state is vested."
Then she called her maids and said, "Stay where you are, you girls.
Can you not see a man without running away from him? Do you take him
for a robber or a murderer? Neither he nor any one else can come here
do us Phaeacians any harm, for we are dear to the gods, and live
apart on a land's end that juts into the sounding sea, and have nothing
to do with any other people. This is only some poor man who has lost
his way, and we must be kind to him, for strangers and foreigners
in distress are under Jove's protection, and will take what they can
get and be thankful; so, girls, give the poor fellow something to
eat and drink, and wash him in the stream at some place that is sheltered
maids left off running away and began calling one another
back. They made Ulysses sit down in the shelter as Nausicaa had told
them, and brought him a shirt and cloak. They also brought him the
little golden cruse of oil, and told him to go wash in the stream.
But Ulysses said, "Young women, please to stand a little on one side
that I may wash the brine from my shoulders and anoint myself with
oil, for it is long enough since my skin has had a drop of oil upon
it. I cannot wash as long as you all keep standM
ing there. I am ashamed
to strip before a number of good-looking young women."
Then they stood on one side and went to tell the girl, while Ulysses
washed himself in the stream and scrubbed the brine from his back
and from his broad shoulders. When he had thoroughly washed himself,
and had got the brine out of his hair, he anointed himself with oil,
and put on the clothes which the girl had given him; Minerva then
made him look taller and stronger than before, she also made the hair
grow thick on the topM
of his head, and flow down in curls like hyacinth
blossoms; she glorified him about the head and shoulders as a skilful
workman who has studied art of all kinds under Vulcan and Minerva
enriches a piece of silver plate by gilding it- and his work is full
of beauty. Then he went and sat down a little way off upon the beach,
looking quite young and handsome, and the girl gazed on him with admiration;
then she said to her maids:
"Hush, my dears, for I want to say something. I believe the gods who
eaven have sent this man to the Phaeacians. When I first
saw him I thought him plain, but now his appearance is like that of
the gods who dwell in heaven. I should like my future husband to be
just such another as he is, if he would only stay here and not want
to go away. However, give him something to eat and drink."
They did as they were told, and set food before Ulysses, who ate and
drank ravenously, for it was long since he had had food of any kind.
Meanwhile, Nausicaa bethought her of another matter. M
folded and placed in the waggon, she then yoked the mules, and, as
she took her seat, she called Ulysses:
"Stranger," said she, "rise and let us be going back to the town;
I will introduce you at the house of my excellent father, where I
can tell you that you will meet all the best people among the Phaecians.
But be sure and do as I bid you, for you seem to be a sensible person.
As long as we are going past the fields- and farm lands, follow briskly
behind the waggon along with the maidM
s and I will lead the way myself.
Presently, however, we shall come to the town, where you will find
a high wall running all round it, and a good harbour on either side
with a narrow entrance into the city, and the ships will be drawn
up by the road side, for every one has a place where his own ship
can lie. You will see the market place with a temple of Neptune in
the middle of it, and paved with large stones bedded in the earth.
Here people deal in ship's gear of all kinds, such as cables and sails,
ere, too, are the places where oars are made, for the Phaeacians
are not a nation of archers; they know nothing about bows and arrows,
but are a sea-faring folk, and pride themselves on their masts, oars,
and ships, with which they travel far over the sea.
"I am afraid of the gossip and scandal that may be set on foot against
me later on; for the people here are very ill-natured, and some low
fellow, if he met us, might say, 'Who is this fine-looking stranger
that is going about with Nausicaa? Where did sM
he End him? I suppose
she is going to marry him. Perhaps he is a vagabond sailor whom she
has taken from some foreign vessel, for we have no neighbours; or
some god has at last come down from heaven in answer to her prayers,
and she is going to live with him all the rest of her life. It would
be a good thing if she would take herself of I for sh and find a husband
somewhere else, for she will not look at one of the many excellent
young Phaeacians who are in with her.' This is the kind of disparaging
that would be made about me, and I could not complain, for
I should myself be scandalized at seeing any other girl do the like,
and go about with men in spite of everybody, while her father and
mother were still alive, and without having been married in the face
"If, therefore, you want my father to give you an escort and to help
you home, do as I bid you; you will see a beautiful grove of poplars
by the road side dedicated to Minerva; it has a well in it and a meadow
my father has a field of rich garden ground, about
as far from the town as a man' voice will carry. Sit down there and
wait for a while till the rest of us can get into the town and reach
my father's house. Then, when you think we must have done this, come
into the town and ask the way to the house of my father Alcinous.
You will have no difficulty in finding it; any child will point it
out to you, for no one else in the whole town has anything like such
a fine house as he has. When you have got past the gaM
the outer court, go right across the inner court till you come to
my mother. You will find her sitting by the fire and spinning her
purple wool by firelight. It is a fine sight to see her as she leans
back against one of the bearing-posts with her maids all ranged behind
her. Close to her seat stands that of my father, on which he sits
and topes like an immortal god. Never mind him, but go up to my mother,
and lay your hands upon her knees if you would get home quickly. If
ver, you may hope to see your own country again,
no matter how distant it may be."
So saying she lashed the mules with her whip and they left the river.
The mules drew well and their hoofs went up and down upon the road.
She was careful not to go too fast for Ulysses and the maids who were
following on foot along with the waggon, so she plied her whip with
judgement. As the sun was going down they came to the sacred grove
of Minerva, and there Ulysses sat down and prayed to the mighty daughter
"Hear me," he cried, "daughter of Aegis-bearing Jove, unweariable,
hear me now, for you gave no heed to my prayers when Neptune was wrecking
me. Now, therefore, have pity upon me and grant that I may find friends
and be hospitably received by the Phaecians."
Thus did he pray, and Minerva heard his prayer, but she would not
show herself to him openly, for she was afraid of her uncle Neptune,
who was still furious in his endeavors to prevent Ulysses from getting
--------------------------------M
--------------------------------------
Thus, then, did Ulysses wait and pray; but the girl drove on to the
town. When she reached her father's house she drew up at the gateway,
and her brothers- comely as the gods- gathered round her, took the
mules out of the waggon, and carried the clothes into the house, while
she went to her own room, where an old servant, Eurymedusa of Apeira,
lit the fire for her. This old woman had been brought by sea from
Apeira, and had been chosen as a prize for AlcinM
king over the Phaecians, and the people obeyed him as though he were
a god. She had been nurse to Nausicaa, and had now lit the fire for
her, and brought her supper for her into her own room.
Presently Ulysses got up to go towards the town; and Minerva shed
a thick mist all round him to hide him in case any of the proud Phaecians
who met him should be rude to him, or ask him who he was. Then, as
he was just entering the town, she came towards him in the likeness
of a little girl carryiM
ng a pitcher. She stood right in front of him,
"My dear, will you be so kind as to show me the house of king Alcinous?
I am an unfortunate foreigner in distress, and do not know one in
your town and country."
Then Minerva said, "Yes, father stranger, I will show you the house
you want, for Alcinous lives quite close to my own father. I will
go before you and show the way, but say not a word as you go, and
do not look at any man, nor ask him questions; for the people here
e strangers, and do not like men who come from some other
place. They are a sea-faring folk, and sail the seas by the grace
of Neptune in ships that glide along like thought, or as a bird in
On this she led the way, and Ulysses followed in her steps; but not
one of the Phaecians could see him as he passed through the city in
the midst of them; for the great goddess Minerva in her good will
towards him had hidden him in a thick cloud of darkness. He admired
their harbours, ships, places of assemM
bly, and the lofty walls of
the city, which, with the palisade on top of them, were very striking,
and when they reached the king's house Minerva said:
"This is the house, father stranger, which you would have me show
you. You will find a number of great people sitting at table, but
do not be afraid; go straight in, for the bolder a man is the more
likely he is to carry his point, even though he is a stranger. First
find the queen. Her name is Arete, and she comes of the same family
as her husband AlcinoM
us. They both descend originally from Neptune,
who was father to Nausithous by Periboea, a woman of great beauty.
Periboea was the youngest daughter of Eurymedon, who at one time reigned
over the giants, but he ruined his ill-fated people and lost his own
"Neptune, however, lay with his daughter, and she had a son by him,
the great Nausithous, who reigned over the Phaecians. Nausithous had
two sons Rhexenor and Alcinous; Apollo killed the first of them while
he was still a bridegroom and wiM
thout male issue; but he left a daughter
Arete, whom Alcinous married, and honours as no other woman is honoured
of all those that keep house along with their husbands.
"Thus she both was, and still is, respected beyond measure by her
children, by Alcinous himself, and by the whole people, who look upon
her as a goddess, and greet her whenever she goes about the city,
for she is a thoroughly good woman both in head and heart, and when
any women are friends of hers, she will help their husbands also to
ttle their disputes. If you can gain her good will, you may have
every hope of seeing your friends again, and getting safely back to
your home and country."
Then Minerva left Scheria and went away over the sea. She went to
Marathon and to the spacious streets of Athens, where she entered
the abode of Erechtheus; but Ulysses went on to the house of Alcinous,
and he pondered much as he paused a while before reaching the threshold
of bronze, for the splendour of the palace was like that of the sun
The walls on either side were of bronze from end to end,
and the cornice was of blue enamel. The doors were gold, and hung
on pillars of silver that rose from a floor of bronze, while the lintel
was silver and the hook of the door was of gold.
On either side there stood gold and silver mastiffs which Vulcan,
with his consummate skill, had fashioned expressly to keep watch over
the palace of king Alcinous; so they were immortal and could never
grow old. Seats were ranged all along the wall, here and there M
one end to the other, with coverings of fine woven work which the
women of the house had made. Here the chief persons of the Phaecians
used to sit and eat and drink, for there was abundance at all seasons;
and there were golden figures of young men with lighted torches in
their hands, raised on pedestals, to give light by night to those
who were at table. There are fifty maid servants in the house, some
of whom are always grinding rich yellow grain at the mill, while others
work at the loom, or sit andM
spin, and their shuttles go, backwards
and forwards like the fluttering of aspen leaves, while the linen
is so closely woven that it will turn oil. As the Phaecians are the
best sailors in the world, so their women excel all others in weaving,
for Minerva has taught them all manner of useful arts, and they are
Outside the gate of the outer court there is a large garden of about
four acres with a wall all round it. It is full of beautiful trees-
pears, pomegranates, and the most delicioM
us apples. There are luscious
figs also, and olives in full growth. The fruits never rot nor fail
all the year round, neither winter nor summer, for the air is so soft
that a new crop ripens before the old has dropped. Pear grows on pear,
apple on apple, and fig on fig, and so also with the grapes, for there
is an excellent vineyard: on the level ground of a part of this, the
grapes are being made into raisins; in another part they are being
gathered; some are being trodden in the wine tubs, others further
on have shed their blossom and are beginning to show fruit, others
again are just changing colour. In the furthest part of the ground
there are beautifully arranged beds of flowers that are in bloom all
the year round. Two streams go through it, the one turned in ducts
throughout the whole garden, while the other is carried under the
ground of the outer court to the house itself, and the town's people
draw water from it. Such, then, were the splendours with which the
gods had endowed the house of king AlcinoM
So here Ulysses stood for a while and looked about him, but when he
had looked long enough he crossed the threshold and went within the
precincts of the house. There he found all the chief people among
the Phaecians making their drink-offerings to Mercury, which they
always did the last thing before going away for the night. He went
straight through the court, still hidden by the cloak of darkness
in which Minerva had enveloped him, till he reached Arete and King
Alcinous; then he laid his hands uponM
the knees of the queen, and
at that moment the miraculous darkness fell away from him and he became
visible. Every one was speechless with surprise at seeing a man there,
but Ulysses began at once with his petition.
"Queen Arete," he exclaimed, "daughter of great Rhexenor, in my distress
I humbly pray you, as also your husband and these your guests (whom
may heaven prosper with long life and happiness, and may they leave
their possessions to their children, and all the honours conferred
state) to help me home to my own country as soon
as possible; for I have been long in trouble and away from my friends."
Then he sat down on the hearth among the ashes and they all held their
peace, till presently the old hero Echeneus, who was an excellent
speaker and an elder among the Phaeacians, plainly and in all honesty
addressed them thus:
"Alcinous," said he, "it is not creditable to you that a stranger
should be seen sitting among the ashes of your hearth; every one is
waiting to hear what yoM
u are about to say; tell him, then, to rise
and take a seat on a stool inlaid with silver, and bid your servants
mix some wine and water that we may make a drink-offering to Jove
the lord of thunder, who takes all well-disposed suppliants under
his protection; and let the housekeeper give him some supper, of whatever
there may be in the house."
When Alcinous heard this he took Ulysses by the hand, raised him from
the hearth, and bade him take the seat of Laodamas, who had been sitting
beside him, and wasM
his favourite son. A maid servant then brought
him water in a beautiful golden ewer and poured it into a silver basin
for him to wash his hands, and she drew a clean table beside him;
an upper servant brought him bread and offered him many good things
of what there was in the house, and Ulysses ate and drank. Then Alcinous
said to one of the servants, "Pontonous, mix a cup of wine and hand
it round that we may make drink-offerings to Jove the lord of thunder,
who is the protector of all well-disposed suppliM
Pontonous then mixed wine and water, and handed it round after giving
every man his drink-offering. When they had made their offerings,
and had drunk each as much as he was minded, Alcinous said:
"Aldermen and town councillors of the Phaeacians, hear my words. You
have had your supper, so now go home to bed. To-morrow morning I shall
invite a still larger number of aldermen, and will give a sacrificial
banquet in honour of our guest; we can then discuss the question of
his escort, and consider hM
ow we may at once send him back rejoicing
to his own country without trouble or inconvenience to himself, no
matter how distant it may be. We must see that he comes to no harm
while on his homeward journey, but when he is once at home he will
have to take the luck he was born with for better or worse like other
people. It is possible, however, that the stranger is one of the immortals
who has come down from heaven to visit us; but in this case the gods
are departing from their usual practice, for hitherto thM
themselves perfectly clear to us when we have been offering them hecatombs.
They come and sit at our feasts just like one of our selves, and if
any solitary wayfarer happens to stumble upon some one or other of
them, they affect no concealment, for we are as near of kin to the
gods as the Cyclopes and the savage giants are."
Then Ulysses said: "Pray, Alcinous, do not take any such notion into
your head. I have nothing of the immortal about me, neither in body
nor mind, and most resemble thosM
e among you who are the most afflicted.
Indeed, were I to tell you all that heaven has seen fit to lay upon
me, you would say that I was still worse off than they are. Nevertheless,
let me sup in spite of sorrow, for an empty stomach is a very importunate
thing, and thrusts itself on a man's notice no matter how dire is
his distress. I am in great trouble, yet it insists that I shall eat
and drink, bids me lay aside all memory of my sorrows and dwell only
on the due replenishing of itself. As for yourselves,M
and at break of day set about helping me to get home. I shall be content
to die if I may first once more behold my property, my bondsmen, and
all the greatness of my house."
Thus did he speak. Every one approved his saying, and agreed that
he should have his escort inasmuch as he had spoken reasonably. Then
when they had made their drink-offerings, and had drunk each as much
as he was minded they went home to bed every man in his own abode,
leaving Ulysses in the cloister with Arete aM
nd Alcinous while the
servants were taking the things away after supper. Arete was the first
to speak, for she recognized the shirt, cloak, and good clothes that
Ulysses was wearing, as the work of herself and of her maids; so she
said, "Stranger, before we go any further, there is a question I should
like to ask you. Who, and whence are you, and who gave you those clothes?
Did you not say you had come here from beyond the sea?"
And Ulysses answered, "It would be a long story Madam, were I to relate
ull the tale of my misfortunes, for the hand of heaven has been
laid heavy upon me; but as regards your question, there is an island
far away in the sea which is called 'the Ogygian.' Here dwells the
cunning and powerful goddess Calypso, daughter of Atlas. She lives
by herself far from all neighbours human or divine. Fortune, however,
me to her hearth all desolate and alone, for Jove struck my ship with
his thunderbolts, and broke it up in mid-ocean. My brave comrades
were drowned every man of them, but I stM
uck to the keel and was carried
hither and thither for the space of nine days, till at last during
the darkness of the tenth night the gods brought me to the Ogygian
island where the great goddess Calypso lives. She took me in and treated
me with the utmost kindness; indeed she wanted to make me immortal
that I might never grow old, but she could not persuade me to let
"I stayed with Calypso seven years straight on end, and watered the
good clothes she gave me with my tears during the whole tiM
at last when the eighth year came round she bade me depart of her
own free will, either because Jove had told her she must, or because
she had changed her mind. She sent me from her island on a raft, which
she provisioned with abundance of bread and wine. Moreover she gave
me good stout clothing, and sent me a wind that blew both warm and
fair. Days seven and ten did I sail over the sea, and on the eighteenth
I caught sight of the first outlines of the mountains upon your coast-
and glad indeed was M
I to set eyes upon them. Nevertheless there was
still much trouble in store for me, for at this point Neptune would
let me go no further, and raised a great storm against me; the sea
was so terribly high that I could no longer keep to my raft, which
went to pieces under the fury of the gale, and I had to swim for it,
till wind and current brought me to your shores.
"There I tried to land, but could not, for it was a bad place and
the waves dashed me against the rocks, so I again took to the sea
on till I came to a river that seemed the most likely landing
place, for there were no rocks and it was sheltered from the wind.
Here, then, I got out of the water and gathered my senses together
again. Night was coming on, so I left the river, and went into a thicket,
where I covered myself all over with leaves, and presently heaven
sent me off into a very deep sleep. Sick and sorry as I was I slept
among the leaves all night, and through the next day till afternoon,
when I woke as the sun was westering, anM
d saw your daughter's maid
servants playing upon the beach, and your daughter among them looking
like a goddess. I besought her aid, and she proved to be of an excellent
disposition, much more so than could be expected from so young a person-
for young people are apt to be thoughtless. She gave me plenty of
bread and wine, and when she had had me washed in the river she also
gave me the clothes in which you see me. Now, therefore, though it
has pained me to do so, I have told you the whole truth."
cinous said, "Stranger, it was very wrong of my daughter not
to bring you on at once to my house along with the maids, seeing that
she was the first person whose aid you asked."
"Pray do not scold her," replied Ulysses; "she is not to blame. She
did tell me to follow along with the maids, but I was ashamed and
afraid, for I thought you might perhaps be displeased if you saw me.
Every human being is sometimes a little suspicious and irritable."
"Stranger," replied Alcinous, "I am not the kind of man to gM
about nothing; it is always better to be reasonable; but by Father
Jove, Minerva, and Apollo, now that I see what kind of person you
are, and how much you think as I do, I wish you would stay here, marry
my daughter, and become my son-in-law. If you will stay I will give
you a house and an estate, but no one (heaven forbid) shall keep you
here against your own wish, and that you may be sure of this I will
attend to-morrow to the matter of your escort. You can sleep during
the whole voyage if you liM
ke, and the men shall sail you over smooth
waters either to your own home, or wherever you please, even though
it be a long way further off than Euboea, which those of my people
who saw it when they took yellow-haired Rhadamanthus to see Tityus
the son of Gaia, tell me is the furthest of any place- and yet they
did the whole voyage in a single day without distressing themselves,
and came back again afterwards. You will thus see how much my ships
excel all others, and what magnificent oarsmen my sailors are."M
Then was Ulysses glad and prayed aloud saying, "Father Jove, grant
that Alcinous may do all as he has said, for so he will win an imperishable
name among mankind, and at the same time I shall return to my country."
Thus did they converse. Then Arete told her maids to set a bed in
the room that was in the gatehouse, and make it with good red rugs,
and to spread coverlets on the top of them with woollen cloaks for
Ulysses to wear. The maids thereon went out with torches in their
hands, and when they had M
made the bed they came up to Ulysses and
said, "Rise, sir stranger, and come with us for your bed is ready,"
and glad indeed was he to go to his rest.
So Ulysses slept in a bed placed in a room over the echoing gateway;
but Alcinous lay in the inner part of the house, with the queen his
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Now when the child of morning, rosy-fingered Dawn, appeared, Alcinous
and Ulysses both rose, and Alcinous led the M
way to the Phaecian place
of assembly, which was near the ships. When they got there they sat
down side by side on a seat of polished stone, while Minerva took
the form of one of Alcinous' servants, and went round the town in
order to help Ulysses to get home. She went up to the citizens, man
by man, and said, "Aldermen and town councillors of the Phaeacians,
come to the assembly all of you and listen to the stranger who has
just come off a long voyage to the house of King Alcinous; he looks
With these words she made them all want to come, and they flocked
to the assembly till seats and standing room were alike crowded. Every
one was struck with the appearance of Ulysses, for Minerva had beautified
him about the head and shoulders, making him look taller and stouter
than he really was, that he might impress the Phaecians favourably
as being a very remarkable man, and might come off well in the many
trials of skill to which they would challenge him. Then, when they
were got together, M
"Hear me," said he, "aldermen and town councillors of the Phaeacians,
that I may speak even as I am minded. This stranger, whoever he may
be, has found his way to my house from somewhere or other either East
or West. He wants an escort and wishes to have the matter settled.
Let us then get one ready for him, as we have done for others before
him; indeed, no one who ever yet came to my house has been able to
complain of me for not speeding on his way soon enough. Let us draw
e sea- one that has never yet made a voyage- and man
her with two and fifty of our smartest young sailors. Then when you
have made fast your oars each by his own seat, leave the ship and
come to my house to prepare a feast. I will find you in everything.
I am giving will these instructions to the young men who will form
the crew, for as regards you aldermen and town councillors, you will
join me in entertaining our guest in the cloisters. I can take no
excuses, and we will have Demodocus to sing to us; for tM
bard like him whatever he may choose to sing about."
Alcinous then led the way, and the others followed after, while a
servant went to fetch Demodocus. The fifty-two picked oarsmen went
to the sea shore as they had been told, and when they got there they
drew the ship into the water, got her mast and sails inside her, bound
the oars to the thole-pins with twisted thongs of leather, all in
due course, and spread the white sails aloft. They moored the vessel
a little way out from land, and then M
came on shore and went to the
house of King Alcinous. The outhouses, yards, and all the precincts
were filled with crowds of men in great multitudes both old and young;
and Alcinous killed them a dozen sheep, eight full grown pigs, and
two oxen. These they skinned and dressed so as to provide a magnificent
A servant presently led in the famous bard Demodocus, whom the muse
had dearly loved, but to whom she had given both good and evil, for
though she had endowed him with a divine gift of song, sM
him of his eyesight. Pontonous set a seat for him among the guests,
leaning it up against a bearing-post. He hung the lyre for him on
a peg over his head, and showed him where he was to feel for it with
his hands. He also set a fair table with a basket of victuals by his
side, and a cup of wine from which he might drink whenever he was
The company then laid their hands upon the good things that were before
them, but as soon as they had had enough to eat and drink, the muse
pired Demodocus to sing the feats of heroes, and more especially
a matter that was then in the mouths of all men, to wit, the quarrel
between Ulysses and Achilles, and the fierce words that they heaped
on one another as they gat together at a banquet. But Agamemnon was
glad when he heard his chieftains quarrelling with one another, for
Apollo had foretold him this at Pytho when he crossed the stone floor
to consult the oracle. Here was the beginning of the evil that by
the will of Jove fell both Danaans and M
Thus sang the bard, but Ulysses drew his purple mantle over his head
and covered his face, for he was ashamed to let the Phaeacians see
that he was weeping. When the bard left off singing he wiped the tears
from his eyes, uncovered his face, and, taking his cup, made a drink-offering
to the gods; but when the Phaeacians pressed Demodocus to sing further,
for they delighted in his lays, then Ulysses again drew his mantle
over his head and wept bitterly. No one noticed his distress except
, who was sitting near him, and heard the heavy sighs that
he was heaving. So he at once said, "Aldermen and town councillors
of the Phaeacians, we have had enough now, both of the feast, and
of the minstrelsy that is its due accompaniment; let us proceed therefore
to the athletic sports, so that our guest on his return home may be
able to tell his friends how much we surpass all other nations as
boxers, wrestlers, jumpers, and runners."
With these words he led the way, and the others followed after. A
ervant hung Demodocus's lyre on its peg for him, led him out of the
cloister, and set him on the same way as that along which all the
chief men of the Phaeacians were going to see the sports; a crowd
of several thousands of people followed them, and there were many
excellent competitors for all the prizes. Acroneos, Ocyalus, Elatreus,
Nauteus, Prymneus, Anchialus, Eretmeus, Ponteus, Proreus, Thoon, Anabesineus,
and Amphialus son of Polyneus son of Tecton. There was also Euryalus
son of Naubolus, who was likeM
Mars himself, and was the best looking
man among the Phaecians except Laodamas. Three sons of Alcinous, Laodamas,
Halios, and Clytoneus, competed also.
The foot races came first. The course was set out for them from the
starting post, and they raised a dust upon the plain as they all flew
forward at the same moment. Clytoneus came in first by a long way;
he left every one else behind him by the length of the furrow that
a couple of mules can plough in a fallow field. They then turned to
of wrestling, and here Euryalus proved to be the best
man. Amphialus excelled all the others in jumping, while at throwing
the disc there was no one who could approach Elatreus. Alcinous's
son Laodamas was the best boxer, and he it was who presently said,
when they had all been diverted with the games, "Let us ask the stranger
whether he excels in any of these sports; he seems very powerfully
built; his thighs, claves, hands, and neck are of prodigious strength,
nor is he at all old, but he has suffered muchM
lately, and there is
nothing like the sea for making havoc with a man, no matter how strong
"You are quite right, Laodamas," replied Euryalus, "go up to your
guest and speak to him about it yourself."
When Laodamas heard this he made his way into the middle of the crowd
and said to Ulysses, "I hope, Sir, that you will enter yourself for
some one or other of our competitions if you are skilled in any of
them- and you must have gone in for many a one before now. There is
nothing that does any M
one so much credit all his life long as the
showing himself a proper man with his hands and feet. Have a try therefore
at something, and banish all sorrow from your mind. Your return home
will not be long delayed, for the ship is already drawn into the water,
and the crew is found."
Ulysses answered, "Laodamas, why do you taunt me in this way? my mind
is set rather on cares than contests; I have been through infinite
trouble, and am come among you now as a suppliant, praying your king
and people to furthM
er me on my return home."
Then Euryalus reviled him outright and said, "I gather, then, that
you are unskilled in any of the many sports that men generally delight
in. I suppose you are one of those grasping traders that go about
in ships as captains or merchants, and who think of nothing but of
their outward freights and homeward cargoes. There does not seem to
be much of the athlete about you."
"For shame, Sir," answered Ulysses, fiercely, "you are an insolent
fellow- so true is it that the gods do M
not grace all men alike in
speech, person, and understanding. One man may be of weak presence,
but heaven has adorned this with such a good conversation that he
charms every one who sees him; his honeyed moderation carries his
hearers with him so that he is leader in all assemblies of his fellows,
and wherever he goes he is looked up to. Another may be as handsome
as a god, but his good looks are not crowned with discretion. This
is your case. No god could make a finer looking fellow than you are,
re a fool. Your ill-judged remarks have made me exceedingly
angry, and you are quite mistaken, for I excel in a great many athletic
exercises; indeed, so long as I had youth and strength, I was among
the first athletes of the age. Now, however, I am worn out by labour
and sorrow, for I have gone through much both on the field of battle
and by the waves of the weary sea; still, in spite of all this I will
compete, for your taunts have stung me to the quick."
So he hurried up without even taking his cloak oM
ff, and seized a disc,
larger, more massive and much heavier than those used by the Phaeacians
when disc-throwing among themselves. Then, swinging it back, he threw
it from his brawny hand, and it made a humming sound in the air as
he did so. The Phaeacians quailed beneath the rushing of its flight
as it sped gracefully from his hand, and flew beyond any mark that
had been made yet. Minerva, in the form of a man, came and marked
the place where it had fallen. "A blind man, Sir," said she, "could
your mark by groping for it- it is so far ahead of any
other. You may make your mind easy about this contest, for no Phaeacian
can come near to such a throw as yours."
Ulysses was glad when he found he had a friend among the lookers-on,
so he began to speak more pleasantly. "Young men," said he, "come
up to that throw if you can, and I will throw another disc as heavy
or even heavier. If anyone wants to have a bout with me let him come
on, for I am exceedingly angry; I will box, wrestle, or run, I do
t care what it is, with any man of you all except Laodamas, but
not with him because I am his guest, and one cannot compete with one's
own personal friend. At least I do not think it a prudent or a sensible
thing for a guest to challenge his host's family at any game, especially
when he is in a foreign country. He will cut the ground from under
his own feet if he does; but I make no exception as regards any one
else, for I want to have the matter out and know which is the best
man. I am a good hand at every M
kind of athletic sport known among
mankind. I am an excellent archer. In battle I am always the first
to bring a man down with my arrow, no matter how many more are taking
aim at him alongside of me. Philoctetes was the only man who could
shoot better than I could when we Achaeans were before Troy and in
practice. I far excel every one else in the whole world, of those
who still eat bread upon the face of the earth, but I should not like
to shoot against the mighty dead, such as Hercules, or Eurytus the
halian-men who could shoot against the gods themselves. This in
fact was how Eurytus came prematurely by his end, for Apollo was angry
with him and killed him because he challenged him as an archer. I
can throw a dart farther than any one else can shoot an arrow. Running
is the only point in respect of which I am afraid some of the Phaecians
might beat me, for I have been brought down very low at sea; my provisions
ran short, and therefore I am still weak."
They all held their peace except King Alcinous, M
have had much pleasure in hearing all that you have told us, from
which I understand that you are willing to show your prowess, as having
been displeased with some insolent remarks that have been made to
you by one of our athletes, and which could never have been uttered
by any one who knows how to talk with propriety. I hope you will apprehend
my meaning, and will explain to any be one of your chief men who may
be dining with yourself and your family when you get home, that we
ereditary aptitude for accomplishments of all kinds. We are
not particularly remarkable for our boxing, nor yet as wrestlers,
but we are singularly fleet of foot and are excellent sailors. We
are extremely fond of good dinners, music, and dancing; we also like
frequent changes of linen, warm baths, and good beds, so now, please,
some of you who are the best dancers set about dancing, that our guest
on his return home may be able to tell his friends how much we surpass
all other nations as sailors, runners, dM
ancers, minstrels. Demodocus
has left his lyre at my house, so run some one or other of you and
On this a servant hurried off to bring the lyre from the king's house,
and the nine men who had been chosen as stewards stood forward. It
was their business to manage everything connected with the sports,
so they made the ground smooth and marked a wide space for the dancers.
Presently the servant came back with Demodocus's lyre, and he took
his place in the midst of them, whereon the best yM
the town began to foot and trip it so nimbly that Ulysses was delighted
with the merry twinkling of their feet.
Meanwhile the bard began to sing the loves of Mars and Venus, and
how they first began their intrigue in the house of Vulcan. Mars made
Venus many presents, and defiled King Vulcan's marriage bed, so the
sun, who saw what they were about, told Vulcan. Vulcan was very angry
when he heard such dreadful news, so he went to his smithy brooding
mischief, got his great anvil into its M
place, and began to forge some
chains which none could either unloose or break, so that they might
stay there in that place. When he had finished his snare he went into
his bedroom and festooned the bed-posts all over with chains like
cobwebs; he also let many hang down from the great beam of the ceiling.
Not even a god could see them, so fine and subtle were they. As soon
as he had spread the chains all over the bed, he made as though he
were setting out for the fair state of Lemnos, which of all places
the world was the one he was most fond of. But Mars kept no blind
look out, and as soon as he saw him start, hurried off to his house,
burning with love for Venus.
Now Venus was just come in from a visit to her father Jove, and was
about sitting down when Mars came inside the house, an said as he
took her hand in his own, "Let us go to the couch of Vulcan: he is
not at home, but is gone off to Lemnos among the Sintians, whose speech
She was nothing loth, so they went to the couch to taM
whereon they were caught in the toils which cunning Vulcan had spread
for them, and could neither get up nor stir hand or foot, but found
too late that they were in a trap. Then Vulcan came up to them, for
he had turned back before reaching Lemnos, when his scout the sun
told him what was going on. He was in a furious passion, and stood
in the vestibule making a dreadful noise as he shouted to all the
"Father Jove," he cried, "and all you other blessed gods who live
ere and see the ridiculous and disgraceful sight that
I will show you. Jove's daughter Venus is always dishonouring me because
I am lame. She is in love with Mars, who is handsome and clean built,
whereas I am a cripple- but my parents are to blame for that, not
I; they ought never to have begotten me. Come and see the pair together
asleep on my bed. It makes me furious to look at them. They are very
fond of one another, but I do not think they will lie there longer
than they can help, nor do I think that thM
ey will sleep much; there,
however, they shall stay till her father has repaid me the sum I gave
him for his baggage of a daughter, who is fair but not honest."
On this the gods gathered to the house of Vulcan. Earth-encircling
Neptune came, and Mercury the bringer of luck, and King Apollo, but
the goddesses stayed at home all of them for shame. Then the givers
of all good things stood in the doorway, and the blessed gods roared
with inextinguishable laughter, as they saw how cunning Vulcan had
eon one would turn towards his neighbour saying:
"Ill deeds do not prosper, and the weak confound the strong. See how
limping Vulcan, lame as he is, has caught Mars who is the fleetest
god in heaven; and now Mars will be cast in heavy damages."
Thus did they converse, but King Apollo said to Mercury, "Messenger
Mercury, giver of good things, you would not care how strong the chains
were, would you, if you could sleep with Venus?"
"King Apollo," answered Mercury, "I only wish I might get the chance,
hough there were three times as many chains- and you might look on,
all of you, gods and goddesses, but would sleep with her if I could."
The immortal gods burst out laughing as they heard him, but Neptune
took it all seriously, and kept on imploring Vulcan to set Mars free
again. "Let him go," he cried, "and I will undertake, as you require,
that he shall pay you all the damages that are held reasonable among
the immortal gods."
"Do not," replied Vulcan, "ask me to do this; a bad man's bond is
urity; what remedy could I enforce against you if Mars should
go away and leave his debts behind him along with his chains?"
"Vulcan," said Neptune, "if Mars goes away without paying his damages,
I will pay you myself." So Vulcan answered, "In this case I cannot
and must not refuse you."
Thereon he loosed the bonds that bound them, and as soon as they were
free they scampered off, Mars to Thrace and laughter-loving Venus
to Cyprus and to Paphos, where is her grove and her altar fragrant
rings. Here the Graces hathed her, and anointed her
with oil of ambrosia such as the immortal gods make use of, and they
clothed her in raiment of the most enchanting beauty.
Thus sang the bard, and both Ulysses and the seafaring Phaeacians
were charmed as they heard him.
Then Alcinous told Laodamas and Halius to dance alone, for there was
no one to compete with them. So they took a red ball which Polybus
had made for them, and one of them bent himself backwards and threw
it up towards the clouds, whiM
le the other jumped from off the ground
and caught it with ease before it came down again. When they had done
throwing the ball straight up into the air they began to dance, and
at the same time kept on throwing it backwards and forwards to one
another, while all the young men in the ring applauded and made a
great stamping with their feet. Then Ulysses said:
"King Alcinous, you said your people were the nimblest dancers in
the world, and indeed they have proved themselves to be so. I was
The king was delighted at this, and exclaimed to the Phaecians "Aldermen
and town councillors, our guest seems to be a person of singular judgement;
let us give him such proof of our hospitality as he may reasonably
expect. There are twelve chief men among you, and counting myself
there are thirteen; contribute, each of you, a clean cloak, a shirt,
and a talent of fine gold; let us give him all this in a lump down
at once, so that when he gets his supper he may do so with a light
r Euryalus he will have to make a formal apology and a
present too, for he has been rude."
Thus did he speak. The others all of them applauded his saying, and
sent their servants to fetch the presents. Then Euryalus said, "King
Alcinous, I will give the stranger all the satisfaction you require.
He shall have sword, which is of bronze, all but the hilt, which is
of silver. I will also give him the scabbard of newly sawn ivory into
which it fits. It will be worth a great deal to him."
aced the sword in the hands of Ulysses and said,
"Good luck to you, father stranger; if anything has been said amiss
may the winds blow it away with them, and may heaven grant you a safe
return, for I understand you have been long away from home, and have
gone through much hardship."
To which Ulysses answered, "Good luck to you too my friend, and may
the gods grant you every happiness. I hope you will not miss the sword
you have given me along with your apology."
With these words he girded the sword aM
bout his shoulders and towards
sundown the presents began to make their appearance, as the servants
of the donors kept bringing them to the house of King Alcinous; here
his sons received them, and placed them under their mother's charge.
Then Alcinous led the way to the house and bade his guests take their
"Wife," said he, turning to Queen Arete, "Go, fetch the best chest
we have, and put a clean cloak and shirt in it. Also, set a copper
on the fire and heat some water; our guest will take a warm M
see also to the careful packing of the presents that the noble Phaeacians
have made him; he will thus better enjoy both his supper and the singing
that will follow. I shall myself give him this golden goblet- which
is of exquisite workmanship- that he may be reminded of me for the
rest of his life whenever he makes a drink-offering to Jove, or to
Then Arete told her maids to set a large tripod upon the fire as fast
as they could, whereon they set a tripod full of bath water on to
a clear fire; they threw on sticks to make it blaze, and the water
became hot as the flame played about the belly of the tripod. Meanwhile
Arete brought a magnificent chest her own room, and inside it she
packed all the beautiful presents of gold and raiment which the Phaeacians
had brought. Lastly she added a cloak and a good shirt from Alcinous,
and said to Ulysses:
"See to the lid yourself, and have the whole bound round at once,
for fear any one should rob you by the way when you are asleep in
When Ulysses heard this he put the lid on the chest and made it fast
with a bond that Circe had taught him. He had done so before an upper
servant told him to come to the bath and wash himself. He was very
glad of a warm bath, for he had had no one to wait upon him ever since
he left the house of Calypso, who as long as he remained with her
had taken as good care of him as though he had been a god. When the
servants had done washing and anointing him with oil, and had given
him a clean cloak and sM
hirt, he left the bath room and joined the
guests who were sitting over their wine. Lovely Nausicaa stood by
one of the bearing-posts supporting the roof if the cloister, and
admired him as she saw him pass. "Farewell stranger," said she, "do
not forget me when you are safe at home again, for it is to me first
that you owe a ransom for having saved your life."
And Ulysses said, "Nausicaa, daughter of great Alcinous, may Jove
the mighty husband of Juno, grant that I may reach my home; so shall
as my guardian angel all my days, for it was you who saved
When he had said this, he seated himself beside Alcinous. Supper was
then served, and the wine was mixed for drinking. A servant led in
the favourite bard Demodocus, and set him in the midst of the company,
near one of the bearing-posts supporting the cloister, that he might
lean against it. Then Ulysses cut off a piece of roast pork with plenty
of fat (for there was abundance left on the joint) and said to a servant,
"Take this piece of poM
rk over to Demodocus and tell him to eat it;
for all the pain his lays may cause me I will salute him none the
less; bards are honoured and respected throughout the world, for the
muse teaches them their songs and loves them."
The servant carried the pork in his fingers over to Demodocus, who
took it and was very much pleased. They then laid their hands on the
good things that were before them, and as soon as they had had to
eat and drink, Ulysses said to Demodocus, "Demodocus, there is no
ld whom I admire more than I do you. You must have studied
under the Muse, Jove's daughter, and under Apollo, so accurately do
you sing the return of the Achaeans with all their sufferings and
adventures. If you were not there yourself, you must have heard it
all from some one who was. Now, however, change your song and tell
us of the wooden horse which Epeus made with the assistance of Minerva,
and which Ulysses got by stratagem into the fort of Troy after freighting
it with the men who afterwards sacked thM
e city. If you will sing this
tale aright I will tell all the world how magnificently heaven has
The bard inspired of heaven took up the story at the point where some
of the Argives set fire to their tents and sailed away while others,
hidden within the horse, were waiting with Ulysses in the Trojan place
of assembly. For the Trojans themselves had drawn the horse into their
fortress, and it stood there while they sat in council round it, and
were in three minds as to what they should do. SM
ome were for breaking
it up then and there; others would have it dragged to the top of the
rock on which the fortress stood, and then thrown down the precipice;
while yet others were for letting it remain as an offering and propitiation
for the gods. And this was how they settled it in the end, for the
city was doomed when it took in that horse, within which were all
the bravest of the Argives waiting to bring death and destruction
on the Trojans. Anon he sang how the sons of the Achaeans issued from
rse, and sacked the town, breaking out from their ambuscade.
He sang how they over ran the city hither and thither and ravaged
it, and how Ulysses went raging like Mars along with Menelaus to the
house of Deiphobus. It was there that the fight raged most furiously,
nevertheless by Minerva's help he was victorious.
All this he told, but Ulysses was overcome as he heard him, and his
cheeks were wet with tears. He wept as a woman weeps when she throws
herself on the body of her husband who has fallen before M
and people, fighting bravely in defence of his home and children.
She screams aloud and flings her arms about him as he lies gasping
for breath and dying, but her enemies beat her from behind about the
back and shoulders, and carry her off into slavery, to a life of labour
and sorrow, and the beauty fades from her cheeks- even so piteously
did Ulysses weep, but none of those present perceived his tears except
Alcinous, who was sitting near him, and could hear the sobs and sighs
ing. The king, therefore, at once rose and said:
"Aldermen and town councillors of the Phaeacians, let Demodocus cease
his song, for there are those present who do not seem to like it.
From the moment that we had done supper and Demodocus began to sing,
our guest has been all the time groaning and lamenting. He is evidently
in great trouble, so let the bard leave off, that we may all enjoy
ourselves, hosts and guest alike. This will be much more as it should
be, for all these festivities, with the escort aM
nd the presents that
we are making with so much good will, are wholly in his honour, and
any one with even a moderate amount of right feeling knows that he
ought to treat a guest and a suppliant as though he were his own brother.
"Therefore, Sir, do you on your part affect no more concealment nor
reserve in the matter about which I shall ask you; it will be more
polite in you to give me a plain answer; tell me the name by which
your father and mother over yonder used to call you, and by which
wn among your neighbours and fellow-citizens. There is
no one, neither rich nor poor, who is absolutely without any name
whatever, for people's fathers and mothers give them names as soon
as they are born. Tell me also your country, nation, and city, that
our ships may shape their purpose accordingly and take you there.
For the Phaeacians have no pilots; their vessels have no rudders as
those of other nations have, but the ships themselves understand what
it is that we are thinking about and want; they know M
and countries in the whole world, and can traverse the sea just as
well even when it is covered with mist and cloud, so that there is
no danger of being wrecked or coming to any harm. Still I do remember
hearing my father say that Neptune was angry with us for being too
easy-going in the matter of giving people escorts. He said that one
of these days he should wreck a ship of ours as it was returning from
having escorted some one, and bury our city under a high mountain.
This is what my used M
to say, but whether the god will carry out his
threat or no is a matter which he will decide for himself.
"And now, tell me and tell me true. Where have you been wandering,
and in what countries have you travelled? Tell us of the peoples themselves,
and of their cities- who were hostile, savage and uncivilized, and
who, on the other hand, hospitable and humane. Tell us also why you
are made unhappy on hearing about the return of the Argive Danaans
from Troy. The gods arranged all this, and sent them their M
in order that future generations might have something to sing about.
Did you lose some brave kinsman of your wife's when you were before
Troy? a son-in-law or father-in-law- which are the nearest relations
a man has outside his own flesh and blood? or was it some brave and
kindly-natured comrade- for a good friend is as dear to a man as his
----------------------------------------------------------------------
And Ulysses answered, "King Alcinous, it is a good thingM
a bard with such a divine voice as this man has. There is nothing
better or more delightful than when a whole people make merry together,
with the guests sitting orderly to listen, while the table is loaded
with bread and meats, and the cup-bearer draws wine and fills his
cup for every man. This is indeed as fair a sight as a man can see.
Now, however, since you are inclined to ask the story of my sorrows,
and rekindle my own sad memories in respect of them, I do not know
how to begin, nor yet how M
to continue and conclude my tale, for the
hand of heaven has been laid heavily upon me.
"Firstly, then, I will tell you my name that you too may know it,
and one day, if I outlive this time of sorrow, may become my there
guests though I live so far away from all of you. I am Ulysses son
of Laertes, reknowned among mankind for all manner of subtlety, so
that my fame ascends to heaven. I live in Ithaca, where there is a
high mountain called Neritum, covered with forests; and not far from
p of islands very near to one another- Dulichium,
Same, and the wooded island of Zacynthus. It lies squat on the horizon,
all highest up in the sea towards the sunset, while the others lie
away from it towards dawn. It is a rugged island, but it breeds brave
men, and my eyes know none that they better love to look upon. The
goddess Calypso kept me with her in her cave, and wanted me to marry
her, as did also the cunning Aeaean goddess Circe; but they could
neither of them persuade me, for there is nothing deM
than his own country and his parents, and however splendid a home
he may have in a foreign country, if it be far from father or mother,
he does not care about it. Now, however, I will tell you of the many
hazardous adventures which by Jove's will I met with on my return
"When I had set sail thence the wind took me first to Ismarus, which
is the city of the Cicons. There I sacked the town and put the people
to the sword. We took their wives and also much booty, which we divided
quitably amongst us, so that none might have reason to complain.
I then said that we had better make off at once, but my men very foolishly
would not obey me, so they stayed there drinking much wine and killing
great numbers of sheep and oxen on the sea shore. Meanwhile the Cicons
cried out for help to other Cicons who lived inland. These were more
in number, and stronger, and they were more skilled in the art of
war, for they could fight, either from chariots or on foot as the
occasion served; in the morninM
g, therefore, they came as thick as
leaves and bloom in summer, and the hand of heaven was against us,
so that we were hard pressed. They set the battle in array near the
ships, and the hosts aimed their bronze-shod spears at one another.
So long as the day waxed and it was still morning, we held our own
against them, though they were more in number than we; but as the
sun went down, towards the time when men loose their oxen, the Cicons
got the better of us, and we lost half a dozen men from every ship
had; so we got away with those that were left.
"Thence we sailed onward with sorrow in our hearts, but glad to have
escaped death though we had lost our comrades, nor did we leave till
we had thrice invoked each one of the poor fellows who had perished
by the hands of the Cicons. Then Jove raised the North wind against
us till it blew a hurricane, so that land and sky were hidden in thick
clouds, and night sprang forth out of the heavens. We let the ships
run before the gale, but the force of the wind torM
e our sails to tatters,
so we took them down for fear of shipwreck, and rowed our hardest
towards the land. There we lay two days and two nights suffering much
alike from toil and distress of mind, but on the morning of the third
day we again raised our masts, set sail, and took our places, letting
the wind and steersmen direct our ship. I should have got home at
that time unharmed had not the North wind and the currents been against
me as I was doubling Cape Malea, and set me off my course hard by
"I was driven thence by foul winds for a space of nine days upon the
sea, but on the tenth day we reached the land of the Lotus-eater,
who live on a food that comes from a kind of flower. Here we landed
to take in fresh water, and our crews got their mid-day meal on the
shore near the ships. When they had eaten and drunk I sent two of
my company to see what manner of men the people of the place might
be, and they had a third man under them. They started at once, and
went about among the LoM
tus-eaters, who did them no hurt, but gave
them to eat of the lotus, which was so delicious that those who ate
of it left off caring about home, and did not even want to go back
and say what had happened to them, but were for staying and munching
lotus with the Lotus-eater without thinking further of their return;
nevertheless, though they wept bitterly I forced them back to the
ships and made them fast under the benches. Then I told the rest to
go on board at once, lest any of them should taste of the lotusM
leave off wanting to get home, so they took their places and smote
the grey sea with their oars.
"We sailed hence, always in much distress, till we came to the land
of the lawless and inhuman Cyclopes. Now the Cyclopes neither plant
nor plough, but trust in providence, and live on such wheat, barley,
and grapes as grow wild without any kind of tillage, and their wild
grapes yield them wine as the sun and the rain may grow them. They
have no laws nor assemblies of the people, but live in caves on theM
tops of high mountains; each is lord and master in his family, and
they take no account of their neighbours.
"Now off their harbour there lies a wooded and fertile island not
quite close to the land of the Cyclopes, but still not far. It is
overrun with wild goats, that breed there in great numbers and are
never disturbed by foot of man; for sportsmen- who as a rule will
suffer so much hardship in forest or among mountain precipices- do
not go there, nor yet again is it ever ploughed or fed down, but itM
lies a wilderness untilled and unsown from year to year, and has no
living thing upon it but only goats. For the Cyclopes have no ships,
nor yet shipwrights who could make ships for them; they cannot therefore
go from city to city, or sail over the sea to one another's country
as people who have ships can do; if they had had these they would
have colonized the island, for it is a very good one, and would yield
everything in due season. There are meadows that in some places come
right down to the sea shore,M
well watered and full of luscious grass;
grapes would do there excellently; there is level land for ploughing,
and it would always yield heavily at harvest time, for the soil is
deep. There is a good harbour where no cables are wanted, nor yet
anchors, nor need a ship be moored, but all one has to do is to beach
one's vessel and stay there till the wind becomes fair for putting
out to sea again. At the head of the harbour there is a spring of
clear water coming out of a cave, and there are poplars growing aM
"Here we entered, but so dark was the night that some god must have
brought us in, for there was nothing whatever to be seen. A thick
mist hung all round our ships; the moon was hidden behind a mass of
clouds so that no one could have seen the island if he had looked
for it, nor were there any breakers to tell us we were close in shore
before we found ourselves upon the land itself; when, however, we
had beached the ships, we took down the sails, went ashore and camped
upon the beach till dM
"When the child of morning, rosy-fingered Dawn, appeared, we admired
the island and wandered all over it, while the nymphs Jove's daughters
roused the wild goats that we might get some meat for our dinner.
On this we fetched our spears and bows and arrows from the ships,
and dividing ourselves into three bands began to shoot the goats.
Heaven sent us excellent sport; I had twelve ships with me, and each
ship got nine goats, while my own ship had ten; thus through the livelong
day to the going doM
wn of the sun we ate and drank our fill,- and we
had plenty of wine left, for each one of us had taken many jars full
when we sacked the city of the Cicons, and this had not yet run out.
While we were feasting we kept turning our eyes towards the land of
the Cyclopes, which was hard by, and saw the smoke of their stubble
fires. We could almost fancy we heard their voices and the bleating
of their sheep and goats, but when the sun went down and it came on
dark, we camped down upon the beach, and next morning M
"'Stay here, my brave fellows,' said I, 'all the rest of you, while
I go with my ship and exploit these people myself: I want to see if
they are uncivilized savages, or a hospitable and humane race.'
"I went on board, bidding my men to do so also and loose the hawsers;
so they took their places and smote the grey sea with their oars.
When we got to the land, which was not far, there, on the face of
a cliff near the sea, we saw a great cave overhung with laurels. It
a great many sheep and goats, and outside there
was a large yard, with a high wall round it made of stones built into
the ground and of trees both pine and oak. This was the abode of a
huge monster who was then away from home shepherding his flocks. He
would have nothing to do with other people, but led the life of an
outlaw. He was a horrid creature, not like a human being at all, but
resembling rather some crag that stands out boldly against the sky
on the top of a high mountain.
"I told my men to drawM
the ship ashore, and stay where they were,
all but the twelve best among them, who were to go along with myself.
I also took a goatskin of sweet black wine which had been given me
by Maron, Apollo son of Euanthes, who was priest of Apollo the patron
god of Ismarus, and lived within the wooded precincts of the temple.
When we were sacking the city we respected him, and spared his life,
as also his wife and child; so he made me some presents of great value-
seven talents of fine gold, and a bowl of silver, wiM
of sweet wine, unblended, and of the most exquisite flavour. Not a
man nor maid in the house knew about it, but only himself, his wife,
and one housekeeper: when he drank it he mixed twenty parts of water
to one of wine, and yet the fragrance from the mixing-bowl was so
exquisite that it was impossible to refrain from drinking. I filled
a large skin with this wine, and took a wallet full of provisions
with me, for my mind misgave me that I might have to deal with some
savage who would be of gM
reat strength, and would respect neither right
"We soon reached his cave, but he was out shepherding, so we went
inside and took stock of all that we could see. His cheese-racks were
loaded with cheeses, and he had more lambs and kids than his pens
could hold. They were kept in separate flocks; first there were the
hoggets, then the oldest of the younger lambs and lastly the very
young ones all kept apart from one another; as for his dairy, all
the vessels, bowls, and milk pails into which he miM
with whey. When they saw all this, my men begged me to let them first
steal some cheeses, and make off with them to the ship; they would
then return, drive down the lambs and kids, put them on board and
sail away with them. It would have been indeed better if we had done
so but I would not listen to them, for I wanted to see the owner himself,
in the hope that he might give me a present. When, however, we saw
him my poor men found him ill to deal with.
"We lit a fire, offered some of M
the cheeses in sacrifice, ate others
of them, and then sat waiting till the Cyclops should come in with
his sheep. When he came, he brought in with him a huge load of dry
firewood to light the fire for his supper, and this he flung with
such a noise on to the floor of his cave that we hid ourselves for
fear at the far end of the cavern. Meanwhile he drove all the ewes
inside, as well as the she-goats that he was going to milk, leaving
the males, both rams and he-goats, outside in the yards. Then he rolled
huge stone to the mouth of the cave- so huge that two and twenty
strong four-wheeled waggons would not be enough to draw it from its
place against the doorway. When he had so done he sat down and milked
his ewes and goats, all in due course, and then let each of them have
her own young. He curdled half the milk and set it aside in wicker
strainers, but the other half he poured into bowls that he might drink
it for his supper. When he had got through with all his work, he lit
the fire, and then caught sight M
of us, whereon he said:
"'Strangers, who are you? Where do sail from? Are you traders, or
do you sail the as rovers, with your hands against every man, and
every man's hand against you?'
"We were frightened out of our senses by his loud voice and monstrous
form, but I managed to say, 'We are Achaeans on our way home from
Troy, but by the will of Jove, and stress of weather, we have been
driven far out of our course. We are the people of Agamemnon, son
of Atreus, who has won infinite renown throughout M
by sacking so great a city and killing so many people. We therefore
humbly pray you to show us some hospitality, and otherwise make us
such presents as visitors may reasonably expect. May your excellency
fear the wrath of heaven, for we are your suppliants, and Jove takes
all respectable travellers under his protection, for he is the avenger
of all suppliants and foreigners in distress.'
"To this he gave me but a pitiless answer, 'Stranger,' said he, 'you
are a fool, or else you know notM
hing of this country. Talk to me,
indeed, about fearing the gods or shunning their anger? We Cyclopes
do not care about Jove or any of your blessed gods, for we are ever
so much stronger than they. I shall not spare either yourself or your
companions out of any regard for Jove, unless I am in the humour for
doing so. And now tell me where you made your ship fast when you came
on shore. Was it round the point, or is she lying straight off the
"He said this to draw me out, but I was too cunning to bM
that way, so I answered with a lie; 'Neptune,' said I, 'sent my ship
on to the rocks at the far end of your country, and wrecked it. We
were driven on to them from the open sea, but I and those who are
with me escaped the jaws of death.'
"The cruel wretch vouchsafed me not one word of answer, but with a
sudden clutch he gripped up two of my men at once and dashed them
down upon the ground as though they had been puppies. Their brains
were shed upon the ground, and the earth was wet with theirM
Then he tore them limb from limb and supped upon them. He gobbled
them up like a lion in the wilderness, flesh, bones, marrow, and entrails,
without leaving anything uneaten. As for us, we wept and lifted up
our hands to heaven on seeing such a horrid sight, for we did not
know what else to do; but when the Cyclops had filled his huge paunch,
and had washed down his meal of human flesh with a drink of neat milk,
he stretched himself full length upon the ground among his sheep,
and went to sleep. I wM
as at first inclined to seize my sword, draw
it, and drive it into his vitals, but I reflected that if I did we
should all certainly be lost, for we should never be able to shift
the stone which the monster had put in front of the door. So we stayed
sobbing and sighing where we were till morning came.
"When the child of morning, rosy-fingered Dawn, appeared, he again
lit his fire, milked his goats and ewes, all quite rightly, and then
let each have her own young one; as soon as he had got through with
l his work, he clutched up two more of my men, and began eating
them for his morning's meal. Presently, with the utmost ease, he rolled
the stone away from the door and drove out his sheep, but he at once
put it back again- as easily as though he were merely clapping the
lid on to a quiver full of arrows. As soon as he had done so he shouted,
and cried 'Shoo, shoo,' after his sheep to drive them on to the mountain;
so I was left to scheme some way of taking my revenge and covering
the end I deemed it would be the best plan to do as follows. The
Cyclops had a great club which was lying near one of the sheep pens;
it was of green olive wood, and he had cut it intending to use it
for a staff as soon as it should be dry. It was so huge that we could
only compare it to the mast of a twenty-oared merchant vessel of large
burden, and able to venture out into open sea. I went up to this club
and cut off about six feet of it; I then gave this piece to the men
and told them to fine it evenly ofM
f at one end, which they proceeded
to do, and lastly I brought it to a point myself, charring the end
in the fire to make it harder. When I had done this I hid it under
dung, which was lying about all over the cave, and told the men to
cast lots which of them should venture along with myself to lift it
and bore it into the monster's eye while he was asleep. The lot fell
upon the very four whom I should have chosen, and I myself made five.
In the evening the wretch came back from shepherding, and drove his
locks into the cave- this time driving them all inside, and not leaving
any in the yards; I suppose some fancy must have taken him, or a god
must have prompted him to do so. As soon as he had put the stone back
to its place against the door, he sat down, milked his ewes and his
goats all quite rightly, and then let each have her own young one;
when he had got through with all this work, he gripped up two more
of my men, and made his supper off them. So I went up to him with
an ivy-wood bowl of black wine in M
"'Look here, Cyclops,' said I, you have been eating a great deal of
man's flesh, so take this and drink some wine, that you may see what
kind of liquor we had on board my ship. I was bringing it to you as
a drink-offering, in the hope that you would take compassion upon
me and further me on my way home, whereas all you do is to go on ramping
and raving most intolerably. You ought to be ashamed yourself; how
can you expect people to come see you any more if you treat them in
hen took the cup and drank. He was so delighted with the taste
of the wine that he begged me for another bowl full. 'Be so kind,'
he said, 'as to give me some more, and tell me your name at once.
I want to make you a present that you will be glad to have. We have
wine even in this country, for our soil grows grapes and the sun ripens
them, but this drinks like nectar and ambrosia all in one.'
"I then gave him some more; three times did I fill the bowl for him,
and three times did he drain it without thoughM
t or heed; then, when
I saw that the wine had got into his head, I said to him as plausibly
as I could: 'Cyclops, you ask my name and I will tell it you; give
me, therefore, the present you promised me; my name is Noman; this
is what my father and mother and my friends have always called me.'
"But the cruel wretch said, 'Then I will eat all Noman's comrades
before Noman himself, and will keep Noman for the last. This is the
present that I will make him.'
As he spoke he reeled, and fell sprawling face uM
pwards on the ground.
His great neck hung heavily backwards and a deep sleep took hold upon
him. Presently he turned sick, and threw up both wine and the gobbets
of human flesh on which he had been gorging, for he was very drunk.
Then I thrust the beam of wood far into the embers to heat it, and
encouraged my men lest any of them should turn faint-hearted. When
the wood, green though it was, was about to blaze, I drew it out of
the fire glowing with heat, and my men gathered round me, for heaven
their hearts with courage. We drove the sharp end of the
beam into the monster's eye, and bearing upon it with all my weight
I kept turning it round and round as though I were boring a hole in
a ship's plank with an auger, which two men with a wheel and strap
can keep on turning as long as they choose. Even thus did we bore
the red hot beam into his eye, till the boiling blood bubbled all
over it as we worked it round and round, so that the steam from the
burning eyeball scalded his eyelids and eyebrows, andM
the eye sputtered in the fire. As a blacksmith plunges an axe or hatchet
into cold water to temper it- for it is this that gives strength to
the iron- and it makes a great hiss as he does so, even thus did the
Cyclops' eye hiss round the beam of olive wood, and his hideous yells
made the cave ring again. We ran away in a fright, but he plucked
the beam all besmirched with gore from his eye, and hurled it from
him in a frenzy of rage and pain, shouting as he did so to the other
ed on the bleak headlands near him; so they gathered
from all quarters round his cave when they heard him crying, and asked
what was the matter with him.
"'What ails you, Polyphemus,' said they, 'that you make such a noise,
breaking the stillness of the night, and preventing us from being
able to sleep? Surely no man is carrying off your sheep? Surely no
man is trying to kill you either by fraud or by force?
"But Polyphemus shouted to them from inside the cave, 'Noman is killing
me by fraud! Noman is M
killing me by force!'
"'Then,' said they, 'if no man is attacking you, you must be ill;
when Jove makes people ill, there is no help for it, and you had better
pray to your father Neptune.'
"Then they went away, and I laughed inwardly at the success of my
clever stratagem, but the Cyclops, groaning and in an agony of pain,
felt about with his hands till he found the stone and took it from
the door; then he sat in the doorway and stretched his hands in front
of it to catch anyone going out with the sheM
ep, for he thought I might
be foolish enough to attempt this.
"As for myself I kept on puzzling to think how I could best save my
own life and those of my companions; I schemed and schemed, as one
who knows that his life depends upon it, for the danger was very great.
In the end I deemed that this plan would be the best. The male sheep
were well grown, and carried a heavy black fleece, so I bound them
noiselessly in threes together, with some of the withies on which
the wicked monster used to sleep. TherM
e was to be a man under the
middle sheep, and the two on either side were to cover him, so that
there were three sheep to each man. As for myself there was a ram
finer than any of the others, so I caught hold of him by the back,
esconced myself in the thick wool under his belly, and flung on patiently
to his fleece, face upwards, keeping a firm hold on it all the time.
"Thus, then, did we wait in great fear of mind till morning came,
but when the child of morning, rosy-fingered Dawn, appeared, the male
eep hurried out to feed, while the ewes remained bleating about
the pens waiting to be milked, for their udders were full to bursting;
but their master in spite of all his pain felt the backs of all the
sheep as they stood upright, without being sharp enough to find out
that the men were underneath their bellies. As the ram was going out,
last of all, heavy with its fleece and with the weight of my crafty
self; Polyphemus laid hold of it and said:
"'My good ram, what is it that makes you the last to leaveM
this morning? You are not wont to let the ewes go before you, but
lead the mob with a run whether to flowery mead or bubbling fountain,
and are the first to come home again at night; but now you lag last
of all. Is it because you know your master has lost his eye, and are
sorry because that wicked Noman and his horrid crew have got him down
in his drink and blinded him? But I will have his life yet. If you
could understand and talk, you would tell me where the wretch is hiding,
and I would dash hisM
brains upon the ground till they flew all over
the cave. I should thus have some satisfaction for the harm a this
no-good Noman has done me.'
"As spoke he drove the ram outside, but when we were a little way
out from the cave and yards, I first got from under the ram's belly,
and then freed my comrades; as for the sheep, which were very fat,
by constantly heading them in the right direction we managed to drive
them down to the ship. The crew rejoiced greatly at seeing those of
us who had escaped death, M
but wept for the others whom the Cyclops
had killed. However, I made signs to them by nodding and frowning
that they were to hush their crying, and told them to get all the
sheep on board at once and put out to sea; so they went aboard, took
their places, and smote the grey sea with their oars. Then, when I
had got as far out as my voice would reach, I began to jeer at the
"'Cyclops,' said I, 'you should have taken better measure of your
man before eating up his comrades in your cave. You wretchM
your visitors in your own house? You might have known that your sin
would find you out, and now Jove and the other gods have punished
"He got more and more furious as he heard me, so he tore the top from
off a high mountain, and flung it just in front of my ship so that
it was within a little of hitting the end of the rudder. The sea quaked
as the rock fell into it, and the wash of the wave it raised carried
us back towards the mainland, and forced us towards the shore. But
a long pole and kept the ship off, making signs to my
men by nodding my head, that they must row for their lives, whereon
they laid out with a will. When we had got twice as far as we were
before, I was for jeering at the Cyclops again, but the men begged
and prayed of me to hold my tongue.
"'Do not,' they exclaimed, 'be mad enough to provoke this savage creature
further; he has thrown one rock at us already which drove us back
again to the mainland, and we made sure it had been the death of us;
d then heard any further sound of voices he would have pounded
our heads and our ship's timbers into a jelly with the rugged rocks
he would have heaved at us, for he can throw them a long way.'
"But I would not listen to them, and shouted out to him in my rage,
'Cyclops, if any one asks you who it was that put your eye out and
spoiled your beauty, say it was the valiant warrior Ulysses, son of
Laertes, who lives in Ithaca.'
"On this he groaned, and cried out, 'Alas, alas, then the old prophecy
is coming true. There was a prophet here, at one time, a
man both brave and of great stature, Telemus son of Eurymus, who was
an excellent seer, and did all the prophesying for the Cyclopes till
he grew old; he told me that all this would happen to me some day,
and said I should lose my sight by the hand of Ulysses. I have been
all along expecting some one of imposing presence and superhuman strength,
whereas he turns out to be a little insignificant weakling, who has
managed to blind my eye by taking advanM
tage of me in my drink; come
here, then, Ulysses, that I may make you presents to show my hospitality,
and urge Neptune to help you forward on your journey- for Neptune
and I are father and son. He, if he so will, shall heal me, which
no one else neither god nor man can do.'
"Then I said, 'I wish I could be as sure of killing you outright and
sending you down to the house of Hades, as I am that it will take
more than Neptune to cure that eye of yours.'
"On this he lifted up his hands to the firmament M
of heaven and prayed,
saying, 'Hear me, great Neptune; if I am indeed your own true-begotten
son, grant that Ulysses may never reach his home alive; or if he must
get back to his friends at last, let him do so late and in sore plight
after losing all his men [let him reach his home in another man's
ship and find trouble in his house.']
"Thus did he pray, and Neptune heard his prayer. Then he picked up
a rock much larger than the first, swung it aloft and hurled it with
prodigious force. It fell just shorM
t of the ship, but was within a
little of hitting the end of the rudder. The sea quaked as the rock
fell into it, and the wash of the wave it raised drove us onwards
on our way towards the shore of the island.
"When at last we got to the island where we had left the rest of our
ships, we found our comrades lamenting us, and anxiously awaiting
our return. We ran our vessel upon the sands and got out of her on
to the sea shore; we also landed the Cyclops' sheep, and divided them
equitably amongst us so thaM
t none might have reason to complain. As
for the ram, my companions agreed that I should have it as an extra
share; so I sacrificed it on the sea shore, and burned its thigh bones
to Jove, who is the lord of all. But he heeded not my sacrifice, and
only thought how he might destroy my ships and my comrades.
"Thus through the livelong day to the going down of the sun we feasted
our fill on meat and drink, but when the sun went down and it came
on dark, we camped upon the beach. When the child of morning, roM
Dawn, appeared, I bade my men on board and loose the hawsers. Then
they took their places and smote the grey sea with their oars; so
we sailed on with sorrow in our hearts, but glad to have escaped death
though we had lost our comrades.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Thence we went on to the Aeoli island where lives Aeolus son of Hippotas,
dear to the immortal gods. It is an island that floats (as it were)
upon the sea, iron bound with a walM
l that girds it. Now, Aeolus has
six daughters and six lusty sons, so he made the sons marry the daughters,
and they all live with their dear father and mother, feasting and
enjoying every conceivable kind of luxury. All day long the atmosphere
of the house is loaded with the savour of roasting meats till it groans
again, yard and all; but by night they sleep on their well-made bedsteads,
each with his own wife between the blankets. These were the people
among whom we had now come.
"Aeolus entertained meM
for a whole month asking me questions all the
time about Troy, the Argive fleet, and the return of the Achaeans.
I told him exactly how everything had happened, and when I said I
must go, and asked him to further me on my way, he made no sort of
difficulty, but set about doing so at once. Moreover, he flayed me
a prime ox-hide to hold the ways of the roaring winds, which he shut
up in the hide as in a sack- for Jove had made him captain over the
winds, and he could stir or still each one of them according tM
own pleasure. He put the sack in the ship and bound the mouth so tightly
with a silver thread that not even a breath of a side-wind could blow
from any quarter. The West wind which was fair for us did he alone
let blow as it chose; but it all came to nothing, for we were lost
through our own folly.
"Nine days and nine nights did we sail, and on the tenth day our native
land showed on the horizon. We got so close in that we could see the
stubble fires burning, and I, being then dead beat, fell into M
sleep, for I had never let the rudder out of my own hands, that we
might get home the faster. On this the men fell to talking among themselves,
and said I was bringing back gold and silver in the sack that Aeolus
had given me. 'Bless my heart,' would one turn to his neighbour, saying,
'how this man gets honoured and makes friends to whatever city or
country he may go. See what fine prizes he is taking home from Troy,
while we, who have travelled just as far as he has, come back with
s we set out with- and now Aeolus has given him ever
so much more. Quick- let us see what it all is, and how much gold
and silver there is in the sack he gave him.'
"Thus they talked and evil counsels prevailed. They loosed the sack,
whereupon the wind flew howling forth and raised a storm that carried
us weeping out to sea and away from our own country. Then I awoke,
and knew not whether to throw myself into the sea or to live on and
make the best of it; but I bore it, covered myself up, and lay down
the ship, while the men lamented bitterly as the fierce winds bore
our fleet back to the Aeolian island.
"When we reached it we went ashore to take in water, and dined hard
by the ships. Immediately after dinner I took a herald and one of
my men and went straight to the house of Aeolus, where I found him
feasting with his wife and family; so we sat down as suppliants on
the threshold. They were astounded when they saw us and said, 'Ulysses,
what brings you here? What god has been ill-treating you? We tooM
great pains to further you on your way home to Ithaca, or wherever
it was that you wanted to go to.'
"Thus did they speak, but I answered sorrowfully, 'My men have undone
me; they, and cruel sleep, have ruined me. My friends, mend me this
mischief, for you can if you will.'
"I spoke as movingly as I could, but they said nothing, till their
father answered, 'Vilest of mankind, get you gone at once out of the
island; him whom heaven hates will I in no wise help. Be off, for
you come here as one abhorM
red of heaven. "And with these words he
sent me sorrowing from his door.
"Thence we sailed sadly on till the men were worn out with long and
fruitless rowing, for there was no longer any wind to help them. Six
days, night and day did we toil, and on the seventh day we reached
the rocky stronghold of Lamus- Telepylus, the city of the Laestrygonians,
where the shepherd who is driving in his sheep and goats [to be milked]
salutes him who is driving out his flock [to feed] and this last answers
n that country a man who could do without sleep might
earn double wages, one as a herdsman of cattle, and another as a shepherd,
for they work much the same by night as they do by day.
"When we reached the harbour we found it land-locked under steep cliffs,
with a narrow entrance between two headlands. My captains took all
their ships inside, and made them fast close to one another, for there
was never so much as a breath of wind inside, but it was always dead
calm. I kept my own ship outside, and moored M
it to a rock at the very
end of the point; then I climbed a high rock to reconnoitre, but could
see no sign neither of man nor cattle, only some smoke rising from
the ground. So I sent two of my company with an attendant to find
out what sort of people the inhabitants were.
"The men when they got on shore followed a level road by which the
people draw their firewood from the mountains into the town, till
presently they met a young woman who had come outside to fetch water,
and who was daughter to a LaestM
rygonian named Antiphates. She was
going to the fountain Artacia from which the people bring in their
water, and when my men had come close up to her, they asked her who
the king of that country might be, and over what kind of people he
ruled; so she directed them to her father's house, but when they got
there they found his wife to be a giantess as huge as a mountain,
and they were horrified at the sight of her.
"She at once called her husband Antiphates from the place of assembly,
and forthwith he set M
about killing my men. He snatched up one of them,
and began to make his dinner off him then and there, whereon the other
two ran back to the ships as fast as ever they could. But Antiphates
raised a hue and cry after them, and thousands of sturdy Laestrygonians
sprang up from every quarter- ogres, not men. They threw vast rocks
at us from the cliffs as though they had been mere stones, and I heard
the horrid sound of the ships crunching up against one another, and
the death cries of my men, as the LaestrygonM
ians speared them like
fishes and took them home to eat them. While they were thus killing
my men within the harbour I drew my sword, cut the cable of my own
ship, and told my men to row with alf their might if they too would
not fare like the rest; so they laid out for their lives, and we were
thankful enough when we got into open water out of reach of the rocks
they hurled at us. As for the others there was not one of them left.
"Thence we sailed sadly on, glad to have escaped death, though we
our comrades, and came to the Aeaean island, where Circe
lives a great and cunning goddess who is own sister to the magician
Aeetes- for they are both children of the sun by Perse, who is daughter
to Oceanus. We brought our ship into a safe harbour without a word,
for some god guided us thither, and having landed we there for two
days and two nights, worn out in body and mind. When the morning of
the third day came I took my spear and my sword, and went away from
the ship to reconnoitre, and see if I could dM
iscover signs of human
handiwork, or hear the sound of voices. Climbing to the top of a high
look-out I espied the smoke of Circe's house rising upwards amid a
dense forest of trees, and when I saw this I doubted whether, having
seen the smoke, I would not go on at once and find out more, but in
the end I deemed it best to go back to the ship, give the men their
dinners, and send some of them instead of going myself.
"When I had nearly got back to the ship some god took pity upon my
solitude, and sent a M
fine antlered stag right into the middle of my
path. He was coming down his pasture in the forest to drink of the
river, for the heat of the sun drove him, and as he passed I struck
him in the middle of the back; the bronze point of the spear went
clean through him, and he lay groaning in the dust until the life
went out of him. Then I set my foot upon him, drew my spear from the
wound, and laid it down; I also gathered rough grass and rushes and
twisted them into a fathom or so of good stout rope, with whicM
bound the four feet of the noble creature together; having so done
I hung him round my neck and walked back to the ship leaning upon
my spear, for the stag was much too big for me to be able to carry
him on my shoulder, steadying him with one hand. As I threw him down
in front of the ship, I called the men and spoke cheeringly man by
man to each of them. 'Look here my friends,' said I, 'we are not going
to die so much before our time after all, and at any rate we will
not starve so long as we have got sM
omething to eat and drink on board.'
On this they uncovered their heads upon the sea shore and admired
the stag, for he was indeed a splendid fellow. Then, when they had
feasted their eyes upon him sufficiently, they washed their hands
and began to cook him for dinner.
"Thus through the livelong day to the going down of the sun we stayed
there eating and drinking our fill, but when the sun went down and
it came on dark, we camped upon the sea shore. When the child of morning,
fingered Dawn, appeared, I cM
alled a council and said, 'My friends,
we are in very great difficulties; listen therefore to me. We have
no idea where the sun either sets or rises, so that we do not even
know East from West. I see no way out of it; nevertheless, we must
try and find one. We are certainly on an island, for I went as high
as I could this morning, and saw the sea reaching all round it to
the horizon; it lies low, but towards the middle I saw smoke rising
from out of a thick forest of trees.'
"Their hearts sank as they heM
ard me, for they remembered how they
had been treated by the Laestrygonian Antiphates, and by the savage
ogre Polyphemus. They wept bitterly in their dismay, but there was
nothing to be got by crying, so I divided them into two companies
and set a captain over each; I gave one company to Eurylochus, while
I took command of the other myself. Then we cast lots in a helmet,
and the lot fell upon Eurylochus; so he set out with his twenty-two
men, and they wept, as also did we who were left behind.
reached Circe's house they found it built of cut stones,
on a site that could be seen from far, in the middle of the forest.
There were wild mountain wolves and lions prowling all round it- poor
bewitched creatures whom she had tamed by her enchantments and drugged
into subjection. They did not attack my men, but wagged their great
tails, fawned upon them, and rubbed their noses lovingly against them.
As hounds crowd round their master when they see him coming from dinner-
for they know he will bring them soM
mething- even so did these wolves
and lions with their great claws fawn upon my men, but the men were
terribly frightened at seeing such strange creatures. Presently they
reached the gates of the goddess's house, and as they stood there
they could hear Circe within, singing most beautifully as she worked
at her loom, making a web so fine, so soft, and of such dazzling colours
as no one but a goddess could weave. On this Polites, whom I valued
and trusted more than any other of my men, said, 'There is some onM
inside working at a loom and singing most beautifully; the whole place
resounds with it, let us call her and see whether she is woman or
"They called her and she came down, unfastened the door, and bade
them enter. They, thinking no evil, followed her, all except Eurylochus,
who suspected mischief and stayed outside. When she had got them into
her house, she set them upon benches and seats and mixed them a mess
with cheese, honey, meal, and Pramnian but she drugged it with wicked
make them forget their homes, and when they had drunk she
turned them into pigs by a stroke of her wand, and shut them up in
her pigsties. They were like pigs-head, hair, and all, and they grunted
just as pigs do; but their senses were the same as before, and they
remembered everything.
"Thus then were they shut up squealing, and Circe threw them some
acorns and beech masts such as pigs eat, but Eurylochus hurried back
to tell me about the sad fate of our comrades. He was so overcome
with dismay that thoM
ugh he tried to speak he could find no words to
do so; his eyes filled with tears and he could only sob and sigh,
till at last we forced his story out of him, and he told us what had
happened to the others.
"'We went,' said he, as you told us, through the forest, and in the
middle of it there was a fine house built with cut stones in a place
that could be seen from far. There we found a woman, or else she was
a goddess, working at her loom and singing sweetly; so the men shouted
to her and called her, whM
ereon she at once came down, opened the door,
and invited us in. The others did not suspect any mischief so they
followed her into the house, but I stayed where I was, for I thought
there might be some treachery. From that moment I saw them no more,
for not one of them ever came out, though I sat a long time watching
"Then I took my sword of bronze and slung it over my shoulders; I
also took my bow, and told Eurylochus to come back with me and show
me the way. But he laid hold of me with both M
his hands and spoke piteously,
saying, 'Sir, do not force me to go with you, but let me stay here,
for I know you will not bring one of them back with you, nor even
return alive yourself; let us rather see if we cannot escape at any
rate with the few that are left us, for we may still save our lives.'
"'Stay where you are, then, 'answered I, 'eating and drinking at the
ship, but I must go, for I am most urgently bound to do so.'
"With this I left the ship and went up inland. When I got through
ed grove, and was near the great house of the enchantress
Circe, I met Mercury with his golden wand, disguised as a young man
in the hey-day of his youth and beauty with the down just coming upon
his face. He came up to me and took my hand within his own, saying,
'My poor unhappy man, whither are you going over this mountain top,
alone and without knowing the way? Your men are shut up in Circe's
pigsties, like so many wild boars in their lairs. You surely do not
fancy that you can set them free? I can tell yM
ou that you will never
get back and will have to stay there with the rest of them. But never
mind, I will protect you and get you out of your difficulty. Take
this herb, which is one of great virtue, and keep it about you when
you go to Circe's house, it will be a talisman to you against every
"'And I will tell you of all the wicked witchcraft that Circe will
try to practise upon you. She will mix a mess for you to drink, and
she will drug the meal with which she makes it, but she will M
able to charm you, for the virtue of the herb that I shall give you
will prevent her spells from working. I will tell you all about it.
When Circe strikes you with her wand, draw your sword and spring upon
her as though you were goings to kill her. She will then be frightened
and will desire you to go to bed with her; on this you must not point
blank refuse her, for you want her to set your companions free, and
to take good care also of yourself, but you make her swear solemnly
by all the blessed thaM
t she will plot no further mischief against
you, or else when she has got you naked she will unman you and make
you fit for nothing.'
"As he spoke he pulled the herb out of the ground an showed me what
it was like. The root was black, while the flower was as white as
milk; the gods call it Moly, and mortal men cannot uproot it, but
the gods can do whatever they like.
"Then Mercury went back to high Olympus passing over the wooded island;
but I fared onward to the house of Circe, and my heart was cloudM
with care as I walked along. When I got to the gates I stood there
and called the goddess, and as soon as she heard me she came down,
opened the door, and asked me to come in; so I followed her- much
troubled in my mind. She set me on a richly decorated seat inlaid
with silver, there was a footstool also under my feet, and she mixed
a mess in a golden goblet for me to drink; but she drugged it, for
she meant me mischief. When she had given it me, and I had drunk it
without its charming me, she struck sheM
, struck me with her wand.
'There now,' she cried, 'be off to the pigsty, and make your lair
with the rest of them.'
"But I rushed at her with my sword drawn as though I would kill her,
whereon she fell with a loud scream, clasped my knees, and spoke piteously,
saying, 'Who and whence are you? from what place and people have you
come? How can it be that my drugs have no power to charm you? Never
yet was any man able to stand so much as a taste of the herb I gave
you; you must be spell-proof; surely you cM
an be none other than the
bold hero Ulysses, who Mercury always said would come here some day
with his ship while on his way home form Troy; so be it then; sheathe
your sword and let us go to bed, that we may make friends and learn
to trust each other.'
"And I answered, 'Circe, how can you expect me to be friendly with
you when you have just been turning all my men into pigs? And now
that you have got me here myself, you mean me mischief when you ask
me to go to bed with you, and will unman me and make mM
I shall certainly not consent to go to bed with you unless you will
first take your solemn oath to plot no further harm against me.'
"So she swore at once as I had told her, and when she had completed
her oath then I went to bed with her.
"Meanwhile her four servants, who are her housemaids, set about their
work. They are the children of the groves and fountains, and of the
holy waters that run down into the sea. One of them spread a fair
purple cloth over a seat, and laid a carpet uM
nderneath it. Another
brought tables of silver up to the seats, and set them with baskets
of gold. A third mixed some sweet wine with water in a silver bowl
and put golden cups upon the tables, while the fourth she brought
in water and set it to boil in a large cauldron over a good fire which
she had lighted. When the water in the cauldron was boiling, she poured
cold into it till it was just as I liked it, and then she set me in
a bath and began washing me from the cauldron about the head and shoulders,
take the tire and stiffness out of my limbs. As soon as she had
done washing me and anointing me with oil, she arrayed me in a good
cloak and shirt and led me to a richly decorated seat inlaid with
silver; there was a footstool also under my feet. A maid servant then
brought me water in a beautiful golden ewer and poured it into a silver
basin for me to wash my hands, and she drew a clean table beside me;
an upper servant brought me bread and offered me many things of what
there was in the house, and then CM
irce bade me eat, but I would not,
and sat without heeding what was before me, still moody and suspicious.
"When Circe saw me sitting there without eating, and in great grief,
she came to me and said, 'Ulysses, why do you sit like that as though
you were dumb, gnawing at your own heart, and refusing both meat and
drink? Is it that you are still suspicious? You ought not to be, for
I have already sworn solemnly that I will not hurt you.'
"And I said, 'Circe, no man with any sense of what is right can thinM
of either eating or drinking in your house until you have set his
friends free and let him see them. If you want me to eat and drink,
you must free my men and bring them to me that I may see them with
"When I had said this she went straight through the court with her
wand in her hand and opened the pigsty doors. My men came out like
so many prime hogs and stood looking at her, but she went about among
them and anointed each with a second drug, whereon the bristles that
iven them fell off, and they became men again, younger
than they were before, and much taller and better looking. They knew
me at once, seized me each of them by the hand, and wept for joy till
the whole house was filled with the sound of their hullabalooing,
and Circe herself was so sorry for them that she came up to me and
said, 'Ulysses, noble son of Laertes, go back at once to the sea where
you have left your ship, and first draw it on to the land. Then, hide
all your ship's gear and property in some cavM
e, and come back here
"I agreed to this, so I went back to the sea shore, and found the
men at the ship weeping and wailing most piteously. When they saw
me the silly blubbering fellows began frisking round me as calves
break out and gambol round their mothers, when they see them coming
home to be milked after they have been feeding all day, and the homestead
resounds with their lowing. They seemed as glad to see me as though
they had got back to their own rugged Ithaca, where they had beM
born and bred. 'Sir,' said the affectionate creatures, 'we are as
glad to see you back as though we had got safe home to Ithaca; but
tell us all about the fate of our comrades.'
"I spoke comfortingly to them and said, 'We must draw our ship on
to the land, and hide the ship's gear with all our property in some
cave; then come with me all of you as fast as you can to Circe's house,
where you will find your comrades eating and drinking in the midst
of great abundance.'
"On this the men would have coM
me with me at once, but Eurylochus tried
to hold them back and said, 'Alas, poor wretches that we are, what
will become of us? Rush not on your ruin by going to the house of
Circe, who will turn us all into pigs or wolves or lions, and we shall
have to keep guard over her house. Remember how the Cyclops treated
us when our comrades went inside his cave, and Ulysses with them.
It was all through his sheer folly that those men lost their lives.'
"When I heard him I was in two minds whether or no to draw the M
blade that hung by my sturdy thigh and cut his head off in spite of
his being a near relation of my own; but the men interceded for him
and said, 'Sir, if it may so be, let this fellow stay here and mind
the ship, but take the rest of us with you to Circe's house.'
"On this we all went inland, and Eurylochus was not left behind after
all, but came on too, for he was frightened by the severe reprimand
that I had given him.
"Meanwhile Circe had been seeing that the men who had been left behind
washed and anointed with olive oil; she had also given them woollen
cloaks and shirts, and when we came we found them all comfortably
at dinner in her house. As soon as the men saw each other face to
face and knew one another, they wept for joy and cried aloud till
the whole palace rang again. Thereon Circe came up to me and said,
'Ulysses, noble son of Laertes, tell your men to leave off crying;
I know how much you have all of you suffered at sea, and how ill you
have fared among cruel savages on the mainlM
and, but that is over now,
so stay here, and eat and drink till you are once more as strong and
hearty as you were when you left Ithaca; for at present you are weakened
both in body and mind; you keep all the time thinking of the hardships-
you have suffered during your travels, so that you have no more cheerfulness
"Thus did she speak and we assented. We stayed with Circe for a whole
twelvemonth feasting upon an untold quantity both of meat and wine.
But when the year had passed in the wanM
ing of moons and the long days
had come round, my men called me apart and said, 'Sir, it is time
you began to think about going home, if so be you are to be spared
to see your house and native country at all.'
"Thus did they speak and I assented. Thereon through the livelong
day to the going down of the sun we feasted our fill on meat and wine,
but when the sun went down and it came on dark the men laid themselves
down to sleep in the covered cloisters. I, however, after I had got
into bed with Circe, beM
sought her by her knees, and the goddess listened
to what I had got to say. 'Circe,' said I, 'please to keep the promise
you made me about furthering me on my homeward voyage. I want to get
back and so do my men, they are always pestering me with their complaints
as soon as ever your back is turned.'
"And the goddess answered, 'Ulysses, noble son of Laertes, you shall
none of you stay here any longer if you do not want to, but there
is another journey which you have got to take before you can sail
rds. You must go to the house of Hades and of dread Proserpine
to consult the ghost of the blind Theban prophet Teiresias whose reason
is still unshaken. To him alone has Proserpine left his understanding
even in death, but the other ghosts flit about aimlessly.'
"I was dismayed when I heard this. I sat up in bed and wept, and would
gladly have lived no longer to see the light of the sun, but presently
when I was tired of weeping and tossing myself about, I said, 'And
who shall guide me upon this voyage- fM
or the house of Hades is a port
that no ship can reach.'
"'You will want no guide,' she answered; 'raise you mast, set your
white sails, sit quite still, and the North Wind will blow you there
of itself. When your ship has traversed the waters of Oceanus, you
will reach the fertile shore of Proserpine's country with its groves
of tall poplars and willows that shed their fruit untimely; here beach
your ship upon the shore of Oceanus, and go straight on to the dark
abode of Hades. You will find it near theM
place where the rivers Pyriphlegethon
and Cocytus (which is a branch of the river Styx) flow into Acheron,
and you will see a rock near it, just where the two roaring rivers
run into one another.
"'When you have reached this spot, as I now tell you, dig a trench
a cubit or so in length, breadth, and depth, and pour into it as a
drink-offering to all the dead, first, honey mixed with milk, then
wine, and in the third place water-sprinkling white barley meal over
the whole. Moreover you must offer many prM
ayers to the poor feeble
ghosts, and promise them that when you get back to Ithaca you will
sacrifice a barren heifer to them, the best you have, and will load
the pyre with good things. More particularly you must promise that
Teiresias shall have a black sheep all to himself, the finest in all
"'When you shall have thus besought the ghosts with your prayers,
offer them a ram and a black ewe, bending their heads towards Erebus;
but yourself turn away from them as though you would make towardM
the river. On this, many dead men's ghosts will come to you, and you
must tell your men to skin the two sheep that you have just killed,
and offer them as a burnt sacrifice with prayers to Hades and to Proserpine.
Then draw your sword and sit there, so as to prevent any other poor
ghost from coming near the split blood before Teiresias shall have
answered your questions. The seer will presently come to you, and
will tell you about your voyage- what stages you are to make, and
how you are to sail the see sM
o as to reach your home.'
"It was day-break by the time she had done speaking, so she dressed
me in my shirt and cloak. As for herself she threw a beautiful light
gossamer fabric over her shoulders, fastening it with a golden girdle
round her waist, and she covered her head with a mantle. Then I went
about among the men everywhere all over the house, and spoke kindly
to each of them man by man: 'You must not lie sleeping here any longer,'
said I to them, 'we must be going, for Circe has told me all about
it.' And this they did as I bade them.
"Even so, however, I did not get them away without misadventure. We
had with us a certain youth named Elpenor, not very remarkable for
sense or courage, who had got drunk and was lying on the house-top
away from the rest of the men, to sleep off his liquor in the cool.
When he heard the noise of the men bustling about, he jumped up on
a sudden and forgot all about coming down by the main staircase, so
he tumbled right off the roof and broke his neck, and his soul weM
down to the house of Hades.
"When I had got the men together I said to them, 'You think you are
about to start home again, but Circe has explained to me that instead
of this, we have got to go to the house of Hades and Proserpine to
consult the ghost of the Theban prophet Teiresias.'
"The men were broken-hearted as they heard me, and threw themselves
on the ground groaning and tearing their hair, but they did not mend
matters by crying. When we reached the sea shore, weeping and lamenting
, Circe brought the ram and the ewe, and we made them fast
hard by the ship. She passed through the midst of us without our knowing
it, for who can see the comings and goings of a god, if the god does
not wish to be seen?
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Then, when we had got down to the sea shore we drew our ship into
the water and got her mast and sails into her; we also put the sheep
on board and took our places, weeping and in great distress of mind.
Circe, that great and cunning goddess, sent us a fair wind that blew
dead aft and stayed steadily with us keeping our sails all the time
well filled; so we did whatever wanted doing to the ship's gear and
let her go as the wind and helmsman headed her. All day long her sails
were full as she held her course over the sea, but when the sun went
down and darkness was over all the earth, we got into the deep waters
of the river Oceanus, where lie the land and city of the Cimmerians
who live enshrouded in mist aM
nd darkness which the rays of the sun
never pierce neither at his rising nor as he goes down again out of
the heavens, but the poor wretches live in one long melancholy night.
When we got there we beached the ship, took the sheep out of her,
and went along by the waters of Oceanus till we came to the place
of which Circe had told us.
"Here Perimedes and Eurylochus held the victims, while I drew my sword
and dug the trench a cubit each way. I made a drink-offering to all
the dead, first with honey and milM
k, then with wine, and thirdly with
water, and I sprinkled white barley meal over the whole, praying earnestly
to the poor feckless ghosts, and promising them that when I got back
to Ithaca I would sacrifice a barren heifer for them, the best I had,
and would load the pyre with good things. I also particularly promised
that Teiresias should have a black sheep to himself, the best in all
my flocks. When I had prayed sufficiently to the dead, I cut the throats
of the two sheep and let the blood run into the trM
ghosts came trooping up from Erebus- brides, young bachelors, old
men worn out with toil, maids who had been crossed in love, and brave
men who had been killed in battle, with their armour still smirched
with blood; they came from every quarter and flitted round the trench
with a strange kind of screaming sound that made me turn pale with
fear. When I saw them coming I told the men to be quick and flay the
carcasses of the two dead sheep and make burnt offerings of them,
me to repeat prayers to Hades and to Proserpine;
but I sat where I was with my sword drawn and would not let the poor
feckless ghosts come near the blood till Teiresias should have answered
"The first ghost 'that came was that of my comrade Elpenor, for he
had not yet been laid beneath the earth. We had left his body unwaked
and unburied in Circe's house, for we had had too much else to do.
I was very sorry for him, and cried when I saw him: 'Elpenor,' said
I, 'how did you come down here inM
to this gloom and darkness? You have
here on foot quicker than I have with my ship.'
"'Sir,' he answered with a groan, 'it was all bad luck, and my own
unspeakable drunkenness. I was lying asleep on the top of Circe's
house, and never thought of coming down again by the great staircase
but fell right off the roof and broke my neck, so my soul down to
the house of Hades. And now I beseech you by all those whom you have
left behind you, though they are not here, by your wife, by the father
up when you were a child, and by Telemachus who is
the one hope of your house, do what I shall now ask you. I know that
when you leave this limbo you will again hold your ship for the Aeaean
island. Do not go thence leaving me unwaked and unburied behind you,
or I may bring heaven's anger upon you; but burn me with whatever
armour I have, build a barrow for me on the sea shore, that may tell
people in days to come what a poor unlucky fellow I was, and plant
over my grave the oar I used to row with when I wasM
with my messmates.' And I said, 'My poor fellow, I will do all that
you have asked of me.'
"Thus, then, did we sit and hold sad talk with one another, I on the
one side of the trench with my sword held over the blood, and the
ghost of my comrade saying all this to me from the other side. Then
came the ghost of my dead mother Anticlea, daughter to Autolycus.
I had left her alive when I set out for Troy and was moved to tears
when I saw her, but even so, for all my sorrow I would not let herM
come near the blood till I had asked my questions of Teiresias.
"Then came also the ghost of Theban Teiresias, with his golden sceptre
in his hand. He knew me and said, 'Ulysses, noble son of Laertes,
why, poor man, have you left the light of day and come down to visit
the dead in this sad place? Stand back from the trench and withdraw
your sword that I may drink of the blood and answer your questions
"So I drew back, and sheathed my sword, whereon when he had drank
of the blood he began withM
"You want to know,' said he, 'about your return home, but heaven will
make this hard for you. I do not think that you will escape the eye
of Neptune, who still nurses his bitter grudge against you for having
blinded his son. Still, after much suffering you may get home if you
can restrain yourself and your companions when your ship reaches the
Thrinacian island, where you will find the sheep and cattle belonging
to the sun, who sees and gives ear to everything. If you leave these
harmed and think of nothing but of getting home, you may
yet after much hardship reach Ithaca; but if you harm them, then I
forewarn you of the destruction both of your ship and of your men.
Even though you may yourself escape, you will return in bad plight
after losing all your men, [in another man's ship, and you will find
trouble in your house, which will be overrun by high-handed people,
who are devouring your substance under the pretext of paying court
and making presents to your wife.
t home you will take your revenge on these suitors; and
after you have killed them by force or fraud in your own house, you
must take a well-made oar and carry it on and on, till you come to
a country where the people have never heard of the sea and do not
even mix salt with their food, nor do they know anything about ships,
and oars that are as the wings of a ship. I will give you this certain
token which cannot escape your notice. A wayfarer will meet you and
will say it must be a winnowing shovel that youM
shoulder; on this you must fix the oar in the ground and sacrifice
a ram, a bull, and a boar to Neptune. Then go home and offer hecatombs
to an the gods in heaven one after the other. As for yourself, death
shall come to you from the sea, and your life shall ebb away very
gently when you are full of years and peace of mind, and your people
shall bless you. All that I have said will come true].'
"'This,' I answered, 'must be as it may please heaven, but tell me
and tell me and tell me M
true, I see my poor mother's ghost close by
us; she is sitting by the blood without saying a word, and though
I am her own son she does not remember me and speak to me; tell me,
Sir, how I can make her know me.'
"'That,' said he, 'I can soon do Any ghost that you let taste of the
blood will talk with you like a reasonable being, but if you do not
let them have any blood they will go away again.'
"On this the ghost of Teiresias went back to the house of Hades, for
his prophecyings had now been spoken, M
but I sat still where I was
until my mother came up and tasted the blood. Then she knew me at
once and spoke fondly to me, saying, 'My son, how did you come down
to this abode of darkness while you are still alive? It is a hard
thing for the living to see these places, for between us and them
there are great and terrible waters, and there is Oceanus, which no
man can cross on foot, but he must have a good ship to take him. Are
you all this time trying to find your way home from Troy, and have
got back to Ithaca nor seen your wife in your own house?'
"'Mother,' said I, 'I was forced to come here to consult the ghost
of the Theban prophet Teiresias. I have never yet been near the Achaean
land nor set foot on my native country, and I have had nothing but
one long series of misfortunes from the very first day that I set
out with Agamemnon for Ilius, the land of noble steeds, to fight the
Trojans. But tell me, and tell me true, in what way did you die? Did
you have a long illness, or did heaven voucM
hsafe you a gentle easy
passage to eternity? Tell me also about my father, and the son whom
I left behind me; is my property still in their hands, or has some
one else got hold of it, who thinks that I shall not return to claim
it? Tell me again what my wife intends doing, and in what mind she
is; does she live with my son and guard my estate securely, or has
she made the best match she could and married again?'
"My mother answered, 'Your wife still remains in your house, but she
is in great distress of M
mind and spends her whole time in tears both
night and day. No one as yet has got possession of your fine property,
and Telemachus still holds your lands undisturbed. He has to entertain
largely, as of course he must, considering his position as a magistrate,
and how every one invites him; your father remains at his old place
in the country and never goes near the town. He has no comfortable
bed nor bedding; in the winter he sleeps on the floor in front of
the fire with the men and goes about all in rags, buM
the warm weather comes on again, he lies out in the vineyard on a
bed of vine leaves thrown anyhow upon the ground. He grieves continually
about your never having come home, and suffers more and more as he
grows older. As for my own end it was in this wise: heaven did not
take me swiftly and painlessly in my own house, nor was I attacked
by any illness such as those that generally wear people out and kill
them, but my longing to know what you were doing and the force of
my affection for yoM
u- this it was that was the death of me.'
"Then I tried to find some way of embracing my mother's ghost. Thrice
I sprang towards her and tried to clasp her in my arms, but each time
she flitted from my embrace as it were a dream or phantom, and being
touched to the quick I said to her, 'Mother, why do you not stay still
when I would embrace you? If we could throw our arms around one another
we might find sad comfort in the sharing of our sorrows even in the
house of Hades; does Proserpine want to lay a stiM
grief upon me by mocking me with a phantom only?'
"'My son,' she answered, 'most ill-fated of all mankind, it is not
Proserpine that is beguiling you, but all people are like this when
they are dead. The sinews no longer hold the flesh and bones together;
these perish in the fierceness of consuming fire as soon as life has
left the body, and the soul flits away as though it were a dream.
Now, however, go back to the light of day as soon as you can, and
note all these things that you maM
y tell them to your wife hereafter.'
"Thus did we converse, and anon Proserpine sent up the ghosts of the
wives and daughters of all the most famous men. They gathered in crowds
about the blood, and I considered how I might question them severally.
In the end I deemed that it would be best to draw the keen blade that
hung by my sturdy thigh, and keep them from all drinking the blood
at once. So they came up one after the other, and each one as I questioned
her told me her race and lineage.
saw was Tyro. She was daughter of Salmoneus and wife
of Cretheus the son of Aeolus. She fell in love with the river Enipeus
who is much the most beautiful river in the whole world. Once when
she was taking a walk by his side as usual, Neptune, disguised as
her lover, lay with her at the mouth of the river, and a huge blue
wave arched itself like a mountain over them to hide both woman and
god, whereon he loosed her virgin girdle and laid her in a deep slumber.
When the god had accomplished the deed of love,M
he took her hand in
his own and said, 'Tyro, rejoice in all good will; the embraces of
the gods are not fruitless, and you will have fine twins about this
time twelve months. Take great care of them. I am Neptune, so now
go home, but hold your tongue and do not tell any one.'
"Then he dived under the sea, and she in due course bore Pelias and
Neleus, who both of them served Jove with all their might. Pelias
was a great breeder of sheep and lived in Iolcus, but the other lived
in Pylos. The rest of her cM
hildren were by Cretheus, namely, Aeson,
Pheres, and Amythaon, who was a mighty warrior and charioteer.
"Next to her I saw Antiope, daughter to Asopus, who could boast of
having slept in the arms of even Jove himself, and who bore him two
sons Amphion and Zethus. These founded Thebes with its seven gates,
and built a wall all round it; for strong though they were they could
not hold Thebes till they had walled it.
"Then I saw Alcmena, the wife of Amphitryon, who also bore to Jove
indomitable Hercules; M
and Megara who was daughter to great King Creon,
and married the redoubtable son of Amphitryon.
"I also saw fair Epicaste mother of king OEdipodes whose awful lot
it was to marry her own son without suspecting it. He married her
after having killed his father, but the gods proclaimed the whole
story to the world; whereon he remained king of Thebes, in great grief
for the spite the gods had borne him; but Epicaste went to the house
of the mighty jailor Hades, having hanged herself for grief, and the
ing spirits haunted him as for an outraged mother- to his ruing
bitterly thereafter.
"Then I saw Chloris, whom Neleus married for her beauty, having given
priceless presents for her. She was youngest daughter to Amphion son
of Iasus and king of Minyan Orchomenus, and was Queen in Pylos. She
bore Nestor, Chromius, and Periclymenus, and she also bore that marvellously
lovely woman Pero, who was wooed by all the country round; but Neleus
would only give her to him who should raid the cattle of Iphicles
the grazing grounds of Phylace, and this was a hard task. The
only man who would undertake to raid them was a certain excellent
seer, but the will of heaven was against him, for the rangers of the
cattle caught him and put him in prison; nevertheless when a full
year had passed and the same season came round again, Iphicles set
him at liberty, after he had expounded all the oracles of heaven.
Thus, then, was the will of Jove accomplished.
"And I saw Leda the wife of Tyndarus, who bore him two famous sonsM
Castor breaker of horses, and Pollux the mighty boxer. Both these
heroes are lying under the earth, though they are still alive, for
by a special dispensation of Jove, they die and come to life again,
each one of them every other day throughout all time, and they have
"After her I saw Iphimedeia wife of Aloeus who boasted the embrace
of Neptune. She bore two sons Otus and Ephialtes, but both were short
lived. They were the finest children that were ever born in this world,
st looking, Orion only excepted; for at nine years old they
were nine fathoms high, and measured nine cubits round the chest.
They threatened to make war with the gods in Olympus, and tried to
set Mount Ossa on the top of Mount Olympus, and Mount Pelion on the
top of Ossa, that they might scale heaven itself, and they would have
done it too if they had been grown up, but Apollo, son of Leto, killed
both of them, before they had got so much as a sign of hair upon their
"Then I saw Phaedra,M
and Procris, and fair Ariadne daughter of the
magician Minos, whom Theseus was carrying off from Crete to Athens,
but he did not enjoy her, for before he could do so Diana killed her
in the island of Dia on account of what Bacchus had said against her.
"I also saw Maera and Clymene and hateful Eriphyle, who sold her own
husband for gold. But it would take me all night if I were to name
every single one of the wives and daughters of heroes whom I saw,
and it is time for me to go to bed, either on board shiM
or here. As for my escort, heaven and yourselves will see to it."
Here he ended, and the guests sat all of them enthralled and speechless
throughout the covered cloister. Then Arete said to them:
"What do you think of this man, O Phaecians? Is he not tall and good
looking, and is he not Clever? True, he is my own guest, but all of
you share in the distinction. Do not he a hurry to send him away,
nor niggardly in the presents you make to one who is in such great
need, for heaven has blessM
ed all of you with great abundance."
Then spoke the aged hero Echeneus who was one of the oldest men among
them, "My friends," said he, "what our august queen has just said
to us is both reasonable and to the purpose, therefore be persuaded
by it; but the decision whether in word or deed rests ultimately with
"The thing shall be done," exclaimed Alcinous, "as surely as I still
live and reign over the Phaeacians. Our guest is indeed very anxious
to get home, still we must persuade him toM
remain with us until to-morrow,
by which time I shall be able to get together the whole sum that I
mean to give him. As regards- his escort it will be a matter for you
all, and mine above all others as the chief person among you."
And Ulysses answered, "King Alcinous, if you were to bid me to stay
here for a whole twelve months, and then speed me on my way, loaded
with your noble gifts, I should obey you gladly and it would redound
greatly to my advantage, for I should return fuller-handed to my own
le, and should thus be more respected and beloved by all who see
me when I get back to Ithaca."
"Ulysses," replied Alcinous, "not one of us who sees you has any idea
that you are a charlatan or a swindler. I know there are many people
going about who tell such plausible stories that it is very hard to
see through them, but there is a style about your language which assures
me of your good disposition. Moreover you have told the story of your
own misfortunes, and those of the Argives, as though you were a M
bard; but tell me, and tell me true, whether you saw any of the mighty
heroes who went to Troy at the same time with yourself, and perished
there. The evenings are still at their longest, and it is not yet
bed time- go on, therefore, with your divine story, for I could stay
here listening till to-morrow morning, so long as you will continue
to tell us of your adventures."
"Alcinous," answered Ulysses, "there is a time for making speeches,
and a time for going to bed; nevertheless, since you so M
will not refrain from telling you the still sadder tale of those of
my comrades who did not fall fighting with the Trojans, but perished
on their return, through the treachery of a wicked woman.
"When Proserpine had dismissed the female ghosts in all directions,
the ghost of Agamemnon son of Atreus came sadly up tome, surrounded
by those who had perished with him in the house of Aegisthus. As soon
as he had tasted the blood he knew me, and weeping bitterly stretched
out his arms towards me to emM
brace me; but he had no strength nor
substance any more, and I too wept and pitied him as I beheld him.
'How did you come by your death,' said I, 'King Agamemnon? Did Neptune
raise his winds and waves against you when you were at sea, or did
your enemies make an end of you on the mainland when you were cattle-lifting
or sheep-stealing, or while they were fighting in defence of their
"'Ulysses,' he answered, 'noble son of Laertes, was not lost at sea
in any storm of Neptune's raising, norM
did my foes despatch me upon
the mainland, but Aegisthus and my wicked wife were the death of me
between them. He asked me to his house, feasted me, and then butchered
me most miserably as though I were a fat beast in a slaughter house,
while all around me my comrades were slain like sheep or pigs for
the wedding breakfast, or picnic, or gorgeous banquet of some great
nobleman. You must have seen numbers of men killed either in a general
engagement, or in single combat, but you never saw anything so truly
pitiable as the way in which we fell in that cloister, with the mixing-bowl
and the loaded tables lying all about, and the ground reeking with
our-blood. I heard Priam's daughter Cassandra scream as Clytemnestra
killed her close beside me. I lay dying upon the earth with the sword
in my body, and raised my hands to kill the slut of a murderess, but
she slipped away from me; she would not even close my lips nor my
eyes when I was dying, for there is nothing in this world so cruel
and so shameless as a woman wM
hen she has fallen into such guilt as
hers was. Fancy murdering her own husband! I thought I was going to
be welcomed home by my children and my servants, but her abominable
crime has brought disgrace on herself and all women who shall come
after- even on the good ones.'
"And I said, 'In truth Jove has hated the house of Atreus from first
to last in the matter of their women's counsels. See how many of us
fell for Helen's sake, and now it seems that Clytemnestra hatched
mischief against too during your aM
"'Be sure, therefore,' continued Agamemnon, 'and not be too friendly
even with your own wife. Do not tell her all that you know perfectly
well yourself. Tell her a part only, and keep your own counsel about
the rest. Not that your wife, Ulysses, is likely to murder you, for
Penelope is a very admirable woman, and has an excellent nature. We
left her a young bride with an infant at her breast when we set out
for Troy. This child no doubt is now grown up happily to man's estate,
her will have a joyful meeting and embrace one another
as it is right they should do, whereas my wicked wife did not even
allow me the happiness of looking upon my son, but killed me ere I
could do so. Furthermore I say- and lay my saying to your heart- do
not tell people when you are bringing your ship to Ithaca, but steal
a march upon them, for after all this there is no trusting women.
But now tell me, and tell me true, can you give me any news of my
son Orestes? Is he in Orchomenus, or at Pylos, or is heM
with Menelaus- for I presume that he is still living.'
"And I said, 'Agamemnon, why do you ask me? I do not know whether
your son is alive or dead, and it is not right to talk when one does
"As we two sat weeping and talking thus sadly with one another the
ghost of Achilles came up to us with Patroclus, Antilochus, and Ajax
who was the finest and goodliest man of all the Danaans after the
son of Peleus. The fleet descendant of Aeacus knew me and spoke piteously,
, noble son of Laertes, what deed of daring will you
undertake next, that you venture down to the house of Hades among
us silly dead, who are but the ghosts of them that can labour no more?'
"And I said, 'Achilles, son of Peleus, foremost champion of the Achaeans,
I came to consult Teiresias, and see if he could advise me about my
return home to Ithaca, for I have never yet been able to get near
the Achaean land, nor to set foot in my own country, but have been
in trouble all the time. As for you, AchillesM
, no one was ever yet
so fortunate as you have been, nor ever will be, for you were adored
by all us Argives as long as you were alive, and now that you are
here you are a great prince among the dead. Do not, therefore, take
it so much to heart even if you are dead.'
"'Say not a word,' he answered, 'in death's favour; I would rather
be a paid servant in a poor man's house and be above ground than king
of kings among the dead. But give me news about son; is he gone to
the wars and will he be a great soldiM
er, or is this not so? Tell me
also if you have heard anything about my father Peleus- does he still
rule among the Myrmidons, or do they show him no respect throughout
Hellas and Phthia now that he is old and his limbs fail him? Could
I but stand by his side, in the light of day, with the same strength
that I had when I killed the bravest of our foes upon the plain of
Troy- could I but be as I then was and go even for a short time to
my father's house, any one who tried to do him violence or supersede
"'I have heard nothing,' I answered, 'of Peleus, but I can tell you
all about your son Neoptolemus, for I took him in my own ship from
Scyros with the Achaeans. In our councils of war before Troy he was
always first to speak, and his judgement was unerring. Nestor and
I were the only two who could surpass him; and when it came to fighting
on the plain of Troy, he would never remain with the body of his men,
but would dash on far in front, foremost of them all in valour. Many
he kill in battle- I cannot name every single one of those
whom he slew while fighting on the side of the Argives, but will only
say how he killed that valiant hero Eurypylus son of Telephus, who
was the handsomest man I ever saw except Memnon; many others also
of the Ceteians fell around him by reason of a woman's bribes. Moreover,
when all the bravest of the Argives went inside the horse that Epeus
had made, and it was left to me to settle when we should either open
the door of our ambuscade, or close it, M
though all the other leaders
and chief men among the Danaans were drying their eyes and quaking
in every limb, I never once saw him turn pale nor wipe a tear from
his cheek; he was all the time urging me to break out from the horse-
grasping the handle of his sword and his bronze-shod spear, and breathing
fury against the foe. Yet when we had sacked the city of Priam he
got his handsome share of the prize money and went on board (such
is the fortune of war) without a wound upon him, neither from a thrown
ear nor in close combat, for the rage of Mars is a matter of great
"When I had told him this, the ghost of Achilles strode off across
a meadow full of asphodel, exulting over what I had said concerning
the prowess of his son.
"The ghosts of other dead men stood near me and told me each his own
melancholy tale; but that of Ajax son of Telamon alone held aloof-
still angry with me for having won the cause in our dispute about
the armour of Achilles. Thetis had offered it as a prize, but the
ojan prisoners and Minerva were the judges. Would that I had never
gained the day in such a contest, for it cost the life of Ajax, who
was foremost of all the Danaans after the son of Peleus, alike in
stature and prowess.
"When I saw him I tried to pacify him and said, 'Ajax, will you not
forget and forgive even in death, but must the judgement about that
hateful armour still rankle with you? It cost us Argives dear enough
to lose such a tower of strength as you were to us. We mourned you
ourned Achilles son of Peleus himself, nor can the
blame be laid on anything but on the spite which Jove bore against
the Danaans, for it was this that made him counsel your destruction-
come hither, therefore, bring your proud spirit into subjection, and
hear what I can tell you.'
"He would not answer, but turned away to Erebus and to the other ghosts;
nevertheless, I should have made him talk to me in spite of his being
so angry, or I should have gone talking to him, only that there were
mong the dead whom I desired to see.
"Then I saw Minos son of Jove with his golden sceptre in his hand
sitting in judgement on the dead, and the ghosts were gathered sitting
and standing round him in the spacious house of Hades, to learn his
sentences upon them.
"After him I saw huge Orion in a meadow full of asphodel driving the
ghosts of the wild beasts that he had killed upon the mountains, and
he had a great bronze club in his hand, unbreakable for ever and ever.
"And I saw Tityus son of Gaia stM
retched upon the plain and covering
some nine acres of ground. Two vultures on either side of him were
digging their beaks into his liver, and he kept on trying to beat
them off with his hands, but could not; for he had violated Jove's
mistress Leto as she was going through Panopeus on her way to Pytho.
"I saw also the dreadful fate of Tantalus, who stood in a lake that
reached his chin; he was dying to quench his thirst, but could never
reach the water, for whenever the poor creature stooped to drink,
dried up and vanished, so that there was nothing but dry ground-
parched by the spite of heaven. There were tall trees, moreover, that
shed their fruit over his head- pears, pomegranates, apples, sweet
figs and juicy olives, but whenever the poor creature stretched out
his hand to take some, the wind tossed the branches back again to
"And I saw Sisyphus at his endless task raising his prodigious stone
with both his hands. With hands and feet he' tried to roll it up to
the top of the hill, buM
t always, just before he could roll it over
on to the other side, its weight would be too much for him, and the
pitiless stone would come thundering down again on to the plain. Then
he would begin trying to push it up hill again, and the sweat ran
off him and the steam rose after him.
"After him I saw mighty Hercules, but it was his phantom only, for
he is feasting ever with the immortal gods, and has lovely Hebe to
wife, who is daughter of Jove and Juno. The ghosts were screaming
round him like scared bM
irds flying all whithers. He looked black as
night with his bare bow in his hands and his arrow on the string,
glaring around as though ever on the point of taking aim. About his
breast there was a wondrous golden belt adorned in the most marvellous
fashion with bears, wild boars, and lions with gleaming eyes; there
was also war, battle, and death. The man who made that belt, do what
he might, would never be able to make another like it. Hercules knew
me at once when he saw me, and spoke piteously, saying, mM
noble son of Laertes, are you too leading the same sorry kind of life
that I did when I was above ground? I was son of Jove, but I went
through an infinity of suffering, for I became bondsman to one who
was far beneath me- a low fellow who set me all manner of labours.
He once sent me here to fetch the hell-hound- for he did not think
he could find anything harder for me than this, but I got the hound
out of Hades and brought him to him, for Mercury and Minerva helped
les went down again into the house of Hades, but I stayed
where I was in case some other of the mighty dead should come to me.
And I should have seen still other of them that are gone before, whom
I would fain have seen- Theseus and Pirithous glorious children of
the gods, but so many thousands of ghosts came round me and uttered
such appalling cries, that I was panic stricken lest Proserpine should
send up from the house of Hades the head of that awful monster Gorgon.
On this I hastened back to my ship and M
ordered my men to go on board
at once and loose the hawsers; so they embarked and took their places,
whereon the ship went down the stream of the river Oceanus. We had
to row at first, but presently a fair wind sprang up.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
"After we were clear of the river Oceanus, and had got out into the
open sea, we went on till we reached the Aeaean island where there
is dawn and sunrise as in other places. We then drew our ship on to
the sands and got out of her on to the shore, where we went to sleep
and waited till day should break.
"Then, when the child of morning, rosy-fingered Dawn, appeared, I
sent some men to Circe's house to fetch the body of Elpenor. We cut
firewood from a wood where the headland jutted out into the sea, and
after we had wept over him and lamented him we performed his funeral
rites. When his body and armour had been burned to ashes, we raised
a cairn, set a stone over it, and at the top of the cairn we fixedM
the oar that he had been used to row with.
"While we were doing all this, Circe, who knew that we had got back
from the house of Hades, dressed herself and came to us as fast as
she could; and her maid servants came with her bringing us bread,
meat, and wine. Then she stood in the midst of us and said, 'You have
done a bold thing in going down alive to the house of Hades, and you
will have died twice, to other people's once; now, then, stay here
for the rest of the day, feast your fill, and go on with yM
at daybreak tomorrow morning. In the meantime I will tell Ulysses
about your course, and will explain everything to him so as to prevent
your suffering from misadventure either by land or sea.'
"We agreed to do as she had said, and feasted through the livelong
day to the going down of the sun, but when the sun had set and it
came on dark, the men laid themselves down to sleep by the stern cables
of the ship. Then Circe took me by the hand and bade me be seated
away from the others, while she reM
clined by my side and asked me all
about our adventures.
"'So far so good,' said she, when I had ended my story, 'and now pay
attention to what I am about to tell you- heaven itself, indeed, will
recall it to your recollection. First you will come to the Sirens
who enchant all who come near them. If any one unwarily draws in too
close and hears the singing of the Sirens, his wife and children will
never welcome him home again, for they sit in a green field and warble
him to death with the sweetness of thM
eir song. There is a great heap
of dead men's bones lying all around, with the flesh still rotting
off them. Therefore pass these Sirens by, and stop your men's ears
with wax that none of them may hear; but if you like you can listen
yourself, for you may get the men to bind you as you stand upright
on a cross-piece half way up the mast, and they must lash the rope's
ends to the mast itself, that you may have the pleasure of listening.
If you beg and pray the men to unloose you, then they must bind you
"'When your crew have taken you past these Sirens, I cannot give you
coherent directions as to which of two courses you are to take; I
will lay the two alternatives before you, and you must consider them
for yourself. On the one hand there are some overhanging rocks against
which the deep blue waves of Amphitrite beat with terrific fury; the
blessed gods call these rocks the Wanderers. Here not even a bird
may pass, no, not even the timid doves that bring ambrosia to Father
Jove, but the sheer rock aM
lways carries off one of them, and Father
Jove has to send another to make up their number; no ship that ever
yet came to these rocks has got away again, but the waves and whirlwinds
of fire are freighted with wreckage and with the bodies of dead men.
The only vessel that ever sailed and got through, was the famous Argo
on her way from the house of Aetes, and she too would have gone against
these great rocks, only that Juno piloted her past them for the love
"'Of these two rocks the onM
e reaches heaven and its peak is lost in
a dark cloud. This never leaves it, so that the top is never clear
not even in summer and early autumn. No man though he had twenty hands
and twenty feet could get a foothold on it and climb it, for it runs
sheer up, as smooth as though it had been polished. In the middle
of it there is a large cavern, looking West and turned towards Erebus;
you must take your ship this way, but the cave is so high up that
not even the stoutest archer could send an arrow into it. InsiM
Scylla sits and yelps with a voice that you might take to be that
of a young hound, but in truth she is a dreadful monster and no one-
not even a god- could face her without being terror-struck. She has
twelve mis-shapen feet, and six necks of the most prodigious length;
and at the end of each neck she has a frightful head with three rows
of teeth in each, all set very close together, so that they would
crunch any one to death in a moment, and she sits deep within her
shady cell thrusting out her headM
s and peering all round the rock,
fishing for dolphins or dogfish or any larger monster that she can
catch, of the thousands with which Amphitrite teems. No ship ever
yet got past her without losing some men, for she shoots out all her
heads at once, and carries off a man in each mouth.
"'You will find the other rocks lie lower, but they are so close together
that there is not more than a bowshot between them. [A large fig tree
in full leaf grows upon it], and under it lies the sucking whirlpool
bdis. Three times in the day does she vomit forth her waters,
and three times she sucks them down again; see that you be not there
when she is sucking, for if you are, Neptune himself could not save
you; you must hug the Scylla side and drive ship by as fast as you
can, for you had better lose six men than your whole crew.'
"'Is there no way,' said I, 'of escaping Charybdis, and at the same
time keeping Scylla off when she is trying to harm my men?'
"'You dare-devil,' replied the goddess, you are always M
fight somebody or something; you will not let yourself be beaten even
by the immortals. For Scylla is not mortal; moreover she is savage,
extreme, rude, cruel and invincible. There is no help for it; your
best chance will be to get by her as fast as ever you can, for if
you dawdle about her rock while you are putting on your armour, she
may catch you with a second cast of her six heads, and snap up another
half dozen of your men; so drive your ship past her at full speed,
and roar out lustily to M
Crataiis who is Scylla's dam, bad luck to
her; she will then stop her from making a second raid upon you.
"'You will now come to the Thrinacian island, and here you will see
many herds of cattle and flocks of sheep belonging to the sun-god-
seven herds of cattle and seven flocks of sheep, with fifty head in
each flock. They do not breed, nor do they become fewer in number,
and they are tended by the goddesses Phaethusa and Lampetie, who are
children of the sun-god Hyperion by Neaera. Their mother when she
had borne them and had done suckling them sent them to the Thrinacian
island, which was a long way off, to live there and look after their
father's flocks and herds. If you leave these flocks unharmed, and
think of nothing but getting home, you may yet after much hardship
reach Ithaca; but if you harm them, then I forewarn you of the destruction
both of your ship and of your comrades; and even though you may yourself
escape, you will return late, in bad plight, after losing all your
d, and dawn enthroned in gold began to show in heaven,
whereon she returned inland. I then went on board and told my men
to loose the ship from her moorings; so they at once got into her,
took their places, and began to smite the grey sea with their oars.
Presently the great and cunning goddess Circe befriended us with a
fair wind that blew dead aft, and stayed steadily with us, keeping
our sails well filled, so we did whatever wanted doing to the ship's
gear, and let her go as wind and helmsman headed her. M
"Then, being much troubled in mind, I said to my men, 'My friends,
it is not right that one or two of us alone should know the prophecies
that Circe has made me, I will therefore tell you about them, so that
whether we live or die we may do so with our eyes open. First she
said we were to keep clear of the Sirens, who sit and sing most beautifully
in a field of flowers; but she said I might hear them myself so long
as no one else did. Therefore, take me and bind me to the crosspiece
half way up the mast;M
bind me as I stand upright, with a bond so fast
that I cannot possibly break away, and lash the rope's ends to the
mast itself. If I beg and pray you to set me free, then bind me more
"I had hardly finished telling everything to the men before we reached
the island of the two Sirens, for the wind had been very favourable.
Then all of a sudden it fell dead calm; there was not a breath of
wind nor a ripple upon the water, so the men furled the sails and
stowed them; then taking to their oaM
rs they whitened the water with
the foam they raised in rowing. Meanwhile I look a large wheel of
wax and cut it up small with my sword. Then I kneaded the wax in my
strong hands till it became soft, which it soon did between the kneading
and the rays of the sun-god son of Hyperion. Then I stopped the ears
of all my men, and they bound me hands and feet to the mast as I stood
upright on the crosspiece; but they went on rowing themselves. When
we had got within earshot of the land, and the ship was going at aM
good rate, the Sirens saw that we were getting in shore and began
with their singing.
"'Come here,' they sang, 'renowned Ulysses, honour to the Achaean
name, and listen to our two voices. No one ever sailed past us without
staying to hear the enchanting sweetness of our song- and he who listens
will go on his way not only charmed, but wiser, for we know all the
ills that the gods laid upon the Argives and Trojans before Troy,
and can tell you everything that is going to happen over the whole
"They sang these words most musically, and as I longed to hear them
further I made by frowning to my men that they should set me free;
but they quickened their stroke, and Eurylochus and Perimedes bound
me with still stronger bonds till we had got out of hearing of the
Sirens' voices. Then my men took the wax from their ears and unbound
"Immediately after we had got past the island I saw a great wave from
which spray was rising, and I heard a loud roaring sound. The men
were so frightened that theyM
loosed hold of their oars, for the whole
sea resounded with the rushing of the waters, but the ship stayed
where it was, for the men had left off rowing. I went round, therefore,
and exhorted them man by man not to lose heart.
"'My friends,' said I, 'this is not the first time that we have been
in danger, and we are in nothing like so bad a case as when the Cyclops
shut us up in his cave; nevertheless, my courage and wise counsel
saved us then, and we shall live to look back on all this as well.
erefore, let us all do as I say, trust in Jove and row on with
might and main. As for you, coxswain, these are your orders; attend
to them, for the ship is in your hands; turn her head away from these
steaming rapids and hug the rock, or she will give you the slip and
be over yonder before you know where you are, and you will be the
"So they did as I told them; but I said nothing about the awful monster
Scylla, for I knew the men would not on rowing if I did, but would
huddle together in thM
e hold. In one thing only did I disobey Circe's
strict instructions- I put on my armour. Then seizing two strong spears
I took my stand on the ship Is bows, for it was there that I expected
first to see the monster of the rock, who was to do my men so much
harm; but I could not make her out anywhere, though I strained my
eyes with looking the gloomy rock all over and over
"Then we entered the Straits in great fear of mind, for on the one
hand was Scylla, and on the other dread Charybdis kept sucking up
he salt water. As she vomited it up, it was like the water in a cauldron
when it is boiling over upon a great fire, and the spray reached the
top of the rocks on either side. When she began to suck again, we
could see the water all inside whirling round and round, and it made
a deafening sound as it broke against the rocks. We could see the
bottom of the whirlpool all black with sand and mud, and the men were
at their wit's ends for fear. While we were taken up with this, and
were expecting each moment to beM
our last, Scylla pounced down suddenly
upon us and snatched up my six best men. I was looking at once after
both ship and men, and in a moment I saw their hands and feet ever
so high above me, struggling in the air as Scylla was carrying them
off, and I heard them call out my name in one last despairing cry.
As a fisherman, seated, spear in hand, upon some jutting rock throws
bait into the water to deceive the poor little fishes, and spears
them with the ox's horn with which his spear is shod, throwing themM
gasping on to the land as he catches them one by one- even so did
Scylla land these panting creatures on her rock and munch them up
at the mouth of her den, while they screamed and stretched out their
hands to me in their mortal agony. This was the most sickening sight
that I saw throughout all my voyages.
"When we had passed the [Wandering] rocks, with Scylla and terrible
Charybdis, we reached the noble island of the sun-god, where were
the goodly cattle and sheep belonging to the sun Hyperion. While sM
at sea in my ship I could bear the cattle lowing as they came home
to the yards, and the sheep bleating. Then I remembered what the blind
Theban prophet Teiresias had told me, and how carefully Aeaean Circe
had warned me to shun the island of the blessed sun-god. So being
much troubled I said to the men, 'My men, I know you are hard pressed,
but listen while I tell you the prophecy that Teiresias made me, and
how carefully Aeaean Circe warned me to shun the island of the blessed
sun-god, for it was herM
e, she said, that our worst danger would lie.
Head the ship, therefore, away from the island.'
"The men were in despair at this, and Eurylochus at once gave me an
insolent answer. 'Ulysses,' said he, 'you are cruel; you are very
strong yourself and never get worn out; you seem to be made of iron,
and now, though your men are exhausted with toil and want of sleep,
you will not let them land and cook themselves a good supper upon
this island, but bid them put out to sea and go faring fruitlessly
the watches of the flying night. It is by night that the
winds blow hardest and do so much damage; how can we escape should
one of those sudden squalls spring up from South West or West, which
so often wreck a vessel when our lords the gods are unpropitious?
Now, therefore, let us obey the of night and prepare our supper here
hard by the ship; to-morrow morning we will go on board again and
"Thus spoke Eurylochus, and the men approved his words. I saw that
heaven meant us a mischief andM
said, 'You force me to yield, for you
are many against one, but at any rate each one of you must take his
solemn oath that if he meet with a herd of cattle or a large flock
of sheep, he will not be so mad as to kill a single head of either,
but will be satisfied with the food that Circe has given us.'
"They all swore as I bade them, and when they had completed their
oath we made the ship fast in a harbour that was near a stream of
fresh water, and the men went ashore and cooked their suppers. As
they had had enough to eat and drink, they began talking about
their poor comrades whom Scylla had snatched up and eaten; this set
them weeping and they went on crying till they fell off into a sound
"In the third watch of the night when the stars had shifted their
places, Jove raised a great gale of wind that flew a hurricane so
that land and sea were covered with thick clouds, and night sprang
forth out of the heavens. When the child of morning, rosy-fingered
Dawn, appeared, we brought the ship M
to land and drew her into a cave
wherein the sea-nymphs hold their courts and dances, and I called
the men together in council.
"'My friends,' said I, 'we have meat and drink in the ship, let us
mind, therefore, and not touch the cattle, or we shall suffer for
it; for these cattle and sheep belong to the mighty sun, who sees
and gives ear to everything. And again they promised that they would
"For a whole month the wind blew steadily from the South, and there
was no other wind, but only South aM
nd East. As long as corn and wine
held out the men did not touch the cattle when they were hungry; when,
however, they had eaten all there was in the ship, they were forced
to go further afield, with hook and line, catching birds, and taking
whatever they could lay their hands on; for they were starving. One
day, therefore, I went up inland that I might pray heaven to show
me some means of getting away. When I had gone far enough to be clear
of all my men, and had found a place that was well sheltered from
the wind, I washed my hands and prayed to all the gods in Olympus
till by and by they sent me off into a sweet sleep.
"Meanwhile Eurylochus had been giving evil counsel to the men, 'Listen
to me,' said he, 'my poor comrades. All deaths are bad enough but
there is none so bad as famine. Why should not we drive in the best
of these cows and offer them in sacrifice to the immortal Rods? If
we ever get back to Ithaca, we can build a fine temple to the sun-god
and enrich it with every kind of ornament; if, howM
ever, he is determined
to sink our ship out of revenge for these homed cattle, and the other
gods are of the same mind, I for one would rather drink salt water
once for all and have done with it, than be starved to death by inches
in such a desert island as this is.'
"Thus spoke Eurylochus, and the men approved his words. Now the cattle,
so fair and goodly, were feeding not far from the ship; the men, therefore
drove in the best of them, and they all stood round them saying their
prayers, and using youngM
oak-shoots instead of barley-meal, for there
was no barley left. When they had done praying they killed the cows
and dressed their carcasses; they cut out the thigh bones, wrapped
them round in two layers of fat, and set some pieces of raw meat on
top of them. They had no wine with which to make drink-offerings over
the sacrifice while it was cooking, so they kept pouring on a little
water from time to time while the inward meats were being grilled;
then, when the thigh bones were burned and they had tastedM
meats, they cut the rest up small and put the pieces upon the spits.
"By this time my deep sleep had left me, and I turned back to the
ship and to the sea shore. As I drew near I began to smell hot roast
meat, so I groaned out a prayer to the immortal gods. 'Father Jove,'
I exclaimed, 'and all you other gods who live in everlasting bliss,
you have done me a cruel mischief by the sleep into which you have
sent me; see what fine work these men of mine have been making in
ile Lampetie went straight off to the sun and told him we had
been killing his cows, whereon he flew into a great rage, and said
to the immortals, 'Father Jove, and all you other gods who live in
everlasting bliss, I must have vengeance on the crew of Ulysses' ship:
they have had the insolence to kill my cows, which were the one thing
I loved to look upon, whether I was going up heaven or down again.
If they do not square accounts with me about my cows, I will go down
to Hades and shine there among the dead.M
"'Sun,' said Jove, 'go on shining upon us gods and upon mankind over
the fruitful earth. I will shiver their ship into little pieces with
a bolt of white lightning as soon as they get out to sea.'
"I was told all this by Calypso, who said she had heard it from the
"As soon as I got down to my ship and to the sea shore I rebuked each
one of the men separately, but we could see no way out of it, for
the cows were dead already. And indeed the gods began at once to show
nders among us, for the hides of the cattle crawled about,
and the joints upon the spits began to low like cows, and the meat,
whether cooked or raw, kept on making a noise just as cows do.
"For six days my men kept driving in the best cows and feasting upon
them, but when Jove the son of Saturn had added a seventh day, the
fury of the gale abated; we therefore went on board, raised our masts,
spread sail, and put out to sea. As soon as we were well away from
the island, and could see nothing but sky and sM
ea, the son of Saturn
raised a black cloud over our ship, and the sea grew dark beneath
it. We not get on much further, for in another moment we were caught
by a terrific squall from the West that snapped the forestays of the
mast so that it fell aft, while all the ship's gear tumbled about
at the bottom of the vessel. The mast fell upon the head of the helmsman
in the ship's stern, so that the bones of his head were crushed to
pieces, and he fell overboard as though he were diving, with no more
"Then Jove let fly with his thunderbolts, and the ship went round
and round, and was filled with fire and brimstone as the lightning
struck it. The men all fell into the sea; they were carried about
in the water round the ship, looking like so many sea-gulls, but the
god presently deprived them of all chance of getting home again.
"I stuck to the ship till the sea knocked her sides from her keel
(which drifted about by itself) and struck the mast out of her in
the direction of the keel; but therM
e was a backstay of stout ox-thong
still hanging about it, and with this I lashed the mast and keel together,
and getting astride of them was carried wherever the winds chose to
"[The gale from the West had now spent its force, and the wind got
into the South again, which frightened me lest I should be taken back
to the terrible whirlpool of Charybdis. This indeed was what actually
happened, for I was borne along by the waves all night, and by sunrise
had reacfied the rock of Scylla, and the whiM
rlpool. She was then sucking
down the salt sea water, but I was carried aloft toward the fig tree,
which I caught hold of and clung on to like a bat. I could not plant
my feet anywhere so as to stand securely, for the roots were a long
way off and the boughs that overshadowed the whole pool were too high,
too vast, and too far apart for me to reach them; so I hung patiently
on, waiting till the pool should discharge my mast and raft again-
and a very long while it seemed. A juryman is not more glad to get
ome to supper, after having been long detained in court by troublesome
cases, than I was to see my raft beginning to work its way out of
the whirlpool again. At last I let go with my hands and feet, and
fell heavily into the sea, bard by my raft on to which I then got,
and began to row with my hands. As for Scylla, the father of gods
and men would not let her get further sight of me- otherwise I should
have certainly been lost.]
"Hence I was carried along for nine days till on the tenth night the
randed me on the Ogygian island, where dwells the great and
powerful goddess Calypso. She took me in and was kind to me, but I
need say no more about this, for I told you and your noble wife all
about it yesterday, and I hate saying the same thing over and over
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Thus did he speak, and they all held their peace throughout the covered
cloister, enthralled by the charm of his story, till presently Alcinous
"Ulysses," said he, "now that you have reached my house I doubt not
you will get home without further misadventure no matter how much
you have suffered in the past. To you others, however, who come here
night after night to drink my choicest wine and listen to my bard,
I would insist as foM
llows. Our guest has already packed up the clothes,
wrought gold, and other valuables which you have brought for his acceptance;
let us now, therefore, present him further, each one of us, with a
large tripod and a cauldron. We will recoup ourselves by the levy
of a general rate; for private individuals cannot be expected to bear
the burden of such a handsome present."
Every one approved of this, and then they went home to bed each in
his own abode. When the child of morning, rosy-fingered Dawn, appeared,M
they hurried down to the ship and brought their cauldrons with them.
Alcinous went on board and saw everything so securely stowed under
the ship's benches that nothing could break adrift and injure the
rowers. Then they went to the house of Alcinous to get dinner, and
he sacrificed a bull for them in honour of Jove who is the lord of
all. They set the steaks to grill and made an excellent dinner, after
which the inspired bard, Demodocus, who was a favourite with every
one, sang to them; but Ulysses kept onM
turning his eyes towards the
sun, as though to hasten his setting, for he was longing to be on
his way. As one who has been all day ploughing a fallow field with
a couple of oxen keeps thinking about his supper and is glad when
night comes that he may go and get it, for it is all his legs can
do to carry him, even so did Ulysses rejoice when the sun went down,
and he at once said to the Phaecians, addressing himself more particularly
"Sir, and all of you, farewell. Make your drink-offeM
me on my way rejoicing, for you have fulfilled my heart's desire by
giving me an escort, and making me presents, which heaven grant that
I may turn to good account; may I find my admirable wife living in
peace among friends, and may you whom I leave behind me give satisfaction
to your wives and children; may heaven vouchsafe you every good grace,
and may no evil thing come among your people."
Thus did he speak. His hearers all of them approved his saying and
agreed that he should have his M
escort inasmuch as he had spoken reasonably.
Alcinous therefore said to his servant, "Pontonous, mix some wine
and hand it round to everybody, that we may offer a prayer to father
Jove, and speed our guest upon his way."
Pontonous mixed the wine and handed it to every one in turn; the others
each from his own seat made a drink-offering to the blessed gods that
live in heaven, but Ulysses rose and placed the double cup in the
hands of queen Arete.
"Farewell, queen," said he, "henceforward and for ever,M
death, the common lot of mankind, lay their hands upon you. I now
take my leave; be happy in this house with your children, your people,
and with king Alcinous."
As he spoke he crossed the threshold, and Alcinous sent a man to conduct
him to his ship and to the sea shore. Arete also sent some maid servants
with him- one with a clean shirt and cloak, another to carry his strong-box,
and a third with corn and wine. When they got to the water side the
crew took these things and put them on boaM
rd, with all the meat and
drink; but for Ulysses they spread a rug and a linen sheet on deck
that he might sleep soundly in the stern of the ship. Then he too
went on board and lay down without a word, but the crew took every
man his place and loosed the hawser from the pierced stone to which
it had been bound. Thereon, when they began rowing out to sea, Ulysses
fell into a deep, sweet, and almost deathlike slumber.
The ship bounded forward on her way as a four in hand chariot flies
over the course when M
the horses feel the whip. Her prow curveted as
it were the neck of a stallion, and a great wave of dark blue water
seethed in her wake. She held steadily on her course, and even a falcon,
swiftest of all birds, could not have kept pace with her. Thus, then,
she cut her way through the water. carrying one who was as cunning
as the gods, but who was now sleeping peacefully, forgetful of all
that he had suffered both on the field of battle and by the waves
When the bright star that heraldsM
the approach of dawn began to show.
the ship drew near to land. Now there is in Ithaca a haven of the
old merman Phorcys, which lies between two points that break the line
of the sea and shut the harbour in. These shelter it from the storms
of wind and sea that rage outside, so that, when once within it, a
ship may lie without being even moored. At the head of this harbour
there is a large olive tree, and at no distance a fine overarching
cavern sacred to the nymphs who are called Naiads. There are mixing-bM
within it and wine-jars of stone, and the bees hive there. Moreover,
there are great looms of stone on which the nymphs weave their robes
of sea purple- very curious to see- and at all times there is water
within it. It has two entrances, one facing North by which mortals
can go down into the cave, while the other comes from the South and
is more mysterious; mortals cannot possibly get in by it, it is the
way taken by the gods.
Into this harbour, then, they took their ship, for they knew the place,
She had so much way upon her that she ran half her own length on to
the shore; when, however, they had landed, the first thing they did
was to lift Ulysses with his rug and linen sheet out of the ship,
and lay him down upon the sand still fast asleep. Then they took out
the presents which Minerva had persuaded the Phaeacians to give him
when he was setting out on his voyage homewards. They put these all
together by the root of the olive tree, away from the road, for fear
some passer by might come and steal M
them before Ulysses awoke; and
then they made the best of their way home again.
But Neptune did not forget the threats with which he had already threatened
Ulysses, so he took counsel with Jove. "Father Jove," said he, "I
shall no longer be held in any sort of respect among you gods, if
mortals like the Phaeacians, who are my own flesh and blood, show
such small regard for me. I said I would Ulysses get home when he
had suffered sufficiently. I did not say that he should never get
home at all, for I knewM
you had already nodded your head about it,
and promised that he should do so; but now they have brought him in
a ship fast asleep and have landed him in Ithaca after loading him
with more magnificent presents of bronze, gold, and raiment than he
would ever have brought back from Troy, if he had had his share of
the spoil and got home without misadventure."
And Jove answered, "What, O Lord of the Earthquake, are you talking
about? The gods are by no means wanting in respect for you. It would
were they to insult one so old and honoured as you are.
As regards mortals, however, if any of them is indulging in insolence
and treating you disrespectfully, it will always rest with yourself
to deal with him as you may think proper, so do just as you please."
"I should have done so at once," replied Neptune, "if I were not anxious
to avoid anything that might displease you; now, therefore, I should
like to wreck the Phaecian ship as it is returning from its escort.
This will stop them from escorting peM
ople in future; and I should
also like to bury their city under a huge mountain."
"My good friend," answered Jove, "I should recommend you at the very
moment when the people from the city are watching the ship on her
way, to turn it into a rock near the land and looking like a ship.
This will astonish everybody, and you can then bury their city under
When earth-encircling Neptune heard this he went to Scheria where
the Phaecians live, and stayed there till the ship, which was making
pid way, had got close-in. Then he went up to it, turned it into
stone, and drove it down with the flat of his hand so as to root it
in the ground. After this he went away.
The Phaeacians then began talking among themselves, and one would
turn towards his neighbour, saying, "Bless my heart, who is it that
can have rooted the ship in the sea just as she was getting into port?
We could see the whole of her only moment ago."
This was how they talked, but they knew nothing about it; and Alcinous
remember now the old prophecy of my father. He said that
Neptune would be angry with us for taking every one so safely over
the sea, and would one day wreck a Phaeacian ship as it was returning
from an escort, and bury our city under a high mountain. This was
what my old father used to say, and now it is all coming true. Now
therefore let us all do as I say; in the first place we must leave
off giving people escorts when they come here, and in the next let
us sacrifice twelve picked bulls to Neptune that he M
upon us, and not bury our city under the high mountain." When the
people heard this they were afraid and got ready the bulls.
Thus did the chiefs and rulers of the Phaecians to king Neptune, standing
round his altar; and at the same time Ulysses woke up once more upon
his own soil. He had been so long away that he did not know it again;
moreover, Jove's daughter Minerva had made it a foggy day, so that
people might not know of his having come, and that she might tell
him everything without M
either his wife or his fellow citizens and
friends recognizing him until he had taken his revenge upon the wicked
suitors. Everything, therefore, seemed quite different to him- the
long straight tracks, the harbours, the precipices, and the goodly
trees, appeared all changed as he started up and looked upon his native
land. So he smote his thighs with the flat of his hands and cried
aloud despairingly.
"Alas," he exclaimed, "among what manner of people am I fallen? Are
they savage and uncivilized or hospM
itable and humane? Where shall
I put all this treasure, and which way shall I go? I wish I had stayed
over there with the Phaeacians; or I could have gone to some other
great chief who would have been good to me and given me an escort.
As it is I do not know where to put my treasure, and I cannot leave
it here for fear somebody else should get hold of it. In good truth
the chiefs and rulers of the Phaeacians have not been dealing fairly
by me, and have left me in the wrong country; they said they would
me back to Ithaca and they have not done so: may Jove the protector
of suppliants chastise them, for he watches over everybody and punishes
those who do wrong. Still, I suppose I must count my goods and see
if the crew have gone off with any of them."
He counted his goodly coppers and cauldrons, his gold and all his
clothes, but there was nothing missing; still he kept grieving about
not being in his own country, and wandered up and down by the shore
of the sounding sea bewailing his hard fate. Then MineM
to him disguised as a young shepherd of delicate and princely mien,
with a good cloak folded double about her shoulders; she had sandals
on her comely feet and held a javelin in her hand. Ulysses was glad
when he saw her, and went straight up to her.
"My friend," said he, "you are the first person whom I have met with
in this country; I salute you, therefore, and beg you to be will disposed
towards me. Protect these my goods, and myself too, for I embrace
your knees and pray to you as though M
you were a god. Tell me, then,
and tell me truly, what land and country is this? Who are its inhabitants?
Am I on an island, or is this the sea board of some continent?"
Minerva answered, "Stranger, you must be very simple, or must have
come from somewhere a long way off, not to know what country this
is. It is a very celebrated place, and everybody knows it East and
West. It is rugged and not a good driving country, but it is by no
means a bid island for what there is of it. It grows any quantity
and also wine, for it is watered both by rain and dew; it
breeds cattle also and goats; all kinds of timber grow here, and there
are watering places where the water never runs dry; so, sir, the name
of Ithaca is known even as far as Troy, which I understand to be a
long way off from this Achaean country."
Ulysses was glad at finding himself, as Minerva told him, in his own
country, and he began to answer, but he did not speak the truth, and
made up a lying story in the instinctive wiliness of his heart.
"I heard of Ithaca," said he, "when I was in Crete beyond the seas,
and now it seems I have reached it with all these treasures. I have
left as much more behind me for my children, but am flying because
I killed Orsilochus son of Idomeneus, the fleetest runner in Crete.
I killed him because he wanted to rob me of the spoils I had got from
Troy with so much trouble and danger both on the field of battle and
by the waves of the weary sea; he said I had not served his father
loyally at Troy as vassal, but haM
d set myself up as an independent
ruler, so I lay in wait for him and with one of my followers by the
road side, and speared him as he was coming into town from the country.
my It was a very dark night and nobody saw us; it was not known, therefore,
that I had killed him, but as soon as I had done so I went to a ship
and besought the owners, who were Phoenicians, to take me on board
and set me in Pylos or in Elis where the Epeans rule, giving them
as much spoil as satisfied them. They meant no guile, but theM
drove them off their course, and we sailed on till we came hither
by night. It was all we could do to get inside the harbour, and none
of us said a word about supper though we wanted it badly, but we all
went on shore and lay down just as we were. I was very tired and fell
asleep directly, so they took my goods out of the ship, and placed
them beside me where I was lying upon the sand. Then they sailed away
to Sidonia, and I was left here in great distress of mind."
Such was his story, but Minerva sM
miled and caressed him with her hand.
Then she took the form of a woman, fair, stately, and wise, "He must
be indeed a shifty lying fellow," said she, "who could surpass you
in all manner of craft even though you had a god for your antagonist.
Dare-devil that you are, full of guile, unwearying in deceit, can
you not drop your tricks and your instinctive falsehood, even now
that you are in your own country again? We will say no more, however,
about this, for we can both of us deceive upon occasion- you are thM
most accomplished counsellor and orator among all mankind, while I
for diplomacy and subtlety have no equal among the gods. Did you not
know Jove's daughter Minerva- me, who have been ever with you, who
kept watch over you in all your troubles, and who made the Phaeacians
take so great a liking to you? And now, again, I am come here to talk
things over with you, and help you to hide the treasure I made the
Phaeacians give you; I want to tell you about the troubles that await
you in your own house; you havM
e got to face them, but tell no one,
neither man nor woman, that you have come home again. Bear everything,
and put up with every man's insolence, without a word."
And Ulysses answered, "A man, goddess, may know a great deal, but
you are so constantly changing your appearance that when he meets
you it is a hard matter for him to know whether it is you or not.
This much, however, I know exceedingly well; you were very kind to
me as long as we Achaeans were fighting before Troy, but from the
e went on board ship after having sacked the city of
Priam, and heaven dispersed us- from that day, Minerva, I saw no more
of you, and cannot ever remember your coming to my ship to help me
in a difficulty; I had to wander on sick and sorry till the gods delivered
me from evil and I reached the city of the Phaeacians, where you encouraged
me and took me into the town. And now, I beseech you in your father's
name, tell me the truth, for I do not believe I am really back in
Ithaca. I am in some other country aM
nd you are mocking me and deceiving
me in all you have been saying. Tell me then truly, have I really
got back to my own country?"
"You are always taking something of that sort into your head," replied
Minerva, "and that is why I cannot desert you in your afflictions;
you are so plausible, shrewd and shifty. Any one but yourself on returning
from so long a voyage would at once have gone home to see his wife
and children, but you do not seem to care about asking after them
or hearing any news about them tM
ill you have exploited your wife,
who remains at home vainly grieving for you, and having no peace night
or day for the tears she sheds on your behalf. As for my not coming
near you, I was never uneasy about you, for I was certain you would
get back safely though you would lose all your men, and I did not
wish to quarrel with my uncle Neptune, who never forgave you for having
blinded his son. I will now, however, point out to you the lie of
the land, and you will then perhaps believe me. This is the haven
f the old merman Phorcys, and here is the olive tree that grows at
the head of it; [near it is the cave sacred to the Naiads;] here too
is the overarching cavern in which you have offered many an acceptable
hecatomb to the nymphs, and this is the wooded mountain Neritum."
As she spoke the goddess dispersed the mist and the land appeared.
Then Ulysses rejoiced at finding himself again in his own land, and
kissed the bounteous soil; he lifted up his hands and prayed to the
nymphs, saying, "Naiad nymphs, daugM
hters of Jove, I made sure that
I was never again to see you, now therefore I greet you with all loving
salutations, and I will bring you offerings as in the old days, if
Jove's redoubtable daughter will grant me life, and bring my son to
"Take heart, and do not trouble yourself about that," rejoined Minerva,
"let us rather set about stowing your things at once in the cave,
where they will be quite safe. Let us see how we can best manage it
Therewith she went down into the cave to looM
k for the safest hiding
places, while Ulysses brought up all the treasure of gold, bronze,
and good clothing which the Phaecians had given him. They stowed everything
carefully away, and Minerva set a stone against the door of the cave.
Then the two sat down by the root of the great olive, and consulted
how to compass the destruction of the wicked suitors.
"Ulysses," said Minerva, "noble son of Laertes, think how you can
lay hands on these disreputable people who have been lording it in
three years, courting your wife and making wedding
presents to her, while she does nothing but lament your absence, giving
hope and sending your encouraging messages to every one of them, but
meaning the very opposite of all she says'
And Ulysses answered, "In good truth, goddess, it seems I should have
come to much the same bad end in my own house as Agamemnon did, if
you had not given me such timely information. Advise me how I shall
best avenge myself. Stand by my side and put your courage into my
rt as on the day when we loosed Troy's fair diadem from her brow.
Help me now as you did then, and I will fight three hundred men, if
you, goddess, will be with me."
"Trust me for that," said she, "I will not lose sight of you when
once we set about it, and I would imagine that some of those who are
devouring your substance will then bespatter the pavement with their
blood and brains. I will begin by disguising you so that no human
being shall know you; I will cover your body with wrinkles; you shall
e all your yellow hair; I will clothe you in a garment that shall
fill all who see it with loathing; I will blear your fine eyes for
you, and make you an unseemly object in the sight of the suitors,
of your wife, and of the son whom you left behind you. Then go at
once to the swineherd who is in charge of your pigs; he has been always
well affected towards you, and is devoted to Penelope and your son;
you will find him feeding his pigs near the rock that is called Raven
by the fountain Arethusa, where they aM
re fattening on beechmast and
spring water after their manner. Stay with him and find out how things
are going, while I proceed to Sparta and see your son, who is with
Menelaus at Lacedaemon, where he has gone to try and find out whether
you are still alive."
"But why," said Ulysses, "did you not tell him, for you knew all about
it? Did you want him too to go sailing about amid all kinds of hardship
while others are eating up his estate?"
Minerva answered, "Never mind about him, I sent him that he migM
be well spoken of for having gone. He is in no sort of difficulty,
but is staying quite comfortably with Menelaus, and is surrounded
with abundance of every kind. The suitors have put out to sea and
are lying in wait for him, for they mean to kill him before he can
get home. I do not much think they will succeed, but rather that some
of those who are now eating up your estate will first find a grave
As she spoke Minerva touched him with her wand and covered him with
wrinkles, took away aM
ll his yellow hair, and withered the flesh over
his whole body; she bleared his eyes, which were naturally very fine
ones; she changed his clothes and threw an old rag of a wrap about
him, and a tunic, tattered, filthy, and begrimed with smoke; she also
gave him an undressed deer skin as an outer garment, and furnished
him with a staff and a wallet all in holes, with a twisted thong for
him to sling it over his shoulder.
When the pair had thus laid their plans they parted, and the goddess
o Lacedaemon to fetch Telemachus.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ulysses now left the haven, and took the rough track up through the
wooded country and over the crest of the mountain till he reached
the place where Minerva had said that he would find the swineherd,
who was the most thrifty servant he had. He found him sitting in front
of his hut, which was by the yards that he had built on a site which
could be seen from far. He had made them spacious M
with a free ran for the pigs all round them; he had built them during
his master's absence, of stones which he had gathered out of the ground,
without saying anything to Penelope or Laertes, and he had fenced
them on top with thorn bushes. Outside the yard he had run a strong
fence of oaken posts, split, and set pretty close together, while
inside lie had built twelve sties near one another for the sows to
lie in. There were fifty pigs wallowing in each sty, all of them breeding
he boars slept outside and were much fewer in number, for
the suitors kept on eating them, and die swineherd had to send them
the best he had continually. There were three hundred and sixty boar
pigs, and the herdsman's four hounds, which were as fierce as wolves,
slept always with them. The swineherd was at that moment cutting out
a pair of sandals from a good stout ox hide. Three of his men were
out herding the pigs in one place or another, and he had sent the
fourth to town with a boar that he had been foM
rced to send the suitors
that they might sacrifice it and have their fill of meat.
When the hounds saw Ulysses they set up a furious barking and flew
at him, but Ulysses was cunning enough to sit down and loose his hold
of the stick that he had in his hand: still, he would have been torn
by them in his own homestead had not the swineherd dropped his ox
hide, rushed full speed through the gate of the yard and driven the
dogs off by shouting and throwing stones at them. Then he said to
Ulysses, "Old man, thM
e dogs were likely to have made short work of
you, and then you would have got me into trouble. The gods have given
me quite enough worries without that, for I have lost the best of
masters, and am in continual grief on his account. I have to attend
swine for other people to eat, while he, if he yet lives to see the
light of day, is starving in some distant land. But come inside, and
when you have had your fill of bread and wine, tell me where you come
from, and all about your misfortunes."
wineherd led the way into the hut and bade him sit down.
He strewed a good thick bed of rushes upon the floor, and on the top
of this he threw the shaggy chamois skin- a great thick one- on which
he used to sleep by night. Ulysses was pleased at being made thus
welcome, and said "May Jove, sir, and the rest of the gods grant you
your heart's desire in return for the kind way in which you have received
To this you answered, O swineherd Eumaeus, "Stranger, though a still
poorer man should come here, iM
t would not be right for me to insult
him, for all strangers and beggars are from Jove. You must take what
you can get and be thankful, for servants live in fear when they have
young lords for their masters; and this is my misfortune now, for
heaven has hindered the return of him who would have been always good
to me and given me something of my own- a house, a piece of land,
a good looking wife, and all else that a liberal master allows a servant
who has worked hard for him, and whose labour the gods have pM
as they have mine in the situation which I hold. If my master had
grown old here he would have done great things by me, but he is gone,
and I wish that Helen's whole race were utterly destroyed, for she
has been the death of many a good man. It was this matter that took
my master to Ilius, the land of noble steeds, to fight the Trojans
in the cause of kin Agamemnon."
As he spoke he bound his girdle round him and went to the sties where
the young sucking pigs were penned. He picked out two which M
back with him and sacrificed. He singed them, cut them up, and spitted
on them; when the meat was cooked he brought it all in and set it
before Ulysses, hot and still on the spit, whereon Ulysses sprinkled
it over with white barley meal. The swineherd then mixed wine in a
bowl of ivy-wood, and taking a seat opposite Ulysses told him to begin.
"Fall to, stranger," said he, "on a dish of servant's pork. The fat
pigs have to go to the suitors, who eat them up without shame or scruple;
sed gods love not such shameful doings, and respect those
who do what is lawful and right. Even the fierce free-booters who
go raiding on other people's land, and Jove gives them their spoil-
even they, when they have filled their ships and got home again live
conscience-stricken, and look fearfully for judgement; but some god
seems to have told these people that Ulysses is dead and gone; they
will not, therefore, go back to their own homes and make their offers
of marriage in the usual way, but waste his esM
tate by force, without
fear or stint. Not a day or night comes out of heaven, but they sacrifice
not one victim nor two only, and they take the run of his wine, for
he was exceedingly rich. No other great man either in Ithaca or on
the mainland is as rich as he was; he had as much as twenty men put
together. I will tell you what he had. There are twelve herds of cattle
upon the mainland, and as many flocks of sheep, there are also twelve
droves of pigs, while his own men and hired strangers feed him twelve
widely spreading herds of goats. Here in Ithaca he runs even large
flocks of goats on the far end of the island, and they are in the
charge of excellent goatherds. Each one of these sends the suitors
the best goat in the flock every day. As for myself, I am in charge
of the pigs that you see here, and I have to keep picking out the
best I have and sending it to them."
This was his story, but Ulysses went on eating and drinking ravenously
without a word, brooding his revenge. When he had eaten enough and
was satisfied, the swineherd took the bowl from which he usually drank,
filled it with wine, and gave it to Ulysses, who was pleased, and
said as he took it in his hands, "My friend, who was this master of
yours that bought you and paid for you, so rich and so powerful as
you tell me? You say he perished in the cause of King Agamemnon; tell
me who he was, in case I may have met with such a person. Jove and
the other gods know, but I may be able to give you news of him, for
I have travelled much."
answered, "Old man, no traveller who comes here with news
will get Ulysses' wife and son to believe his story. Nevertheless,
tramps in want of a lodging keep coming with their mouths full of
lies, and not a word of truth; every one who finds his way to Ithaca
goes to my mistress and tells her falsehoods, whereon she takes them
in, makes much of them, and asks them all manner of questions, crying
all the time as women will when they have lost their husbands. And
you too, old man, for a shirt and a cloak woulM
a very pretty story. But the wolves and birds of prey have long since
torn Ulysses to pieces, or the fishes of the sea have eaten him, and
his bones are lying buried deep in sand upon some foreign shore; he
is dead and gone, and a bad business it is for all his friends- for
me especially; go where I may I shall never find so good a master,
not even if I were to go home to my mother and father where I was
bred and born. I do not so much care, however, about my parents now,
dearly like to see them again in my own country; it
is the loss of Ulysses that grieves me most; I cannot speak of him
without reverence though he is here no longer, for he was very fond
of me, and took such care of me that whereever he may be I shall always
honour his memory."
"My friend," replied Ulysses, "you are very positive, and very hard
of belief about your master's coming home again, nevertheless I will
not merely say, but will swear, that he is coming. Do not give me
anything for my news till M
he has actually come, you may then give
me a shirt and cloak of good wear if you will. I am in great want,
but I will not take anything at all till then, for I hate a man, even
as I hate hell fire, who lets his poverty tempt him into lying. I
swear by king Jove, by the rites of hospitality, and by that hearth
of Ulysses to which I have now come, that all will surely happen as
I have said it will. Ulysses will return in this self same year; with
the end of this moon and the beginning of the next he will be heM
to do vengeance on all those who are ill treating his wife and son."
To this you answered, O swineherd Eumaeus, "Old man, you will neither
get paid for bringing good news, nor will Ulysses ever come home;
drink you wine in peace, and let us talk about something else. Do
not keep on reminding me of all this; it always pains me when any
one speaks about my honoured master. As for your oath we will let
it alone, but I only wish he may come, as do Penelope, his old father
Laertes, and his son Telemachus. IM
am terribly unhappy too about this
same boy of his; he was running up fast into manhood, and bade fare
to be no worse man, face and figure, than his father, but some one,
either god or man, has been unsettling his mind, so he has gone off
to Pylos to try and get news of his father, and the suitors are lying
in wait for him as he is coming home, in the hope of leaving the house
of Arceisius without a name in Ithaca. But let us say no more about
him, and leave him to be taken, or else to escape if the son of M
holds his hand over him to protect him. And now, old man, tell me
your own story; tell me also, for I want to know, who you are and
where you come from. Tell me of your town and parents, what manner
of ship you came in, how crew brought you to Ithaca, and from what
country they professed to come- for you cannot have come by land."
And Ulysses answered, "I will tell you all about it. If there were
meat and wine enough, and we could stay here in the hut with nothing
to do but to eat and drink while tM
he others go to their work, I could
easily talk on for a whole twelve months without ever finishing the
story of the sorrows with which it has pleased heaven to visit me.
"I am by birth a Cretan; my father was a well-to-do man, who had many
sons born in marriage, whereas I was the son of a slave whom he had
purchased for a concubine; nevertheless, my father Castor son of Hylax
(whose lineage I claim, and who was held in the highest honour among
the Cretans for his wealth, prosperity, and the valour of his M
put me on the same level with my brothers who had been born in wedlock.
When, however, death took him to the house of Hades, his sons divided
his estate and cast lots for their shares, but to me they gave a holding
and little else; nevertheless, my valour enabled me to marry into
a rich family, for I was not given to bragging, or shirking on the
field of battle. It is all over now; still, if you look at the straw
you can see what the ear was, for I have had trouble enough and to
spare. Mars and MinervM
a made me doughty in war; when I had picked
my men to surprise the enemy with an ambuscade I never gave death
so much as a thought, but was the first to leap forward and spear
all whom I could overtake. Such was I in battle, but I did not care
about farm work, nor the frugal home life of those who would bring
up children. My delight was in ships, fighting, javelins, and arrows-
things that most men shudder to think of; but one man likes one thing
and another another, and this was what I was most naturally inM
to. Before the Achaeans went to Troy, nine times was I in command
of men and ships on foreign service, and I amassed much wealth. I
had my pick of the spoil in the first instance, and much more was
allotted to me later on.
"My house grew apace and I became a great man among the Cretans, but
when Jove counselled that terrible expedition, in which so many perished,
the people required me and Idomeneus to lead their ships to Troy,
and there was no way out of it, for they insisted on our doing so.
ere we fought for nine whole years, but in the tenth we sacked the
city of Priam and sailed home again as heaven dispersed us. Then it
was that Jove devised evil against me. I spent but one month happily
with my children, wife, and property, and then I conceived the idea
of making a descent on Egypt, so I fitted out a fine fleet and manned
it. I had nine ships, and the people flocked to fill them. For six
days I and my men made feast, and I found them many victims both for
sacrifice to the gods and for themsM
elves, but on the seventh day we
went on board and set sail from Crete with a fair North wind behind
us though we were going down a river. Nothing went ill with any of
our ships, and we had no sickness on board, but sat where we were
and let the ships go as the wind and steersmen took them. On the fifth
day we reached the river Aegyptus; there I stationed my ships in the
river, bidding my men stay by them and keep guard over them while
I sent out scouts to reconnoitre from every point of vantage.
men disobeyed my orders, took to their own devices, and ravaged
the land of the Egyptians, killing the men, and taking their wives
and children captive. The alarm was soon carried to the city, and
when they heard the war cry, the people came out at daybreak till
the plain was filled with horsemen and foot soldiers and with the
gleam of armour. Then Jove spread panic among my men, and they would
no longer face the enemy, for they found themselves surrounded. The
Egyptians killed many of us, and took the restM
labour for them. Jove, however, put it in my mind to do thus- and
I wish I had died then and there in Egypt instead, for there was much
sorrow in store for me- I took off my helmet and shield and dropped
my spear from my hand; then I went straight up to the king's chariot,
clasped his knees and kissed them, whereon he spared my life, bade
me get into his chariot, and took me weeping to his own home. Many
made at me with their ashen spears and tried to kil me in their fury,
rotected me, for he feared the wrath of Jove the protector
of strangers, who punishes those who do evil.
"I stayed there for seven years and got together much money among
the Egyptians, for they all gave me something; but when it was now
going on for eight years there came a certain Phoenician, a cunning
rascal, who had already committed all sorts of villainy, and this
man talked me over into going with him to Phoenicia, where his house
and his possessions lay. I stayed there for a whole twelve months,
ut at the end of that time when months and days had gone by till
the same season had come round again, he set me on board a ship bound
for Libya, on a pretence that I was to take a cargo along with him
to that place, but really that he might sell me as a slave and take
the money I fetched. I suspected his intention, but went on board
with him, for I could not help it.
"The ship ran before a fresh North wind till we had reached the sea
that lies between Crete and Libya; there, however, Jove counselled
ir destruction, for as soon as we were well out from Crete and
could see nothing but sea and sky, he raised a black cloud over our
ship and the sea grew dark beneath it. Then Jove let fly with his
thunderbolts and the ship went round and round and was filled with
fire and brimstone as the lightning struck it. The men fell all into
the sea; they were carried about in the water round the ship looking
like so many sea-gulls, but the god presently deprived them of all
chance of getting home again. I was all dismM
ayed; Jove, however, sent
the ship's mast within my reach, which saved my life, for I clung
to it, and drifted before the fury of the gale. Nine days did I drift
but in the darkness of the tenth night a great wave bore me on to
the Thesprotian coast. There Pheidon king of the Thesprotians entertained
me hospitably without charging me anything at all for his son found
me when I was nearly dead with cold and fatigue, whereon he raised
me by the hand, took me to his father's house and gave me clothes
"There it was that I heard news of Ulysses, for the king told me he
had entertained him, and shown him much hospitality while he was on
his homeward journey. He showed me also the treasure of gold, and
wrought iron that Ulysses had got together. There was enough to keep
his family for ten generations, so much had he left in the house of
king Pheidon. But the king said Ulysses had gone to Dodona that he
might learn Jove's mind from the god's high oak tree, and know whether
after so long an absence he shouM
ld return to Ithaca openly, or in
secret. Moreover the king swore in my presence, making drink-offerings
in his own house as he did so, that the ship was by the water side,
and the crew found, that should take him to his own country. He sent
me off however before Ulysses returned, for there happened to be a
Thesprotian ship sailing for the wheat-growing island of Dulichium,
and he told those in charge of her to be sure and take me safely to
"These men hatched a plot against me that would haM
the very extreme of misery, for when the ship had got some way out
from land they resolved on selling me as a slave. They stripped me
of the shirt and cloak that I was wearing, and gave me instead the
tattered old clouts in which you now see me; then, towards nightfall,
they reached the tilled lands of Ithaca, and there they bound me with
a strong rope fast in the ship, while they went on shore to get supper
by the sea side. But the gods soon undid my bonds for me, and having
over my head I slid down the rudder into the sea, where
I struck out and swam till I was well clear of them, and came ashore
near a thick wood in which I lay concealed. They were very angry at
my having escaped and went searching about for me, till at last they
thought it was no further use and went back to their ship. The gods,
having hidden me thus easily, then took me to a good man's door- for
it seems that I am not to die yet awhile."
To this you answered, O swineherd Eumaeus, "Poor unhappy stranger,
I have found the story of your misfortunes extremely interesting,
but that part about Ulysses is not right; and you will never get me
to believe it. Why should a man like you go about telling lies in
this way? I know all about the return of my master. The gods one and
all of them detest him, or they would have taken him before Troy,
or let him die with friends around him when the days of his fighting
were done; for then the Achaeans would have built a mound over his
ashes and his son would have been heir toM
his renown, but now the
storm winds have spirited him away we know not whither.
"As for me I live out of the way here with the pigs, and never go
to the town unless when Penelope sends for me on the arrival of some
news about Ulysses. Then they all sit round and ask questions, both
those who grieve over the king's absence, and those who rejoice at
it because they can eat up his property without paying for it. For
my own part I have never cared about asking anyone else since the
time when I was taken in M
by an Aetolian, who had killed a man and
come a long way till at last he reached my station, and I was very
kind to him. He said he had seen Ulysses with Idomeneus among the
Cretans, refitting his ships which had been damaged in a gale. He
said Ulysses would return in the following summer or autumn with his
men, and that he would bring back much wealth. And now you, you unfortunate
old man, since fate has brought you to my door, do not try to flatter
me in this way with vain hopes. It is not for any such reaM
I shall treat you kindly, but only out of respect for Jove the god
of hospitality, as fearing him and pitying you."
Ulysses answered, "I see that you are of an unbelieving mind; I have
given you my oath, and yet you will not credit me; let us then make
a bargain, and call all the gods in heaven to witness it. If your
master comes home, give me a cloak and shirt of good wear, and send
me to Dulichium where I want to go; but if he does not come as I say
he will, set your men on to me, and tell theM
m to throw me from yonder
precepice, as a warning to tramps not to go about the country telling
"And a pretty figure I should cut then," replied Eumaeus, both now
and hereafter, if I were to kill you after receiving you into my hut
and showing you hospitality. I should have to say my prayers in good
earnest if I did; but it is just supper time and I hope my men will
come in directly, that we may cook something savoury for supper."
Thus did they converse, and presently the swineherds came up withM
the pigs, which were then shut up for the night in their sties, and
a tremendous squealing they made as they were being driven into them.
But Eumaeus called to his men and said, "Bring in the best pig you
have, that I may sacrifice for this stranger, and we will take toll
of him ourselves. We have had trouble enough this long time feeding
pigs, while others reap the fruit of our labour."
On this he began chopping firewood, while the others brought in a
fine fat five year old boar pig, and set it at the M
did not forget the gods, for he was a man of good principles, so the
first thing he did was to cut bristles from the pig's face and throw
them into the fire, praying to all the gods as he did so that Ulysses
might return home again. Then he clubbed the pig with a billet of
oak which he had kept back when he was chopping the firewood, and
stunned it, while the others slaughtered and singed it. Then they
cut it up, and Eumaeus began by putting raw pieces from each joint
on to some of the fat; tM
hese he sprinkled with barley meal, and laid
upon the embers; they cut the rest of the meat up small, put the pieces
upon the spits and roasted them till they were done; when they had
taken them off the spits they threw them on to the dresser in a heap.
The swineherd, who was a most equitable man, then stood up to give
every one his share. He made seven portions; one of these he set apart
for Mercury the son of Maia and the nymphs, praying to them as he
did so; the others he dealt out to the men man by man. M
some slices cut lengthways down the loin as a mark of especial honour,
and Ulysses was much pleased. "I hope, Eumaeus," said he, "that Jove
will be as well disposed towards you as I am, for the respect you
are showing to an outcast like myself."
To this you answered, O swineherd Eumaeus, "Eat, my good fellow, and
enjoy your supper, such as it is. God grants this, and withholds that,
just as he thinks right, for he can do whatever he chooses."
As he spoke he cut off the first piece and oM
ffered it as a burnt sacrifice
to the immortal gods; then he made them a drink-offering, put the
cup in the hands of Ulysses, and sat down to his own portion. Mesaulius
brought them their bread; the swineherd had bought this man on his
own account from among the Taphians during his master's absence, and
had paid for him with his own money without saying anything either
to his mistress or Laertes. They then laid their hands upon the good
things that were before them, and when they had had enough to eat
rink, Mesaulius took away what was left of the bread, and they
all went to bed after having made a hearty supper.
Now the night came on stormy and very dark, for there was no moon.
It poured without ceasing, and the wind blew strong from the West,
which is a wet quarter, so Ulysses thought he would see whether Eumaeus,
in the excellent care he took of him, would take off his own cloak
and give it him, or make one of his men give him one. "Listen to me,"
said he, "Eumaeus and the rest of you; when I have sM
will tell you something. It is the wine that makes me talk in this
way; wine will make even a wise man fall to singing; it will make
him chuckle and dance and say many a word that he had better leave
unspoken; still, as I have begun, I will go on. Would that I were
still young and strong as when we got up an ambuscade before Troy.
Menelaus and Ulysses were the leaders, but I was in command also,
for the other two would have it so. When we had come up to the wall
of the city we crouched down bM
eneath our armour and lay there under
cover of the reeds and thick brush-wood that grew about the swamp.
It came on to freeze with a North wind blowing; the snow fell small
and fine like hoar frost, and our shields were coated thick with rime.
The others had all got cloaks and shirts, and slept comfortably enough
with their shields about their shoulders, but I had carelessly left
my cloak behind me, not thinking that I should be too cold, and had
gone off in nothing but my shirt and shield. When the night waM
through and the stars had shifted their their places, I nudged Ulysses
who was close to me with my elbow, and he at once gave me his ear.
"'Ulysses,' said I, 'this cold will be the death of me, for I have
no cloak; some god fooled me into setting off with nothing on but
my shirt, and I do not know what to do.'
"Ulysses, who was as crafty as he was valiant, hit upon the following
"'Keep still,' said he in a low voice, 'or the others will hear you.'
Then he raised his head on his eM
"'My friends,' said he, 'I have had a dream from heaven in my sleep.
We are a long way from the ships; I wish some one would go down and
tell Agamemnon to send us up more men at once.'
"On this Thoas son of Andraemon threw off his cloak and set out running
to the ships, whereon I took the cloak and lay in it comfortably enough
till morning. Would that I were still young and strong as I was in
those days, for then some one of you swineherds would give me a cloak
both out of good will and for the M
respect due to a brave soldier;
but now people look down upon me because my clothes are shabby."
And Eumaeus answered, "Old man, you have told us an excellent story,
and have said nothing so far but what is quite satisfactory; for the
present, therefore, you shall want neither clothing nor anything else
that a stranger in distress may reasonably expect, but to-morrow morning
you have to shake your own old rags about your body again, for we
have not many spare cloaks nor shirts up here, but every man has onM
one. When Ulysses' son comes home again he will give you both cloak
and shirt, and send you wherever you may want to go."
With this he got up and made a bed for Ulysses by throwing some goatskins
and sheepskins on the ground in front of the fire. Here Ulysses lay
down, and Eumaeus covered him over with a great heavy cloak that he
kept for a change in case of extraordinarily bad weather.
Thus did Ulysses sleep, and the young men slept beside him. But the
swineherd did not like sleeping away from his M
pigs, so he got ready
to go and Ulysses was glad to see that he looked after his property
during his master's absence. First he slung his sword over his brawny
shoulders and put on a thick cloak to keep out the wind. He also took
the skin of a large and well fed goat, and a javelin in case of attack
from men or dogs. Thus equipped he went to his rest where the pigs
were camping under an overhanging rock that gave them shelter from
----------------------------------------------------------M
But Minerva went to the fair city of Lacedaemon to tell Ulysses'
son that he was to return at once. She found him and Pisistratus sleeping
in the forecourt of Menelaus's house; Pisistratus was fast asleep,
but Telemachus could get no rest all night for thinking of his unhappy
father, so Minerva went close up to him and said:
"Telemachus, you should not remain so far away from home any longer,
nor leave your property with such dangerous people in your house;
they will eat up everM
ything you have among them, and you will have
been on a fool's errand. Ask Menelaus to send you home at once if
you wish to find your excellent mother still there when you get back.
Her father and brothers are already urging her to marry Eurymachus,
who has given her more than any of the others, and has been greatly
increasing his wedding presents. I hope nothing valuable may have
been taken from the house in spite of you, but you know what women
are- they always want to do the best they can for the man who M
them, and never give another thought to the children of their first
husband, nor to their father either when he is dead and done with.
Go home, therefore, and put everything in charge of the most respectable
woman servant that you have, until it shall please heaven to send
you a wife of your own. Let me tell you also of another matter which
you had better attend to. The chief men among the suitors are lying
in wait for you in the Strait between Ithaca and Samos, and they mean
to kill you before you M
can reach home. I do not much think they will
succeed; it is more likely that some of those who are now eating up
your property will find a grave themselves. Sail night and day, and
keep your ship well away from the islands; the god who watches over
you and protects you will send you a fair wind. As soon as you get
to Ithaca send your ship and men on to the town, but yourself go straight
to the swineherd who has charge your pigs; he is well disposed towards
you, stay with him, therefore, for the night, and tM
Penelope to tell her that you have got back safe from Pylos."
Then she went back to Olympus; but Telemachus stirred Pisistratus
with his heel to rouse him, and said, "Wake up Pisistratus, and yoke
the horses to the chariot, for we must set off home."
But Pisistratus said, "No matter what hurry we are in we cannot drive
in the dark. It will be morning soon; wait till Menelaus has brought
his presents and put them in the chariot for us; and let him say good-bye
to us in the usual way. So M
long as he lives a guest should never forget
a host who has shown him kindness."
As he spoke day began to break, and Menelaus, who had already risen,
leaving Helen in bed, came towards them. When Telemachus saw him he
put on his shirt as fast as he could, threw a great cloak over his
shoulders, and went out to meet him. "Menelaus," said he, "let me
go back now to my own country, for I want to get home."
And Menelaus answered, "Telemachus, if you insist on going I will
not detain you. not like to see aM
host either too fond of his guest
or too rude to him. Moderation is best in all things, and not letting
a man go when he wants to do so is as bad as telling him to go if
he would like to stay. One should treat a guest well as long as he
is in the house and speed him when he wants to leave it. Wait, then,
till I can get your beautiful presents into your chariot, and till
you have yourself seen them. I will tell the women to prepare a sufficient
dinner for you of what there may be in the house; it will be at M
more proper and cheaper for you to get your dinner before setting
out on such a long journey. If, moreover, you have a fancy for making
a tour in Hellas or in the Peloponnese, I will yoke my horses, and
will conduct you myself through all our principal cities. No one will
send us away empty handed; every one will give us something- a bronze
tripod, a couple of mules, or a gold cup."
"Menelaus," replied Telemachus, "I want to go home at once, for when
I came away I left my property without protectionM
, and fear that while
looking for my father I shall come to ruin myself, or find that something
valuable has been stolen during my absence."
When Menelaus heard this he immediately told his wife and servants
to prepare a sufficient dinner from what there might be in the house.
At this moment Eteoneus joined him, for he lived close by and had
just got up; so Menelaus told him to light the fire and cook some
meat, which he at once did. Then Menelaus went down into his fragrant
store room, not alone, but HeM
len went too, with Megapenthes. When
he reached the place where the treasures of his house were kept, he
selected a double cup, and told his son Megapenthes to bring also
a silver mixing-bowl. Meanwhile Helen went to the chest where she
kept the lovely dresses which she had made with her own hands, and
took out one that was largest and most beautifully enriched with embroidery;
it glittered like a star, and lay at the very bottom of the chest.
Then they all came back through the house again till they got to M
and Menelaus said, "Telemachus, may Jove, the mighty husband of Juno,
bring you safely home according to your desire. I will now present
you with the finest and most precious piece of plate in all my house.
It is a mixing-bowl of pure silver, except the rim, which is inlaid
with gold, and it is the work of Vulcan. Phaedimus king of the Sidonians
made me a present of it in the course of a visit that I paid him while
I was on my return home. I should like to give it to you."
With these words he M
placed the double cup in the hands of Telemachus,
while Megapenthes brought the beautiful mixing-bowl and set it before
him. Hard by stood lovely Helen with the robe ready in her hand.
"I too, my son," said she, "have something for you as a keepsake from
the hand of Helen; it is for your bride to wear upon her wedding day.
Till then, get your dear mother to keep it for you; thus may you go
back rejoicing to your own country and to your home."
So saying she gave the robe over to him and he received it glM
Then Pisistratus put the presents into the chariot, and admired them
all as he did so. Presently Menelaus took Telemachus and Pisistratus
into the house, and they both of them sat down to table. A maid servant
brought them water in a beautiful golden ewer, and poured it into
a silver basin for them to wash their hands, and she drew a clean
table beside them; an upper servant brought them bread and offered
them many good things of what there was in the house. Eteoneus carved
the meat and gave them eachM
their portions, while Megapenthes poured
out the wine. Then they laid their hands upon the good things that
were before them, but as soon as they had had had enough to eat and
drink Telemachus and Pisistratus yoked the horses, and took their
places in the chariot. They drove out through the inner gateway and
under the echoing gatehouse of the outer court, and Menelaus came
after them with a golden goblet of wine in his right hand that they
might make a drink-offering before they set out. He stood in front
of the horses and pledged them, saying, "Farewell to both of you;
see that you tell Nestor how I have treated you, for he was as kind
to me as any father could be while we Achaeans were fighting before
"We will be sure, sir," answered Telemachus, "to tell him everything
as soon as we see him. I wish I were as certain of finding Ulysses
returned when I get back to Ithaca, that I might tell him of the very
great kindness you have shown me and of the many beautiful presents
I am taking with me."
As he was thus speaking a bird flew on his right hand- an eagle with
a great white goose in its talons which it had carried off from the
farm yard- and all the men and women were running after it and shouting.
It came quite close up to them and flew away on their right hands
in front of the horses. When they saw it they were glad, and their
hearts took comfort within them, whereon Pisistratus said, "Tell me,
Menelaus, has heaven sent this omen for us or for you?"
Menelaus was thinking what would be the moM
st proper answer for him
to make, but Helen was too quick for him and said, "I will read this
matter as heaven has put it in my heart, and as I doubt not that it
will come to pass. The eagle came from the mountain where it was bred
and has its nest, and in like manner Ulysses, after having travelled
far and suffered much, will return to take his revenge- if indeed
he is not back already and hatching mischief for the suitors."
"May Jove so grant it," replied Telemachus; "if it should prove to
make vows to you as though you were a god, even when
As he spoke he lashed his horses and they started off at full speed
through the town towards the open country. They swayed the yoke upon
their necks and travelled the whole day long till the sun set and
darkness was over all the land. Then they reached Pherae, where Diocles
lived who was son of Ortilochus, the son of Alpheus. There they passed
the night and were treated hospitably. When the child of morning,
rosy-fingered Dawn, appearedM
, they again yoked their horses and their
places in the chariot. They drove out through the inner gateway and
under the echoing gatehouse of the outer court. Then Pisistratus lashed
his horses on and they flew forward nothing loath; ere long they came
to Pylos, and then Telemachus said:
"Pisistratus, I hope you will promise to do what I am going to ask
you. You know our fathers were old friends before us; moreover, we
are both of an age, and this journey has brought us together still
more closely; do notM
, therefore, take me past my ship, but leave me
there, for if I go to your father's house he will try to keep me in
the warmth of his good will towards me, and I must go home at once."
Pisistratus thought how he should do as he was asked, and in the end
he deemed it best to turn his horses towards the ship, and put Menelaus's
beautiful presents of gold and raiment in the stern of the vessel.
Then he said, "Go on board at once and tell your men to do so also
before I can reach home to tell my father. I knowM
is, and am sure he will not let you go; he will come down here to
fetch you, and he will not go back without you. But he will be very
With this he drove his goodly steeds back to the city of the Pylians
and soon reached his home, but Telemachus called the men together
and gave his orders. "Now, my men," said he, "get everything in order
on board the ship, and let us set out home."
Thus did he speak, and they went on board even as he had said. But
as Telemachus was thus busieM
d, praying also and sacrificing to Minerva
in the ship's stern, there came to him a man from a distant country,
a seer, who was flying from Argos because he had killed a man. He
was descended from Melampus, who used to live in Pylos, the land of
sheep; he was rich and owned a great house, but he was driven into
exile by the great and powerful king Neleus. Neleus seized his goods
and held them for a whole year, during which he was a close prisoner
in the house of king Phylacus, and in much distress of mind boM
account of the daughter of Neleus and because he was haunted by a
great sorrow that dread Erinyes had laid upon him. In the end, however,
he escaped with his life, drove the cattle from Phylace to Pylos,
avenged the wrong that had been done him, and gave the daughter of
Neleus to his brother. Then he left the country and went to Argos,
where it was ordained that he should reign over much people. There
he married, established himself, and had two famous sons Antiphates
and Mantius. Antiphates became faM
ther of Oicleus, and Oicleus of Amphiaraus,
who was dearly loved both by Jove and by Apollo, but he did not live
to old age, for he was killed in Thebes by reason of a woman's gifts.
His sons were Alcmaeon and Amphilochus. Mantius, the other son of
Melampus, was father to Polypheides and Cleitus. Aurora, throned in
gold, carried off Cleitus for his beauty's sake, that he might dwell
among the immortals, but Apollo made Polypheides the greatest seer
in the whole world now that Amphiaraus was dead. He quarrellM
his father and went to live in Hyperesia, where he remained and prophesied
His son, Theoclymenus, it was who now came up to Telemachus as he
was making drink-offerings and praying in his ship. "Friend'" said
he, "now that I find you sacrificing in this place, I beseech you
by your sacrifices themselves, and by the god to whom you make them,
I pray you also by your own head and by those of your followers, tell
me the truth and nothing but the truth. Who and whence are you? Tell
so of your town and parents."
Telemachus said, "I will answer you quite truly. I am from Ithaca,
and my father is 'Ulysses, as surely as that he ever lived. But he
has come to some miserable end. Therefore I have taken this ship and
got my crew together to see if I can hear any news of him, for he
has been away a long time."
"I too," answered Theoclymenus, am an exile, for I have killed a man
of my own race. He has many brothers and kinsmen in Argos, and they
have great power among the Argives. I am fM
lying to escape death at
their hands, and am thus doomed to be a wanderer on the face of the
earth. I am your suppliant; take me, therefore, on board your ship
that they may not kill me, for I know they are in pursuit."
"I will not refuse you," replied Telemachus, "if you wish to join
us. Come, therefore, and in Ithaca we will treat you hospitably according
On this he received Theoclymenus' spear and laid it down on the deck
of the ship. He went on board and sat in the stern, bidding M
sit beside him; then the men let go the hawsers. Telemachus told them
to catch hold of the ropes, and they made all haste to do so. They
set the mast in its socket in the cross plank, raised it and made
it fast with the forestays, and they hoisted their white sails with
sheets of twisted ox hide. Minerva sent them a fair wind that blew
fresh and strong to take the ship on her course as fast as possible.
Thus then they passed by Crouni and Chalcis.
Presently the sun set and darkness was over M
all the land. The vessel
made a quick pass sage to Pheae and thence on to Elis, where the Epeans
rule. Telemachus then headed her for the flying islands, wondering
within himself whether he should escape death or should be taken prisoner.
Meanwhile Ulysses and the swineherd were eating their supper in the
hut, and the men supped with them. As soon as they had had to eat
and drink, Ulysses began trying to prove the swineherd and see whether
he would continue to treat him kindly, and ask him to stay on at thM
station or pack him off to the city; so he said:
"Eumaeus, and all of you, to-morrow I want to go away and begin begging
about the town, so as to be no more trouble to you or to your men.
Give me your advice therefore, and let me have a good guide to go
with me and show me the way. I will go the round of the city begging
as I needs must, to see if any one will give me a drink and a piece
of bread. I should like also to go to the house of Ulysses and bring
news of her husband to queen Penelope. I could M
the suitors and see if out of all their abundance they will give me
a dinner. I should soon make them an excellent servant in all sorts
of ways. Listen and believe when I tell you that by the blessing of
Mercury who gives grace and good name to the works of all men, there
is no one living who would make a more handy servant than I should-
to put fresh wood on the fire, chop fuel, carve, cook, pour out wine,
and do all those services that poor men have to do for their betters."
eherd was very much disturbed when he heard this. "Heaven
help me," he exclaimed, "what ever can have put such a notion as that
into your head? If you go near the suitors you will be undone to a
certainty, for their pride and insolence reach the very heavens. They
would never think of taking a man like you for a servant. Their servants
are all young men, well dressed, wearing good cloaks and shirts, with
well looking faces and their hair always tidy, the tables are kept
quite clean and are loaded with bread,M
meat, and wine. Stay where
you are, then; you are not in anybody's way; I do not mind your being
here, no more do any of the others, and when Telemachus comes home
he will give you a shirt and cloak and will send you wherever you
Ulysses answered, "I hope you may be as dear to the gods as you are
to me, for having saved me from going about and getting into trouble;
there is nothing worse than being always ways on the tramp; still,
when men have once got low down in the world they will go thM
a great deal on behalf of their miserable bellies. Since however you
press me to stay here and await the return of Telemachus, tell about
Ulysses' mother, and his father whom he left on the threshold of old
age when he set out for Troy. Are they still living or are they already
dead and in the house of Hades?"
"I will tell you all about them," replied Eumaeus, "Laertes is still
living and prays heaven to let him depart peacefully his own house,
for he is terribly distressed about the absence of hisM
about the death of his wife, which grieved him greatly and aged him
more than anything else did. She came to an unhappy end through sorrow
for her son: may no friend or neighbour who has dealt kindly by me
come to such an end as she did. As long as she was still living, though
she was always grieving, I used to like seeing her and asking her
how she did, for she brought me up along with her daughter Ctimene,
the youngest of her children; we were boy and girl together, and she
erence between us. When, however, we both grew up,
they sent Ctimene to Same and received a splendid dowry for her. As
for me, my mistress gave me a good shirt and cloak with a pair of
sandals for my feet, and sent me off into the country, but she was
just as fond of me as ever. This is all over now. Still it has pleased
heaven to prosper my work in the situation which I now hold. I have
enough to eat and drink, and can find something for any respectable
stranger who comes here; but there is no getting a kinM
out of my mistress, for the house has fallen into the hands of wicked
people. Servants want sometimes to see their mistress and have a talk
with her; they like to have something to eat and drink at the house,
and something too to take back with them into the country. This is
what will keep servants in a good humour."
Ulysses answered, "Then you must have been a very little fellow, Eumaeus,
when you were taken so far away from your home and parents. Tell me,
and tell me true, was the city iM
n which your father and mother lived
sacked and pillaged, or did some enemies carry you off when you were
alone tending sheep or cattle, ship you off here, and sell you for
whatever your master gave them?"
"Stranger," replied Eumaeus, "as regards your question: sit still,
make yourself comfortable, drink your wine, and listen to me. The
nights are now at their longest; there is plenty of time both for
sleeping and sitting up talking together; you ought not to go to bed
till bed time, too much sleep is asM
bad as too little; if any one
of the others wishes to go to bed let him leave us and do so; he can
then take my master's pigs out when he has done breakfast in the morning.
We two will sit here eating and drinking in the hut, and telling one
another stories about our misfortunes; for when a man has suffered
much, and been buffeted about in the world, he takes pleasure in recalling
the memory of sorrows that have long gone by. As regards your question,
then, my tale is as follows:
"You may have heard of M
an island called Syra that lies over above
Ortygia, where the land begins to turn round and look in another direction.
It is not very thickly peopled, but the soil is good, with much pasture
fit for cattle and sheep, and it abounds with wine and wheat. Dearth
never comes there, nor are the people plagued by any sickness, but
when they grow old Apollo comes with Diana and kills them with his
painless shafts. It contains two communities, and the whole country
is divided between these two. My father Ctesius sonM
man comparable to the gods, reigned over both.
"Now to this place there came some cunning traders from Phoenicia
(for the Phoenicians are great mariners) in a ship which they had
freighted with gewgaws of all kinds. There happened to be a Phoenician
woman in my father's house, very tall and comely, and an excellent
servant; these scoundrels got hold of her one day when she was washing
near their ship, seduced her, and cajoled her in ways that no woman
can resist, no matter how good she mayM
be by nature. The man who had
seduced her asked her who she was and where she came from, and on
this she told him her father's name. 'I come from Sidon,' said she,
'and am daughter to Arybas, a man rolling in wealth. One day as I
was coming into the town from the country some Taphian pirates seized
me and took me here over the sea, where they sold me to the man who
owns this house, and he gave them their price for me.'
"The man who had seduced her then said, 'Would you like to come along
the house of your parents and your parents themselves?
They are both alive and are said to be well off.'
"'I will do so gladly,' answered she, 'if you men will first swear
me a solemn oath that you will do me no harm by the way.'
"They all swore as she told them, and when they had completed their
oath the woman said, 'Hush; and if any of your men meets me in the
street or at the well, do not let him speak to me, for fear some one
should go and tell my master, in which case he would suspect something.
e would put me in prison, and would have all of you murdered; keep
your own counsel therefore; buy your merchandise as fast as you can,
and send me word when you have done loading. I will bring as much
gold as I can lay my hands on, and there is something else also that
I can do towards paying my fare. I am nurse to the son of the good
man of the house, a funny little fellow just able to run about. I
will carry him off in your ship, and you will get a great deal of
money for him if you take him and sell him M
"On this she went back to the house. The Phoenicians stayed a whole
year till they had loaded their ship with much precious merchandise,
and then, when they had got freight enough, they sent to tell the
woman. Their messenger, a very cunning fellow, came to my father's
house bringing a necklace of gold with amber beads strung among it;
and while my mother and the servants had it in their hands admiring
it and bargaining about it, he made a sign quietly to the woman and
the ship, whereon she took me by the hand and led
me out of the house. In the fore part of the house she saw the tables
set with the cups of guests who had been feasting with my father,
as being in attendance on him; these were now all gone to a meeting
of the public assembly, so she snatched up three cups and carried
them off in the bosom of her dress, while I followed her, for I knew
no better. The sun was now set, and darkness was over all the land,
so we hurried on as fast as we could till we reached thM
where the Phoenician ship was lying. When they had got on board they
sailed their ways over the sea, taking us with them, and Jove sent
then a fair wind; six days did we sail both night and day, but on
the seventh day Diana struck the woman and she fell heavily down into
the ship's hold as though she were a sea gull alighting on the water;
so they threw her overboard to the seals and fishes, and I was left
all sorrowful and alone. Presently the winds and waves took the ship
to Ithaca, where LaertM
es gave sundry of his chattels for me, and thus
it was that ever I came to set eyes upon this country."
Ulysses answered, "Eumaeus, I have heard the story of your misfortunes
with the most lively interest and pity, but Jove has given you good
as well as evil, for in spite of everything you have a good master,
who sees that you always have enough to eat and drink; and you lead
a good life, whereas I am still going about begging my way from city
Thus did they converse, and they had only a veryM
for sleep, for it was soon daybreak. In the meantime Telemachus and
his crew were nearing land, so they loosed the sails, took down the
mast, and rowed the ship into the harbour. They cast out their mooring
stones and made fast the hawsers; they then got out upon the sea shore,
mixed their wine, and got dinner ready. As soon as they had had enough
to eat and drink Telemachus said, "Take the ship on to the town, but
leave me here, for I want to look after the herdsmen on one of my
the evening, when I have seen all I want, I will come down
to the city, and to-morrow morning in return for your trouble I will
give you all a good dinner with meat and wine."
Then Theoclymenus said, 'And what, my dear young friend, is to become
of me? To whose house, among all your chief men, am I to repair? or
shall I go straight to your own house and to your mother?"
"At any other time," replied Telemachus, "I should have bidden you
go to my own house, for you would find no want of hospitality; at
the present moment, however, you would not be comfortable there, for
I shall be away, and my mother will not see you; she does not often
show herself even to the suitors, but sits at her loom weaving in
an upper chamber, out of their way; but I can tell you a man whose
house you can go to- I mean Eurymachus the son of Polybus, who is
held in the highest estimation by every one in Ithaca. He is much
the best man and the most persistent wooer, of all those who are paying
court to my mother and trying to take UM
lysses' place. Jove, however,
in heaven alone knows whether or no they will come to a bad end before
the marriage takes place."
As he was speaking a bird flew by upon his right hand- a hawk, Apollo's
messenger. It held a dove in its talons, and the feathers, as it tore
them off, fell to the ground midway between Telemachus and the ship.
On this Theoclymenus called him apart and caught him by the hand.
"Telemachus," said he, "that bird did not fly on your right hand without
having been sent there by some M
god. As soon as I saw it I knew it
was an omen; it means that you will remain powerful and that there
will be no house in Ithaca more royal than your own."
"I wish it may prove so," answered Telemachus. "If it does, I will
show you so much good will and give you so many presents that all
who meet you will congratulate you."
Then he said to his friend Piraeus, "Piraeus, son of Clytius, you
have throughout shown yourself the most willing to serve me of all
those who have accompanied me to Pylos; I wish M
stranger to your own house and entertain him hospitably till I can
And Piraeus answered, "Telemachus, you may stay away as long as you
please, but I will look after him for you, and he shall find no lack
As he spoke he went on board, and bade the others do so also and loose
the hawsers, so they took their places in the ship. But Telemachus
bound on his sandals, and took a long and doughty spear with a head
of sharpened bronze from the deck of the shM
ip. Then they loosed the
hawsers, thrust the ship off from land, and made on towards the city
as they had been told to do, while Telemachus strode on as fast as
he could, till he reached the homestead where his countless herds
of swine were feeding, and where dwelt the excellent swineherd, who
was so devoted a servant to his master.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Meanwhile Ulysses and the swineherd had lit a fire in the hut and
were were getting breakM
fast ready at daybreak for they had sent the
men out with the pigs. When Telemachus came up, the dogs did not bark,
but fawned upon him, so Ulysses, hearing the sound of feet and noticing
that the dogs did not bark, said to Eumaeus:
"Eumaeus, I hear footsteps; I suppose one of your men or some one
of your acquaintance is coming here, for the dogs are fawning urn
him and not barking."
The words were hardly out of his mouth before his son stood at the
door. Eumaeus sprang to his feet, and the bowls in wM
wine fell from his hands, as he made towards his master. He kissed
his head and both his beautiful eyes, and wept for joy. A father could
not be more delighted at the return of an only son, the child of his
old age, after ten years' absence in a foreign country and after having
gone through much hardship. He embraced him, kissed him all over as
though he had come back from the dead, and spoke fondly to him saying:
"So you are come, Telemachus, light of my eyes that you are. When
you had gone to Pylos I made sure I was never going to see
you any more. Come in, my dear child, and sit down, that I may have
a good look at you now you are home again; it is not very often you
come into the country to see us herdsmen; you stick pretty close to
the town generally. I suppose you think it better to keep an eye on
what the suitors are doing."
"So be it, old friend," answered Telemachus, "but I am come now because
I want to see you, and to learn whether my mother is still at her
r whether some one else has married her, so that the bed
of Ulysses is without bedding and covered with cobwebs."
"She is still at the house," replied Eumaeus, "grieving and breaking
her heart, and doing nothing but weep, both night and day continually."
As spoke he took Telemachus' spear, whereon he crossed the stone threshold
and came inside. Ulysses rose from his seat to give him place as he
entered, but Telemachus checked him; "Sit down, stranger." said he,
"I can easily find another seat, and there M
is one here who will lay
Ulysses went back to his own place, and Eumaeus strewed some green
brushwood on the floor and threw a sheepskin on top of it for Telemachus
to sit upon. Then the swineherd brought them platters of cold meat,
the remains from what they had eaten the day before, and he filled
the bread baskets with bread as fast as he could. He mixed wine also
in bowls of ivy-wood, and took his seat facing Ulysses. Then they
laid their hands on the good things that were before them, andM
soon as they had had enough to eat and drink Telemachus said to Eumaeus,
"Old friend, where does this stranger come from? How did his crew
bring him to Ithaca, and who were they?-for assuredly he did not come
To this you answered, O swineherd Eumaeus, "My son, I will tell you
the real truth. He says he is a Cretan, and that he has been a great
traveller. At this moment he is running away from a Thesprotian ship,
and has refuge at my station, so I will put him into your hands. Do
ver you like with him, only remember that he is your suppliant."
"I am very much distressed," said Telemachus, "by what you have just
told me. How can I take this stranger into my house? I am as yet young,
and am not strong enough to hold my own if any man attacks me. My
mother cannot make up her mind whether to stay where she is and look
after the house out of respect for public opinion and the memory of
her husband, or whether the time is now come for her to take the best
man of those who are wooing her,M
and the one who will make her the
most advantageous offer; still, as the stranger has come to your station
I will find him a cloak and shirt of good wear, with a sword and sandals,
and will send him wherever he wants to go. Or if you like you can
keep him here at the station, and I will send him clothes and food
that he may be no burden on you and on your men; but I will not have
him go near the suitors, for they are very insolent, and are sure
to ill-treat him in a way that would greatly grieve me; no mattM
how valiant a man may be he can do nothing against numbers, for they
will be too strong for him."
Then Ulysses said, "Sir, it is right that I should say something myself.
I am much shocked about what you have said about the insolent way
in which the suitors are behaving in despite of such a man as you
are. Tell me, do you submit to such treatment tamely, or has some
god set your people against you? May you not complain of your brothers-
for it is to these that a man may look for support, however greatM
his quarrel may be? I wish I were as young as you are and in my present
mind; if I were son to Ulysses, or, indeed, Ulysses himself, I would
rather some one came and cut my head off, but I would go to the house
and be the bane of every one of these men. If they were too many for
me- I being single-handed- I would rather die fighting in my own house
than see such disgraceful sights day after day, strangers grossly
maltreated, and men dragging the women servants about the house in
an unseemly way, wine drawnM
recklessly, and bread wasted all to no
purpose for an end that shall never be accomplished."
And Telemachus answered, "I will tell you truly everything. There
is no emnity between me and my people, nor can I complain of brothers,
to whom a man may look for support however great his quarrel may be.
Jove has made us a race of only sons. Laertes was the only son of
Arceisius, and Ulysses only son of Laertes. I am myself the only son
of Ulysses who left me behind him when he went away, so that I have
been of any use to him. Hence it comes that my house is in the
hands of numberless marauders; for the chiefs from all the neighbouring
islands, Dulichium, Same, Zacynthus, as also all the principal men
of Ithaca itself, are eating up my house under the pretext of paying
court to my mother, who will neither say point blank that she will
not marry, nor yet bring matters to an end, so they are making havoc
of my estate, and before long will do so with myself into the bargain.
The issue, however, rests with heavM
en. But do you, old friend Eumaeus,
go at once and tell Penelope that I am safe and have returned from
Pylos. Tell it to herself alone, and then come back here without letting
any one else know, for there are many who are plotting mischief against
"I understand and heed you," replied Eumaeus; "you need instruct me
no further, only I am going that way say whether I had not better
let poor Laertes know that you are returned. He used to superintend
the work on his farm in spite of his bitter sorrow aboM
and he would eat and drink at will along with his servants; but they
tell me that from the day on which you set out for Pylos he has neither
eaten nor drunk as he ought to do, nor does he look after his farm,
but sits weeping and wasting the flesh from off his bones."
"More's the pity," answered Telemachus, "I am sorry for him, but we
must leave him to himself just now. If people could have everything
their own way, the first thing I should choose would be the return
of my father; but go, and M
give your message; then make haste back
again, and do not turn out of your way to tell Laertes. Tell my mother
to send one of her women secretly with the news at once, and let him
Thus did he urge the swineherd; Eumaeus, therefore, took his sandals,
bound them to his feet, and started for the town. Minerva watched
him well off the station, and then came up to it in the form of a
woman- fair, stately, and wise. She stood against the side of the
entry, and revealed herself to Ulysses, buM
t Telemachus could not see
her, and knew not that she was there, for the gods do not let themselves
be seen by everybody. Ulysses saw her, and so did the dogs, for they
did not bark, but went scared and whining off to the other side of
the yards. She nodded her head and motioned to Ulysses with her eyebrows;
whereon he left the hut and stood before her outside the main wall
of the yards. Then she said to him:
"Ulysses, noble son of Laertes, it is now time for you to tell your
son: do not keep him in the M
dark any longer, but lay your plans for
the destruction of the suitors, and then make for the town. I will
not be long in joining you, for I too am eager for the fray."
As she spoke she touched him with her golden wand. First she threw
a fair clean shirt and cloak about his shoulders; then she made him
younger and of more imposing presence; she gave him back his colour,
filled out his cheeks, and let his beard become dark again. Then she
went away and Ulysses came back inside the hut. His son was astoundedM
when he saw him, and turned his eyes away for fear he might be looking
"Stranger," said he, "how suddenly you have changed from what you
were a moment or two ago. You are dressed differently and your colour
is not the same. Are you some one or other of the gods that live in
heaven? If so, be propitious to me till I can make you due sacrifice
and offerings of wrought gold. Have mercy upon me."
And Ulysses said, "I am no god, why should you take me for one? I
am your father, on whose accouM
nt you grieve and suffer so much at
the hands of lawless men."
As he spoke he kissed his son, and a tear fell from his cheek on to
the ground, for he had restrained all tears till now. but Telemachus
could not yet believe that it was his father, and said:
"You are not my father, but some god is flattering me with vain hopes
that I may grieve the more hereafter; no mortal man could of himself
contrive to do as you have been doing, and make yourself old and young
at a moment's notice, unless a god were M
with him. A second ago you
were old and all in rags, and now you are like some god come down
Ulysses answered, "Telemachus, you ought not to be so immeasurably
astonished at my being really here. There is no other Ulysses who
will come hereafter. Such as I am, it is I, who after long wandering
and much hardship have got home in the twentieth year to my own country.
What you wonder at is the work of the redoubtable goddess Minerva,
who does with me whatever she will, for she can do what she M
At one moment she makes me like a beggar, and the next I am a young
man with good clothes on my back; it is an easy matter for the gods
who live in heaven to make any man look either rich or poor."
As he spoke he sat down, and Telemachus threw his arms about his father
and wept. They were both so much moved that they cried aloud like
eagles or vultures with crooked talons that have been robbed of their
half fledged young by peasants. Thus piteously did they weep, and
the sun would have gone down M
upon their mourning if Telemachus had
not suddenly said, "In what ship, my dear father, did your crew bring
you to Ithaca? Of what nation did they declare themselves to be- for
you cannot have come by land?"
"I will tell you the truth, my son," replied Ulysses. "It was the
Phaeacians who brought me here. They are great sailors, and are in
the habit of giving escorts to any one who reaches their coasts. They
took me over the sea while I was fast asleep, and landed me in Ithaca,
after giving me many presenM
ts in bronze, gold, and raiment. These
things by heaven's mercy are lying concealed in a cave, and I am now
come here on the suggestion of Minerva that we may consult about killing
our enemies. First, therefore, give me a list of the suitors, with
their number, that I may learn who, and how many, they are. I can
then turn the matter over in my mind, and see whether we two can fight
the whole body of them ourselves, or whether we must find others to
To this Telemachus answered, "Father, I have aM
renown both in the field and in council, but the task you talk of
is a very great one: I am awed at the mere thought of it; two men
cannot stand against many and brave ones. There are not ten suitors
only, nor twice ten, but ten many times over; you shall learn their
number at once. There are fifty-two chosen youths from Dulichium,
and they have six servants; from Same there are twenty-four; twenty
young Achaeans from Zacynthus, and twelve from Ithaca itself, all
of them well born. They M
have with them a servant Medon, a bard, and
two men who can carve at table. If we face such numbers as this, you
may have bitter cause to rue your coming, and your revenge. See whether
you cannot think of some one who would be willing to come and help
"Listen to me," replied Ulysses, "and think whether Minerva and her
father Jove may seem sufficient, or whether I am to try and find some
"Those whom you have named," answered Telemachus, "are a couple of
good allies, for though M
they dwell high up among the clouds they have
power over both gods and men."
"These two," continued Ulysses, "will not keep long out of the fray,
when the suitors and we join fight in my house. Now, therefore, return
home early to-morrow morning, and go about among the suitors as before.
Later on the swineherd will bring me to the city disguised as a miserable
old beggar. If you see them ill-treating me, steel your heart against
my sufferings; even though they drag me feet foremost out of the house,
hrow things at me, look on and do nothing beyond gently trying
to make them behave more reasonably; but they will not listen to you,
for the day of their reckoning is at hand. Furthermore I say, and
lay my saying to your heart, when Minerva shall put it in my mind,
I will nod my head to you, and on seeing me do this you must collect
all the armour that is in the house and hide it in the strong store
room. Make some excuse when the suitors ask you why you are removing
it; say that you have taken it to be out M
of the way of the smoke,
inasmuch as it is no longer what it was when Ulysses went away, but
has become soiled and begrimed with soot. Add to this more particularly
that you are afraid Jove may set them on to quarrel over their wine,
and that they may do each other some harm which may disgrace both
banquet and wooing, for the sight of arms sometimes tempts people
to use them. But leave a sword and a spear apiece for yourself and
me, and a couple oxhide shields so that we can snatch them up at any
ve and Minerva will then soon quiet these people. There
is also another matter; if you are indeed my son and my blood runs
in your veins, let no one know that Ulysses is within the house- neither
Laertes, nor yet the swineherd, nor any of the servants, nor even
Penelope herself. Let you and me exploit the women alone, and let
us also make trial of some other of the men servants, to see who is
on our side and whose hand is against us."
"Father," replied Telemachus, "you will come to know me by and by,
when you do you will find that I can keep your counsel. I do not
think, however, the plan you propose will turn out well for either
of us. Think it over. It will take us a long time to go the round
of the farms and exploit the men, and all the time the suitors will
be wasting your estate with impunity and without compunction. Prove
the women by all means, to see who are disloyal and who guiltless,
but I am not in favour of going round and trying the men. We can attend
to that later on, if you really have soM
me sign from Jove that he will
Thus did they converse, and meanwhile the ship which had brought Telemachus
and his crew from Pylos had reached the town of Ithaca. When they
had come inside the harbour they drew the ship on to the land; their
servants came and took their armour from them, and they left all the
presents at the house of Clytius. Then they sent a servant to tell
Penelope that Telemachus had gone into the country, but had sent the
ship to the town to prevent her from being alarmM
ed and made unhappy.
This servant and Eumaeus happened to meet when they were both on the
same errand of going to tell Penelope. When they reached the House,
the servant stood up and said to the queen in the presence of the
waiting women, "Your son, Madam, is now returned from Pylos"; but
Eumaeus went close up to Penelope, and said privately that her son
had given bidden him tell her. When he had given his message he left
the house with its outbuildings and went back to his pigs again.
The suitors were suM
rprised and angry at what had happened, so they
went outside the great wall that ran round the outer court, and held
a council near the main entrance. Eurymachus, son of Polybus, was
the first to speak.
"My friends," said he, "this voyage of Telemachus's is a very serious
matter; we had made sure that it would come to nothing. Now, however,
let us draw a ship into the water, and get a crew together to send
after the others and tell them to come back as fast as they can."
He had hardly done speaking wheM
n Amphinomus turned in his place and
saw the ship inside the harbour, with the crew lowering her sails,
and putting by their oars; so he laughed, and said to the others,
"We need not send them any message, for they are here. Some god must
have told them, or else they saw the ship go by, and could not overtake
On this they rose and went to the water side. The crew then drew the
ship on shore; their servants took their armour from them, and they
went up in a body to the place of assembly, but they wouM
any one old or young sit along with them, and Antinous, son of Eupeithes,
"Good heavens," said he, "see how the gods have saved this man from
destruction. We kept a succession of scouts upon the headlands all
day long, and when the sun was down we never went on shore to sleep,
but waited in the ship all night till morning in the hope of capturing
and killing him; but some god has conveyed him home in spite of us.
Let us consider how we can make an end of him. He must not escape
s; our affair is never likely to come off while is alive, for he
is very shrewd, and public feeling is by no means all on our side.
We must make haste before he can call the Achaeans in assembly; he
will lose no time in doing so, for he will be furious with us, and
will tell all the world how we plotted to kill him, but failed to
take him. The people will not like this when they come to know of
it; we must see that they do us no hurt, nor drive us from our own
country into exile. Let us try and lay hold of hM
im either on his farm
away from the town, or on the road hither. Then we can divide up his
property amongst us, and let his mother and the man who marries her
have the house. If this does not please you, and you wish Telemachus
to live on and hold his father's property, then we must not gather
here and eat up his goods in this way, but must make our offers to
Penelope each from his own house, and she can marry the man who will
give the most for her, and whose lot it is to win her."
They all held their peM
ace until Amphinomus rose to speak. He was the
son of Nisus, who was son to king Aretias, and he was foremost among
all the suitors from the wheat-growing and well grassed island of
Dulichium; his conversation, moreover, was more agreeable to Penelope
than that of any of the other for he was a man of good natural disposition.
"My friends," said he, speaking to them plainly and in all honestly,
"I am not in favour of killing Telemachus. It is a heinous thing to
kill one who is of noble blood. Let us first takM
e counsel of the gods,
and if the oracles of Jove advise it, I will both help to kill him
myself, and will urge everyone else to do so; but if they dissuade
us, I would have you hold your hands."
Thus did he speak, and his words pleased them well, so they rose forthwith
and went to the house of Ulysses where they took their accustomed
Then Penelope resolved that she would show herself to the suitors.
She knew of the plot against Telemachus, for the servant Medon had
overheard their counsels anM
d had told her; she went down therefore
to the court attended by her maidens, and when she reached the suitors
she stood by one of the bearing-posts supporting the roof of the cloister
holding a veil before her face, and rebuked Antinous saying:
"Antinous, insolent and wicked schemer, they say you are the best
speaker and counsellor of any man your own age in Ithaca, but you
are nothing of the kind. Madman, why should you try to compass the
death of Telemachus, and take no heed of suppliants, whose witnessM
is Jove himself? It is not right for you to plot thus against one
another. Do you not remember how your father fled to this house in
fear of the people, who were enraged against him for having gone with
some Taphian pirates and plundered the Thesprotians who were at peace
with us? They wanted to tear him in pieces and eat up everything he
had, but Ulysses stayed their hands although they were infuriated,
and now you devour his property without paying for it, and break my
heart by his wooing his wife and trM
ying to kill his son. Leave off
doing so, and stop the others also."
To this Eurymachus son of Polybus answered, "Take heart, Queen Penelope
daughter of Icarius, and do not trouble yourself about these matters.
The man is not yet born, nor never will be, who shall lay hands upon
your son Telemachus, while I yet live to look upon the face of the
earth. I say- and it shall surely be- that my spear shall be reddened
with his blood; for many a time has Ulysses taken me on his knees,
held wine up to my lips tM
o drink, and put pieces of meat into my hands.
Therefore Telemachus is much the dearest friend I have, and has nothing
to fear from the hands of us suitors. Of course, if death comes to
him from the gods, he cannot escape it." He said this to quiet her,
but in reality he was plotting against Telemachus.
Then Penelope went upstairs again and mourned her husband till Minerva
shed sleep over her eyes. In the evening Eumaeus got back to Ulysses
and his son, who had just sacrificed a young pig of a year old anM
were ready; helping one another to get supper ready; Minerva therefore
came up to Ulysses, turned him into an old man with a stroke of her
wand, and clad him in his old clothes again, for fear that the swineherd
might recognize him and not keep the secret, but go and tell Penelope.
Telemachus was the first to speak. "So you have got back, Eumaeus,"
said he. "What is the news of the town? Have the suitors returned,
or are they still waiting over yonder, to take me on my way home?"
"I did not think of aM
sking about that," replied Eumaeus, "when I was
in the town. I thought I would give my message and come back as soon
as I could. I met a man sent by those who had gone with you to Pylos,
and he was the first to tell the new your mother, but I can say what
I saw with my own eyes; I had just got on to the crest of the hill
of Mercury above the town when I saw a ship coming into harbour with
a number of men in her. They had many shields and spears, and I thought
it was the suitors, but I cannot be sure."
hearing this Telemachus smiled to his father, but so that Eumaeus
Then, when they had finished their work and the meal was ready, they
ate it, and every man had his full share so that all were satisfied.
As soon as they had had enough to eat and drink, they laid down to
rest and enjoyed the boon of sleep.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
When the child of morning, rosy-fingered Dawn, appeared, Telemachus
bound on his sandals and M
took a strong spear that suited his hands,
for he wanted to go into the city. "Old friend," said he to the swineherd,
"I will now go to the town and show myself to my mother, for she will
never leave off grieving till she has seen me. As for this unfortunate
stranger, take him to the town and let him beg there of any one who
will give him a drink and a piece of bread. I have trouble enough
of my own, and cannot be burdened with other people. If this makes
him angry so much the worse for him, but I like to saM
Then Ulysses said, "Sir, I do not want to stay here; a beggar can
always do better in town than country, for any one who likes can give
him something. I am too old to care about remaining here at the beck
and call of a master. Therefore let this man do as you have just told
him, and take me to the town as soon as I have had a warm by the fire,
and the day has got a little heat in it. My clothes are wretchedly
thin, and this frosty morning I shall be perished with cold, for you
On this Telemachus strode off through the yards, brooding his revenge
upon the When he reached home he stood his spear against a bearing-post
of the cloister, crossed the stone floor of the cloister itself, and
Nurse Euryclea saw him long before any one else did. She was putting
the fleeces on to the seats, and she burst out crying as she ran up
to him; all the other maids came up too, and covered his head and
shoulders with their kisses. Penelope came out of her room lM
like Diana or Venus, and wept as she flung her arms about her son.
She kissed his forehead and both his beautiful eyes, "Light of my
eyes," she cried as she spoke fondly to him, "so you are come home
again; I made sure I was never going to see you any more. To think
of your having gone off to Pylos without saying anything about it
or obtaining my consent. But come, tell me what you saw."
"Do not scold me, mother,' answered Telemachus, "nor vex me, seeing
what a narrow escape I have had, but wash yoM
ur face, change your dress,
go upstairs with your maids, and promise full and sufficient hecatombs
to all the gods if Jove will only grant us our revenge upon the suitors.
I must now go to the place of assembly to invite a stranger who has
come back with me from Pylos. I sent him on with my crew, and told
Piraeus to take him home and look after him till I could come for
She heeded her son's words, washed her face, changed her dress, and
vowed full and sufficient hecatombs to all the gods if M
only vouchsafe her revenge upon the suitors.
Telemachus went through, and out of, the cloisters spear in hand-
not alone, for his two fleet dogs went with him. Minerva endowed him
with a presence of such divine comeliness that all marvelled at him
as he went by, and the suitors gathered round him with fair words
in their mouths and malice in their hearts; but he avoided them, and
went to sit with Mentor, Antiphus, and Halitherses, old friends of
his father's house, and they made him tell them M
all that had happened
to him. Then Piraeus came up with Theoclymenus, whom he had escorted
through the town to the place of assembly, whereon Telemachus at once
joined them. Piraeus was first to speak: "Telemachus," said he, "I
wish you would send some of your women to my house to take awa the
presents Menelaus gave you."
"We do not know, Piraeus," answered Telemachus, "what may happen.
If the suitors kill me in my own house and divide my property among
them, I would rather you had the presents than thatM
any of those people
should get hold of them. If on the other hand I manage to kill them,
I shall be much obliged if you will kindly bring me my presents."
With these words he took Theoclymenus to his own house. When they
got there they laid their cloaks on the benches and seats, went into
the baths, and washed themselves. When the maids had washed and anointed
them, and had given them cloaks and shirts, they took their seats
at table. A maid servant then brought them water in a beautiful golden
poured it into a silver basin for them to wash their hands;
and she drew a clean table beside them. An upper servant brought them
bread and offered them many good things of what there was in the house.
Opposite them sat Penelope, reclining on a couch by one of the bearing-posts
of the cloister, and spinning. Then they laid their hands on the good
things that were before them, and as soon as they had had enough to
eat and drink Penelope said:
"Telemachus, I shall go upstairs and lie down on that sad couchM
I have not ceased to water with my tears, from the day Ulysses set
out for Troy with the sons of Atreus. You failed, however, to make
it clear to me before the suitors came back to the house, whether
or no you had been able to hear anything about the return of your
"I will tell you then truth," replied her son. "We went to Pylos and
saw Nestor, who took me to his house and treated me as hospitably
as though I were a son of his own who had just returned after a long
absence; so also did M
his sons; but he said he had not heard a word
from any human being about Ulysses, whether he was alive or dead.
He sent me, therefore, with a chariot and horses to Menelaus. There
I saw Helen, for whose sake so many, both Argives and Trojans, were
in heaven's wisdom doomed to suffer. Menelaus asked me what it was
that had brought me to Lacedaemon, and I told him the whole truth,
whereon he said, 'So, then, these cowards would usurp a brave man's
bed? A hind might as well lay her new-born young in the lair ofM
lion, and then go off to feed in the forest or in some grassy dell.
The lion, when he comes back to his lair, will make short work with
the pair of them, and so will Ulysses with these suitors. By father
Jove, Minerva, and Apollo, if Ulysses is still the man that he was
when he wrestled with Philomeleides in Lesbos, and threw him so heavily
that all the Greeks cheered him- if he is still such, and were to
come near these suitors, they would have a short shrift and a sorry
wedding. As regards your questioM
n, however, I will not prevaricate
nor deceive you, but what the old man of the sea told me, so much
will I tell you in full. He said he could see Ulysses on an island
sorrowing bitterly in the house of the nymph Calypso, who was keeping
him prisoner, and he could not reach his home, for he had no ships
nor sailors to take him over the sea.' This was what Menelaus told
me, and when I had heard his story I came away; the gods then gave
me a fair wind and soon brought me safe home again."
he moved the heart of Penelope. Then Theoclymenus
"Madam, wife of Ulysses, Telemachus does not understand these things;
listen therefore to me, for I can divine them surely, and will hide
nothing from you. May Jove the king of heaven be my witness, and the
rites of hospitality, with that hearth of Ulysses to which I now come,
that Ulysses himself is even now in Ithaca, and, either going about
the country or staying in one place, is enquiring into all these evil
deeds and preparing a day of rM
eckoning for the suitors. I saw an omen
when I was on the ship which meant this, and I told Telemachus about
"May it be even so," answered Penelope; "if your words come true,
you shall have such gifts and such good will from me that all who
see you shall congratulate you."
Thus did they converse. Meanwhile the suitors were throwing discs,
or aiming with spears at a mark on the levelled ground in front of
the house, and behaving with all their old insolence. But when it
was now time for dinner, aM
nd the flock of sheep and goats had come
into the town from all the country round, with their shepherds as
usual, then Medon, who was their favourite servant, and who waited
upon them at table, said, "Now then, my young masters, you have had
enough sport, so come inside that we may get dinner ready. Dinner
is not a bad thing, at dinner time."
They left their sports as he told them, and when they were within
the house, they laid their cloaks on the benches and seats inside,
and then sacrificed some sheep,M
goats, pigs, and a heifer, all of
them fat and well grown. Thus they made ready for their meal. In the
meantime Ulysses and the swineherd were about starting for the town,
and the swineherd said, "Stranger, I suppose you still want to go
to town to-day, as my master said you were to do; for my own part
I should have liked you to stay here as a station hand, but I must
do as my master tells me, or he will scold me later on, and a scolding
from one's master is a very serious thing. Let us then be off, for
is now broad day; it will be night again directly and then you
will find it colder."
"I know, and understand you," replied Ulysses; "you need say no more.
Let us be going, but if you have a stick ready cut, let me have it
to walk with, for you say the road is a very rough one."
As he spoke he threw his shabby old tattered wallet over his shoulders,
by the cord from which it hung, and Eumaeus gave him a stick to his
liking. The two then started, leaving the station in charge of the
dogs and herdsmen whM
o remained behind; the swineherd led the way and
his master followed after, looking like some broken-down old tramp
as he leaned upon his staff, and his clothes were all in rags. When
they had got over the rough steep ground and were nearing the city,
they reached the fountain from which the citizens drew their water.
This had been made by Ithacus, Neritus, and Polyctor. There was a
grove of water-loving poplars planted in a circle all round it, and
the clear cold water came down to it from a rock high up, wM
the fountain there was an altar to the nymphs, at which all wayfarers
used to sacrifice. Here Melanthius son of Dolius overtook them as
he was driving down some goats, the best in his flock, for the suitors'
dinner, and there were two shepherds with him. When he saw Eumaeus
and Ulysses he reviled them with outrageous and unseemly language,
which made Ulysses very angry.
"There you go," cried he, "and a precious pair you are. See how heaven
brings birds of the same feather to one another. WhereM
swineherd, are you taking this poor miserable object? It would make
any one sick to see such a creature at table. A fellow like this never
won a prize for anything in his life, but will go about rubbing his
shoulders against every man's door post, and begging, not for swords
and cauldrons like a man, but only for a few scraps not worth begging
for. If you would give him to me for a hand on my station, he might
do to clean out the folds, or bring a bit of sweet feed to the kids,
atten his thighs as much as he pleased on whey; but
he has taken to bad ways and will not go about any kind of work; he
will do nothing but beg victuals all the town over, to feed his insatiable
belly. I say, therefore and it shall surely be- if he goes near Ulysses'
house he will get his head broken by the stools they will fling at
him, till they turn him out."
On this, as he passed, he gave Ulysses a kick on the hip out of pure
wantonness, but Ulysses stood firm, and did not budge from the path.
moment he doubted whether or no to fly at Melanthius and kill
him with his staff, or fling him to the ground and beat his brains
out; he resolved, however, to endure it and keep himself in check,
but the swineherd looked straight at Melanthius and rebuked him, lifting
up his hands and praying to heaven as he did so.
"Fountain nymphs," he cried, "children of Jove, if ever Ulysses burned
you thigh bones covered with fat whether of lambs or kids, grant my
prayer that heaven may send him home. He would soon pM
the swaggering threats with which such men as you go about insulting
people-gadding all over the town while your flocks are going to ruin
through bad shepherding."
Then Melanthius the goatherd answered, "You ill-conditioned cur, what
are you talking about? Some day or other I will put you on board ship
and take you to a foreign country, where I can sell you and pocket
the money you will fetch. I wish I were as sure that Apollo would
strike Telemachus dead this very day, or that the suitors wM
him, as I am that Ulysses will never come home again."
With this he left them to come on at their leisure, while he went
quickly forward and soon reached the house of his master. When he
got there he went in and took his seat among the suitors opposite
Eurymachus, who liked him better than any of the others. The servants
brought him a portion of meat, and an upper woman servant set bread
before him that he might eat. Presently Ulysses and the swineherd
came up to the house and stood by it, amidM
a sound of music, for Phemius
was just beginning to sing to the suitors. Then Ulysses took hold
of the swineherd's hand, and said:
"Eumaeus, this house of Ulysses is a very fine place. No matter how
far you go you will find few like it. One building keeps following
on after another. The outer court has a wall with battlements all
round it; the doors are double folding, and of good workmanship; it
would be a hard matter to take it by force of arms. I perceive, too,
that there are many people banqueting wM
ithin it, for there is a smell
of roast meat, and I hear a sound of music, which the gods have made
to go along with feasting."
Then Eumaeus said, "You have perceived aright, as indeed you generally
do; but let us think what will be our best course. Will you go inside
first and join the suitors, leaving me here behind you, or will you
wait here and let me go in first? But do not wait long, or some one
may you loitering about outside, and throw something at you. Consider
this matter I pray you."
lysses answered, "I understand and heed. Go in first and leave
me here where I am. I am quite used to being beaten and having things
thrown at me. I have been so much buffeted about in war and by sea
that I am case-hardened, and this too may go with the rest. But a
man cannot hide away the cravings of a hungry belly; this is an enemy
which gives much trouble to all men; it is because of this that ships
are fitted out to sail the seas, and to make war upon other people."
As they were thus talking, a dog thaM
t had been lying asleep raised
his head and pricked up his ears. This was Argos, whom Ulysses had
bred before setting out for Troy, but he had never had any work out
of him. In the old days he used to be taken out by the young men when
they went hunting wild goats, or deer, or hares, but now that his
master was gone he was lying neglected on the heaps of mule and cow
dung that lay in front of the stable doors till the men should come
and draw it away to manure the great close; and he was full of fleas.
oon as he saw Ulysses standing there, he dropped his ears and
wagged his tail, but he could not get close up to his master. When
Ulysses saw the dog on the other side of the yard, dashed a tear from
his eyes without Eumaeus seeing it, and said:
"Eumaeus, what a noble hound that is over yonder on the manure heap:
his build is splendid; is he as fine a fellow as he looks, or is he
only one of those dogs that come begging about a table, and are kept
"This hound," answered Eumaeus, "beloM
nged to him who has died in a
far country. If he were what he was when Ulysses left for Troy, he
would soon show you what he could do. There was not a wild beast in
the forest that could get away from him when he was once on its tracks.
But now he has fallen on evil times, for his master is dead and gone,
and the women take no care of him. Servants never do their work when
their master's hand is no longer over them, for Jove takes half the
goodness out of a man when he makes a slave of him."
he went inside the buildings to the cloister where the
suitors were, but Argos died as soon as he had recognized his master.
Telemachus saw Eumaeus long before any one else did, and beckoned
him to come and sit beside him; so he looked about and saw a seat
lying near where the carver sat serving out their portions to the
suitors; he picked it up, brought it to Telemachus's table, and sat
down opposite him. Then the servant brought him his portion, and gave
him bread from the bread-basket.
fterwards Ulysses came inside, looking like a poor miserable
old beggar, leaning on his staff and with his clothes all in rags.
He sat down upon the threshold of ash-wood just inside the doors leading
from the outer to the inner court, and against a bearing-post of cypress-wood
which the carpenter had skillfully planed, and had made to join truly
with rule and line. Telemachus took a whole loaf from the bread-basket,
with as much meat as he could hold in his two hands, and said to Eumaeus,
stranger, and tell him to go the round of the suitors,
and beg from them; a beggar must not be shamefaced."
So Eumaeus went up to him and said, "Stranger, Telemachus sends you
this, and says you are to go the round of the suitors begging, for
beggars must not be shamefaced."
Ulysses answered, "May King Jove grant all happiness to Telemachus,
and fulfil the desire of his heart."
Then with both hands he took what Telemachus had sent him, and laid
it on the dirty old wallet at his feet. He went on eatM
the bard was singing, and had just finished his dinner as he left
off. The suitors applauded the bard, whereon Minerva went up to Ulysses
and prompted him to beg pieces of bread from each one of the suitors,
that he might see what kind of people they were, and tell the good
from the bad; but come what might she was not going to save a single
one of them. Ulysses, therefore, went on his round, going from left
to right, and stretched out his hands to beg as though he were a real
hem pitied him, and were curious about him, asking
one another who he was and where he came from; whereon the goatherd
Melanthius said, "Suitors of my noble mistress, I can tell you something
about him, for I have seen him before. The swineherd brought him here,
but I know nothing about the man himself, nor where he comes from."
On this Antinous began to abuse the swineherd. "You precious idiot,"
he cried, "what have you brought this man to town for? Have we not
tramps and beggars enough already to pester M
us as we sit at meat?
Do you think it a small thing that such people gather here to waste
your master's property and must you needs bring this man as well?"
And Eumaeus answered, "Antinous, your birth is good but your words
evil. It was no doing of mine that he came here. Who is likely to
invite a stranger from a foreign country, unless it be one of those
who can do public service as a seer, a healer of hurts, a carpenter,
or a bard who can charm us with his Such men are welcome all the world
one is likely to ask a beggar who will only worry him.
You are always harder on Ulysses' servants than any of the other suitors
are, and above all on me, but I do not care so long as Telemachus
and Penelope are alive and here."
But Telemachus said, "Hush, do not answer him; Antinous has the bitterest
tongue of all the suitors, and he makes the others worse."
Then turning to Antinous he said, "Antinous, you take as much care
of my interests as though I were your son. Why should you want to
anger turned out of the house? Heaven forbid; take' something
and give it him yourself; I do not grudge it; I bid you take it. Never
mind my mother, nor any of the other servants in the house; but I
know you will not do what I say, for you are more fond of eating things
yourself than of giving them to other people."
"What do you mean, Telemachus," replied Antinous, "by this swaggering
talk? If all the suitors were to give him as much as I will, he would
not come here again for another three months."
s he spoke he drew the stool on which he rested his dainty feet from
under the table, and made as though he would throw it at Ulysses,
but the other suitors all gave him something, and filled his wallet
with bread and meat; he was about, therefore, to go back to the threshold
and eat what the suitors had given him, but he first went up to Antinous
"Sir, give me something; you are not, surely, the poorest man here;
you seem to be a chief, foremost among them all; therefore you should
er giver, and I will tell far and wide of your bounty.
I too was a rich man once, and had a fine house of my own; in those
days I gave to many a tramp such as I now am, no matter who he might
be nor what he wanted. I had any number of servants, and all the other
things which people have who live well and are accounted wealthy,
but it pleased Jove to take all away from me. He sent me with a band
of roving robbers to Egypt; it was a long voyage and I was undone
by it. I stationed my bade ships in the river AegM
men stay by them and keep guard over them, while sent out scouts to
reconnoitre from every point of vantage.
"But the men disobeyed my orders, took to their own devices, and ravaged
the land of the Egyptians, killing the men, and taking their wives
and children captives. The alarm was soon carried to the city, and
when they heard the war-cry, the people came out at daybreak till
the plain was filled with soldiers horse and foot, and with the gleam
of armour. Then Jove spread panic amonM
g my men, and they would no
longer face the enemy, for they found themselves surrounded. The Egyptians
killed many of us, and took the rest alive to do forced labour for
them; as for myself, they gave me to a friend who met them, to take
to Cyprus, Dmetor by name, son of Iasus, who was a great man in Cyprus.
Thence I am come hither in a state of great misery."
Then Antinous said, "What god can have sent such a pestilence to plague
us during our dinner? Get out, into the open part of the court, or
give you Egypt and Cyprus over again for your insolence and
importunity; you have begged of all the others, and they have given
you lavishly, for they have abundance round them, and it is easy to
be free with other people's property when there is plenty of it."
On this Ulysses began to move off, and said, "Your looks, my fine
sir, are better than your breeding; if you were in your own house
you would not spare a poor man so much as a pinch of salt, for though
you are in another man's, and surrounded with aM
bundance, you cannot
find it in you to give him even a piece of bread."
This made Antinous very angry, and he scowled at him saying, "You
shall pay for this before you get clear of the court." With these
words he threw a footstool at him, and hit him on the right shoulder-blade
near the top of his back. Ulysses stood firm as a rock and the blow
did not even stagger him, but he shook his head in silence as he brooded
on his revenge. Then he went back to the threshold and sat down there,
lled wallet at his feet.
"Listen to me," he cried, "you suitors of Queen Penelope, that I may
speak even as I am minded. A man knows neither ache nor pain if he
gets hit while fighting for his money, or for his sheep or his cattle;
and even so Antinous has hit me while in the service of my miserable
belly, which is always getting people into trouble. Still, if the
poor have gods and avenging deities at all, I pray them that Antinous
may come to a bad end before his marriage."
"Sit where you are, and eM
at your victuals in silence, or be off elsewhere,"
shouted Antinous. "If you say more I will have you dragged hand and
foot through the courts, and the servants shall flay you alive."
The other suitors were much displeased at this, and one of the young
men said, "Antinous, you did ill in striking that poor wretch of a
tramp: it will be worse for you if he should turn out to be some god-
and we know the gods go about disguised in all sorts of ways as people
from foreign countries, and travel about the worldM
to see who do amiss
and who righteously."
Thus said the suitors, but Antinous paid them no heed. Meanwhile Telemachus
was furious about the blow that had been given to his father, and
though no tear fell from him, he shook his head in silence and brooded
Now when Penelope heard that the beggar had been struck in the banqueting-cloister,
she said before her maids, "Would that Apollo would so strike you,
Antinous," and her waiting woman Eurynome answered, "If our prayers
not one of the suitors would ever again see the sun
rise." Then Penelope said, "Nurse, I hate every single one of them,
for they mean nothing but mischief, but I hate Antinous like the darkness
of death itself. A poor unfortunate tramp has come begging about the
house for sheer want. Every one else has given him something to put
in his wallet, but Antinous has hit him on the right shoulder-blade
Thus did she talk with her maids as she sat in her own room, and in
the meantime Ulysses waM
s getting his dinner. Then she called for the
swineherd and said, "Eumaeus, go and tell the stranger to come here,
I want to see him and ask him some questions. He seems to have travelled
much, and he may have seen or heard something of my unhappy husband."
To this you answered, O swineherd Eumaeus, "If these Achaeans, Madam,
would only keep quiet, you would be charmed with the history of his
adventures. I had him three days and three nights with me in my hut,
which was the first place he reached after runM
ning away from his ship,
and he has not yet completed the story of his misfortunes. If he had
been the most heaven-taught minstrel in the whole world, on whose
lips all hearers hang entranced, I could not have been more charmed
as I sat in my hut and listened to him. He says there is an old friendship
between his house and that of Ulysses, and that he comes from Crete
where the descendants of Minos live, after having been driven hither
and thither by every kind of misfortune; he also declares that he
ard of Ulysses as being alive and near at hand among the Thesprotians,
and that he is bringing great wealth home with him."
"Call him here, then," said Penelope, "that I too may hear his story.
As for the suitors, let them take their pleasure indoors or out as
they will, for they have nothing to fret about. Their corn and wine
remain unwasted in their houses with none but servants to consume
them, while they keep hanging about our house day after day sacrificing
our oxen, sheep, and fat goats for their baM
nquets, and never giving
so much as a thought to the quantity of wine they drink. No estate
can stand such recklessness, for we have now no Ulysses to protect
us. If he were to come again, he and his son would soon have their
As she spoke Telemachus sneezed so loudly that the whole house resounded
with it. Penelope laughed when she heard this, and said to Eumaeus,
"Go and call the stranger; did you not hear how my son sneezed just
as I was speaking? This can only mean that all the suitors are gM
to be killed, and that not one of them shall escape. Furthermore I
say, and lay my saying to your heart: if I am satisfied that the stranger
is speaking the truth I shall give him a shirt and cloak of good wear."
When Eumaeus heard this he went straight to Ulysses and said, "Father
stranger, my mistress Penelope, mother of Telemachus, has sent for
you; she is in great grief, but she wishes to hear anything you can
tell her about her husband, and if she is satisfied that you are speaking
e will give you a shirt and cloak, which are the very
things that you are most in want of. As for bread, you can get enough
of that to fill your belly, by begging about the town, and letting
those give that will."
"I will tell Penelope," answered Ulysses, "nothing but what is strictly
true. I know all about her husband, and have been partner with him
in affliction, but I am afraid of passing. through this crowd of cruel
suitors, for their pride and insolence reach heaven. Just now, moreover,
ng about the house without doing any harm, a man gave
me a blow that hurt me very much, but neither Telemachus nor any one
else defended me. Tell Penelope, therefore, to be patient and wait
till sundown. Let her give me a seat close up to the fire, for my
clothes are worn very thin- you know they are, for you have seen them
ever since I first asked you to help me- she can then ask me about
the return of her husband."
The swineherd went back when he heard this, and Penelope said as she
saw him cross the tM
hreshold, "Why do you not bring him here, Eumaeus?
Is he afraid that some one will ill-treat him, or is he shy of coming
inside the house at all? Beggars should not be shamefaced."
To this you answered, O swineherd Eumaeus, "The stranger is quite
reasonable. He is avoiding the suitors, and is only doing what any
one else would do. He asks you to wait till sundown, and it will be
much better, madam, that you should have him all to yourself, when
you can hear him and talk to him as you will."
no fool," answered Penelope, "it would very likely be
as he says, for there are no such abominable people in the whole world
When she had done speaking Eumaeus went back to the suitors, for he
had explained everything. Then he went up to Telemachus and said in
his ear so that none could overhear him, "My dear sir, I will now
go back to the pigs, to see after your property and my own business.
You will look to what is going on here, but above all be careful to
keep out of danger, for tM
here are many who bear you ill will. May
Jove bring them to a bad end before they do us a mischief."
"Very well," replied Telemachus, "go home when you have had your dinner,
and in the morning come here with the victims we are to sacrifice
for the day. Leave the rest to heaven and me."
On this Eumaeus took his seat again, and when he had finished his
dinner he left the courts and the cloister with the men at table,
and went back to his pigs. As for the suitors, they presently began
to amuse themselves M
with singing and dancing, for it was now getting
on towards evening.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Now there came a certain common tramp who used to go begging all
over the city of Ithaca, and was notorious as an incorrigible glutton
and drunkard. This man had no strength nor stay in him, but he was
a great hulking fellow to look at; his real name, the one his mother
gave him, was Arnaeus, but the young men of the place called him Irus,
used to run errands for any one who would send him. As
soon as he came he began to insult Ulysses, and to try and drive him
out of his own house.
"Be off, old man," he cried, "from the doorway, or you shall be dragged
out neck and heels. Do you not see that they are all giving me the
wink, and wanting me to turn you out by force, only I do not like
to do so? Get up then, and go of yourself, or we shall come to blows."
Ulysses frowned on him and said, "My friend, I do you no manner of
you a great deal, but I am not jealous. There is
room enough in this doorway for the pair of us, and you need not grudge
me things that are not yours to give. You seem to be just such another
tramp as myself, but perhaps the gods will give us better luck by
and by. Do not, however, talk too much about fighting or you will
incense me, and old though I am, I shall cover your mouth and chest
with blood. I shall have more peace to-morrow if I do, for you will
not come to the house of Ulysses any more."
was very angry and answered, "You filthy glutton, you run on
trippingly like an old fish-fag. I have a good mind to lay both hands
about you, and knock your teeth out of your head like so many boar's
tusks. Get ready, therefore, and let these people here stand by and
look on. You will never be able to fight one who is so much younger
Thus roundly did they rate one another on the smooth pavement in front
of the doorway, and when Antinous saw what was going on he laughed
heartily and said tM
o the others, "This is the finest sport that you
ever saw; heaven never yet sent anything like it into this house.
The stranger and Irus have quarreled and are going to fight, let us
set them on to do so at once."
The suitors all came up laughing, and gathered round the two ragged
tramps. "Listen to me," said Antinous, "there are some goats' paunches
down at the fire, which we have filled with blood and fat, and set
aside for supper; he who is victorious and proves himself to be the
better man shall haveM
his pick of the lot; he shall be free of our
table and we will not allow any other beggar about the house at all."
The others all agreed, but Ulysses, to throw them off the scent, said,
"Sirs, an old man like myself, worn out with suffering, cannot hold
his own against a young one; but my irrepressible belly urges me on,
though I know it can only end in my getting a drubbing. You must swear,
however that none of you will give me a foul blow to favour Irus and
secure him the victory."
told them, and when they had completed their oath
Telemachus put in a word and said, "Stranger, if you have a mind to
settle with this fellow, you need not be afraid of any one here. Whoever
strikes you will have to fight more than one. I am host, and the other
chiefs, Antinous and Eurymachus, both of them men of understanding,
are of the same mind as I am."
Every one assented, and Ulysses girded his old rags about his loins,
thus baring his stalwart thighs, his broad chest and shoulders, and
arms; but Minerva came up to him and made his limbs even
stronger still. The suitors were beyond measure astonished, and one
would turn towards his neighbour saying, "The stranger has brought
such a thigh out of his old rags that there will soon be nothing left
Irus began to be very uneasy as he heard them, but the servants girded
him by force, and brought him [into the open part of the court] in
such a fright that his limbs were all of a tremble. Antinous scolded
him and said, "You swaggering M
bully, you ought never to have been
born at all if you are afraid of such an old broken-down creature
as this tramp is. I say, therefore- and it shall surely be- if he
beats you and proves himself the better man, I shall pack you off
on board ship to the mainland and send you to king Echetus, who kills
every one that comes near him. He will cut off your nose and ears,
and draw out your entrails for the dogs to eat."
This frightened Irus still more, but they brought him into the middle
of the court, and tM
he two men raised their hands to fight. Then Ulysses
considered whether he should let drive so hard at him as to make an
end of him then and there, or whether he should give him a lighter
blow that should only knock him down; in the end he deemed it best
to give the lighter blow for fear the Achaeans should begin to suspect
who he was. Then they began to fight, and Irus hit Ulysses on the
right shoulder; but Ulysses gave Irus a blow on the neck under the
ear that broke in the bones of his skull, and the blooM
out of his mouth; he fell groaning in the dust, gnashing his teeth
and kicking on the ground, but the suitors threw up their hands and
nearly died of laughter, as Ulysses caught hold of him by the foot
and dragged him into the outer court as far as the gate-house. There
he propped him up against the wall and put his staff in his hands.
"Sit here," said he, "and keep the dogs and pigs off; you are a pitiful
creature, and if you try to make yourself king of the beggars any
more you shall fare sM
Then he threw his dirty old wallet, all tattered and torn, over his
shoulder with the cord by which it hung, and went back to sit down
upon the threshold; but the suitors went within the cloisters, laughing
and saluting him, "May Jove, and all the other gods," said they, 'grant
you whatever you want for having put an end to the importunity of
this insatiable tramp. We will take him over to the mainland presently,
to king Echetus, who kills every one that comes near him."
s as of good omen, and Antinous set a great goat's
paunch before him filled with blood and fat. Amphinomus took two loaves
out of the bread-basket and brought them to him, pledging him as he
did so in a golden goblet of wine. "Good luck to you," he said, "father
stranger, you are very badly off at present, but I hope you will have
better times by and by."
To this Ulysses answered, "Amphinomus, you seem to be a man of good
understanding, as indeed you may well be, seeing whose son you are.
ur father well spoken of; he is Nisus of Dulichium,
a man both brave and wealthy. They tell me you are his son, and you
appear to be a considerable person; listen, therefore, and take heed
to what I am saying. Man is the vainest of all creatures that have
their being upon earth. As long as heaven vouchsafes him health and
strength, he thinks that he shall come to no harm hereafter, and even
when the blessed gods bring sorrow upon him, he bears it as he needs
must, and makes the best of it; for God Almighty gM
ives men their daily
minds day by day. I know all about it, for I was a rich man once,
and did much wrong in the stubbornness of my pride, and in the confidence
that my father and my brothers would support me; therefore let a man
fear God in all things always, and take the good that heaven may see
fit to send him without vainglory. Consider the infamy of what these
suitors are doing; see how they are wasting the estate, and doing
dishonour to the wife, of one who is certain to return some day, and
, not long hence. Nay, he will be here soon; may heaven send
you home quietly first that you may not meet with him in the day of
his coming, for once he is here the suitors and he will not part bloodlessly."
With these words he made a drink-offering, and when he had drunk he
put the gold cup again into the hands of Amphinomus, who walked away
serious and bowing his head, for he foreboded evil. But even so he
did not escape destruction, for Minerva had doomed him fall by the
hand of Telemachus. So he took hM
is seat again at the place from which
Then Minerva put it into the mind of Penelope to show herself to the
suitors, that she might make them still more enamoured of her, and
win still further honour from her son and husband. So she feigned
a mocking laugh and said, "Eurynome, I have changed my and have a
fancy to show myself to the suitors although I detest them. I should
like also to give my son a hint that he had better not have anything
more to do with them. They speak fairly enough but tM
"My dear child," answered Eurynome, "all that you have said is true,
go and tell your son about it, but first wash yourself and anoint
your face. Do not go about with your cheeks all covered with tears;
it is not right that you should grieve so incessantly; for Telemachus,
whom you always prayed that you might live to see with a beard, is
"I know, Eurynome," replied Penelope, "that you mean well, but do
not try and persuade me to wash and to anoint myself, for heaM
me of all my beauty on the day my husband sailed; nevertheless, tell
Autonoe and Hippodamia that I want them. They must be with me when
I am in the cloister; I am not going among the men alone; it would
not be proper for me to do so."
On this the old woman went out of the room to bid the maids go to
their mistress. In the meantime Minerva bethought her of another matter,
and sent Penelope off into a sweet slumber; so she lay down on her
couch and her limbs became heavy with sleep. Then the godM
grace and beauty over her that all the Achaeans might admire her.
She washed her face with the ambrosial loveliness that Venus wears
when she goes dancing with the Graces; she made her taller and of
a more commanding figure, while as for her complexion it was whiter
than sawn ivory. When Minerva had done all this she went away, whereon
the maids came in from the women's room and woke Penelope with the
sound of their talking.
"What an exquisitely delicious sleep I have been having," said she,
s she passed her hands over her face, "in spite of all my misery.
I wish Diana would let me die so sweetly now at this very moment,
that I might no longer waste in despair for the loss of my dear husband,
who possessed every kind of good quality and was the most distinguished
man among the Achaeans."
With these words she came down from her upper room, not alone but
attended by two of her maidens, and when she reached the suitors she
stood by one of the bearing-posts supporting the roof of the cloister,
olding a veil before her face, and with a staid maid servant on either
side of her. As they beheld her the suitors were so overpowered and
became so desperately enamoured of her, that each one prayed he might
win her for his own bed fellow.
"Telemachus," said she, addressing her son, "I fear you are no longer
so discreet and well conducted as you used to be. When you were younger
you had a greater sense of propriety; now, however, that you are grown
up, though a stranger to look at you would take you for M
a well-to-do father as far as size and good looks go, your conduct
is by no means what it should be. What is all this disturbance that
has been going on, and how came you to allow a stranger to be so disgracefully
ill-treated? What would have happened if he had suffered serious injury
while a suppliant in our house? Surely this would have been very discreditable
"I am not surprised, my dear mother, at your displeasure," replied
Telemachus, "I understand all about it and know when thinM
as they should be, which I could not do when I was younger; I cannot,
however, behave with perfect propriety at all times. First one and
then another of these wicked people here keeps driving me out of my
mind, and I have no one to stand by me. After all, however, this fight
between Irus and the stranger did not turn out as the suitors meant
it to do, for the stranger got the best of it. I wish Father Jove,
Minerva, and Apollo would break the neck of every one of these wooers
of yours, some insidM
e the house and some out; and I wish they might
all be as limp as Irus is over yonder in the gate of the outer court.
See how he nods his head like a drunken man; he has had such a thrashing
that he cannot stand on his feet nor get back to his home, wherever
that may be, for has no strength left in him."
Thus did they converse. Eurymachus then came up and said, "Queen Penelope,
daughter of Icarius, if all the Achaeans in Iasian Argos could see
you at this moment, you would have still more suitors in your M
by tomorrow morning, for you are the most admirable woman in the whole
world both as regards personal beauty and strength of understanding."
To this Penelope replied, "Eurymachus, heaven robbed me of all my
beauty whether of face or figure when the Argives set sail for Troy
and my dear husband with them. If he were to return and look after
my affairs, I should both be more respected and show a better presence
to the world. As it is, I am oppressed with care, and with the afflictions
seen fit to heap upon me. My husband foresaw it all,
and when he was leaving home he took my right wrist in his hand- 'Wife,
'he said, 'we shall not all of us come safe home from Troy, for the
Trojans fight well both with bow and spear. They are excellent also
at fighting from chariots, and nothing decides the issue of a fight
sooner than this. I know not, therefore, whether heaven will send
me back to you, or whether I may not fall over there at Troy. In the
meantime do you look after things here. Take carM
mother as at present, and even more so during my absence, but when
you see our son growing a beard, then marry whom you will, and leave
this your present home. This is what he said and now it is all coming
true. A night will come when I shall have to yield myself to a marriage
which I detest, for Jove has taken from me all hope of happiness.
This further grief, moreover, cuts me to the very heart. You suitors
are not wooing me after the custom of my country. When men are courting
who they think will be a good wife to them and who is of noble
birth, and when they are each trying to win her for himself, they
usually bring oxen and sheep to feast the friends of the lady, and
they make her magnificent presents, instead of eating up other people's
property without paying for it."
This was what she said, and Ulysses was glad when he heard her trying
to get presents out of the suitors, and flattering them with fair
words which he knew she did not mean.
Then Antinous said, "Queen PeneM
lope, daughter of Icarius, take as
many presents as you please from any one who will give them to you;
it is not well to refuse a present; but we will not go about our business
nor stir from where we are, till you have married the best man among
us whoever he may be."
The others applauded what Antinous had said, and each one sent his
servant to bring his present. Antinous's man returned with a large
and lovely dress most exquisitely embroidered. It had twelve beautifully
made brooch pins of pure gold witM
h which to fasten it. Eurymachus
immediately brought her a magnificent chain of gold and amber beads
that gleamed like sunlight. Eurydamas's two men returned with some
earrings fashioned into three brilliant pendants which glistened most
beautifully; while king Pisander son of Polyctor gave her a necklace
of the rarest workmanship, and every one else brought her a beautiful
present of some kind.
Then the queen went back to her room upstairs, and her maids brought
the presents after her. Meanwhile the suiM
tors took to singing and
dancing, and stayed till evening came. They danced and sang till it
grew dark; they then brought in three braziers to give light, and
piled them up with chopped firewood very and dry, and they lit torches
from them, which the maids held up turn and turn about. Then Ulysses
"Maids, servants of Ulysses who has so long been absent, go to the
queen inside the house; sit with her and amuse her, or spin, and pick
wool. I will hold the light for all these people. They may stay tilM
morning, but shall not beat me, for I can stand a great deal."
The maids looked at one another and laughed, while pretty Melantho
began to gibe at him contemptuously. She was daughter to Dolius, but
had been brought up by Penelope, who used to give her toys to play
with, and looked after her when she was a child; but in spite of all
this she showed no consideration for the sorrows of her mistress,
and used to misconduct herself with Eurymachus, with whom she was
"Poor wretch," said she, "arM
e you gone clean out of your mind? Go
and sleep in some smithy, or place of public gossips, instead of chattering
here. Are you not ashamed of opening your mouth before your betters-
so many of them too? Has the wine been getting into your head, or
do you always babble in this way? You seem to have lost your wits
because you beat the tramp Irus; take care that a better man than
he does not come and cudgel you about the head till he pack you bleeding
"Vixen," replied Ulysses, scowling aM
t her, "I will go and tell Telemachus
what you have been saying, and he will have you torn limb from limb."
With these words he scared the women, and they went off into the body
of the house. They trembled all aver, for they thought he would do
as he said. But Ulysses took his stand near the burning braziers,
holding up torches and looking at the people- brooding the while on
things that should surely come to pass.
But Minerva would not let the suitors for one moment cease their insolence,
ed Ulysses to become even more bitter against them; she
therefore set Eurymachus son of Polybus on to gibe at him, which made
the others laugh. "Listen to me," said he, "you suitors of Queen Penelope,
that I may speak even as I am minded. It is not for nothing that this
man has come to the house of Ulysses; I believe the light has not
been coming from the torches, but from his own head- for his hair
is all gone, every bit of it."
Then turning to Ulysses he said, "Stranger, will you work as a servant,
I send you to the wolds and see that you are well paid? Can you
build a stone fence, or plant trees? I will have you fed all the year
round, and will find you in shoes and clothing. Will you go, then?
Not you; for you have got into bad ways, and do not want to work;
you had rather fill your belly by going round the country begging."
"Eurymachus," answered Ulysses, "if you and I were to work one against
the other in early summer when the days are at their longest- give
me a good scythe, and take another youM
rself, and let us see which
will fast the longer or mow the stronger, from dawn till dark when
the mowing grass is about. Or if you will plough against me, let us
each take a yoke of tawny oxen, well-mated and of great strength and
endurance: turn me into a four acre field, and see whether you or
I can drive the straighter furrow. If, again, war were to break out
this day, give me a shield, a couple of spears and a helmet fitting
well upon my temples- you would find me foremost in the fray, and
your gibes about my belly. You are insolent and cruel,
and think yourself a great man because you live in a little world,
ind that a bad one. If Ulysses comes to his own again, the doors of
his house are wide, but you will find them narrow when you try to
Eurymachus was furious at all this. He scowled at him and cried, "You
wretch, I will soon pay you out for daring to say such things to me,
and in public too. Has the wine been getting into your head or do
you always babble in this wayM
? You seem to have lost your wits because
you beat the tramp Irus. With this he caught hold of a footstool,
but Ulysses sought protection at the knees of Amphinomus of Dulichium,
for he was afraid. The stool hit the cupbearer on his right hand and
knocked him down: the man fell with a cry flat on his back, and his
wine-jug fell ringing to the ground. The suitors in the covered cloister
were now in an uproar, and one would turn towards his neighbour, saying,
"I wish the stranger had gone somewhere else, bad lM
all the trouble he gives us. We cannot permit such disturbance about
a beggar; if such ill counsels are to prevail we shall have no more
pleasure at our banquet."
On this Telemachus came forward and said, "Sirs, are you mad? Can
you not carry your meat and your liquor decently? Some evil spirit
has possessed you. I do not wish to drive any of you away, but you
have had your suppers, and the sooner you all go home to bed the better."
The suitors bit their lips and marvelled at the boldnM
but Amphinomus the son of Nisus, who was son to Aretias, said, "Do
not let us take offence; it is reasonable, so let us make no answer.
Neither let us do violence to the stranger nor to any of Ulysses'
servants. Let the cupbearer go round with the drink-offerings, that
we may make them and go home to our rest. As for the stranger, let
us leave Telemachus to deal with him, for it is to his house that
Thus did he speak, and his saying pleased them well, so Mulius of
ium, servant to Amphinomus, mixed them a bowl of wine and water
and handed it round to each of them man by man, whereon they made
their drink-offerings to the blessed gods: Then, when they had made
their drink-offerings and had drunk each one as he was minded, they
took their several ways each of them to his own abode.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ulysses was left in the cloister, pondering on the means whereby
with Minerva's help he might be able toM
kill the suitors. Presently
he said to Telemachus, "Telemachus, we must get the armour together
and take it down inside. Make some excuse when the suitors ask you
why you have removed it. Say that you have taken it to be out of the
way of the smoke, inasmuch as it is no longer what it was when Ulysses
went away, but has become soiled and begrimed with soot. Add to this
more particularly that you are afraid Jove may set them on to quarrel
over their wine, and that they may do each other some harm which may
disgrace both banquet and wooing, for the sight of arms sometimes
tempts people to use them."
Telemachus approved of what his father had said, so he called nurse
Euryclea and said, "Nurse, shut the women up in their room, while
I take the armour that my father left behind him down into the store
room. No one looks after it now my father is gone, and it has got
all smirched with soot during my own boyhood. I want to take it down
where the smoke cannot reach it."
"I wish, child," answered Euryclea, "thaM
t you would take the management
of the house into your own hands altogether, and look after all the
property yourself. But who is to go with you and light you to the
store room? The maids would have so, but you would not let them.
"The stranger," said Telemachus, "shall show me a light; when people
eat my bread they must earn it, no matter where they come from."
Euryclea did as she was told, and bolted the women inside their room.
Then Ulysses and his son made all haste to take the helmets, shields,
spears inside; and Minerva went before them with a gold lamp in
her hand that shed a soft and brilliant radiance, whereon Telemachus
said, "Father, my eyes behold a great marvel: the walls, with the
rafters, crossbeams, and the supports on which they rest are all aglow
as with a flaming fire. Surely there is some god here who has come
"Hush," answered Ulysses, "hold your peace and ask no questions, for
this is the manner of the gods. Get you to your bed, and leave me
your mother and the maids. Your mother in her grief
will ask me all sorts of questions."
On this Telemachus went by torch-light to the other side of the inner
court, to the room in which he always slept. There he lay in his bed
till morning, while Ulysses was left in the cloister pondering on
the means whereby with Minerva's help he might be able to kill the
Then Penelope came down from her room looking like Venus or Diana,
and they set her a seat inlaid with scrolls of silver and ivory nearM
the fire in her accustomed place. It had been made by Icmalius and
had a footstool all in one piece with the seat itself; and it was
covered with a thick fleece: on this she now sat, and the maids came
from the women's room to join her. They set about removing the tables
at which the wicked suitors had been dining, and took away the bread
that was left, with the cups from which they had drunk. They emptied
the embers out of the braziers, and heaped much wood upon them to
give both light and heat; but MelanM
tho began to rail at Ulysses a
second time and said, "Stranger, do you mean to plague us by hanging
about the house all night and spying upon the women? Be off, you wretch,
outside, and eat your supper there, or you shall be driven out with
Ulysses scowled at her and answered, "My good woman, why should you
be so angry with me? Is it because I am not clean, and my clothes
are all in rags, and because I am obliged to go begging about after
the manner of tramps and beggars generall? I too wasM
and had a fine house of my own; in those days I gave to many a tramp
such as I now am, no matter who he might be nor what he wanted. I
had any number of servants, and all the other things which people
have who live well and are accounted wealthy, but it pleased Jove
to take all away from me; therefore, woman, beware lest you too come
to lose that pride and place in which you now wanton above your fellows;
have a care lest you get out of favour with your mistress, and lest
me home, for there is still a chance that he may
do so. Moreover, though he be dead as you think he is, yet by Apollo's
will he has left a son behind him, Telemachus, who will note anything
done amiss by the maids in the house, for he is now no longer in his
Penelope heard what he was saying and scolded the maid, "Impudent
baggage, said she, "I see how abominably you are behaving, and you
shall smart for it. You knew perfectly well, for I told you myself,
that I was going to see the stranger anM
d ask him about my husband,
for whose sake I am in such continual sorrow."
Then she said to her head waiting woman Eurynome, "Bring a seat with
a fleece upon it, for the stranger to sit upon while he tells his
story, and listens to what I have to say. I wish to ask him some questions."
Eurynome brought the seat at once and set a fleece upon it, and as
soon as Ulysses had sat down Penelope began by saying, "Stranger,
I shall first ask you who and whence are you? Tell me of your town
adam;" answered Ulysses, "who on the face of the whole earth can
dare to chide with you? Your fame reaches the firmament of heaven
itself; you are like some blameless king, who upholds righteousness,
as the monarch over a great and valiant nation: the earth yields its
wheat and barley, the trees are loaded with fruit, the ewes bring
forth lambs, and the sea abounds with fish by reason of his virtues,
and his people do good deeds under him. Nevertheless, as I sit here
in your house, ask me some other questionM
and do not seek to know
my race and family, or you will recall memories that will yet more
increase my sorrow. I am full of heaviness, but I ought not to sit
weeping and wailing in another person's house, nor is it well to be
thus grieving continually. I shall have one of the servants or even
yourself complaining of me, and saying that my eyes swim with tears
because I am heavy with wine."
Then Penelope answered, "Stranger, heaven robbed me of all beauty,
whether of face or figure, when the Argives set M
my dear husband with them. If he were to return and look after my
affairs I should be both more respected and should show a better presence
to the world. As it is, I am oppressed with care, and with the afflictions
which heaven has seen fit to heap upon me. The chiefs from all our
islands- Dulichium, Same, and Zacynthus, as also from Ithaca itself,
are wooing me against my will and are wasting my estate. I can therefore
show no attention to strangers, nor suppliants, nor to people who
that they are skilled artisans, but am all the time brokenhearted
about Ulysses. They want me to marry again at once, and I have to
invent stratagems in order to deceive them. In the first place heaven
put it in my mind to set up a great tambour-frame in my room, and
to begin working upon an enormous piece of fine needlework. Then I
said to them, 'Sweethearts, Ulysses is indeed dead, still, do not
press me to marry again immediately; wait- for I would not have my
skill in needlework perish unrecorded- till IM
have finished making
a pall for the hero Laertes, to be ready against the time when death
shall take him. He is very rich, and the women of the place will talk
if he is laid out without a pall.' This was what I said, and they
assented; whereon I used to keep working at my great web all day long,
but at night I would unpick the stitches again by torch light. I fooled
them in this way for three years without their finding it out, but
as time wore on and I was now in my fourth year, in the waning of
d many days had been accomplished, those good-for-nothing
hussies my maids betrayed me to the suitors, who broke in upon me
and caught me; they were very angry with me, so I was forced to finish
my work whether I would or no. And now I do not see how I can find
any further shift for getting out of this marriage. My parents are
putting great pressure upon me, and my son chafes at the ravages the
suitors are making upon his estate, for he is now old enough to understand
all about it and is perfectly able to loM
ok after his own affairs,
for heaven has blessed him with an excellent disposition. Still, notwithstanding
all this, tell me who you are and where you come from- for you must
have had father and mother of some sort; you cannot be the son of
an oak or of a rock."
Then Ulysses answered, "madam, wife of Ulysses, since you persist
in asking me about my family, I will answer, no matter what it costs
me: people must expect to be pained when they have been exiles as
long as I have, and suffered as much among asM
many peoples. Nevertheless,
as regards your question I will tell you all you ask. There is a fair
and fruitful island in mid-ocean called Crete; it is thickly peopled
and there are nine cities in it: the people speak many different languages
which overlap one another, for there are Achaeans, brave Eteocretans,
Dorians of three-fold race, and noble Pelasgi. There is a great town
there, Cnossus, where Minos reigned who every nine years had a conference
with Jove himself. Minos was father to Deucalion, whose sM
for Deucalion had two sons Idomeneus and myself. Idomeneus sailed
for Troy, and I, who am the younger, am called Aethon; my brother,
however, was at once the older and the more valiant of the two; hence
it was in Crete that I saw Ulysses and showed him hospitality, for
the winds took him there as he was on his way to Troy, carrying him
out of his course from cape Malea and leaving him in Amnisus off the
cave of Ilithuia, where the harbours are difficult to enter and he
could hardly find shelter froM
m the winds that were then xaging. As
soon as he got there he went into the town and asked for Idomeneus,
claiming to be his old and valued friend, but Idomeneus had already
set sail for Troy some ten or twelve days earlier, so I took him to
my own house and showed him every kind of hospitality, for I had abundance
of everything. Moreover, I fed the men who were with him with barley
meal from the public store, and got subscriptions of wine and oxen
for them to sacrifice to their heart's content. They stayed M
twelve days, for there was a gale blowing from the North so strong
that one could hardly keep one's feet on land. I suppose some unfriendly
god had raised it for them, but on the thirteenth day the wind dropped,
and they got away."
Many a plausible tale did Ulysses further tell her, and Penelope wept
as she listened, for her heart was melted. As the snow wastes upon
the mountain tops when the winds from South East and West have breathed
upon it and thawed it till the rivers run bank full with watM
so did her cheeks overflow with tears for the husband who was all
the time sitting by her side. Ulysses felt for her and was for her,
but he kept his eyes as hard as or iron without letting them so much
as quiver, so cunningly did he restrain his tears. Then, when she
had relieved herself by weeping, she turned to him again and said:
"Now, stranger, I shall put you to the test and see whether or no
you really did entertain my husband and his men, as you say you did.
Tell me, then, how he was dresseM
d, what kind of a man he was to look
at, and so also with his companions."
"Madam," answered Ulysses, "it is such a long time ago that I can
hardly say. Twenty years are come and gone since he left my home,
and went elsewhither; but I will tell you as well as I can recollect.
Ulysses wore a mantle of purple wool, double lined, and it was fastened
by a gold brooch with two catches for the pin. On the face of this
there was a device that showed a dog holding a spotted fawn between
his fore paws, and watchiM
ng it as it lay panting upon the ground.
Every one marvelled at the way in which these things had been done
in gold, the dog looking at the fawn, and strangling it, while the
fawn was struggling convulsively to escape. As for the shirt that
he wore next his skin, it was so soft that it fitted him like the
skin of an onion, and glistened in the sunlight to the admiration
of all the women who beheld it. Furthermore I say, and lay my saying
to your heart, that I do not know whether Ulysses wore these clothes
hen he left home, or whether one of his companions had given them
to him while he was on his voyage; or possibly some one at whose house
he was staying made him a present of them, for he was a man of many
friends and had few equals among the Achaeans. I myself gave him a
sword of bronze and a beautiful purple mantle, double lined, with
a shirt that went down to his feet, and I sent him on board his ship
with every mark of honour. He had a servant with him, a little older
than himself, and I can tell you whatM
he was like; his shoulders were
hunched, he was dark, and he had thick curly hair. His name was Eurybates,
and Ulysses treated him with greater familiarity than he did any of
the others, as being the most like-minded with himself."
Penelope was moved still more deeply as she heard the indisputable
proofs that Ulysses laid before her; and when she had again found
relief in tears she said to him, "Stranger, I was already disposed
to pity you, but henceforth you shall be honoured and made welcome
e. It was I who gave Ulysses the clothes you speak of. I
took them out of the store room and folded them up myself, and I gave
him also the gold brooch to wear as an ornament. Alas! I shall never
welcome him home again. It was by an ill fate that he ever set out
for that detested city whose very name I cannot bring myself even
Then Ulysses answered, "Madam, wife of Ulysses, do not disfigure yourself
further by grieving thus bitterly for your loss, though I can hardly
blame you for doing so. M
A woman who has loved her husband and borne
him children, would naturally be grieved at losing him, even though
he were a worse man than Ulysses, who they say was like a god. Still,
cease your tears and listen to what I can tell I will hide nothing
from you, and can say with perfect truth that I have lately heard
of Ulysses as being alive and on his way home; he is among the Thesprotians,
and is bringing back much valuable treasure that he has begged from
one and another of them; but his ship and all his creM
they were leaving the Thrinacian island, for Jove and the sun-god
were angry with him because his men had slaughtered the sun-god's
cattle, and they were all drowned to a man. But Ulysses stuck to the
keel of the ship and was drifted on to the land of the Phaecians,
who are near of kin to the immortals, and who treated him as though
he had been a god, giving him many presents, and wishing to escort
him home safe and sound. In fact Ulysses would have been here long
ago, had he not thought bettM
er to go from land to land gathering wealth;
for there is no man living who is so wily as he is; there is no one
can compare with him. Pheidon king of the Thesprotians told me all
this, and he swore to me- making drink-offerings in his house as he
did so- that the ship was by the water side and the crew found who
would take Ulysses to his own country. He sent me off first, for there
happened to be a Thesprotian ship sailing for the wheat-growing island
of Dulichium, but he showed me all treasure Ulysses had M
and he had enough lying in the house of king Pheidon to keep his family
for ten generations; but the king said Ulysses had gone to Dodona
that he might learn Jove's mind from the high oak tree, and know whether
after so long an absence he should return to Ithaca openly or in secret.
So you may know he is safe and will be here shortly; he is close at
hand and cannot remain away from home much longer; nevertheless I
will confirm my words with an oath, and call Jove who is the first
of all gods to witness, as also that hearth of Ulysses
to which I have now come, that all I have spoken shall surely come
to pass. Ulysses will return in this self same year; with the end
of this moon and the beginning of the next he will be here."
"May it be even so," answered Penelope; "if your words come true you
shall have such gifts and such good will from me that all who see
you shall congratulate you; but I know very well how it will be. Ulysses
will not return, neither will you get your escort henM
as that Ulysses ever was, there are now no longer any such masters
in the house as he was, to receive honourable strangers or to further
them on their way home. And now, you maids, wash his feet for him,
and make him a bed on a couch with rugs and blankets, that he may
be warm and quiet till morning. Then, at day break wash him and anoint
him again, that he may sit in the cloister and take his meals with
Telemachus. It shall be the worse for any one of these hateful people
o him; like it or not, he shall have no more to do
in this house. For how, sir, shall you be able to learn whether or
no I am superior to others of my sex both in goodness of heart and
understanding, if I let you dine in my cloisters squalid and ill clad?
Men live but for a little season; if they are hard, and deal hardly,
people wish them ill so long as they are alive, and speak contemptuously
of them when they are dead, but he that is righteous and deals righteously,
the people tell of his praise among allM
lands, and many shall call
Ulysses answered, "Madam, I have foresworn rugs and blankets from
the day that I left the snowy ranges of Crete to go on shipboard.
I will lie as I have lain on many a sleepless night hitherto. Night
after night have I passed in any rough sleeping place, and waited
for morning. Nor, again, do I like having my feet washed; I shall
not let any of the young hussies about your house touch my feet; but,
if you have any old and respectable woman who has gone through asM
much trouble as I have, I will allow her to wash them."
To this Penelope said, "My dear sir, of all the guests who ever yet
came to my house there never was one who spoke in all things with
such admirable propriety as you do. There happens to be in the house
a most respectable old woman- the same who received my poor dear husband
in her arms the night he was born, and nursed him in infancy. She
is very feeble now, but she shall wash your feet." "Come here," said
she, "Euryclea, and wash your master's agM
e-mate; I suppose Ulysses'
hands and feet are very much the same now as his are, for trouble
ages all of us dreadfully fast."
On these words the old woman covered her face with her hands; she
began to weep and made lamentation saying, "My dear child, I cannot
think whatever I am to do with you. I am certain no one was ever more
god-fearing than yourself, and yet Jove hates you. No one in the whole
world ever burned him more thigh bones, nor gave him finer hecatombs
when you prayed you might come to a greM
en old age yourself and see
your son grow up to take after you; yet see how he has prevented you
alone from ever getting back to your own home. I have no doubt the
women in some foreign palace which Ulysses has got to are gibing at
him as all these sluts here have been gibing you. I do not wonder
at your not choosing to let them wash you after the manner in which
they have insulted you; I will wash your feet myself gladly enough,
as Penelope has said that I am to do so; I will wash them both for
sake and for your own, for you have raised the most lively
feelings of compassion in my mind; and let me say this moreover, which
pray attend to; we have had all kinds of strangers in distress come
here before now, but I make bold to say that no one ever yet came
who was so like Ulysses in figure, voice, and feet as you are."
"Those who have seen us both," answered Ulysses, "have always said
we were wonderfully like each other, and now you have noticed it too.
Then the old woman took the cauldron in whicM
h she was going to wash
his feet, and poured plenty of cold water into it, adding hot till
the bath was warm enough. Ulysses sat by the fire, but ere long he
turned away from the light, for it occurred to him that when the old
woman had hold of his leg she would recognize a certain scar which
it bore, whereon the whole truth would come out. And indeed as soon
as she began washing her master, she at once knew the scar as one
that had been given him by a wild boar when he was hunting on Mount
is excellent grandfather Autolycus- who was the most
accomplished thief and perjurer in the whole world- and with the sons
of Autolycus. Mercury himself had endowed him with this gift, for
he used to burn the thigh bones of goats and kids to him, so he took
pleasure in his companionship. It happened once that Autolycus had
gone to Ithaca and had found the child of his daughter just born.
As soon as he had done supper Euryclea set the infant upon his knees
and said, you must find a name for your grandson; youM
that you might have one."
'Son-in-law and daughter," replied Autolycus, "call the child thus:
I am highly displeased with a large number of people in one place
and another, both men and women; so name the child 'Ulysses,' or the
child of anger. When he grows up and comes to visit his mother's family
on Mount Parnassus, where my possessions lie, I will make him a present
and will send him on his way rejoicing."
Ulysses, therefore, went to Parnassus to get the presents from Autolycus,
ho with his sons shook hands with him and gave him welcome. His grandmother
Amphithea threw her arms about him, and kissed his head, and both
his beautiful eyes, while Autolycus desired his sons to get dinner
ready, and they did as he told them. They brought in a five year old
bull, flayed it, made it ready and divided it into joints; these they
then cut carefully up into smaller pieces and spitted them; they roasted
them sufficiently and served the portions round. Thus through the
livelong day to the going M
down of the sun they feasted, and every
man had his full share so that all were satisfied; but when the sun
set and it came on dark, they went to bed and enjoyed the boon of
When the child of morning, rosy-fingered Dawn, appeared, the sons
of Autolycus went out with their hounds hunting, and Ulysses went
too. They climbed the wooded slopes of Parnassus and soon reached
its breezy upland valleys; but as the sun was beginning to beat upon
the fields, fresh-risen from the slow still currents of OceanM
came to a mountain dell. The dogs were in front searching for the
tracks of the beast they were chasing, and after them came the sons
of Autolycus, among whom was Ulysses, close behind the dogs, and he
had a long spear in his hand. Here was the lair of a huge boar among
some thick brushwood, so dense that the wind and rain could not get
through it, nor could the sun's rays pierce it, and the ground underneath
lay thick with fallen leaves. The boar heard the noise of the men's
feet, and the hounds bM
aying on every side as the huntsmen came up
to him, so rushed from his lair, raised the bristles on his neck,
and stood at bay with fire flashing from his eyes. Ulysses was the
first to raise his spear and try to drive it into the brute, but the
boar was too quick for him, and charged him sideways, ripping him
above the knee with a gash that tore deep though it did not reach
the bone. As for the boar, Ulysses hit him on the right shoulder,
and the point of the spear went right through him, so that he fell
roaning in the dust until the life went out of him. The sons of Autolycus
busied themselves with the carcass of the boar, and bound Ulysses'
wound; then, after saying a spell to stop the bleeding, they went
home as fast as they could. But when Autolycus and his sons had thoroughly
healed Ulysses, they made him some splendid presents, and sent him
back to Ithaca with much mutual good will. When he got back, his father
and mother were rejoiced to see him, and asked him all about it, and
how he had hurt himselfM
to get the scar; so he told them how the boar
had ripped him when he was out hunting with Autolycus and his sons
on Mount Parnassus.
As soon as Euryclea had got the scarred limb in her hands and had
well hold of it, she recognized it and dropped the foot at once. The
leg fell into the bath, which rang out and was overturned, so that
all the water was spilt on the ground; Euryclea's eyes between her
joy and her grief filled with tears, and she could not speak, but
she caught Ulysses by the beard and saidM
, "My dear child, I am sure
you must be Ulysses himself, only I did not know you till I had actually
touched and handled you."
As she spoke she looked towards Penelope, as though wanting to tell
her that her dear husband was in the house, but Penelope was unable
to look in that direction and observe what was going on, for Minerva
had diverted her attention; so Ulysses caught Euryclea by the throat
with his right hand and with his left drew her close to him, and said,
"Nurse, do you wish to be the ruin ofM
me, you who nursed me at your
own breast, now that after twenty years of wandering I am at last
come to my own home again? Since it has been borne in upon you by
heaven to recognize me, hold your tongue, and do not say a word about
it any one else in the house, for if you do I tell you- and it shall
surely be- that if heaven grants me to take the lives of these suitors,
I will not spare you, though you are my own nurse, when I am killing
"My child," answered Euryclea, "what are you talM
king about? You know
very well that nothing can either bend or break me. I will hold my
tongue like a stone or a piece of iron; furthermore let me say, and
lay my saying to your heart, when heaven has delivered the suitors
into your hand, I will give you a list of the women in the house who
have been ill-behaved, and of those who are guiltless."
And Ulysses answered, "Nurse, you ought not to speak in that way;
I am well able to form my own opinion about one and all of them; hold
your tongue and leave eveM
rything to heaven."
As he said this Euryclea left the cloister to fetch some more water,
for the first had been all spilt; and when she had washed him and
anointed him with oil, Ulysses drew his seat nearer to the fire to
warm himself, and hid the scar under his rags. Then Penelope began
talking to him and said:
"Stranger, I should like to speak with you briefly about another matter.
It is indeed nearly bed time- for those, at least, who can sleep in
spite of sorrow. As for myself, heaven has given meM
unmeasurable woe, that even by day when I am attending to my duties
and looking after the servants, I am still weeping and lamenting during
the whole time; then, when night comes, and we all of us go to bed,
I lie awake thinking, and my heart comes a prey to the most incessant
and cruel tortures. As the dun nightingale, daughter of Pandareus,
sings in the early spring from her seat in shadiest covert hid, and
with many a plaintive trill pours out the tale how by mishap she killed
ld Itylus, son of king Zethus, even so does my mind toss
and turn in its uncertainty whether I ought to stay with my son here,
and safeguard my substance, my bondsmen, and the greatness of my house,
out of regard to public opinion and the memory of my late husband,
or whether it is not now time for me to go with the best of these
suitors who are wooing me and making me such magnificent presents.
As long as my son was still young, and unable to understand, he would
not hear of my leaving my husband's house, bM
ut now that he is full
grown he begs and prays me to do so, being incensed at the way in
which the suitors are eating up his property. Listen, then, to a dream
that I have had and interpret it for me if you can. I have twenty
geese about the house that eat mash out of a trough, and of which
I am exceedingly fond. I dreamed that a great eagle came swooping
down from a mountain, and dug his curved beak into the neck of each
of them till he had killed them all. Presently he soared off into
the sky, and left thM
em lying dead about the yard; whereon I wept in
my room till all my maids gathered round me, so piteously was I grieving
because the eagle had killed my geese. Then he came back again, and
perching on a projecting rafter spoke to me with human voice, and
told me to leave off crying. 'Be of good courage,' he said, 'daughter
of Icarius; this is no dream, but a vision of good omen that shall
surely come to pass. The geese are the suitors, and I am no longer
an eagle, but your own husband, who am come back to yoM
bring these suitors to a disgraceful end.' On this I woke, and when
I looked out I saw my geese at the trough eating their mash as usual."
"This dream, Madam," replied Ulysses, "can admit but of one interpretation,
for had not Ulysses himself told you how it shall be fulfilled? The
death of the suitors is portended, and not one single one of them
And Penelope answered, "Stranger, dreams are very curious and unaccountable
things, and they do not by any means invariably comeM
two gates through which these unsubstantial fancies proceed; the one
is of horn, and the other ivory. Those that come through the gate
of ivory are fatuous, but those from the gate of horn mean something
to those that see them. I do not think, however, that my own dream
came through the gate of horn, though I and my son should be most
thankful if it proves to have done so. Furthermore I say- and lay
my saying to your heart- the coming dawn will usher in the ill-omened
day that is to sever mM
e from the house of Ulysses, for I am about
to hold a tournament of axes. My husband used to set up twelve axes
in the court, one in front of the other, like the stays upon which
a ship is built; he would then go back from them and shoot an arrow
through the whole twelve. I shall make the suitors try to do the same
thing, and whichever of them can string the bow most easily, and send
his arrow through all the twelve axes, him will I follow, and quit
this house of my lawful husband, so goodly and so aboundingM
But even so, I doubt not that I shall remember it in my dreams."
Then Ulysses answered, "Madam wife of Ulysses, you need not defer
your tournament, for Ulysses will return ere ever they can string
the bow, handle it how they will, and send their arrows through the
To this Penelope said, "As long, sir, as you will sit here and talk
to me, I can have no desire to go to bed. Still, people cannot do
permanently without sleep, and heaven has appointed us dwellers on
earth a time for all M
things. I will therefore go upstairs and recline
upon that couch which I have never ceased to flood with my tears from
the day Ulysses set out for the city with a hateful name."
She then went upstairs to her own room, not alone, but attended by
her maidens, and when there, she lamented her dear husband till Minerva
shed sweet sleep over her eyelids.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ulysses slept in the cloister upon an undressed bullock's hide, on
top of which he threw several skins of the sheep the suitors had
eaten, and Eurynome threw a cloak over him after he had laid himself
down. There, then, Ulysses lay wakefully brooding upon the way in
which he should kill the suitors; and by and by, the women who had
been in the habit of misconducting themselves with them, left the
house giggling and laughing with one another. This made Ulysses very
angry, and he doubted whether to get up and kill every single one
of them then and there, or to let them sleep M
one more and last time
with the suitors. His heart growled within him, and as a bitch with
puppies growls and shows her teeth when she sees a stranger, so did
his heart growl with anger at the evil deeds that were being done:
but he beat his breast and said, "Heart, be still, you had worse than
this to bear on the day when the terrible Cyclops ate your brave companions;
yet you bore it in silence till your cunning got you safe out of the
cave, though you made sure of being killed."
Thus he chided with hiM
s heart, and checked it into endurance, but
he tossed about as one who turns a paunch full of blood and fat in
front of a hot fire, doing it first on one side and then on the other,
that he may get it cooked as soon as possible, even so did he turn
himself about from side to side, thinking all the time how, single
handed as he was, he should contrive to kill so large a body of men
as the wicked suitors. But by and by Minerva came down from heaven
in the likeness of a woman, and hovered over his head saying, M
poor unhappy man, why do you lie awake in this way? This is your house:
your wife is safe inside it, and so is your son who is just such a
young man as any father may be proud of."
"Goddess," answered Ulysses, "all that you have said is true, but
I am in some doubt as to how I shall be able to kill these wicked
suitors single handed, seeing what a number of them there always are.
And there is this further difficulty, which is still more considerable.
Supposing that with Jove's and your assistance I sM
them, I must ask you to consider where I am to escape to from their
avengers when it is all over."
"For shame," replied Minerva, "why, any one else would trust a worse
ally than myself, even though that ally were only a mortal and less
wise than I am. Am I not a goddess, and have I not protected you throughout
in all your troubles? I tell you plainly that even though there were
fifty bands of men surrounding us and eager to kill us, you should
take all their sheep and cattle, and drive M
them away with you. But
go to sleep; it is a very bad thing to lie awake all night, and you
shall be out of your troubles before long."
As she spoke she shed sleep over his eyes, and then went back to Olympus.
While Ulysses was thus yielding himself to a very deep slumber that
eased the burden of his sorrows, his admirable wife awoke, and sitting
up in her bed began to cry. When she had relieved herself by weeping
she prayed to Diana saying, "Great Goddess Diana, daughter of Jove,
drive an arrow into mM
y heart and slay me; or let some whirlwind snatch
me up and bear me through paths of darkness till it drop me into the
mouths of overflowing Oceanus, as it did the daughters of Pandareus.
The daughters of Pandareus lost their father and mother, for the gods
killed them, so they were left orphans. But Venus took care of them,
and fed them on cheese, honey, and sweet wine. Juno taught them to
excel all women in beauty of form and understanding; Diana gave them
an imposing presence, and Minerva endowed them witM
accomplishment; but one day when Venus had gone up to Olympus to see
Jove about getting them married (for well does he know both what shall
happen and what not happen to every one) the storm winds came and
spirited them away to become handmaids to the dread Erinyes. Even
so I wish that the gods who live in heaven would hide me from mortal
sight, or that fair Diana might strike me, for I would fain go even
beneath the sad earth if I might do so still looking towards Ulysses
having to yield myself to a worse man than he was.
Besides, no matter how much people may grieve by day, they can put
up with it so long as they can sleep at night, for when the eyes are
closed in slumber people forget good and ill alike; whereas my misery
haunts me even in my dreams. This very night methought there was one
lying by my side who was like Ulysses as he was when he went away
with his host, and I rejoiced, for I believed that it was no dream,
but the very truth itself."
On this the day brokeM
, but Ulysses heard the sound of her weeping,
and it puzzled him, for it seemed as though she already knew him and
was by his side. Then he gathered up the cloak and the fleeces on
which he had lain, and set them on a seat in the cloister, but he
took the bullock's hide out into the open. He lifted up his hands
to heaven, and prayed, saying "Father Jove, since you have seen fit
to bring me over land and sea to my own home after all the afflictions
you have laid upon me, give me a sign out of the mouth of somM
or other of those who are now waking within the house, and let me
have another sign of some kind from outside."
Thus did he pray. Jove heard his prayer and forthwith thundered high
up among the from the splendour of Olympus, and Ulysses was glad when
he heard it. At the same time within the house, a miller-woman from
hard by in the mill room lifted up her voice and gave him another
sign. There were twelve miller-women whose business it was to grind
wheat and barley which are the staff of life. The M
their task and had gone to take their rest, but this one had not yet
finished, for she was not so strong as they were, and when she heard
the thunder she stopped grinding and gave the sign to her master.
"Father Jove," said she, "you who rule over heaven and earth, you
have thundered from a clear sky without so much as a cloud in it,
and this means something for somebody; grant the prayer, then, of
me your poor servant who calls upon you, and let this be the very
last day that the suitors M
dine in the house of Ulysses. They have
worn me out with the labour of grinding meal for them, and I hope
they may never have another dinner anywhere at all."
Ulysses was glad when he heard the omens conveyed to him by the woman's
speech, and by the thunder, for he knew they meant that he should
avenge himself on the suitors.
Then the other maids in the house rose and lit the fire on the hearth;
Telemachus also rose and put on his clothes. He girded his sword about
his shoulder, bound his sandals on hM
is comely feet, and took a doughty
spear with a point of sharpened bronze; then he went to the threshold
of the cloister and said to Euryclea, "Nurse, did you make the stranger
comfortable both as regards bed and board, or did you let him shift
for himself?- for my mother, good woman though she is, has a way of
paying great attention to second-rate people, and of neglecting others
who are in reality much better men."
"Do not find fault child," said Euryclea, "when there is no one to
find fault with. The M
stranger sat and drank his wine as long as he
liked: your mother did ask him if he would take any more bread and
he said he would not. When he wanted to go to bed she told the servants
to make one for him, but he said he was re such wretched outcast that
he would not sleep on a bed and under blankets; he insisted on having
an undressed bullock's hide and some sheepskins put for him in the
cloister and I threw a cloak over him myself."
Then Telemachus went out of the court to the place where the Achaeans
were meeting in assembly; he had his spear in his hand, and he was
not alone, for his two dogs went with him. But Euryclea called the
maids and said, "Come, wake up; set about sweeping the cloisters and
sprinkling them with water to lay the dust; put the covers on the
seats; wipe down the tables, some of you, with a wet sponge; clean
out the mixing-jugs and the cups, and for water from the fountain
at once; the suitors will be here directly; they will be here early,
for it is a feast day."
peak, and they did even as she had said: twenty of them
went to the fountain for water, and the others set themselves busily
to work about the house. The men who were in attendance on the suitors
also came up and began chopping firewood. By and by the women returned
from the fountain, and the swineherd came after them with the three
best pigs he could pick out. These he let feed about the premises,
and then he said good-humouredly to Ulysses, "Stranger, are the suitors
treating you any better now, or are theM
y as insolent as ever?"
"May heaven," answered Ulysses, "requite to them the wickedness with
which they deal high-handedly in another man's house without any sense
Thus did they converse; meanwhile Melanthius the goatherd came up,
for he too was bringing in his best goats for the suitors' dinner;
and he had two shepherds with him. They tied the goats up under the
gatehouse, and then Melanthius began gibing at Ulysses. "Are you still
here, stranger," said he, "to pester people by begging abouM
Why can you not go elsewhere? You and I shall not come to an understanding
before we have given each other a taste of our fists. You beg without
any sense of decency: are there not feasts elsewhere among the Achaeans,
Ulysses made no answer, but bowed his head and brooded. Then a third
man, Philoetius, joined them, who was bringing in a barren heifer
and some goats. These were brought over by the boatmen who are there
to take people over when any one comes to them. So PhiloM
his heifer and his goats secure under the gatehouse, and then went
up to the swineherd. "Who, Swineherd," said he, "is this stranger
that is lately come here? Is he one of your men? What is his family?
Where does he come from? Poor fellow, he looks as if he had been some
great man, but the gods give sorrow to whom they will- even to kings
if it so pleases them
As he spoke he went up to Ulysses and saluted him with his right hand;
"Good day to you, father stranger," said he, "you seem to be verM
poorly off now, but I hope you will have better times by and by. Father
Jove, of all gods you are the most malicious. We are your own children,
yet you show us no mercy in all our misery and afflictions. A sweat
came over me when I saw this man, and my eyes filled with tears, for
he reminds me of Ulysses, who I fear is going about in just such rags
as this man's are, if indeed he is still among the living. If he is
already dead and in the house of Hades, then, alas! for my good master,
who made me his stoM
ckman when I was quite young among the Cephallenians,
and now his cattle are countless; no one could have done better with
them than I have, for they have bred like ears of corn; nevertheless
I have to keep bringing them in for others to eat, who take no heed
of his son though he is in the house, and fear not the wrath of heaven,
but are already eager to divide Ulysses' property among them because
he has been away so long. I have often thought- only it would not
be right while his son is living- of going offM
some foreign country; bad as this would be, it is still harder to
stay here and be ill-treated about other people's herds. My position
is intolerable, and I should long since have run away and put myself
under the protection of some other chief, only that I believe my poor
master will yet return, and send all these suitors flying out of the
"Stockman," answered Ulysses, "you seem to be a very well-disposed
person, and I can see that you are a man of sense. Therefore I will
ll you, and will confirm my words with an oath: by Jove, the chief
of all gods, and by that hearth of Ulysses to which I am now come,
Ulysses shall return before you leave this place, and if you are so
minded you shall see him killing the suitors who are now masters here."
"If Jove were to bring this to pass," replied the stockman, "you should
see how I would do my very utmost to help him."
And in like manner Eumaeus prayed that Ulysses might return home.
Thus did they converse. Meanwhile the suitors M
were hatching a plot
to murder Telemachus: but a bird flew near them on their left hand-
an eagle with a dove in its talons. On this Amphinomus said, "My friends,
this plot of ours to murder Telemachus will not succeed; let us go
to dinner instead."
The others assented, so they went inside and laid their cloaks on
the benches and seats. They sacrificed the sheep, goats, pigs, and
the heifer, and when the inward meats were cooked they served them
round. They mixed the wine in the mixing-bowls, and the swiM
gave every man his cup, while Philoetius handed round the bread in
the breadbaskets, and Melanthius poured them out their wine. Then
they laid their hands upon the good things that were before them.
Telemachus purposely made Ulysses sit in the part of the cloister
that was paved with stone; he gave him a shabby-looking seat at a
little table to himself, and had his portion of the inward meats brought
to him, with his wine in a gold cup. "Sit there," said he, "and drink
your wine among the great peoM
ple. I will put a stop to the gibes and
blows of the suitors, for this is no public house, but belongs to
Ulysses, and has passed from him to me. Therefore, suitors, keep your
hands and your tongues to yourselves, or there will be mischief."
The suitors bit their lips, and marvelled at the boldness of his speech;
then Antinous said, "We do not like such language but we will put
up with it, for Telemachus is threatening us in good earnest. If Jove
had let us we should have put a stop to his brave talk ere nM
Thus spoke Antinous, but Telemachus heeded him not. Meanwhile the
heralds were bringing the holy hecatomb through the city, and the
Achaeans gathered under the shady grove of Apollo.
Then they roasted the outer meat, drew it off the spits, gave every
man his portion, and feasted to their hearts' content; those who waited
at table gave Ulysses exactly the same portion as the others had,
for Telemachus had told them to do so.
But Minerva would not let the suitors for one moment drop their insolenM
for she wanted Ulysses to become still more bitter against them. Now
there happened to be among them a ribald fellow, whose name was Ctesippus,
and who came from Same. This man, confident in his great wealth, was
paying court to the wife of Ulysses, and said to the suitors, "Hear
what I have to say. The stranger has already had as large a portion
as any one else; this is well, for it is not right nor reasonable
to ill-treat any guest of Telemachus who comes here. I will, however,
make him a present on mM
y own account, that he may have something to
give to the bath-woman, or to some other of Ulysses' servants."
As he spoke he picked up a heifer's foot from the meat-basket in which
it lay, and threw it at Ulysses, but Ulysses turned his head a little
aside, and avoided it, smiling grimly Sardinian fashion as he did
so, and it hit the wall, not him. On this Telemachus spoke fiercely
to Ctesippus, "It is a good thing for you," said he, "that the stranger
turned his head so that you missed him. If you had hit M
have run you through with my spear, and your father would have had
to see about getting you buried rather than married in this house.
So let me have no more unseemly behaviour from any of you, for I am
grown up now to the knowledge of good and evil and understand what
is going on, instead of being the child that I have been heretofore.
I have long seen you killing my sheep and making free with my corn
and wine: I have put up with this, for one man is no match for many,
but do me no further violM
ence. Still, if you wish to kill me, kill
me; I would far rather die than see such disgraceful scenes day after
day- guests insulted, and men dragging the women servants about the
house in an unseemly way."
They all held their peace till at last Agelaus son of Damastor said,
"No one should take offence at what has just been said, nor gainsay
it, for it is quite reasonable. Leave off, therefore, ill-treating
the stranger, or any one else of the servants who are about the house;
I would say, however, a friM
endly word to Telemachus and his mother,
which I trust may commend itself to both. 'As long,' I would say,
'as you had ground for hoping that Ulysses would one day come home,
no one could complain of your waiting and suffering the suitors to
be in your house. It would have been better that he should have returned,
but it is now sufficiently clear that he will never do so; therefore
talk all this quietly over with your mother, and tell her to marry
the best man, and the one who makes her the most advantageousM
Thus you will yourself be able to manage your own inheritance, and
to eat and drink in peace, while your mother will look after some
other man's house, not yours."'
To this Telemachus answered, "By Jove, Agelaus, and by the sorrows
of my unhappy father, who has either perished far from Ithaca, or
is wandering in some distant land, I throw no obstacles in the way
of my mother's marriage; on the contrary I urge her to choose whomsoever
she will, and I will give her numberless gifts into the bargainM
I dare not insist point blank that she shall leave the house against
her own wishes. Heaven forbid that I should do this."
Minerva now made the suitors fall to laughing immoderately, and set
their wits wandering; but they were laughing with a forced laughter.
Their meat became smeared with blood; their eyes filled with tears,
and their hearts were heavy with forebodings. Theoclymenus saw this
and said, "Unhappy men, what is it that ails you? There is a shroud
of darkness drawn over you from head toM
foot, your cheeks are wet
with tears; the air is alive with wailing voices; the walls and roof-beams
drip blood; the gate of the cloisters and the court beyond them are
full of ghosts trooping down into the night of hell; the sun is blotted
out of heaven, and a blighting gloom is over all the land."
Thus did he speak, and they all of them laughed heartily. Eurymachus
then said, "This stranger who has lately come here has lost his senses.
Servants, turn him out into the streets, since he finds it so dark
But Theoclymenus said, "Eurymachus, you need not send any one with
me. I have eyes, ears, and a pair of feet of my own, to say nothing
of an understanding mind. I will take these out of the house with
me, for I see mischief overhanging you, from which not one of you
men who are insulting people and plotting ill deeds in the house of
Ulysses will be able to escape."
He left the house as he spoke, and went back to Piraeus who gave him
welcome, but the suitors kept looking at one another and provoM
Telemachus fly laughing at the strangers. One insolent fellow said
to him, "Telemachus, you are not happy in your guests; first you have
this importunate tramp, who comes begging bread and wine and has no
skill for work or for hard fighting, but is perfectly useless, and
now here is another fellow who is setting himself up as a prophet.
Let me persuade you, for it will be much better, to put them on board
ship and send them off to the Sicels to sell for what they will bring."
Telemachus gave him no hM
eed, but sat silently watching his father,
expecting every moment that he would begin his attack upon the suitors.
Meanwhile the daughter of Icarius, wise Penelope, had had had a rich
seat placed for her facing the court and cloisters, so that she could
hear what every one was saying. The dinner indeed had been prepared
amid merriment; it had been both good and abundant, for they had sacrificed
many victims; but the supper was yet to come, and nothing can be conceived
more gruesome than the meal which a goM
ddess and a brave man were soon
to lay before them- for they had brought their doom upon themselves.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Minerva now put it in Penelope's mind to make the suitors try their
skill with the bow and with the iron axes, in contest among themselves,
as a means of bringing about their destruction. She went upstairs
and got the store room key, which was made of bronze and had a handle
of ivory; she then went with her maidens into theM
end of the house, where her husband's treasures of gold, bronze, and
wrought iron were kept, and where was also his bow, and the quiver
full of deadly arrows that had been given him by a friend whom he
had met in Lacedaemon- Iphitus the son of Eurytus. The two fell in
with one another in Messene at the house of Ortilochus, where Ulysses
was staying in order to recover a debt that was owing from the whole
people; for the Messenians had carried off three hundred sheep from
ailed away with them and with their shepherds. In
quest of these Ulysses took a long journey while still quite young,
for his father and the other chieftains sent him on a mission to recover
them. Iphitus had gone there also to try and get back twelve brood
mares that he had lost, and the mule foals that were running with
them. These mares were the death of him in the end, for when he went
to the house of Jove's son, mighty Hercules, who performed such prodigies
of valour, Hercules to his shame killed him, tM
hough he was his guest,
for he feared not heaven's vengeance, nor yet respected his own table
which he had set before Iphitus, but killed him in spite of everything,
and kept the mares himself. It was when claiming these that Iphitus
met Ulysses, and gave him the bow which mighty Eurytus had been used
to carry, and which on his death had been left by him to his son.
Ulysses gave him in return a sword and a spear, and this was the beginning
of a fast friendship, although they never visited at one another's
ouses, for Jove's son Hercules killed Iphitus ere they could do so.
This bow, then, given him by Iphitus, had not been taken with him
by Ulysses when he sailed for Troy; he had used it so long as he had
been at home, but had left it behind as having been a keepsake from
Penelope presently reached the oak threshold of the store room; the
carpenter had planed this duly, and had drawn a line on it so as to
get it quite straight; he had then set the door posts into it and
hung the doors. SheM
loosed the strap from the handle of the door,
put in the key, and drove it straight home to shoot back the bolts
that held the doors; these flew open with a noise like a bull bellowing
in a meadow, and Penelope stepped upon the raised platform, where
the chests stood in which the fair linen and clothes were laid by
along with fragrant herbs: reaching thence, she took down the bow
with its bow case from the peg on which it hung. She sat down with
it on her knees, weeping bitterly as she took the bow out of iM
and when her tears had relieved her, she went to the cloister where
the suitors were, carrying the bow and the quiver, with the many deadly
arrows that were inside it. Along with her came her maidens, bearing
a chest that contained much iron and bronze which her husband had
won as prizes. When she reached the suitors, she stood by one of the
bearing-posts supporting the roof of the cloister, holding a veil
before her face, and with a maid on either side of her. Then she said:
"Listen to me you suM
itors, who persist in abusing the hospitality
of this house because its owner has been long absent, and without
other pretext than that you want to marry me; this, then, being the
prize that you are contending for, I will bring out the mighty bow
of Ulysses, and whomsoever of you shall string it most easily and
send his arrow through each one of twelve axes, him will I follow
and quit this house of my lawful husband, so goodly, and so abounding
in wealth. But even so I doubt not that I shall remember it in mM
As she spoke, she told Eumaeus to set the bow and the pieces of iron
before the suitors, and Eumaeus wept as he took them to do as she
had bidden him. Hard by, the stockman wept also when he saw his master's
bow, but Antinous scolded them. "You country louts," said he, "silly
simpletons; why should you add to the sorrows of your mistress by
crying in this way? She has enough to grieve her in the loss of her
husband; sit still, therefore, and eat your dinners in silence, or
go outside if you wM
ant to cry, and leave the bow behind you. We suitors
shall have to contend for it with might and main, for we shall find
it no light matter to string such a bow as this is. There is not a
man of us all who is such another as Ulysses; for I have seen him
and remember him, though I was then only a child."
This was what he said, but all the time he was expecting to be able
to string the bow and shoot through the iron, whereas in fact he was
to be the first that should taste of the arrows from the hands of
lysses, whom he was dishonouring in his own house- egging the others
Then Telemachus spoke. "Great heavens!" he exclaimed, "Jove must have
robbed me of my senses. Here is my dear and excellent mother saying
she will quit this house and marry again, yet I am laughing and enjoying
myself as though there were nothing happening. But, suitors, as the
contest has been agreed upon, let it go forward. It is for a woman
whose peer is not to be found in Pylos, Argos, or Mycene, nor yet
nor on the mainland. You know this as well as I do; what
need have I to speak in praise of my mother? Come on, then, make no
excuses for delay, but let us see whether you can string the bow or
no. I too will make trial of it, for if I can string it and shoot
through the iron, I shall not suffer my mother to quit this house
with a stranger, not if I can win the prizes which my father won before
As he spoke he sprang from his seat, threw his crimson cloak from
him, and took his sword from his shoulderM
. First he set the axes in
a row, in a long groove which he had dug for them, and had Wade straight
by line. Then he stamped the earth tight round them, and everyone
was surprised when they saw him set up so orderly, though he had never
seen anything of the kind before. This done, he went on to the pavement
to make trial of the bow; thrice did he tug at it, trying with all
his might to draw the string, and thrice he had to leave off, though
he had hoped to string the bow and shoot through the iron. He was
rying for the fourth time, and would have strung it had not Ulysses
made a sign to check him in spite of all his eagerness. So he said:
"Alas! I shall either be always feeble and of no prowess, or I am
too young, and have not yet reached my full strength so as to be able
to hold my own if any one attacks me. You others, therefore, who are
stronger than I, make trial of the bow and get this contest settled."
On this he put the bow down, letting it lean against the door [that
led into the house] with the aM
rrow standing against the top of the
bow. Then he sat down on the seat from which he had risen, and Antinous
"Come on each of you in his turn, going towards the right from the
place at which the. cupbearer begins when he is handing round the
The rest agreed, and Leiodes son of OEnops was the first to rise.
He was sacrificial priest to the suitors, and sat in the corner near
the mixing-bowl. He was the only man who hated their evil deeds and
was indignant with the others. He was now the fM
irst to take the bow
and arrow, so he went on to the pavement to make his trial, but he
could not string the bow, for his hands were weak and unused to hard
work, they therefore soon grew tired, and he said to the suitors,
"My friends, I cannot string it; let another have it; this bow shall
take the life and soul out of many a chief among us, for it is better
to die than to live after having missed the prize that we have so
long striven for, and which has brought us so long together. Some
now hoping and praying that he may marry Penelope,
but when he has seen this bow and tried it, let him woo and make bridal
offerings to some other woman, and let Penelope marry whoever makes
her the best offer and whose lot it is to win her."
On this he put the bow down, letting it lean against the door, with
the arrow standing against the tip of the bow. Then he took his seat
again on the seat from which he had risen; and Antinous rebuked him
"Leiodes, what are you talking about? Your words aM
intolerable; it makes me angry to listen to you. Shall, then, this
bow take the life of many a chief among us, merely because you cannot
bend it yourself? True, you were not born to be an archer, but there
are others who will soon string it."
Then he said to Melanthius the goatherd, "Look sharp, light a fire
in the court, and set a seat hard by with a sheep skin on it; bring
us also a large ball of lard, from what they have in the house. Let
us warm the bow and grease it we will then makM
e trial of it again,
and bring the contest to an end."
Melanthius lit the fire, and set a seat covered with sheep skins beside
it. He also brought a great ball of lard from what they had in the
house, and the suitors warmed the bow and again made trial of it,
but they were none of them nearly strong enough to string it. Nevertheless
there still remained Antinous and Eurymachus, who were the ringleaders
among the suitors and much the foremost among them all.
Then the swineherd and the stockman left theM
cloisters together, and
Ulysses followed them. When they had got outside the gates and the
outer yard, Ulysses said to them quietly:
"Stockman, and you swineherd, I have something in my mind which I
am in doubt whether to say or no; but I think I will say it. What
manner of men would you be to stand by Ulysses, if some god should
bring him back here all of a sudden? Say which you are disposed to
do- to side with the suitors, or with Ulysses?"
"Father Jove," answered the stockman, "would indeed that yM
so ordain it. If some god were but to bring Ulysses back, you should
see with what might and main I would fight for him."
In like words Eumaeus prayed to all the gods that Ulysses might return;
when, therefore, he saw for certain what mind they were of, Ulysses
said, "It is I, Ulysses, who am here. I have suffered much, but at
last, in the twentieth year, I am come back to my own country. I find
that you two alone of all my servants are glad that I should do so,
for I have not heard any of the oM
thers praying for my return. To you
two, therefore, will I unfold the truth as it shall be. If heaven
shall deliver the suitors into my hands, I will find wives for both
of you, will give you house and holding close to my own, and you shall
be to me as though you were brothers and friends of Telemachus. I
will now give you convincing proofs that you may know me and be assured.
See, here is the scar from the boar's tooth that ripped me when I
was out hunting on Mount Parnassus with the sons of Autolycus."
As he spoke he drew his rags aside from the great scar, and when they
had examined it thoroughly, they both of them wept about Ulysses,
threw their arms round him and kissed his head and shoulders, while
Ulysses kissed their hands and faces in return. The sun would have
gone down upon their mourning if Ulysses had not checked them and
"Cease your weeping, lest some one should come outside and see us,
and tell those who a are within. When you go in, do so separately,
not both together; I will go firM
st, and do you follow afterwards;
Let this moreover be the token between us; the suitors will all of
them try to prevent me from getting hold of the bow and quiver; do
you, therefore, Eumaeus, place it in my hands when you are carrying
it about, and tell the women to close the doors of their apartment.
If they hear any groaning or uproar as of men fighting about the house,
they must not come out; they must keep quiet, and stay where they
are at their work. And I charge you, Philoetius, to make fast the
s of the outer court, and to bind them securely at once."
When he had thus spoken, he went back to the house and took the seat
that he had left. Presently, his two servants followed him inside.
At this moment the bow was in the hands of Eurymachus, who was warming
it by the fire, but even so he could not string it, and he was greatly
grieved. He heaved a deep sigh and said, "I grieve for myself and
for us all; I grieve that I shall have to forgo the marriage, but
I do not care nearly so much about this, M
for there are plenty of other
women in Ithaca and elsewhere; what I feel most is the fact of our
being so inferior to Ulysses in strength that we cannot string his
bow. This will disgrace us in the eyes of those who are yet unborn."
"It shall not be so, Eurymachus," said Antinous, "and you know it
yourself. To-day is the feast of Apollo throughout all the land; who
can string a bow on such a day as this? Put it on one side- as for
the axes they can stay where they are, for no one is likely to come
house and take them away: let the cupbearer go round with his
cups, that we may make our drink-offerings and drop this matter of
the bow; we will tell Melanthius to bring us in some goats to-morrow-
the best he has; we can then offer thigh bones to Apollo the mighty
archer, and again make trial of the bow, so as to bring the contest
The rest approved his words, and thereon men servants poured water
over the hands of the guests, while pages filled the mixing-bowls
with wine and water and handeM
d it round after giving every man his
drink-offering. Then, when they had made their offerings and had drunk
each as much as he desired, Ulysses craftily said:
"Suitors of the illustrious queen, listen that I may speak even as
I am minded. I appeal more especially to Eurymachus, and to Antinous
who has just spoken with so much reason. Cease shooting for the present
and leave the matter to the gods, but in the morning let heaven give
victory to whom it will. For the moment, however, give me the bow
may prove the power of my hands among you all, and see whether
I still have as much strength as I used to have, or whether travel
and neglect have made an end of it."
This made them all very angry, for they feared he might string the
bow; Antinous therefore rebuked him fiercely saying, "Wretched creature,
you have not so much as a grain of sense in your whole body; you ought
to think yourself lucky in being allowed to dine unharmed among your
betters, without having any smaller portion served you than weM
have had, and in being allowed to hear our conversation. No other
beggar or stranger has been allowed to hear what we say among ourselves;
the wine must have been doing you a mischief, as it does with all
those drink immoderately. It was wine that inflamed the Centaur Eurytion
when he was staying with Peirithous among the Lapithae. When the wine
had got into his head he went mad and did ill deeds about the house
of Peirithous; this angered the heroes who were there assembled, so
they rushed at him aM
nd cut off his ears and nostrils; then they dragged
him through the doorway out of the house, so he went away crazed,
and bore the burden of his crime, bereft of understanding. Henceforth,
therefore, there was war between mankind and the centaurs, but he
brought it upon himself through his own drunkenness. In like manner
I can tell you that it will go hardly with you if you string the bow:
you will find no mercy from any one here, for we shall at once ship
you off to king Echetus, who kills every one that coM
you will never get away alive, so drink and keep quiet without getting
into a quarrel with men younger than yourself."
Penelope then spoke to him. "Antinous," said she, "it is not right
that you should ill-treat any guest of Telemachus who comes to this
house. If the stranger should prove strong enough to string the mighty
bow of Ulysses, can you suppose that he would take me home with him
and make me his wife? Even the man himself can have no such idea in
his mind: none of you need let thaM
t disturb his feasting; it would
be out of all reason."
"Queen Penelope," answered Eurymachus, "we do not suppose that this
man will take you away with him; it is impossible; but we are afraid
lest some of the baser sort, men or women among the Achaeans, should
go gossiping about and say, 'These suitors are a feeble folk; they
are paying court to the wife of a brave man whose bow not one of them
was able to string, and yet a beggarly tramp who came to the house
strung it at once and sent an arrow throughM
the iron.' This is what
will be said, and it will be a scandal against us."
"Eurymachus," Penelope answered, "people who persist in eating up
the estate of a great chieftain and dishonouring his house must not
expect others to think well of them. Why then should you mind if men
talk as you think they will? This stranger is strong and well-built,
he says moreover that he is of noble birth. Give him the bow, and
let us see whether he can string it or no. I say- and it shall surely
be- that if Apollo vouchM
safes him the glory of stringing it, I will
give him a cloak and shirt of good wear, with a javelin to keep off
dogs and robbers, and a sharp sword. I will also give him sandals,
and will see him sent safely whereever he wants to go."
Then Telemachus said, "Mother, I am the only man either in Ithaca
or in the islands that are over against Elis who has the right to
let any one have the bow or to refuse it. No one shall force me one
way or the other, not even though I choose to make the stranger a
of the bow outright, and let him take it away with him. Go,
then, within the house and busy yourself with your daily duties, your
loom, your distaff, and the ordering of your servants. This bow is
a man's matter, and mine above all others, for it is I who am master
She went wondering back into the house, and laid her son's saying
in her heart. Then going upstairs with her handmaids into her room,
she mourned her dear husband till Minerva sent sweet sleep over her
The swineherd now tooM
k up the bow and was for taking it to Ulysses,
but the suitors clamoured at him from all parts of the cloisters,
and one of them said, "You idiot, where are you taking the bow to?
Are you out of your wits? If Apollo and the other gods will grant
our prayer, your own boarhounds shall get you into some quiet little
place, and worry you to death."
Eumaeus was frightened at the outcry they all raised, so he put the
bow down then and there, but Telemachus shouted out at him from the
other side of the cloisterM
s, and threatened him saying, "Father Eumaeus,
bring the bow on in spite of them, or young as I am I will pelt you
with stones back to the country, for I am the better man of the two.
I wish I was as much stronger than all the other suitors in the house
as I am than you, I would soon send some of them off sick and sorry,
for they mean mischief."
Thus did he speak, and they all of them laughed heartily, which put
them in a better humour with Telemachus; so Eumaeus brought the bow
on and placed it in the hM
ands of Ulysses. When he had done this, he
called Euryclea apart and said to her, "Euryclea, Telemachus says
you are to close the doors of the women's apartments. If they hear
any groaning or uproar as of men fighting about the house, they are
not to come out, but are to keep quiet and stay where they are at
Euryclea did as she was told and closed the doors of the women's apartments.
Meanwhile Philoetius slipped quietly out and made fast the gates of
the outer court. There was a ship's cabM
le of byblus fibre lying in
the gatehouse, so he made the gates fast with it and then came in
again, resuming the seat that he had left, and keeping an eye on Ulysses,
who had now got the bow in his hands, and was turning it every way
about, and proving it all over to see whether the worms had been eating
into its two horns during his absence. Then would one turn towards
his neighbour saying, "This is some tricky old bow-fancier; either
he has got one like it at home, or he wants to make one, in such workmanM
style does the old vagabond handle it."
Another said, "I hope he may be no more successful in other things
than he is likely to be in stringing this bow."
But Ulysses, when he had taken it up and examined it all over, strung
it as easily as a skilled bard strings a new peg of his lyre and makes
the twisted gut fast at both ends. Then he took it in his right hand
to prove the string, and it sang sweetly under his touch like the
twittering of a swallow. The suitors were dismayed, and turned colour
as they heard it; at that moment, moreover, Jove thundered loudly
as a sign, and the heart of Ulysses rejoiced as he heard the omen
that the son of scheming Saturn had sent him.
He took an arrow that was lying upon the table- for those which the
Achaeans were so shortly about to taste were all inside the quiver-
he laid it on the centre-piece of the bow, and drew the notch of the
arrow and the string toward him, still seated on his seat. When he
had taken aim he let fly, and his arrow pierced every one oM
of the axes from the first onwards till it had gone right through
them, and into the outer courtyard. Then he said to Telemachus:
"Your guest has not disgraced you, Telemachus. I did not miss what
I aimed at, and I was not long in stringing my bow. I am still strong,
and not as the suitors twit me with being. Now, however, it is time
for the Achaeans to prepare supper while there is still daylight,
and then otherwise to disport themselves with song and dance which
are the crowning ornamM
ents of a banquet."
As he spoke he made a sign with his eyebrows, and Telemachus girded
on his sword, grasped his spear, and stood armed beside his father's
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Then Ulysses tore off his rags, and sprang on to the broad pavement
with his bow and his quiver full of arrows. He shed the arrows on
to the ground at his feet and said, "The mighty contest is at an end.
I will now see whether Apollo will vouchsafe it to meM
mark which no man has yet hit."
On this he aimed a deadly arrow at Antinous, who was about to take
up a two-handled gold cup to drink his wine and already had it in
his hands. He had no thought of death- who amongst all the revellers
would think that one man, however brave, would stand alone among so
many and kill him? The arrow struck Antinous in the throat, and the
point went clean through his neck, so that he fell over and the cup
dropped from his hand, while a thick stream of blood guM
nostrils. He kicked the table from him and upset the things on it,
so that the bread and roasted meats were all soiled as they fell over
on to the ground. The suitors were in an uproar when they saw that
a man had been hit; they sprang in dismay one and all of them from
their seats and looked everywhere towards the walls, but there was
neither shield nor spear, and they rebuked Ulysses very angrily. "Stranger,"
said they, "you shall pay for shooting people in this way: om yi you
ther contest; you are a doomed man; he whom you have
slain was the foremost youth in Ithaca, and the vultures shall devour
you for having killed him."
Thus they spoke, for they thought that he had killed Antinous by mistake,
and did not perceive that death was hanging over the head of every
one of them. But Ulysses glared at them and said:
"Dogs, did you think that I should not come back from Troy? You have
wasted my substance, have forced my women servants to lie with you,
and have wooed my wife whilM
e I was still living. You have feared neither
Cod nor man, and now you shall die."
They turned pale with fear as he spoke, and every man looked round
about to see whither he might fly for safety, but Eurymachus alone
"If you are Ulysses," said he, "then what you have said is just. We
have done much wrong on your lands and in your house. But Antinous
who was the head and front of the offending lies low already. It was
all his doing. It was not that he wanted to marry Penelope; he did
h care about that; what he wanted was something quite different,
and Jove has not vouchsafed it to him; he wanted to kill your son
and to be chief man in Ithaca. Now, therefore, that he has met the
death which was his due, spare the lives of your people. We will make
everything good among ourselves, and pay you in full for all that
we have eaten and drunk. Each one of us shall pay you a fine worth
twenty oxen, and we will keep on giving you gold and bronze till your
heart is softened. Until we have done thisM
no one can complain of
your being enraged against us."
Ulysses again glared at him and said, "Though you should give me all
that you have in the world both now and all that you ever shall have,
I will not stay my hand till I have paid all of you in full. You must
fight, or fly for your lives; and fly, not a man of you shall."
Their hearts sank as they heard him, but Eurymachus again spoke saying:
"My friends, this man will give us no quarter. He will stand where
he is and shoot us down till he has kM
illed every man among us. Let
us then show fight; draw your swords, and hold up the tables to shield
you from his arrows. Let us have at him with a rush, to drive him
from the pavement and doorway: we can then get through into the town,
and raise such an alarm as shall soon stay his shooting."
As he spoke he drew his keen blade of bronze, sharpened on both sides,
and with a loud cry sprang towards Ulysses, but Ulysses instantly
shot an arrow into his breast that caught him by the nipple and fixed
n his liver. He dropped his sword and fell doubled up over
his table. The cup and all the meats went over on to the ground as
he smote the earth with his forehead in the agonies of death, and
he kicked the stool with his feet until his eyes were closed in darkness.
Then Amphinomus drew his sword and made straight at Ulysses to try
and get him away from the door; but Telemachus was too quick for him,
and struck him from behind; the spear caught him between the shoulders
and went right through his chest, so M
that he fell heavily to the ground
and struck the earth with his forehead. Then Telemachus sprang away
from him, leaving his spear still in the body, for he feared that
if he stayed to draw it out, some one of the Achaeans might come up
and hack at him with his sword, or knock him down, so he set off at
a run, and immediately was at his father's side. Then he said:
"Father, let me bring you a shield, two spears, and a brass helmet
for your temples. I will arm myself as well, and will bring other
r the swineherd and the stockman, for we had better be armed."
"Run and fetch them," answered Ulysses, "while my arrows hold out,
or when I am alone they may get me away from the door."
Telemachus did as his father said, and went off to the store room
where the armour was kept. He chose four shields, eight spears, and
four brass helmets with horse-hair plumes. He brought them with all
speed to his father, and armed himself first, while the stockman and
the swineherd also put on their armour, and took thM
Ulysses. Meanwhile Ulysses, as long as his arrows lasted, had been
shooting the suitors one by one, and they fell thick on one another:
when his arrows gave out, he set the bow to stand against the end
wall of the house by the door post, and hung a shield four hides thick
about his shoulders; on his comely head he set his helmet, well wrought
with a crest of horse-hair that nodded menacingly above it, and he
grasped two redoubtable bronze-shod spears.
Now there was a trap door on the wallM
, while at one end of the pavement
there was an exit leading to a narrow passage, and this exit was closed
by a well-made door. Ulysses told Philoetius to stand by this door
and guard it, for only one person could attack it at a time. But Agelaus
shouted out, "Cannot some one go up to the trap door and tell the
people what is going on? Help would come at once, and we should soon
make an end of this man and his shooting."
"This may not be, Agelaus," answered Melanthius, "the mouth of the
dangerously near the entrance to the outer court.
One brave man could prevent any number from getting in. But I know
what I will do, I will bring you arms from the store room, for I am
sure it is there that Ulysses and his son have put them."
On this the goatherd Melanthius went by back passages to the store
room of Ulysses, house. There he chose twelve shields, with as many
helmets and spears, and brought them back as fast as he could to give
them to the suitors. Ulysses' heart began to fail him when he M
the suitors putting on their armour and brandishing their spears.
He saw the greatness of the danger, and said to Telemachus, "Some
one of the women inside is helping the suitors against us, or it may
Telemachus answered, "The fault, father, is mine, and mine only; I
left the store room door open, and they have kept a sharper look out
than I have. Go, Eumaeus, put the door to, and see whether it is one
of the women who is doing this, or whether, as I suspect, it is Melanthius
Thus did they converse. Meanwhile Melanthius was again going to the
store room to fetch more armour, but the swineherd saw him and said
to Ulysses who was beside him, "Ulysses, noble son of Laertes, it
is that scoundrel Melanthius, just as we suspected, who is going to
the store room. Say, shall I kill him, if I can get the better of
him, or shall I bring him here that you may take your own revenge
for all the many wrongs that he has done in your house?"
Ulysses answered, "Telemachus and IM
will hold these suitors in check,
no matter what they do; go back both of you and bind Melanthius' hands
and feet behind him. Throw him into the store room and make the door
fast behind you; then fasten a noose about his body, and string him
close up to the rafters from a high bearing-post, that he may linger
Thus did he speak, and they did even as he had said; they went to
the store room, which they entered before Melanthius saw them, for
he was busy searching for arms in the innermostM
so the two took their stand on either side of the door and waited.
By and by Melanthius came out with a helmet in one hand, and an old
dry-rotted shield in the other, which had been borne by Laertes when
he was young, but which had been long since thrown aside, and the
straps had become unsewn; on this the two seized him, dragged him
back by the hair, and threw him struggling to the ground. They bent
his hands and feet well behind his back, and bound them tight with
a painful bond as UlysM
ses had told them; then they fastened a noose
about his body and strung him up from a high pillar till he was close
up to the rafters, and over him did you then vaunt, O swineherd Eumaeus,
saying, "Melanthius, you will pass the night on a soft bed as you
deserve. You will know very well when morning comes from the streams
of Oceanus, and it is time for you to be driving in your goats for
the suitors to feast on."
There, then, they left him in very cruel bondage, and having put on
their armour they closedM
the door behind them and went back to take
their places by the side of Ulysses; whereon the four men stood in
the cloister, fierce and full of fury; nevertheless, those who were
in the body of the court were still both brave and many. Then Jove's
daughter Minerva came up to them, having assumed the voice and form
of Mentor. Ulysses was glad when he saw her and said, "Mentor, lend
me your help, and forget not your old comrade, nor the many good turns
he has done you. Besides, you are my age-mate."
l the time he felt sure it was Minerva, and the suitors from
the other side raised an uproar when they saw her. Agelaus was the
first to reproach her. "Mentor," he cried, "do not let Ulysses beguile
you into siding with him and fighting the suitors. This is what we
will do: when we have killed these people, father and son, we will
kill you too. You shall pay for it with your head, and when we have
killed you, we will take all you have, in doors or out, and bring
it into hotch-pot with Ulysses' property; we wM
ill not let your sons
live in your house, nor your daughters, nor shall your widow continue
to live in the city of Ithaca."
This made Minerva still more furious, so she scolded Ulysses very
angrily. "Ulysses," said she, "your strength and prowess are no longer
what they were when you fought for nine long years among the Trojans
about the noble lady Helen. You killed many a man in those days, and
it was through your stratagem that Priam's city was taken. How comes
it that you are so lamentably less valianM
t now that you are on your
own ground, face to face with the suitors in your own house? Come
on, my good fellow, stand by my side and see how Mentor, son of Alcinous
shall fight your foes and requite your kindnesses conferred upon him."
But she would not give him full victory as yet, for she wished still
further to prove his own prowess and that of his brave son, so she
flew up to one of the rafters in the roof of the cloister and sat
upon it in the form of a swallow.
Meanwhile Agelaus son of Damastor,M
Eurynomus, Amphimedon, Demoptolemus,
Pisander, and Polybus son of Polyctor bore the brunt of the fight
upon the suitors' side; of all those who were still fighting for their
lives they were by far the most valiant, for the others had already
fallen under the arrows of Ulysses. Agelaus shouted to them and said,
"My friends, he will soon have to leave off, for Mentor has gone away
after having done nothing for him but brag. They are standing at the
doors unsupported. Do not aim at him all at once, but six of M
your spears first, and see if you cannot cover yourselves with glory
by killing him. When he has fallen we need not be uneasy about the
They threw their spears as he bade them, but Minerva made them all
of no effect. One hit the door post; another went against the door;
the pointed shaft of another struck the wall; and as soon as they
had avoided all the spears of the suitors Ulysses said to his own
men, "My friends, I should say we too had better let drive into the
they will crown all the harm they have done us
They therefore aimed straight in front of them and threw their spears.
Ulysses killed Demoptolemus, Telemachus Euryades, Eumaeus Elatus,
while the stockman killed Pisander. These all bit the dust, and as
the others drew back into a corner Ulysses and his men rushed forward
and regained their spears by drawing them from the bodies of the dead.
The suitors now aimed a second time, but again Minerva made their
weapons for the most part withoM
ut effect. One hit a bearing-post of
the cloister; another went against the door; while the pointed shaft
of another struck the wall. Still, Amphimedon just took a piece of
the top skin from off Telemachus's wrist, and Ctesippus managed to
graze Eumaeus's shoulder above his shield; but the spear went on and
fell to the ground. Then Ulysses and his men let drive into the crowd
of suitors. Ulysses hit Eurydamas, Telemachus Amphimedon, and Eumaeus
Polybus. After this the stockman hit Ctesippus in the breast, anM
taunted him saying, "Foul-mouthed son of Polytherses, do not be so
foolish as to talk wickedly another time, but let heaven direct your
speech, for the gods are far stronger than men. I make you a present
of this advice to repay you for the foot which you gave Ulysses when
he was begging about in his own house."
Thus spoke the stockman, and Ulysses struck the son of Damastor with
a spear in close fight, while Telemachus hit Leocritus son of Evenor
in the belly, and the dart went clean through him, so tM
forward full on his face upon the ground. Then Minerva from her seat
on the rafter held up her deadly aegis, and the hearts of the suitors
quailed. They fled to the other end of the court like a herd of cattle
maddened by the gadfly in early summer when the days are at their
longest. As eagle-beaked, crook-taloned vultures from the mountains
swoop down on the smaller birds that cower in flocks upon the ground,
and kill them, for they cannot either fight or fly, and lookers on
enjoy the sport- evM
en so did Ulysses and his men fall upon the suitors
and smite them on every side. They made a horrible groaning as their
brains were being battered in, and the ground seethed with their blood.
Leiodes then caught the knees of Ulysses and said, "Ulysses I beseech
you have mercy upon me and spare me. I never wronged any of the women
in your house either in word or deed, and I tried to stop the others.
I saw them, but they would not listen, and now they are paying for
their folly. I was their sacrificing prieM
st; if you kill me, I shall
die without having done anything to deserve it, and shall have got
no thanks for all the good that I did."
Ulysses looked sternly at him and answered, "If you were their sacrificing
priest, you must have prayed many a time that it might be long before
I got home again, and that you might marry my wife and have children
by her. Therefore you shall die."
With these words he picked up the sword that Agelaus had dropped when
he was being killed, and which was lying upon the groM
struck Leiodes on the back of his neck, so that his head fell rolling
in the dust while he was yet speaking.
The minstrel Phemius son of Terpes- he who had been forced by the
suitors to sing to them- now tried to save his life. He was standing
near towards the trap door, and held his lyre in his hand. He did
not know whether to fly out of the cloister and sit down by the altar
of Jove that was in the outer court, and on which both Laertes and
Ulysses had offered up the thigh bones of many anM
go straight up to Ulysses and embrace his knees, but in the end he
deemed it best to embrace Ulysses' knees. So he laid his lyre on the
ground the ground between the mixing-bowl and the silver-studded seat;
then going up to Ulysses he caught hold of his knees and said, "Ulysses,
I beseech you have mercy on me and spare me. You will be sorry for
it afterwards if you kill a bard who can sing both for gods and men
as I can. I make all my lays myself, and heaven visits me with every
nspiration. I would sing to you as though you were a god,
do not therefore be in such a hurry to cut my head off. Your own son
Telemachus will tell you that I did not want to frequent your house
and sing to the suitors after their meals, but they were too many
and too strong for me, so they made me."
Telemachus heard him, and at once went up to his father. "Hold!" he
cried, "the man is guiltless, do him no hurt; and we will Medon too,
who was always good to me when I was a boy, unless Philoetius or EumaeuM
has already killed him, or he has fallen in your way when you were
raging about the court."
Medon caught these words of Telemachus, for he was crouching under
a seat beneath which he had hidden by covering himself up with a freshly
flayed heifer's hide, so he threw off the hide, went up to Telemachus,
and laid hold of his knees.
"Here I am, my dear sir," said he, "stay your hand therefore, and
tell your father, or he will kill me in his rage against the suitors
for having wasted his substance and bM
een so foolishly disrespectful
Ulysses smiled at him and answered, "Fear not; Telemachus has saved
your life, that you may know in future, and tell other people, how
greatly better good deeds prosper than evil ones. Go, therefore, outside
the cloisters into the outer court, and be out of the way of the slaughter-
you and the bard- while I finish my work here inside."
The pair went into the outer court as fast as they could, and sat
down by Jove's great altar, looking fearfully round, andM
that they would be killed. Then Ulysses searched the whole court carefully
over, to see if anyone had managed to hide himself and was still living,
but he found them all lying in the dust and weltering in their blood.
They were like fishes which fishermen have netted out of the sea,
and thrown upon the beach to lie gasping for water till the heat of
the sun makes an end of them. Even so were the suitors lying all huddled
up one against the other.
Then Ulysses said to Telemachus, "Call nuM
rse Euryclea; I have something
Telemachus went and knocked at the door of the women's room. "Make
haste," said he, "you old woman who have been set over all the other
women in the house. Come outside; my father wishes to speak to you."
When Euryclea heard this she unfastened the door of the women's room
and came out, following Telemachus. She found Ulysses among the corpses
bespattered with blood and filth like a lion that has just been devouring
an ox, and his breast and both his cheekM
s are all bloody, so that
he is a fearful sight; even so was Ulysses besmirched from head to
foot with gore. When she saw all the corpses and such a quantity of
blood, she was beginning to cry out for joy, for she saw that a great
deed had been done; but Ulysses checked her, "Old woman," said he,
"rejoice in silence; restrain yourself, and do not make any noise
about it; it is an unholy thing to vaunt over dead men. Heaven's doom
and their own evil deeds have brought these men to destruction, for
cted no man in the whole world, neither rich nor poor, who
came near them, and they have come to a bad end as a punishment for
their wickedness and folly. Now, however, tell me which of the women
in the house have misconducted themselves, and who are innocent."
"I will tell you the truth, my son," answered Euryclea. "There are
fifty women in the house whom we teach to do things, such as carding
wool, and all kinds of household work. Of these, twelve in all have
misbehaved, and have been wanting in respect M
to me, and also to Penelope.
They showed no disrespect to Telemachus, for he has only lately grown
and his mother never permitted him to give orders to the female servants;
but let me go upstairs and tell your wife all that has happened, for
some god has been sending her to sleep."
"Do not wake her yet," answered Ulysses, "but tell the women who have
misconducted themselves to come to me."
Euryclea left the cloister to tell the women, and make them come to
Ulysses; in the meantime he called TelemachusM
, the stockman, and the
swineherd. "Begin," said he, "to remove the dead, and make the women
help you. Then, get sponges and clean water to swill down the tables
and seats. When you have thoroughly cleansed the whole cloisters,
take the women into the space between the domed room and the wall
of the outer court, and run them through with your swords till they
are quite dead, and have forgotten all about love and the way in which
they used to lie in secret with the suitors."
On this the women came down inM
a body, weeping and wailing bitterly.
First they carried the dead bodies out, and propped them up against
one another in the gatehouse. Ulysses ordered them about and made
them do their work quickly, so they had to carry the bodies out. When
they had done this, they cleaned all the tables and seats with sponges
and water, while Telemachus and the two others shovelled up the blood
and dirt from the ground, and the women carried it all away and put
it out of doors. Then when they had made the whole place quitM
and orderly, they took the women out and hemmed them in the narrow
space between the wall of the domed room and that of the yard, so
that they could not get away: and Telemachus said to the other two,
"I shall not let these women die a clean death, for they were insolent
to me and my mother, and used to sleep with the suitors."
So saying he made a ship's cable fast to one of the bearing-posts
that supported the roof of the domed room, and secured it all around
the building, at a good height, lest M
any of the women's feet should
touch the ground; and as thrushes or doves beat against a net that
has been set for them in a thicket just as they were getting to their
nest, and a terrible fate awaits them, even so did the women have
to put their heads in nooses one after the other and die most miserably.
Their feet moved convulsively for a while, but not for very long.
As for Melanthius, they took him through the cloister into the inner
court. There they cut off his nose and his ears; they drew out his
itals and gave them to the dogs raw, and then in their fury they
cut off his hands and his feet.
When they had done this they washed their hands and feet and went
back into the house, for all was now over; and Ulysses said to the
dear old nurse Euryclea, "Bring me sulphur, which cleanses all pollution,
and fetch fire also that I may burn it, and purify the cloisters.
Go, moreover, and tell Penelope to come here with her attendants,
and also all the maid servants that are in the house."
ave said is true," answered Euryclea, "but let me bring
you some clean clothes- a shirt and cloak. Do not keep these rags
on your back any longer. It is not right."
"First light me a fire," replied Ulysses.
She brought the fire and sulphur, as he had bidden her, and Ulysses
thoroughly purified the cloisters and both the inner and outer courts.
Then she went inside to call the women and tell them what had happened;
whereon they came from their apartment with torches in their hands,
and pressed round UlysM
ses to embrace him, kissing his head and shoulders
and taking hold of his hands. It made him feel as if he should like
to weep, for he remembered every one of them.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Euryclea now went upstairs laughing to tell her mistress that her
dear husband had come home. Her aged knees became young again and
her feet were nimble for joy as she went up to her mistress and bent
over her head to speak to her. "Wake up Penelope, my dearM
she exclaimed, "and see with your own eyes something that you have
been wanting this long time past. Ulysses has at last indeed come
home again, and has killed the suitors who were giving so much trouble
in his house, eating up his estate and ill-treating his son."
"My good nurse," answered Penelope, "you must be mad. The gods sometimes
send some very sensible people out of their minds, and make foolish
people become sensible. This is what they must have been doing to
you; for you always used to M
be a reasonable person. Why should you
thus mock me when I have trouble enough already- talking such nonsense,
and waking me up out of a sweet sleep that had taken possession of
my eyes and closed them? I have never slept so soundly from the day
my poor husband went to that city with the ill-omened name. Go back
again into the women's room; if it had been any one else, who had
woke me up to bring me such absurd news I should have sent her away
with a severe scolding. As it is, your age shall protect you."
"My dear child," answered Euryclea, "I am not mocking you. It is quite
true as I tell you that Ulysses is come home again. He was the stranger
whom they all kept on treating so badly in the cloister. Telemachus
knew all the time that he was come back, but kept his father's secret
that he might have his revenge on all these wicked people.
Then Penelope sprang up from her couch, threw her arms round Euryclea,
and wept for joy. "But my dear nurse," said she, "explain this to
me; if he has really come home asM
you say, how did he manage to overcome
the wicked suitors single handed, seeing what a number of them there
"I was not there," answered Euryclea, "and do not know; I only heard
them groaning while they were being killed. We sat crouching and huddled
up in a corner of the women's room with the doors closed, till your
son came to fetch me because his father sent him. Then I found Ulysses
standing over the corpses that were lying on the ground all round
him, one on top of the other. You wouldM
have enjoyed it if you could
have seen him standing there all bespattered with blood and filth,
and looking just like a lion. But the corpses are now all piled up
in the gatehouse that is in the outer court, and Ulysses has lit a
great fire to purify the house with sulphur. He has sent me to call
you, so come with me that you may both be happy together after all;
for now at last the desire of your heart has been fulfilled; your
husband is come home to find both wife and son alive and well, and
revenge in his own house on the suitors who behaved so
"'My dear nurse," said Penelope, "do not exult too confidently over
all this. You know how delighted every one would be to see Ulysses
come home- more particularly myself, and the son who has been born
to both of us; but what you tell me cannot be really true. It is some
god who is angry with the suitors for their great wickedness, and
has made an end of them; for they respected no man in the whole world,
neither rich nor poor, who camM
e near them, who came near them, and
they have come to a bad end in consequence of their iniquity. Ulysses
is dead far away from the Achaean land; he will never return home
Then nurse Euryclea said, "My child, what are you talking about? but
you were all hard of belief and have made up your mind that your husband
is never coming, although he is in the house and by his own fire side
at this very moment. Besides I can give you another proof; when I
was washing him I perceived the scar which the wilM
and I wanted to tell you about it, but in his wisdom he would not
let me, and clapped his hands over my mouth; so come with me and I
will make this bargain with you- if I am deceiving you, you may have
me killed by the most cruel death you can think of."
"My dear nurse," said Penelope, "however wise you may be you can hardly
fathom the counsels of the gods. Nevertheless, we will go in search
of my son, that I may see the corpses of the suitors, and the man
who has killed them."
is she came down from her upper room, and while doing so she
considered whether she should keep at a distance from her husband
and question him, or whether she should at once go up to him and embrace
him. When, however, she had crossed the stone floor of the cloister,
she sat down opposite Ulysses by the fire, against the wall at right
angles [to that by which she had entered], while Ulysses sat near
one of the bearing-posts, looking upon the ground, and waiting to
see what his wife would say to him when sheM
saw him. For a long time
she sat silent and as one lost in amazement. At one moment she looked
him full in the face, but then again directly, she was misled by his
shabby clothes and failed to recognize him, till Telemachus began
to reproach her and said:
"Mother- but you are so hard that I cannot call you by such a name-
why do you keep away from my father in this way? Why do you not sit
by his side and begin talking to him and asking him questions? No
other woman could bear to keep away from her husbaM
back to her after twenty years of absence, and after having gone through
so much; but your heart always was as hard as a stone."
Penelope answered, "My son, I am so lost in astonishment that I can
find no words in which either to ask questions or to answer them.
I cannot even look him straight in the face. Still, if he really is
Ulysses come back to his own home again, we shall get to understand
one another better by and by, for there are tokens with which we two
are alone acquainted,M
and which are hidden from all others."
Ulysses smiled at this, and said to Telemachus, "Let your mother put
me to any proof she likes; she will make up her mind about it presently.
She rejects me for the moment and believes me to be somebody else,
because I am covered with dirt and have such bad clothes on; let us,
however, consider what we had better do next. When one man has killed
another, even though he was not one who would leave many friends to
take up his quarrel, the man who has killed him must stM
bye to his friends and fly the country; whereas we have been killing
the stay of a whole town, and all the picked youth of Ithaca. I would
have you consider this matter."
"Look to it yourself, father," answered Telemachus, "for they say
you are the wisest counsellor in the world, and that there is no other
mortal man who can compare with you. We will follow you with right
good will, nor shall you find us fail you in so far as our strength
"I will say what I think will be bestM
," answered Ulysses. "First wash
and put your shirts on; tell the maids also to go to their own room
and dress; Phemius shall then strike up a dance tune on his lyre,
so that if people outside hear, or any of the neighbours, or some
one going along the street happens to notice it, they may think there
is a wedding in the house, and no rumours about the death of the suitors
will get about in the town, before we can escape to the woods upon
my own land. Once there, we will settle which of the courses heaven
ouchsafes us shall seem wisest."
Thus did he speak, and they did even as he had said. First they washed
and put their shirts on, while the women got ready. Then Phemius took
his lyre and set them all longing for sweet song and stately dance.
The house re-echoed with the sound of men and women dancing, and the
people outside said, "I suppose the queen has been getting married
at last. She ought to be ashamed of herself for not continuing to
protect her husband's property until he comes home."
what they said, but they did not know what it was that had
been happening. The upper servant Eurynome washed and anointed Ulysses
in his own house and gave him a shirt and cloak, while Minerva made
him look taller and stronger than before; she also made the hair grow
thick on the top of his head, and flow down in curls like hyacinth
blossoms; she glorified him about the head and shoulders just as a
skilful workman who has studied art of all kinds under Vulcan or Minerva-
and his work is full of beauty- enricM
hes a piece of silver plate by
gilding it. He came from the bath looking like one of the immortals,
and sat down opposite his wife on the seat he had left. "My dear,"
said he, "heaven has endowed you with a heart more unyielding than
woman ever yet had. No other woman could bear to keep away from her
husband when he had come back to her after twenty years of absence,
and after having gone through so much. But come, nurse, get a bed
ready for me; I will sleep alone, for this woman has a heart as hard
"My dear," answered Penelope, "I have no wish to set myself up, nor
to depreciate you; but I am not struck by your appearance, for I very
well remember what kind of a man you were when you set sail from Ithaca.
Nevertheless, Euryclea, take his bed outside the bed chamber that
he himself built. Bring the bed outside this room, and put bedding
upon it with fleeces, good coverlets, and blankets."
She said this to try him, but Ulysses was very angry and said, "Wife,
I am much displeased at what you havM
e just been saying. Who has been
taking my bed from the place in which I left it? He must have found
it a hard task, no matter how skilled a workman he was, unless some
god came and helped him to shift it. There is no man living, however
strong and in his prime, who could move it from its place, for it
is a marvellous curiosity which I made with my very own hands. There
was a young olive growing within the precincts of the house, in full
vigour, and about as thick as a bearing-post. I built my room round
is with strong walls of stone and a roof to cover them, and I made
the doors strong and well-fitting. Then I cut off the top boughs of
the olive tree and left the stump standing. This I dressed roughly
from the root upwards and then worked with carpenter's tools well
and skilfully, straightening my work by drawing a line on the wood,
and making it into a bed-prop. I then bored a hole down the middle,
and made it the centre-post of my bed, at which I worked till I had
finished it, inlaying it with gold and siM
lver; after this I stretched
a hide of crimson leather from one side of it to the other. So you
see I know all about it, and I desire to learn whether it is still
there, or whether any one has been removing it by cutting down the
olive tree at its roots."
When she heard the sure proofs Ulysses now gave her, she fairly broke
down. She flew weeping to his side, flung her arms about his neck,
and kissed him. "Do not be angry with me Ulysses," she cried, "you,
who are the wisest of mankind. We have suffered,M
has denied us the happiness of spending our youth, and of growing
old, together; do not then be aggrieved or take it amiss that I did
not embrace you thus as soon as I saw you. I have been shuddering
all the time through fear that someone might come here and deceive
me with a lying story; for there are many very wicked people going
about. Jove's daughter Helen would never have yielded herself to a
man from a foreign country, if she had known that the sons of Achaeans
would come after herM
and bring her back. Heaven put it in her heart
to do wrong, and she gave no thought to that sin, which has been the
source of all our sorrows. Now, however, that you have convinced me
by showing that you know all about our bed (which no human being has
ever seen but you and I and a single maid servant, the daughter of
Actor, who was given me by my father on my marriage, and who keeps
the doors of our room) hard of belief though I have been I can mistrust
Then Ulysses in his turn melted, and M
wept as he clasped his dear and
faithful wife to his bosom. As the sight of land is welcome to men
who are swimming towards the shore, when Neptune has wrecked their
ship with the fury of his winds and waves- a few alone reach the land,
and these, covered with brine, are thankful when they find themselves
on firm ground and out of danger- even so was her husband welcome
to her as she looked upon him, and she could not tear her two fair
arms from about his neck. Indeed they would have gone on indulging
sorrow till rosy-fingered morn appeared, had not Minerva determined
otherwise, and held night back in the far west, while she would not
suffer Dawn to leave Oceanus, nor to yoke the two steeds Lampus and
Phaethon that bear her onward to break the day upon mankind.
At last, however, Ulysses said, "Wife, we have not yet reached the
end of our troubles. I have an unknown amount of toil still to undergo.
It is long and difficult, but I must go through with it, for thus
the shade of Teiresias prophesied concerM
ning me, on the day when I
went down into Hades to ask about my return and that of my companions.
But now let us go to bed, that we may lie down and enjoy the blessed
"You shall go to bed as soon as you please," replied Penelope, "now
that the gods have sent you home to your own good house and to your
country. But as heaven has put it in your mind to speak of it, tell
me about the task that lies before you. I shall have to hear about
it later, so it is better that I should be told at onceM
"My dear," answered Ulysses, "why should you press me to tell you?
Still, I will not conceal it from you, though you will not like it.
I do not like it myself, for Teiresias bade me travel far and wide,
carrying an oar, till I came to a country where the people have never
heard of the sea, and do not even mix salt with their food. They know
nothing about ships, nor oars that are as the wings of a ship. He
gave me this certain token which I will not hide from you. He said
that a wayfarer should meet me M
and ask me whether it was a winnowing
shovel that I had on my shoulder. On this, I was to fix my oar in
the ground and sacrifice a ram, a bull, and a boar to Neptune; after
which I was to go home and offer hecatombs to all the gods in heaven,
one after the other. As for myself, he said that death should come
to me from the sea, and that my life should ebb away very gently when
I was full of years and peace of mind, and my people should bless
me. All this, he said, should surely come to pass."
e said, "If the gods are going to vouchsafe you a happier
time in your old age, you may hope then to have some respite from
Thus did they converse. Meanwhile Eurynome and the nurse took torches
and made the bed ready with soft coverlets; as soon as they had laid
them, the nurse went back into the house to go to her rest, leaving
the bed chamber woman Eurynome to show Ulysses and Penelope to bed
by torch light. When she had conducted them to their room she went
back, and they then came joyfulM
ly to the rites of their own old bed.
Telemachus, Philoetius, and the swineherd now left off dancing, and
made the women leave off also. They then laid themselves down to sleep
When Ulysses and Penelope had had their fill of love they fell talking
with one another. She told him how much she had had to bear in seeing
the house filled with a crowd of wicked suitors who had killed so
many sheep and oxen on her account, and had drunk so many casks of
wine. Ulysses in his turn told her what M
he had suffered, and how much
trouble he had himself given to other people. He told her everything,
and she was so delighted to listen that she never went to sleep till
he had ended his whole story.
He began with his victory over the Cicons, and how he thence reached
the fertile land of the Lotus-eaters. He told her all about the Cyclops
and how he had punished him for having so ruthlessly eaten his brave
comrades; how he then went on to Aeolus, who received him hospitably
and furthered him on his way, bM
ut even so he was not to reach home,
for to his great grief a hurricane carried him out to sea again; how
he went on to the Laestrygonian city Telepylos, where the people destroyed
all his ships with their crews, save himself and his own ship only.
Then he told of cunning Circe and her craft, and how he sailed to
the chill house of Hades, to consult the ghost of the Theban prophet
Teiresias, and how he saw his old comrades in arms, and his mother
who bore him and brought him up when he was a child; how he thM
the wondrous singing of the Sirens, and went on to the wandering rocks
and terrible Charybdis and to Scylla, whom no man had ever yet passed
in safety; how his men then ate the cattle of the sun-god, and how
Jove therefore struck the ship with his thunderbolts, so that all
his men perished together, himself alone being left alive; how at
last he reached the Ogygian island and the nymph Calypso, who kept
him there in a cave, and fed him, and wanted him to marry her, in
which case she intended makingM
him immortal so that he should never
grow old, but she could not persuade him to let her do so; and how
after much suffering he had found his way to the Phaeacians, who had
treated him as though he had been a god, and sent him back in a ship
to his own country after having given him gold, bronze, and raiment
in great abundance. This was the last thing about which he told her,
for here a deep sleep took hold upon him and eased the burden of his
Then Minerva bethought her of another matter. When M
Ulysses had had both of his wife and of repose, she bade gold-enthroned
Dawn rise out of Oceanus that she might shed light upon mankind. On
this, Ulysses rose from his comfortable bed and said to Penelope,
"Wife, we have both of us had our full share of troubles, you, here,
in lamenting my absence, and I in being prevented from getting home
though I was longing all the time to do so. Now, however, that we
have at last come together, take care of the property that is in the
sheep and goats which the wicked suitors have eaten,
I will take many myself by force from other people, and will compel
the Achaeans to make good the rest till they shall have filled all
my yards. I am now going to the wooded lands out in the country to
see my father who has so long been grieved on my account, and to yourself
I will give these instructions, though you have little need of them.
At sunrise it will at once get abroad that I have been killing the
suitors; go upstairs, therefore, and stay there M
with your women. See
nobody and ask no questions."
As he spoke he girded on his armour. Then he roused Telemachus, Philoetius,
and Eumaeus, and told them all to put on their armour also. This they
did, and armed themselves. When they had done so, they opened the
gates and sallied forth, Ulysses leading the way. It was now daylight,
but Minerva nevertheless concealed them in darkness and led them quickly
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Then Mercury of Cyllene summoned the ghosts of the suitors, and in
his hand he held the fair golden wand with which he seals men's eyes
in sleep or wakes them just as he pleases; with this he roused the
ghosts and led them, while they followed whining and gibbering behind
him. As bats fly squealing in the hollow of some great cave, when
one of them has fallen out of the cluster in which they hang, even
so did the ghosts whine and squeal as Mercury the healer of sorrow
led them down into the dark abode oM
f death. When they had passed the
waters of Oceanus and the rock Leucas, they came to the gates of the
sun and the land of dreams, whereon they reached the meadow of asphodel
where dwell the souls and shadows of them that can labour no more.
Here they found the ghost of Achilles son of Peleus, with those of
Patroclus, Antilochus, and Ajax, who was the finest and handsomest
man of all the Danaans after the son of Peleus himself.
They gathered round the ghost of the son of Peleus, and the ghost
non joined them, sorrowing bitterly. Round him were gathered
also the ghosts of those who had perished with him in the house of
Aeisthus; and the ghost of Achilles spoke first.
"Son of Atreus," it said, "we used to say that Jove had loved you
better from first to last than any other hero, for you were captain
over many and brave men, when we were all fighting together before
Troy; yet the hand of death, which no mortal can escape, was laid
upon you all too early. Better for you had you fallen at Troy in tM
hey-day of your renown, for the Achaeans would have built a mound
over your ashes, and your son would have been heir to your good name,
whereas it has now been your lot to come to a most miserable end."
"Happy son of Peleus," answered the ghost of Agamemnon, "for having
died at Troy far from Argos, while the bravest of the Trojans and
the Achaeans fell round you fighting for your body. There you lay
in the whirling clouds of dust, all huge and hugely, heedless now
of your chivalry. We fought the whole M
of the livelong day, nor should
we ever have left off if Jove had not sent a hurricane to stay us.
Then, when we had borne you to the ships out of the fray, we laid
you on your bed and cleansed your fair skin with warm water and with
ointments. The Danaans tore their hair and wept bitterly round about
you. Your mother, when she heard, came with her immortal nymphs from
out of the sea, and the sound of a great wailing went forth over the
waters so that the Achaeans quaked for fear. They would have fled
-stricken to their ships had not wise old Nestor whose counsel
was ever truest checked them saying, 'Hold, Argives, fly not sons
of the Achaeans, this is his mother coming from the sea with her immortal
nymphs to view the body of her son.'
"Thus he spoke, and the Achaeans feared no more. The daughters of
the old man of the sea stood round you weeping bitterly, and clothed
you in immortal raiment. The nine muses also came and lifted up their
sweet voices in lament- calling and answering one another; there M
not an Argive but wept for pity of the dirge they chaunted. Days and
nights seven and ten we mourned you, mortals and immortals, but on
the eighteenth day we gave you to the flames, and many a fat sheep
with many an ox did we slay in sacrifice around you. You were burnt
in raiment of the gods, with rich resins and with honey, while heroes,
horse and foot, clashed their armour round the pile as you were burning,
with the tramp as of a great multitude. But when the flames of heaven
had done their work, weM
gathered your white bones at daybreak and
laid them in ointments and in pure wine. Your mother brought us a
golden vase to hold them- gift of Bacchus, and work of Vulcan himself;
in this we mingled your bleached bones with those of Patroclus who
had gone before you, and separate we enclosed also those of Antilochus,
who had been closer to you than any other of your comrades now that
Patroclus was no more.
"Over these the host of the Argives built a noble tomb, on a point
jutting out over the open HellesM
pont, that it might be seen from far
out upon the sea by those now living and by them that shall be born
hereafter. Your mother begged prizes from the gods, and offered them
to be contended for by the noblest of the Achaeans. You must have
been present at the funeral of many a hero, when the young men gird
themselves and make ready to contend for prizes on the death of some
great chieftain, but you never saw such prizes as silver-footed Thetis
offered in your honour; for the gods loved you well. Thus even inM
death your fame, Achilles, has not been lost, and your name lives
evermore among all mankind. But as for me, what solace had I when
the days of my fighting were done? For Jove willed my destruction
on my return, by the hands of Aegisthus and those of my wicked wife."
Thus did they converse, and presently Mercury came up to them with
the ghosts of the suitors who had been killed by Ulysses. The ghosts
of Agamemnon and Achilles were astonished at seeing them, and went
up to them at once. The ghost of AgameM
mnon recognized Amphimedon son
of Melaneus, who lived in Ithaca and had been his host, so it began
"Amphimedon," it said, "what has happened to all you fine young men-
all of an age too- that you are come down here under the ground? One
could pick no finer body of men from any city. Did Neptune raise his
winds and waves against you when you were at sea, or did your enemies
make an end of you on the mainland when you were cattle-lifting or
sheep-stealing, or while fighting in defence of thM
Answer my question, for I have been your guest. Do you not remember
how I came to your house with Menelaus, to persuade Ulysses to join
us with his ships against Troy? It was a whole month ere we could
resume our voyage, for we had hard work to persuade Ulysses to come
And the ghost of Amphimedon answered, "Agamemnon, son of Atreus, king
of men, I remember everything that you have said, and will tell you
fully and accurately about the way in which our end was brought about.
Ulysses had been long gone, and we were courting his wife, who did
not say point blank that she would not marry, nor yet bring matters
to an end, for she meant to compass our destruction: this, then, was
the trick she played us. She set up a great tambour frame in her room
and began to work on an enormous piece of fine needlework. 'Sweethearts,'
said she, 'Ulysses is indeed dead, still, do not press me to marry
again immediately; wait- for I would not have my skill in needlework
perish unrecorded- till I haM
ve completed a pall for the hero Laertes,
against the time when death shall take him. He is very rich, and the
women of the place will talk if he is laid out without a pall.' This
is what she said, and we assented; whereupon we could see her working
upon her great web all day long, but at night she would unpick the
stitches again by torchlight. She fooled us in this way for three
years without our finding it out, but as time wore on and she was
now in her fourth year, in the waning of moons and many days hadM
accomplished, one of her maids who knew what she was doing told us,
and we caught her in the act of undoing her work, so she had to finish
it whether she would or no; and when she showed us the robe she had
made, after she had had it washed, its splendour was as that of the
"Then some malicious god conveyed Ulysses to the upland farm where
his swineherd lives. Thither presently came also his son, returning
from a voyage to Pylos, and the two came to the town when they had
r plot for our destruction. Telemachus came first, and
then after him, accompanied by the swineherd, came Ulysses, clad in
rags and leaning on a staff as though he were some miserable old beggar.
He came so unexpectedly that none of us knew him, not even the older
ones among us, and we reviled him and threw things at him. He endured
both being struck and insulted without a word, though he was in his
own house; but when the will of Aegis-bearing Jove inspired him, he
and Telemachus took the armour and hid it M
in an inner chamber, bolting
the doors behind them. Then he cunningly made his wife offer his bow
and a quantity of iron to be contended for by us ill-fated suitors;
and this was the beginning of our end, for not one of us could string
the bow- nor nearly do so. When it was about to reach the hands of
Ulysses, we all of us shouted out that it should not be given him,
no matter what he might say, but Telemachus insisted on his having
it. When he had got it in his hands he strung it with ease and sent
ow through the iron. Then he stood on the floor of the cloister
and poured his arrows on the ground, glaring fiercely about him. First
he killed Antinous, and then, aiming straight before him, he let fly
his deadly darts and they fell thick on one another. It was plain
that some one of the gods was helping them, for they fell upon us
with might and main throughout the cloisters, and there was a hideous
sound of groaning as our brains were being battered in, and the ground
seethed with our blood. This, AgamemM
non, is how we came by our end,
and our bodies are lying still un-cared for in the house of Ulysses,
for our friends at home do not yet know what has happened, so that
they cannot lay us out and wash the black blood from our wounds, making
moan over us according to the offices due to the departed."
"Happy Ulysses, son of Laertes," replied the ghost of Agamemnon, "you
are indeed blessed in the possession of a wife endowed with such rare
excellence of understanding, and so faithful to her wedded lord as
elope the daughter of Icarius. The fame, therefore, of her virtue
shall never die, and the immortals shall compose a song that shall
be welcome to all mankind in honour of the constancy of Penelope.
How far otherwise was the wickedness of the daughter of Tyndareus
who killed her lawful husband; her song shall be hateful among men,
for she has brought disgrace on all womankind even on the good ones."
Thus did they converse in the house of Hades deep down within the
bowels of the earth. Meanwhile Ulysses andM
the others passed out of
the town and soon reached the fair and well-tilled farm of Laertes,
which he had reclaimed with infinite labour. Here was his house, with
a lean-to running all round it, where the slaves who worked for him
slept and sat and ate, while inside the house there was an old Sicel
woman, who looked after him in this his country-farm. When Ulysses
got there, he said to his son and to the other two:
"Go to the house, and kill the best pig that you can find for dinner.
Meanwhile I want toM
see whether my father will know me, or fail to
recognize me after so long an absence."
He then took off his armour and gave it to Eumaeus and Philoetius,
who went straight on to the house, while he turned off into the vineyard
to make trial of his father. As he went down into the great orchard,
he did not see Dolius, nor any of his sons nor of the other bondsmen,
for they were all gathering thorns to make a fence for the vineyard,
at the place where the old man had told them; he therefore found his
er alone, hoeing a vine. He had on a dirty old shirt, patched
and very shabby; his legs were bound round with thongs of oxhide to
save him from the brambles, and he also wore sleeves of leather; he
had a goat skin cap on his head, and was looking very woe-begone.
When Ulysses saw him so worn, so old and full of sorrow, he stood
still under a tall pear tree and began to weep. He doubted whether
to embrace him, kiss him, and tell him all about his having come home,
or whether he should first question him and sM
ee what he would say.
In the end he deemed it best to be crafty with him, so in this mind
he went up to his father, who was bending down and digging about a
"I see, sir," said Ulysses, "that you are an excellent gardener- what
pains you take with it, to be sure. There is not a single plant, not
a fig tree, vine, olive, pear, nor flower bed, but bears the trace
of your attention. I trust, however, that you will not be offended
if I say that you take better care of your garden than of yourself.
are old, unsavoury, and very meanly clad. It cannot be because
you are idle that your master takes such poor care of you, indeed
your face and figure have nothing of the slave about them, and proclaim
you of noble birth. I should have said that you were one of those
who should wash well, eat well, and lie soft at night as old men have
a right to do; but tell me, and tell me true, whose bondman are you,
and in whose garden are you working? Tell me also about another matter.
Is this place that I have come to M
really Ithaca? I met a man just
now who said so, but he was a dull fellow, and had not the patience
to hear my story out when I was asking him about an old friend of
mine, whether he was still living, or was already dead and in the
house of Hades. Believe me when I tell you that this man came to my
house once when I was in my own country and never yet did any stranger
come to me whom I liked better. He said that his family came from
Ithaca and that his father was Laertes, son of Arceisius. I received
spitably, making him welcome to all the abundance of my house,
and when he went away I gave him all customary presents. I gave him
seven talents of fine gold, and a cup of solid silver with flowers
chased upon it. I gave him twelve light cloaks, and as many pieces
of tapestry; I also gave him twelve cloaks of single fold, twelve
rugs, twelve fair mantles, and an equal number of shirts. To all this
I added four good looking women skilled in all useful arts, and I
let him take his choice."
tears and answered, "Sir, you have indeed come to
the country that you have named, but it is fallen into the hands of
wicked people. All this wealth of presents has been given to no purpose.
If you could have found your friend here alive in Ithaca, he would
have entertained you hospitably and would have required your presents
amply when you left him- as would have been only right considering
what you have already given him. But tell me, and tell me true, how
many years is it since you entertained this guest-M
as ever was? Alas! He has perished far from his own country; the fishes
of the sea have eaten him, or he has fallen a prey to the birds and
wild beasts of some continent. Neither his mother, nor I his father,
who were his parents, could throw our arms about him and wrap him
in his shroud, nor could his excellent and richly dowered wife Penelope
bewail her husband as was natural upon his death bed, and close his
eyes according to the offices due to the departed. But now, tell me
want to know. Who and whence are you- tell me of your
town and parents? Where is the ship lying that has brought you and
your men to Ithaca? Or were you a passenger on some other man's ship,
and those who brought you here have gone on their way and left you?"
"I will tell you everything," answered Ulysses, "quite truly. I come
from Alybas, where I have a fine house. I am son of king Apheidas,
who is the son of Polypemon. My own name is Eperitus; heaven drove
me off my course as I was leaving Sicania, and IM
here against my will. As for my ship it is lying over yonder, off
the open country outside the town, and this is the fifth year since
Ulysses left my country. Poor fellow, yet the omens were good for
him when he left me. The birds all flew on our right hands, and both
he and I rejoiced to see them as we parted, for we had every hope
that we should have another friendly meeting and exchange presents."
A dark cloud of sorrow fell upon Laertes as he listened. He filled
both hands with the M
dust from off the ground and poured it over his
grey head, groaning heavily as he did so. The heart of Ulysses was
touched, and his nostrils quivered as he looked upon his father; then
he sprang towards him, flung his arms about him and kissed him, saying,
"I am he, father, about whom you are asking- I have returned after
having been away for twenty years. But cease your sighing and lamentation-
we have no time to lose, for I should tell you that I have been killing
the suitors in my house, to punish them foM
r their insolence and crimes."
"If you really are my son Ulysses," replied Laertes, "and have come
back again, you must give me such manifest proof of your identity
as shall convince me."
"First observe this scar," answered Ulysses, "which I got from a boar's
tusk when I was hunting on Mount Parnassus. You and my mother had
sent me to Autolycus, my mother's father, to receive the presents
which when he was over here he had promised to give me. Furthermore
I will point out to you the trees in the vineyaM
rd which you gave me,
and I asked you all about them as I followed you round the garden.
We went over them all, and you told me their names and what they all
were. You gave me thirteen pear trees, ten apple trees, and forty
fig trees; you also said you would give me fifty rows of vines; there
was corn planted between each row, and they yield grapes of every
kind when the heat of heaven has been laid heavy upon them."
Laertes' strength failed him when he heard the convincing proofs which
him. He threw his arms about him, and Ulysses had
to support him, or he would have gone off into a swoon; but as soon
as he came to, and was beginning to recover his senses, he said, "O
father Jove, then you gods are still in Olympus after all, if the
suitors have really been punished for their insolence and folly. Nevertheless,
I am much afraid that I shall have all the townspeople of Ithaca up
here directly, and they will be sending messengers everywhere throughout
the cities of the Cephallenians."
sses answered, "Take heart and do not trouble yourself about that,
but let us go into the house hard by your garden. I have already told
Telemachus, Philoetius, and Eumaeus to go on there and get dinner
ready as soon as possible."
Thus conversing the two made their way towards the house. When they
got there they found Telemachus with the stockman and the swineherd
cutting up meat and mixing wine with water. Then the old Sicel woman
took Laertes inside and washed him and anointed him with oil. She
on a good cloak, and Minerva came up to him and gave him a
more imposing presence, making him taller and stouter than before.
When he came back his son was surprised to see him looking so like
an immortal, and said to him, "My dear father, some one of the gods
has been making you much taller and better-looking."
Laertes answered, "Would, by Father Jove, Minerva, and Apollo, that
I were the man I was when I ruled among the Cephallenians, and took
Nericum, that strong fortress on the foreland. If I were stM
I then was and had been in our house yesterday with my armour on,
I should have been able to stand by you and help you against the suitors.
I should have killed a great many of them, and you would have rejoiced
Thus did they converse; but the others, when they had finished their
work and the feast was ready, left off working, and took each his
proper place on the benches and seats. Then they began eating; by
and by old Dolius and his sons left their work and came up, for their
r, the Sicel woman who looked after Laertes now that he was growing
old, had been to fetch them. When they saw Ulysses and were certain
it was he, they stood there lost in astonishment; but Ulysses scolded
them good-naturedly and said, "Sit down to your dinner, old man, and
never mind about your surprise; we have been wanting to begin for
some time and have been waiting for you."
Then Dolius put out both his hands and went up to Ulysses. "Sir,"
said he, seizing his master's hand and kissing it at the wrisM
have long been wishing you home: and now heaven has restored you to
us after we had given up hoping. All hail, therefore, and may the
gods prosper you. But tell me, does Penelope already know of your
return, or shall we send some one to tell her?"
"Old man," answered Ulysses, "she knows already, so you need not trouble
about that." On this he took his seat, and the sons of Dolius gathered
round Ulysses to give him greeting and embrace him one after the other;
then they took their seats in due ordeM
r near Dolius their father.
While they were thus busy getting their dinner ready, Rumour went
round the town, and noised abroad the terrible fate that had befallen
the suitors; as soon, therefore, as the people heard of it they gathered
from every quarter, groaning and hooting before the house of Ulysses.
They took the dead away, buried every man his own, and put the bodies
of those who came from elsewhere on board the fishing vessels, for
the fishermen to take each of them to his own place. They then met
angrily in the place of assembly, and when they were got together
Eupeithes rose to speak. He was overwhelmed with grief for the death
of his son Antinous, who had been the first man killed by Ulysses,
so he said, weeping bitterly, "My friend, this man has done the Achaeans
great wrong. He took many of our best men away with him in his fleet,
and he has lost both ships and men; now, moreover, on his return he
has been killing all the foremost men among the Cephallenians. Let
us be up and doing before he canM
get away to Pylos or to Elis where
the Epeans rule, or we shall be ashamed of ourselves for ever afterwards.
It will be an everlasting disgrace to us if we do not avenge the murder
of our sons and brothers. For my own part I should have no mote pleasure
in life, but had rather die at once. Let us be up, then, and after
them, before they can cross over to the mainland."
He wept as he spoke and every one pitied him. But Medon and the bard
Phemius had now woke up, and came to them from the house of Ulysses.M
Every one was astonished at seeing them, but they stood in the middle
of the assembly, and Medon said, "Hear me, men of Ithaca. Ulysses
did not do these things against the will of heaven. I myself saw an
immortal god take the form of Mentor and stand beside him. This god
appeared, now in front of him encouraging him, and now going furiously
about the court and attacking the suitors whereon they fell thick
On this pale fear laid hold of them, and old Halitherses, son of Mastor,
speak, for he was the only man among them who knew both past
and future; so he spoke to them plainly and in all honesty, saying,
"Men of Ithaca, it is all your own fault that things have turned out
as they have; you would not listen to me, nor yet to Mentor, when
we bade you check the folly of your sons who were doing much wrong
in the wantonness of their hearts- wasting the substance and dishonouring
the wife of a chieftain who they thought would not return. Now, however,
let it be as I say, and do as I tM
ell you. Do not go out against Ulysses,
or you may find that you have been drawing down evil on your own heads."
This was what he said, and more than half raised a loud shout, and
at once left the assembly. But the rest stayed where they were, for
the speech of Halitherses displeased them, and they sided with Eupeithes;
they therefore hurried off for their armour, and when they had armed
themselves, they met together in front of the city, and Eupeithes
led them on in their folly. He thought he was going toM
murder of his son, whereas in truth he was never to return, but was
himself to perish in his attempt.
Then Minerva said to Jove, "Father, son of Saturn, king of kings,
answer me this question- What do you propose to do? Will you set them
fighting still further, or will you make peace between them?"
And Jove answered, "My child, why should you ask me? Was it not by
your own arrangement that Ulysses came home and took his revenge upon
the suitors? Do whatever you like, but I will tell you whaM
will be most reasonable arrangement. Now that Ulysses is revenged,
let them swear to a solemn covenant, in virtue of which he shall continue
to rule, while we cause the others to forgive and forget the massacre
of their sons and brothers. Let them then all become friends as heretofore,
and let peace and plenty reign."
This was what Minerva was already eager to bring about, so down she
darted from off the topmost summits of Olympus.
Now when Laertes and the others had done dinner, Ulysses begM
saying, "Some of you go out and see if they are not getting close
up to us." So one of Dolius's sons went as he was bid. Standing on
the threshold he could see them all quite near, and said to Ulysses,
"Here they are, let us put on our armour at once."
They put on their armour as fast as they could- that is to say Ulysses,
his three men, and the six sons of Dolius. Laertes also and Dolius
did the same- warriors by necessity in spite of their grey hair. When
they had all put on their armour, they opM
ened the gate and sallied
forth, Ulysses leading the way.
Then Jove's daughter Minerva came up to them, having assumed the form
and voice of Mentor. Ulysses was glad when he saw her, and said to
his son Telemachus, "Telemachus, now that are about to fight in an
engagement, which will show every man's mettle, be sure not to disgrace
your ancestors, who were eminent for their strength and courage all
"You say truly, my dear father," answered Telemachus, "and you shall
that I am in no mind to disgrace your family."
Laertes was delighted when he heard this. "Good heavens, he exclaimed,
"what a day I am enjoying: I do indeed rejoice at it. My son and grandson
are vying with one another in the matter of valour."
On this Minerva came close up to him and said, "Son of Arceisius-
best friend I have in the world- pray to the blue-eyed damsel, and
to Jove her father; then poise your spear and hurl it."
As she spoke she infused fresh vigour into him, and when he had prayedM
to her he poised his spear and hurled it. He hit Eupeithes' helmet,
and the spear went right through it, for the helmet stayed it not,
and his armour rang rattling round him as he fell heavily to the ground.
Meantime Ulysses and his son fell the front line of the foe and smote
them with their swords and spears; indeed, they would have killed
every one of them, and prevented them from ever getting home again,
only Minerva raised her voice aloud, and made every one pause. "Men
of Ithaca," she cried, cease thM
is dreadful war, and settle the matter
at once without further bloodshed."
On this pale fear seized every one; they were so frightened that their
arms dropped from their hands and fell upon the ground at the sound
of the goddess's voice, and they fled back to the city for their lives.
But Ulysses gave a great cry, and gathering himself together swooped
down like a soaring eagle. Then the son of Saturn sent a thunderbolt
of fire that fell just in front of Minerva, so she said to Ulysses,
on of Laertes, stop this warful strife, or Jove will
be angry with you."
Thus spoke Minerva, and Ulysses obeyed her gladly. Then Minerva assumed
the form and voice of Mentor, and presently made a covenant of peace
between the two contending parties.
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<title>ZEPHANIAH</title>
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<h1>ZEPHANIAH</h1>
<div class="content-table">
<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The word of the LORD which came unto Zephaniah the son of Cushi, the son of Gedaliah, the son of Amariah, the son of Hizkiah, in the days of Josiah the son of Amon, king of Judah. <span class="ver">2</span>I will utterly consume all things from off the land, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">3</span>I will consume man and beast; I will consume the fowls of the heaven, and the fishes of the sea, and the stumbliM
ngblocks with the wicked; and I will cut off man from off the land, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">4</span>I will also stretch out mine hand upon Judah, and upon all the inhabitants of Jerusalem; and I will cut off the remnant of Baal from this place, and the name of the Chemarims with the priests; <span class="ver">5</span>And them that worship the host of heaven upon the housetops; and them that worship and that swear by the LORD, and that swear by Malcham; <span class="ver">6</span>And them that are turned baM
ck from the LORD; and those that have not sought the LORD, nor enquired for him. <span class="ver">7</span>Hold thy peace at the presence of the Lord GOD: for the day of the LORD is at hand: for the LORD hath prepared a sacrifice, he hath bid his guests. <span class="ver">8</span>And it shall come to pass in the day of the LORD
s sacrifice, that I will punish the princes, and the king
s children, and all such as are clothed with strange apparel. <span class="ver">9</span>In the same day also will I punish all tM
hose that leap on the threshold, which fill their masters
houses with violence and deceit. <span class="ver">10</span>And it shall come to pass in that day, saith the LORD, that there shall be the noise of a cry from the fish gate, and an howling from the second, and a great crashing from the hills. <span class="ver">11</span>Howl, ye inhabitants of Maktesh, for all the merchant people are cut down; all they that bear silver are cut off. <span class="ver">12</span>And it shall come to pass at that time, that I wM
ill search Jerusalem with candles, and punish the men that are settled on their lees: that say in their heart, The LORD will not do good, neither will he do evil. <span class="ver">13</span>Therefore their goods shall become a booty, and their houses a desolation: they shall also build houses, but not inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, but not drink the wine thereof. <span class="ver">14</span>The great day of the LORD is near, it is near, and hasteth greatly, even the voice of the day of the LORD: the mM
ighty man shall cry there bitterly. <span class="ver">15</span>That day is a day of wrath, a day of trouble and distress, a day of wasteness and desolation, a day of darkness and gloominess, a day of clouds and thick darkness, <span class="ver">16</span>A day of the trumpet and alarm against the fenced cities, and against the high towers. <span class="ver">17</span>And I will bring distress upon men, that they shall walk like blind men, because they have sinned against the LORD: and their blood shall be poured out M
as dust, and their flesh as the dung. <span class="ver">18</span>Neither their silver nor their gold shall be able to deliver them in the day of the LORD
s wrath; but the whole land shall be devoured by the fire of his jealousy: for he shall make even a speedy riddance of all them that dwell in the land.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Gather yourselves together, yea, gather together, O nation not desired; <span class="ver">2</span>Before the decree bring forth, before the day pass aM
s the chaff, before the fierce anger of the LORD come upon you, before the day of the LORD
s anger come upon you. <span class="ver">3</span>Seek ye the LORD, all ye meek of the earth, which have wrought his judgment; seek righteousness, seek meekness: it may be ye shall be hid in the day of the LORD
<p><span class="ver">4</span>For Gaza shall be forsaken, and Ashkelon a desolation: they shall drive out Ashdod at the noon day, and Ekron shall be rooted up. <span class="ver">5</span>Woe unto the iM
nhabitants of the sea coast, the nation of the Cherethites! the word of the LORD is against you; O Canaan, the land of the Philistines, I will even destroy thee, that there shall be no inhabitant. <span class="ver">6</span>And the sea coast shall be dwellings and cottages for shepherds, and folds for flocks. <span class="ver">7</span>And the coast shall be for the remnant of the house of Judah; they shall feed thereupon: in the houses of Ashkelon shall they lie down in the evening: for the LORD their God shall visiM
t them, and turn away their captivity. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>I have heard the reproach of Moab, and the revilings of the children of Ammon, whereby they have reproached my people, and magnified themselves against their border. <span class="ver">9</span>Therefore as I live, saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, Surely Moab shall be as Sodom, and the children of Ammon as Gomorrah, even the breeding of nettles, and saltpits, and a perpetual desolation: the residue of my people shall spoil them, andM
the remnant of my people shall possess them. <span class="ver">10</span>This shall they have for their pride, because they have reproached and magnified themselves against the people of the LORD of hosts. <span class="ver">11</span>The LORD will be terrible unto them: for he will famish all the gods of the earth; and men shall worship him, every one from his place, even all the isles of the heathen. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Ye Ethiopians also, ye shall be slain by my sword. <span class="ver">13</span>AM
nd he will stretch out his hand against the north, and destroy Assyria; and will make Nineveh a desolation, and dry like a wilderness. <span class="ver">14</span>And flocks shall lie down in the midst of her, all the beasts of the nations: both the cormorant and the bittern shall lodge in the upper lintels of it; their voice shall sing in the windows; desolation shall be in the thresholds: for he shall uncover the cedar work. <span class="ver">15</span>This is the rejoicing city that dwelt carelessly, that said in M
her heart, I am, and there is none beside me: how is she become a desolation, a place for beasts to lie down in! every one that passeth by her shall hiss, and wag his hand.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Woe to her that is filthy and polluted, to the oppressing city! <span class="ver">2</span>She obeyed not the voice; she received not correction; she trusted not in the LORD; she drew not near to her God. <span class="ver">3</span>Her princes within her are roaring lions; her judges arM
e evening wolves; they gnaw not the bones till the morrow. <span class="ver">4</span>Her prophets are light and treacherous persons: her priests have polluted the sanctuary, they have done violence to the law. <span class="ver">5</span>The just LORD is in the midst thereof; he will not do iniquity: every morning doth he bring his judgment to light, he faileth not; but the unjust knoweth no shame. <span class="ver">6</span>I have cut off the nations: their towers are desolate; I made their streets waste, that none pM
asseth by: their cities are destroyed, so that there is no man, that there is none inhabitant. <span class="ver">7</span>I said, Surely thou wilt fear me, thou wilt receive instruction; so their dwelling should not be cut off, howsoever I punished them: but they rose early, and corrupted all their doings. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Therefore wait ye upon me, saith the LORD, until the day that I rise up to the prey: for my determination is to gather the nations, that I may assemble the kingdoms, to pour upoM
n them mine indignation, even all my fierce anger: for all the earth shall be devoured with the fire of my jealousy. <span class="ver">9</span>For then will I turn to the people a pure language, that they may all call upon the name of the LORD, to serve him with one consent. <span class="ver">10</span>From beyond the rivers of Ethiopia my suppliants, even the daughter of my dispersed, shall bring mine offering. <span class="ver">11</span>In that day shalt thou not be ashamed for all thy doings, wherein thou hast trM
ansgressed against me: for then I will take away out of the midst of thee them that rejoice in thy pride, and thou shalt no more be haughty because of my holy mountain. <span class="ver">12</span>I will also leave in the midst of thee an afflicted and poor people, and they shall trust in the name of the LORD. <span class="ver">13</span>The remnant of Israel shall not do iniquity, nor speak lies; neither shall a deceitful tongue be found in their mouth: for they shall feed and lie down, and none shall make them afraM
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Sing, O daughter of Zion; shout, O Israel; be glad and rejoice with all the heart, O daughter of Jerusalem. <span class="ver">15</span>The LORD hath taken away thy judgments, he hath cast out thine enemy: the king of Israel, even the LORD, is in the midst of thee: thou shalt not see evil any more. <span class="ver">16</span>In that day it shall be said to Jerusalem, Fear thou not: and to Zion, Let not thine hands be slack. <span class="ver">17</span>The LORD thy God in the mM
idst of thee is mighty; he will save, he will rejoice over thee with joy; he will rest in his love, he will joy over thee with singing. <span class="ver">18</span>I will gather them that are sorrowful for the solemn assembly, who are of thee, to whom the reproach of it was a burden. <span class="ver">19</span>Behold, at that time I will undo all that afflict thee: and I will save her that halteth, and gather her that was driven out; and I will get them praise and fame in every land where they have been put to shameMq
. <span class="ver">20</span>At that time will I bring you again, even in the time that I gather you: for I will make you a name and a praise among all people of the earth, when I turn back your captivity before your eyes, saith the LORD. </p>
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<title>MALACHI</title>
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<div class="content-table">
<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
ref="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The burden of the word of the LORD to Israel by Malachi. <span class="ver">2</span>I have loved you, saith the LORD. Yet ye say, Wherein hast thou loved us? Was not Esau Jacob
s brother? saith the LORD: yet I loved Jacob, <span class="ver">3</span>And I hated Esau, and laid his mountains and his heritage waste for the dragons of the wilderness. <span class="ver">4</span>Whereas M
Edom saith, We are impoverished, but we will return and build the desolate places; thus saith the LORD of hosts, They shall build, but I will throw down; and they shall call them, The border of wickedness, and, The people against whom the LORD hath indignation for ever. <span class="ver">5</span>And your eyes shall see, and ye shall say, The LORD will be magnified from the border of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>A son honoureth his father, and a servant his master: if then I be a father, where is mineM
honour? and if I be a master, where is my fear? saith the LORD of hosts unto you, O priests, that despise my name. And ye say, Wherein have we despised thy name? <span class="ver">7</span>Ye offer polluted bread upon mine altar; and ye say, Wherein have we polluted thee? In that ye say, The table of the LORD is contemptible. <span class="ver">8</span>And if ye offer the blind for sacrifice, is it not evil? and if ye offer the lame and sick, is it not evil? offer it now unto thy governor; will he be pleased with thM
ee, or accept thy person? saith the LORD of hosts. <span class="ver">9</span>And now, I pray you, beseech God that he will be gracious unto us: this hath been by your means: will he regard your persons? saith the LORD of hosts. <span class="ver">10</span>Who is there even among you that would shut the doors for nought? neither do ye kindle fire on mine altar for nought. I have no pleasure in you, saith the LORD of hosts, neither will I accept an offering at your hand. <span class="ver">11</span>For from the rising M
of the sun even unto the going down of the same my name shall be great among the Gentiles; and in every place incense shall be offered unto my name, and a pure offering: for my name shall be great among the heathen, saith the LORD of hosts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>But ye have profaned it, in that ye say, The table of the LORD is polluted; and the fruit thereof, even his meat, is contemptible. <span class="ver">13</span>Ye said also, Behold, what a weariness is it! and ye have snuffed at it, saith the LM
ORD of hosts; and ye brought that which was torn, and the lame, and the sick; thus ye brought an offering: should I accept this of your hand? saith the LORD. <span class="ver">14</span>But cursed be the deceiver, which hath in his flock a male, and voweth, and sacrificeth unto the Lord a corrupt thing: for I am a great King, saith the LORD of hosts, and my name is dreadful among the heathen.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And now, O ye priests, this commandment is for you. <span classM
="ver">2</span>If ye will not hear, and if ye will not lay it to heart, to give glory unto my name, saith the LORD of hosts, I will even send a curse upon you, and I will curse your blessings: yea, I have cursed them already, because ye do not lay it to heart. <span class="ver">3</span>Behold, I will corrupt your seed, and spread dung upon your faces, even the dung of your solemn feasts; and one shall take you away with it. <span class="ver">4</span>And ye shall know that I have sent this commandment unto you, thatM
my covenant might be with Levi, saith the LORD of hosts. <span class="ver">5</span>My covenant was with him of life and peace; and I gave them to him for the fear wherewith he feared me, and was afraid before my name. <span class="ver">6</span>The law of truth was in his mouth, and iniquity was not found in his lips: he walked with me in peace and equity, and did turn many away from iniquity. <span class="ver">7</span>For the priest
s lips should keep knowledge, and they should seek the law at his mouth: for he M
is the messenger of the LORD of hosts. <span class="ver">8</span>But ye are departed out of the way; ye have caused many to stumble at the law; ye have corrupted the covenant of Levi, saith the LORD of hosts. <span class="ver">9</span>Therefore have I also made you contemptible and base before all the people, according as ye have not kept my ways, but have been partial in the law. <span class="ver">10</span>Have we not all one father? hath not one God created us? why do we deal treacherously every man against his bM
rother, by profaning the covenant of our fathers? </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Judah hath dealt treacherously, and an abomination is committed in Israel and in Jerusalem; for Judah hath profaned the holiness of the LORD which he loved, and hath married the daughter of a strange god. <span class="ver">12</span>The LORD will cut off the man that doeth this, the master and the scholar, out of the tabernacles of Jacob, and him that offereth an offering unto the LORD of hosts. <span class="ver">13</span>And thisM
have ye done again, covering the altar of the LORD with tears, with weeping, and with crying out, insomuch that he regardeth not the offering any more, or receiveth it with good will at your hand. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Yet ye say, Wherefore? Because the LORD hath been witness between thee and the wife of thy youth, against whom thou hast dealt treacherously: yet is she thy companion, and the wife of thy covenant. <span class="ver">15</span>And did not he make one? Yet had he the residue of the spiriM
t. And wherefore one? That he might seek a godly seed. Therefore take heed to your spirit, and let none deal treacherously against the wife of his youth. <span class="ver">16</span>For the LORD, the God of Israel, saith that he hateth putting away: for one covereth violence with his garment, saith the LORD of hosts: therefore take heed to your spirit, that ye deal not treacherously. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Ye have wearied the LORD with your words. Yet ye say, Wherein have we wearied him? When ye say, EM
very one that doeth evil is good in the sight of the LORD, and he delighteth in them; or, Where is the God of judgment?
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Behold, I will send my messenger, and he shall prepare the way before me: and the Lord, whom ye seek, shall suddenly come to his temple, even the messenger of the covenant, whom ye delight in: behold, he shall come, saith the LORD of hosts. <span class="ver">2</span>But who may abide the day of his coming? and who shall stand when he apM
peareth? for he is like a refiner
s fire, and like fullers
soap: <span class="ver">3</span>And he shall sit as a refiner and purifier of silver: and he shall purify the sons of Levi, and purge them as gold and silver, that they may offer unto the LORD an offering in righteousness. <span class="ver">4</span>Then shall the offering of Judah and Jerusalem be pleasant unto the LORD, as in the days of old, and as in former years. <span class="ver">5</span>And I will come near to you to judgment; and I will be a swiM
ft witness against the sorcerers, and against the adulterers, and against false swearers, and against those that oppress the hireling in his wages, the widow, and the fatherless, and that turn aside the stranger from his right, and fear not me, saith the LORD of hosts. <span class="ver">6</span>For I am the LORD, I change not; therefore ye sons of Jacob are not consumed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Even from the days of your fathers ye are gone away from mine ordinances, and have not kept them. Return unto M
me, and I will return unto you, saith the LORD of hosts. But ye said, Wherein shall we return? </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Will a man rob God? Yet ye have robbed me. But ye say, Wherein have we robbed thee? In tithes and offerings. <span class="ver">9</span>Ye are cursed with a curse: for ye have robbed me, even this whole nation. <span class="ver">10</span>Bring ye all the tithes into the storehouse, that there may be meat in mine house, and prove me now herewith, saith the LORD of hosts, if I will not opeM
n you the windows of heaven, and pour you out a blessing, that there shall not be room enough to receive it. <span class="ver">11</span>And I will rebuke the devourer for your sakes, and he shall not destroy the fruits of your ground; neither shall your vine cast her fruit before the time in the field, saith the LORD of hosts. <span class="ver">12</span>And all nations shall call you blessed: for ye shall be a delightsome land, saith the LORD of hosts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Your words have been stoutM
against me, saith the LORD. Yet ye say, What have we spoken so much against thee? <span class="ver">14</span>Ye have said, It is vain to serve God: and what profit is it that we have kept his ordinance, and that we have walked mournfully before the LORD of hosts? <span class="ver">15</span>And now we call the proud happy; yea, they that work wickedness are set up; yea, they that tempt God are even delivered. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Then they that feared the LORD spake often one to another: and the LORM
D hearkened, and heard it, and a book of remembrance was written before him for them that feared the LORD, and that thought upon his name. <span class="ver">17</span>And they shall be mine, saith the LORD of hosts, in that day when I make up my jewels; and I will spare them, as a man spareth his own son that serveth him. <span class="ver">18</span>Then shall ye return, and discern between the righteous and the wicked, between him that serveth God and him that serveth him not.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
an class="ver">1</span>For, behold, the day cometh, that shall burn as an oven; and all the proud, yea, and all that do wickedly, shall be stubble: and the day that cometh shall burn them up, saith the LORD of hosts, that it shall leave them neither root nor branch. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>But unto you that fear my name shall the Sun of righteousness arise with healing in his wings; and ye shall go forth, and grow up as calves of the stall. <span class="ver">3</span>And ye shall tread down the wicked; fM
or they shall be ashes under the soles of your feet in the day that I shall do this, saith the LORD of hosts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Remember ye the law of Moses my servant, which I commanded unto him in Horeb for all Israel, with the statutes and judgments. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the LORD: <span class="ver">6</span>And he shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the cL
hildren to their fathers, lest I come and smite the earth with a curse. </p>
<p>Created by BitBible, 2023. Free to use and share for all purposes.</p>
text/html;charset=utf-8
<title>JOEL</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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h1 span { font-size: 0.5em; }
p { text-align: justify; }
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background-color: #f1f1f1; font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; flex-shrink: 0; }
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<div class="content-table">
<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The word of the LORD that came to Joel the son of Pethuel. <span class="ver">2</span>Hear this, ye old men, and give ear, all ye inhabitants of the land. Hath this been in your days, or even in the days of your fathers? <span class="ver">3</span>Tell ye your children of it, and let your children tell their children, and their children another generation. <span class="ver">4</span>That which the palmerworm hath left hathM
the locust eaten; and that which the locust hath left hath the cankerworm eaten; and that which the cankerworm hath left hath the caterpiller eaten. <span class="ver">5</span>Awake, ye drunkards, and weep; and howl, all ye drinkers of wine, because of the new wine; for it is cut off from your mouth. <span class="ver">6</span>For a nation is come up upon my land, strong, and without number, whose teeth are the teeth of a lion, and he hath the cheek teeth of a great lion. <span class="ver">7</span>He hath laid my viM
ne waste, and barked my fig tree: he hath made it clean bare, and cast it away; the branches thereof are made white. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Lament like a virgin girded with sackcloth for the husband of her youth. <span class="ver">9</span>The meat offering and the drink offering is cut off from the house of the LORD; the priests, the LORD
s ministers, mourn. <span class="ver">10</span>The field is wasted, the land mourneth; for the corn is wasted: the new wine is dried up, the oil languisheth. <span M
class="ver">11</span>Be ye ashamed, O ye husbandmen; howl, O ye vinedressers, for the wheat and for the barley; because the harvest of the field is perished. <span class="ver">12</span>The vine is dried up, and the fig tree languisheth; the pomegranate tree, the palm tree also, and the apple tree, even all the trees of the field, are withered: because joy is withered away from the sons of men. <span class="ver">13</span>Gird yourselves, and lament, ye priests: howl, ye ministers of the altar: come, lie all night inM
sackcloth, ye ministers of my God: for the meat offering and the drink offering is withholden from the house of your God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Sanctify ye a fast, call a solemn assembly, gather the elders and all the inhabitants of the land into the house of the LORD your God, and cry unto the LORD, <span class="ver">15</span>Alas for the day! for the day of the LORD is at hand, and as a destruction from the Almighty shall it come. <span class="ver">16</span>Is not the meat cut off before our eyes,M
yea, joy and gladness from the house of our God? <span class="ver">17</span>The seed is rotten under their clods, the garners are laid desolate, the barns are broken down; for the corn is withered. <span class="ver">18</span>How do the beasts groan! the herds of cattle are perplexed, because they have no pasture; yea, the flocks of sheep are made desolate. <span class="ver">19</span>O LORD, to thee will I cry: for the fire hath devoured the pastures of the wilderness, and the flame hath burned all the trees of theM
field. <span class="ver">20</span>The beasts of the field cry also unto thee: for the rivers of waters are dried up, and the fire hath devoured the pastures of the wilderness.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Blow ye the trumpet in Zion, and sound an alarm in my holy mountain: let all the inhabitants of the land tremble: for the day of the LORD cometh, for it is nigh at hand; <span class="ver">2</span>A day of darkness and of gloominess, a day of clouds and of thick darkness, as the moM
rning spread upon the mountains: a great people and a strong; there hath not been ever the like, neither shall be any more after it, even to the years of many generations. <span class="ver">3</span>A fire devoureth before them; and behind them a flame burneth: the land is as the garden of Eden before them, and behind them a desolate wilderness; yea, and nothing shall escape them. <span class="ver">4</span>The appearance of them is as the appearance of horses; and as horsemen, so shall they run. <span class="ver">5<M
/span>Like the noise of chariots on the tops of mountains shall they leap, like the noise of a flame of fire that devoureth the stubble, as a strong people set in battle array. <span class="ver">6</span>Before their face the people shall be much pained: all faces shall gather blackness. <span class="ver">7</span>They shall run like mighty men; they shall climb the wall like men of war; and they shall march every one on his ways, and they shall not break their ranks: <span class="ver">8</span>Neither shall one thrusM
t another; they shall walk every one in his path: and when they fall upon the sword, they shall not be wounded. <span class="ver">9</span>They shall run to and fro in the city; they shall run upon the wall, they shall climb up upon the houses; they shall enter in at the windows like a thief. <span class="ver">10</span>The earth shall quake before them; the heavens shall tremble: the sun and the moon shall be dark, and the stars shall withdraw their shining: <span class="ver">11</span>And the LORD shall utter his voM
ice before his army: for his camp is very great: for he is strong that executeth his word: for the day of the LORD is great and very terrible; and who can abide it? </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Therefore also now, saith the LORD, turn ye even to me with all your heart, and with fasting, and with weeping, and with mourning: <span class="ver">13</span>And rend your heart, and not your garments, and turn unto the LORD your God: for he is gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness, and repentetM
h him of the evil. <span class="ver">14</span>Who knoweth if he will return and repent, and leave a blessing behind him; even a meat offering and a drink offering unto the LORD your God? </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Blow the trumpet in Zion, sanctify a fast, call a solemn assembly: <span class="ver">16</span>Gather the people, sanctify the congregation, assemble the elders, gather the children, and those that suck the breasts: let the bridegroom go forth of his chamber, and the bride out of her closet. <spaM
n class="ver">17</span>Let the priests, the ministers of the LORD, weep between the porch and the altar, and let them say, Spare thy people, O LORD, and give not thine heritage to reproach, that the heathen should rule over them: wherefore should they say among the people, Where is their God? </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Then will the LORD be jealous for his land, and pity his people. <span class="ver">19</span>Yea, the LORD will answer and say unto his people, Behold, I will send you corn, and wine, and oiM
l, and ye shall be satisfied therewith: and I will no more make you a reproach among the heathen: <span class="ver">20</span>But I will remove far off from you the northern army, and will drive him into a land barren and desolate, with his face toward the east sea, and his hinder part toward the utmost sea, and his stink shall come up, and his ill savour shall come up, because he hath done great things. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Fear not, O land; be glad and rejoice: for the LORD will do great things. <sM
pan class="ver">22</span>Be not afraid, ye beasts of the field: for the pastures of the wilderness do spring, for the tree beareth her fruit, the fig tree and the vine do yield their strength. <span class="ver">23</span>Be glad then, ye children of Zion, and rejoice in the LORD your God: for he hath given you the former rain moderately, and he will cause to come down for you the rain, the former rain, and the latter rain in the first month. <span class="ver">24</span>And the floors shall be full of wheat, and the fM
ats shall overflow with wine and oil. <span class="ver">25</span>And I will restore to you the years that the locust hath eaten, the cankerworm, and the caterpiller, and the palmerworm, my great army which I sent among you. <span class="ver">26</span>And ye shall eat in plenty, and be satisfied, and praise the name of the LORD your God, that hath dealt wondrously with you: and my people shall never be ashamed. <span class="ver">27</span>And ye shall know that I am in the midst of Israel, and that I am the LORD yourM
God, and none else: and my people shall never be ashamed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>And it shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall see visions: <span class="ver">29</span>And also upon the servants and upon the handmaids in those days will I pour out my spirit. <span class="ver">30</span>And I will shew wonders in the heavens and in the earth, blood, and fire, and pM
illars of smoke. <span class="ver">31</span>The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and the terrible day of the LORD come. <span class="ver">32</span>And it shall come to pass, that whosoever shall call on the name of the LORD shall be delivered: for in mount Zion and in Jerusalem shall be deliverance, as the LORD hath said, and in the remnant whom the LORD shall call.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>For, behold, in those days, and in that time,M
when I shall bring again the captivity of Judah and Jerusalem, <span class="ver">2</span>I will also gather all nations, and will bring them down into the valley of Jehoshaphat, and will plead with them there for my people and for my heritage Israel, whom they have scattered among the nations, and parted my land. <span class="ver">3</span>And they have cast lots for my people; and have given a boy for an harlot, and sold a girl for wine, that they might drink. <span class="ver">4</span>Yea, and what have ye to do M
with me, O Tyre, and Zidon, and all the coasts of Palestine? will ye render me a recompence? and if ye recompense me, swiftly and speedily will I return your recompence upon your own head; <span class="ver">5</span>Because ye have taken my silver and my gold, and have carried into your temples my goodly pleasant things: <span class="ver">6</span>The children also of Judah and the children of Jerusalem have ye sold unto the Grecians, that ye might remove them far from their border. <span class="ver">7</span>Behold, M
I will raise them out of the place whither ye have sold them, and will return your recompence upon your own head: <span class="ver">8</span>And I will sell your sons and your daughters into the hand of the children of Judah, and they shall sell them to the Sabeans, to a people far off: for the LORD hath spoken it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Proclaim ye this among the Gentiles; Prepare war, wake up the mighty men, let all the men of war draw near; let them come up: <span class="ver">10</span>Beat your plowsM
hares into swords, and your pruninghooks into spears: let the weak say, I am strong. <span class="ver">11</span>Assemble yourselves, and come, all ye heathen, and gather yourselves together round about: thither cause thy mighty ones to come down, O LORD. <span class="ver">12</span>Let the heathen be wakened, and come up to the valley of Jehoshaphat: for there will I sit to judge all the heathen round about. <span class="ver">13</span>Put ye in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe: come, get you down; for the press iM
s full, the fats overflow; for their wickedness is great. <span class="ver">14</span>Multitudes, multitudes in the valley of decision: for the day of the LORD is near in the valley of decision. <span class="ver">15</span>The sun and the moon shall be darkened, and the stars shall withdraw their shining. <span class="ver">16</span>The LORD also shall roar out of Zion, and utter his voice from Jerusalem; and the heavens and the earth shall shake: but the LORD will be the hope of his people, and the strength of the chM
ildren of Israel. <span class="ver">17</span>So shall ye know that I am the LORD your God dwelling in Zion, my holy mountain: then shall Jerusalem be holy, and there shall no strangers pass through her any more. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And it shall come to pass in that day, that the mountains shall drop down new wine, and the hills shall flow with milk, and all the rivers of Judah shall flow with waters, and a fountain shall come forth of the house of the LORD, and shall water the valley of Shittim. <sM
pan class="ver">19</span>Egypt shall be a desolation, and Edom shall be a desolate wilderness, for the violence against the children of Judah, because they have shed innocent blood in their land. <span class="ver">20</span>But Judah shall dwell for ever, and Jerusalem from generation to generation. <span class="ver">21</span>For I will cleanse their blood that I have not cleansed: for the LORD dwelleth in Zion. </p>
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<title>ECCLESIASTES</title>
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<h1>ECCLESIASTES</h1>
<div class="content-table">
<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="#c10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="#c11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="#c12">12</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The words of the Preacher, the son of David, king in Jerusalem. <span class="ver">2</span>VanitM
y of vanities, saith the Preacher, vanity of vanities; all is vanity. <span class="ver">3</span>What profit hath a man of all his labour which he taketh under the sun? <span class="ver">4</span>One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh: but the earth abideth for ever. <span class="ver">5</span>The sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to his place where he arose. <span class="ver">6</span>The wind goeth toward the south, and turneth about unto the north; it whirleth about continuallM
y, and the wind returneth again according to his circuits. <span class="ver">7</span>All the rivers run into the sea; yet the sea is not full; unto the place from whence the rivers come, thither they return again. <span class="ver">8</span>All things are full of labour; man cannot utter it: the eye is not satisfied with seeing, nor the ear filled with hearing. <span class="ver">9</span>The thing that hath been, it is that which shall be; and that which is done is that which shall be done: and there is no new thing M
under the sun. <span class="ver">10</span>Is there any thing whereof it may be said, See, this is new? it hath been already of old time, which was before us. <span class="ver">11</span>There is no remembrance of former things; neither shall there be any remembrance of things that are to come with those that shall come after. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>I the Preacher was king over Israel in Jerusalem. <span class="ver">13</span>And I gave my heart to seek and search out by wisdom concerning all things thatM
are done under heaven: this sore travail hath God given to the sons of man to be exercised therewith. <span class="ver">14</span>I have seen all the works that are done under the sun; and, behold, all is vanity and vexation of spirit. <span class="ver">15</span>That which is crooked cannot be made straight: and that which is wanting cannot be numbered. <span class="ver">16</span>I communed with mine own heart, saying, Lo, I am come to great estate, and have gotten more wisdom than all they that have been before meM
in Jerusalem: yea, my heart had great experience of wisdom and knowledge. <span class="ver">17</span>And I gave my heart to know wisdom, and to know madness and folly: I perceived that this also is vexation of spirit. <span class="ver">18</span>For in much wisdom is much grief: and he that increaseth knowledge increaseth sorrow.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>I said in mine heart, Go to now, I will prove thee with mirth, therefore enjoy pleasure: and, behold, this also is vanity. <spM
an class="ver">2</span>I said of laughter, It is mad: and of mirth, What doeth it? <span class="ver">3</span>I sought in mine heart to give myself unto wine, yet acquainting mine heart with wisdom; and to lay hold on folly, till I might see what was that good for the sons of men, which they should do under the heaven all the days of their life. <span class="ver">4</span>I made me great works; I builded me houses; I planted me vineyards: <span class="ver">5</span>I made me gardens and orchards, and I planted trees iM
n them of all kind of fruits: <span class="ver">6</span>I made me pools of water, to water therewith the wood that bringeth forth trees: <span class="ver">7</span>I got me servants and maidens, and had servants born in my house; also I had great possessions of great and small cattle above all that were in Jerusalem before me: <span class="ver">8</span>I gathered me also silver and gold, and the peculiar treasure of kings and of the provinces: I gat me men singers and women singers, and the delights of the sons of mM
en, as musical instruments, and that of all sorts. <span class="ver">9</span>So I was great, and increased more than all that were before me in Jerusalem: also my wisdom remained with me. <span class="ver">10</span>And whatsoever mine eyes desired I kept not from them, I withheld not my heart from any joy; for my heart rejoiced in all my labour: and this was my portion of all my labour. <span class="ver">11</span>Then I looked on all the works that my hands had wrought, and on the labour that I had laboured to do: M
and, behold, all was vanity and vexation of spirit, and there was no profit under the sun. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And I turned myself to behold wisdom, and madness, and folly: for what can the man do that cometh after the king? even that which hath been already done. <span class="ver">13</span>Then I saw that wisdom excelleth folly, as far as light excelleth darkness. <span class="ver">14</span>The wise man
s eyes are in his head; but the fool walketh in darkness: and I myself perceived also that onM
e event happeneth to them all. <span class="ver">15</span>Then said I in my heart, As it happeneth to the fool, so it happeneth even to me; and why was I then more wise? Then I said in my heart, that this also is vanity. <span class="ver">16</span>For there is no remembrance of the wise more than of the fool for ever; seeing that which now is in the days to come shall all be forgotten. And how dieth the wise man? as the fool. <span class="ver">17</span>Therefore I hated life; because the work that is wrought under M
the sun is grievous unto me: for all is vanity and vexation of spirit. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Yea, I hated all my labour which I had taken under the sun: because I should leave it unto the man that shall be after me. <span class="ver">19</span>And who knoweth whether he shall be a wise man or a fool? yet shall he have rule over all my labour wherein I have laboured, and wherein I have shewed myself wise under the sun. This is also vanity. <span class="ver">20</span>Therefore I went about to cause my hM
eart to despair of all the labour which I took under the sun. <span class="ver">21</span>For there is a man whose labour is in wisdom, and in knowledge, and in equity; yet to a man that hath not laboured therein shall he leave it for his portion. This also is vanity and a great evil. <span class="ver">22</span>For what hath man of all his labour, and of the vexation of his heart, wherein he hath laboured under the sun? <span class="ver">23</span>For all his days are sorrows, and his travail grief; yea, his heart taM
keth not rest in the night. This is also vanity. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>There is nothing better for a man, than that he should eat and drink, and that he should make his soul enjoy good in his labour. This also I saw, that it was from the hand of God. <span class="ver">25</span>For who can eat, or who else can hasten hereunto, more than I? <span class="ver">26</span>For God giveth to a man that is good in his sight wisdom, and knowledge, and joy: but to the sinner he giveth travail, to gather and to hM
eap up, that he may give to him that is good before God. This also is vanity and vexation of spirit.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>To every thing there is a season, and a time to every purpose under the heaven: <span class="ver">2</span>A time to be born, and a time to die; a time to plant, and a time to pluck up that which is planted; <span class="ver">3</span>A time to kill, and a time to heal; a time to break down, and a time to build up; <span class="ver">4</span>A time to weep, M
and a time to laugh; a time to mourn, and a time to dance; <span class="ver">5</span>A time to cast away stones, and a time to gather stones together; a time to embrace, and a time to refrain from embracing; <span class="ver">6</span>A time to get, and a time to lose; a time to keep, and a time to cast away; <span class="ver">7</span>A time to rend, and a time to sew; a time to keep silence, and a time to speak; <span class="ver">8</span>A time to love, and a time to hate; a time of war, and a time of peace. <span M
class="ver">9</span>What profit hath he that worketh in that wherein he laboureth? <span class="ver">10</span>I have seen the travail, which God hath given to the sons of men to be exercised in it. <span class="ver">11</span>He hath made every thing beautiful in his time: also he hath set the world in their heart, so that no man can find out the work that God maketh from the beginning to the end. <span class="ver">12</span>I know that there is no good in them, but for a man to rejoice, and to do good in his life. <M
span class="ver">13</span>And also that every man should eat and drink, and enjoy the good of all his labour, it is the gift of God. <span class="ver">14</span>I know that, whatsoever God doeth, it shall be for ever: nothing can be put to it, nor any thing taken from it: and God doeth it, that men should fear before him. <span class="ver">15</span>That which hath been is now; and that which is to be hath already been; and God requireth that which is past. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And moreover I saw undeM
r the sun the place of judgment, that wickedness was there; and the place of righteousness, that iniquity was there. <span class="ver">17</span>I said in mine heart, God shall judge the righteous and the wicked: for there is a time there for every purpose and for every work. <span class="ver">18</span>I said in mine heart concerning the estate of the sons of men, that God might manifest them, and that they might see that they themselves are beasts. <span class="ver">19</span>For that which befalleth the sons of menM
befalleth beasts; even one thing befalleth them: as the one dieth, so dieth the other; yea, they have all one breath; so that a man hath no preeminence above a beast: for all is vanity. <span class="ver">20</span>All go unto one place; all are of the dust, and all turn to dust again. <span class="ver">21</span>Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth? <span class="ver">22</span>Wherefore I perceive that there is nothing better, than that a man shM
ould rejoice in his own works; for that is his portion: for who shall bring him to see what shall be after him?
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>So I returned, and considered all the oppressions that are done under the sun: and behold the tears of such as were oppressed, and they had no comforter; and on the side of their oppressors there was power; but they had no comforter. <span class="ver">2</span>Wherefore I praised the dead which are already dead more than the living which are yetM
alive. <span class="ver">3</span>Yea, better is he than both they, which hath not yet been, who hath not seen the evil work that is done under the sun. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Again, I considered all travail, and every right work, that for this a man is envied of his neighbour. This is also vanity and vexation of spirit. <span class="ver">5</span>The fool foldeth his hands together, and eateth his own flesh. <span class="ver">6</span>Better is an handful with quietness, than both the hands full with trM
avail and vexation of spirit. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Then I returned, and I saw vanity under the sun. <span class="ver">8</span>There is one alone, and there is not a second; yea, he hath neither child nor brother: yet is there no end of all his labour; neither is his eye satisfied with riches; neither saith he, For whom do I labour, and bereave my soul of good? This is also vanity, yea, it is a sore travail. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Two are better than one; because they have a good reward fM
or their labour. <span class="ver">10</span>For if they fall, the one will lift up his fellow: but woe to him that is alone when he falleth; for he hath not another to help him up. <span class="ver">11</span>Again, if two lie together, then they have heat: but how can one be warm alone? <span class="ver">12</span>And if one prevail against him, two shall withstand him; and a threefold cord is not quickly broken. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Better is a poor and a wise child than an old and foolish king, whoM
will no more be admonished. <span class="ver">14</span>For out of prison he cometh to reign; whereas also he that is born in his kingdom becometh poor. <span class="ver">15</span>I considered all the living which walk under the sun, with the second child that shall stand up in his stead. <span class="ver">16</span>There is no end of all the people, even of all that have been before them: they also that come after shall not rejoice in him. Surely this also is vanity and vexation of spirit.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5<M
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Keep thy foot when thou goest to the house of God, and be more ready to hear, than to give the sacrifice of fools: for they consider not that they do evil. <span class="ver">2</span>Be not rash with thy mouth, and let not thine heart be hasty to utter any thing before God: for God is in heaven, and thou upon earth: therefore let thy words be few. <span class="ver">3</span>For a dream cometh through the multitude of business; and a fool
s voice is known by multitude of words. <M
span class="ver">4</span>When thou vowest a vow unto God, defer not to pay it; for he hath no pleasure in fools: pay that which thou hast vowed. <span class="ver">5</span>Better is it that thou shouldest not vow, than that thou shouldest vow and not pay. <span class="ver">6</span>Suffer not thy mouth to cause thy flesh to sin; neither say thou before the angel, that it was an error: wherefore should God be angry at thy voice, and destroy the work of thine hands? <span class="ver">7</span>For in the multitude of dreM
ams and many words there are also divers vanities: but fear thou God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>If thou seest the oppression of the poor, and violent perverting of judgment and justice in a province, marvel not at the matter: for he that is higher than the highest regardeth; and there be higher than they. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Moreover the profit of the earth is for all: the king himself is served by the field. <span class="ver">10</span>He that loveth silver shall not be satisfied with silvM
er; nor he that loveth abundance with increase: this is also vanity. <span class="ver">11</span>When goods increase, they are increased that eat them: and what good is there to the owners thereof, saving the beholding of them with their eyes? <span class="ver">12</span>The sleep of a labouring man is sweet, whether he eat little or much: but the abundance of the rich will not suffer him to sleep. <span class="ver">13</span>There is a sore evil which I have seen under the sun, namely, riches kept for the owners therM
eof to their hurt. <span class="ver">14</span>But those riches perish by evil travail: and he begetteth a son, and there is nothing in his hand. <span class="ver">15</span>As he came forth of his mother
s womb, naked shall he return to go as he came, and shall take nothing of his labour, which he may carry away in his hand. <span class="ver">16</span>And this also is a sore evil, that in all points as he came, so shall he go: and what profit hath he that hath laboured for the wind? <span class="ver">17</span>All M
his days also he eateth in darkness, and he hath much sorrow and wrath with his sickness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Behold that which I have seen: it is good and comely for one to eat and to drink, and to enjoy the good of all his labour that he taketh under the sun all the days of his life, which God giveth him: for it is his portion. <span class="ver">19</span>Every man also to whom God hath given riches and wealth, and hath given him power to eat thereof, and to take his portion, and to rejoice in hisM
labour; this is the gift of God. <span class="ver">20</span>For he shall not much remember the days of his life; because God answereth him in the joy of his heart.
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>There is an evil which I have seen under the sun, and it is common among men: <span class="ver">2</span>A man to whom God hath given riches, wealth, and honour, so that he wanteth nothing for his soul of all that he desireth, yet God giveth him not power to eat thereof, but a stranger eateth M
it: this is vanity, and it is an evil disease. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>If a man beget an hundred children, and live many years, so that the days of his years be many, and his soul be not filled with good, and also that he have no burial; I say, that an untimely birth is better than he. <span class="ver">4</span>For he cometh in with vanity, and departeth in darkness, and his name shall be covered with darkness. <span class="ver">5</span>Moreover he hath not seen the sun, nor known any thing: this hath mM
ore rest than the other. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Yea, though he live a thousand years twice told, yet hath he seen no good: do not all go to one place? <span class="ver">7</span>All the labour of man is for his mouth, and yet the appetite is not filled. <span class="ver">8</span>For what hath the wise more than the fool? what hath the poor, that knoweth to walk before the living? </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Better is the sight of the eyes than the wandering of the desire: this is also vanity andM
vexation of spirit. <span class="ver">10</span>That which hath been is named already, and it is known that it is man: neither may he contend with him that is mightier than he. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Seeing there be many things that increase vanity, what is man the better? <span class="ver">12</span>For who knoweth what is good for man in this life, all the days of his vain life which he spendeth as a shadow? for who can tell a man what shall be after him under the sun?
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>A good name is better than precious ointment; and the day of death than the day of one
<p><span class="ver">2</span>It is better to go to the house of mourning, than to go to the house of feasting: for that is the end of all men; and the living will lay it to his heart. <span class="ver">3</span>Sorrow is better than laughter: for by the sadness of the countenance the heart is made better. <span class="ver">4</span>The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning; bM
ut the heart of fools is in the house of mirth. <span class="ver">5</span>It is better to hear the rebuke of the wise, than for a man to hear the song of fools. <span class="ver">6</span>For as the crackling of thorns under a pot, so is the laughter of the fool: this also is vanity. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Surely oppression maketh a wise man mad; and a gift destroyeth the heart. <span class="ver">8</span>Better is the end of a thing than the beginning thereof: and the patient in spirit is better than thM
e proud in spirit. <span class="ver">9</span>Be not hasty in thy spirit to be angry: for anger resteth in the bosom of fools. <span class="ver">10</span>Say not thou, What is the cause that the former days were better than these? for thou dost not enquire wisely concerning this. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Wisdom is good with an inheritance: and by it there is profit to them that see the sun. <span class="ver">12</span>For wisdom is a defence, and money is a defence: but the excellency of knowledge is, thaM
t wisdom giveth life to them that have it. <span class="ver">13</span>Consider the work of God: for who can make that straight, which he hath made crooked? <span class="ver">14</span>In the day of prosperity be joyful, but in the day of adversity consider: God also hath set the one over against the other, to the end that man should find nothing after him. <span class="ver">15</span>All things have I seen in the days of my vanity: there is a just man that perisheth in his righteousness, and there is a wicked man thaM
t prolongeth his life in his wickedness. <span class="ver">16</span>Be not righteous over much; neither make thyself over wise: why shouldest thou destroy thyself? <span class="ver">17</span>Be not over much wicked, neither be thou foolish: why shouldest thou die before thy time? <span class="ver">18</span>It is good that thou shouldest take hold of this; yea, also from this withdraw not thine hand: for he that feareth God shall come forth of them all. <span class="ver">19</span>Wisdom strengtheneth the wise more tM
han ten mighty men which are in the city. <span class="ver">20</span>For there is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not. <span class="ver">21</span>Also take no heed unto all words that are spoken; lest thou hear thy servant curse thee: <span class="ver">22</span>For oftentimes also thine own heart knoweth that thou thyself likewise hast cursed others. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>All this have I proved by wisdom: I said, I will be wise; but it was far from me. <span class="ver">24</spM
an>That which is far off, and exceeding deep, who can find it out? <span class="ver">25</span>I applied mine heart to know, and to search, and to seek out wisdom, and the reason of things, and to know the wickedness of folly, even of foolishness and madness: <span class="ver">26</span>And I find more bitter than death the woman, whose heart is snares and nets, and her hands as bands: whoso pleaseth God shall escape from her; but the sinner shall be taken by her. <span class="ver">27</span>Behold, this have I found,M
saith the preacher, counting one by one, to find out the account: <span class="ver">28</span>Which yet my soul seeketh, but I find not: one man among a thousand have I found; but a woman among all those have I not found. <span class="ver">29</span>Lo, this only have I found, that God hath made man upright; but they have sought out many inventions.
<h2 id="c8">Chapter 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Who is as the wise man? and who knoweth the interpretation of a thing? a man
s wisdom maketh his face to M
shine, and the boldness of his face shall be changed. <span class="ver">2</span>I counsel thee to keep the king
s commandment, and that in regard of the oath of God. <span class="ver">3</span>Be not hasty to go out of his sight: stand not in an evil thing; for he doeth whatsoever pleaseth him. <span class="ver">4</span>Where the word of a king is, there is power: and who may say unto him, What doest thou? <span class="ver">5</span>Whoso keepeth the commandment shall feel no evil thing: and a wise man
scerneth both time and judgment. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Because to every purpose there is time and judgment, therefore the misery of man is great upon him. <span class="ver">7</span>For he knoweth not that which shall be: for who can tell him when it shall be? <span class="ver">8</span>There is no man that hath power over the spirit to retain the spirit; neither hath he power in the day of death: and there is no discharge in that war; neither shall wickedness deliver those that are given to it. <span cM
lass="ver">9</span>All this have I seen, and applied my heart unto every work that is done under the sun: there is a time wherein one man ruleth over another to his own hurt. <span class="ver">10</span>And so I saw the wicked buried, who had come and gone from the place of the holy, and they were forgotten in the city where they had so done: this is also vanity. <span class="ver">11</span>Because sentence against an evil work is not executed speedily, therefore the heart of the sons of men is fully set in them to dM
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Though a sinner do evil an hundred times, and his days be prolonged, yet surely I know that it shall be well with them that fear God, which fear before him: <span class="ver">13</span>But it shall not be well with the wicked, neither shall he prolong his days, which are as a shadow; because he feareth not before God. <span class="ver">14</span>There is a vanity which is done upon the earth; that there be just men, unto whom it happeneth according to the work of the wickeM
d; again, there be wicked men, to whom it happeneth according to the work of the righteous: I said that this also is vanity. <span class="ver">15</span>Then I commended mirth, because a man hath no better thing under the sun, than to eat, and to drink, and to be merry: for that shall abide with him of his labour the days of his life, which God giveth him under the sun. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>When I applied mine heart to know wisdom, and to see the business that is done upon the earth: (for also there M
is that neither day nor night seeth sleep with his eyes:) <span class="ver">17</span>Then I beheld all the work of God, that a man cannot find out the work that is done under the sun: because though a man labour to seek it out, yet he shall not find it; yea further; though a wise man think to know it, yet shall he not be able to find it.
<h2 id="c9">Chapter 9</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>For all this I considered in my heart even to declare all this, that the righteous, and the wise, and their works, areM
in the hand of God: no man knoweth either love or hatred by all that is before them. <span class="ver">2</span>All things come alike to all: there is one event to the righteous, and to the wicked; to the good and to the clean, and to the unclean; to him that sacrificeth, and to him that sacrificeth not: as is the good, so is the sinner; and he that sweareth, as he that feareth an oath. <span class="ver">3</span>This is an evil among all things that are done under the sun, that there is one event unto all: yea, alsM
o the heart of the sons of men is full of evil, and madness is in their heart while they live, and after that they go to the dead. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>For to him that is joined to all the living there is hope: for a living dog is better than a dead lion. <span class="ver">5</span>For the living know that they shall die: but the dead know not any thing, neither have they any more a reward; for the memory of them is forgotten. <span class="ver">6</span>Also their love, and their hatred, and their envyM
, is now perished; neither have they any more a portion for ever in any thing that is done under the sun. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Go thy way, eat thy bread with joy, and drink thy wine with a merry heart; for God now accepteth thy works. <span class="ver">8</span>Let thy garments be always white; and let thy head lack no ointment. <span class="ver">9</span>Live joyfully with the wife whom thou lovest all the days of the life of thy vanity, which he hath given thee under the sun, all the days of thy vaniM
ty: for that is thy portion in this life, and in thy labour which thou takest under the sun. <span class="ver">10</span>Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might; for there is no work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor wisdom, in the grave, whither thou goest. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>I returned, and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favour to men of skill; but timeM
and chance happeneth to them all. <span class="ver">12</span>For man also knoweth not his time: as the fishes that are taken in an evil net, and as the birds that are caught in the snare; so are the sons of men snared in an evil time, when it falleth suddenly upon them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>This wisdom have I seen also under the sun, and it seemed great unto me: <span class="ver">14</span>There was a little city, and few men within it; and there came a great king against it, and besieged it, and buM
ilt great bulwarks against it: <span class="ver">15</span>Now there was found in it a poor wise man, and he by his wisdom delivered the city; yet no man remembered that same poor man. <span class="ver">16</span>Then said I, Wisdom is better than strength: nevertheless the poor man
s wisdom is despised, and his words are not heard. <span class="ver">17</span>The words of wise men are heard in quiet more than the cry of him that ruleth among fools. <span class="ver">18</span>Wisdom is better than weapons of war: buM
t one sinner destroyeth much good.
<h2 id="c10">Chapter 10</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Dead flies cause the ointment of the apothecary to send forth a stinking savour: so doth a little folly him that is in reputation for wisdom and honour. <span class="ver">2</span>A wise man
s heart is at his right hand; but a fool
s heart at his left. <span class="ver">3</span>Yea also, when he that is a fool walketh by the way, his wisdom faileth him, and he saith to every one that he is a fool. <span class="ver"M
>4</span>If the spirit of the ruler rise up against thee, leave not thy place; for yielding pacifieth great offences. <span class="ver">5</span>There is an evil which I have seen under the sun, as an error which proceedeth from the ruler: <span class="ver">6</span>Folly is set in great dignity, and the rich sit in low place. <span class="ver">7</span>I have seen servants upon horses, and princes walking as servants upon the earth. <span class="ver">8</span>He that diggeth a pit shall fall into it; and whoso breaketM
h an hedge, a serpent shall bite him. <span class="ver">9</span>Whoso removeth stones shall be hurt therewith; and he that cleaveth wood shall be endangered thereby. <span class="ver">10</span>If the iron be blunt, and he do not whet the edge, then must he put to more strength: but wisdom is profitable to direct. <span class="ver">11</span>Surely the serpent will bite without enchantment; and a babbler is no better. <span class="ver">12</span>The words of a wise man
s mouth are gracious; but the lips of a fool wiM
ll swallow up himself. <span class="ver">13</span>The beginning of the words of his mouth is foolishness: and the end of his talk is mischievous madness. <span class="ver">14</span>A fool also is full of words: a man cannot tell what shall be; and what shall be after him, who can tell him? <span class="ver">15</span>The labour of the foolish wearieth every one of them, because he knoweth not how to go to the city. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Woe to thee, O land, when thy king is a child, and thy princes eaM
t in the morning! <span class="ver">17</span>Blessed art thou, O land, when thy king is the son of nobles, and thy princes eat in due season, for strength, and not for drunkenness! </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>By much slothfulness the building decayeth; and through idleness of the hands the house droppeth through. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>A feast is made for laughter, and wine maketh merry: but money answereth all things. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Curse not the king, no not in thy thoM
ught; and curse not the rich in thy bedchamber: for a bird of the air shall carry the voice, and that which hath wings shall tell the matter.
<h2 id="c11">Chapter 11</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Cast thy bread upon the waters: for thou shalt find it after many days. <span class="ver">2</span>Give a portion to seven, and also to eight; for thou knowest not what evil shall be upon the earth. <span class="ver">3</span>If the clouds be full of rain, they empty themselves upon the earth: and if the tree fall M
toward the south, or toward the north, in the place where the tree falleth, there it shall be. <span class="ver">4</span>He that observeth the wind shall not sow; and he that regardeth the clouds shall not reap. <span class="ver">5</span>As thou knowest not what is the way of the spirit, nor how the bones do grow in the womb of her that is with child: even so thou knowest not the works of God who maketh all. <span class="ver">6</span>In the morning sow thy seed, and in the evening withhold not thine hand: for thou M
knowest not whether shall prosper, either this or that, or whether they both shall be alike good. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Truly the light is sweet, and a pleasant thing it is for the eyes to behold the sun: <span class="ver">8</span>But if a man live many years, and rejoice in them all; yet let him remember the days of darkness; for they shall be many. All that cometh is vanity. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Rejoice, O young man, in thy youth; and let thy heart cheer thee in the days of thy youth,M
and walk in the ways of thine heart, and in the sight of thine eyes: but know thou, that for all these things God will bring thee into judgment. <span class="ver">10</span>Therefore remove sorrow from thy heart, and put away evil from thy flesh: for childhood and youth are vanity.
<h2 id="c12">Chapter 12</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Remember now thy Creator in the days of thy youth, while the evil days come not, nor the years draw nigh, when thou shalt say, I have no pleasure in them; <span class="ver">M
2</span>While the sun, or the light, or the moon, or the stars, be not darkened, nor the clouds return after the rain: <span class="ver">3</span>In the day when the keepers of the house shall tremble, and the strong men shall bow themselves, and the grinders cease because they are few, and those that look out of the windows be darkened, <span class="ver">4</span>And the doors shall be shut in the streets, when the sound of the grinding is low, and he shall rise up at the voice of the bird, and all the daughters of M
musick shall be brought low; <span class="ver">5</span>Also when they shall be afraid of that which is high, and fears shall be in the way, and the almond tree shall flourish, and the grasshopper shall be a burden, and desire shall fail: because man goeth to his long home, and the mourners go about the streets: <span class="ver">6</span>Or ever the silver cord be loosed, or the golden bowl be broken, or the pitcher be broken at the fountain, or the wheel broken at the cistern. <span class="ver">7</span>Then shall tM
he dust return to the earth as it was: and the spirit shall return unto God who gave it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Vanity of vanities, saith the preacher; all is vanity. <span class="ver">9</span>And moreover, because the preacher was wise, he still taught the people knowledge; yea, he gave good heed, and sought out, and set in order many proverbs. <span class="ver">10</span>The preacher sought to find out acceptable words: and that which was written was upright, even words of truth. <span class="ver">11<M
/span>The words of the wise are as goads, and as nails fastened by the masters of assemblies, which are given from one shepherd. <span class="ver">12</span>And further, by these, my son, be admonished: of making many books there is no end; and much study is a weariness of the flesh. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Let us hear the conclusion of the whole matter: Fear God, and keep his commandments: for this is the whole duty of man. <span class="ver">14</span>For God shall bring every work into judgment, with eL
very secret thing, whether it be good, or whether it be evil. </p>
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<title>CHRONICLES</title>
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<span>THE FIRST BOOK OF THE</span>
<div class="content-table">
<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="#c10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="#c11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="#c12">12</a></li>
<li><a href="#c13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="#c14">14</a></li>
<li><a href="#c15">15</a></li>
f="#c16">16</a></li>
<li><a href="#c17">17</a></li>
<li><a href="#c18">18</a></li>
<li><a href="#c19">19</a></li>
<li><a href="#c20">20</a></li>
<li><a href="#c21">21</a></li>
<li><a href="#c22">22</a></li>
<li><a href="#c23">23</a></li>
<li><a href="#c24">24</a></li>
<li><a href="#c25">25</a></li>
<li><a href="#c26">26</a></li>
<li><a href="#c27">27</a></li>
<li><a href="#c28">28</a></li>
<li><a href="#c29">29</a></li>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Adam, Sheth, Enosh, <span class="ver">2</span>Kenan, Mahalaleel, Jered, <span class="ver">3</span>Henoch, Methuselah, Lamech, <span class="ver">4</span>Noah, Shem, Ham, and Japheth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras. <span class="ver">6</span>And the sons of Gomer; Ashchenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah. <span class="ver">7</span>And the sons of Javan; Elishah, and TarshiM
sh, Kittim, and Dodanim. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>The sons of Ham; Cush, and Mizraim, Put, and Canaan. <span class="ver">9</span>And the sons of Cush; Seba, and Havilah, and Sabta, and Raamah, and Sabtecha. And the sons of Raamah; Sheba, and Dedan. <span class="ver">10</span>And Cush begat Nimrod: he began to be mighty upon the earth. <span class="ver">11</span>And Mizraim begat Ludim, and Anamim, and Lehabim, and Naphtuhim, <span class="ver">12</span>And Pathrusim, and Casluhim, (of whom came the PhilisM
tines,) and Caphthorim. <span class="ver">13</span>And Canaan begat Zidon his firstborn, and Heth, <span class="ver">14</span>The Jebusite also, and the Amorite, and the Girgashite, <span class="ver">15</span>And the Hivite, and the Arkite, and the Sinite, <span class="ver">16</span>And the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>The sons of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram, and Uz, and Hul, and Gether, and Meshech. <span class="ver">18</span>And ArM
phaxad begat Shelah, and Shelah begat Eber. <span class="ver">19</span>And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of the one was Peleg; because in his days the earth was divided: and his brother
s name was Joktan. <span class="ver">20</span>And Joktan begat Almodad, and Sheleph, and Hazarmaveth, and Jerah, <span class="ver">21</span>Hadoram also, and Uzal, and Diklah, <span class="ver">22</span>And Ebal, and Abimael, and Sheba, <span class="ver">23</span>And Ophir, and Havilah, and Jobab. All these were the sons M
<p><span class="ver">24</span>Shem, Arphaxad, Shelah, <span class="ver">25</span>Eber, Peleg, Reu, <span class="ver">26</span>Serug, Nahor, Terah, <span class="ver">27</span>Abram; the same is Abraham. <span class="ver">28</span>The sons of Abraham; Isaac, and Ishmael. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>These are their generations: The firstborn of Ishmael, Nebaioth; then Kedar, and Adbeel, and Mibsam, <span class="ver">30</span>Mishma, and Dumah, Massa, Hadad, and Tema, <span class="ver">31</spM
an>Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. These are the sons of Ishmael. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>Now the sons of Keturah, Abraham
s concubine: she bare Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah. And the sons of Jokshan; Sheba, and Dedan. <span class="ver">33</span>And the sons of Midian; Ephah, and Epher, and Henoch, and Abida, and Eldaah. All these are the sons of Keturah. <span class="ver">34</span>And Abraham begat Isaac. The sons of Isaac; Esau and Israel. </p>
<p><span class="verM
">35</span>The sons of Esau; Eliphaz, Reuel, and Jeush, and Jaalam, and Korah. <span class="ver">36</span>The sons of Eliphaz; Teman, and Omar, Zephi, and Gatam, Kenaz, and Timna, and Amalek. <span class="ver">37</span>The sons of Reuel; Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. <span class="ver">38</span>And the sons of Seir; Lotan, and Shobal, and Zibeon, and Anah, and Dishon, and Ezer, and Dishan. <span class="ver">39</span>And the sons of Lotan; Hori, and Homam: and Timna was Lotan
s sister. <span class="ver">40</sM
pan>The sons of Shobal; Alian, and Manahath, and Ebal, Shephi, and Onam. And the sons of Zibeon; Aiah, and Anah. <span class="ver">41</span>The sons of Anah; Dishon. And the sons of Dishon; Amram, and Eshban, and Ithran, and Cheran. <span class="ver">42</span>The sons of Ezer; Bilhan, and Zavan, and Jakan. The sons of Dishan; Uz, and Aran. </p>
<p><span class="ver">43</span>Now these are the kings that reigned in the land of Edom before any king reigned over the children of Israel; Bela the son of Beor: and the nM
ame of his city was Dinhabah. <span class="ver">44</span>And when Bela was dead, Jobab the son of Zerah of Bozrah reigned in his stead. <span class="ver">45</span>And when Jobab was dead, Husham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his stead. <span class="ver">46</span>And when Husham was dead, Hadad the son of Bedad, which smote Midian in the field of Moab, reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Avith. <span class="ver">47</span>And when Hadad was dead, Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his stead. <spanM
class="ver">48</span>And when Samlah was dead, Shaul of Rehoboth by the river reigned in his stead. <span class="ver">49</span>And when Shaul was dead, Baal-hanan the son of Achbor reigned in his stead. <span class="ver">50</span>And when Baal-hanan was dead, Hadad reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Pai; and his wife
s name was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Mezahab. </p>
<p><span class="ver">51</span>Hadad died also. And the dukes of Edom were; duke Timnah, duke Aliah, dukeM
Jetheth, <span class="ver">52</span>Duke Aholibamah, duke Elah, duke Pinon, <span class="ver">53</span>Duke Kenaz, duke Teman, duke Mibzar, <span class="ver">54</span>Duke Magdiel, duke Iram. These are the dukes of Edom.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>These are the sons of Israel; Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun, <span class="ver">2</span>Dan, Joseph, and Benjamin, Naphtali, Gad, and Asher. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>The sons of Judah; Er, and Onan, anM
d Shelah: which three were born unto him of the daughter of Shua the Canaanitess. And Er, the firstborn of Judah, was evil in the sight of the LORD; and he slew him. <span class="ver">4</span>And Tamar his daughter in law bare him Pharez and Zerah. All the sons of Judah were five. <span class="ver">5</span>The sons of Pharez; Hezron, and Hamul. <span class="ver">6</span>And the sons of Zerah; Zimri, and Ethan, and Heman, and Calcol, and Dara: five of them in all. <span class="ver">7</span>And the sons of Carmi; AchM
ar, the troubler of Israel, who transgressed in the thing accursed. <span class="ver">8</span>And the sons of Ethan; Azariah. <span class="ver">9</span>The sons also of Hezron, that were born unto him; Jerahmeel, and Ram, and Chelubai. <span class="ver">10</span>And Ram begat Amminadab; and Amminadab begat Nahshon, prince of the children of Judah; <span class="ver">11</span>And Nahshon begat Salma, and Salma begat Boaz, <span class="ver">12</span>And Boaz begat Obed, and Obed begat Jesse, </p>
<p><span class="verM
">13</span>And Jesse begat his firstborn Eliab, and Abinadab the second, and Shimma the third, <span class="ver">14</span>Nethaneel the fourth, Raddai the fifth, <span class="ver">15</span>Ozem the sixth, David the seventh: <span class="ver">16</span>Whose sisters were Zeruiah, and Abigail. And the sons of Zeruiah; Abishai, and Joab, and Asahel, three. <span class="ver">17</span>And Abigail bare Amasa: and the father of Amasa was Jether the Ishmeelite. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And Caleb the son of HezroM
n begat children of Azubah his wife, and of Jerioth: her sons are these; Jesher, and Shobab, and Ardon. <span class="ver">19</span>And when Azubah was dead, Caleb took unto him Ephrath, which bare him Hur. <span class="ver">20</span>And Hur begat Uri, and Uri begat Bezaleel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And afterward Hezron went in to the daughter of Machir the father of Gilead, whom he married when he was threescore years old; and she bare him Segub. <span class="ver">22</span>And Segub begat Jair, who hadM
three and twenty cities in the land of Gilead. <span class="ver">23</span>And he took Geshur, and Aram, with the towns of Jair, from them, with Kenath, and the towns thereof, even threescore cities. All these belonged to the sons of Machir the father of Gilead. <span class="ver">24</span>And after that Hezron was dead in Caleb-ephratah, then Abiah Hezron
s wife bare him Ashur the father of Tekoa. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And the sons of Jerahmeel the firstborn of Hezron were, Ram the firstborn, and BM
unah, and Oren, and Ozem, and Ahijah. <span class="ver">26</span>Jerahmeel had also another wife, whose name was Atarah; she was the mother of Onam. <span class="ver">27</span>And the sons of Ram the firstborn of Jerahmeel were, Maaz, and Jamin, and Eker. <span class="ver">28</span>And the sons of Onam were, Shammai, and Jada. And the sons of Shammai; Nadab, and Abishur. <span class="ver">29</span>And the name of the wife of Abishur was Abihail, and she bare him Ahban, and Molid. <span class="ver">30</span>And the M
sons of Nadab; Seled, and Appaim: but Seled died without children. <span class="ver">31</span>And the sons of Appaim; Ishi. And the sons of Ishi; Sheshan. And the children of Sheshan; Ahlai. <span class="ver">32</span>And the sons of Jada the brother of Shammai; Jether, and Jonathan: and Jether died without children. <span class="ver">33</span>And the sons of Jonathan; Peleth, and Zaza. These were the sons of Jerahmeel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">34</span>Now Sheshan had no sons, but daughters. And Sheshan had a sM
ervant, an Egyptian, whose name was Jarha. <span class="ver">35</span>And Sheshan gave his daughter to Jarha his servant to wife; and she bare him Attai. <span class="ver">36</span>And Attai begat Nathan, and Nathan begat Zabad, <span class="ver">37</span>And Zabad begat Ephlal, and Ephlal begat Obed, <span class="ver">38</span>And Obed begat Jehu, and Jehu begat Azariah, <span class="ver">39</span>And Azariah begat Helez, and Helez begat Eleasah, <span class="ver">40</span>And Eleasah begat Sisamai, and Sisamai beM
gat Shallum, <span class="ver">41</span>And Shallum begat Jekamiah, and Jekamiah begat Elishama. </p>
<p><span class="ver">42</span>Now the sons of Caleb the brother of Jerahmeel were, Mesha his firstborn, which was the father of Ziph; and the sons of Mareshah the father of Hebron. <span class="ver">43</span>And the sons of Hebron; Korah, and Tappuah, and Rekem, and Shema. <span class="ver">44</span>And Shema begat Raham, the father of Jorkoam: and Rekem begat Shammai. <span class="ver">45</span>And the son of ShM
ammai was Maon: and Maon was the father of Beth-zur. <span class="ver">46</span>And Ephah, Caleb
s concubine, bare Haran, and Moza, and Gazez: and Haran begat Gazez. <span class="ver">47</span>And the sons of Jahdai; Regem, and Jotham, and Geshan, and Pelet, and Ephah, and Shaaph. <span class="ver">48</span>Maachah, Caleb
s concubine, bare Sheber, and Tirhanah. <span class="ver">49</span>She bare also Shaaph the father of Madmannah, Sheva the father of Machbenah, and the father of Gibea: and the daughter of CalM
<p><span class="ver">50</span>These were the sons of Caleb the son of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratah; Shobal the father of Kirjath-jearim, <span class="ver">51</span>Salma the father of Beth-lehem, Hareph the father of Beth-gader. <span class="ver">52</span>And Shobal the father of Kirjath-jearim had sons; Haroeh, and half of the Manahethites. <span class="ver">53</span>And the families of Kirjath-jearim; the Ithrites, and the Puhites, and the Shumathites, and the Mishraites; of them came the M
Zareathites, and the Eshtaulites. <span class="ver">54</span>The sons of Salma; Beth-lehem, and the Netophathites, Ataroth, the house of Joab, and half of the Manahethites, the Zorites. <span class="ver">55</span>And the families of the scribes which dwelt at Jabez; the Tirathites, the Shimeathites, and Suchathites. These are the Kenites that came of Hemath, the father of the house of Rechab.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now these were the sons of David, which were born unto him in M
Hebron; the firstborn Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess; the second Daniel, of Abigail the Carmelitess: <span class="ver">2</span>The third, Absalom the son of Maachah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur: the fourth, Adonijah the son of Haggith: <span class="ver">3</span>The fifth, Shephatiah of Abital: the sixth, Ithream by Eglah his wife. <span class="ver">4</span>These six were born unto him in Hebron; and there he reigned seven years and six months: and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty and three years. <span cM
lass="ver">5</span>And these were born unto him in Jerusalem; Shimea, and Shobab, and Nathan, and Solomon, four, of Bath-shua the daughter of Ammiel: <span class="ver">6</span>Ibhar also, and Elishama, and Eliphelet, <span class="ver">7</span>And Nogah, and Nepheg, and Japhia, <span class="ver">8</span>And Elishama, and Eliada, and Eliphelet, nine. <span class="ver">9</span>These were all the sons of David, beside the sons of the concubines, and Tamar their sister. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And Solomon
s son was Rehoboam, Abia his son, Asa his son, Jehoshaphat his son, <span class="ver">11</span>Joram his son, Ahaziah his son, Joash his son, <span class="ver">12</span>Amaziah his son, Azariah his son, Jotham his son, <span class="ver">13</span>Ahaz his son, Hezekiah his son, Manasseh his son, <span class="ver">14</span>Amon his son, Josiah his son. <span class="ver">15</span>And the sons of Josiah were, the firstborn Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum. <span class="ver">16</spaM
n>And the sons of Jehoiakim: Jeconiah his son, Zedekiah his son. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And the sons of Jeconiah; Assir, Salathiel his son, <span class="ver">18</span>Malchiram also, and Pedaiah, and Shenazar, Jecamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah. <span class="ver">19</span>And the sons of Pedaiah were, Zerubbabel, and Shimei: and the sons of Zerubbabel; Meshullam, and Hananiah, and Shelomith their sister: <span class="ver">20</span>And Hashubah, and Ohel, and Berechiah, and Hasadiah, Jushab-hesed, five. <M
span class="ver">21</span>And the sons of Hananiah; Pelatiah, and Jesaiah: the sons of Rephaiah, the sons of Arnan, the sons of Obadiah, the sons of Shechaniah. <span class="ver">22</span>And the sons of Shechaniah; Shemaiah: and the sons of Shemaiah; Hattush, and Igeal, and Bariah, and Neariah, and Shaphat, six. <span class="ver">23</span>And the sons of Neariah; Elioenai, and Hezekiah, and Azrikam, three. <span class="ver">24</span>And the sons of Elioenai were, Hodaiah, and Eliashib, and Pelaiah, and Akkub, and M
Johanan, and Dalaiah, and Anani, seven.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The sons of Judah; Pharez, Hezron, and Carmi, and Hur, and Shobal. <span class="ver">2</span>And Reaiah the son of Shobal begat Jahath; and Jahath begat Ahumai, and Lahad. These are the families of the Zorathites. <span class="ver">3</span>And these were of the father of Etam; Jezreel, and Ishma, and Idbash: and the name of their sister was Hazelelponi: <span class="ver">4</span>And Penuel the father of Gedor, and M
Ezer the father of Hushah. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratah, the father of Beth-lehem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And Ashur the father of Tekoa had two wives, Helah and Naarah. <span class="ver">6</span>And Naarah bare him Ahuzam, and Hepher, and Temeni, and Haahashtari. These were the sons of Naarah. <span class="ver">7</span>And the sons of Helah were, Zereth, and Jezoar, and Ethnan. <span class="ver">8</span>And Coz begat Anub, and Zobebah, and the families of Aharhel the son of HaruM
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And Jabez was more honourable than his brethren: and his mother called his name Jabez, saying, Because I bare him with sorrow. <span class="ver">10</span>And Jabez called on the God of Israel, saying, Oh that thou wouldest bless me indeed, and enlarge my coast, and that thine hand might be with me, and that thou wouldest keep me from evil, that it may not grieve me! And God granted him that which he requested. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And Chelub the brother of ShuaM
h begat Mehir, which was the father of Eshton. <span class="ver">12</span>And Eshton begat Beth-rapha, and Paseah, and Tehinnah the father of Ir-nahash. These are the men of Rechah. <span class="ver">13</span>And the sons of Kenaz; Othniel, and Seraiah: and the sons of Othniel; Hathath. <span class="ver">14</span>And Meonothai begat Ophrah: and Seraiah begat Joab, the father of the valley of Charashim; for they were craftsmen. <span class="ver">15</span>And the sons of Caleb the son of Jephunneh; Iru, Elah, and NaaM
m: and the sons of Elah, even Kenaz. <span class="ver">16</span>And the sons of Jehaleleel; Ziph, and Ziphah, Tiria, and Asareel. <span class="ver">17</span>And the sons of Ezra were, Jether, and Mered, and Epher, and Jalon: and she bare Miriam, and Shammai, and Ishbah the father of Eshtemoa. <span class="ver">18</span>And his wife Jehudijah bare Jered the father of Gedor, and Heber the father of Socho, and Jekuthiel the father of Zanoah. And these are the sons of Bithiah the daughter of Pharaoh, which Mered took. M
<span class="ver">19</span>And the sons of his wife Hodiah the sister of Naham, the father of Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maachathite. <span class="ver">20</span>And the sons of Shimon were, Amnon, and Rinnah, Ben-hanan, and Tilon. And the sons of Ishi were, Zoheth, and Ben-zoheth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>The sons of Shelah the son of Judah were, Er the father of Lecah, and Laadah the father of Mareshah, and the families of the house of them that wrought fine linen, of the house of Ashbea, <spM
an class="ver">22</span>And Jokim, and the men of Chozeba, and Joash, and Saraph, who had the dominion in Moab, and Jashubi-lehem. And these are ancient things. <span class="ver">23</span>These were the potters, and those that dwelt among plants and hedges: there they dwelt with the king for his work. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>The sons of Simeon were, Nemuel, and Jamin, Jarib, Zerah, and Shaul: <span class="ver">25</span>Shallum his son, Mibsam his son, Mishma his son. <span class="ver">26</span>And the M
sons of Mishma; Hamuel his son, Zacchur his son, Shimei his son. <span class="ver">27</span>And Shimei had sixteen sons and six daughters; but his brethren had not many children, neither did all their family multiply, like to the children of Judah. <span class="ver">28</span>And they dwelt at Beer-sheba, and Moladah, and Hazar-shual, <span class="ver">29</span>And at Bilhah, and at Ezem, and at Tolad, <span class="ver">30</span>And at Bethuel, and at Hormah, and at Ziklag, <span class="ver">31</span>And at Beth-marM
caboth, and Hazar-susim, and at Beth-birei, and at Shaaraim. These were their cities unto the reign of David. <span class="ver">32</span>And their villages were, Etam, and Ain, Rimmon, and Tochen, and Ashan, five cities: <span class="ver">33</span>And all their villages that were round about the same cities, unto Baal. These were their habitations, and their genealogy. <span class="ver">34</span>And Meshobab, and Jamlech, and Joshah the son of Amaziah, <span class="ver">35</span>And Joel, and Jehu the son of JosibiM
ah, the son of Seraiah, the son of Asiel, <span class="ver">36</span>And Elioenai, and Jaakobah, and Jeshohaiah, and Asaiah, and Adiel, and Jesimiel, and Benaiah, <span class="ver">37</span>And Ziza the son of Shiphi, the son of Allon, the son of Jedaiah, the son of Shimri, the son of Shemaiah; <span class="ver">38</span>These mentioned by their names were princes in their families: and the house of their fathers increased greatly. </p>
<p><span class="ver">39</span>And they went to the entrance of Gedor, even unM
to the east side of the valley, to seek pasture for their flocks. <span class="ver">40</span>And they found fat pasture and good, and the land was wide, and quiet, and peaceable; for they of Ham had dwelt there of old. <span class="ver">41</span>And these written by name came in the days of Hezekiah king of Judah, and smote their tents, and the habitations that were found there, and destroyed them utterly unto this day, and dwelt in their rooms: because there was pasture there for their flocks. <span class="ver">42M
</span>And some of them, even of the sons of Simeon, five hundred men, went to mount Seir, having for their captains Pelatiah, and Neariah, and Rephaiah, and Uzziel, the sons of Ishi. <span class="ver">43</span>And they smote the rest of the Amalekites that were escaped, and dwelt there unto this day.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now the sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel, (for he was the firstborn; but, forasmuch as he defiled his father
s bed, his birthright was given unto tM
he sons of Joseph the son of Israel: and the genealogy is not to be reckoned after the birthright. <span class="ver">2</span>For Judah prevailed above his brethren, and of him came the chief ruler; but the birthright was Joseph
s:) <span class="ver">3</span>The sons, I say, of Reuben the firstborn of Israel were, Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi. <span class="ver">4</span>The sons of Joel; Shemaiah his son, Gog his son, Shimei his son, <span class="ver">5</span>Micah his son, Reaia his son, Baal his son, <spaM
n class="ver">6</span>Beerah his son, whom Tilgath-pilneser king of Assyria carried away captive: he was prince of the Reubenites. <span class="ver">7</span>And his brethren by their families, when the genealogy of their generations was reckoned, were the chief, Jeiel, and Zechariah, <span class="ver">8</span>And Bela the son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel, who dwelt in Aroer, even unto Nebo and Baal-meon: <span class="ver">9</span>And eastward he inhabited unto the entering in of the wilderness from thM
e river Euphrates: because their cattle were multiplied in the land of Gilead. <span class="ver">10</span>And in the days of Saul they made war with the Hagarites, who fell by their hand: and they dwelt in their tents throughout all the east land of Gilead. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And the children of Gad dwelt over against them, in the land of Bashan unto Salchah: <span class="ver">12</span>Joel the chief, and Shapham the next, and Jaanai, and Shaphat in Bashan. <span class="ver">13</span>And their breM
thren of the house of their fathers were, Michael, and Meshullam, and Sheba, and Jorai, and Jachan, and Zia, and Heber, seven. <span class="ver">14</span>These are the children of Abihail the son of Huri, the son of Jaroah, the son of Gilead, the son of Michael, the son of Jeshishai, the son of Jahdo, the son of Buz; <span class="ver">15</span>Ahi the son of Abdiel, the son of Guni, chief of the house of their fathers. <span class="ver">16</span>And they dwelt in Gilead in Bashan, and in her towns, and in all the sM
uburbs of Sharon, upon their borders. <span class="ver">17</span>All these were reckoned by genealogies in the days of Jotham king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam king of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>The sons of Reuben, and the Gadites, and half the tribe of Manasseh, of valiant men, men able to bear buckler and sword, and to shoot with bow, and skilful in war, were four and forty thousand seven hundred and threescore, that went out to the war. <span class="ver">19</span>And they made war withM
the Hagarites, with Jetur, and Nephish, and Nodab. <span class="ver">20</span>And they were helped against them, and the Hagarites were delivered into their hand, and all that were with them: for they cried to God in the battle, and he was intreated of them; because they put their trust in him. <span class="ver">21</span>And they took away their cattle; of their camels fifty thousand, and of sheep two hundred and fifty thousand, and of asses two thousand, and of men an hundred thousand. <span class="ver">22</span>M
For there fell down many slain, because the war was of God. And they dwelt in their steads until the captivity. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And the children of the half tribe of Manasseh dwelt in the land: they increased from Bashan unto Baal-hermon and Senir, and unto mount Hermon. <span class="ver">24</span>And these were the heads of the house of their fathers, even Epher, and Ishi, and Eliel, and Azriel, and Jeremiah, and Hodaviah, and Jahdiel, mighty men of valour, famous men, and heads of the house oM
f their fathers. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And they transgressed against the God of their fathers, and went a whoring after the gods of the people of the land, whom God destroyed before them. <span class="ver">26</span>And the God of Israel stirred up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria, and the spirit of Tilgath-pilneser king of Assyria, and he carried them away, even the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh, and brought them unto Halah, and Habor, and Hara, and to the river Gozan, M
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The sons of Levi; Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. <span class="ver">2</span>And the sons of Kohath; Amram, Izhar, and Hebron, and Uzziel. <span class="ver">3</span>And the children of Amram; Aaron, and Moses, and Miriam. The sons also of Aaron; Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Eleazar begat Phinehas, Phinehas begat Abishua, <span class="ver">5</span>And Abishua begat Bukki, and Bukki begat Uzzi, <spaM
n class="ver">6</span>And Uzzi begat Zerahiah, and Zerahiah begat Meraioth, <span class="ver">7</span>Meraioth begat Amariah, and Amariah begat Ahitub, <span class="ver">8</span>And Ahitub begat Zadok, and Zadok begat Ahimaaz, <span class="ver">9</span>And Ahimaaz begat Azariah, and Azariah begat Johanan, <span class="ver">10</span>And Johanan begat Azariah, (he it is that executed the priest
s office in the temple that Solomon built in Jerusalem:) <span class="ver">11</span>And Azariah begat Amariah, and AmariahM
begat Ahitub, <span class="ver">12</span>And Ahitub begat Zadok, and Zadok begat Shallum, <span class="ver">13</span>And Shallum begat Hilkiah, and Hilkiah begat Azariah, <span class="ver">14</span>And Azariah begat Seraiah, and Seraiah begat Jehozadak, <span class="ver">15</span>And Jehozadak went into captivity, when the LORD carried away Judah and Jerusalem by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>The sons of Levi; Gershom, Kohath, and Merari. <span class="ver">17</span>And these be tM
he names of the sons of Gershom; Libni, and Shimei. <span class="ver">18</span>And the sons of Kohath were, Amram, and Izhar, and Hebron, and Uzziel. <span class="ver">19</span>The sons of Merari; Mahli, and Mushi. And these are the families of the Levites according to their fathers. <span class="ver">20</span>Of Gershom; Libni his son, Jahath his son, Zimmah his son, <span class="ver">21</span>Joah his son, Iddo his son, Zerah his son, Jeaterai his son. <span class="ver">22</span>The sons of Kohath; Amminadab his M
son, Korah his son, Assir his son, <span class="ver">23</span>Elkanah his son, and Ebiasaph his son, and Assir his son, <span class="ver">24</span>Tahath his son, Uriel his son, Uzziah his son, and Shaul his son. <span class="ver">25</span>And the sons of Elkanah; Amasai, and Ahimoth. <span class="ver">26</span>As for Elkanah: the sons of Elkanah; Zophai his son, and Nahath his son, <span class="ver">27</span>Eliab his son, Jeroham his son, Elkanah his son. <span class="ver">28</span>And the sons of Samuel; the firM
stborn Vashni, and Abiah. <span class="ver">29</span>The sons of Merari; Mahli, Libni his son, Shimei his son, Uzza his son, <span class="ver">30</span>Shimea his son, Haggiah his son, Asaiah his son. <span class="ver">31</span>And these are they whom David set over the service of song in the house of the LORD, after that the ark had rest. <span class="ver">32</span>And they ministered before the dwelling place of the tabernacle of the congregation with singing, until Solomon had built the house of the LORD in JeruM
salem: and then they waited on their office according to their order. <span class="ver">33</span>And these are they that waited with their children. Of the sons of the Kohathites: Heman a singer, the son of Joel, the son of Shemuel, <span class="ver">34</span>The son of Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Eliel, the son of Toah, <span class="ver">35</span>The son of Zuph, the son of Elkanah, the son of Mahath, the son of Amasai, <span class="ver">36</span>The son of Elkanah, the son of Joel, the son of Azariah,M
the son of Zephaniah, <span class="ver">37</span>The son of Tahath, the son of Assir, the son of Ebiasaph, the son of Korah, <span class="ver">38</span>The son of Izhar, the son of Kohath, the son of Levi, the son of Israel. <span class="ver">39</span>And his brother Asaph, who stood on his right hand, even Asaph the son of Berachiah, the son of Shimea, <span class="ver">40</span>The son of Michael, the son of Baaseiah, the son of Malchiah, <span class="ver">41</span>The son of Ethni, the son of Zerah, the son of M
Adaiah, <span class="ver">42</span>The son of Ethan, the son of Zimmah, the son of Shimei, <span class="ver">43</span>The son of Jahath, the son of Gershom, the son of Levi. <span class="ver">44</span>And their brethren the sons of Merari stood on the left hand: Ethan the son of Kishi, the son of Abdi, the son of Malluch, <span class="ver">45</span>The son of Hashabiah, the son of Amaziah, the son of Hilkiah, <span class="ver">46</span>The son of Amzi, the son of Bani, the son of Shamer, <span class="ver">47</span>M
The son of Mahli, the son of Mushi, the son of Merari, the son of Levi. <span class="ver">48</span>Their brethren also the Levites were appointed unto all manner of service of the tabernacle of the house of God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">49</span>But Aaron and his sons offered upon the altar of the burnt offering, and on the altar of incense, and were appointed for all the work of the place most holy, and to make an atonement for Israel, according to all that Moses the servant of God had commanded. <span class="vM
er">50</span>And these are the sons of Aaron; Eleazar his son, Phinehas his son, Abishua his son, <span class="ver">51</span>Bukki his son, Uzzi his son, Zerahiah his son, <span class="ver">52</span>Meraioth his son, Amariah his son, Ahitub his son, <span class="ver">53</span>Zadok his son, Ahimaaz his son. </p>
<p><span class="ver">54</span>Now these are their dwelling places throughout their castles in their coasts, of the sons of Aaron, of the families of the Kohathites: for theirs was the lot. <span class="veM
r">55</span>And they gave them Hebron in the land of Judah, and the suburbs thereof round about it. <span class="ver">56</span>But the fields of the city, and the villages thereof, they gave to Caleb the son of Jephunneh. <span class="ver">57</span>And to the sons of Aaron they gave the cities of Judah, namely, Hebron, the city of refuge, and Libnah with her suburbs, and Jattir, and Eshtemoa, with their suburbs, <span class="ver">58</span>And Hilen with her suburbs, Debir with her suburbs, <span class="ver">59</spaM
n>And Ashan with her suburbs, and Beth-shemesh with her suburbs: <span class="ver">60</span>And out of the tribe of Benjamin; Geba with her suburbs, and Alemeth with her suburbs, and Anathoth with her suburbs. All their cities throughout their families were thirteen cities. <span class="ver">61</span>And unto the sons of Kohath, which were left of the family of that tribe, were cities given out of the half tribe, namely, out of the half tribe of Manasseh, by lot, ten cities. <span class="ver">62</span>And to the soM
ns of Gershom throughout their families out of the tribe of Issachar, and out of the tribe of Asher, and out of the tribe of Naphtali, and out of the tribe of Manasseh in Bashan, thirteen cities. <span class="ver">63</span>Unto the sons of Merari were given by lot, throughout their families, out of the tribe of Reuben, and out of the tribe of Gad, and out of the tribe of Zebulun, twelve cities. <span class="ver">64</span>And the children of Israel gave to the Levites these cities with their suburbs. <span class="veM
r">65</span>And they gave by lot out of the tribe of the children of Judah, and out of the tribe of the children of Simeon, and out of the tribe of the children of Benjamin, these cities, which are called by their names. <span class="ver">66</span>And the residue of the families of the sons of Kohath had cities of their coasts out of the tribe of Ephraim. <span class="ver">67</span>And they gave unto them, of the cities of refuge, Shechem in mount Ephraim with her suburbs; they gave also Gezer with her suburbs, <spM
an class="ver">68</span>And Jokmeam with her suburbs, and Beth-horon with her suburbs, <span class="ver">69</span>And Aijalon with her suburbs, and Gath-rimmon with her suburbs: <span class="ver">70</span>And out of the half tribe of Manasseh; Aner with her suburbs, and Bileam with her suburbs, for the family of the remnant of the sons of Kohath. <span class="ver">71</span>Unto the sons of Gershom were given out of the family of the half tribe of Manasseh, Golan in Bashan with her suburbs, and Ashtaroth with her suM
burbs: <span class="ver">72</span>And out of the tribe of Issachar; Kedesh with her suburbs, Daberath with her suburbs, <span class="ver">73</span>And Ramoth with her suburbs, and Anem with her suburbs: <span class="ver">74</span>And out of the tribe of Asher; Mashal with her suburbs, and Abdon with her suburbs, <span class="ver">75</span>And Hukok with her suburbs, and Rehob with her suburbs: <span class="ver">76</span>And out of the tribe of Naphtali; Kedesh in Galilee with her suburbs, and Hammon with her suburbM
s, and Kirjathaim with her suburbs. <span class="ver">77</span>Unto the rest of the children of Merari were given out of the tribe of Zebulun, Rimmon with her suburbs, Tabor with her suburbs: <span class="ver">78</span>And on the other side Jordan by Jericho, on the east side of Jordan, were given them out of the tribe of Reuben, Bezer in the wilderness with her suburbs, and Jahzah with her suburbs, <span class="ver">79</span>Kedemoth also with her suburbs, and Mephaath with her suburbs: <span class="ver">80</span>M
And out of the tribe of Gad; Ramoth in Gilead with her suburbs, and Mahanaim with her suburbs, <span class="ver">81</span>And Heshbon with her suburbs, and Jazer with her suburbs.
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now the sons of Issachar were, Tola, and Puah, Jashub, and Shimron, four. <span class="ver">2</span>And the sons of Tola; Uzzi, and Rephaiah, and Jeriel, and Jahmai, and Jibsam, and Shemuel, heads of their father
s house, to wit, of Tola: they were valiant men of might in theM
ir generations; whose number was in the days of David two and twenty thousand and six hundred. <span class="ver">3</span>And the sons of Uzzi; Izrahiah: and the sons of Izrahiah; Michael, and Obadiah, and Joel, Ishiah, five: all of them chief men. <span class="ver">4</span>And with them, by their generations, after the house of their fathers, were bands of soldiers for war, six and thirty thousand men: for they had many wives and sons. <span class="ver">5</span>And their brethren among all the families of Issachar M
were valiant men of might, reckoned in all by their genealogies fourscore and seven thousand. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>The sons of Benjamin; Bela, and Becher, and Jediael, three. <span class="ver">7</span>And the sons of Bela; Ezbon, and Uzzi, and Uzziel, and Jerimoth, and Iri, five; heads of the house of their fathers, mighty men of valour; and were reckoned by their genealogies twenty and two thousand and thirty and four. <span class="ver">8</span>And the sons of Becher; Zemira, and Joash, and Eliezer,M
and Elioenai, and Omri, and Jerimoth, and Abiah, and Anathoth, and Alameth. All these are the sons of Becher. <span class="ver">9</span>And the number of them, after their genealogy by their generations, heads of the house of their fathers, mighty men of valour, was twenty thousand and two hundred. <span class="ver">10</span>The sons also of Jediael; Bilhan: and the sons of Bilhan; Jeush, and Benjamin, and Ehud, and Chenaanah, and Zethan, and Tharshish, and Ahishahar. <span class="ver">11</span>All these the sons M
of Jediael, by the heads of their fathers, mighty men of valour, were seventeen thousand and two hundred soldiers, fit to go out for war and battle. <span class="ver">12</span>Shuppim also, and Huppim, the children of Ir, and Hushim, the sons of Aher. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>The sons of Naphtali; Jahziel, and Guni, and Jezer, and Shallum, the sons of Bilhah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>The sons of Manasseh; Ashriel, whom she bare: (but his concubine the Aramitess bare Machir the father of GileM
ad: <span class="ver">15</span>And Machir took to wife the sister of Huppim and Shuppim, whose sister
s name was Maachah;) and the name of the second was Zelophehad: and Zelophehad had daughters. <span class="ver">16</span>And Maachah the wife of Machir bare a son, and she called his name Peresh; and the name of his brother was Sheresh; and his sons were Ulam and Rakem. <span class="ver">17</span>And the sons of Ulam; Bedan. These were the sons of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh. <span class="ver">M
18</span>And his sister Hammoleketh bare Ishod, and Abiezer, and Mahalah. <span class="ver">19</span>And the sons of Shemida were, Ahian, and Shechem, and Likhi, and Aniam. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And the sons of Ephraim; Shuthelah, and Bered his son, and Tahath his son, and Eladah his son, and Tahath his son, </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And Zabad his son, and Shuthelah his son, and Ezer, and Elead, whom the men of Gath that were born in that land slew, because they came down to take away theiM
r cattle. <span class="ver">22</span>And Ephraim their father mourned many days, and his brethren came to comfort him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And when he went in to his wife, she conceived, and bare a son, and he called his name Beriah, because it went evil with his house. <span class="ver">24</span>(And his daughter was Sherah, who built Beth-horon the nether, and the upper, and Uzzen-sherah.) <span class="ver">25</span>And Rephah was his son, also Resheph, and Telah his son, and Tahan his son, <spanM
class="ver">26</span>Laadan his son, Ammihud his son, Elishama his son, <span class="ver">27</span>Non his son, Jehoshua his son. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>And their possessions and habitations were, Beth-el and the towns thereof, and eastward Naaran, and westward Gezer, with the towns thereof; Shechem also and the towns thereof, unto Gaza and the towns thereof: <span class="ver">29</span>And by the borders of the children of Manasseh, Beth-shean and her towns, Taanach and her towns, Megiddo and her towM
ns, Dor and her towns. In these dwelt the children of Joseph the son of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>The sons of Asher; Imnah, and Isuah, and Ishuai, and Beriah, and Serah their sister. <span class="ver">31</span>And the sons of Beriah; Heber, and Malchiel, who is the father of Birzavith. <span class="ver">32</span>And Heber begat Japhlet, and Shomer, and Hotham, and Shua their sister. <span class="ver">33</span>And the sons of Japhlet; Pasach, and Bimhal, and Ashvath. These are the children of JaphM
let. <span class="ver">34</span>And the sons of Shamer; Ahi, and Rohgah, Jehubbah, and Aram. <span class="ver">35</span>And the sons of his brother Helem; Zophah, and Imna, and Shelesh, and Amal. <span class="ver">36</span>The sons of Zophah; Suah, and Harnepher, and Shual, and Beri, and Imrah, <span class="ver">37</span>Bezer, and Hod, and Shamma, and Shilshah, and Ithran, and Beera. <span class="ver">38</span>And the sons of Jether; Jephunneh, and Pispah, and Ara. <span class="ver">39</span>And the sons of Ulla; M
Arah, and Haniel, and Rezia. <span class="ver">40</span>All these were the children of Asher, heads of their father
s house, choice and mighty men of valour, chief of the princes. And the number throughout the genealogy of them that were apt to the war and to battle was twenty and six thousand men.
<h2 id="c8">Chapter 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now Benjamin begat Bela his firstborn, Ashbel the second, and Aharah the third, <span class="ver">2</span>Nohah the fourth, and Rapha the fifth. <span classM
="ver">3</span>And the sons of Bela were, Addar, and Gera, and Abihud, <span class="ver">4</span>And Abishua, and Naaman, and Ahoah, <span class="ver">5</span>And Gera, and Shephuphan, and Huram. <span class="ver">6</span>And these are the sons of Ehud: these are the heads of the fathers of the inhabitants of Geba, and they removed them to Manahath: <span class="ver">7</span>And Naaman, and Ahiah, and Gera, he removed them, and begat Uzza, and Ahihud. <span class="ver">8</span>And Shaharaim begat children in the coM
untry of Moab, after he had sent them away; Hushim and Baara were his wives. <span class="ver">9</span>And he begat of Hodesh his wife, Jobab, and Zibia, and Mesha, and Malcham, <span class="ver">10</span>And Jeuz, and Shachia, and Mirma. These were his sons, heads of the fathers. <span class="ver">11</span>And of Hushim he begat Abitub, and Elpaal. <span class="ver">12</span>The sons of Elpaal; Eber, and Misham, and Shamed, who built Ono, and Lod, with the towns thereof: <span class="ver">13</span>Beriah also, andM
Shema, who were heads of the fathers of the inhabitants of Aijalon, who drove away the inhabitants of Gath: <span class="ver">14</span>And Ahio, Shashak, and Jeremoth, <span class="ver">15</span>And Zebadiah, and Arad, and Ader, <span class="ver">16</span>And Michael, and Ispah, and Joha, the sons of Beriah; <span class="ver">17</span>And Zebadiah, and Meshullam, and Hezeki, and Heber, <span class="ver">18</span>Ishmerai also, and Jezliah, and Jobab, the sons of Elpaal; <span class="ver">19</span>And Jakim, and ZiM
chri, and Zabdi, <span class="ver">20</span>And Elienai, and Zilthai, and Eliel, <span class="ver">21</span>And Adaiah, and Beraiah, and Shimrath, the sons of Shimhi; <span class="ver">22</span>And Ishpan, and Heber, and Eliel, <span class="ver">23</span>And Abdon, and Zichri, and Hanan, <span class="ver">24</span>And Hananiah, and Elam, and Antothijah, <span class="ver">25</span>And Iphedeiah, and Penuel, the sons of Shashak; <span class="ver">26</span>And Shamsherai, and Shehariah, and Athaliah, <span class="ver"M
>27</span>And Jaresiah, and Eliah, and Zichri, the sons of Jeroham. <span class="ver">28</span>These were heads of the fathers, by their generations, chief men. These dwelt in Jerusalem. <span class="ver">29</span>And at Gibeon dwelt the father of Gibeon; whose wife
s name was Maachah: <span class="ver">30</span>And his firstborn son Abdon, and Zur, and Kish, and Baal, and Nadab, <span class="ver">31</span>And Gedor, and Ahio, and Zacher. <span class="ver">32</span>And Mikloth begat Shimeah. And these also dwelt M
with their brethren in Jerusalem, over against them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>And Ner begat Kish, and Kish begat Saul, and Saul begat Jonathan, and Malchi-shua, and Abinadab, and Esh-baal. <span class="ver">34</span>And the son of Jonathan was Merib-baal; and Merib-baal begat Micah. <span class="ver">35</span>And the sons of Micah were, Pithon, and Melech, and Tarea, and Ahaz. <span class="ver">36</span>And Ahaz begat Jehoadah; and Jehoadah begat Alemeth, and Azmaveth, and Zimri; and Zimri begat Moza, <M
span class="ver">37</span>And Moza begat Binea: Rapha was his son, Eleasah his son, Azel his son: <span class="ver">38</span>And Azel had six sons, whose names are these, Azrikam, Bocheru, and Ishmael, and Sheariah, and Obadiah, and Hanan. All these were the sons of Azel. <span class="ver">39</span>And the sons of Eshek his brother were, Ulam his firstborn, Jehush the second, and Eliphelet the third. <span class="ver">40</span>And the sons of Ulam were mighty men of valour, archers, and had many sons, and sons
ons, an hundred and fifty. All these are of the sons of Benjamin.
<h2 id="c9">Chapter 9</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>So all Israel were reckoned by genealogies; and, behold, they were written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah, who were carried away to Babylon for their transgression. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>Now the first inhabitants that dwelt in their possessions in their cities were, the Israelites, the priests, Levites, and the Nethinims. <span class="ver">3</span>And in JerusalM
em dwelt of the children of Judah, and of the children of Benjamin, and of the children of Ephraim, and Manasseh; <span class="ver">4</span>Uthai the son of Ammihud, the son of Omri, the son of Imri, the son of Bani, of the children of Pharez the son of Judah. <span class="ver">5</span>And of the Shilonites; Asaiah the firstborn, and his sons. <span class="ver">6</span>And of the sons of Zerah; Jeuel, and their brethren, six hundred and ninety. <span class="ver">7</span>And of the sons of Benjamin; Sallu the son ofM
Meshullam, the son of Hodaviah, the son of Hasenuah, <span class="ver">8</span>And Ibneiah the son of Jeroham, and Elah the son of Uzzi, the son of Michri, and Meshullam the son of Shephathiah, the son of Reuel, the son of Ibnijah; <span class="ver">9</span>And their brethren, according to their generations, nine hundred and fifty and six. All these men were chief of the fathers in the house of their fathers. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And of the priests; Jedaiah, and Jehoiarib, and Jachin, <span class="M
ver">11</span>And Azariah the son of Hilkiah, the son of Meshullam, the son of Zadok, the son of Meraioth, the son of Ahitub, the ruler of the house of God; <span class="ver">12</span>And Adaiah the son of Jeroham, the son of Pashur, the son of Malchijah, and Maasiai the son of Adiel, the son of Jahzerah, the son of Meshullam, the son of Meshillemith, the son of Immer; <span class="ver">13</span>And their brethren, heads of the house of their fathers, a thousand and seven hundred and threescore; very able men for tM
he work of the service of the house of God. <span class="ver">14</span>And of the Levites; Shemaiah the son of Hasshub, the son of Azrikam, the son of Hashabiah, of the sons of Merari; <span class="ver">15</span>And Bakbakkar, Heresh, and Galal, and Mattaniah the son of Micah, the son of Zichri, the son of Asaph; <span class="ver">16</span>And Obadiah the son of Shemaiah, the son of Galal, the son of Jeduthun, and Berechiah the son of Asa, the son of Elkanah, that dwelt in the villages of the Netophathites. <span cM
lass="ver">17</span>And the porters were, Shallum, and Akkub, and Talmon, and Ahiman, and their brethren: Shallum was the chief; <span class="ver">18</span>Who hitherto waited in the king
s gate eastward: they were porters in the companies of the children of Levi. <span class="ver">19</span>And Shallum the son of Kore, the son of Ebiasaph, the son of Korah, and his brethren, of the house of his father, the Korahites, were over the work of the service, keepers of the gates of the tabernacle: and their fathers, beiM
ng over the host of the LORD, were keepers of the entry. <span class="ver">20</span>And Phinehas the son of Eleazar was the ruler over them in time past, and the LORD was with him. <span class="ver">21</span>And Zechariah the son of Meshelemiah was porter of the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. <span class="ver">22</span>All these which were chosen to be porters in the gates were two hundred and twelve. These were reckoned by their genealogy in their villages, whom David and Samuel the seer did ordain inM
their set office. <span class="ver">23</span>So they and their children had the oversight of the gates of the house of the LORD, namely, the house of the tabernacle, by wards. <span class="ver">24</span>In four quarters were the porters, toward the east, west, north, and south. <span class="ver">25</span>And their brethren, which were in their villages, were to come after seven days from time to time with them. <span class="ver">26</span>For these Levites, the four chief porters, were in their set office, and wereM
over the chambers and treasuries of the house of God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>And they lodged round about the house of God, because the charge was upon them, and the opening thereof every morning pertained to them. <span class="ver">28</span>And certain of them had the charge of the ministering vessels, that they should bring them in and out by tale. <span class="ver">29</span>Some of them also were appointed to oversee the vessels, and all the instruments of the sanctuary, and the fine flour, and theM
wine, and the oil, and the frankincense, and the spices. <span class="ver">30</span>And some of the sons of the priests made the ointment of the spices. <span class="ver">31</span>And Mattithiah, one of the Levites, who was the firstborn of Shallum the Korahite, had the set office over the things that were made in the pans. <span class="ver">32</span>And other of their brethren, of the sons of the Kohathites, were over the shewbread, to prepare it every sabbath. <span class="ver">33</span>And these are the singersM
, chief of the fathers of the Levites, who remaining in the chambers were free: for they were employed in that work day and night. <span class="ver">34</span>These chief fathers of the Levites were chief throughout their generations; these dwelt at Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">35</span>And in Gibeon dwelt the father of Gibeon, Jehiel, whose wife
s name was Maachah: <span class="ver">36</span>And his firstborn son Abdon, then Zur, and Kish, and Baal, and Ner, and Nadab, <span class="ver">37</span>And GedM
or, and Ahio, and Zechariah, and Mikloth. <span class="ver">38</span>And Mikloth begat Shimeam. And they also dwelt with their brethren at Jerusalem, over against their brethren. <span class="ver">39</span>And Ner begat Kish; and Kish begat Saul; and Saul begat Jonathan, and Malchi-shua, and Abinadab, and Esh-baal. <span class="ver">40</span>And the son of Jonathan was Merib-baal: and Merib-baal begat Micah. <span class="ver">41</span>And the sons of Micah were, Pithon, and Melech, and Tahrea, and Ahaz. <span classM
="ver">42</span>And Ahaz begat Jarah; and Jarah begat Alemeth, and Azmaveth, and Zimri; and Zimri begat Moza; <span class="ver">43</span>And Moza begat Binea; and Rephaiah his son, Eleasah his son, Azel his son. <span class="ver">44</span>And Azel had six sons, whose names are these, Azrikam, Bocheru, and Ishmael, and Sheariah, and Obadiah, and Hanan: these were the sons of Azel.
<h2 id="c10">Chapter 10</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now the Philistines fought against Israel; and the men of Israel fled froM
m before the Philistines, and fell down slain in mount Gilboa. <span class="ver">2</span>And the Philistines followed hard after Saul, and after his sons; and the Philistines slew Jonathan, and Abinadab, and Malchi-shua, the sons of Saul. <span class="ver">3</span>And the battle went sore against Saul, and the archers hit him, and he was wounded of the archers. <span class="ver">4</span>Then said Saul to his armourbearer, Draw thy sword, and thrust me through therewith; lest these uncircumcised come and abuse me. BM
ut his armourbearer would not; for he was sore afraid. So Saul took a sword, and fell upon it. <span class="ver">5</span>And when his armourbearer saw that Saul was dead, he fell likewise on the sword, and died. <span class="ver">6</span>So Saul died, and his three sons, and all his house died together. <span class="ver">7</span>And when all the men of Israel that were in the valley saw that they fled, and that Saul and his sons were dead, then they forsook their cities, and fled: and the Philistines came and dweltM
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And it came to pass on the morrow, when the Philistines came to strip the slain, that they found Saul and his sons fallen in mount Gilboa. <span class="ver">9</span>And when they had stripped him, they took his head, and his armour, and sent into the land of the Philistines round about, to carry tidings unto their idols, and to the people. <span class="ver">10</span>And they put his armour in the house of their gods, and fastened his head in the temple of Dagon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And when all Jabesh-gilead heard all that the Philistines had done to Saul, <span class="ver">12</span>They arose, all the valiant men, and took away the body of Saul, and the bodies of his sons, and brought them to Jabesh, and buried their bones under the oak in Jabesh, and fasted seven days. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>So Saul died for his transgression which he committed against the LORD, even against the word of the LORD, which he kept not, and also for asking counsel of oM
ne that had a familiar spirit, to enquire of it; <span class="ver">14</span>And enquired not of the LORD: therefore he slew him, and turned the kingdom unto David the son of Jesse.
<h2 id="c11">Chapter 11</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then all Israel gathered themselves to David unto Hebron, saying, Behold, we are thy bone and thy flesh. <span class="ver">2</span>And moreover in time past, even when Saul was king, thou wast he that leddest out and broughtest in Israel: and the LORD thy God said unto thee,M
Thou shalt feed my people Israel, and thou shalt be ruler over my people Israel. <span class="ver">3</span>Therefore came all the elders of Israel to the king to Hebron; and David made a covenant with them in Hebron before the LORD; and they anointed David king over Israel, according to the word of the LORD by Samuel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And David and all Israel went to Jerusalem, which is Jebus; where the Jebusites were, the inhabitants of the land. <span class="ver">5</span>And the inhabitants ofM
Jebus said to David, Thou shalt not come hither. Nevertheless David took the castle of Zion, which is the city of David. <span class="ver">6</span>And David said, Whosoever smiteth the Jebusites first shall be chief and captain. So Joab the son of Zeruiah went first up, and was chief. <span class="ver">7</span>And David dwelt in the castle; therefore they called it the city of David. <span class="ver">8</span>And he built the city round about, even from Millo round about: and Joab repaired the rest of the city. <sM
pan class="ver">9</span>So David waxed greater and greater: for the LORD of hosts was with him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>These also are the chief of the mighty men whom David had, who strengthened themselves with him in his kingdom, and with all Israel, to make him king, according to the word of the LORD concerning Israel. <span class="ver">11</span>And this is the number of the mighty men whom David had; Jashobeam, an Hachmonite, the chief of the captains: he lifted up his spear against three hundred sM
lain by him at one time. <span class="ver">12</span>And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo, the Ahohite, who was one of the three mighties. <span class="ver">13</span>He was with David at Pas-dammim, and there the Philistines were gathered together to battle, where was a parcel of ground full of barley; and the people fled from before the Philistines. <span class="ver">14</span>And they set themselves in the midst of that parcel, and delivered it, and slew the Philistines; and the LORD saved them by a great deliM
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Now three of the thirty captains went down to the rock to David, into the cave of Adullam; and the host of the Philistines encamped in the valley of Rephaim. <span class="ver">16</span>And David was then in the hold, and the Philistines
garrison was then at Beth-lehem. <span class="ver">17</span>And David longed, and said, Oh that one would give me drink of the water of the well of Beth-lehem, that is at the gate! <span class="ver">18</span>And the three brake througM
h the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Beth-lehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David: but David would not drink of it, but poured it out to the LORD, <span class="ver">19</span>And said, My God forbid it me, that I should do this thing: shall I drink the blood of these men that have put their lives in jeopardy? for with the jeopardy of their lives they brought it. Therefore he would not drink it. These things did these three mightiest. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2M
0</span>And Abishai the brother of Joab, he was chief of the three: for lifting up his spear against three hundred, he slew them, and had a name among the three. <span class="ver">21</span>Of the three, he was more honourable than the two; for he was their captain: howbeit he attained not to the first three. <span class="ver">22</span>Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man of Kabzeel, who had done many acts; he slew two lionlike men of Moab: also he went down and slew a lion in a pit in a snowy day. M
<span class="ver">23</span>And he slew an Egyptian, a man of great stature, five cubits high; and in the Egyptian
s hand was a spear like a weaver
s beam; and he went down to him with a staff, and plucked the spear out of the Egyptian
s hand, and slew him with his own spear. <span class="ver">24</span>These things did Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and had the name among the three mighties. <span class="ver">25</span>Behold, he was honourable among the thirty, but attained not to the first three: and David set M
him over his guard. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>Also the valiant men of the armies were, Asahel the brother of Joab, Elhanan the son of Dodo of Beth-lehem, <span class="ver">27</span>Shammoth the Harorite, Helez the Pelonite, <span class="ver">28</span>Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, Abi-ezer the Antothite, <span class="ver">29</span>Sibbecai the Hushathite, Ilai the Ahohite, <span class="ver">30</span>Maharai the Netophathite, Heled the son of Baanah the Netophathite, <span class="ver">31</span>Ithai tM
he son of Ribai of Gibeah, that pertained to the children of Benjamin, Benaiah the Pirathonite, <span class="ver">32</span>Hurai of the brooks of Gaash, Abiel the Arbathite, <span class="ver">33</span>Azmaveth the Baharumite, Eliahba the Shaalbonite, <span class="ver">34</span>The sons of Hashem the Gizonite, Jonathan the son of Shage the Hararite, <span class="ver">35</span>Ahiam the son of Sacar the Hararite, Eliphal the son of Ur, <span class="ver">36</span>Hepher the Mecherathite, Ahijah the Pelonite, <span claM
ss="ver">37</span>Hezro the Carmelite, Naarai the son of Ezbai, <span class="ver">38</span>Joel the brother of Nathan, Mibhar the son of Haggeri, <span class="ver">39</span>Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Berothite, the armourbearer of Joab the son of Zeruiah, <span class="ver">40</span>Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite, <span class="ver">41</span>Uriah the Hittite, Zabad the son of Ahlai, <span class="ver">42</span>Adina the son of Shiza the Reubenite, a captain of the Reubenites, and thirty with him, <span classM
="ver">43</span>Hanan the son of Maachah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite, <span class="ver">44</span>Uzzia the Ashterathite, Shama and Jehiel the sons of Hothan the Aroerite, <span class="ver">45</span>Jediael the son of Shimri, and Joha his brother, the Tizite, <span class="ver">46</span>Eliel the Mahavite, and Jeribai, and Joshaviah, the sons of Elnaam, and Ithmah the Moabite, <span class="ver">47</span>Eliel, and Obed, and Jasiel the Mesobaite.
<h2 id="c12">Chapter 12</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now thesM
e are they that came to David to Ziklag, while he yet kept himself close because of Saul the son of Kish: and they were among the mighty men, helpers of the war. <span class="ver">2</span>They were armed with bows, and could use both the right hand and the left in hurling stones and shooting arrows out of a bow, even of Saul
s brethren of Benjamin. <span class="ver">3</span>The chief was Ahiezer, then Joash, the sons of Shemaah the Gibeathite; and Jeziel, and Pelet, the sons of Azmaveth; and Berachah, and Jehu thM
e Antothite, <span class="ver">4</span>And Ismaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty man among the thirty, and over the thirty; and Jeremiah, and Jahaziel, and Johanan, and Josabad the Gederathite, <span class="ver">5</span>Eluzai, and Jerimoth, and Bealiah, and Shemariah, and Shephatiah the Haruphite, <span class="ver">6</span>Elkanah, and Jesiah, and Azareel, and Joezer, and Jashobeam, the Korhites, <span class="ver">7</span>And Joelah, and Zebadiah, the sons of Jeroham of Gedor. <span class="ver">8</span>And of the GaditeM
s there separated themselves unto David into the hold to the wilderness men of might, and men of war fit for the battle, that could handle shield and buckler, whose faces were like the faces of lions, and were as swift as the roes upon the mountains; <span class="ver">9</span>Ezer the first, Obadiah the second, Eliab the third, <span class="ver">10</span>Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth, <span class="ver">11</span>Attai the sixth, Eliel the seventh, <span class="ver">12</span>Johanan the eighth, Elzabad thM
e ninth, <span class="ver">13</span>Jeremiah the tenth, Machbanai the eleventh. <span class="ver">14</span>These were of the sons of Gad, captains of the host: one of the least was over an hundred, and the greatest over a thousand. <span class="ver">15</span>These are they that went over Jordan in the first month, when it had overflown all his banks; and they put to flight all them of the valleys, both toward the east, and toward the west. <span class="ver">16</span>And there came of the children of Benjamin and JuM
dah to the hold unto David. <span class="ver">17</span>And David went out to meet them, and answered and said unto them, If ye be come peaceably unto me to help me, mine heart shall be knit unto you: but if ye be come to betray me to mine enemies, seeing there is no wrong in mine hands, the God of our fathers look thereon, and rebuke it. <span class="ver">18</span>Then the spirit came upon Amasai, who was chief of the captains, and he said, Thine are we, David, and on thy side, thou son of Jesse: peace, peace be unM
to thee, and peace be to thine helpers; for thy God helpeth thee. Then David received them, and made them captains of the band. <span class="ver">19</span>And there fell some of Manasseh to David, when he came with the Philistines against Saul to battle: but they helped them not: for the lords of the Philistines upon advisement sent him away, saying, He will fall to his master Saul to the jeopardy of our heads. <span class="ver">20</span>As he went to Ziklag, there fell to him of Manasseh, Adnah, and Jozabad, and JM
ediael, and Michael, and Jozabad, and Elihu, and Zilthai, captains of the thousands that were of Manasseh. <span class="ver">21</span>And they helped David against the band of the rovers: for they were all mighty men of valour, and were captains in the host. <span class="ver">22</span>For at that time day by day there came to David to help him, until it was a great host, like the host of God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And these are the numbers of the bands that were ready armed to the war, and came to DaM
vid to Hebron, to turn the kingdom of Saul to him, according to the word of the LORD. <span class="ver">24</span>The children of Judah that bare shield and spear were six thousand and eight hundred, ready armed to the war. <span class="ver">25</span>Of the children of Simeon, mighty men of valour for the war, seven thousand and one hundred. <span class="ver">26</span>Of the children of Levi four thousand and six hundred. <span class="ver">27</span>And Jehoiada was the leader of the Aaronites, and with him were threM
e thousand and seven hundred; <span class="ver">28</span>And Zadok, a young man mighty of valour, and of his father
s house twenty and two captains. <span class="ver">29</span>And of the children of Benjamin, the kindred of Saul, three thousand: for hitherto the greatest part of them had kept the ward of the house of Saul. <span class="ver">30</span>And of the children of Ephraim twenty thousand and eight hundred, mighty men of valour, famous throughout the house of their fathers. <span class="ver">31</span>And oM
f the half tribe of Manasseh eighteen thousand, which were expressed by name, to come and make David king. <span class="ver">32</span>And of the children of Issachar, which were men that had understanding of the times, to know what Israel ought to do; the heads of them were two hundred; and all their brethren were at their commandment. <span class="ver">33</span>Of Zebulun, such as went forth to battle, expert in war, with all instruments of war, fifty thousand, which could keep rank: they were not of double heart.M
<span class="ver">34</span>And of Naphtali a thousand captains, and with them with shield and spear thirty and seven thousand. <span class="ver">35</span>And of the Danites expert in war twenty and eight thousand and six hundred. <span class="ver">36</span>And of Asher, such as went forth to battle, expert in war, forty thousand. <span class="ver">37</span>And on the other side of Jordan, of the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and of the half tribe of Manasseh, with all manner of instruments of war for the battle, anM
hundred and twenty thousand. <span class="ver">38</span>All these men of war, that could keep rank, came with a perfect heart to Hebron, to make David king over all Israel: and all the rest also of Israel were of one heart to make David king. <span class="ver">39</span>And there they were with David three days, eating and drinking: for their brethren had prepared for them. <span class="ver">40</span>Moreover they that were nigh them, even unto Issachar and Zebulun and Naphtali, brought bread on asses, and on camelM
s, and on mules, and on oxen, and meat, meal, cakes of figs, and bunches of raisins, and wine, and oil, and oxen, and sheep abundantly: for there was joy in Israel.
<h2 id="c13">Chapter 13</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And David consulted with the captains of thousands and hundreds, and with every leader. <span class="ver">2</span>And David said unto all the congregation of Israel, If it seem good unto you, and that it be of the LORD our God, let us send abroad unto our brethren every where, that are leftM
in all the land of Israel, and with them also to the priests and Levites which are in their cities and suburbs, that they may gather themselves unto us: <span class="ver">3</span>And let us bring again the ark of our God to us: for we enquired not at it in the days of Saul. <span class="ver">4</span>And all the congregation said that they would do so: for the thing was right in the eyes of all the people. <span class="ver">5</span>So David gathered all Israel together, from Shihor of Egypt even unto the entering oM
f Hemath, to bring the ark of God from Kirjath-jearim. <span class="ver">6</span>And David went up, and all Israel, to Baalah, that is, to Kirjath-jearim, which belonged to Judah, to bring up thence the ark of God the LORD, that dwelleth between the cherubims, whose name is called on it. <span class="ver">7</span>And they carried the ark of God in a new cart out of the house of Abinadab: and Uzza and Ahio drave the cart. <span class="ver">8</span>And David and all Israel played before God with all their might, and M
with singing, and with harps, and with psalteries, and with timbrels, and with cymbals, and with trumpets. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And when they came unto the threshingfloor of Chidon, Uzza put forth his hand to hold the ark; for the oxen stumbled. <span class="ver">10</span>And the anger of the LORD was kindled against Uzza, and he smote him, because he put his hand to the ark: and there he died before God. <span class="ver">11</span>And David was displeased, because the LORD had made a breach upon UzzM
a: wherefore that place is called Perez-uzza to this day. <span class="ver">12</span>And David was afraid of God that day, saying, How shall I bring the ark of God home to me? <span class="ver">13</span>So David brought not the ark home to himself to the city of David, but carried it aside into the house of Obed-edom the Gittite. <span class="ver">14</span>And the ark of God remained with the family of Obed-edom in his house three months. And the LORD blessed the house of Obed-edom, and all that he had.
c14">Chapter 14</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and timber of cedars, with masons and carpenters, to build him an house. <span class="ver">2</span>And David perceived that the LORD had confirmed him king over Israel, for his kingdom was lifted up on high, because of his people Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And David took more wives at Jerusalem: and David begat more sons and daughters. <span class="ver">4</span>Now these are the names of his childrM
en which he had in Jerusalem; Shammua, and Shobab, Nathan, and Solomon, <span class="ver">5</span>And Ibhar, and Elishua, and Elpalet, <span class="ver">6</span>And Nogah, and Nepheg, and Japhia, <span class="ver">7</span>And Elishama, and Beeliada, and Eliphalet. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And when the Philistines heard that David was anointed king over all Israel, all the Philistines went up to seek David. And David heard of it, and went out against them. <span class="ver">9</span>And the Philistines camM
e and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim. <span class="ver">10</span>And David enquired of God, saying, Shall I go up against the Philistines? and wilt thou deliver them into mine hand? And the LORD said unto him, Go up; for I will deliver them into thine hand. <span class="ver">11</span>So they came up to Baal-perazim; and David smote them there. Then David said, God hath broken in upon mine enemies by mine hand like the breaking forth of waters: therefore they called the name of that place Baal-perazim. <M
span class="ver">12</span>And when they had left their gods there, David gave a commandment, and they were burned with fire. <span class="ver">13</span>And the Philistines yet again spread themselves abroad in the valley. <span class="ver">14</span>Therefore David enquired again of God; and God said unto him, Go not up after them; turn away from them, and come upon them over against the mulberry trees. <span class="ver">15</span>And it shall be, when thou shalt hear a sound of going in the tops of the mulberry treeM
s, that then thou shalt go out to battle: for God is gone forth before thee to smite the host of the Philistines. <span class="ver">16</span>David therefore did as God commanded him: and they smote the host of the Philistines from Gibeon even to Gazer. <span class="ver">17</span>And the fame of David went out into all lands; and the LORD brought the fear of him upon all nations.
<h2 id="c15">Chapter 15</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And David made him houses in the city of David, and prepared a place for tM
he ark of God, and pitched for it a tent. <span class="ver">2</span>Then David said, None ought to carry the ark of God but the Levites: for them hath the LORD chosen to carry the ark of God, and to minister unto him for ever. <span class="ver">3</span>And David gathered all Israel together to Jerusalem, to bring up the ark of the LORD unto his place, which he had prepared for it. <span class="ver">4</span>And David assembled the children of Aaron, and the Levites: <span class="ver">5</span>Of the sons of Kohath; UM
riel the chief, and his brethren an hundred and twenty: <span class="ver">6</span>Of the sons of Merari; Asaiah the chief, and his brethren two hundred and twenty: <span class="ver">7</span>Of the sons of Gershom; Joel the chief, and his brethren an hundred and thirty: <span class="ver">8</span>Of the sons of Elizaphan; Shemaiah the chief, and his brethren two hundred: <span class="ver">9</span>Of the sons of Hebron; Eliel the chief, and his brethren fourscore: <span class="ver">10</span>Of the sons of Uzziel; AmmiM
nadab the chief, and his brethren an hundred and twelve. <span class="ver">11</span>And David called for Zadok and Abiathar the priests, and for the Levites, for Uriel, Asaiah, and Joel, Shemaiah, and Eliel, and Amminadab, <span class="ver">12</span>And said unto them, Ye are the chief of the fathers of the Levites: sanctify yourselves, both ye and your brethren, that ye may bring up the ark of the LORD God of Israel unto the place that I have prepared for it. <span class="ver">13</span>For because ye did it not atM
the first, the LORD our God made a breach upon us, for that we sought him not after the due order. <span class="ver">14</span>So the priests and the Levites sanctified themselves to bring up the ark of the LORD God of Israel. <span class="ver">15</span>And the children of the Levites bare the ark of God upon their shoulders with the staves thereon, as Moses commanded according to the word of the LORD. <span class="ver">16</span>And David spake to the chief of the Levites to appoint their brethren to be the singersM
with instruments of musick, psalteries and harps and cymbals, sounding, by lifting up the voice with joy. <span class="ver">17</span>So the Levites appointed Heman the son of Joel; and of his brethren, Asaph the son of Berechiah; and of the sons of Merari their brethren, Ethan the son of Kushaiah; <span class="ver">18</span>And with them their brethren of the second degree, Zechariah, Ben, and Jaaziel, and Shemiramoth, and Jehiel, and Unni, Eliab, and Benaiah, and Maaseiah, and Mattithiah, and Elipheleh, and MikneM
iah, and Obed-edom, and Jeiel, the porters. <span class="ver">19</span>So the singers, Heman, Asaph, and Ethan, were appointed to sound with cymbals of brass; <span class="ver">20</span>And Zechariah, and Aziel, and Shemiramoth, and Jehiel, and Unni, and Eliab, and Maaseiah, and Benaiah, with psalteries on Alamoth; <span class="ver">21</span>And Mattithiah, and Elipheleh, and Mikneiah, and Obed-edom, and Jeiel, and Azaziah, with harps on the Sheminith to excel. <span class="ver">22</span>And Chenaniah, chief of theM
Levites, was for song: he instructed about the song, because he was skilful. <span class="ver">23</span>And Berechiah and Elkanah were doorkeepers for the ark. <span class="ver">24</span>And Shebaniah, and Jehoshaphat, and Nethaneel, and Amasai, and Zechariah, and Benaiah, and Eliezer, the priests, did blow with the trumpets before the ark of God: and Obed-edom and Jehiah were doorkeepers for the ark. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>So David, and the elders of Israel, and the captains over thousands, went to M
bring up the ark of the covenant of the LORD out of the house of Obed-edom with joy. <span class="ver">26</span>And it came to pass, when God helped the Levites that bare the ark of the covenant of the LORD, that they offered seven bullocks and seven rams. <span class="ver">27</span>And David was clothed with a robe of fine linen, and all the Levites that bare the ark, and the singers, and Chenaniah the master of the song with the singers: David also had upon him an ephod of linen. <span class="ver">28</span>Thus aM
ll Israel brought up the ark of the covenant of the LORD with shouting, and with sound of the cornet, and with trumpets, and with cymbals, making a noise with psalteries and harps. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>And it came to pass, as the ark of the covenant of the LORD came to the city of David, that Michal the daughter of Saul looking out at a window saw king David dancing and playing: and she despised him in her heart.
<h2 id="c16">Chapter 16</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>So they brought the arkM
of God, and set it in the midst of the tent that David had pitched for it: and they offered burnt sacrifices and peace offerings before God. <span class="ver">2</span>And when David had made an end of offering the burnt offerings and the peace offerings, he blessed the people in the name of the LORD. <span class="ver">3</span>And he dealt to every one of Israel, both man and woman, to every one a loaf of bread, and a good piece of flesh, and a flagon of wine. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And he appointed ceM
rtain of the Levites to minister before the ark of the LORD, and to record, and to thank and praise the LORD God of Israel: <span class="ver">5</span>Asaph the chief, and next to him Zechariah, Jeiel, and Shemiramoth, and Jehiel, and Mattithiah, and Eliab, and Benaiah, and Obed-edom: and Jeiel with psalteries and with harps; but Asaph made a sound with cymbals; <span class="ver">6</span>Benaiah also and Jahaziel the priests with trumpets continually before the ark of the covenant of God. </p>
<p><span class="ver"M
>7</span>Then on that day David delivered first this psalm to thank the LORD into the hand of Asaph and his brethren. <span class="ver">8</span>Give thanks unto the LORD, call upon his name, make known his deeds among the people. <span class="ver">9</span>Sing unto him, sing psalms unto him, talk ye of all his wondrous works. <span class="ver">10</span>Glory ye in his holy name: let the heart of them rejoice that seek the LORD. <span class="ver">11</span>Seek the LORD and his strength, seek his face continually. <sM
pan class="ver">12</span>Remember his marvellous works that he hath done, his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth; <span class="ver">13</span>O ye seed of Israel his servant, ye children of Jacob, his chosen ones. <span class="ver">14</span>He is the LORD our God; his judgments are in all the earth. <span class="ver">15</span>Be ye mindful always of his covenant; the word which he commanded to a thousand generations; <span class="ver">16</span>Even of the covenant which he made with Abraham, and of his oath untM
o Isaac; <span class="ver">17</span>And hath confirmed the same to Jacob for a law, and to Israel for an everlasting covenant, <span class="ver">18</span>Saying, Unto thee will I give the land of Canaan, the lot of your inheritance; <span class="ver">19</span>When ye were but few, even a few, and strangers in it. <span class="ver">20</span>And when they went from nation to nation, and from one kingdom to another people; <span class="ver">21</span>He suffered no man to do them wrong: yea, he reproved kings for theirM
sakes, <span class="ver">22</span>Saying, Touch not mine anointed, and do my prophets no harm. <span class="ver">23</span>Sing unto the LORD, all the earth; shew forth from day to day his salvation. <span class="ver">24</span>Declare his glory among the heathen; his marvellous works among all nations. <span class="ver">25</span>For great is the LORD, and greatly to be praised: he also is to be feared above all gods. <span class="ver">26</span>For all the gods of the people are idols: but the LORD made the heavens.M
<span class="ver">27</span>Glory and honour are in his presence; strength and gladness are in his place. <span class="ver">28</span>Give unto the LORD, ye kindreds of the people, give unto the LORD glory and strength. <span class="ver">29</span>Give unto the LORD the glory due unto his name: bring an offering, and come before him: worship the LORD in the beauty of holiness. <span class="ver">30</span>Fear before him, all the earth: the world also shall be stable, that it be not moved. <span class="ver">31</span>LeM
t the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice: and let men say among the nations, The LORD reigneth. <span class="ver">32</span>Let the sea roar, and the fulness thereof: let the fields rejoice, and all that is therein. <span class="ver">33</span>Then shall the trees of the wood sing out at the presence of the LORD, because he cometh to judge the earth. <span class="ver">34</span>O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good; for his mercy endureth for ever. <span class="ver">35</span>And say ye, Save us, O God ofM
our salvation, and gather us together, and deliver us from the heathen, that we may give thanks to thy holy name, and glory in thy praise. <span class="ver">36</span>Blessed be the LORD God of Israel for ever and ever. And all the people said, Amen, and praised the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">37</span>So he left there before the ark of the covenant of the LORD Asaph and his brethren, to minister before the ark continually, as every day
s work required: <span class="ver">38</span>And Obed-edom with their brM
ethren, threescore and eight; Obed-edom also the son of Jeduthun and Hosah to be porters: <span class="ver">39</span>And Zadok the priest, and his brethren the priests, before the tabernacle of the LORD in the high place that was at Gibeon, <span class="ver">40</span>To offer burnt offerings unto the LORD upon the altar of the burnt offering continually morning and evening, and to do according to all that is written in the law of the LORD, which he commanded Israel; <span class="ver">41</span>And with them Heman anM
d Jeduthun, and the rest that were chosen, who were expressed by name, to give thanks to the LORD, because his mercy endureth for ever; <span class="ver">42</span>And with them Heman and Jeduthun with trumpets and cymbals for those that should make a sound, and with musical instruments of God. And the sons of Jeduthun were porters. <span class="ver">43</span>And all the people departed every man to his house: and David returned to bless his house.
<h2 id="c17">Chapter 17</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now M
it came to pass, as David sat in his house, that David said to Nathan the prophet, Lo, I dwell in an house of cedars, but the ark of the covenant of the LORD remaineth under curtains. <span class="ver">2</span>Then Nathan said unto David, Do all that is in thine heart; for God is with thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And it came to pass the same night, that the word of God came to Nathan, saying, <span class="ver">4</span>Go and tell David my servant, Thus saith the LORD, Thou shalt not build me an house tM
o dwell in: <span class="ver">5</span>For I have not dwelt in an house since the day that I brought up Israel unto this day; but have gone from tent to tent, and from one tabernacle to another. <span class="ver">6</span>Wheresoever I have walked with all Israel, spake I a word to any of the judges of Israel, whom I commanded to feed my people, saying, Why have ye not built me an house of cedars? <span class="ver">7</span>Now therefore thus shalt thou say unto my servant David, Thus saith the LORD of hosts, I took tM
hee from the sheepcote, even from following the sheep, that thou shouldest be ruler over my people Israel: <span class="ver">8</span>And I have been with thee whithersoever thou hast walked, and have cut off all thine enemies from before thee, and have made thee a name like the name of the great men that are in the earth. <span class="ver">9</span>Also I will ordain a place for my people Israel, and will plant them, and they shall dwell in their place, and shall be moved no more; neither shall the children of wickeM
dness waste them any more, as at the beginning, <span class="ver">10</span>And since the time that I commanded judges to be over my people Israel. Moreover I will subdue all thine enemies. Furthermore I tell thee that the LORD will build thee an house. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And it shall come to pass, when thy days be expired that thou must go to be with thy fathers, that I will raise up thy seed after thee, which shall be of thy sons; and I will establish his kingdom. <span class="ver">12</span>He shM
all build me an house, and I will stablish his throne for ever. <span class="ver">13</span>I will be his father, and he shall be my son: and I will not take my mercy away from him, as I took it from him that was before thee: <span class="ver">14</span>But I will settle him in mine house and in my kingdom for ever: and his throne shall be established for evermore. <span class="ver">15</span>According to all these words, and according to all this vision, so did Nathan speak unto David. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16<M
/span>And David the king came and sat before the LORD, and said, Who am I, O LORD God, and what is mine house, that thou hast brought me hitherto? <span class="ver">17</span>And yet this was a small thing in thine eyes, O God; for thou hast also spoken of thy servant
s house for a great while to come, and hast regarded me according to the estate of a man of high degree, O LORD God. <span class="ver">18</span>What can David speak more to thee for the honour of thy servant? for thou knowest thy servant. <span classM
="ver">19</span>O LORD, for thy servant
s sake, and according to thine own heart, hast thou done all this greatness, in making known all these great things. <span class="ver">20</span>O LORD, there is none like thee, neither is there any God beside thee, according to all that we have heard with our ears. <span class="ver">21</span>And what one nation in the earth is like thy people Israel, whom God went to redeem to be his own people, to make thee a name of greatness and terribleness, by driving out nations from M
before thy people, whom thou hast redeemed out of Egypt? <span class="ver">22</span>For thy people Israel didst thou make thine own people for ever; and thou, LORD, becamest their God. <span class="ver">23</span>Therefore now, LORD, let the thing that thou hast spoken concerning thy servant and concerning his house be established for ever, and do as thou hast said. <span class="ver">24</span>Let it even be established, that thy name may be magnified for ever, saying, The LORD of hosts is the God of Israel, even a GM
od to Israel: and let the house of David thy servant be established before thee. <span class="ver">25</span>For thou, O my God, hast told thy servant that thou wilt build him an house: therefore thy servant hath found in his heart to pray before thee. <span class="ver">26</span>And now, LORD, thou art God, and hast promised this goodness unto thy servant: <span class="ver">27</span>Now therefore let it please thee to bless the house of thy servant, that it may be before thee for ever: for thou blessest, O LORD, andM
it shall be blessed for ever.
<h2 id="c18">Chapter 18</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now after this it came to pass, that David smote the Philistines, and subdued them, and took Gath and her towns out of the hand of the Philistines. <span class="ver">2</span>And he smote Moab; and the Moabites became David
s servants, and brought gifts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And David smote Hadarezer king of Zobah unto Hamath, as he went to stablish his dominion by the river Euphrates. <span class="ver">4<M
/span>And David took from him a thousand chariots, and seven thousand horsemen, and twenty thousand footmen: David also houghed all the chariot horses, but reserved of them an hundred chariots. <span class="ver">5</span>And when the Syrians of Damascus came to help Hadarezer king of Zobah, David slew of the Syrians two and twenty thousand men. <span class="ver">6</span>Then David put garrisons in Syria-damascus; and the Syrians became David
s servants, and brought gifts. Thus the LORD preserved David whithersoeveM
r he went. <span class="ver">7</span>And David took the shields of gold that were on the servants of Hadarezer, and brought them to Jerusalem. <span class="ver">8</span>Likewise from Tibhath, and from Chun, cities of Hadarezer, brought David very much brass, wherewith Solomon made the brasen sea, and the pillars, and the vessels of brass. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Now when Tou king of Hamath heard how David had smitten all the host of Hadarezer king of Zobah; <span class="ver">10</span>He sent Hadoram hisM
son to king David, to enquire of his welfare, and to congratulate him, because he had fought against Hadarezer, and smitten him; (for Hadarezer had war with Tou;) and with him all manner of vessels of gold and silver and brass. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Them also king David dedicated unto the LORD, with the silver and the gold that he brought from all these nations; from Edom, and from Moab, and from the children of Ammon, and from the Philistines, and from Amalek. <span class="ver">12</span>Moreover AbM
ishai the son of Zeruiah slew of the Edomites in the valley of salt eighteen thousand. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And he put garrisons in Edom; and all the Edomites became David
s servants. Thus the LORD preserved David whithersoever he went. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>So David reigned over all Israel, and executed judgment and justice among all his people. <span class="ver">15</span>And Joab the son of Zeruiah was over the host; and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud, recorder. <span class="ver">1M
6</span>And Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Abimelech the son of Abiathar, were the priests; and Shavsha was scribe; <span class="ver">17</span>And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and the Pelethites; and the sons of David were chief about the king.
<h2 id="c19">Chapter 19</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now it came to pass after this, that Nahash the king of the children of Ammon died, and his son reigned in his stead. <span class="ver">2</span>And David said, I will shew kindness unto HanM
un the son of Nahash, because his father shewed kindness to me. And David sent messengers to comfort him concerning his father. So the servants of David came into the land of the children of Ammon to Hanun, to comfort him. <span class="ver">3</span>But the princes of the children of Ammon said to Hanun, Thinkest thou that David doth honour thy father, that he hath sent comforters unto thee? are not his servants come unto thee for to search, and to overthrow, and to spy out the land? <span class="ver">4</span>WherefM
ore Hanun took David
s servants, and shaved them, and cut off their garments in the midst hard by their buttocks, and sent them away. <span class="ver">5</span>Then there went certain, and told David how the men were served. And he sent to meet them: for the men were greatly ashamed. And the king said, Tarry at Jericho until your beards be grown, and then return. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And when the children of Ammon saw that they had made themselves odious to David, Hanun and the children of Ammon seM
nt a thousand talents of silver to hire them chariots and horsemen out of Mesopotamia, and out of Syria-maachah, and out of Zobah. <span class="ver">7</span>So they hired thirty and two thousand chariots, and the king of Maachah and his people; who came and pitched before Medeba. And the children of Ammon gathered themselves together from their cities, and came to battle. <span class="ver">8</span>And when David heard of it, he sent Joab, and all the host of the mighty men. <span class="ver">9</span>And the childreM
n of Ammon came out, and put the battle in array before the gate of the city: and the kings that were come were by themselves in the field. <span class="ver">10</span>Now when Joab saw that the battle was set against him before and behind, he chose out of all the choice of Israel, and put them in array against the Syrians. <span class="ver">11</span>And the rest of the people he delivered unto the hand of Abishai his brother, and they set themselves in array against the children of Ammon. <span class="ver">12</spanM
>And he said, If the Syrians be too strong for me, then thou shalt help me: but if the children of Ammon be too strong for thee, then I will help thee. <span class="ver">13</span>Be of good courage, and let us behave ourselves valiantly for our people, and for the cities of our God: and let the LORD do that which is good in his sight. <span class="ver">14</span>So Joab and the people that were with him drew nigh before the Syrians unto the battle; and they fled before him. <span class="ver">15</span>And when the chM
ildren of Ammon saw that the Syrians were fled, they likewise fled before Abishai his brother, and entered into the city. Then Joab came to Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And when the Syrians saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they sent messengers, and drew forth the Syrians that were beyond the river: and Shophach the captain of the host of Hadarezer went before them. <span class="ver">17</span>And it was told David; and he gathered all Israel, and passed over Jordan, and came uponM
them, and set the battle in array against them. So when David had put the battle in array against the Syrians, they fought with him. <span class="ver">18</span>But the Syrians fled before Israel; and David slew of the Syrians seven thousand men which fought in chariots, and forty thousand footmen, and killed Shophach the captain of the host. <span class="ver">19</span>And when the servants of Hadarezer saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they made peace with David, and became his servants: neither wM
ould the Syrians help the children of Ammon any more.
<h2 id="c20">Chapter 20</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass, that after the year was expired, at the time that kings go out to battle, Joab led forth the power of the army, and wasted the country of the children of Ammon, and came and besieged Rabbah. But David tarried at Jerusalem. And Joab smote Rabbah, and destroyed it. <span class="ver">2</span>And David took the crown of their king from off his head, and found it to weigh a talent ofM
gold, and there were precious stones in it; and it was set upon David
s head: and he brought also exceeding much spoil out of the city. <span class="ver">3</span>And he brought out the people that were in it, and cut them with saws, and with harrows of iron, and with axes. Even so dealt David with all the cities of the children of Ammon. And David and all the people returned to Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And it came to pass after this, that there arose war at Gezer with the Philistines; at whM
ich time Sibbechai the Hushathite slew Sippai, that was of the children of the giant: and they were subdued. <span class="ver">5</span>And there was war again with the Philistines; and Elhanan the son of Jair slew Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite, whose spear staff was like a weaver
s beam. <span class="ver">6</span>And yet again there was war at Gath, where was a man of great stature, whose fingers and toes were four and twenty, six on each hand, and six on each foot: and he also was the son of the giantM
. <span class="ver">7</span>But when he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea David
s brother slew him. <span class="ver">8</span>These were born unto the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David, and by the hand of his servants.
<h2 id="c21">Chapter 21</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Satan stood up against Israel, and provoked David to number Israel. <span class="ver">2</span>And David said to Joab and to the rulers of the people, Go, number Israel from Beer-sheba even to Dan; and bring M
the number of them to me, that I may know it. <span class="ver">3</span>And Joab answered, The LORD make his people an hundred times so many more as they be: but, my lord the king, are they not all my lord
s servants? why then doth my lord require this thing? why will he be a cause of trespass to Israel? <span class="ver">4</span>Nevertheless the king
s word prevailed against Joab. Wherefore Joab departed, and went throughout all Israel, and came to Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And Joab gave tM
he sum of the number of the people unto David. And all they of Israel were a thousand thousand and an hundred thousand men that drew sword: and Judah was four hundred threescore and ten thousand men that drew sword. <span class="ver">6</span>But Levi and Benjamin counted he not among them: for the king
s word was abominable to Joab. <span class="ver">7</span>And God was displeased with this thing; therefore he smote Israel. <span class="ver">8</span>And David said unto God, I have sinned greatly, because I have dM
one this thing: but now, I beseech thee, do away the iniquity of thy servant; for I have done very foolishly. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And the LORD spake unto Gad, David
s seer, saying, <span class="ver">10</span>Go and tell David, saying, Thus saith the LORD, I offer thee three things: choose thee one of them, that I may do it unto thee. <span class="ver">11</span>So Gad came to David, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Choose thee <span class="ver">12</span>Either three years
months to be destroyed before thy foes, while that the sword of thine enemies overtaketh thee; or else three days the sword of the LORD, even the pestilence, in the land, and the angel of the LORD destroying throughout all the coasts of Israel. Now therefore advise thyself what word I shall bring again to him that sent me. <span class="ver">13</span>And David said unto Gad, I am in a great strait: let me fall now into the hand of the LORD; for very great are his mercies: but let me not fall into the hand of man. <M
<p><span class="ver">14</span>So the LORD sent pestilence upon Israel: and there fell of Israel seventy thousand men. <span class="ver">15</span>And God sent an angel unto Jerusalem to destroy it: and as he was destroying, the LORD beheld, and he repented him of the evil, and said to the angel that destroyed, It is enough, stay now thine hand. And the angel of the LORD stood by the threshingfloor of Ornan the Jebusite. <span class="ver">16</span>And David lifted up his eyes, and saw the angel of the LORD stanM
d between the earth and the heaven, having a drawn sword in his hand stretched out over Jerusalem. Then David and the elders of Israel, who were clothed in sackcloth, fell upon their faces. <span class="ver">17</span>And David said unto God, Is it not I that commanded the people to be numbered? even I it is that have sinned and done evil indeed; but as for these sheep, what have they done? let thine hand, I pray thee, O LORD my God, be on me, and on my father
s house; but not on thy people, that they should be plM
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Then the angel of the LORD commanded Gad to say to David, that David should go up, and set up an altar unto the LORD in the threshingfloor of Ornan the Jebusite. <span class="ver">19</span>And David went up at the saying of Gad, which he spake in the name of the LORD. <span class="ver">20</span>And Ornan turned back, and saw the angel; and his four sons with him hid themselves. Now Ornan was threshing wheat. <span class="ver">21</span>And as David came to Ornan, Ornan looM
ked and saw David, and went out of the threshingfloor, and bowed himself to David with his face to the ground. <span class="ver">22</span>Then David said to Ornan, Grant me the place of this threshingfloor, that I may build an altar therein unto the LORD: thou shalt grant it me for the full price: that the plague may be stayed from the people. <span class="ver">23</span>And Ornan said unto David, Take it to thee, and let my lord the king do that which is good in his eyes: lo, I give thee the oxen also for burnt offM
erings, and the threshing instruments for wood, and the wheat for the meat offering; I give it all. <span class="ver">24</span>And king David said to Ornan, Nay; but I will verily buy it for the full price: for I will not take that which is thine for the LORD, nor offer burnt offerings without cost. <span class="ver">25</span>So David gave to Ornan for the place six hundred shekels of gold by weight. <span class="ver">26</span>And David built there an altar unto the LORD, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerM
ings, and called upon the LORD; and he answered him from heaven by fire upon the altar of burnt offering. <span class="ver">27</span>And the LORD commanded the angel; and he put up his sword again into the sheath thereof. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>At that time when David saw that the LORD had answered him in the threshingfloor of Ornan the Jebusite, then he sacrificed there. <span class="ver">29</span>For the tabernacle of the LORD, which Moses made in the wilderness, and the altar of the burnt offering,M
were at that season in the high place at Gibeon. <span class="ver">30</span>But David could not go before it to enquire of God: for he was afraid because of the sword of the angel of the LORD.
<h2 id="c22">Chapter 22</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then David said, This is the house of the LORD God, and this is the altar of the burnt offering for Israel. <span class="ver">2</span>And David commanded to gather together the strangers that were in the land of Israel; and he set masons to hew wrought stones toM
build the house of God. <span class="ver">3</span>And David prepared iron in abundance for the nails for the doors of the gates, and for the joinings; and brass in abundance without weight; <span class="ver">4</span>Also cedar trees in abundance: for the Zidonians and they of Tyre brought much cedar wood to David. <span class="ver">5</span>And David said, Solomon my son is young and tender, and the house that is to be builded for the LORD must be exceeding magnifical, of fame and of glory throughout all countries:M
I will therefore now make preparation for it. So David prepared abundantly before his death. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Then he called for Solomon his son, and charged him to build an house for the LORD God of Israel. <span class="ver">7</span>And David said to Solomon, My son, as for me, it was in my mind to build an house unto the name of the LORD my God: <span class="ver">8</span>But the word of the LORD came to me, saying, Thou hast shed blood abundantly, and hast made great wars: thou shalt not buildM
an house unto my name, because thou hast shed much blood upon the earth in my sight. <span class="ver">9</span>Behold, a son shall be born to thee, who shall be a man of rest; and I will give him rest from all his enemies round about: for his name shall be Solomon, and I will give peace and quietness unto Israel in his days. <span class="ver">10</span>He shall build an house for my name; and he shall be my son, and I will be his father; and I will establish the throne of his kingdom over Israel for ever. <span claM
ss="ver">11</span>Now, my son, the LORD be with thee; and prosper thou, and build the house of the LORD thy God, as he hath said of thee. <span class="ver">12</span>Only the LORD give thee wisdom and understanding, and give thee charge concerning Israel, that thou mayest keep the law of the LORD thy God. <span class="ver">13</span>Then shalt thou prosper, if thou takest heed to fulfil the statutes and judgments which the LORD charged Moses with concerning Israel: be strong, and of good courage; dread not, nor be diM
smayed. <span class="ver">14</span>Now, behold, in my trouble I have prepared for the house of the LORD an hundred thousand talents of gold, and a thousand thousand talents of silver; and of brass and iron without weight; for it is in abundance: timber also and stone have I prepared; and thou mayest add thereto. <span class="ver">15</span>Moreover there are workmen with thee in abundance, hewers and workers of stone and timber, and all manner of cunning men for every manner of work. <span class="ver">16</span>Of thM
e gold, the silver, and the brass, and the iron, there is no number. Arise therefore, and be doing, and the LORD be with thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>David also commanded all the princes of Israel to help Solomon his son, saying, <span class="ver">18</span>Is not the LORD your God with you? and hath he not given you rest on every side? for he hath given the inhabitants of the land into mine hand; and the land is subdued before the LORD, and before his people. <span class="ver">19</span>Now set your heM
art and your soul to seek the LORD your God; arise therefore, and build ye the sanctuary of the LORD God, to bring the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and the holy vessels of God, into the house that is to be built to the name of the LORD.
<h2 id="c23">Chapter 23</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>So when David was old and full of days, he made Solomon his son king over Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>And he gathered together all the princes of Israel, with the priests and the Levites. <span classM
="ver">3</span>Now the Levites were numbered from the age of thirty years and upward: and their number by their polls, man by man, was thirty and eight thousand. <span class="ver">4</span>Of which, twenty and four thousand were to set forward the work of the house of the LORD; and six thousand were officers and judges: <span class="ver">5</span>Moreover four thousand were porters; and four thousand praised the LORD with the instruments which I made, said David, to praise therewith. <span class="ver">6</span>And DavM
id divided them into courses among the sons of Levi, namely, Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Of the Gershonites were, Laadan, and Shimei. <span class="ver">8</span>The sons of Laadan; the chief was Jehiel, and Zetham, and Joel, three. <span class="ver">9</span>The sons of Shimei; Shelomith, and Haziel, and Haran, three. These were the chief of the fathers of Laadan. <span class="ver">10</span>And the sons of Shimei were, Jahath, Zina, and Jeush, and Beriah. These four were the sons M
of Shimei. <span class="ver">11</span>And Jahath was the chief, and Zizah the second: but Jeush and Beriah had not many sons; therefore they were in one reckoning, according to their father
<p><span class="ver">12</span>The sons of Kohath; Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel, four. <span class="ver">13</span>The sons of Amram; Aaron and Moses: and Aaron was separated, that he should sanctify the most holy things, he and his sons for ever, to burn incense before the LORD, to minister unto him, and to M
bless in his name for ever. <span class="ver">14</span>Now concerning Moses the man of God, his sons were named of the tribe of Levi. <span class="ver">15</span>The sons of Moses were, Gershom, and Eliezer. <span class="ver">16</span>Of the sons of Gershom, Shebuel was the chief. <span class="ver">17</span>And the sons of Eliezer were, Rehabiah the chief. And Eliezer had none other sons; but the sons of Rehabiah were very many. <span class="ver">18</span>Of the sons of Izhar; Shelomith the chief. <span class="ver">M
19</span>Of the sons of Hebron; Jeriah the first, Amariah the second, Jahaziel the third, and Jekameam the fourth. <span class="ver">20</span>Of the sons of Uzziel; Michah the first, and Jesiah the second. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>The sons of Merari; Mahli, and Mushi. The sons of Mahli; Eleazar, and Kish. <span class="ver">22</span>And Eleazar died, and had no sons, but daughters: and their brethren the sons of Kish took them. <span class="ver">23</span>The sons of Mushi; Mahli, and Eder, and Jeremoth, M
<p><span class="ver">24</span>These were the sons of Levi after the house of their fathers; even the chief of the fathers, as they were counted by number of names by their polls, that did the work for the service of the house of the LORD, from the age of twenty years and upward. <span class="ver">25</span>For David said, The LORD God of Israel hath given rest unto his people, that they may dwell in Jerusalem for ever: <span class="ver">26</span>And also unto the Levites; they shall no more carry the tM
abernacle, nor any vessels of it for the service thereof. <span class="ver">27</span>For by the last words of David the Levites were numbered from twenty years old and above: <span class="ver">28</span>Because their office was to wait on the sons of Aaron for the service of the house of the LORD, in the courts, and in the chambers, and in the purifying of all holy things, and the work of the service of the house of God; <span class="ver">29</span>Both for the shewbread, and for the fine flour for meat offering, andM
for the unleavened cakes, and for that which is baked in the pan, and for that which is fried, and for all manner of measure and size; <span class="ver">30</span>And to stand every morning to thank and praise the LORD, and likewise at even; <span class="ver">31</span>And to offer all burnt sacrifices unto the LORD in the sabbaths, in the new moons, and on the set feasts, by number, according to the order commanded unto them, continually before the LORD: <span class="ver">32</span>And that they should keep the charM
ge of the tabernacle of the congregation, and the charge of the holy place, and the charge of the sons of Aaron their brethren, in the service of the house of the LORD.
<h2 id="c24">Chapter 24</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now these are the divisions of the sons of Aaron. The sons of Aaron; Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. <span class="ver">2</span>But Nadab and Abihu died before their father, and had no children: therefore Eleazar and Ithamar executed the priest
s office. <span class="ver">3</spM
an>And David distributed them, both Zadok of the sons of Eleazar, and Ahimelech of the sons of Ithamar, according to their offices in their service. <span class="ver">4</span>And there were more chief men found of the sons of Eleazar than of the sons of Ithamar; and thus were they divided. Among the sons of Eleazar there were sixteen chief men of the house of their fathers, and eight among the sons of Ithamar according to the house of their fathers. <span class="ver">5</span>Thus were they divided by lot, one sort M
with another; for the governors of the sanctuary, and governors of the house of God, were of the sons of Eleazar, and of the sons of Ithamar. <span class="ver">6</span>And Shemaiah the son of Nethaneel the scribe, one of the Levites, wrote them before the king, and the princes, and Zadok the priest, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, and before the chief of the fathers of the priests and Levites: one principal household being taken for Eleazar, and one taken for Ithamar. <span class="ver">7</span>Now the first lot M
came forth to Jehoiarib, the second to Jedaiah, <span class="ver">8</span>The third to Harim, the fourth to Seorim, <span class="ver">9</span>The fifth to Malchijah, the sixth to Mijamin, <span class="ver">10</span>The seventh to Hakkoz, the eighth to Abijah, <span class="ver">11</span>The ninth to Jeshua, the tenth to Shecaniah, <span class="ver">12</span>The eleventh to Eliashib, the twelfth to Jakim, <span class="ver">13</span>The thirteenth to Huppah, the fourteenth to Jeshebeab, <span class="ver">14</span>The M
fifteenth to Bilgah, the sixteenth to Immer, <span class="ver">15</span>The seventeenth to Hezir, the eighteenth to Aphses, <span class="ver">16</span>The nineteenth to Pethahiah, the twentieth to Jehezekel, <span class="ver">17</span>The one and twentieth to Jachin, the two and twentieth to Gamul, <span class="ver">18</span>The three and twentieth to Delaiah, the four and twentieth to Maaziah. <span class="ver">19</span>These were the orderings of them in their service to come into the house of the LORD, accordingM
to their manner, under Aaron their father, as the LORD God of Israel had commanded him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And the rest of the sons of Levi were these: Of the sons of Amram; Shubael: of the sons of Shubael; Jehdeiah. <span class="ver">21</span>Concerning Rehabiah: of the sons of Rehabiah, the first was Isshiah. <span class="ver">22</span>Of the Izharites; Shelomoth: of the sons of Shelomoth; Jahath. <span class="ver">23</span>And the sons of Hebron; Jeriah the first, Amariah the second, Jahaziel M
the third, Jekameam the fourth. <span class="ver">24</span>Of the sons of Uzziel; Michah: of the sons of Michah; Shamir. <span class="ver">25</span>The brother of Michah was Isshiah: of the sons of Isshiah; Zechariah. <span class="ver">26</span>The sons of Merari were Mahli and Mushi: the sons of Jaaziah; Beno. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>The sons of Merari by Jaaziah; Beno, and Shoham, and Zaccur, and Ibri. <span class="ver">28</span>Of Mahli came Eleazar, who had no sons. <span class="ver">29</span>ConceM
rning Kish: the son of Kish was Jerahmeel. <span class="ver">30</span>The sons also of Mushi; Mahli, and Eder, and Jerimoth. These were the sons of the Levites after the house of their fathers. <span class="ver">31</span>These likewise cast lots over against their brethren the sons of Aaron in the presence of David the king, and Zadok, and Ahimelech, and the chief of the fathers of the priests and Levites, even the principal fathers over against their younger brethren.
<h2 id="c25">Chapter 25</h2>
ass="ver">1</span>Moreover David and the captains of the host separated to the service of the sons of Asaph, and of Heman, and of Jeduthun, who should prophesy with harps, with psalteries, and with cymbals: and the number of the workmen according to their service was: <span class="ver">2</span>Of the sons of Asaph; Zaccur, and Joseph, and Nethaniah, and Asarelah, the sons of Asaph under the hands of Asaph, which prophesied according to the order of the king. <span class="ver">3</span>Of Jeduthun: the sons of JeduthM
un; Gedaliah, and Zeri, and Jeshaiah, Hashabiah, and Mattithiah, six, under the hands of their father Jeduthun, who prophesied with a harp, to give thanks and to praise the LORD. <span class="ver">4</span>Of Heman: the sons of Heman; Bukkiah, Mattaniah, Uzziel, Shebuel, and Jerimoth, Hananiah, Hanani, Eliathah, Giddalti, and Romamti-ezer, Joshbekashah, Mallothi, Hothir, and Mahazioth: <span class="ver">5</span>All these were the sons of Heman the king
s seer in the words of God, to lift up the horn. And God gave M
to Heman fourteen sons and three daughters. <span class="ver">6</span>All these were under the hands of their father for song in the house of the LORD, with cymbals, psalteries, and harps, for the service of the house of God, according to the king
s order to Asaph, Jeduthun, and Heman. <span class="ver">7</span>So the number of them, with their brethren that were instructed in the songs of the LORD, even all that were cunning, was two hundred fourscore and eight. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And they cast M
lots, ward against ward, as well the small as the great, the teacher as the scholar. <span class="ver">9</span>Now the first lot came forth for Asaph to Joseph: the second to Gedaliah, who with his brethren and sons were twelve: <span class="ver">10</span>The third to Zaccur, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: <span class="ver">11</span>The fourth to Izri, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: <span class="ver">12</span>The fifth to Nethaniah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: <span clasM
s="ver">13</span>The sixth to Bukkiah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: <span class="ver">14</span>The seventh to Jesharelah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: <span class="ver">15</span>The eighth to Jeshaiah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: <span class="ver">16</span>The ninth to Mattaniah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: <span class="ver">17</span>The tenth to Shimei, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: <span class="ver">18</span>The eleventh to Azareel, M
he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: <span class="ver">19</span>The twelfth to Hashabiah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: <span class="ver">20</span>The thirteenth to Shubael, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: <span class="ver">21</span>The fourteenth to Mattithiah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: <span class="ver">22</span>The fifteenth to Jeremoth, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: <span class="ver">23</span>The sixteenth to Hananiah, he, his sons, and his bM
rethren, were twelve: <span class="ver">24</span>The seventeenth to Joshbekashah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: <span class="ver">25</span>The eighteenth to Hanani, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: <span class="ver">26</span>The nineteenth to Mallothi, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: <span class="ver">27</span>The twentieth to Eliathah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: <span class="ver">28</span>The one and twentieth to Hothir, he, his sons, and his brethren, wereM
twelve: <span class="ver">29</span>The two and twentieth to Giddalti, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: <span class="ver">30</span>The three and twentieth to Mahazioth, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve: <span class="ver">31</span>The four and twentieth to Romamti-ezer, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve.
<h2 id="c26">Chapter 26</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Concerning the divisions of the porters: Of the Korhites was Meshelemiah the son of Kore, of the sons of Asaph. <span M
class="ver">2</span>And the sons of Meshelemiah were, Zechariah the firstborn, Jediael the second, Zebadiah the third, Jathniel the fourth, <span class="ver">3</span>Elam the fifth, Jehohanan the sixth, Elioenai the seventh. <span class="ver">4</span>Moreover the sons of Obed-edom were, Shemaiah the firstborn, Jehozabad the second, Joah the third, and Sacar the fourth, and Nethaneel the fifth, <span class="ver">5</span>Ammiel the sixth, Issachar the seventh, Peulthai the eighth: for God blessed him. <span class="veM
r">6</span>Also unto Shemaiah his son were sons born, that ruled throughout the house of their father: for they were mighty men of valour. <span class="ver">7</span>The sons of Shemaiah; Othni, and Rephael, and Obed, Elzabad, whose brethren were strong men, Elihu, and Semachiah. <span class="ver">8</span>All these of the sons of Obed-edom: they and their sons and their brethren, able men for strength for the service, were threescore and two of Obed-edom. <span class="ver">9</span>And Meshelemiah had sons and brethrM
en, strong men, eighteen. <span class="ver">10</span>Also Hosah, of the children of Merari, had sons; Simri the chief, (for though he was not the firstborn, yet his father made him the chief;) <span class="ver">11</span>Hilkiah the second, Tebaliah the third, Zechariah the fourth: all the sons and brethren of Hosah were thirteen. <span class="ver">12</span>Among these were the divisions of the porters, even among the chief men, having wards one against another, to minister in the house of the LORD. </p>
class="ver">13</span>And they cast lots, as well the small as the great, according to the house of their fathers, for every gate. <span class="ver">14</span>And the lot eastward fell to Shelemiah. Then for Zechariah his son, a wise counsellor, they cast lots; and his lot came out northward. <span class="ver">15</span>To Obed-edom southward; and to his sons the house of Asuppim. <span class="ver">16</span>To Shuppim and Hosah the lot came forth westward, with the gate Shallecheth, by the causeway of the going up, waM
rd against ward. <span class="ver">17</span>Eastward were six Levites, northward four a day, southward four a day, and toward Asuppim two and two. <span class="ver">18</span>At Parbar westward, four at the causeway, and two at Parbar. <span class="ver">19</span>These are the divisions of the porters among the sons of Kore, and among the sons of Merari. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And of the Levites, Ahijah was over the treasures of the house of God, and over the treasures of the dedicated things. <span claM
ss="ver">21</span>As concerning the sons of Laadan; the sons of the Gershonite Laadan, chief fathers, even of Laadan the Gershonite, were Jehieli. <span class="ver">22</span>The sons of Jehieli; Zetham, and Joel his brother, which were over the treasures of the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">23</span>Of the Amramites, and the Izharites, the Hebronites, and the Uzzielites: <span class="ver">24</span>And Shebuel the son of Gershom, the son of Moses, was ruler of the treasures. <span class="ver">25</span>And hisM
brethren by Eliezer; Rehabiah his son, and Jeshaiah his son, and Joram his son, and Zichri his son, and Shelomith his son. <span class="ver">26</span>Which Shelomith and his brethren were over all the treasures of the dedicated things, which David the king, and the chief fathers, the captains over thousands and hundreds, and the captains of the host, had dedicated. <span class="ver">27</span>Out of the spoils won in battles did they dedicate to maintain the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">28</span>And all thaM
t Samuel the seer, and Saul the son of Kish, and Abner the son of Ner, and Joab the son of Zeruiah, had dedicated; and whosoever had dedicated any thing, it was under the hand of Shelomith, and of his brethren. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>Of the Izharites, Chenaniah and his sons were for the outward business over Israel, for officers and judges. <span class="ver">30</span>And of the Hebronites, Hashabiah and his brethren, men of valour, a thousand and seven hundred, were officers among them of Israel on thM
is side Jordan westward in all the business of the LORD, and in the service of the king. <span class="ver">31</span>Among the Hebronites was Jerijah the chief, even among the Hebronites, according to the generations of his fathers. In the fortieth year of the reign of David they were sought for, and there were found among them mighty men of valour at Jazer of Gilead. <span class="ver">32</span>And his brethren, men of valour, were two thousand and seven hundred chief fathers, whom king David made rulers over the ReM
ubenites, the Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh, for every matter pertaining to God, and affairs of the king.
<h2 id="c27">Chapter 27</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now the children of Israel after their number, to wit, the chief fathers and captains of thousands and hundreds, and their officers that served the king in any matter of the courses, which came in and went out month by month throughout all the months of the year, of every course were twenty and four thousand. <span class="ver">2</span>OveM
r the first course for the first month was Jashobeam the son of Zabdiel: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. <span class="ver">3</span>Of the children of Perez was the chief of all the captains of the host for the first month. <span class="ver">4</span>And over the course of the second month was Dodai an Ahohite, and of his course was Mikloth also the ruler: in his course likewise were twenty and four thousand. <span class="ver">5</span>The third captain of the host for the third month was Benaiah the M
son of Jehoiada, a chief priest: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. <span class="ver">6</span>This is that Benaiah, who was mighty among the thirty, and above the thirty: and in his course was Ammizabad his son. <span class="ver">7</span>The fourth captain for the fourth month was Asahel the brother of Joab, and Zebadiah his son after him: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. <span class="ver">8</span>The fifth captain for the fifth month was Shamhuth the Izrahite: and in his course were tM
wenty and four thousand. <span class="ver">9</span>The sixth captain for the sixth month was Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. <span class="ver">10</span>The seventh captain for the seventh month was Helez the Pelonite, of the children of Ephraim: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. <span class="ver">11</span>The eighth captain for the eighth month was Sibbecai the Hushathite, of the Zarhites: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. <span classM
="ver">12</span>The ninth captain for the ninth month was Abi-ezer the Anetothite, of the Benjamites: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. <span class="ver">13</span>The tenth captain for the tenth month was Maharai the Netophathite, of the Zarhites: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. <span class="ver">14</span>The eleventh captain for the eleventh month was Benaiah the Pirathonite, of the children of Ephraim: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. <span class="ver">15</span>The M
twelfth captain for the twelfth month was Heldai the Netophathite, of Othniel: and in his course were twenty and four thousand. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Furthermore over the tribes of Israel: the ruler of the Reubenites was Eliezer the son of Zichri: of the Simeonites, Shephatiah the son of Maachah: <span class="ver">17</span>Of the Levites, Hashabiah the son of Kemuel: of the Aaronites, Zadok: <span class="ver">18</span>Of Judah, Elihu, one of the brethren of David: of Issachar, Omri the son of MichaelM
: <span class="ver">19</span>Of Zebulun, Ishmaiah the son of Obadiah: of Naphtali, Jerimoth the son of Azriel: <span class="ver">20</span>Of the children of Ephraim, Hoshea the son of Azaziah: of the half tribe of Manasseh, Joel the son of Pedaiah: <span class="ver">21</span>Of the half tribe of Manasseh in Gilead, Iddo the son of Zechariah: of Benjamin, Jaasiel the son of Abner: <span class="ver">22</span>Of Dan, Azareel the son of Jeroham. These were the princes of the tribes of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="verM
">23</span>But David took not the number of them from twenty years old and under: because the LORD had said he would increase Israel like to the stars of the heavens. <span class="ver">24</span>Joab the son of Zeruiah began to number, but he finished not, because there fell wrath for it against Israel; neither was the number put in the account of the chronicles of king David. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And over the king
s treasures was Azmaveth the son of Adiel: and over the storehouses in the fields, iM
n the cities, and in the villages, and in the castles, was Jehonathan the son of Uzziah: <span class="ver">26</span>And over them that did the work of the field for tillage of the ground was Ezri the son of Chelub: <span class="ver">27</span>And over the vineyards was Shimei the Ramathite: over the increase of the vineyards for the wine cellars was Zabdi the Shiphmite: <span class="ver">28</span>And over the olive trees and the sycomore trees that were in the low plains was Baal-hanan the Gederite: and over the celM
lars of oil was Joash: <span class="ver">29</span>And over the herds that fed in Sharon was Shitrai the Sharonite: and over the herds that were in the valleys was Shaphat the son of Adlai: <span class="ver">30</span>Over the camels also was Obil the Ishmaelite: and over the asses was Jehdeiah the Meronothite: <span class="ver">31</span>And over the flocks was Jaziz the Hagerite. All these were the rulers of the substance which was king David
s. <span class="ver">32</span>Also Jonathan David
s uncle was a counseM
llor, a wise man, and a scribe: and Jehiel the son of Hachmoni was with the king
s sons: <span class="ver">33</span>And Ahithophel was the king
s counsellor: and Hushai the Archite was the king
s companion: <span class="ver">34</span>And after Ahithophel was Jehoiada the son of Benaiah, and Abiathar: and the general of the king
<h2 id="c28">Chapter 28</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And David assembled all the princes of Israel, the princes of the tribes, and the captains of the comM
panies that ministered to the king by course, and the captains over the thousands, and captains over the hundreds, and the stewards over all the substance and possession of the king, and of his sons, with the officers, and with the mighty men, and with all the valiant men, unto Jerusalem. <span class="ver">2</span>Then David the king stood up upon his feet, and said, Hear me, my brethren, and my people: As for me, I had in mine heart to build an house of rest for the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and for the fooM
tstool of our God, and had made ready for the building: <span class="ver">3</span>But God said unto me, Thou shalt not build an house for my name, because thou hast been a man of war, and hast shed blood. <span class="ver">4</span>Howbeit the LORD God of Israel chose me before all the house of my father to be king over Israel for ever: for he hath chosen Judah to be the ruler; and of the house of Judah, the house of my father; and among the sons of my father he liked me to make me king over all Israel: <span class=M
"ver">5</span>And of all my sons, (for the LORD hath given me many sons,) he hath chosen Solomon my son to sit upon the throne of the kingdom of the LORD over Israel. <span class="ver">6</span>And he said unto me, Solomon thy son, he shall build my house and my courts: for I have chosen him to be my son, and I will be his father. <span class="ver">7</span>Moreover I will establish his kingdom for ever, if he be constant to do my commandments and my judgments, as at this day. <span class="ver">8</span>Now therefore M
in the sight of all Israel the congregation of the LORD, and in the audience of our God, keep and seek for all the commandments of the LORD your God: that ye may possess this good land, and leave it for an inheritance for your children after you for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And thou, Solomon my son, know thou the God of thy father, and serve him with a perfect heart and with a willing mind: for the LORD searcheth all hearts, and understandeth all the imaginations of the thoughts: if thou seek him, M
he will be found of thee; but if thou forsake him, he will cast thee off for ever. <span class="ver">10</span>Take heed now; for the LORD hath chosen thee to build an house for the sanctuary: be strong, and do it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Then David gave to Solomon his son the pattern of the porch, and of the houses thereof, and of the treasuries thereof, and of the upper chambers thereof, and of the inner parlours thereof, and of the place of the mercy seat, <span class="ver">12</span>And the pattern oM
f all that he had by the spirit, of the courts of the house of the LORD, and of all the chambers round about, of the treasuries of the house of God, and of the treasuries of the dedicated things: <span class="ver">13</span>Also for the courses of the priests and the Levites, and for all the work of the service of the house of the LORD, and for all the vessels of service in the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">14</span>He gave of gold by weight for things of gold, for all instruments of all manner of service; siM
lver also for all instruments of silver by weight, for all instruments of every kind of service: <span class="ver">15</span>Even the weight for the candlesticks of gold, and for their lamps of gold, by weight for every candlestick, and for the lamps thereof: and for the candlesticks of silver by weight, both for the candlestick, and also for the lamps thereof, according to the use of every candlestick. <span class="ver">16</span>And by weight he gave gold for the tables of shewbread, for every table; and likewise sM
ilver for the tables of silver: <span class="ver">17</span>Also pure gold for the fleshhooks, and the bowls, and the cups: and for the golden basons he gave gold by weight for every bason; and likewise silver by weight for every bason of silver: <span class="ver">18</span>And for the altar of incense refined gold by weight; and gold for the pattern of the chariot of the cherubims, that spread out their wings, and covered the ark of the covenant of the LORD. <span class="ver">19</span>All this, said David, the LORD M
made me understand in writing by his hand upon me, even all the works of this pattern. <span class="ver">20</span>And David said to Solomon his son, Be strong and of good courage, and do it: fear not, nor be dismayed: for the LORD God, even my God, will be with thee; he will not fail thee, nor forsake thee, until thou hast finished all the work for the service of the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">21</span>And, behold, the courses of the priests and the Levites, even they shall be with thee for all the servicM
e of the house of God: and there shall be with thee for all manner of workmanship every willing skilful man, for any manner of service: also the princes and all the people will be wholly at thy commandment.
<h2 id="c29">Chapter 29</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Furthermore David the king said unto all the congregation, Solomon my son, whom alone God hath chosen, is yet young and tender, and the work is great: for the palace is not for man, but for the LORD God. <span class="ver">2</span>Now I have preparedM
with all my might for the house of my God the gold for things to be made of gold, and the silver for things of silver, and the brass for things of brass, the iron for things of iron, and wood for things of wood; onyx stones, and stones to be set, glistering stones, and of divers colours, and all manner of precious stones, and marble stones in abundance. <span class="ver">3</span>Moreover, because I have set my affection to the house of my God, I have of mine own proper good, of gold and silver, which I have given M
to the house of my God, over and above all that I have prepared for the holy house, <span class="ver">4</span>Even three thousand talents of gold, of the gold of Ophir, and seven thousand talents of refined silver, to overlay the walls of the houses withal: <span class="ver">5</span>The gold for things of gold, and the silver for things of silver, and for all manner of work to be made by the hands of artificers. And who then is willing to consecrate his service this day unto the LORD? </p>
<p><span class="ver">6<M
/span>Then the chief of the fathers and princes of the tribes of Israel, and the captains of thousands and of hundreds, with the rulers of the king
s work, offered willingly, <span class="ver">7</span>And gave for the service of the house of God of gold five thousand talents and ten thousand drams, and of silver ten thousand talents, and of brass eighteen thousand talents, and one hundred thousand talents of iron. <span class="ver">8</span>And they with whom precious stones were found gave them to the treasure ofM
the house of the LORD, by the hand of Jehiel the Gershonite. <span class="ver">9</span>Then the people rejoiced, for that they offered willingly, because with perfect heart they offered willingly to the LORD: and David the king also rejoiced with great joy. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Wherefore David blessed the LORD before all the congregation: and David said, Blessed be thou, LORD God of Israel our father, for ever and ever. <span class="ver">11</span>Thine, O LORD, is the greatness, and the power, and M
the glory, and the victory, and the majesty: for all that is in the heaven and in the earth is thine; thine is the kingdom, O LORD, and thou art exalted as head above all. <span class="ver">12</span>Both riches and honour come of thee, and thou reignest over all; and in thine hand is power and might; and in thine hand it is to make great, and to give strength unto all. <span class="ver">13</span>Now therefore, our God, we thank thee, and praise thy glorious name. <span class="ver">14</span>But who am I, and what isM
my people, that we should be able to offer so willingly after this sort? for all things come of thee, and of thine own have we given thee. <span class="ver">15</span>For we are strangers before thee, and sojourners, as were all our fathers: our days on the earth are as a shadow, and there is none abiding. <span class="ver">16</span>O LORD our God, all this store that we have prepared to build thee an house for thine holy name cometh of thine hand, and is all thine own. <span class="ver">17</span>I know also, my GoM
d, that thou triest the heart, and hast pleasure in uprightness. As for me, in the uprightness of mine heart I have willingly offered all these things: and now have I seen with joy thy people, which are present here, to offer willingly unto thee. <span class="ver">18</span>O LORD God of Abraham, Isaac, and of Israel, our fathers, keep this for ever in the imagination of the thoughts of the heart of thy people, and prepare their heart unto thee: <span class="ver">19</span>And give unto Solomon my son a perfect heartM
, to keep thy commandments, thy testimonies, and thy statutes, and to do all these things, and to build the palace, for the which I have made provision. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And David said to all the congregation, Now bless the LORD your God. And all the congregation blessed the LORD God of their fathers, and bowed down their heads, and worshipped the LORD, and the king. <span class="ver">21</span>And they sacrificed sacrifices unto the LORD, and offered burnt offerings unto the LORD, on the morrow M
after that day, even a thousand bullocks, a thousand rams, and a thousand lambs, with their drink offerings, and sacrifices in abundance for all Israel: <span class="ver">22</span>And did eat and drink before the LORD on that day with great gladness. And they made Solomon the son of David king the second time, and anointed him unto the LORD to be the chief governor, and Zadok to be priest. <span class="ver">23</span>Then Solomon sat on the throne of the LORD as king instead of David his father, and prospered; and aM
ll Israel obeyed him. <span class="ver">24</span>And all the princes, and the mighty men, and all the sons likewise of king David, submitted themselves unto Solomon the king. <span class="ver">25</span>And the LORD magnified Solomon exceedingly in the sight of all Israel, and bestowed upon him such royal majesty as had not been on any king before him in Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>Thus David the son of Jesse reigned over all Israel. <span class="ver">27</span>And the time that he reigned over IsraeM
l was forty years; seven years reigned he in Hebron, and thirty and three years reigned he in Jerusalem. <span class="ver">28</span>And he died in a good old age, full of days, riches, and honour: and Solomon his son reigned in his stead. <span class="ver">29</span>Now the acts of David the king, first and last, behold, they are written in the book of Samuel the seer, and in the book of Nathan the prophet, and in the book of Gad the seer, <span class="ver">30</span>With all his reign and his might, and the times thL
at went over him, and over Israel, and over all the kingdoms of the countries. </p>
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<title>SECOND BOOK OF SAMUEL</title>
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SECOND BOOK OF SAMUEL
<span>otherwise called, The Second Book of the Kings</span>
<div class="content-table">
<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="#c10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="#c11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="#c12">12</a></li>
<li><a href="#c13">13</a></li>
<a href="#c14">14</a></li>
<li><a href="#c15">15</a></li>
<li><a href="#c16">16</a></li>
<li><a href="#c17">17</a></li>
<li><a href="#c18">18</a></li>
<li><a href="#c19">19</a></li>
<li><a href="#c20">20</a></li>
<li><a href="#c21">21</a></li>
<li><a href="#c22">22</a></li>
<li><a href="#c23">23</a></li>
<li><a href="#c24">24</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now it came to pass after the death of Saul, when DM
avid was returned from the slaughter of the Amalekites, and David had abode two days in Ziklag; <span class="ver">2</span>It came even to pass on the third day, that, behold, a man came out of the camp from Saul with his clothes rent, and earth upon his head: and so it was, when he came to David, that he fell to the earth, and did obeisance. <span class="ver">3</span>And David said unto him, From whence comest thou? And he said unto him, Out of the camp of Israel am I escaped. <span class="ver">4</span>And David saM
id unto him, How went the matter? I pray thee, tell me. And he answered, That the people are fled from the battle, and many of the people also are fallen and dead; and Saul and Jonathan his son are dead also. <span class="ver">5</span>And David said unto the young man that told him, How knowest thou that Saul and Jonathan his son be dead? <span class="ver">6</span>And the young man that told him said, As I happened by chance upon mount Gilboa, behold, Saul leaned upon his spear; and, lo, the chariots and horsemen fM
ollowed hard after him. <span class="ver">7</span>And when he looked behind him, he saw me, and called unto me. And I answered, Here am I. <span class="ver">8</span>And he said unto me, Who art thou? And I answered him, I am an Amalekite. <span class="ver">9</span>He said unto me again, Stand, I pray thee, upon me, and slay me: for anguish is come upon me, because my life is yet whole in me. <span class="ver">10</span>So I stood upon him, and slew him, because I was sure that he could not live after that he was falM
len: and I took the crown that was upon his head, and the bracelet that was on his arm, and have brought them hither unto my lord. <span class="ver">11</span>Then David took hold on his clothes, and rent them; and likewise all the men that were with him: <span class="ver">12</span>And they mourned, and wept, and fasted until even, for Saul, and for Jonathan his son, and for the people of the LORD, and for the house of Israel; because they were fallen by the sword. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And David saidM
unto the young man that told him, Whence art thou? And he answered, I am the son of a stranger, an Amalekite. <span class="ver">14</span>And David said unto him, How wast thou not afraid to stretch forth thine hand to destroy the LORD
s anointed? <span class="ver">15</span>And David called one of the young men, and said, Go near, and fall upon him. And he smote him that he died. <span class="ver">16</span>And David said unto him, Thy blood be upon thy head; for thy mouth hath testified against thee, saying, I haM
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And David lamented with this lamentation over Saul and over Jonathan his son: <span class="ver">18</span>(Also he bade them teach the children of Judah the use of the bow: behold, it is written in the book of Jasher.) <span class="ver">19</span>The beauty of Israel is slain upon thy high places: how are the mighty fallen! <span class="ver">20</span>Tell it not in Gath, publish it not in the streets of Askelon; lest the daughters of the PhilistinesM
rejoice, lest the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph. <span class="ver">21</span>Ye mountains of Gilboa, let there be no dew, neither let there be rain, upon you, nor fields of offerings: for there the shield of the mighty is vilely cast away, the shield of Saul, as though he had not been anointed with oil. <span class="ver">22</span>From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan turned not back, and the sword of Saul returned not empty. <span class="ver">23</span>Saul and JonathaM
n were lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in their death they were not divided: they were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions. <span class="ver">24</span>Ye daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, who clothed you in scarlet, with other delights, who put on ornaments of gold upon your apparel. <span class="ver">25</span>How are the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle! O Jonathan, thou wast slain in thine high places. <span class="ver">26</span>I am distressed for thee, my brother Jonathan: veryM
pleasant hast thou been unto me: thy love to me was wonderful, passing the love of women. <span class="ver">27</span>How are the mighty fallen, and the weapons of war perished!
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass after this, that David enquired of the LORD, saying, Shall I go up into any of the cities of Judah? And the LORD said unto him, Go up. And David said, Whither shall I go up? And he said, Unto Hebron. <span class="ver">2</span>So David went up thither, and his M
two wives also, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail Nabal
s wife the Carmelite. <span class="ver">3</span>And his men that were with him did David bring up, every man with his household: and they dwelt in the cities of Hebron. <span class="ver">4</span>And the men of Judah came, and there they anointed David king over the house of Judah. And they told David, saying, That the men of Jabesh-gilead were they that buried Saul. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And David sent messengers unto the men of Jabesh-gileM
ad, and said unto them, Blessed be ye of the LORD, that ye have shewed this kindness unto your lord, even unto Saul, and have buried him. <span class="ver">6</span>And now the LORD shew kindness and truth unto you: and I also will requite you this kindness, because ye have done this thing. <span class="ver">7</span>Therefore now let your hands be strengthened, and be ye valiant: for your master Saul is dead, and also the house of Judah have anointed me king over them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>But Abner tM
he son of Ner, captain of Saul
s host, took Ish-bosheth the son of Saul, and brought him over to Mahanaim; <span class="ver">9</span>And made him king over Gilead, and over the Ashurites, and over Jezreel, and over Ephraim, and over Benjamin, and over all Israel. <span class="ver">10</span>Ish-bosheth Saul
s son was forty years old when he began to reign over Israel, and reigned two years. But the house of Judah followed David. <span class="ver">11</span>And the time that David was king in Hebron over the houseM
of Judah was seven years and six months. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And Abner the son of Ner, and the servants of Ish-bosheth the son of Saul, went out from Mahanaim to Gibeon. <span class="ver">13</span>And Joab the son of Zeruiah, and the servants of David, went out, and met together by the pool of Gibeon: and they sat down, the one on the one side of the pool, and the other on the other side of the pool. <span class="ver">14</span>And Abner said to Joab, Let the young men now arise, and play before usM
. And Joab said, Let them arise. <span class="ver">15</span>Then there arose and went over by number twelve of Benjamin, which pertained to Ish-bosheth the son of Saul, and twelve of the servants of David. <span class="ver">16</span>And they caught every one his fellow by the head, and thrust his sword in his fellow
s side; so they fell down together: wherefore that place was called Helkath-hazzurim, which is in Gibeon. <span class="ver">17</span>And there was a very sore battle that day; and Abner was beaten, anM
d the men of Israel, before the servants of David. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And there were three sons of Zeruiah there, Joab, and Abishai, and Asahel: and Asahel was as light of foot as a wild roe. <span class="ver">19</span>And Asahel pursued after Abner; and in going he turned not to the right hand nor to the left from following Abner. <span class="ver">20</span>Then Abner looked behind him, and said, Art thou Asahel? And he answered, I am. <span class="ver">21</span>And Abner said to him, Turn thee aM
side to thy right hand or to thy left, and lay thee hold on one of the young men, and take thee his armour. But Asahel would not turn aside from following of him. <span class="ver">22</span>And Abner said again to Asahel, Turn thee aside from following me: wherefore should I smite thee to the ground? how then should I hold up my face to Joab thy brother? <span class="ver">23</span>Howbeit he refused to turn aside: wherefore Abner with the hinder end of the spear smote him under the fifth rib, that the spear came ouM
t behind him; and he fell down there, and died in the same place: and it came to pass, that as many as came to the place where Asahel fell down and died stood still. <span class="ver">24</span>Joab also and Abishai pursued after Abner: and the sun went down when they were come to the hill of Ammah, that lieth before Giah by the way of the wilderness of Gibeon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And the children of Benjamin gathered themselves together after Abner, and became one troop, and stood on the top of an M
hill. <span class="ver">26</span>Then Abner called to Joab, and said, Shall the sword devour for ever? knowest thou not that it will be bitterness in the latter end? how long shall it be then, ere thou bid the people return from following their brethren? <span class="ver">27</span>And Joab said, As God liveth, unless thou hadst spoken, surely then in the morning the people had gone up every one from following his brother. <span class="ver">28</span>So Joab blew a trumpet, and all the people stood still, and pursuedM
after Israel no more, neither fought they any more. <span class="ver">29</span>And Abner and his men walked all that night through the plain, and passed over Jordan, and went through all Bithron, and they came to Mahanaim. <span class="ver">30</span>And Joab returned from following Abner: and when he had gathered all the people together, there lacked of David
s servants nineteen men and Asahel. <span class="ver">31</span>But the servants of David had smitten of Benjamin, and of Abner
s men, so that three hundrM
ed and threescore men died. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>And they took up Asahel, and buried him in the sepulchre of his father, which was in Beth-lehem. And Joab and his men went all night, and they came to Hebron at break of day.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now there was long war between the house of Saul and the house of David: but David waxed stronger and stronger, and the house of Saul waxed weaker and weaker. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>And unto David were sonM
s born in Hebron: and his firstborn was Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess; <span class="ver">3</span>And his second, Chileab, of Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite; and the third, Absalom the son of Maacah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur; <span class="ver">4</span>And the fourth, Adonijah the son of Haggith; and the fifth, Shephatiah the son of Abital; <span class="ver">5</span>And the sixth, Ithream, by Eglah David
s wife. These were born to David in Hebron. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And itM
came to pass, while there was war between the house of Saul and the house of David, that Abner made himself strong for the house of Saul. <span class="ver">7</span>And Saul had a concubine, whose name was Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah: and Ish-bosheth said to Abner, Wherefore hast thou gone in unto my father
s concubine? <span class="ver">8</span>Then was Abner very wroth for the words of Ish-bosheth, and said, Am I a dog
s head, which against Judah do shew kindness this day unto the house of Saul thy father, tM
o his brethren, and to his friends, and have not delivered thee into the hand of David, that thou chargest me to day with a fault concerning this woman? <span class="ver">9</span>So do God to Abner, and more also, except, as the LORD hath sworn to David, even so I do to him; <span class="ver">10</span>To translate the kingdom from the house of Saul, and to set up the throne of David over Israel and over Judah, from Dan even to Beer-sheba. <span class="ver">11</span>And he could not answer Abner a word again, becausM
e he feared him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And Abner sent messengers to David on his behalf, saying, Whose is the land? saying also, Make thy league with me, and, behold, my hand shall be with thee, to bring about all Israel unto thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And he said, Well; I will make a league with thee: but one thing I require of thee, that is, Thou shalt not see my face, except thou first bring Michal Saul
s daughter, when thou comest to see my face. <span class="ver">14</span>And DM
avid sent messengers to Ish-bosheth Saul
s son, saying, Deliver me my wife Michal, which I espoused to me for an hundred foreskins of the Philistines. <span class="ver">15</span>And Ish-bosheth sent, and took her from her husband, even from Phaltiel the son of Laish. <span class="ver">16</span>And her husband went with her along weeping behind her to Bahurim. Then said Abner unto him, Go, return. And he returned. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And Abner had communication with the elders of Israel, saying, YM
e sought for David in times past to be king over you: <span class="ver">18</span>Now then do it: for the LORD hath spoken of David, saying, By the hand of my servant David I will save my people Israel out of the hand of the Philistines, and out of the hand of all their enemies. <span class="ver">19</span>And Abner also spake in the ears of Benjamin: and Abner went also to speak in the ears of David in Hebron all that seemed good to Israel, and that seemed good to the whole house of Benjamin. <span class="ver">20</sM
pan>So Abner came to David to Hebron, and twenty men with him. And David made Abner and the men that were with him a feast. <span class="ver">21</span>And Abner said unto David, I will arise and go, and will gather all Israel unto my lord the king, that they may make a league with thee, and that thou mayest reign over all that thine heart desireth. And David sent Abner away; and he went in peace. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And, behold, the servants of David and Joab came from pursuing a troop, and broughtM
in a great spoil with them: but Abner was not with David in Hebron; for he had sent him away, and he was gone in peace. <span class="ver">23</span>When Joab and all the host that was with him were come, they told Joab, saying, Abner the son of Ner came to the king, and he hath sent him away, and he is gone in peace. <span class="ver">24</span>Then Joab came to the king, and said, What hast thou done? behold, Abner came unto thee; why is it that thou hast sent him away, and he is quite gone? <span class="ver">25</sM
pan>Thou knowest Abner the son of Ner, that he came to deceive thee, and to know thy going out and thy coming in, and to know all that thou doest. <span class="ver">26</span>And when Joab was come out from David, he sent messengers after Abner, which brought him again from the well of Sirah: but David knew it not. <span class="ver">27</span>And when Abner was returned to Hebron, Joab took him aside in the gate to speak with him quietly, and smote him there under the fifth rib, that he died, for the blood of Asahel M
<p><span class="ver">28</span>And afterward when David heard it, he said, I and my kingdom are guiltless before the LORD for ever from the blood of Abner the son of Ner: <span class="ver">29</span>Let it rest on the head of Joab, and on all his father
s house; and let there not fail from the house of Joab one that hath an issue, or that is a leper, or that leaneth on a staff, or that falleth on the sword, or that lacketh bread. <span class="ver">30</span>So Joab and Abishai his brother slew AbM
ner, because he had slain their brother Asahel at Gibeon in the battle. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>And David said to Joab, and to all the people that were with him, Rend your clothes, and gird you with sackcloth, and mourn before Abner. And king David himself followed the bier. <span class="ver">32</span>And they buried Abner in Hebron: and the king lifted up his voice, and wept at the grave of Abner; and all the people wept. <span class="ver">33</span>And the king lamented over Abner, and said, Died AbneM
r as a fool dieth? <span class="ver">34</span>Thy hands were not bound, nor thy feet put into fetters: as a man falleth before wicked men, so fellest thou. And all the people wept again over him. <span class="ver">35</span>And when all the people came to cause David to eat meat while it was yet day, David sware, saying, So do God to me, and more also, if I taste bread, or ought else, till the sun be down. <span class="ver">36</span>And all the people took notice of it, and it pleased them: as whatsoever the king diM
d pleased all the people. <span class="ver">37</span>For all the people and all Israel understood that day that it was not of the king to slay Abner the son of Ner. <span class="ver">38</span>And the king said unto his servants, Know ye not that there is a prince and a great man fallen this day in Israel? <span class="ver">39</span>And I am this day weak, though anointed king; and these men the sons of Zeruiah be too hard for me: the LORD shall reward the doer of evil according to his wickedness.
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And when Saul
s son heard that Abner was dead in Hebron, his hands were feeble, and all the Israelites were troubled. <span class="ver">2</span>And Saul
s son had two men that were captains of bands: the name of the one was Baanah, and the name of the other Rechab, the sons of Rimmon a Beerothite, of the children of Benjamin: (for Beeroth also was reckoned to Benjamin: <span class="ver">3</span>And the Beerothites fled to Gittaim, and were sojourners there until this M
day.) <span class="ver">4</span>And Jonathan, Saul
s son, had a son that was lame of his feet. He was five years old when the tidings came of Saul and Jonathan out of Jezreel, and his nurse took him up, and fled: and it came to pass, as she made haste to flee, that he fell, and became lame. And his name was Mephibosheth. <span class="ver">5</span>And the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, Rechab and Baanah, went, and came about the heat of the day to the house of Ish-bosheth, who lay on a bed at noon. <span class="veM
r">6</span>And they came thither into the midst of the house, as though they would have fetched wheat; and they smote him under the fifth rib: and Rechab and Baanah his brother escaped. <span class="ver">7</span>For when they came into the house, he lay on his bed in his bedchamber, and they smote him, and slew him, and beheaded him, and took his head, and gat them away through the plain all night. <span class="ver">8</span>And they brought the head of Ish-bosheth unto David to Hebron, and said to the king, Behold M
the head of Ish-bosheth the son of Saul thine enemy, which sought thy life; and the LORD hath avenged my lord the king this day of Saul, and of his seed. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And David answered Rechab and Baanah his brother, the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, and said unto them, As the LORD liveth, who hath redeemed my soul out of all adversity, <span class="ver">10</span>When one told me, saying, Behold, Saul is dead, thinking to have brought good tidings, I took hold of him, and slew him in Ziklag,M
who thought that I would have given him a reward for his tidings: <span class="ver">11</span>How much more, when wicked men have slain a righteous person in his own house upon his bed? shall I not therefore now require his blood of your hand, and take you away from the earth? <span class="ver">12</span>And David commanded his young men, and they slew them, and cut off their hands and their feet, and hanged them up over the pool in Hebron. But they took the head of Ish-bosheth, and buried it in the sepulchre of AbnM
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then came all the tribes of Israel to David unto Hebron, and spake, saying, Behold, we are thy bone and thy flesh. <span class="ver">2</span>Also in time past, when Saul was king over us, thou wast he that leddest out and broughtest in Israel: and the LORD said to thee, Thou shalt feed my people Israel, and thou shalt be a captain over Israel. <span class="ver">3</span>So all the elders of Israel came to the king to Hebron; and king David mM
ade a league with them in Hebron before the LORD: and they anointed David king over Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years. <span class="ver">5</span>In Hebron he reigned over Judah seven years and six months: and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty and three years over all Israel and Judah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And the king and his men went to Jerusalem unto the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land: which spake unto DaviM
d, saying, Except thou take away the blind and the lame, thou shalt not come in hither: thinking, David cannot come in hither. <span class="ver">7</span>Nevertheless David took the strong hold of Zion: the same is the city of David. <span class="ver">8</span>And David said on that day, Whosoever getteth up to the gutter, and smiteth the Jebusites, and the lame and the blind, that are hated of David
s soul, he shall be chief and captain. Wherefore they said, The blind and the lame shall not come into the house. <sM
pan class="ver">9</span>So David dwelt in the fort, and called it the city of David. And David built round about from Millo and inward. <span class="ver">10</span>And David went on, and grew great, and the LORD God of hosts was with him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and cedar trees, and carpenters, and masons: and they built David an house. <span class="ver">12</span>And David perceived that the LORD had established him king over Israel, and that he had exaltM
ed his kingdom for his people Israel
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And David took him more concubines and wives out of Jerusalem, after he was come from Hebron: and there were yet sons and daughters born to David. <span class="ver">14</span>And these be the names of those that were born unto him in Jerusalem; Shammua, and Shobab, and Nathan, and Solomon, <span class="ver">15</span>Ibhar also, and Elishua, and Nepheg, and Japhia, <span class="ver">16</span>And Elishama, and Eliada, and Eliphalet. </M
<p><span class="ver">17</span>But when the Philistines heard that they had anointed David king over Israel, all the Philistines came up to seek David; and David heard of it, and went down to the hold. <span class="ver">18</span>The Philistines also came and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim. <span class="ver">19</span>And David enquired of the LORD, saying, Shall I go up to the Philistines? wilt thou deliver them into mine hand? And the LORD said unto David, Go up: for I will doubtless deliver the PhiM
listines into thine hand. <span class="ver">20</span>And David came to Baal-perazim, and David smote them there, and said, The LORD hath broken forth upon mine enemies before me, as the breach of waters. Therefore he called the name of that place Baal-perazim. <span class="ver">21</span>And there they left their images, and David and his men burned them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And the Philistines came up yet again, and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim. <span class="ver">23</span>And when DavM
id enquired of the LORD, he said, Thou shalt not go up; but fetch a compass behind them, and come upon them over against the mulberry trees. <span class="ver">24</span>And let it be, when thou hearest the sound of a going in the tops of the mulberry trees, that then thou shalt bestir thyself: for then shall the LORD go out before thee, to smite the host of the Philistines. <span class="ver">25</span>And David did so, as the LORD had commanded him; and smote the Philistines from Geba until thou come to Gazer.
id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Again, David gathered together all the chosen men of Israel, thirty thousand. <span class="ver">2</span>And David arose, and went with all the people that were with him from Baale of Judah, to bring up from thence the ark of God, whose name is called by the name of the LORD of hosts that dwelleth between the cherubims. <span class="ver">3</span>And they set the ark of God upon a new cart, and brought it out of the house of Abinadab that was in Gibeah: and UzzaM
h and Ahio, the sons of Abinadab, drave the new cart. <span class="ver">4</span>And they brought it out of the house of Abinadab which was at Gibeah, accompanying the ark of God: and Ahio went before the ark. <span class="ver">5</span>And David and all the house of Israel played before the LORD on all manner of instruments made of fir wood, even on harps, and on psalteries, and on timbrels, and on cornets, and on cymbals. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And when they came to Nachon
s threshingfloor, Uzzah putM
forth his hand to the ark of God, and took hold of it; for the oxen shook it. <span class="ver">7</span>And the anger of the LORD was kindled against Uzzah; and God smote him there for his error; and there he died by the ark of God. <span class="ver">8</span>And David was displeased, because the LORD had made a breach upon Uzzah: and he called the name of the place Perez-uzzah to this day. <span class="ver">9</span>And David was afraid of the LORD that day, and said, How shall the ark of the LORD come to me? <spanM
class="ver">10</span>So David would not remove the ark of the LORD unto him into the city of David: but David carried it aside into the house of Obed-edom the Gittite. <span class="ver">11</span>And the ark of the LORD continued in the house of Obed-edom the Gittite three months: and the LORD blessed Obed-edom, and all his household. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And it was told king David, saying, The LORD hath blessed the house of Obed-edom, and all that pertaineth unto him, because of the ark of God. So M
David went and brought up the ark of God from the house of Obed-edom into the city of David with gladness. <span class="ver">13</span>And it was so, that when they that bare the ark of the LORD had gone six paces, he sacrificed oxen and fatlings. <span class="ver">14</span>And David danced before the LORD with all his might; and David was girded with a linen ephod. <span class="ver">15</span>So David and all the house of Israel brought up the ark of the LORD with shouting, and with the sound of the trumpet. <span cM
lass="ver">16</span>And as the ark of the LORD came into the city of David, Michal Saul
s daughter looked through a window, and saw king David leaping and dancing before the LORD; and she despised him in her heart. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And they brought in the ark of the LORD, and set it in his place, in the midst of the tabernacle that David had pitched for it: and David offered burnt offerings and peace offerings before the LORD. <span class="ver">18</span>And as soon as David had made an end of M
offering burnt offerings and peace offerings, he blessed the people in the name of the LORD of hosts. <span class="ver">19</span>And he dealt among all the people, even among the whole multitude of Israel, as well to the women as men, to every one a cake of bread, and a good piece of flesh, and a flagon of wine. So all the people departed every one to his house. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Then David returned to bless his household. And Michal the daughter of Saul came out to meet David, and said, How glorM
ious was the king of Israel to day, who uncovered himself to day in the eyes of the handmaids of his servants, as one of the vain fellows shamelessly uncovereth himself! <span class="ver">21</span>And David said unto Michal, It was before the LORD, which chose me before thy father, and before all his house, to appoint me ruler over the people of the LORD, over Israel: therefore will I play before the LORD. <span class="ver">22</span>And I will yet be more vile than thus, and will be base in mine own sight: and of tM
he maidservants which thou hast spoken of, of them shall I be had in honour. <span class="ver">23</span>Therefore Michal the daughter of Saul had no child unto the day of her death.
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass, when the king sat in his house, and the LORD had given him rest round about from all his enemies; <span class="ver">2</span>That the king said unto Nathan the prophet, See now, I dwell in an house of cedar, but the ark of God dwelleth within curtains. <spM
an class="ver">3</span>And Nathan said to the king, Go, do all that is in thine heart; for the LORD is with thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And it came to pass that night, that the word of the LORD came unto Nathan, saying, <span class="ver">5</span>Go and tell my servant David, Thus saith the LORD, Shalt thou build me an house for me to dwell in? <span class="ver">6</span>Whereas I have not dwelt in any house since the time that I brought up the children of Israel out of Egypt, even to this day, but haveM
walked in a tent and in a tabernacle. <span class="ver">7</span>In all the places wherein I have walked with all the children of Israel spake I a word with any of the tribes of Israel, whom I commanded to feed my people Israel, saying, Why build ye not me an house of cedar? <span class="ver">8</span>Now therefore so shalt thou say unto my servant David, Thus saith the LORD of hosts, I took thee from the sheepcote, from following the sheep, to be ruler over my people, over Israel: <span class="ver">9</span>And I waM
s with thee whithersoever thou wentest, and have cut off all thine enemies out of thy sight, and have made thee a great name, like unto the name of the great men that are in the earth. <span class="ver">10</span>Moreover I will appoint a place for my people Israel, and will plant them, that they may dwell in a place of their own, and move no more; neither shall the children of wickedness afflict them any more, as beforetime, <span class="ver">11</span>And as since the time that I commanded judges to be over my peopM
le Israel, and have caused thee to rest from all thine enemies. Also the LORD telleth thee that he will make thee an house. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And when thy days be fulfilled, and thou shalt sleep with thy fathers, I will set up thy seed after thee, which shall proceed out of thy bowels, and I will establish his kingdom. <span class="ver">13</span>He shall build an house for my name, and I will stablish the throne of his kingdom for ever. <span class="ver">14</span>I will be his father, and he shalM
l be my son. If he commit iniquity, I will chasten him with the rod of men, and with the stripes of the children of men: <span class="ver">15</span>But my mercy shall not depart away from him, as I took it from Saul, whom I put away before thee. <span class="ver">16</span>And thine house and thy kingdom shall be established for ever before thee: thy throne shall be established for ever. <span class="ver">17</span>According to all these words, and according to all this vision, so did Nathan speak unto David. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Then went king David in, and sat before the LORD, and he said, Who am I, O Lord GOD? and what is my house, that thou hast brought me hitherto? <span class="ver">19</span>And this was yet a small thing in thy sight, O Lord GOD; but thou hast spoken also of thy servant
s house for a great while to come. And is this the manner of man, O Lord GOD? <span class="ver">20</span>And what can David say more unto thee? for thou, Lord GOD, knowest thy servant. <span class="ver">21</span>For thy M
s sake, and according to thine own heart, hast thou done all these great things, to make thy servant know them. <span class="ver">22</span>Wherefore thou art great, O LORD God: for there is none like thee, neither is there any God beside thee, according to all that we have heard with our ears. <span class="ver">23</span>And what one nation in the earth is like thy people, even like Israel, whom God went to redeem for a people to himself, and to make him a name, and to do for you great things and terrible, foM
r thy land, before thy people, which thou redeemedst to thee from Egypt, from the nations and their gods? <span class="ver">24</span>For thou hast confirmed to thyself thy people Israel to be a people unto thee for ever: and thou, LORD, art become their God. <span class="ver">25</span>And now, O LORD God, the word that thou hast spoken concerning thy servant, and concerning his house, establish it for ever, and do as thou hast said. <span class="ver">26</span>And let thy name be magnified for ever, saying, The LORDM
of hosts is the God over Israel: and let the house of thy servant David be established before thee. <span class="ver">27</span>For thou, O LORD of hosts, God of Israel, hast revealed to thy servant, saying, I will build thee an house: therefore hath thy servant found in his heart to pray this prayer unto thee. <span class="ver">28</span>And now, O Lord GOD, thou art that God, and thy words be true, and thou hast promised this goodness unto thy servant: <span class="ver">29</span>Therefore now let it please thee toM
bless the house of thy servant, that it may continue for ever before thee: for thou, O Lord GOD, hast spoken it: and with thy blessing let the house of thy servant be blessed for ever.
<h2 id="c8">Chapter 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And after this it came to pass, that David smote the Philistines, and subdued them: and David took Metheg-ammah out of the hand of the Philistines. <span class="ver">2</span>And he smote Moab, and measured them with a line, casting them down to the ground; even with two lM
ines measured he to put to death, and with one full line to keep alive. And so the Moabites became David
s servants, and brought gifts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>David smote also Hadadezer, the son of Rehob, king of Zobah, as he went to recover his border at the river Euphrates. <span class="ver">4</span>And David took from him a thousand chariots, and seven hundred horsemen, and twenty thousand footmen: and David houghed all the chariot horses, but reserved of them for an hundred chariots. <span class=M
"ver">5</span>And when the Syrians of Damascus came to succour Hadadezer king of Zobah, David slew of the Syrians two and twenty thousand men. <span class="ver">6</span>Then David put garrisons in Syria of Damascus: and the Syrians became servants to David, and brought gifts. And the LORD preserved David whithersoever he went. <span class="ver">7</span>And David took the shields of gold that were on the servants of Hadadezer, and brought them to Jerusalem. <span class="ver">8</span>And from Betah, and from BerothaiM
, cities of Hadadezer, king David took exceeding much brass. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>When Toi king of Hamath heard that David had smitten all the host of Hadadezer, <span class="ver">10</span>Then Toi sent Joram his son unto king David, to salute him, and to bless him, because he had fought against Hadadezer, and smitten him: for Hadadezer had wars with Toi. And Joram brought with him vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and vessels of brass: <span class="ver">11</span>Which also king David did dedicM
ate unto the LORD, with the silver and gold that he had dedicated of all nations which he subdued; <span class="ver">12</span>Of Syria, and of Moab, and of the children of Ammon, and of the Philistines, and of Amalek, and of the spoil of Hadadezer, son of Rehob, king of Zobah. <span class="ver">13</span>And David gat him a name when he returned from smiting of the Syrians in the valley of salt, being eighteen thousand men. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And he put garrisons in Edom; throughout all Edom put heM
garrisons, and all they of Edom became David
s servants. And the LORD preserved David whithersoever he went. <span class="ver">15</span>And David reigned over all Israel; and David executed judgment and justice unto all his people. <span class="ver">16</span>And Joab the son of Zeruiah was over the host; and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was recorder; <span class="ver">17</span>And Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, were the priests; and Seraiah was the scribe; <span class="ver">18</spanM
>And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over both the Cherethites and the Pelethites; and David
s sons were chief rulers.
<h2 id="c9">Chapter 9</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And David said, Is there yet any that is left of the house of Saul, that I may shew him kindness for Jonathan
s sake? <span class="ver">2</span>And there was of the house of Saul a servant whose name was Ziba. And when they had called him unto David, the king said unto him, Art thou Ziba? And he said, Thy servant is he. <span class="M
ver">3</span>And the king said, Is there not yet any of the house of Saul, that I may shew the kindness of God unto him? And Ziba said unto the king, Jonathan hath yet a son, which is lame on his feet. <span class="ver">4</span>And the king said unto him, Where is he? And Ziba said unto the king, Behold, he is in the house of Machir, the son of Ammiel, in Lo-debar. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Then king David sent, and fetched him out of the house of Machir, the son of Ammiel, from Lo-debar. <span class="verM
">6</span>Now when Mephibosheth, the son of Jonathan, the son of Saul, was come unto David, he fell on his face, and did reverence. And David said, Mephibosheth. And he answered, Behold thy servant! </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And David said unto him, Fear not: for I will surely shew thee kindness for Jonathan thy father
s sake, and will restore thee all the land of Saul thy father; and thou shalt eat bread at my table continually. <span class="ver">8</span>And he bowed himself, and said, What is thy servM
ant, that thou shouldest look upon such a dead dog as I am? </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Then the king called to Ziba, Saul
s servant, and said unto him, I have given unto thy master
s son all that pertained to Saul and to all his house. <span class="ver">10</span>Thou therefore, and thy sons, and thy servants, shall till the land for him, and thou shalt bring in the fruits, that thy master
s son may have food to eat: but Mephibosheth thy master
s son shall eat bread alway at my table. Now Ziba had fM
ifteen sons and twenty servants. <span class="ver">11</span>Then said Ziba unto the king, According to all that my lord the king hath commanded his servant, so shall thy servant do. As for Mephibosheth, said the king, he shall eat at my table, as one of the king
s sons. <span class="ver">12</span>And Mephibosheth had a young son, whose name was Micha. And all that dwelt in the house of Ziba were servants unto Mephibosheth. <span class="ver">13</span>So Mephibosheth dwelt in Jerusalem: for he did eat continually aM
s table; and was lame on both his feet.
<h2 id="c10">Chapter 10</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass after this, that the king of the children of Ammon died, and Hanun his son reigned in his stead. <span class="ver">2</span>Then said David, I will shew kindness unto Hanun the son of Nahash, as his father shewed kindness unto me. And David sent to comfort him by the hand of his servants for his father. And David
s servants came into the land of the children of Ammon. <span classM
="ver">3</span>And the princes of the children of Ammon said unto Hanun their lord, Thinkest thou that David doth honour thy father, that he hath sent comforters unto thee? hath not David rather sent his servants unto thee, to search the city, and to spy it out, and to overthrow it? <span class="ver">4</span>Wherefore Hanun took David
s servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, even to their buttocks, and sent them away. <span class="ver">5</span>When they toM
ld it unto David, he sent to meet them, because the men were greatly ashamed: and the king said, Tarry at Jericho until your beards be grown, and then return. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And when the children of Ammon saw that they stank before David, the children of Ammon sent and hired the Syrians of Beth-rehob, and the Syrians of Zoba, twenty thousand footmen, and of king Maacah a thousand men, and of Ish-tob twelve thousand men. <span class="ver">7</span>And when David heard of it, he sent Joab, and allM
the host of the mighty men. <span class="ver">8</span>And the children of Ammon came out, and put the battle in array at the entering in of the gate: and the Syrians of Zoba, and of Rehob, and Ish-tob, and Maacah, were by themselves in the field. <span class="ver">9</span>When Joab saw that the front of the battle was against him before and behind, he chose of all the choice men of Israel, and put them in array against the Syrians: <span class="ver">10</span>And the rest of the people he delivered into the hand ofM
Abishai his brother, that he might put them in array against the children of Ammon. <span class="ver">11</span>And he said, If the Syrians be too strong for me, then thou shalt help me: but if the children of Ammon be too strong for thee, then I will come and help thee. <span class="ver">12</span>Be of good courage, and let us play the men for our people, and for the cities of our God: and the LORD do that which seemeth him good. <span class="ver">13</span>And Joab drew nigh, and the people that were with him, untM
o the battle against the Syrians: and they fled before him. <span class="ver">14</span>And when the children of Ammon saw that the Syrians were fled, then fled they also before Abishai, and entered into the city. So Joab returned from the children of Ammon, and came to Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And when the Syrians saw that they were smitten before Israel, they gathered themselves together. <span class="ver">16</span>And Hadarezer sent, and brought out the Syrians that were beyond the river: aM
nd they came to Helam; and Shobach the captain of the host of Hadarezer went before them. <span class="ver">17</span>And when it was told David, he gathered all Israel together, and passed over Jordan, and came to Helam. And the Syrians set themselves in array against David, and fought with him. <span class="ver">18</span>And the Syrians fled before Israel; and David slew the men of seven hundred chariots of the Syrians, and forty thousand horsemen, and smote Shobach the captain of their host, who died there. <spanM
class="ver">19</span>And when all the kings that were servants to Hadarezer saw that they were smitten before Israel, they made peace with Israel, and served them. So the Syrians feared to help the children of Ammon any more.
<h2 id="c11">Chapter 11</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass, after the year was expired, at the time when kings go forth to battle, that David sent Joab, and his servants with him, and all Israel; and they destroyed the children of Ammon, and besieged Rabbah. But DavidM
tarried still at Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>And it came to pass in an eveningtide, that David arose from off his bed, and walked upon the roof of the king
s house: and from the roof he saw a woman washing herself; and the woman was very beautiful to look upon. <span class="ver">3</span>And David sent and enquired after the woman. And one said, Is not this Bath-sheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite? <span class="ver">4</span>And David sent messengers, and took her; and shM
e came in unto him, and he lay with her; for she was purified from her uncleanness: and she returned unto her house. <span class="ver">5</span>And the woman conceived, and sent and told David, and said, I am with child. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And David sent to Joab, saying, Send me Uriah the Hittite. And Joab sent Uriah to David. <span class="ver">7</span>And when Uriah was come unto him, David demanded of him how Joab did, and how the people did, and how the war prospered. <span class="ver">8</span>AnM
d David said to Uriah, Go down to thy house, and wash thy feet. And Uriah departed out of the king
s house, and there followed him a mess of meat from the king. <span class="ver">9</span>But Uriah slept at the door of the king
s house with all the servants of his lord, and went not down to his house. <span class="ver">10</span>And when they had told David, saying, Uriah went not down unto his house, David said unto Uriah, Camest thou not from thy journey? why then didst thou not go down unto thine house? <span M
class="ver">11</span>And Uriah said unto David, The ark, and Israel, and Judah, abide in tents; and my lord Joab, and the servants of my lord, are encamped in the open fields; shall I then go into mine house, to eat and to drink, and to lie with my wife? as thou livest, and as thy soul liveth, I will not do this thing. <span class="ver">12</span>And David said to Uriah, Tarry here to day also, and to morrow I will let thee depart. So Uriah abode in Jerusalem that day, and the morrow. <span class="ver">13</span>And M
when David had called him, he did eat and drink before him; and he made him drunk: and at even he went out to lie on his bed with the servants of his lord, but went not down to his house. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And it came to pass in the morning, that David wrote a letter to Joab, and sent it by the hand of Uriah. <span class="ver">15</span>And he wrote in the letter, saying, Set ye Uriah in the forefront of the hottest battle, and retire ye from him, that he may be smitten, and die. <span class="ver"M
>16</span>And it came to pass, when Joab observed the city, that he assigned Uriah unto a place where he knew that valiant men were. <span class="ver">17</span>And the men of the city went out, and fought with Joab: and there fell some of the people of the servants of David; and Uriah the Hittite died also. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Then Joab sent and told David all the things concerning the war; <span class="ver">19</span>And charged the messenger, saying, When thou hast made an end of telling the matteM
rs of the war unto the king, <span class="ver">20</span>And if so be that the king
s wrath arise, and he say unto thee, Wherefore approached ye so nigh unto the city when ye did fight? knew ye not that they would shoot from the wall? <span class="ver">21</span>Who smote Abimelech the son of Jerubbesheth? did not a woman cast a piece of a millstone upon him from the wall, that he died in Thebez? why went ye nigh the wall? then say thou, Thy servant Uriah the Hittite is dead also. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</spM
an>So the messenger went, and came and shewed David all that Joab had sent him for. <span class="ver">23</span>And the messenger said unto David, Surely the men prevailed against us, and came out unto us into the field, and we were upon them even unto the entering of the gate. <span class="ver">24</span>And the shooters shot from off the wall upon thy servants; and some of the king
s servants be dead, and thy servant Uriah the Hittite is dead also. <span class="ver">25</span>Then David said unto the messenger, ThM
us shalt thou say unto Joab, Let not this thing displease thee, for the sword devoureth one as well as another: make thy battle more strong against the city, and overthrow it: and encourage thou him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>And when the wife of Uriah heard that Uriah her husband was dead, she mourned for her husband. <span class="ver">27</span>And when the mourning was past, David sent and fetched her to his house, and she became his wife, and bare him a son. But the thing that David had done displeaseM
<h2 id="c12">Chapter 12</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD sent Nathan unto David. And he came unto him, and said unto him, There were two men in one city; the one rich, and the other poor. <span class="ver">2</span>The rich man had exceeding many flocks and herds: <span class="ver">3</span>But the poor man had nothing, save one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and nourished up: and it grew up together with him, and with his children; it did eat of his own meat, and drank of his owM
n cup, and lay in his bosom, and was unto him as a daughter. <span class="ver">4</span>And there came a traveller unto the rich man, and he spared to take of his own flock and of his own herd, to dress for the wayfaring man that was come unto him; but took the poor man
s lamb, and dressed it for the man that was come to him. <span class="ver">5</span>And David
s anger was greatly kindled against the man; and he said to Nathan, As the LORD liveth, the man that hath done this thing shall surely die: <span class="M
ver">6</span>And he shall restore the lamb fourfold, because he did this thing, and because he had no pity. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And Nathan said to David, Thou art the man. Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, I anointed thee king over Israel, and I delivered thee out of the hand of Saul; <span class="ver">8</span>And I gave thee thy master
s house, and thy master
s wives into thy bosom, and gave thee the house of Israel and of Judah; and if that had been too little, I would moreover have given untM
o thee such and such things. <span class="ver">9</span>Wherefore hast thou despised the commandment of the LORD, to do evil in his sight? thou hast killed Uriah the Hittite with the sword, and hast taken his wife to be thy wife, and hast slain him with the sword of the children of Ammon. <span class="ver">10</span>Now therefore the sword shall never depart from thine house; because thou hast despised me, and hast taken the wife of Uriah the Hittite to be thy wife. <span class="ver">11</span>Thus saith the LORD, BehM
old, I will raise up evil against thee out of thine own house, and I will take thy wives before thine eyes, and give them unto thy neighbour, and he shall lie with thy wives in the sight of this sun. <span class="ver">12</span>For thou didst it secretly: but I will do this thing before all Israel, and before the sun. <span class="ver">13</span>And David said unto Nathan, I have sinned against the LORD. And Nathan said unto David, The LORD also hath put away thy sin; thou shalt not die. <span class="ver">14</span>HoM
wbeit, because by this deed thou hast given great occasion to the enemies of the LORD to blaspheme, the child also that is born unto thee shall surely die. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And Nathan departed unto his house. And the LORD struck the child that Uriah
s wife bare unto David, and it was very sick. <span class="ver">16</span>David therefore besought God for the child; and David fasted, and went in, and lay all night upon the earth. <span class="ver">17</span>And the elders of his house arose, and M
went to him, to raise him up from the earth: but he would not, neither did he eat bread with them. <span class="ver">18</span>And it came to pass on the seventh day, that the child died. And the servants of David feared to tell him that the child was dead: for they said, Behold, while the child was yet alive, we spake unto him, and he would not hearken unto our voice: how will he then vex himself, if we tell him that the child is dead? <span class="ver">19</span>But when David saw that his servants whispered, DavidM
perceived that the child was dead: therefore David said unto his servants, Is the child dead? And they said, He is dead. <span class="ver">20</span>Then David arose from the earth, and washed, and anointed himself, and changed his apparel, and came into the house of the LORD, and worshipped: then he came to his own house; and when he required, they set bread before him, and he did eat. <span class="ver">21</span>Then said his servants unto him, What thing is this that thou hast done? thou didst fast and weep for tM
he child, while it was alive; but when the child was dead, thou didst rise and eat bread. <span class="ver">22</span>And he said, While the child was yet alive, I fasted and wept: for I said, Who can tell whether GOD will be gracious to me, that the child may live? <span class="ver">23</span>But now he is dead, wherefore should I fast? can I bring him back again? I shall go to him, but he shall not return to me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And David comforted Bath-sheba his wife, and went in unto her, and M
lay with her: and she bare a son, and he called his name Solomon: and the LORD loved him. <span class="ver">25</span>And he sent by the hand of Nathan the prophet; and he called his name Jedidiah, because of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>And Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and took the royal city. <span class="ver">27</span>And Joab sent messengers to David, and said, I have fought against Rabbah, and have taken the city of waters. <span class="ver">28</span>Now therefore gatheM
r the rest of the people together, and encamp against the city, and take it: lest I take the city, and it be called after my name. <span class="ver">29</span>And David gathered all the people together, and went to Rabbah, and fought against it, and took it. <span class="ver">30</span>And he took their king
s crown from off his head, the weight whereof was a talent of gold with the precious stones: and it was set on David
s head. And he brought forth the spoil of the city in great abundance. <span class="ver">31M
</span>And he brought forth the people that were therein, and put them under saws, and under harrows of iron, and under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brickkiln: and thus did he unto all the cities of the children of Ammon. So David and all the people returned unto Jerusalem.
<h2 id="c13">Chapter 13</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass after this, that Absalom the son of David had a fair sister, whose name was Tamar; and Amnon the son of David loved her. <span class="ver">2</spaM
n>And Amnon was so vexed, that he fell sick for his sister Tamar; for she was a virgin; and Amnon thought it hard for him to do any thing to her. <span class="ver">3</span>But Amnon had a friend, whose name was Jonadab, the son of Shimeah David
s brother: and Jonadab was a very subtil man. <span class="ver">4</span>And he said unto him, Why art thou, being the king
s son, lean from day to day? wilt thou not tell me? And Amnon said unto him, I love Tamar, my brother Absalom
s sister. <span class="ver">5</span>M
And Jonadab said unto him, Lay thee down on thy bed, and make thyself sick: and when thy father cometh to see thee, say unto him, I pray thee, let my sister Tamar come, and give me meat, and dress the meat in my sight, that I may see it, and eat it at her hand. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>So Amnon lay down, and made himself sick: and when the king was come to see him, Amnon said unto the king, I pray thee, let Tamar my sister come, and make me a couple of cakes in my sight, that I may eat at her hand. <spanM
class="ver">7</span>Then David sent home to Tamar, saying, Go now to thy brother Amnon
s house, and dress him meat. <span class="ver">8</span>So Tamar went to her brother Amnon
s house; and he was laid down. And she took flour, and kneaded it, and made cakes in his sight, and did bake the cakes. <span class="ver">9</span>And she took a pan, and poured them out before him; but he refused to eat. And Amnon said, Have out all men from me. And they went out every man from him. <span class="ver">10</span>And Amnon M
said unto Tamar, Bring the meat into the chamber, that I may eat of thine hand. And Tamar took the cakes which she had made, and brought them into the chamber to Amnon her brother. <span class="ver">11</span>And when she had brought them unto him to eat, he took hold of her, and said unto her, Come lie with me, my sister. <span class="ver">12</span>And she answered him, Nay, my brother, do not force me; for no such thing ought to be done in Israel: do not thou this folly. <span class="ver">13</span>And I, whither sM
hall I cause my shame to go? and as for thee, thou shalt be as one of the fools in Israel. Now therefore, I pray thee, speak unto the king; for he will not withhold me from thee. <span class="ver">14</span>Howbeit he would not hearken unto her voice: but, being stronger than she, forced her, and lay with her. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Then Amnon hated her exceedingly; so that the hatred wherewith he hated her was greater than the love wherewith he had loved her. And Amnon said unto her, Arise, be gone. <M
span class="ver">16</span>And she said unto him, There is no cause: this evil in sending me away is greater than the other that thou didst unto me. But he would not hearken unto her. <span class="ver">17</span>Then he called his servant that ministered unto him, and said, Put now this woman out from me, and bolt the door after her. <span class="ver">18</span>And she had a garment of divers colours upon her: for with such robes were the king
s daughters that were virgins apparelled. Then his servant brought her ouM
t, and bolted the door after her. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And Tamar put ashes on her head, and rent her garment of divers colours that was on her, and laid her hand on her head, and went on crying. <span class="ver">20</span>And Absalom her brother said unto her, Hath Amnon thy brother been with thee? but hold now thy peace, my sister: he is thy brother; regard not this thing. So Tamar remained desolate in her brother Absalom
<p><span class="ver">21</span>But when king David heard of M
all these things, he was very wroth. <span class="ver">22</span>And Absalom spake unto his brother Amnon neither good nor bad: for Absalom hated Amnon, because he had forced his sister Tamar. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And it came to pass after two full years, that Absalom had sheepshearers in Baal-hazor, which is beside Ephraim: and Absalom invited all the king
s sons. <span class="ver">24</span>And Absalom came to the king, and said, Behold now, thy servant hath sheepshearers; let the king, I beseech M
thee, and his servants go with thy servant. <span class="ver">25</span>And the king said to Absalom, Nay, my son, let us not all now go, lest we be chargeable unto thee. And he pressed him: howbeit he would not go, but blessed him. <span class="ver">26</span>Then said Absalom, If not, I pray thee, let my brother Amnon go with us. And the king said unto him, Why should he go with thee? <span class="ver">27</span>But Absalom pressed him, that he let Amnon and all the king
s sons go with him. </p>
ver">28</span>Now Absalom had commanded his servants, saying, Mark ye now when Amnon
s heart is merry with wine, and when I say unto you, Smite Amnon; then kill him, fear not: have not I commanded you? be courageous, and be valiant. <span class="ver">29</span>And the servants of Absalom did unto Amnon as Absalom had commanded. Then all the king
s sons arose, and every man gat him up upon his mule, and fled. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>And it came to pass, while they were in the way, that tidings came tM
o David, saying, Absalom hath slain all the king
s sons, and there is not one of them left. <span class="ver">31</span>Then the king arose, and tare his garments, and lay on the earth; and all his servants stood by with their clothes rent. <span class="ver">32</span>And Jonadab, the son of Shimeah David
s brother, answered and said, Let not my lord suppose that they have slain all the young men the king
s sons; for Amnon only is dead: for by the appointment of Absalom this hath been determined from the day thM
at he forced his sister Tamar. <span class="ver">33</span>Now therefore let not my lord the king take the thing to his heart, to think that all the king
s sons are dead: for Amnon only is dead. <span class="ver">34</span>But Absalom fled. And the young man that kept the watch lifted up his eyes, and looked, and, behold, there came much people by the way of the hill side behind him. <span class="ver">35</span>And Jonadab said unto the king, Behold, the king
s sons come: as thy servant said, so it is. <span classM
="ver">36</span>And it came to pass, as soon as he had made an end of speaking, that, behold, the king
s sons came, and lifted up their voice and wept: and the king also and all his servants wept very sore. </p>
<p><span class="ver">37</span>But Absalom fled, and went to Talmai, the son of Ammihud, king of Geshur. And David mourned for his son every day. <span class="ver">38</span>So Absalom fled, and went to Geshur, and was there three years. <span class="ver">39</span>And the soul of king David longed to go fM
orth unto Absalom: for he was comforted concerning Amnon, seeing he was dead.
<h2 id="c14">Chapter 14</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now Joab the son of Zeruiah perceived that the king
s heart was toward Absalom. <span class="ver">2</span>And Joab sent to Tekoah, and fetched thence a wise woman, and said unto her, I pray thee, feign thyself to be a mourner, and put on now mourning apparel, and anoint not thyself with oil, but be as a woman that had a long time mourned for the dead: <span class="ver">3</sM
pan>And come to the king, and speak on this manner unto him. So Joab put the words in her mouth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And when the woman of Tekoah spake to the king, she fell on her face to the ground, and did obeisance, and said, Help, O king. <span class="ver">5</span>And the king said unto her, What aileth thee? And she answered, I am indeed a widow woman, and mine husband is dead. <span class="ver">6</span>And thy handmaid had two sons, and they two strove together in the field, and there was nonM
e to part them, but the one smote the other, and slew him. <span class="ver">7</span>And, behold, the whole family is risen against thine handmaid, and they said, Deliver him that smote his brother, that we may kill him, for the life of his brother whom he slew; and we will destroy the heir also: and so they shall quench my coal which is left, and shall not leave to my husband neither name nor remainder upon the earth. <span class="ver">8</span>And the king said unto the woman, Go to thine house, and I will give chM
arge concerning thee. <span class="ver">9</span>And the woman of Tekoah said unto the king, My lord, O king, the iniquity be on me, and on my father
s house: and the king and his throne be guiltless. <span class="ver">10</span>And the king said, Whosoever saith ought unto thee, bring him to me, and he shall not touch thee any more. <span class="ver">11</span>Then said she, I pray thee, let the king remember the LORD thy God, that thou wouldest not suffer the revengers of blood to destroy any more, lest they destrM
oy my son. And he said, As the LORD liveth, there shall not one hair of thy son fall to the earth. <span class="ver">12</span>Then the woman said, Let thine handmaid, I pray thee, speak one word unto my lord the king. And he said, Say on. <span class="ver">13</span>And the woman said, Wherefore then hast thou thought such a thing against the people of God? for the king doth speak this thing as one which is faulty, in that the king doth not fetch home again his banished. <span class="ver">14</span>For we must needs M
die, and are as water spilt on the ground, which cannot be gathered up again; neither doth God respect any person: yet doth he devise means, that his banished be not expelled from him. <span class="ver">15</span>Now therefore that I am come to speak of this thing unto my lord the king, it is because the people have made me afraid: and thy handmaid said, I will now speak unto the king; it may be that the king will perform the request of his handmaid. <span class="ver">16</span>For the king will hear, to deliver his M
handmaid out of the hand of the man that would destroy me and my son together out of the inheritance of God. <span class="ver">17</span>Then thine handmaid said, The word of my lord the king shall now be comfortable: for as an angel of God, so is my lord the king to discern good and bad: therefore the LORD thy God will be with thee. <span class="ver">18</span>Then the king answered and said unto the woman, Hide not from me, I pray thee, the thing that I shall ask thee. And the woman said, Let my lord the king now sM
peak. <span class="ver">19</span>And the king said, Is not the hand of Joab with thee in all this? And the woman answered and said, As thy soul liveth, my lord the king, none can turn to the right hand or to the left from ought that my lord the king hath spoken: for thy servant Joab, he bade me, and he put all these words in the mouth of thine handmaid: <span class="ver">20</span>To fetch about this form of speech hath thy servant Joab done this thing: and my lord is wise, according to the wisdom of an angel of GodM
, to know all things that are in the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And the king said unto Joab, Behold now, I have done this thing: go therefore, bring the young man Absalom again. <span class="ver">22</span>And Joab fell to the ground on his face, and bowed himself, and thanked the king: and Joab said, To day thy servant knoweth that I have found grace in thy sight, my lord, O king, in that the king hath fulfilled the request of his servant. <span class="ver">23</span>So Joab arose and went to GeshurM
, and brought Absalom to Jerusalem. <span class="ver">24</span>And the king said, Let him turn to his own house, and let him not see my face. So Absalom returned to his own house, and saw not the king
<p><span class="ver">25</span>But in all Israel there was none to be so much praised as Absalom for his beauty: from the sole of his foot even to the crown of his head there was no blemish in him. <span class="ver">26</span>And when he polled his head, (for it was at every year
s end that he polled M
it: because the hair was heavy on him, therefore he polled it:) he weighed the hair of his head at two hundred shekels after the king
s weight. <span class="ver">27</span>And unto Absalom there were born three sons, and one daughter, whose name was Tamar: she was a woman of a fair countenance. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>So Absalom dwelt two full years in Jerusalem, and saw not the king
s face. <span class="ver">29</span>Therefore Absalom sent for Joab, to have sent him to the king; but he would not coM
me to him: and when he sent again the second time, he would not come. <span class="ver">30</span>Therefore he said unto his servants, See, Joab
s field is near mine, and he hath barley there; go and set it on fire. And Absalom
s servants set the field on fire. <span class="ver">31</span>Then Joab arose, and came to Absalom unto his house, and said unto him, Wherefore have thy servants set my field on fire? <span class="ver">32</span>And Absalom answered Joab, Behold, I sent unto thee, saying, Come hither, that M
I may send thee to the king, to say, Wherefore am I come from Geshur? it had been good for me to have been there still: now therefore let me see the king
s face; and if there be any iniquity in me, let him kill me. <span class="ver">33</span>So Joab came to the king, and told him: and when he had called for Absalom, he came to the king, and bowed himself on his face to the ground before the king: and the king kissed Absalom.
<h2 id="c15">Chapter 15</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass afterM
this, that Absalom prepared him chariots and horses, and fifty men to run before him. <span class="ver">2</span>And Absalom rose up early, and stood beside the way of the gate: and it was so, that when any man that had a controversy came to the king for judgment, then Absalom called unto him, and said, Of what city art thou? And he said, Thy servant is of one of the tribes of Israel. <span class="ver">3</span>And Absalom said unto him, See, thy matters are good and right; but there is no man deputed of the king toM
hear thee. <span class="ver">4</span>Absalom said moreover, Oh that I were made judge in the land, that every man which hath any suit or cause might come unto me, and I would do him justice! <span class="ver">5</span>And it was so, that when any man came nigh to him to do him obeisance, he put forth his hand, and took him, and kissed him. <span class="ver">6</span>And on this manner did Absalom to all Israel that came to the king for judgment: so Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel. </p>
="ver">7</span>And it came to pass after forty years, that Absalom said unto the king, I pray thee, let me go and pay my vow, which I have vowed unto the LORD, in Hebron. <span class="ver">8</span>For thy servant vowed a vow while I abode at Geshur in Syria, saying, If the LORD shall bring me again indeed to Jerusalem, then I will serve the LORD. <span class="ver">9</span>And the king said unto him, Go in peace. So he arose, and went to Hebron. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>But Absalom sent spies throughout M
all the tribes of Israel, saying, As soon as ye hear the sound of the trumpet, then ye shall say, Absalom reigneth in Hebron. <span class="ver">11</span>And with Absalom went two hundred men out of Jerusalem, that were called; and they went in their simplicity, and they knew not any thing. <span class="ver">12</span>And Absalom sent for Ahithophel the Gilonite, David
s counsellor, from his city, even from Giloh, while he offered sacrifices. And the conspiracy was strong; for the people increased continually with M
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And there came a messenger to David, saying, The hearts of the men of Israel are after Absalom. <span class="ver">14</span>And David said unto all his servants that were with him at Jerusalem, Arise, and let us flee; for we shall not else escape from Absalom: make speed to depart, lest he overtake us suddenly, and bring evil upon us, and smite the city with the edge of the sword. <span class="ver">15</span>And the king
s servants said unto the king, Behold, thy servanM
ts are ready to do whatsoever my lord the king shall appoint. <span class="ver">16</span>And the king went forth, and all his household after him. And the king left ten women, which were concubines, to keep the house. <span class="ver">17</span>And the king went forth, and all the people after him, and tarried in a place that was far off. <span class="ver">18</span>And all his servants passed on beside him; and all the Cherethites, and all the Pelethites, and all the Gittites, six hundred men which came after him fM
rom Gath, passed on before the king. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Then said the king to Ittai the Gittite, Wherefore goest thou also with us? return to thy place, and abide with the king: for thou art a stranger, and also an exile. <span class="ver">20</span>Whereas thou camest but yesterday, should I this day make thee go up and down with us? seeing I go whither I may, return thou, and take back thy brethren: mercy and truth be with thee. <span class="ver">21</span>And Ittai answered the king, and said, AsM
the LORD liveth, and as my lord the king liveth, surely in what place my lord the king shall be, whether in death or life, even there also will thy servant be. <span class="ver">22</span>And David said to Ittai, Go and pass over. And Ittai the Gittite passed over, and all his men, and all the little ones that were with him. <span class="ver">23</span>And all the country wept with a loud voice, and all the people passed over: the king also himself passed over the brook Kidron, and all the people passed over, towardM
the way of the wilderness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And lo Zadok also, and all the Levites were with him, bearing the ark of the covenant of God: and they set down the ark of God; and Abiathar went up, until all the people had done passing out of the city. <span class="ver">25</span>And the king said unto Zadok, Carry back the ark of God into the city: if I shall find favour in the eyes of the LORD, he will bring me again, and shew me both it, and his habitation: <span class="ver">26</span>But if he thM
us say, I have no delight in thee; behold, here am I, let him do to me as seemeth good unto him. <span class="ver">27</span>The king said also unto Zadok the priest, Art not thou a seer? return into the city in peace, and your two sons with you, Ahimaaz thy son, and Jonathan the son of Abiathar. <span class="ver">28</span>See, I will tarry in the plain of the wilderness, until there come word from you to certify me. <span class="ver">29</span>Zadok therefore and Abiathar carried the ark of God again to Jerusalem: aM
nd they tarried there. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>And David went up by the ascent of mount Olivet, and wept as he went up, and had his head covered, and he went barefoot: and all the people that was with him covered every man his head, and they went up, weeping as they went up. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>And one told David, saying, Ahithophel is among the conspirators with Absalom. And David said, O LORD, I pray thee, turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3M
2</span>And it came to pass, that when David was come to the top of the mount, where he worshipped God, behold, Hushai the Archite came to meet him with his coat rent, and earth upon his head: <span class="ver">33</span>Unto whom David said, If thou passest on with me, then thou shalt be a burden unto me: <span class="ver">34</span>But if thou return to the city, and say unto Absalom, I will be thy servant, O king; as I have been thy father
s servant hitherto, so will I now also be thy servant: then mayest thou fM
or me defeat the counsel of Ahithophel. <span class="ver">35</span>And hast thou not there with thee Zadok and Abiathar the priests? therefore it shall be, that what thing soever thou shalt hear out of the king
s house, thou shalt tell it to Zadok and Abiathar the priests. <span class="ver">36</span>Behold, they have there with them their two sons, Ahimaaz Zadok
s son, and Jonathan Abiathar
s son; and by them ye shall send unto me every thing that ye can hear. <span class="ver">37</span>So Hushai David
iend came into the city, and Absalom came into Jerusalem.
<h2 id="c16">Chapter 16</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And when David was a little past the top of the hill, behold, Ziba the servant of Mephibosheth met him, with a couple of asses saddled, and upon them two hundred loaves of bread, and an hundred bunches of raisins, and an hundred of summer fruits, and a bottle of wine. <span class="ver">2</span>And the king said unto Ziba, What meanest thou by these? And Ziba said, The asses be for the king
ousehold to ride on; and the bread and summer fruit for the young men to eat; and the wine, that such as be faint in the wilderness may drink. <span class="ver">3</span>And the king said, And where is thy master
s son? And Ziba said unto the king, Behold, he abideth at Jerusalem: for he said, To day shall the house of Israel restore me the kingdom of my father. <span class="ver">4</span>Then said the king to Ziba, Behold, thine are all that pertained unto Mephibosheth. And Ziba said, I humbly beseech thee that I M
may find grace in thy sight, my lord, O king. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And when king David came to Bahurim, behold, thence came out a man of the family of the house of Saul, whose name was Shimei, the son of Gera: he came forth, and cursed still as he came. <span class="ver">6</span>And he cast stones at David, and at all the servants of king David: and all the people and all the mighty men were on his right hand and on his left. <span class="ver">7</span>And thus said Shimei when he cursed, Come out, coM
me out, thou bloody man, and thou man of Belial: <span class="ver">8</span>The LORD hath returned upon thee all the blood of the house of Saul, in whose stead thou hast reigned; and the LORD hath delivered the kingdom into the hand of Absalom thy son: and, behold, thou art taken in thy mischief, because thou art a bloody man. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Then said Abishai the son of Zeruiah unto the king, Why should this dead dog curse my lord the king? let me go over, I pray thee, and take off his head. <spM
an class="ver">10</span>And the king said, What have I to do with you, ye sons of Zeruiah? so let him curse, because the LORD hath said unto him, Curse David. Who shall then say, Wherefore hast thou done so? <span class="ver">11</span>And David said to Abishai, and to all his servants, Behold, my son, which came forth of my bowels, seeketh my life: how much more now may this Benjamite do it? let him alone, and let him curse; for the LORD hath bidden him. <span class="ver">12</span>It may be that the LORD will look M
on mine affliction, and that the LORD will requite me good for his cursing this day. <span class="ver">13</span>And as David and his men went by the way, Shimei went along on the hill
s side over against him, and cursed as he went, and threw stones at him, and cast dust. <span class="ver">14</span>And the king, and all the people that were with him, came weary, and refreshed themselves there. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And Absalom, and all the people the men of Israel, came to Jerusalem, and Ahithophel M
with him. <span class="ver">16</span>And it came to pass, when Hushai the Archite, David
s friend, was come unto Absalom, that Hushai said unto Absalom, God save the king, God save the king. <span class="ver">17</span>And Absalom said to Hushai, Is this thy kindness to thy friend? why wentest thou not with thy friend? <span class="ver">18</span>And Hushai said unto Absalom, Nay; but whom the LORD, and this people, and all the men of Israel, choose, his will I be, and with him will I abide. <span class="ver">19</sM
pan>And again, whom should I serve? should I not serve in the presence of his son? as I have served in thy father
s presence, so will I be in thy presence. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Then said Absalom to Ahithophel, Give counsel among you what we shall do. <span class="ver">21</span>And Ahithophel said unto Absalom, Go in unto thy father
s concubines, which he hath left to keep the house; and all Israel shall hear that thou art abhorred of thy father: then shall the hands of all that are with thee be M
strong. <span class="ver">22</span>So they spread Absalom a tent upon the top of the house; and Absalom went in unto his father
s concubines in the sight of all Israel. <span class="ver">23</span>And the counsel of Ahithophel, which he counselled in those days, was as if a man had enquired at the oracle of God: so was all the counsel of Ahithophel both with David and with Absalom.
<h2 id="c17">Chapter 17</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Moreover Ahithophel said unto Absalom, Let me now choose out twelve thM
ousand men, and I will arise and pursue after David this night: <span class="ver">2</span>And I will come upon him while he is weary and weak handed, and will make him afraid: and all the people that are with him shall flee; and I will smite the king only: <span class="ver">3</span>And I will bring back all the people unto thee: the man whom thou seekest is as if all returned: so all the people shall be in peace. <span class="ver">4</span>And the saying pleased Absalom well, and all the elders of Israel. <span clasM
s="ver">5</span>Then said Absalom, Call now Hushai the Archite also, and let us hear likewise what he saith. <span class="ver">6</span>And when Hushai was come to Absalom, Absalom spake unto him, saying, Ahithophel hath spoken after this manner: shall we do after his saying? if not; speak thou. <span class="ver">7</span>And Hushai said unto Absalom, The counsel that Ahithophel hath given is not good at this time. <span class="ver">8</span>For, said Hushai, thou knowest thy father and his men, that they be mighty meM
n, and they be chafed in their minds, as a bear robbed of her whelps in the field: and thy father is a man of war, and will not lodge with the people. <span class="ver">9</span>Behold, he is hid now in some pit, or in some other place: and it will come to pass, when some of them be overthrown at the first, that whosoever heareth it will say, There is a slaughter among the people that follow Absalom. <span class="ver">10</span>And he also that is valiant, whose heart is as the heart of a lion, shall utterly melt: foM
r all Israel knoweth that thy father is a mighty man, and they which be with him are valiant men. <span class="ver">11</span>Therefore I counsel that all Israel be generally gathered unto thee, from Dan even to Beer-sheba, as the sand that is by the sea for multitude; and that thou go to battle in thine own person. <span class="ver">12</span>So shall we come upon him in some place where he shall be found, and we will light upon him as the dew falleth on the ground: and of him and of all the men that are with him thM
ere shall not be left so much as one. <span class="ver">13</span>Moreover, if he be gotten into a city, then shall all Israel bring ropes to that city, and we will draw it into the river, until there be not one small stone found there. <span class="ver">14</span>And Absalom and all the men of Israel said, The counsel of Hushai the Archite is better than the counsel of Ahithophel. For the LORD had appointed to defeat the good counsel of Ahithophel, to the intent that the LORD might bring evil upon Absalom. </p>
><span class="ver">15</span>Then said Hushai unto Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, Thus and thus did Ahithophel counsel Absalom and the elders of Israel; and thus and thus have I counselled. <span class="ver">16</span>Now therefore send quickly, and tell David, saying, Lodge not this night in the plains of the wilderness, but speedily pass over; lest the king be swallowed up, and all the people that are with him. <span class="ver">17</span>Now Jonathan and Ahimaaz stayed by En-rogel; for they might not be seen toM
come into the city: and a wench went and told them; and they went and told king David. <span class="ver">18</span>Nevertheless a lad saw them, and told Absalom: but they went both of them away quickly, and came to a man
s house in Bahurim, which had a well in his court; whither they went down. <span class="ver">19</span>And the woman took and spread a covering over the well
s mouth, and spread ground corn thereon; and the thing was not known. <span class="ver">20</span>And when Absalom
s servants came to theM
woman to the house, they said, Where is Ahimaaz and Jonathan? And the woman said unto them, They be gone over the brook of water. And when they had sought and could not find them, they returned to Jerusalem. <span class="ver">21</span>And it came to pass, after they were departed, that they came up out of the well, and went and told king David, and said unto David, Arise, and pass quickly over the water: for thus hath Ahithophel counselled against you. <span class="ver">22</span>Then David arose, and all the peoplM
e that were with him, and they passed over Jordan: by the morning light there lacked not one of them that was not gone over Jordan. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>And when Ahithophel saw that his counsel was not followed, he saddled his ass, and arose, and gat him home to his house, to his city, and put his household in order, and hanged himself, and died, and was buried in the sepulchre of his father. <span class="ver">24</span>Then David came to Mahanaim. And Absalom passed over Jordan, he and all the men oM
f Israel with him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">25</span>And Absalom made Amasa captain of the host instead of Joab: which Amasa was a man
s son, whose name was Ithra an Israelite, that went in to Abigail the daughter of Nahash, sister to Zeruiah Joab
s mother. <span class="ver">26</span>So Israel and Absalom pitched in the land of Gilead. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>And it came to pass, when David was come to Mahanaim, that Shobi the son of Nahash of Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and Machir the son M
of Ammiel of Lo-debar, and Barzillai the Gileadite of Rogelim, <span class="ver">28</span>Brought beds, and basons, and earthen vessels, and wheat, and barley, and flour, and parched corn, and beans, and lentiles, and parched pulse, <span class="ver">29</span>And honey, and butter, and sheep, and cheese of kine, for David, and for the people that were with him, to eat: for they said, The people is hungry, and weary, and thirsty, in the wilderness.
<h2 id="c18">Chapter 18</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And M
David numbered the people that were with him, and set captains of thousands and captains of hundreds over them. <span class="ver">2</span>And David sent forth a third part of the people under the hand of Joab, and a third part under the hand of Abishai the son of Zeruiah, Joab
s brother, and a third part under the hand of Ittai the Gittite. And the king said unto the people, I will surely go forth with you myself also. <span class="ver">3</span>But the people answered, Thou shalt not go forth: for if we flee awayM
, they will not care for us; neither if half of us die, will they care for us: but now thou art worth ten thousand of us: therefore now it is better that thou succour us out of the city. <span class="ver">4</span>And the king said unto them, What seemeth you best I will do. And the king stood by the gate side, and all the people came out by hundreds and by thousands. <span class="ver">5</span>And the king commanded Joab and Abishai and Ittai, saying, Deal gently for my sake with the young man, even with Absalom. AnM
d all the people heard when the king gave all the captains charge concerning Absalom. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>So the people went out into the field against Israel: and the battle was in the wood of Ephraim; <span class="ver">7</span>Where the people of Israel were slain before the servants of David, and there was there a great slaughter that day of twenty thousand men. <span class="ver">8</span>For the battle was there scattered over the face of all the country: and the wood devoured more people that daM
y than the sword devoured. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And Absalom met the servants of David. And Absalom rode upon a mule, and the mule went under the thick boughs of a great oak, and his head caught hold of the oak, and he was taken up between the heaven and the earth; and the mule that was under him went away. <span class="ver">10</span>And a certain man saw it, and told Joab, and said, Behold, I saw Absalom hanged in an oak. <span class="ver">11</span>And Joab said unto the man that told him, And, beholM
d, thou sawest him, and why didst thou not smite him there to the ground? and I would have given thee ten shekels of silver, and a girdle. <span class="ver">12</span>And the man said unto Joab, Though I should receive a thousand shekels of silver in mine hand, yet would I not put forth mine hand against the king
s son: for in our hearing the king charged thee and Abishai and Ittai, saying, Beware that none touch the young man Absalom. <span class="ver">13</span>Otherwise I should have wrought falsehood against miM
ne own life: for there is no matter hid from the king, and thou thyself wouldest have set thyself against me. <span class="ver">14</span>Then said Joab, I may not tarry thus with thee. And he took three darts in his hand, and thrust them through the heart of Absalom, while he was yet alive in the midst of the oak. <span class="ver">15</span>And ten young men that bare Joab
s armour compassed about and smote Absalom, and slew him. <span class="ver">16</span>And Joab blew the trumpet, and the people returned from pM
ursuing after Israel: for Joab held back the people. <span class="ver">17</span>And they took Absalom, and cast him into a great pit in the wood, and laid a very great heap of stones upon him: and all Israel fled every one to his tent. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Now Absalom in his lifetime had taken and reared up for himself a pillar, which is in the king
s dale: for he said, I have no son to keep my name in remembrance: and he called the pillar after his own name: and it is called unto this day, AbsaloM
<p><span class="ver">19</span>Then said Ahimaaz the son of Zadok, Let me now run, and bear the king tidings, how that the LORD hath avenged him of his enemies. <span class="ver">20</span>And Joab said unto him, Thou shalt not bear tidings this day, but thou shalt bear tidings another day: but this day thou shalt bear no tidings, because the king
s son is dead. <span class="ver">21</span>Then said Joab to Cushi, Go tell the king what thou hast seen. And Cushi bowed himself unto Joab, and ran. <M
span class="ver">22</span>Then said Ahimaaz the son of Zadok yet again to Joab, But howsoever, let me, I pray thee, also run after Cushi. And Joab said, Wherefore wilt thou run, my son, seeing that thou hast no tidings ready? <span class="ver">23</span>But howsoever, said he, let me run. And he said unto him, Run. Then Ahimaaz ran by the way of the plain, and overran Cushi. <span class="ver">24</span>And David sat between the two gates: and the watchman went up to the roof over the gate unto the wall, and lifted upM
his eyes, and looked, and behold a man running alone. <span class="ver">25</span>And the watchman cried, and told the king. And the king said, If he be alone, there is tidings in his mouth. And he came apace, and drew near. <span class="ver">26</span>And the watchman saw another man running: and the watchman called unto the porter, and said, Behold another man running alone. And the king said, He also bringeth tidings. <span class="ver">27</span>And the watchman said, Me thinketh the running of the foremost is likM
e the running of Ahimaaz the son of Zadok. And the king said, He is a good man, and cometh with good tidings. <span class="ver">28</span>And Ahimaaz called, and said unto the king, All is well. And he fell down to the earth upon his face before the king, and said, Blessed be the LORD thy God, which hath delivered up the men that lifted up their hand against my lord the king. <span class="ver">29</span>And the king said, Is the young man Absalom safe? And Ahimaaz answered, When Joab sent the king
thy servant, I saw a great tumult, but I knew not what it was. <span class="ver">30</span>And the king said unto him, Turn aside, and stand here. And he turned aside, and stood still. <span class="ver">31</span>And, behold, Cushi came; and Cushi said, Tidings, my lord the king: for the LORD hath avenged thee this day of all them that rose up against thee. <span class="ver">32</span>And the king said unto Cushi, Is the young man Absalom safe? And Cushi answered, The enemies of my lord the king, and all that rise agM
ainst thee to do thee hurt, be as that young man is. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>And the king was much moved, and went up to the chamber over the gate, and wept: and as he went, thus he said, O my son Absalom, my son, my son Absalom! would God I had died for thee, O Absalom, my son, my son!
<h2 id="c19">Chapter 19</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it was told Joab, Behold, the king weepeth and mourneth for Absalom. <span class="ver">2</span>And the victory that day was turned into mourning unto aM
ll the people: for the people heard say that day how the king was grieved for his son. <span class="ver">3</span>And the people gat them by stealth that day into the city, as people being ashamed steal away when they flee in battle. <span class="ver">4</span>But the king covered his face, and the king cried with a loud voice, O my son Absalom, O Absalom, my son, my son! <span class="ver">5</span>And Joab came into the house to the king, and said, Thou hast shamed this day the faces of all thy servants, which this dM
ay have saved thy life, and the lives of thy sons and of thy daughters, and the lives of thy wives, and the lives of thy concubines; <span class="ver">6</span>In that thou lovest thine enemies, and hatest thy friends. For thou hast declared this day, that thou regardest neither princes nor servants: for this day I perceive, that if Absalom had lived, and all we had died this day, then it had pleased thee well. <span class="ver">7</span>Now therefore arise, go forth, and speak comfortably unto thy servants: for I swM
ear by the LORD, if thou go not forth, there will not tarry one with thee this night: and that will be worse unto thee than all the evil that befell thee from thy youth until now. <span class="ver">8</span>Then the king arose, and sat in the gate. And they told unto all the people, saying, Behold, the king doth sit in the gate. And all the people came before the king: for Israel had fled every man to his tent. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And all the people were at strife throughout all the tribes of Israel,M
saying, The king saved us out of the hand of our enemies, and he delivered us out of the hand of the Philistines; and now he is fled out of the land for Absalom. <span class="ver">10</span>And Absalom, whom we anointed over us, is dead in battle. Now therefore why speak ye not a word of bringing the king back? </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And king David sent to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, saying, Speak unto the elders of Judah, saying, Why are ye the last to bring the king back to his house? seeing M
the speech of all Israel is come to the king, even to his house. <span class="ver">12</span>Ye are my brethren, ye are my bones and my flesh: wherefore then are ye the last to bring back the king? <span class="ver">13</span>And say ye to Amasa, Art thou not of my bone, and of my flesh? God do so to me, and more also, if thou be not captain of the host before me continually in the room of Joab. <span class="ver">14</span>And he bowed the heart of all the men of Judah, even as the heart of one man; so that they sent M
this word unto the king, Return thou, and all thy servants. <span class="ver">15</span>So the king returned, and came to Jordan. And Judah came to Gilgal, to go to meet the king, to conduct the king over Jordan. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And Shimei the son of Gera, a Benjamite, which was of Bahurim, hasted and came down with the men of Judah to meet king David. <span class="ver">17</span>And there were a thousand men of Benjamin with him, and Ziba the servant of the house of Saul, and his fifteen sons anM
d his twenty servants with him; and they went over Jordan before the king. <span class="ver">18</span>And there went over a ferry boat to carry over the king
s household, and to do what he thought good. And Shimei the son of Gera fell down before the king, as he was come over Jordan; <span class="ver">19</span>And said unto the king, Let not my lord impute iniquity unto me, neither do thou remember that which thy servant did perversely the day that my lord the king went out of Jerusalem, that the king should takeM
it to his heart. <span class="ver">20</span>For thy servant doth know that I have sinned: therefore, behold, I am come the first this day of all the house of Joseph to go down to meet my lord the king. <span class="ver">21</span>But Abishai the son of Zeruiah answered and said, Shall not Shimei be put to death for this, because he cursed the LORD
s anointed? <span class="ver">22</span>And David said, What have I to do with you, ye sons of Zeruiah, that ye should this day be adversaries unto me? shall there any mM
an be put to death this day in Israel? for do not I know that I am this day king over Israel? <span class="ver">23</span>Therefore the king said unto Shimei, Thou shalt not die. And the king sware unto him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And Mephibosheth the son of Saul came down to meet the king, and had neither dressed his feet, nor trimmed his beard, nor washed his clothes, from the day the king departed until the day he came again in peace. <span class="ver">25</span>And it came to pass, when he was come M
to Jerusalem to meet the king, that the king said unto him, Wherefore wentest not thou with me, Mephibosheth? <span class="ver">26</span>And he answered, My lord, O king, my servant deceived me: for thy servant said, I will saddle me an ass, that I may ride thereon, and go to the king; because thy servant is lame. <span class="ver">27</span>And he hath slandered thy servant unto my lord the king; but my lord the king is as an angel of God: do therefore what is good in thine eyes. <span class="ver">28</span>For all M
s house were but dead men before my lord the king: yet didst thou set thy servant among them that did eat at thine own table. What right therefore have I yet to cry any more unto the king? <span class="ver">29</span>And the king said unto him, Why speakest thou any more of thy matters? I have said, Thou and Ziba divide the land. <span class="ver">30</span>And Mephibosheth said unto the king, Yea, let him take all, forasmuch as my lord the king is come again in peace unto his own house. </p>
n class="ver">31</span>And Barzillai the Gileadite came down from Rogelim, and went over Jordan with the king, to conduct him over Jordan. <span class="ver">32</span>Now Barzillai was a very aged man, even fourscore years old: and he had provided the king of sustenance while he lay at Mahanaim; for he was a very great man. <span class="ver">33</span>And the king said unto Barzillai, Come thou over with me, and I will feed thee with me in Jerusalem. <span class="ver">34</span>And Barzillai said unto the king, How loM
ng have I to live, that I should go up with the king unto Jerusalem? <span class="ver">35</span>I am this day fourscore years old: and can I discern between good and evil? can thy servant taste what I eat or what I drink? can I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women? wherefore then should thy servant be yet a burden unto my lord the king? <span class="ver">36</span>Thy servant will go a little way over Jordan with the king: and why should the king recompense it me with such a reward? <span class="M
ver">37</span>Let thy servant, I pray thee, turn back again, that I may die in mine own city, and be buried by the grave of my father and of my mother. But behold thy servant Chimham; let him go over with my lord the king; and do to him what shall seem good unto thee. <span class="ver">38</span>And the king answered, Chimham shall go over with me, and I will do to him that which shall seem good unto thee: and whatsoever thou shalt require of me, that will I do for thee. <span class="ver">39</span>And all the peopleM
went over Jordan. And when the king was come over, the king kissed Barzillai, and blessed him; and he returned unto his own place. <span class="ver">40</span>Then the king went on to Gilgal, and Chimham went on with him: and all the people of Judah conducted the king, and also half the people of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">41</span>And, behold, all the men of Israel came to the king, and said unto the king, Why have our brethren the men of Judah stolen thee away, and have brought the king, and his householM
s men with him, over Jordan? <span class="ver">42</span>And all the men of Judah answered the men of Israel, Because the king is near of kin to us: wherefore then be ye angry for this matter? have we eaten at all of the king
s cost? or hath he given us any gift? <span class="ver">43</span>And the men of Israel answered the men of Judah, and said, We have ten parts in the king, and we have also more right in David than ye: why then did ye despise us, that our advice should not be first had in brM
inging back our king? And the words of the men of Judah were fiercer than the words of the men of Israel.
<h2 id="c20">Chapter 20</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And there happened to be there a man of Belial, whose name was Sheba, the son of Bichri, a Benjamite: and he blew a trumpet, and said, We have no part in David, neither have we inheritance in the son of Jesse: every man to his tents, O Israel. <span class="ver">2</span>So every man of Israel went up from after David, and followed Sheba the son of BM
ichri: but the men of Judah clave unto their king, from Jordan even to Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And David came to his house at Jerusalem; and the king took the ten women his concubines, whom he had left to keep the house, and put them in ward, and fed them, but went not in unto them. So they were shut up unto the day of their death, living in widowhood. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Then said the king to Amasa, Assemble me the men of Judah within three days, and be thou here present. <spM
an class="ver">5</span>So Amasa went to assemble the men of Judah: but he tarried longer than the set time which he had appointed him. <span class="ver">6</span>And David said to Abishai, Now shall Sheba the son of Bichri do us more harm than did Absalom: take thou thy lord
s servants, and pursue after him, lest he get him fenced cities, and escape us. <span class="ver">7</span>And there went out after him Joab
s men, and the Cherethites, and the Pelethites, and all the mighty men: and they went out of JerusaleM
m, to pursue after Sheba the son of Bichri. <span class="ver">8</span>When they were at the great stone which is in Gibeon, Amasa went before them. And Joab
s garment that he had put on was girded unto him, and upon it a girdle with a sword fastened upon his loins in the sheath thereof; and as he went forth it fell out. <span class="ver">9</span>And Joab said to Amasa, Art thou in health, my brother? And Joab took Amasa by the beard with the right hand to kiss him. <span class="ver">10</span>But Amasa took no heeM
d to the sword that was in Joab
s hand: so he smote him therewith in the fifth rib, and shed out his bowels to the ground, and struck him not again; and he died. So Joab and Abishai his brother pursued after Sheba the son of Bichri. <span class="ver">11</span>And one of Joab
s men stood by him, and said, He that favoureth Joab, and he that is for David, let him go after Joab. <span class="ver">12</span>And Amasa wallowed in blood in the midst of the highway. And when the man saw that all the people stood still,M
he removed Amasa out of the highway into the field, and cast a cloth upon him, when he saw that every one that came by him stood still. <span class="ver">13</span>When he was removed out of the highway, all the people went on after Joab, to pursue after Sheba the son of Bichri. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And he went through all the tribes of Israel unto Abel, and to Beth-maachah, and all the Berites: and they were gathered together, and went also after him. <span class="ver">15</span>And they came and beM
sieged him in Abel of Beth-maachah, and they cast up a bank against the city, and it stood in the trench: and all the people that were with Joab battered the wall, to throw it down. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Then cried a wise woman out of the city, Hear, hear; say, I pray you, unto Joab, Come near hither, that I may speak with thee. <span class="ver">17</span>And when he was come near unto her, the woman said, Art thou Joab? And he answered, I am he. Then she said unto him, Hear the words of thine handmaM
id. And he answered, I do hear. <span class="ver">18</span>Then she spake, saying, They were wont to speak in old time, saying, They shall surely ask counsel at Abel: and so they ended the matter. <span class="ver">19</span>I am one of them that are peaceable and faithful in Israel: thou seekest to destroy a city and a mother in Israel: why wilt thou swallow up the inheritance of the LORD? <span class="ver">20</span>And Joab answered and said, Far be it, far be it from me, that I should swallow up or destroy. <spanM
class="ver">21</span>The matter is not so: but a man of mount Ephraim, Sheba the son of Bichri by name, hath lifted up his hand against the king, even against David: deliver him only, and I will depart from the city. And the woman said unto Joab, Behold, his head shall be thrown to thee over the wall. <span class="ver">22</span>Then the woman went unto all the people in her wisdom. And they cut off the head of Sheba the son of Bichri, and cast it out to Joab. And he blew a trumpet, and they retired from the city, M
every man to his tent. And Joab returned to Jerusalem unto the king. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>Now Joab was over all the host of Israel: and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and over the Pelethites: <span class="ver">24</span>And Adoram was over the tribute: and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was recorder: <span class="ver">25</span>And Sheva was scribe: and Zadok and Abiathar were the priests: <span class="ver">26</span>And Ira also the Jairite was a chief ruler about David.
="c21">Chapter 21</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then there was a famine in the days of David three years, year after year; and David enquired of the LORD. And the LORD answered, It is for Saul, and for his bloody house, because he slew the Gibeonites. <span class="ver">2</span>And the king called the Gibeonites, and said unto them; (now the Gibeonites were not of the children of Israel, but of the remnant of the Amorites; and the children of Israel had sworn unto them: and Saul sought to slay them in his zeaM
l to the children of Israel and Judah.) <span class="ver">3</span>Wherefore David said unto the Gibeonites, What shall I do for you? and wherewith shall I make the atonement, that ye may bless the inheritance of the LORD? <span class="ver">4</span>And the Gibeonites said unto him, We will have no silver nor gold of Saul, nor of his house; neither for us shalt thou kill any man in Israel. And he said, What ye shall say, that will I do for you. <span class="ver">5</span>And they answered the king, The man that consumM
ed us, and that devised against us that we should be destroyed from remaining in any of the coasts of Israel, <span class="ver">6</span>Let seven men of his sons be delivered unto us, and we will hang them up unto the LORD in Gibeah of Saul, whom the LORD did choose. And the king said, I will give them. <span class="ver">7</span>But the king spared Mephibosheth, the son of Jonathan the son of Saul, because of the LORD
s oath that was between them, between David and Jonathan the son of Saul. <span class="ver">8</sM
pan>But the king took the two sons of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, whom she bare unto Saul, Armoni and Mephibosheth; and the five sons of Michal the daughter of Saul, whom she brought up for Adriel the son of Barzillai the Meholathite: <span class="ver">9</span>And he delivered them into the hands of the Gibeonites, and they hanged them in the hill before the LORD: and they fell all seven together, and were put to death in the days of harvest, in the first days, in the beginning of barley harvest. </p>
lass="ver">10</span>And Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth, and spread it for her upon the rock, from the beginning of harvest until water dropped upon them out of heaven, and suffered neither the birds of the air to rest on them by day, nor the beasts of the field by night. <span class="ver">11</span>And it was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And David went and took the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son from thM
e men of Jabesh-gilead, which had stolen them from the street of Beth-shan, where the Philistines had hanged them, when the Philistines had slain Saul in Gilboa: <span class="ver">13</span>And he brought up from thence the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son; and they gathered the bones of them that were hanged. <span class="ver">14</span>And the bones of Saul and Jonathan his son buried they in the country of Benjamin in Zelah, in the sepulchre of Kish his father: and they performed all that the king cM
ommanded. And after that God was intreated for the land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Moreover the Philistines had yet war again with Israel; and David went down, and his servants with him, and fought against the Philistines: and David waxed faint. <span class="ver">16</span>And Ishbi-benob, which was of the sons of the giant, the weight of whose spear weighed three hundred shekels of brass in weight, he being girded with a new sword, thought to have slain David. <span class="ver">17</span>But Abishai the sM
on of Zeruiah succoured him, and smote the Philistine, and killed him. Then the men of David sware unto him, saying, Thou shalt go no more out with us to battle, that thou quench not the light of Israel. <span class="ver">18</span>And it came to pass after this, that there was again a battle with the Philistines at Gob: then Sibbechai the Hushathite slew Saph, which was of the sons of the giant. <span class="ver">19</span>And there was again a battle in Gob with the Philistines, where Elhanan the son of Jaare-oregiM
m, a Beth-lehemite, slew the brother of Goliath the Gittite, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver
s beam. <span class="ver">20</span>And there was yet a battle in Gath, where was a man of great stature, that had on every hand six fingers, and on every foot six toes, four and twenty in number; and he also was born to the giant. <span class="ver">21</span>And when he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea the brother of David slew him. <span class="ver">22</span>These four were born to the giant in Gath, aM
nd fell by the hand of David, and by the hand of his servants.
<h2 id="c22">Chapter 22</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And David spake unto the LORD the words of this song in the day that the LORD had delivered him out of the hand of all his enemies, and out of the hand of Saul: <span class="ver">2</span>And he said, The LORD is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; <span class="ver">3</span>The God of my rock; in him will I trust: he is my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high tower, and my rM
efuge, my saviour; thou savest me from violence. <span class="ver">4</span>I will call on the LORD, who is worthy to be praised: so shall I be saved from mine enemies. <span class="ver">5</span>When the waves of death compassed me, the floods of ungodly men made me afraid; <span class="ver">6</span>The sorrows of hell compassed me about; the snares of death prevented me; <span class="ver">7</span>In my distress I called upon the LORD, and cried to my God: and he did hear my voice out of his temple, and my cry did eM
nter into his ears. <span class="ver">8</span>Then the earth shook and trembled; the foundations of heaven moved and shook, because he was wroth. <span class="ver">9</span>There went up a smoke out of his nostrils, and fire out of his mouth devoured: coals were kindled by it. <span class="ver">10</span>He bowed the heavens also, and came down; and darkness was under his feet. <span class="ver">11</span>And he rode upon a cherub, and did fly: and he was seen upon the wings of the wind. <span class="ver">12</span>AndM
he made darkness pavilions round about him, dark waters, and thick clouds of the skies. <span class="ver">13</span>Through the brightness before him were coals of fire kindled. <span class="ver">14</span>The LORD thundered from heaven, and the most High uttered his voice. <span class="ver">15</span>And he sent out arrows, and scattered them; lightning, and discomfited them. <span class="ver">16</span>And the channels of the sea appeared, the foundations of the world were discovered, at the rebuking of the LORD, atM
the blast of the breath of his nostrils. <span class="ver">17</span>He sent from above, he took me; he drew me out of many waters; <span class="ver">18</span>He delivered me from my strong enemy, and from them that hated me: for they were too strong for me. <span class="ver">19</span>They prevented me in the day of my calamity: but the LORD was my stay. <span class="ver">20</span>He brought me forth also into a large place: he delivered me, because he delighted in me. <span class="ver">21</span>The LORD rewarded mM
e according to my righteousness: according to the cleanness of my hands hath he recompensed me. <span class="ver">22</span>For I have kept the ways of the LORD, and have not wickedly departed from my God. <span class="ver">23</span>For all his judgments were before me: and as for his statutes, I did not depart from them. <span class="ver">24</span>I was also upright before him, and have kept myself from mine iniquity. <span class="ver">25</span>Therefore the LORD hath recompensed me according to my righteousness; aM
ccording to my cleanness in his eye sight. <span class="ver">26</span>With the merciful thou wilt shew thyself merciful, and with the upright man thou wilt shew thyself upright. <span class="ver">27</span>With the pure thou wilt shew thyself pure; and with the froward thou wilt shew thyself unsavoury. <span class="ver">28</span>And the afflicted people thou wilt save: but thine eyes are upon the haughty, that thou mayest bring them down. <span class="ver">29</span>For thou art my lamp, O LORD: and the LORD will ligM
hten my darkness. <span class="ver">30</span>For by thee I have run through a troop: by my God have I leaped over a wall. <span class="ver">31</span>As for God, his way is perfect; the word of the LORD is tried: he is a buckler to all them that trust in him. <span class="ver">32</span>For who is God, save the LORD? and who is a rock, save our God? <span class="ver">33</span>God is my strength and power: and he maketh my way perfect. <span class="ver">34</span>He maketh my feet like hinds
feet: and setteth me upoM
n my high places. <span class="ver">35</span>He teacheth my hands to war; so that a bow of steel is broken by mine arms. <span class="ver">36</span>Thou hast also given me the shield of thy salvation: and thy gentleness hath made me great. <span class="ver">37</span>Thou hast enlarged my steps under me; so that my feet did not slip. <span class="ver">38</span>I have pursued mine enemies, and destroyed them; and turned not again until I had consumed them. <span class="ver">39</span>And I have consumed them, and wounM
ded them, that they could not arise: yea, they are fallen under my feet. <span class="ver">40</span>For thou hast girded me with strength to battle: them that rose up against me hast thou subdued under me. <span class="ver">41</span>Thou hast also given me the necks of mine enemies, that I might destroy them that hate me. <span class="ver">42</span>They looked, but there was none to save; even unto the LORD, but he answered them not. <span class="ver">43</span>Then did I beat them as small as the dust of the earth,M
I did stamp them as the mire of the street, and did spread them abroad. <span class="ver">44</span>Thou also hast delivered me from the strivings of my people, thou hast kept me to be head of the heathen: a people which I knew not shall serve me. <span class="ver">45</span>Strangers shall submit themselves unto me: as soon as they hear, they shall be obedient unto me. <span class="ver">46</span>Strangers shall fade away, and they shall be afraid out of their close places. <span class="ver">47</span>The LORD livethM
; and blessed be my rock; and exalted be the God of the rock of my salvation. <span class="ver">48</span>It is God that avengeth me, and that bringeth down the people under me, <span class="ver">49</span>And that bringeth me forth from mine enemies: thou also hast lifted me up on high above them that rose up against me: thou hast delivered me from the violent man. <span class="ver">50</span>Therefore I will give thanks unto thee, O LORD, among the heathen, and I will sing praises unto thy name. <span class="ver">51M
</span>He is the tower of salvation for his king: and sheweth mercy to his anointed, unto David, and to his seed for evermore.
<h2 id="c23">Chapter 23</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now these be the last words of David. David the son of Jesse said, and the man who was raised up on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet psalmist of Israel, said, <span class="ver">2</span>The Spirit of the LORD spake by me, and his word was in my tongue. <span class="ver">3</span>The God of Israel said, the RoM
ck of Israel spake to me, He that ruleth over men must be just, ruling in the fear of God. <span class="ver">4</span>And he shall be as the light of the morning, when the sun riseth, even a morning without clouds; as the tender grass springing out of the earth by clear shining after rain. <span class="ver">5</span>Although my house be not so with God; yet he hath made with me an everlasting covenant, ordered in all things, and sure: for this is all my salvation, and all my desire, although he make it not to grow. <M
<p><span class="ver">6</span>But the sons of Belial shall be all of them as thorns thrust away, because they cannot be taken with hands: <span class="ver">7</span>But the man that shall touch them must be fenced with iron and the staff of a spear; and they shall be utterly burned with fire in the same place. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>These be the names of the mighty men whom David had: The Tachmonite that sat in the seat, chief among the captains; the same was Adino the Eznite: he lift up his spear M
against eight hundred, whom he slew at one time. <span class="ver">9</span>And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo the Ahohite, one of the three mighty men with David, when they defied the Philistines that were there gathered together to battle, and the men of Israel were gone away: <span class="ver">10</span>He arose, and smote the Philistines until his hand was weary, and his hand clave unto the sword: and the LORD wrought a great victory that day; and the people returned after him only to spoil. <span class="vM
er">11</span>And after him was Shammah the son of Agee the Hararite. And the Philistines were gathered together into a troop, where was a piece of ground full of lentiles: and the people fled from the Philistines. <span class="ver">12</span>But he stood in the midst of the ground, and defended it, and slew the Philistines: and the LORD wrought a great victory. <span class="ver">13</span>And three of the thirty chief went down, and came to David in the harvest time unto the cave of Adullam: and the troop of the PhilM
istines pitched in the valley of Rephaim. <span class="ver">14</span>And David was then in an hold, and the garrison of the Philistines was then in Beth-lehem. <span class="ver">15</span>And David longed, and said, Oh that one would give me drink of the water of the well of Beth-lehem, which is by the gate! <span class="ver">16</span>And the three mighty men brake through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Beth-lehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David: nevertheleM
ss he would not drink thereof, but poured it out unto the LORD. <span class="ver">17</span>And he said, Be it far from me, O LORD, that I should do this: is not this the blood of the men that went in jeopardy of their lives? therefore he would not drink it. These things did these three mighty men. <span class="ver">18</span>And Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief among three. And he lifted up his spear against three hundred, and slew them, and had the name among three. <span class="ver">19</M
span>Was he not most honourable of three? therefore he was their captain: howbeit he attained not unto the first three. <span class="ver">20</span>And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man, of Kabzeel, who had done many acts, he slew two lionlike men of Moab: he went down also and slew a lion in the midst of a pit in time of snow: <span class="ver">21</span>And he slew an Egyptian, a goodly man: and the Egyptian had a spear in his hand; but he went down to him with a staff, and plucked the spear outM
s hand, and slew him with his own spear. <span class="ver">22</span>These things did Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and had the name among three mighty men. <span class="ver">23</span>He was more honourable than the thirty, but he attained not to the first three. And David set him over his guard. <span class="ver">24</span>Asahel the brother of Joab was one of the thirty; Elhanan the son of Dodo of Beth-lehem, <span class="ver">25</span>Shammah the Harodite, Elika the Harodite, <span class="ver">26M
</span>Helez the Paltite, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, <span class="ver">27</span>Abiezer the Anethothite, Mebunnai the Hushathite, <span class="ver">28</span>Zalmon the Ahohite, Maharai the Netophathite, <span class="ver">29</span>Heleb the son of Baanah, a Netophathite, Ittai the son of Ribai out of Gibeah of the children of Benjamin, <span class="ver">30</span>Benaiah the Pirathonite, Hiddai of the brooks of Gaash, <span class="ver">31</span>Abi-albon the Arbathite, Azmaveth the Barhumite, <span class="verM
">32</span>Eliahba the Shaalbonite, of the sons of Jashen, Jonathan, <span class="ver">33</span>Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite, <span class="ver">34</span>Eliphelet the son of Ahasbai, the son of the Maachathite, Eliam the son of Ahithophel the Gilonite, <span class="ver">35</span>Hezrai the Carmelite, Paarai the Arbite, <span class="ver">36</span>Igal the son of Nathan of Zobah, Bani the Gadite, <span class="ver">37</span>Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Beerothite, armourbearer to Joab M
the son of Zeruiah, <span class="ver">38</span>Ira an Ithrite, Gareb an Ithrite, <span class="ver">39</span>Uriah the Hittite: thirty and seven in all.
<h2 id="c24">Chapter 24</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And again the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel, and he moved David against them to say, Go, number Israel and Judah. <span class="ver">2</span>For the king said to Joab the captain of the host, which was with him, Go now through all the tribes of Israel, from Dan even to Beer-sheba, and numbM
er ye the people, that I may know the number of the people. <span class="ver">3</span>And Joab said unto the king, Now the LORD thy God add unto the people, how many soever they be, an hundredfold, and that the eyes of my lord the king may see it: but why doth my lord the king delight in this thing? <span class="ver">4</span>Notwithstanding the king
s word prevailed against Joab, and against the captains of the host. And Joab and the captains of the host went out from the presence of the king, to number the peoplM
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And they passed over Jordan, and pitched in Aroer, on the right side of the city that lieth in the midst of the river of Gad, and toward Jazer: <span class="ver">6</span>Then they came to Gilead, and to the land of Tahtim-hodshi; and they came to Dan-jaan, and about to Zidon, <span class="ver">7</span>And came to the strong hold of Tyre, and to all the cities of the Hivites, and of the Canaanites: and they went out to the south of Judah, even to Beer-sheba. <span claM
ss="ver">8</span>So when they had gone through all the land, they came to Jerusalem at the end of nine months and twenty days. <span class="ver">9</span>And Joab gave up the sum of the number of the people unto the king: and there were in Israel eight hundred thousand valiant men that drew the sword; and the men of Judah were five hundred thousand men. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And David
s heart smote him after that he had numbered the people. And David said unto the LORD, I have sinned greatly in thatM
I have done: and now, I beseech thee, O LORD, take away the iniquity of thy servant; for I have done very foolishly. <span class="ver">11</span>For when David was up in the morning, the word of the LORD came unto the prophet Gad, David
s seer, saying, <span class="ver">12</span>Go and say unto David, Thus saith the LORD, I offer thee three things; choose thee one of them, that I may do it unto thee. <span class="ver">13</span>So Gad came to David, and told him, and said unto him, Shall seven years of famine comeM
unto thee in thy land? or wilt thou flee three months before thine enemies, while they pursue thee? or that there be three days
pestilence in thy land? now advise, and see what answer I shall return to him that sent me. <span class="ver">14</span>And David said unto Gad, I am in a great strait: let us fall now into the hand of the LORD; for his mercies are great: and let me not fall into the hand of man. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>So the LORD sent a pestilence upon Israel from the morning even to the M
time appointed: and there died of the people from Dan even to Beer-sheba seventy thousand men. <span class="ver">16</span>And when the angel stretched out his hand upon Jerusalem to destroy it, the LORD repented him of the evil, and said to the angel that destroyed the people, It is enough: stay now thine hand. And the angel of the LORD was by the threshingplace of Araunah the Jebusite. <span class="ver">17</span>And David spake unto the LORD when he saw the angel that smote the people, and said, Lo, I have sinned,M
and I have done wickedly: but these sheep, what have they done? let thine hand, I pray thee, be against me, and against my father
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And Gad came that day to David, and said unto him, Go up, rear an altar unto the LORD in the threshingfloor of Araunah the Jebusite. <span class="ver">19</span>And David, according to the saying of Gad, went up as the LORD commanded. <span class="ver">20</span>And Araunah looked, and saw the king and his servants coming on toward him: and M
Araunah went out, and bowed himself before the king on his face upon the ground. <span class="ver">21</span>And Araunah said, Wherefore is my lord the king come to his servant? And David said, To buy the threshingfloor of thee, to build an altar unto the LORD, that the plague may be stayed from the people. <span class="ver">22</span>And Araunah said unto David, Let my lord the king take and offer up what seemeth good unto him: behold, here be oxen for burnt sacrifice, and threshing instruments and other instrumentsM
of the oxen for wood. <span class="ver">23</span>All these things did Araunah, as a king, give unto the king. And Araunah said unto the king, The LORD thy God accept thee. <span class="ver">24</span>And the king said unto Araunah, Nay; but I will surely buy it of thee at a price: neither will I offer burnt offerings unto the LORD my God of that which doth cost me nothing. So David bought the threshingfloor and the oxen for fifty shekels of silver. <span class="ver">25</span>And David built there an altar unto the M
LORD, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings. So the LORD was intreated for the land, and the plague was stayed from Israel. </p>
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<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="#c10">10</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of the LORD by the mouth of Jeremiah might be fulfilled, the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, that he mM
ade a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Thus saith Cyrus king of Persia, The LORD God of heaven hath given me all the kingdoms of the earth; and he hath charged me to build him an house at Jerusalem, which is in Judah. <span class="ver">3</span>Who is there among you of all his people? his God be with him, and let him go up to Jerusalem, which is in Judah, and build the house of the LORD God of Israel, (he is the God,) which is in Jerusalem. <spanM
class="ver">4</span>And whosoever remaineth in any place where he sojourneth, let the men of his place help him with silver, and with gold, and with goods, and with beasts, beside the freewill offering for the house of God that is in Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Then rose up the chief of the fathers of Judah and Benjamin, and the priests, and the Levites, with all them whose spirit God had raised, to go up to build the house of the LORD which is in Jerusalem. <span class="ver">6</span>And all theM
y that were about them strengthened their hands with vessels of silver, with gold, with goods, and with beasts, and with precious things, beside all that was willingly offered. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Also Cyrus the king brought forth the vessels of the house of the LORD, which Nebuchadnezzar had brought forth out of Jerusalem, and had put them in the house of his gods; <span class="ver">8</span>Even those did Cyrus king of Persia bring forth by the hand of Mithredath the treasurer, and numbered them unM
to Sheshbazzar, the prince of Judah. <span class="ver">9</span>And this is the number of them: thirty chargers of gold, a thousand chargers of silver, nine and twenty knives, <span class="ver">10</span>Thirty basons of gold, silver basons of a second sort four hundred and ten, and other vessels a thousand. <span class="ver">11</span>All the vessels of gold and of silver were five thousand and four hundred. All these did Sheshbazzar bring up with them of the captivity that were brought up from Babylon unto JerusalemM
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now these are the children of the province that went up out of the captivity, of those which had been carried away, whom Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon had carried away unto Babylon, and came again unto Jerusalem and Judah, every one unto his city; <span class="ver">2</span>Which came with Zerubbabel: Jeshua, Nehemiah, Seraiah, Reelaiah, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispar, Bigvai, Rehum, Baanah. The number of the men of the people of Israel: <span class="veM
r">3</span>The children of Parosh, two thousand an hundred seventy and two. <span class="ver">4</span>The children of Shephatiah, three hundred seventy and two. <span class="ver">5</span>The children of Arah, seven hundred seventy and five. <span class="ver">6</span>The children of Pahath-moab, of the children of Jeshua and Joab, two thousand eight hundred and twelve. <span class="ver">7</span>The children of Elam, a thousand two hundred fifty and four. <span class="ver">8</span>The children of Zattu, nine hundred M
forty and five. <span class="ver">9</span>The children of Zaccai, seven hundred and threescore. <span class="ver">10</span>The children of Bani, six hundred forty and two. <span class="ver">11</span>The children of Bebai, six hundred twenty and three. <span class="ver">12</span>The children of Azgad, a thousand two hundred twenty and two. <span class="ver">13</span>The children of Adonikam, six hundred sixty and six. <span class="ver">14</span>The children of Bigvai, two thousand fifty and six. <span class="ver">15M
</span>The children of Adin, four hundred fifty and four. <span class="ver">16</span>The children of Ater of Hezekiah, ninety and eight. <span class="ver">17</span>The children of Bezai, three hundred twenty and three. <span class="ver">18</span>The children of Jorah, an hundred and twelve. <span class="ver">19</span>The children of Hashum, two hundred twenty and three. <span class="ver">20</span>The children of Gibbar, ninety and five. <span class="ver">21</span>The children of Beth-lehem, an hundred twenty and thM
ree. <span class="ver">22</span>The men of Netophah, fifty and six. <span class="ver">23</span>The men of Anathoth, an hundred twenty and eight. <span class="ver">24</span>The children of Azmaveth, forty and two. <span class="ver">25</span>The children of Kirjath-arim, Chephirah, and Beeroth, seven hundred and forty and three. <span class="ver">26</span>The children of Ramah and Gaba, six hundred twenty and one. <span class="ver">27</span>The men of Michmas, an hundred twenty and two. <span class="ver">28</span>TheM
men of Beth-el and Ai, two hundred twenty and three. <span class="ver">29</span>The children of Nebo, fifty and two. <span class="ver">30</span>The children of Magbish, an hundred fifty and six. <span class="ver">31</span>The children of the other Elam, a thousand two hundred fifty and four. <span class="ver">32</span>The children of Harim, three hundred and twenty. <span class="ver">33</span>The children of Lod, Hadid, and Ono, seven hundred twenty and five. <span class="ver">34</span>The children of Jericho, thrM
ee hundred forty and five. <span class="ver">35</span>The children of Senaah, three thousand and six hundred and thirty. </p>
<p><span class="ver">36</span>The priests: the children of Jedaiah, of the house of Jeshua, nine hundred seventy and three. <span class="ver">37</span>The children of Immer, a thousand fifty and two. <span class="ver">38</span>The children of Pashur, a thousand two hundred forty and seven. <span class="ver">39</span>The children of Harim, a thousand and seventeen. </p>
<p><span class="veM
r">40</span>The Levites: the children of Jeshua and Kadmiel, of the children of Hodaviah, seventy and four. </p>
<p><span class="ver">41</span>The singers: the children of Asaph, an hundred twenty and eight. </p>
<p><span class="ver">42</span>The children of the porters: the children of Shallum, the children of Ater, the children of Talmon, the children of Akkub, the children of Hatita, the children of Shobai, in all an hundred thirty and nine. </p>
<p><span class="ver">43</span>The Nethinims: the children ofM
Ziha, the children of Hasupha, the children of Tabbaoth, <span class="ver">44</span>The children of Keros, the children of Siaha, the children of Padon, <span class="ver">45</span>The children of Lebanah, the children of Hagabah, the children of Akkub, <span class="ver">46</span>The children of Hagab, the children of Shalmai, the children of Hanan, <span class="ver">47</span>The children of Giddel, the children of Gahar, the children of Reaiah, <span class="ver">48</span>The children of Rezin, the children of NekoM
da, the children of Gazzam, <span class="ver">49</span>The children of Uzza, the children of Paseah, the children of Besai, <span class="ver">50</span>The children of Asnah, the children of Mehunim, the children of Nephusim, <span class="ver">51</span>The children of Bakbuk, the children of Hakupha, the children of Harhur, <span class="ver">52</span>The children of Bazluth, the children of Mehida, the children of Harsha, <span class="ver">53</span>The children of Barkos, the children of Sisera, the children of ThamM
ah, <span class="ver">54</span>The children of Neziah, the children of Hatipha. </p>
<p><span class="ver">55</span>The children of Solomon
s servants: the children of Sotai, the children of Sophereth, the children of Peruda, <span class="ver">56</span>The children of Jaalah, the children of Darkon, the children of Giddel, <span class="ver">57</span>The children of Shephatiah, the children of Hattil, the children of Pochereth of Zebaim, the children of Ami. <span class="ver">58</span>All the Nethinims, and the cM
s servants, were three hundred ninety and two. <span class="ver">59</span>And these were they which went up from Tel-melah, Tel-harsa, Cherub, Addan, and Immer: but they could not shew their father
s house, and their seed, whether they were of Israel: <span class="ver">60</span>The children of Delaiah, the children of Tobiah, the children of Nekoda, six hundred fifty and two. </p>
<p><span class="ver">61</span>And of the children of the priests: the children of Habaiah, the children of Koz,M
the children of Barzillai; which took a wife of the daughters of Barzillai the Gileadite, and was called after their name: <span class="ver">62</span>These sought their register among those that were reckoned by genealogy, but they were not found: therefore were they, as polluted, put from the priesthood. <span class="ver">63</span>And the Tirshatha said unto them, that they should not eat of the most holy things, till there stood up a priest with Urim and with Thummim. </p>
<p><span class="ver">64</span>The whoM
le congregation together was forty and two thousand three hundred and threescore, <span class="ver">65</span>Beside their servants and their maids, of whom there were seven thousand three hundred thirty and seven: and there were among them two hundred singing men and singing women. <span class="ver">66</span>Their horses were seven hundred thirty and six; their mules, two hundred forty and five; <span class="ver">67</span>Their camels, four hundred thirty and five; their asses, six thousand seven hundred and twentM
<p><span class="ver">68</span>And some of the chief of the fathers, when they came to the house of the LORD which is at Jerusalem, offered freely for the house of God to set it up in his place: <span class="ver">69</span>They gave after their ability unto the treasure of the work threescore and one thousand drams of gold, and five thousand pound of silver, and one hundred priests
garments. <span class="ver">70</span>So the priests, and the Levites, and some of the people, and the singers, and the porteM
rs, and the Nethinims, dwelt in their cities, and all Israel in their cities.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And when the seventh month was come, and the children of Israel were in the cities, the people gathered themselves together as one man to Jerusalem. <span class="ver">2</span>Then stood up Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and his brethren the priests, and Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and his brethren, and builded the altar of the God of Israel, to offer burnt offerings thereon, aM
s it is written in the law of Moses the man of God. <span class="ver">3</span>And they set the altar upon his bases; for fear was upon them because of the people of those countries: and they offered burnt offerings thereon unto the LORD, even burnt offerings morning and evening. <span class="ver">4</span>They kept also the feast of tabernacles, as it is written, and offered the daily burnt offerings by number, according to the custom, as the duty of every day required; <span class="ver">5</span>And afterward offereM
d the continual burnt offering, both of the new moons, and of all the set feasts of the LORD that were consecrated, and of every one that willingly offered a freewill offering unto the LORD. <span class="ver">6</span>From the first day of the seventh month began they to offer burnt offerings unto the LORD. But the foundation of the temple of the LORD was not yet laid. <span class="ver">7</span>They gave money also unto the masons, and to the carpenters; and meat, and drink, and oil, unto them of Zidon, and to them M
of Tyre, to bring cedar trees from Lebanon to the sea of Joppa, according to the grant that they had of Cyrus king of Persia. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Now in the second year of their coming unto the house of God at Jerusalem, in the second month, began Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and the remnant of their brethren the priests and the Levites, and all they that were come out of the captivity unto Jerusalem; and appointed the Levites, from twenty years old and upward, to M
set forward the work of the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">9</span>Then stood Jeshua with his sons and his brethren, Kadmiel and his sons, the sons of Judah, together, to set forward the workmen in the house of God: the sons of Henadad, with their sons and their brethren the Levites. <span class="ver">10</span>And when the builders laid the foundation of the temple of the LORD, they set the priests in their apparel with trumpets, and the Levites the sons of Asaph with cymbals, to praise the LORD, after the orM
dinance of David king of Israel. <span class="ver">11</span>And they sang together by course in praising and giving thanks unto the LORD; because he is good, for his mercy endureth for ever toward Israel. And all the people shouted with a great shout, when they praised the LORD, because the foundation of the house of the LORD was laid. <span class="ver">12</span>But many of the priests and Levites and chief of the fathers, who were ancient men, that had seen the first house, when the foundation of this house was laM
id before their eyes, wept with a loud voice; and many shouted aloud for joy: <span class="ver">13</span>So that the people could not discern the noise of the shout of joy from the noise of the weeping of the people: for the people shouted with a loud shout, and the noise was heard afar off.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now when the adversaries of Judah and Benjamin heard that the children of the captivity builded the temple unto the LORD God of Israel; <span class="ver">2</span>TheM
n they came to Zerubbabel, and to the chief of the fathers, and said unto them, Let us build with you: for we seek your God, as ye do; and we do sacrifice unto him since the days of Esar-haddon king of Assur, which brought us up hither. <span class="ver">3</span>But Zerubbabel, and Jeshua, and the rest of the chief of the fathers of Israel, said unto them, Ye have nothing to do with us to build an house unto our God; but we ourselves together will build unto the LORD God of Israel, as king Cyrus the king of Persia M
hath commanded us. <span class="ver">4</span>Then the people of the land weakened the hands of the people of Judah, and troubled them in building, <span class="ver">5</span>And hired counsellors against them, to frustrate their purpose, all the days of Cyrus king of Persia, even until the reign of Darius king of Persia. <span class="ver">6</span>And in the reign of Ahasuerus, in the beginning of his reign, wrote they unto him an accusation against the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">M
7</span>And in the days of Artaxerxes wrote Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel, and the rest of their companions, unto Artaxerxes king of Persia; and the writing of the letter was written in the Syrian tongue, and interpreted in the Syrian tongue. <span class="ver">8</span>Rehum the chancellor and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king in this sort: <span class="ver">9</span>Then wrote Rehum the chancellor, and Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their companions; the Dinaites, the ApM
harsathchites, the Tarpelites, the Apharsites, the Archevites, the Babylonians, the Susanchites, the Dehavites, and the Elamites, <span class="ver">10</span>And the rest of the nations whom the great and noble Asnappar brought over, and set in the cities of Samaria, and the rest that are on this side the river, and at such a time. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>This is the copy of the letter that they sent unto him, even unto Artaxerxes the king; Thy servants the men on this side the river, and at such a timeM
. <span class="ver">12</span>Be it known unto the king, that the Jews which came up from thee to us are come unto Jerusalem, building the rebellious and the bad city, and have set up the walls thereof, and joined the foundations. <span class="ver">13</span>Be it known now unto the king, that, if this city be builded, and the walls set up again, then will they not pay toll, tribute, and custom, and so thou shalt endamage the revenue of the kings. <span class="ver">14</span>Now because we have maintenance from the kiM
s palace, and it was not meet for us to see the king
s dishonour, therefore have we sent and certified the king; <span class="ver">15</span>That search may be made in the book of the records of thy fathers: so shalt thou find in the book of the records, and know that this city is a rebellious city, and hurtful unto kings and provinces, and that they have moved sedition within the same of old time: for which cause was this city destroyed. <span class="ver">16</span>We certify the king that, if this city be buM
ilded again, and the walls thereof set up, by this means thou shalt have no portion on this side the river. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Then sent the king an answer unto Rehum the chancellor, and to Shimshai the scribe, and to the rest of their companions that dwell in Samaria, and unto the rest beyond the river, Peace, and at such a time. <span class="ver">18</span>The letter which ye sent unto us hath been plainly read before me. <span class="ver">19</span>And I commanded, and search hath been made, and M
it is found that this city of old time hath made insurrection against kings, and that rebellion and sedition have been made therein. <span class="ver">20</span>There have been mighty kings also over Jerusalem, which have ruled over all countries beyond the river; and toll, tribute, and custom, was paid unto them. <span class="ver">21</span>Give ye now commandment to cause these men to cease, and that this city be not builded, until another commandment shall be given from me. <span class="ver">22</span>Take heed nowM
that ye fail not to do this: why should damage grow to the hurt of the kings? </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>Now when the copy of king Artaxerxes
letter was read before Rehum, and Shimshai the scribe, and their companions, they went up in haste to Jerusalem unto the Jews, and made them to cease by force and power. <span class="ver">24</span>Then ceased the work of the house of God which is at Jerusalem. So it ceased unto the second year of the reign of Darius king of Persia.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then the prophets, Haggai the prophet, and Zechariah the son of Iddo, prophesied unto the Jews that were in Judah and Jerusalem in the name of the God of Israel, even unto them. <span class="ver">2</span>Then rose up Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and began to build the house of God which is at Jerusalem: and with them were the prophets of God helping them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>At the same time came to them Tatnai, governor on this sideM
the river, and Shethar-boznai, and their companions, and said thus unto them, Who hath commanded you to build this house, and to make up this wall? <span class="ver">4</span>Then said we unto them after this manner, What are the names of the men that make this building? <span class="ver">5</span>But the eye of their God was upon the elders of the Jews, that they could not cause them to cease, till the matter came to Darius: and then they returned answer by letter concerning this matter. </p>
<p><span class="ver"M
>6</span>The copy of the letter that Tatnai, governor on this side the river, and Shethar-boznai, and his companions the Apharsachites, which were on this side the river, sent unto Darius the king: <span class="ver">7</span>They sent a letter unto him, wherein was written thus; Unto Darius the king, all peace. <span class="ver">8</span>Be it known unto the king, that we went into the province of Judea, to the house of the great God, which is builded with great stones, and timber is laid in the walls, and this work M
goeth fast on, and prospereth in their hands. <span class="ver">9</span>Then asked we those elders, and said unto them thus, Who commanded you to build this house, and to make up these walls? <span class="ver">10</span>We asked their names also, to certify thee, that we might write the names of the men that were the chief of them. <span class="ver">11</span>And thus they returned us answer, saying, We are the servants of the God of heaven and earth, and build the house that was builded these many years ago, which aM
great king of Israel builded and set up. <span class="ver">12</span>But after that our fathers had provoked the God of heaven unto wrath, he gave them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon, the Chaldean, who destroyed this house, and carried the people away into Babylon. <span class="ver">13</span>But in the first year of Cyrus the king of Babylon the same king Cyrus made a decree to build this house of God. <span class="ver">14</span>And the vessels also of gold and silver of the house of God, whichM
Nebuchadnezzar took out of the temple that was in Jerusalem, and brought them into the temple of Babylon, those did Cyrus the king take out of the temple of Babylon, and they were delivered unto one, whose name was Sheshbazzar, whom he had made governor; <span class="ver">15</span>And said unto him, Take these vessels, go, carry them into the temple that is in Jerusalem, and let the house of God be builded in his place. <span class="ver">16</span>Then came the same Sheshbazzar, and laid the foundation of the houseM
of God which is in Jerusalem: and since that time even until now hath it been in building, and yet it is not finished. <span class="ver">17</span>Now therefore, if it seem good to the king, let there be search made in the king
s treasure house, which is there at Babylon, whether it be so, that a decree was made of Cyrus the king to build this house of God at Jerusalem, and let the king send his pleasure to us concerning this matter.
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then Darius the kiM
ng made a decree, and search was made in the house of the rolls, where the treasures were laid up in Babylon. <span class="ver">2</span>And there was found at Achmetha, in the palace that is in the province of the Medes, a roll, and therein was a record thus written: <span class="ver">3</span>In the first year of Cyrus the king the same Cyrus the king made a decree concerning the house of God at Jerusalem, Let the house be builded, the place where they offered sacrifices, and let the foundations thereof be stronglyM
laid; the height thereof threescore cubits, and the breadth thereof threescore cubits; <span class="ver">4</span>With three rows of great stones, and a row of new timber: and let the expenses be given out of the king
s house: <span class="ver">5</span>And also let the golden and silver vessels of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar took forth out of the temple which is at Jerusalem, and brought unto Babylon, be restored, and brought again unto the temple which is at Jerusalem, every one to his place, and placM
e them in the house of God. <span class="ver">6</span>Now therefore, Tatnai, governor beyond the river, Shethar-boznai, and your companions the Apharsachites, which are beyond the river, be ye far from thence: <span class="ver">7</span>Let the work of this house of God alone; let the governor of the Jews and the elders of the Jews build this house of God in his place. <span class="ver">8</span>Moreover I make a decree what ye shall do to the elders of these Jews for the building of this house of God: that of the kiM
s goods, even of the tribute beyond the river, forthwith expenses be given unto these men, that they be not hindered. <span class="ver">9</span>And that which they have need of, both young bullocks, and rams, and lambs, for the burnt offerings of the God of heaven, wheat, salt, wine, and oil, according to the appointment of the priests which are at Jerusalem, let it be given them day by day without fail: <span class="ver">10</span>That they may offer sacrifices of sweet savours unto the God of heaven, and prayM
for the life of the king, and of his sons. <span class="ver">11</span>Also I have made a decree, that whosoever shall alter this word, let timber be pulled down from his house, and being set up, let him be hanged thereon; and let his house be made a dunghill for this. <span class="ver">12</span>And the God that hath caused his name to dwell there destroy all kings and people, that shall put to their hand to alter and to destroy this house of God which is at Jerusalem. I Darius have made a decree; let it be done wiM
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Then Tatnai, governor on this side the river, Shethar-boznai, and their companions, according to that which Darius the king had sent, so they did speedily. <span class="ver">14</span>And the elders of the Jews builded, and they prospered through the prophesying of Haggai the prophet and Zechariah the son of Iddo. And they builded, and finished it, according to the commandment of the God of Israel, and according to the commandment of Cyrus, and Darius, and Artaxerxes kiM
ng of Persia. <span class="ver">15</span>And this house was finished on the third day of the month Adar, which was in the sixth year of the reign of Darius the king. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And the children of Israel, the priests, and the Levites, and the rest of the children of the captivity, kept the dedication of this house of God with joy, <span class="ver">17</span>And offered at the dedication of this house of God an hundred bullocks, two hundred rams, four hundred lambs; and for a sin offering fM
or all Israel, twelve he goats, according to the number of the tribes of Israel. <span class="ver">18</span>And they set the priests in their divisions, and the Levites in their courses, for the service of God, which is at Jerusalem; as it is written in the book of Moses. <span class="ver">19</span>And the children of the captivity kept the passover upon the fourteenth day of the first month. <span class="ver">20</span>For the priests and the Levites were purified together, all of them were pure, and killed the pasM
sover for all the children of the captivity, and for their brethren the priests, and for themselves. <span class="ver">21</span>And the children of Israel, which were come again out of captivity, and all such as had separated themselves unto them from the filthiness of the heathen of the land, to seek the LORD God of Israel, did eat, <span class="ver">22</span>And kept the feast of unleavened bread seven days with joy: for the LORD had made them joyful, and turned the heart of the king of Assyria unto them, to streM
ngthen their hands in the work of the house of God, the God of Israel.
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now after these things, in the reign of Artaxerxes king of Persia, Ezra the son of Seraiah, the son of Azariah, the son of Hilkiah, <span class="ver">2</span>The son of Shallum, the son of Zadok, the son of Ahitub, <span class="ver">3</span>The son of Amariah, the son of Azariah, the son of Meraioth, <span class="ver">4</span>The son of Zerahiah, the son of Uzzi, the son of Bukki, <spM
an class="ver">5</span>The son of Abishua, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the chief priest: <span class="ver">6</span>This Ezra went up from Babylon; and he was a ready scribe in the law of Moses, which the LORD God of Israel had given: and the king granted him all his request, according to the hand of the LORD his God upon him. <span class="ver">7</span>And there went up some of the children of Israel, and of the priests, and the Levites, and the singers, and the porters, and the NethiniM
ms, unto Jerusalem, in the seventh year of Artaxerxes the king. <span class="ver">8</span>And he came to Jerusalem in the fifth month, which was in the seventh year of the king. <span class="ver">9</span>For upon the first day of the first month began he to go up from Babylon, and on the first day of the fifth month came he to Jerusalem, according to the good hand of his God upon him. <span class="ver">10</span>For Ezra had prepared his heart to seek the law of the LORD, and to do it, and to teach in Israel statuteM
s and judgments. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Now this is the copy of the letter that the king Artaxerxes gave unto Ezra the priest, the scribe, even a scribe of the words of the commandments of the LORD, and of his statutes to Israel. <span class="ver">12</span>Artaxerxes, king of kings, unto Ezra the priest, a scribe of the law of the God of heaven, perfect peace, and at such a time. <span class="ver">13</span>I make a decree, that all they of the people of Israel, and of his priests and Levites, in my reM
alm, which are minded of their own freewill to go up to Jerusalem, go with thee. <span class="ver">14</span>Forasmuch as thou art sent of the king, and of his seven counsellors, to enquire concerning Judah and Jerusalem, according to the law of thy God which is in thine hand; <span class="ver">15</span>And to carry the silver and gold, which the king and his counsellors have freely offered unto the God of Israel, whose habitation is in Jerusalem, <span class="ver">16</span>And all the silver and gold that thou cansM
t find in all the province of Babylon, with the freewill offering of the people, and of the priests, offering willingly for the house of their God which is in Jerusalem: <span class="ver">17</span>That thou mayest buy speedily with this money bullocks, rams, lambs, with their meat offerings and their drink offerings, and offer them upon the altar of the house of your God which is in Jerusalem. <span class="ver">18</span>And whatsoever shall seem good to thee, and to thy brethren, to do with the rest of the silver aM
nd the gold, that do after the will of your God. <span class="ver">19</span>The vessels also that are given thee for the service of the house of thy God, those deliver thou before the God of Jerusalem. <span class="ver">20</span>And whatsoever more shall be needful for the house of thy God, which thou shalt have occasion to bestow, bestow it out of the king
s treasure house. <span class="ver">21</span>And I, even I Artaxerxes the king, do make a decree to all the treasurers which are beyond the river, that whatsoM
ever Ezra the priest, the scribe of the law of the God of heaven, shall require of you, it be done speedily, <span class="ver">22</span>Unto an hundred talents of silver, and to an hundred measures of wheat, and to an hundred baths of wine, and to an hundred baths of oil, and salt without prescribing how much. <span class="ver">23</span>Whatsoever is commanded by the God of heaven, let it be diligently done for the house of the God of heaven: for why should there be wrath against the realm of the king and his sons?M
<span class="ver">24</span>Also we certify you, that touching any of the priests and Levites, singers, porters, Nethinims, or ministers of this house of God, it shall not be lawful to impose toll, tribute, or custom, upon them. <span class="ver">25</span>And thou, Ezra, after the wisdom of thy God, that is in thine hand, set magistrates and judges, which may judge all the people that are beyond the river, all such as know the laws of thy God; and teach ye them that know them not. <span class="ver">26</span>And whoM
soever will not do the law of thy God, and the law of the king, let judgment be executed speedily upon him, whether it be unto death, or to banishment, or to confiscation of goods, or to imprisonment. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>Blessed be the LORD God of our fathers, which hath put such a thing as this in the king
s heart, to beautify the house of the LORD which is in Jerusalem: <span class="ver">28</span>And hath extended mercy unto me before the king, and his counsellors, and before all the king
ighty princes. And I was strengthened as the hand of the LORD my God was upon me, and I gathered together out of Israel chief men to go up with me.
<h2 id="c8">Chapter 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>These are now the chief of their fathers, and this is the genealogy of them that went up with me from Babylon, in the reign of Artaxerxes the king. <span class="ver">2</span>Of the sons of Phinehas; Gershom: of the sons of Ithamar; Daniel: of the sons of David; Hattush. <span class="ver">3</span>Of the sons oM
f Shechaniah, of the sons of Pharosh; Zechariah: and with him were reckoned by genealogy of the males an hundred and fifty. <span class="ver">4</span>Of the sons of Pahath-moab; Elihoenai the son of Zerahiah, and with him two hundred males. <span class="ver">5</span>Of the sons of Shechaniah; the son of Jahaziel, and with him three hundred males. <span class="ver">6</span>Of the sons also of Adin; Ebed the son of Jonathan, and with him fifty males. <span class="ver">7</span>And of the sons of Elam; Jeshaiah the sonM
of Athaliah, and with him seventy males. <span class="ver">8</span>And of the sons of Shephatiah; Zebadiah the son of Michael, and with him fourscore males. <span class="ver">9</span>Of the sons of Joab; Obadiah the son of Jehiel, and with him two hundred and eighteen males. <span class="ver">10</span>And of the sons of Shelomith; the son of Josiphiah, and with him an hundred and threescore males. <span class="ver">11</span>And of the sons of Bebai; Zechariah the son of Bebai, and with him twenty and eight males. M
<span class="ver">12</span>And of the sons of Azgad; Johanan the son of Hakkatan, and with him an hundred and ten males. <span class="ver">13</span>And of the last sons of Adonikam, whose names are these, Eliphelet, Jeiel, and Shemaiah, and with them threescore males. <span class="ver">14</span>Of the sons also of Bigvai; Uthai, and Zabbud, and with them seventy males. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And I gathered them together to the river that runneth to Ahava; and there abode we in tents three days: and I M
viewed the people, and the priests, and found there none of the sons of Levi. <span class="ver">16</span>Then sent I for Eliezer, for Ariel, for Shemaiah, and for Elnathan, and for Jarib, and for Elnathan, and for Nathan, and for Zechariah, and for Meshullam, chief men; also for Joiarib, and for Elnathan, men of understanding. <span class="ver">17</span>And I sent them with commandment unto Iddo the chief at the place Casiphia, and I told them what they should say unto Iddo, and to his brethren the Nethinims, at thM
e place Casiphia, that they should bring unto us ministers for the house of our God. <span class="ver">18</span>And by the good hand of our God upon us they brought us a man of understanding, of the sons of Mahli, the son of Levi, the son of Israel; and Sherebiah, with his sons and his brethren, eighteen; <span class="ver">19</span>And Hashabiah, and with him Jeshaiah of the sons of Merari, his brethren and their sons, twenty; <span class="ver">20</span>Also of the Nethinims, whom David and the princes had appointeM
d for the service of the Levites, two hundred and twenty Nethinims: all of them were expressed by name. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Then I proclaimed a fast there, at the river of Ahava, that we might afflict ourselves before our God, to seek of him a right way for us, and for our little ones, and for all our substance. <span class="ver">22</span>For I was ashamed to require of the king a band of soldiers and horsemen to help us against the enemy in the way: because we had spoken unto the king, saying, TheM
hand of our God is upon all them for good that seek him; but his power and his wrath is against all them that forsake him. <span class="ver">23</span>So we fasted and besought our God for this: and he was intreated of us. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>Then I separated twelve of the chief of the priests, Sherebiah, Hashabiah, and ten of their brethren with them, <span class="ver">25</span>And weighed unto them the silver, and the gold, and the vessels, even the offering of the house of our God, which the kinM
g, and his counsellors, and his lords, and all Israel there present, had offered: <span class="ver">26</span>I even weighed unto their hand six hundred and fifty talents of silver, and silver vessels an hundred talents, and of gold an hundred talents; <span class="ver">27</span>Also twenty basons of gold, of a thousand drams; and two vessels of fine copper, precious as gold. <span class="ver">28</span>And I said unto them, Ye are holy unto the LORD; the vessels are holy also; and the silver and the gold are a freewM
ill offering unto the LORD God of your fathers. <span class="ver">29</span>Watch ye, and keep them, until ye weigh them before the chief of the priests and the Levites, and chief of the fathers of Israel, at Jerusalem, in the chambers of the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">30</span>So took the priests and the Levites the weight of the silver, and the gold, and the vessels, to bring them to Jerusalem unto the house of our God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>Then we departed from the river of Ahava on the M
twelfth day of the first month, to go unto Jerusalem: and the hand of our God was upon us, and he delivered us from the hand of the enemy, and of such as lay in wait by the way. <span class="ver">32</span>And we came to Jerusalem, and abode there three days. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>Now on the fourth day was the silver and the gold and the vessels weighed in the house of our God by the hand of Meremoth the son of Uriah the priest; and with him was Eleazar the son of Phinehas; and with them was Jozabad tM
he son of Jeshua, and Noadiah the son of Binnui, Levites; <span class="ver">34</span>By number and by weight of every one: and all the weight was written at that time. <span class="ver">35</span>Also the children of those that had been carried away, which were come out of the captivity, offered burnt offerings unto the God of Israel, twelve bullocks for all Israel, ninety and six rams, seventy and seven lambs, twelve he goats for a sin offering: all this was a burnt offering unto the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="veM
r">36</span>And they delivered the king
s commissions unto the king
s lieutenants, and to the governors on this side the river: and they furthered the people, and the house of God.
<h2 id="c9">Chapter 9</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now when these things were done, the princes came to me, saying, The people of Israel, and the priests, and the Levites, have not separated themselves from the people of the lands, doing according to their abominations, even of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Perizzites,M
the Jebusites, the Ammonites, the Moabites, the Egyptians, and the Amorites. <span class="ver">2</span>For they have taken of their daughters for themselves, and for their sons: so that the holy seed have mingled themselves with the people of those lands: yea, the hand of the princes and rulers hath been chief in this trespass. <span class="ver">3</span>And when I heard this thing, I rent my garment and my mantle, and plucked off the hair of my head and of my beard, and sat down astonied. <span class="ver">4</spanM
>Then were assembled unto me every one that trembled at the words of the God of Israel, because of the transgression of those that had been carried away; and I sat astonied until the evening sacrifice. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And at the evening sacrifice I arose up from my heaviness; and having rent my garment and my mantle, I fell upon my knees, and spread out my hands unto the LORD my God, <span class="ver">6</span>And said, O my God, I am ashamed and blush to lift up my face to thee, my God: for our M
iniquities are increased over our head, and our trespass is grown up unto the heavens. <span class="ver">7</span>Since the days of our fathers have we been in a great trespass unto this day; and for our iniquities have we, our kings, and our priests, been delivered into the hand of the kings of the lands, to the sword, to captivity, and to a spoil, and to confusion of face, as it is this day. <span class="ver">8</span>And now for a little space grace hath been shewed from the LORD our God, to leave us a remnant to M
escape, and to give us a nail in his holy place, that our God may lighten our eyes, and give us a little reviving in our bondage. <span class="ver">9</span>For we were bondmen; yet our God hath not forsaken us in our bondage, but hath extended mercy unto us in the sight of the kings of Persia, to give us a reviving, to set up the house of our God, and to repair the desolations thereof, and to give us a wall in Judah and in Jerusalem. <span class="ver">10</span>And now, O our God, what shall we say after this? for wM
e have forsaken thy commandments, <span class="ver">11</span>Which thou hast commanded by thy servants the prophets, saying, The land, unto which ye go to possess it, is an unclean land with the filthiness of the people of the lands, with their abominations, which have filled it from one end to another with their uncleanness. <span class="ver">12</span>Now therefore give not your daughters unto their sons, neither take their daughters unto your sons, nor seek their peace or their wealth for ever: that ye may be strM
ong, and eat the good of the land, and leave it for an inheritance to your children for ever. <span class="ver">13</span>And after all that is come upon us for our evil deeds, and for our great trespass, seeing that thou our God hast punished us less than our iniquities deserve, and hast given us such deliverance as this; <span class="ver">14</span>Should we again break thy commandments, and join in affinity with the people of these abominations? wouldest not thou be angry with us till thou hadst consumed us, so thM
at there should be no remnant nor escaping? <span class="ver">15</span>O LORD God of Israel, thou art righteous: for we remain yet escaped, as it is this day: behold, we are before thee in our trespasses: for we cannot stand before thee because of this.
<h2 id="c10">Chapter 10</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now when Ezra had prayed, and when he had confessed, weeping and casting himself down before the house of God, there assembled unto him out of Israel a very great congregation of men and women and childM
ren: for the people wept very sore. <span class="ver">2</span>And Shechaniah the son of Jehiel, one of the sons of Elam, answered and said unto Ezra, We have trespassed against our God, and have taken strange wives of the people of the land: yet now there is hope in Israel concerning this thing. <span class="ver">3</span>Now therefore let us make a covenant with our God to put away all the wives, and such as are born of them, according to the counsel of my lord, and of those that tremble at the commandment of our GM
od; and let it be done according to the law. <span class="ver">4</span>Arise; for this matter belongeth unto thee: we also will be with thee: be of good courage, and do it. <span class="ver">5</span>Then arose Ezra, and made the chief priests, the Levites, and all Israel, to swear that they should do according to this word. And they sware. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Then Ezra rose up from before the house of God, and went into the chamber of Johanan the son of Eliashib: and when he came thither, he did eatM
no bread, nor drink water: for he mourned because of the transgression of them that had been carried away. <span class="ver">7</span>And they made proclamation throughout Judah and Jerusalem unto all the children of the captivity, that they should gather themselves together unto Jerusalem; <span class="ver">8</span>And that whosoever would not come within three days, according to the counsel of the princes and the elders, all his substance should be forfeited, and himself separated from the congregation of those tM
hat had been carried away. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Then all the men of Judah and Benjamin gathered themselves together unto Jerusalem within three days. It was the ninth month, on the twentieth day of the month; and all the people sat in the street of the house of God, trembling because of this matter, and for the great rain. <span class="ver">10</span>And Ezra the priest stood up, and said unto them, Ye have transgressed, and have taken strange wives, to increase the trespass of Israel. <span class="veM
r">11</span>Now therefore make confession unto the LORD God of your fathers, and do his pleasure: and separate yourselves from the people of the land, and from the strange wives. <span class="ver">12</span>Then all the congregation answered and said with a loud voice, As thou hast said, so must we do. <span class="ver">13</span>But the people are many, and it is a time of much rain, and we are not able to stand without, neither is this a work of one day or two: for we are many that have transgressed in this thing. M
<span class="ver">14</span>Let now our rulers of all the congregation stand, and let all them which have taken strange wives in our cities come at appointed times, and with them the elders of every city, and the judges thereof, until the fierce wrath of our God for this matter be turned from us. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Only Jonathan the son of Asahel and Jahaziah the son of Tikvah were employed about this matter: and Meshullam and Shabbethai the Levite helped them. <span class="ver">16</span>And the chM
ildren of the captivity did so. And Ezra the priest, with certain chief of the fathers, after the house of their fathers, and all of them by their names, were separated, and sat down in the first day of the tenth month to examine the matter. <span class="ver">17</span>And they made an end with all the men that had taken strange wives by the first day of the first month. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And among the sons of the priests there were found that had taken strange wives: namely, of the sons of JeshuaM
the son of Jozadak, and his brethren; Maaseiah, and Eliezer, and Jarib, and Gedaliah. <span class="ver">19</span>And they gave their hands that they would put away their wives; and being guilty, they offered a ram of the flock for their trespass. <span class="ver">20</span>And of the sons of Immer; Hanani, and Zebadiah. <span class="ver">21</span>And of the sons of Harim; Maaseiah, and Elijah, and Shemaiah, and Jehiel, and Uzziah. <span class="ver">22</span>And of the sons of Pashur; Elioenai, Maaseiah, Ishmael, NM
ethaneel, Jozabad, and Elasah. <span class="ver">23</span>Also of the Levites; Jozabad, and Shimei, and Kelaiah, (the same is Kelita,) Pethahiah, Judah, and Eliezer. <span class="ver">24</span>Of the singers also; Eliashib: and of the porters; Shallum, and Telem, and Uri. <span class="ver">25</span>Moreover of Israel: of the sons of Parosh; Ramiah, and Jeziah, and Malchiah, and Miamin, and Eleazar, and Malchijah, and Benaiah. <span class="ver">26</span>And of the sons of Elam; Mattaniah, Zechariah, and Jehiel, and M
Abdi, and Jeremoth, and Eliah. <span class="ver">27</span>And of the sons of Zattu; Elioenai, Eliashib, Mattaniah, and Jeremoth, and Zabad, and Aziza. <span class="ver">28</span>Of the sons also of Bebai; Jehohanan, Hananiah, Zabbai, and Athlai. <span class="ver">29</span>And of the sons of Bani; Meshullam, Malluch, and Adaiah, Jashub, and Sheal, and Ramoth. <span class="ver">30</span>And of the sons of Pahath-moab; Adna, and Chelal, Benaiah, Maaseiah, Mattaniah, Bezaleel, and Binnui, and Manasseh. <span class="verM
">31</span>And of the sons of Harim; Eliezer, Ishijah, Malchiah, Shemaiah, Shimeon, <span class="ver">32</span>Benjamin, Malluch, and Shemariah. <span class="ver">33</span>Of the sons of Hashum; Mattenai, Mattathah, Zabad, Eliphelet, Jeremai, Manasseh, and Shimei. <span class="ver">34</span>Of the sons of Bani; Maadai, Amram, and Uel, <span class="ver">35</span>Benaiah, Bedeiah, Chelluh, <span class="ver">36</span>Vaniah, Meremoth, Eliashib, <span class="ver">37</span>Mattaniah, Mattenai, and Jaasau, <span class="vM
er">38</span>And Bani, and Binnui, Shimei, <span class="ver">39</span>And Shelemiah, and Nathan, and Adaiah, <span class="ver">40</span>Machnadebai, Shashai, Sharai, <span class="ver">41</span>Azareel, and Shelemiah, Shemariah, <span class="ver">42</span>Shallum, Amariah, and Joseph. <span class="ver">43</span>Of the sons of Nebo; Jeiel, Mattithiah, Zabad, Zebina, Jadau, and Joel, Benaiah. <span class="ver">44</span>All these had taken strange wives: and some of them had wives by whom they had children. </p>
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<title>BOOK OF JOB</title>
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<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</a></li>M
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="#c10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="#c11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="#c12">12</a></li>
<li><a href="#c13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="#c14">14</a></li>
<li><a href="#c15">15</a></li>
<li><a href="#c16">16</a><M
<li><a href="#c17">17</a></li>
<li><a href="#c18">18</a></li>
<li><a href="#c19">19</a></li>
<li><a href="#c20">20</a></li>
<li><a href="#c21">21</a></li>
<li><a href="#c22">22</a></li>
<li><a href="#c23">23</a></li>
<li><a href="#c24">24</a></li>
<li><a href="#c25">25</a></li>
<li><a href="#c26">26</a></li>
<li><a href="#c27">27</a></li>
<li><a href="#c28">28</a></li>
<li><a href="#c29">29</a></li>
<li><a href="#c30">30</a></li>
href="#c31">31</a></li>
<li><a href="#c32">32</a></li>
<li><a href="#c33">33</a></li>
<li><a href="#c34">34</a></li>
<li><a href="#c35">35</a></li>
<li><a href="#c36">36</a></li>
<li><a href="#c37">37</a></li>
<li><a href="#c38">38</a></li>
<li><a href="#c39">39</a></li>
<li><a href="#c40">40</a></li>
<li><a href="#c41">41</a></li>
<li><a href="#c42">42</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>There was a man iM
n the land of Uz, whose name was Job; and that man was perfect and upright, and one that feared God, and eschewed evil. <span class="ver">2</span>And there were born unto him seven sons and three daughters. <span class="ver">3</span>His substance also was seven thousand sheep, and three thousand camels, and five hundred yoke of oxen, and five hundred she asses, and a very great household; so that this man was the greatest of all the men of the east. <span class="ver">4</span>And his sons went and feasted in their hM
ouses, every one his day; and sent and called for their three sisters to eat and to drink with them. <span class="ver">5</span>And it was so, when the days of their feasting were gone about, that Job sent and sanctified them, and rose up early in the morning, and offered burnt offerings according to the number of them all: for Job said, It may be that my sons have sinned, and cursed God in their hearts. Thus did Job continually. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Now there was a day when the sons of God came to prM
esent themselves before the LORD, and Satan came also among them. <span class="ver">7</span>And the LORD said unto Satan, Whence comest thou? Then Satan answered the LORD, and said, From going to and fro in the earth, and from walking up and down in it. <span class="ver">8</span>And the LORD said unto Satan, Hast thou considered my servant Job, that there is none like him in the earth, a perfect and an upright man, one that feareth God, and escheweth evil? <span class="ver">9</span>Then Satan answered the LORD, andM
said, Doth Job fear God for nought? <span class="ver">10</span>Hast not thou made an hedge about him, and about his house, and about all that he hath on every side? thou hast blessed the work of his hands, and his substance is increased in the land. <span class="ver">11</span>But put forth thine hand now, and touch all that he hath, and he will curse thee to thy face. <span class="ver">12</span>And the LORD said unto Satan, Behold, all that he hath is in thy power; only upon himself put not forth thine hand. So SaM
tan went forth from the presence of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And there was a day when his sons and his daughters were eating and drinking wine in their eldest brother
s house: <span class="ver">14</span>And there came a messenger unto Job, and said, The oxen were plowing, and the asses feeding beside them: <span class="ver">15</span>And the Sabeans fell upon them, and took them away; yea, they have slain the servants with the edge of the sword; and I only am escaped alone to tell thee. <spanM
class="ver">16</span>While he was yet speaking, there came also another, and said, The fire of God is fallen from heaven, and hath burned up the sheep, and the servants, and consumed them; and I only am escaped alone to tell thee. <span class="ver">17</span>While he was yet speaking, there came also another, and said, The Chaldeans made out three bands, and fell upon the camels, and have carried them away, yea, and slain the servants with the edge of the sword; and I only am escaped alone to tell thee. <span classM
="ver">18</span>While he was yet speaking, there came also another, and said, Thy sons and thy daughters were eating and drinking wine in their eldest brother
s house: <span class="ver">19</span>And, behold, there came a great wind from the wilderness, and smote the four corners of the house, and it fell upon the young men, and they are dead; and I only am escaped alone to tell thee. <span class="ver">20</span>Then Job arose, and rent his mantle, and shaved his head, and fell down upon the ground, and worshipped,M
<span class="ver">21</span>And said, Naked came I out of my mother
s womb, and naked shall I return thither: the LORD gave, and the LORD hath taken away; blessed be the name of the LORD. <span class="ver">22</span>In all this Job sinned not, nor charged God foolishly.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Again there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves before the LORD, and Satan came also among them to present himself before the LORD. <span class="ver">2</span>And thM
e LORD said unto Satan, From whence comest thou? And Satan answered the LORD, and said, From going to and fro in the earth, and from walking up and down in it. <span class="ver">3</span>And the LORD said unto Satan, Hast thou considered my servant Job, that there is none like him in the earth, a perfect and an upright man, one that feareth God, and escheweth evil? and still he holdeth fast his integrity, although thou movedst me against him, to destroy him without cause. <span class="ver">4</span>And Satan answeredM
the LORD, and said, Skin for skin, yea, all that a man hath will he give for his life. <span class="ver">5</span>But put forth thine hand now, and touch his bone and his flesh, and he will curse thee to thy face. <span class="ver">6</span>And the LORD said unto Satan, Behold, he is in thine hand; but save his life. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>So went Satan forth from the presence of the LORD, and smote Job with sore boils from the sole of his foot unto his crown. <span class="ver">8</span>And he took him aM
potsherd to scrape himself withal; and he sat down among the ashes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Then said his wife unto him, Dost thou still retain thine integrity? curse God, and die. <span class="ver">10</span>But he said unto her, Thou speakest as one of the foolish women speaketh. What? shall we receive good at the hand of God, and shall we not receive evil? In all this did not Job sin with his lips. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Now when Job
s three friends heard of all this evil that was comM
e upon him, they came every one from his own place; Eliphaz the Temanite, and Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite: for they had made an appointment together to come to mourn with him and to comfort him. <span class="ver">12</span>And when they lifted up their eyes afar off, and knew him not, they lifted up their voice, and wept; and they rent every one his mantle, and sprinkled dust upon their heads toward heaven. <span class="ver">13</span>So they sat down with him upon the ground seven days and seven niM
ghts, and none spake a word unto him: for they saw that his grief was very great.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>After this opened Job his mouth, and cursed his day. <span class="ver">2</span>And Job spake, and said, <span class="ver">3</span>Let the day perish wherein I was born, and the night in which it was said, There is a man child conceived. <span class="ver">4</span>Let that day be darkness; let not God regard it from above, neither let the light shine upon it. <span class="verM
">5</span>Let darkness and the shadow of death stain it; let a cloud dwell upon it; let the blackness of the day terrify it. <span class="ver">6</span>As for that night, let darkness seize upon it; let it not be joined unto the days of the year, let it not come into the number of the months. <span class="ver">7</span>Lo, let that night be solitary, let no joyful voice come therein. <span class="ver">8</span>Let them curse it that curse the day, who are ready to raise up their mourning. <span class="ver">9</span>LetM
the stars of the twilight thereof be dark; let it look for light, but have none; neither let it see the dawning of the day: <span class="ver">10</span>Because it shut not up the doors of my mother
s womb, nor hid sorrow from mine eyes. <span class="ver">11</span>Why died I not from the womb? why did I not give up the ghost when I came out of the belly? <span class="ver">12</span>Why did the knees prevent me? or why the breasts that I should suck? <span class="ver">13</span>For now should I have lain still and beM
en quiet, I should have slept: then had I been at rest, <span class="ver">14</span>With kings and counsellors of the earth, which built desolate places for themselves; <span class="ver">15</span>Or with princes that had gold, who filled their houses with silver: <span class="ver">16</span>Or as an hidden untimely birth I had not been; as infants which never saw light. <span class="ver">17</span>There the wicked cease from troubling; and there the weary be at rest. <span class="ver">18</span>There the prisoners restM
together; they hear not the voice of the oppressor. <span class="ver">19</span>The small and great are there; and the servant is free from his master. <span class="ver">20</span>Wherefore is light given to him that is in misery, and life unto the bitter in soul; <span class="ver">21</span>Which long for death, but it cometh not; and dig for it more than for hid treasures; <span class="ver">22</span>Which rejoice exceedingly, and are glad, when they can find the grave? <span class="ver">23</span>Why is light given M
to a man whose way is hid, and whom God hath hedged in? <span class="ver">24</span>For my sighing cometh before I eat, and my roarings are poured out like the waters. <span class="ver">25</span>For the thing which I greatly feared is come upon me, and that which I was afraid of is come unto me. <span class="ver">26</span>I was not in safety, neither had I rest, neither was I quiet; yet trouble came.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then Eliphaz the Temanite answered and said, <span clasM
s="ver">2</span>If we assay to commune with thee, wilt thou be grieved? but who can withhold himself from speaking? <span class="ver">3</span>Behold, thou hast instructed many, and thou hast strengthened the weak hands. <span class="ver">4</span>Thy words have upholden him that was falling, and thou hast strengthened the feeble knees. <span class="ver">5</span>But now it is come upon thee, and thou faintest; it toucheth thee, and thou art troubled. <span class="ver">6</span>Is not this thy fear, thy confidence, thyM
hope, and the uprightness of thy ways? <span class="ver">7</span>Remember, I pray thee, who ever perished, being innocent? or where were the righteous cut off? <span class="ver">8</span>Even as I have seen, they that plow iniquity, and sow wickedness, reap the same. <span class="ver">9</span>By the blast of God they perish, and by the breath of his nostrils are they consumed. <span class="ver">10</span>The roaring of the lion, and the voice of the fierce lion, and the teeth of the young lions, are broken. <span clM
ass="ver">11</span>The old lion perisheth for lack of prey, and the stout lion
s whelps are scattered abroad. <span class="ver">12</span>Now a thing was secretly brought to me, and mine ear received a little thereof. <span class="ver">13</span>In thoughts from the visions of the night, when deep sleep falleth on men, <span class="ver">14</span>Fear came upon me, and trembling, which made all my bones to shake. <span class="ver">15</span>Then a spirit passed before my face; the hair of my flesh stood up: <span claM
ss="ver">16</span>It stood still, but I could not discern the form thereof: an image was before mine eyes, there was silence, and I heard a voice, saying, <span class="ver">17</span>Shall mortal man be more just than God? shall a man be more pure than his maker? <span class="ver">18</span>Behold, he put no trust in his servants; and his angels he charged with folly: <span class="ver">19</span>How much less in them that dwell in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust, which are crushed before the moth? <spaM
n class="ver">20</span>They are destroyed from morning to evening: they perish for ever without any regarding it. <span class="ver">21</span>Doth not their excellency which is in them go away? they die, even without wisdom.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Call now, if there be any that will answer thee; and to which of the saints wilt thou turn? <span class="ver">2</span>For wrath killeth the foolish man, and envy slayeth the silly one. <span class="ver">3</span>I have seen the foolishM
taking root: but suddenly I cursed his habitation. <span class="ver">4</span>His children are far from safety, and they are crushed in the gate, neither is there any to deliver them. <span class="ver">5</span>Whose harvest the hungry eateth up, and taketh it even out of the thorns, and the robber swalloweth up their substance. <span class="ver">6</span>Although affliction cometh not forth of the dust, neither doth trouble spring out of the ground; <span class="ver">7</span>Yet man is born unto trouble, as the sparM
ks fly upward. <span class="ver">8</span>I would seek unto God, and unto God would I commit my cause: <span class="ver">9</span>Which doeth great things and unsearchable; marvellous things without number: <span class="ver">10</span>Who giveth rain upon the earth, and sendeth waters upon the fields: <span class="ver">11</span>To set up on high those that be low; that those which mourn may be exalted to safety. <span class="ver">12</span>He disappointeth the devices of the crafty, so that their hands cannot perform tM
heir enterprise. <span class="ver">13</span>He taketh the wise in their own craftiness: and the counsel of the froward is carried headlong. <span class="ver">14</span>They meet with darkness in the daytime, and grope in the noonday as in the night. <span class="ver">15</span>But he saveth the poor from the sword, from their mouth, and from the hand of the mighty. <span class="ver">16</span>So the poor hath hope, and iniquity stoppeth her mouth. <span class="ver">17</span>Behold, happy is the man whom God correctethM
: therefore despise not thou the chastening of the Almighty: <span class="ver">18</span>For he maketh sore, and bindeth up: he woundeth, and his hands make whole. <span class="ver">19</span>He shall deliver thee in six troubles: yea, in seven there shall no evil touch thee. <span class="ver">20</span>In famine he shall redeem thee from death: and in war from the power of the sword. <span class="ver">21</span>Thou shalt be hid from the scourge of the tongue: neither shalt thou be afraid of destruction when it comethM
. <span class="ver">22</span>At destruction and famine thou shalt laugh: neither shalt thou be afraid of the beasts of the earth. <span class="ver">23</span>For thou shalt be in league with the stones of the field: and the beasts of the field shall be at peace with thee. <span class="ver">24</span>And thou shalt know that thy tabernacle shall be in peace; and thou shalt visit thy habitation, and shalt not sin. <span class="ver">25</span>Thou shalt know also that thy seed shall be great, and thine offspring as the gM
rass of the earth. <span class="ver">26</span>Thou shalt come to thy grave in a full age, like as a shock of corn cometh in in his season. <span class="ver">27</span>Lo this, we have searched it, so it is; hear it, and know thou it for thy good.
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>But Job answered and said, <span class="ver">2</span>Oh that my grief were throughly weighed, and my calamity laid in the balances together! <span class="ver">3</span>For now it would be heavier than the sand of M
the sea: therefore my words are swallowed up. <span class="ver">4</span>For the arrows of the Almighty are within me, the poison whereof drinketh up my spirit: the terrors of God do set themselves in array against me. <span class="ver">5</span>Doth the wild ass bray when he hath grass? or loweth the ox over his fodder? <span class="ver">6</span>Can that which is unsavoury be eaten without salt? or is there any taste in the white of an egg? <span class="ver">7</span>The things that my soul refused to touch are as myM
sorrowful meat. <span class="ver">8</span>Oh that I might have my request; and that God would grant me the thing that I long for! <span class="ver">9</span>Even that it would please God to destroy me; that he would let loose his hand, and cut me off! <span class="ver">10</span>Then should I yet have comfort; yea, I would harden myself in sorrow: let him not spare; for I have not concealed the words of the Holy One. <span class="ver">11</span>What is my strength, that I should hope? and what is mine end, that I shoM
uld prolong my life? <span class="ver">12</span>Is my strength the strength of stones? or is my flesh of brass? <span class="ver">13</span>Is not my help in me? and is wisdom driven quite from me? <span class="ver">14</span>To him that is afflicted pity should be shewed from his friend; but he forsaketh the fear of the Almighty. <span class="ver">15</span>My brethren have dealt deceitfully as a brook, and as the stream of brooks they pass away; <span class="ver">16</span>Which are blackish by reason of the ice, andM
wherein the snow is hid: <span class="ver">17</span>What time they wax warm, they vanish: when it is hot, they are consumed out of their place. <span class="ver">18</span>The paths of their way are turned aside; they go to nothing, and perish. <span class="ver">19</span>The troops of Tema looked, the companies of Sheba waited for them. <span class="ver">20</span>They were confounded because they had hoped; they came thither, and were ashamed. <span class="ver">21</span>For now ye are nothing; ye see my casting dowM
n, and are afraid. <span class="ver">22</span>Did I say, Bring unto me? or, Give a reward for me of your substance? <span class="ver">23</span>Or, Deliver me from the enemy
s hand? or, Redeem me from the hand of the mighty? <span class="ver">24</span>Teach me, and I will hold my tongue: and cause me to understand wherein I have erred. <span class="ver">25</span>How forcible are right words! but what doth your arguing reprove? <span class="ver">26</span>Do ye imagine to reprove words, and the speeches of one that M
is desperate, which are as wind? <span class="ver">27</span>Yea, ye overwhelm the fatherless, and ye dig a pit for your friend. <span class="ver">28</span>Now therefore be content, look upon me; for it is evident unto you if I lie. <span class="ver">29</span>Return, I pray you, let it not be iniquity; yea, return again, my righteousness is in it. <span class="ver">30</span>Is there iniquity in my tongue? cannot my taste discern perverse things?
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Is there M
not an appointed time to man upon earth? are not his days also like the days of an hireling? <span class="ver">2</span>As a servant earnestly desireth the shadow, and as an hireling looketh for the reward of his work: <span class="ver">3</span>So am I made to possess months of vanity, and wearisome nights are appointed to me. <span class="ver">4</span>When I lie down, I say, When shall I arise, and the night be gone? and I am full of tossings to and fro unto the dawning of the day. <span class="ver">5</span>My flesM
h is clothed with worms and clods of dust; my skin is broken, and become loathsome. <span class="ver">6</span>My days are swifter than a weaver
s shuttle, and are spent without hope. <span class="ver">7</span>O remember that my life is wind: mine eye shall no more see good. <span class="ver">8</span>The eye of him that hath seen me shall see me no more: thine eyes are upon me, and I am not. <span class="ver">9</span>As the cloud is consumed and vanisheth away: so he that goeth down to the grave shall come up no mM
ore. <span class="ver">10</span>He shall return no more to his house, neither shall his place know him any more. <span class="ver">11</span>Therefore I will not refrain my mouth; I will speak in the anguish of my spirit; I will complain in the bitterness of my soul. <span class="ver">12</span>Am I a sea, or a whale, that thou settest a watch over me? <span class="ver">13</span>When I say, My bed shall comfort me, my couch shall ease my complaint; <span class="ver">14</span>Then thou scarest me with dreams, and terrM
ifiest me through visions: <span class="ver">15</span>So that my soul chooseth strangling, and death rather than my life. <span class="ver">16</span>I loathe it; I would not live alway: let me alone; for my days are vanity. <span class="ver">17</span>What is man, that thou shouldest magnify him? and that thou shouldest set thine heart upon him? <span class="ver">18</span>And that thou shouldest visit him every morning, and try him every moment? <span class="ver">19</span>How long wilt thou not depart from me, nor lM
et me alone till I swallow down my spittle? <span class="ver">20</span>I have sinned; what shall I do unto thee, O thou preserver of men? why hast thou set me as a mark against thee, so that I am a burden to myself? <span class="ver">21</span>And why dost thou not pardon my transgression, and take away mine iniquity? for now shall I sleep in the dust; and thou shalt seek me in the morning, but I shall not be.
<h2 id="c8">Chapter 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then answered Bildad the Shuhite, and said, <M
span class="ver">2</span>How long wilt thou speak these things? and how long shall the words of thy mouth be like a strong wind? <span class="ver">3</span>Doth God pervert judgment? or doth the Almighty pervert justice? <span class="ver">4</span>If thy children have sinned against him, and he have cast them away for their transgression; <span class="ver">5</span>If thou wouldest seek unto God betimes, and make thy supplication to the Almighty; <span class="ver">6</span>If thou wert pure and upright; surely now he wM
ould awake for thee, and make the habitation of thy righteousness prosperous. <span class="ver">7</span>Though thy beginning was small, yet thy latter end should greatly increase. <span class="ver">8</span>For enquire, I pray thee, of the former age, and prepare thyself to the search of their fathers: <span class="ver">9</span>(For we are but of yesterday, and know nothing, because our days upon earth are a shadow:) <span class="ver">10</span>Shall not they teach thee, and tell thee, and utter words out of their heM
art? <span class="ver">11</span>Can the rush grow up without mire? can the flag grow without water? <span class="ver">12</span>Whilst it is yet in his greenness, and not cut down, it withereth before any other herb. <span class="ver">13</span>So are the paths of all that forget God; and the hypocrite
s hope shall perish: <span class="ver">14</span>Whose hope shall be cut off, and whose trust shall be a spider
s web. <span class="ver">15</span>He shall lean upon his house, but it shall not stand: he shall hold iM
t fast, but it shall not endure. <span class="ver">16</span>He is green before the sun, and his branch shooteth forth in his garden. <span class="ver">17</span>His roots are wrapped about the heap, and seeth the place of stones. <span class="ver">18</span>If he destroy him from his place, then it shall deny him, saying, I have not seen thee. <span class="ver">19</span>Behold, this is the joy of his way, and out of the earth shall others grow. <span class="ver">20</span>Behold, God will not cast away a perfect man, M
neither will he help the evil doers: <span class="ver">21</span>Till he fill thy mouth with laughing, and thy lips with rejoicing. <span class="ver">22</span>They that hate thee shall be clothed with shame; and the dwelling place of the wicked shall come to nought.
<h2 id="c9">Chapter 9</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then Job answered and said, <span class="ver">2</span>I know it is so of a truth: but how should man be just with God? <span class="ver">3</span>If he will contend with him, he cannot answer hM
im one of a thousand. <span class="ver">4</span>He is wise in heart, and mighty in strength: who hath hardened himself against him, and hath prospered? <span class="ver">5</span>Which removeth the mountains, and they know not: which overturneth them in his anger. <span class="ver">6</span>Which shaketh the earth out of her place, and the pillars thereof tremble. <span class="ver">7</span>Which commandeth the sun, and it riseth not; and sealeth up the stars. <span class="ver">8</span>Which alone spreadeth out the heM
avens, and treadeth upon the waves of the sea. <span class="ver">9</span>Which maketh Arcturus, Orion, and Pleiades, and the chambers of the south. <span class="ver">10</span>Which doeth great things past finding out; yea, and wonders without number. <span class="ver">11</span>Lo, he goeth by me, and I see him not: he passeth on also, but I perceive him not. <span class="ver">12</span>Behold, he taketh away, who can hinder him? who will say unto him, What doest thou? <span class="ver">13</span>If God will not withdM
raw his anger, the proud helpers do stoop under him. <span class="ver">14</span>How much less shall I answer him, and choose out my words to reason with him? <span class="ver">15</span>Whom, though I were righteous, yet would I not answer, but I would make supplication to my judge. <span class="ver">16</span>If I had called, and he had answered me; yet would I not believe that he had hearkened unto my voice. <span class="ver">17</span>For he breaketh me with a tempest, and multiplieth my wounds without cause. <spanM
class="ver">18</span>He will not suffer me to take my breath, but filleth me with bitterness. <span class="ver">19</span>If I speak of strength, lo, he is strong: and if of judgment, who shall set me a time to plead? <span class="ver">20</span>If I justify myself, mine own mouth shall condemn me: if I say, I am perfect, it shall also prove me perverse. <span class="ver">21</span>Though I were perfect, yet would I not know my soul: I would despise my life. <span class="ver">22</span>This is one thing, therefore I sM
aid it, He destroyeth the perfect and the wicked. <span class="ver">23</span>If the scourge slay suddenly, he will laugh at the trial of the innocent. <span class="ver">24</span>The earth is given into the hand of the wicked: he covereth the faces of the judges thereof; if not, where, and who is he? <span class="ver">25</span>Now my days are swifter than a post: they flee away, they see no good. <span class="ver">26</span>They are passed away as the swift ships: as the eagle that hasteth to the prey. <span class="vM
er">27</span>If I say, I will forget my complaint, I will leave off my heaviness, and comfort myself: <span class="ver">28</span>I am afraid of all my sorrows, I know that thou wilt not hold me innocent. <span class="ver">29</span>If I be wicked, why then labour I in vain? <span class="ver">30</span>If I wash myself with snow water, and make my hands never so clean; <span class="ver">31</span>Yet shalt thou plunge me in the ditch, and mine own clothes shall abhor me. <span class="ver">32</span>For he is not a man, M
as I am, that I should answer him, and we should come together in judgment. <span class="ver">33</span>Neither is there any daysman betwixt us, that might lay his hand upon us both. <span class="ver">34</span>Let him take his rod away from me, and let not his fear terrify me: <span class="ver">35</span>Then would I speak, and not fear him; but it is not so with me.
<h2 id="c10">Chapter 10</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>My soul is weary of my life; I will leave my complaint upon myself; I will speak in the M
bitterness of my soul. <span class="ver">2</span>I will say unto God, Do not condemn me; shew me wherefore thou contendest with me. <span class="ver">3</span>Is it good unto thee that thou shouldest oppress, that thou shouldest despise the work of thine hands, and shine upon the counsel of the wicked? <span class="ver">4</span>Hast thou eyes of flesh? or seest thou as man seeth? <span class="ver">5</span>Are thy days as the days of man? are thy years as man
s days, <span class="ver">6</span>That thou enquirest afM
ter mine iniquity, and searchest after my sin? <span class="ver">7</span>Thou knowest that I am not wicked; and there is none that can deliver out of thine hand. <span class="ver">8</span>Thine hands have made me and fashioned me together round about; yet thou dost destroy me. <span class="ver">9</span>Remember, I beseech thee, that thou hast made me as the clay; and wilt thou bring me into dust again? <span class="ver">10</span>Hast thou not poured me out as milk, and curdled me like cheese? <span class="ver">11</M
span>Thou hast clothed me with skin and flesh, and hast fenced me with bones and sinews. <span class="ver">12</span>Thou hast granted me life and favour, and thy visitation hath preserved my spirit. <span class="ver">13</span>And these things hast thou hid in thine heart: I know that this is with thee. <span class="ver">14</span>If I sin, then thou markest me, and thou wilt not acquit me from mine iniquity. <span class="ver">15</span>If I be wicked, woe unto me; and if I be righteous, yet will I not lift up my headM
. I am full of confusion; therefore see thou mine affliction; <span class="ver">16</span>For it increaseth. Thou huntest me as a fierce lion: and again thou shewest thyself marvellous upon me. <span class="ver">17</span>Thou renewest thy witnesses against me, and increasest thine indignation upon me; changes and war are against me. <span class="ver">18</span>Wherefore then hast thou brought me forth out of the womb? Oh that I had given up the ghost, and no eye had seen me! <span class="ver">19</span>I should have bM
een as though I had not been; I should have been carried from the womb to the grave. <span class="ver">20</span>Are not my days few? cease then, and let me alone, that I may take comfort a little, <span class="ver">21</span>Before I go whence I shall not return, even to the land of darkness and the shadow of death; <span class="ver">22</span>A land of darkness, as darkness itself; and of the shadow of death, without any order, and where the light is as darkness.
<h2 id="c11">Chapter 11</h2>
<p><span class="veM
r">1</span>Then answered Zophar the Naamathite, and said, <span class="ver">2</span>Should not the multitude of words be answered? and should a man full of talk be justified? <span class="ver">3</span>Should thy lies make men hold their peace? and when thou mockest, shall no man make thee ashamed? <span class="ver">4</span>For thou hast said, My doctrine is pure, and I am clean in thine eyes. <span class="ver">5</span>But oh that God would speak, and open his lips against thee; <span class="ver">6</span>And that heM
would shew thee the secrets of wisdom, that they are double to that which is! Know therefore that God exacteth of thee less than thine iniquity deserveth. <span class="ver">7</span>Canst thou by searching find out God? canst thou find out the Almighty unto perfection? <span class="ver">8</span>It is as high as heaven; what canst thou do? deeper than hell; what canst thou know? <span class="ver">9</span>The measure thereof is longer than the earth, and broader than the sea. <span class="ver">10</span>If he cut off,M
and shut up, or gather together, then who can hinder him? <span class="ver">11</span>For he knoweth vain men: he seeth wickedness also; will he not then consider it? <span class="ver">12</span>For vain man would be wise, though man be born like a wild ass
s colt. <span class="ver">13</span>If thou prepare thine heart, and stretch out thine hands toward him; <span class="ver">14</span>If iniquity be in thine hand, put it far away, and let not wickedness dwell in thy tabernacles. <span class="ver">15</span>For theM
n shalt thou lift up thy face without spot; yea, thou shalt be stedfast, and shalt not fear: <span class="ver">16</span>Because thou shalt forget thy misery, and remember it as waters that pass away: <span class="ver">17</span>And thine age shall be clearer than the noonday; thou shalt shine forth, thou shalt be as the morning. <span class="ver">18</span>And thou shalt be secure, because there is hope; yea, thou shalt dig about thee, and thou shalt take thy rest in safety. <span class="ver">19</span>Also thou shaltM
lie down, and none shall make thee afraid; yea, many shall make suit unto thee. <span class="ver">20</span>But the eyes of the wicked shall fail, and they shall not escape, and their hope shall be as the giving up of the ghost.
<h2 id="c12">Chapter 12</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Job answered and said, <span class="ver">2</span>No doubt but ye are the people, and wisdom shall die with you. <span class="ver">3</span>But I have understanding as well as you; I am not inferior to you: yea, who knoweth nM
ot such things as these? <span class="ver">4</span>I am as one mocked of his neighbour, who calleth upon God, and he answereth him: the just upright man is laughed to scorn. <span class="ver">5</span>He that is ready to slip with his feet is as a lamp despised in the thought of him that is at ease. <span class="ver">6</span>The tabernacles of robbers prosper, and they that provoke God are secure; into whose hand God bringeth abundantly. <span class="ver">7</span>But ask now the beasts, and they shall teach thee; anM
d the fowls of the air, and they shall tell thee: <span class="ver">8</span>Or speak to the earth, and it shall teach thee: and the fishes of the sea shall declare unto thee. <span class="ver">9</span>Who knoweth not in all these that the hand of the LORD hath wrought this? <span class="ver">10</span>In whose hand is the soul of every living thing, and the breath of all mankind. <span class="ver">11</span>Doth not the ear try words? and the mouth taste his meat? <span class="ver">12</span>With the ancient is wisdomM
; and in length of days understanding. <span class="ver">13</span>With him is wisdom and strength, he hath counsel and understanding. <span class="ver">14</span>Behold, he breaketh down, and it cannot be built again: he shutteth up a man, and there can be no opening. <span class="ver">15</span>Behold, he withholdeth the waters, and they dry up: also he sendeth them out, and they overturn the earth. <span class="ver">16</span>With him is strength and wisdom: the deceived and the deceiver are his. <span class="ver">1M
7</span>He leadeth counsellors away spoiled, and maketh the judges fools. <span class="ver">18</span>He looseth the bond of kings, and girdeth their loins with a girdle. <span class="ver">19</span>He leadeth princes away spoiled, and overthroweth the mighty. <span class="ver">20</span>He removeth away the speech of the trusty, and taketh away the understanding of the aged. <span class="ver">21</span>He poureth contempt upon princes, and weakeneth the strength of the mighty. <span class="ver">22</span>He discoverethM
deep things out of darkness, and bringeth out to light the shadow of death. <span class="ver">23</span>He increaseth the nations, and destroyeth them: he enlargeth the nations, and straiteneth them again. <span class="ver">24</span>He taketh away the heart of the chief of the people of the earth, and causeth them to wander in a wilderness where there is no way. <span class="ver">25</span>They grope in the dark without light, and he maketh them to stagger like a drunken man.
<h2 id="c13">Chapter 13</h2>
pan class="ver">1</span>Lo, mine eye hath seen all this, mine ear hath heard and understood it. <span class="ver">2</span>What ye know, the same do I know also: I am not inferior unto you. <span class="ver">3</span>Surely I would speak to the Almighty, and I desire to reason with God. <span class="ver">4</span>But ye are forgers of lies, ye are all physicians of no value. <span class="ver">5</span>O that ye would altogether hold your peace! and it should be your wisdom. <span class="ver">6</span>Hear now my reasoniM
ng, and hearken to the pleadings of my lips. <span class="ver">7</span>Will ye speak wickedly for God? and talk deceitfully for him? <span class="ver">8</span>Will ye accept his person? will ye contend for God? <span class="ver">9</span>Is it good that he should search you out? or as one man mocketh another, do ye so mock him? <span class="ver">10</span>He will surely reprove you, if ye do secretly accept persons. <span class="ver">11</span>Shall not his excellency make you afraid? and his dread fall upon you? <spaM
n class="ver">12</span>Your remembrances are like unto ashes, your bodies to bodies of clay. <span class="ver">13</span>Hold your peace, let me alone, that I may speak, and let come on me what will. <span class="ver">14</span>Wherefore do I take my flesh in my teeth, and put my life in mine hand? <span class="ver">15</span>Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him: but I will maintain mine own ways before him. <span class="ver">16</span>He also shall be my salvation: for an hypocrite shall not come before him. <spM
an class="ver">17</span>Hear diligently my speech, and my declaration with your ears. <span class="ver">18</span>Behold now, I have ordered my cause; I know that I shall be justified. <span class="ver">19</span>Who is he that will plead with me? for now, if I hold my tongue, I shall give up the ghost. <span class="ver">20</span>Only do not two things unto me: then will I not hide myself from thee. <span class="ver">21</span>Withdraw thine hand far from me: and let not thy dread make me afraid. <span class="ver">22<M
/span>Then call thou, and I will answer: or let me speak, and answer thou me. <span class="ver">23</span>How many are mine iniquities and sins? make me to know my transgression and my sin. <span class="ver">24</span>Wherefore hidest thou thy face, and holdest me for thine enemy? <span class="ver">25</span>Wilt thou break a leaf driven to and fro? and wilt thou pursue the dry stubble? <span class="ver">26</span>For thou writest bitter things against me, and makest me to possess the iniquities of my youth. <span clasM
s="ver">27</span>Thou puttest my feet also in the stocks, and lookest narrowly unto all my paths; thou settest a print upon the heels of my feet. <span class="ver">28</span>And he, as a rotten thing, consumeth, as a garment that is moth eaten.
<h2 id="c14">Chapter 14</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Man that is born of a woman is of few days, and full of trouble. <span class="ver">2</span>He cometh forth like a flower, and is cut down: he fleeth also as a shadow, and continueth not. <span class="ver">3</spanM
>And dost thou open thine eyes upon such an one, and bringest me into judgment with thee? <span class="ver">4</span>Who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean? not one. <span class="ver">5</span>Seeing his days are determined, the number of his months are with thee, thou hast appointed his bounds that he cannot pass; <span class="ver">6</span>Turn from him, that he may rest, till he shall accomplish, as an hireling, his day. <span class="ver">7</span>For there is hope of a tree, if it be cut down, that it will sM
prout again, and that the tender branch thereof will not cease. <span class="ver">8</span>Though the root thereof wax old in the earth, and the stock thereof die in the ground; <span class="ver">9</span>Yet through the scent of water it will bud, and bring forth boughs like a plant. <span class="ver">10</span>But man dieth, and wasteth away: yea, man giveth up the ghost, and where is he? <span class="ver">11</span>As the waters fail from the sea, and the flood decayeth and drieth up: <span class="ver">12</span>So mM
an lieth down, and riseth not: till the heavens be no more, they shall not awake, nor be raised out of their sleep. <span class="ver">13</span>O that thou wouldest hide me in the grave, that thou wouldest keep me secret, until thy wrath be past, that thou wouldest appoint me a set time, and remember me! <span class="ver">14</span>If a man die, shall he live again? all the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my change come. <span class="ver">15</span>Thou shalt call, and I will answer thee: thou wilt have a M
desire to the work of thine hands. <span class="ver">16</span>For now thou numberest my steps: dost thou not watch over my sin? <span class="ver">17</span>My transgression is sealed up in a bag, and thou sewest up mine iniquity. <span class="ver">18</span>And surely the mountain falling cometh to nought, and the rock is removed out of his place. <span class="ver">19</span>The waters wear the stones: thou washest away the things which grow out of the dust of the earth; and thou destroyest the hope of man. <span clasM
s="ver">20</span>Thou prevailest for ever against him, and he passeth: thou changest his countenance, and sendest him away. <span class="ver">21</span>His sons come to honour, and he knoweth it not; and they are brought low, but he perceiveth it not of them. <span class="ver">22</span>But his flesh upon him shall have pain, and his soul within him shall mourn.
<h2 id="c15">Chapter 15</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then answered Eliphaz the Temanite, and said, <span class="ver">2</span>Should a wise man uttM
er vain knowledge, and fill his belly with the east wind? <span class="ver">3</span>Should he reason with unprofitable talk? or with speeches wherewith he can do no good? <span class="ver">4</span>Yea, thou castest off fear, and restrainest prayer before God. <span class="ver">5</span>For thy mouth uttereth thine iniquity, and thou choosest the tongue of the crafty. <span class="ver">6</span>Thine own mouth condemneth thee, and not I: yea, thine own lips testify against thee. <span class="ver">7</span>Art thou the M
first man that was born? or wast thou made before the hills? <span class="ver">8</span>Hast thou heard the secret of God? and dost thou restrain wisdom to thyself? <span class="ver">9</span>What knowest thou, that we know not? what understandest thou, which is not in us? <span class="ver">10</span>With us are both the grayheaded and very aged men, much elder than thy father. <span class="ver">11</span>Are the consolations of God small with thee? is there any secret thing with thee? <span class="ver">12</span>Why doM
th thine heart carry thee away? and what do thy eyes wink at, <span class="ver">13</span>That thou turnest thy spirit against God, and lettest such words go out of thy mouth? <span class="ver">14</span>What is man, that he should be clean? and he which is born of a woman, that he should be righteous? <span class="ver">15</span>Behold, he putteth no trust in his saints; yea, the heavens are not clean in his sight. <span class="ver">16</span>How much more abominable and filthy is man, which drinketh iniquity like watM
er? <span class="ver">17</span>I will shew thee, hear me; and that which I have seen I will declare; <span class="ver">18</span>Which wise men have told from their fathers, and have not hid it: <span class="ver">19</span>Unto whom alone the earth was given, and no stranger passed among them. <span class="ver">20</span>The wicked man travaileth with pain all his days, and the number of years is hidden to the oppressor. <span class="ver">21</span>A dreadful sound is in his ears: in prosperity the destroyer shall comeM
upon him. <span class="ver">22</span>He believeth not that he shall return out of darkness, and he is waited for of the sword. <span class="ver">23</span>He wandereth abroad for bread, saying, Where is it? he knoweth that the day of darkness is ready at his hand. <span class="ver">24</span>Trouble and anguish shall make him afraid; they shall prevail against him, as a king ready to the battle. <span class="ver">25</span>For he stretcheth out his hand against God, and strengtheneth himself against the Almighty. <spM
an class="ver">26</span>He runneth upon him, even on his neck, upon the thick bosses of his bucklers: <span class="ver">27</span>Because he covereth his face with his fatness, and maketh collops of fat on his flanks. <span class="ver">28</span>And he dwelleth in desolate cities, and in houses which no man inhabiteth, which are ready to become heaps. <span class="ver">29</span>He shall not be rich, neither shall his substance continue, neither shall he prolong the perfection thereof upon the earth. <span class="ver"M
>30</span>He shall not depart out of darkness; the flame shall dry up his branches, and by the breath of his mouth shall he go away. <span class="ver">31</span>Let not him that is deceived trust in vanity: for vanity shall be his recompence. <span class="ver">32</span>It shall be accomplished before his time, and his branch shall not be green. <span class="ver">33</span>He shall shake off his unripe grape as the vine, and shall cast off his flower as the olive. <span class="ver">34</span>For the congregation of hypM
ocrites shall be desolate, and fire shall consume the tabernacles of bribery. <span class="ver">35</span>They conceive mischief, and bring forth vanity, and their belly prepareth deceit.
<h2 id="c16">Chapter 16</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then Job answered and said, <span class="ver">2</span>I have heard many such things: miserable comforters are ye all. <span class="ver">3</span>Shall vain words have an end? or what emboldeneth thee that thou answerest? <span class="ver">4</span>I also could speak as yM
e do: if your soul were in my soul
s stead, I could heap up words against you, and shake mine head at you. <span class="ver">5</span>But I would strengthen you with my mouth, and the moving of my lips should asswage your grief. <span class="ver">6</span>Though I speak, my grief is not asswaged: and though I forbear, what am I eased? <span class="ver">7</span>But now he hath made me weary: thou hast made desolate all my company. <span class="ver">8</span>And thou hast filled me with wrinkles, which is a witness agM
ainst me: and my leanness rising up in me beareth witness to my face. <span class="ver">9</span>He teareth me in his wrath, who hateth me: he gnasheth upon me with his teeth; mine enemy sharpeneth his eyes upon me. <span class="ver">10</span>They have gaped upon me with their mouth; they have smitten me upon the cheek reproachfully; they have gathered themselves together against me. <span class="ver">11</span>God hath delivered me to the ungodly, and turned me over into the hands of the wicked. <span class="ver">12M
</span>I was at ease, but he hath broken me asunder: he hath also taken me by my neck, and shaken me to pieces, and set me up for his mark. <span class="ver">13</span>His archers compass me round about, he cleaveth my reins asunder, and doth not spare; he poureth out my gall upon the ground. <span class="ver">14</span>He breaketh me with breach upon breach, he runneth upon me like a giant. <span class="ver">15</span>I have sewed sackcloth upon my skin, and defiled my horn in the dust. <span class="ver">16</span>My M
face is foul with weeping, and on my eyelids is the shadow of death; <span class="ver">17</span>Not for any injustice in mine hands: also my prayer is pure. <span class="ver">18</span>O earth, cover not thou my blood, and let my cry have no place. <span class="ver">19</span>Also now, behold, my witness is in heaven, and my record is on high. <span class="ver">20</span>My friends scorn me: but mine eye poureth out tears unto God. <span class="ver">21</span>O that one might plead for a man with God, as a man pleadethM
for his neighbour! <span class="ver">22</span>When a few years are come, then I shall go the way whence I shall not return.
<h2 id="c17">Chapter 17</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>My breath is corrupt, my days are extinct, the graves are ready for me. <span class="ver">2</span>Are there not mockers with me? and doth not mine eye continue in their provocation? <span class="ver">3</span>Lay down now, put me in a surety with thee; who is he that will strike hands with me? <span class="ver">4</span>For thou haM
st hid their heart from understanding: therefore shalt thou not exalt them. <span class="ver">5</span>He that speaketh flattery to his friends, even the eyes of his children shall fail. <span class="ver">6</span>He hath made me also a byword of the people; and aforetime I was as a tabret. <span class="ver">7</span>Mine eye also is dim by reason of sorrow, and all my members are as a shadow. <span class="ver">8</span>Upright men shall be astonied at this, and the innocent shall stir up himself against the hypocrite.M
<span class="ver">9</span>The righteous also shall hold on his way, and he that hath clean hands shall be stronger and stronger. <span class="ver">10</span>But as for you all, do ye return, and come now: for I cannot find one wise man among you. <span class="ver">11</span>My days are past, my purposes are broken off, even the thoughts of my heart. <span class="ver">12</span>They change the night into day: the light is short because of darkness. <span class="ver">13</span>If I wait, the grave is mine house: I have M
made my bed in the darkness. <span class="ver">14</span>I have said to corruption, Thou art my father: to the worm, Thou art my mother, and my sister. <span class="ver">15</span>And where is now my hope? as for my hope, who shall see it? <span class="ver">16</span>They shall go down to the bars of the pit, when our rest together is in the dust.
<h2 id="c18">Chapter 18</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then answered Bildad the Shuhite, and said, <span class="ver">2</span>How long will it be ere ye make an end M
of words? mark, and afterwards we will speak. <span class="ver">3</span>Wherefore are we counted as beasts, and reputed vile in your sight? <span class="ver">4</span>He teareth himself in his anger: shall the earth be forsaken for thee? and shall the rock be removed out of his place? <span class="ver">5</span>Yea, the light of the wicked shall be put out, and the spark of his fire shall not shine. <span class="ver">6</span>The light shall be dark in his tabernacle, and his candle shall be put out with him. <span clM
ass="ver">7</span>The steps of his strength shall be straitened, and his own counsel shall cast him down. <span class="ver">8</span>For he is cast into a net by his own feet, and he walketh upon a snare. <span class="ver">9</span>The gin shall take him by the heel, and the robber shall prevail against him. <span class="ver">10</span>The snare is laid for him in the ground, and a trap for him in the way. <span class="ver">11</span>Terrors shall make him afraid on every side, and shall drive him to his feet. <span clM
ass="ver">12</span>His strength shall be hungerbitten, and destruction shall be ready at his side. <span class="ver">13</span>It shall devour the strength of his skin: even the firstborn of death shall devour his strength. <span class="ver">14</span>His confidence shall be rooted out of his tabernacle, and it shall bring him to the king of terrors. <span class="ver">15</span>It shall dwell in his tabernacle, because it is none of his: brimstone shall be scattered upon his habitation. <span class="ver">16</span>His M
roots shall be dried up beneath, and above shall his branch be cut off. <span class="ver">17</span>His remembrance shall perish from the earth, and he shall have no name in the street. <span class="ver">18</span>He shall be driven from light into darkness, and chased out of the world. <span class="ver">19</span>He shall neither have son nor nephew among his people, nor any remaining in his dwellings. <span class="ver">20</span>They that come after him shall be astonied at his day, as they that went before were affrM
ighted. <span class="ver">21</span>Surely such are the dwellings of the wicked, and this is the place of him that knoweth not God.
<h2 id="c19">Chapter 19</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then Job answered and said, <span class="ver">2</span>How long will ye vex my soul, and break me in pieces with words? <span class="ver">3</span>These ten times have ye reproached me: ye are not ashamed that ye make yourselves strange to me. <span class="ver">4</span>And be it indeed that I have erred, mine error remaineth M
with myself. <span class="ver">5</span>If indeed ye will magnify yourselves against me, and plead against me my reproach: <span class="ver">6</span>Know now that God hath overthrown me, and hath compassed me with his net. <span class="ver">7</span>Behold, I cry out of wrong, but I am not heard: I cry aloud, but there is no judgment. <span class="ver">8</span>He hath fenced up my way that I cannot pass, and he hath set darkness in my paths. <span class="ver">9</span>He hath stripped me of my glory, and taken the croM
wn from my head. <span class="ver">10</span>He hath destroyed me on every side, and I am gone: and mine hope hath he removed like a tree. <span class="ver">11</span>He hath also kindled his wrath against me, and he counteth me unto him as one of his enemies. <span class="ver">12</span>His troops come together, and raise up their way against me, and encamp round about my tabernacle. <span class="ver">13</span>He hath put my brethren far from me, and mine acquaintance are verily estranged from me. <span class="ver">1M
4</span>My kinsfolk have failed, and my familiar friends have forgotten me. <span class="ver">15</span>They that dwell in mine house, and my maids, count me for a stranger: I am an alien in their sight. <span class="ver">16</span>I called my servant, and he gave me no answer; I intreated him with my mouth. <span class="ver">17</span>My breath is strange to my wife, though I intreated for the children
s sake of mine own body. <span class="ver">18</span>Yea, young children despised me; I arose, and they spake againM
st me. <span class="ver">19</span>All my inward friends abhorred me: and they whom I loved are turned against me. <span class="ver">20</span>My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth. <span class="ver">21</span>Have pity upon me, have pity upon me, O ye my friends; for the hand of God hath touched me. <span class="ver">22</span>Why do ye persecute me as God, and are not satisfied with my flesh? <span class="ver">23</span>Oh that my words were now written! oh that they wM
ere printed in a book! <span class="ver">24</span>That they were graven with an iron pen and lead in the rock for ever! <span class="ver">25</span>For I know that my redeemer liveth, and that he shall stand at the latter day upon the earth: <span class="ver">26</span>And though after my skin worms destroy this body, yet in my flesh shall I see God: <span class="ver">27</span>Whom I shall see for myself, and mine eyes shall behold, and not another; though my reins be consumed within me. <span class="ver">28</span>BuM
t ye should say, Why persecute we him, seeing the root of the matter is found in me? <span class="ver">29</span>Be ye afraid of the sword: for wrath bringeth the punishments of the sword, that ye may know there is a judgment.
<h2 id="c20">Chapter 20</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then answered Zophar the Naamathite, and said, <span class="ver">2</span>Therefore do my thoughts cause me to answer, and for this I make haste. <span class="ver">3</span>I have heard the check of my reproach, and the spirit of myM
understanding causeth me to answer. <span class="ver">4</span>Knowest thou not this of old, since man was placed upon earth, <span class="ver">5</span>That the triumphing of the wicked is short, and the joy of the hypocrite but for a moment? <span class="ver">6</span>Though his excellency mount up to the heavens, and his head reach unto the clouds; <span class="ver">7</span>Yet he shall perish for ever like his own dung: they which have seen him shall say, Where is he? <span class="ver">8</span>He shall fly away aM
s a dream, and shall not be found: yea, he shall be chased away as a vision of the night. <span class="ver">9</span>The eye also which saw him shall see him no more; neither shall his place any more behold him. <span class="ver">10</span>His children shall seek to please the poor, and his hands shall restore their goods. <span class="ver">11</span>His bones are full of the sin of his youth, which shall lie down with him in the dust. <span class="ver">12</span>Though wickedness be sweet in his mouth, though he hide M
it under his tongue; <span class="ver">13</span>Though he spare it, and forsake it not; but keep it still within his mouth: <span class="ver">14</span>Yet his meat in his bowels is turned, it is the gall of asps within him. <span class="ver">15</span>He hath swallowed down riches, and he shall vomit them up again: God shall cast them out of his belly. <span class="ver">16</span>He shall suck the poison of asps: the viper
s tongue shall slay him. <span class="ver">17</span>He shall not see the rivers, the floods, M
the brooks of honey and butter. <span class="ver">18</span>That which he laboured for shall he restore, and shall not swallow it down: according to his substance shall the restitution be, and he shall not rejoice therein. <span class="ver">19</span>Because he hath oppressed and hath forsaken the poor; because he hath violently taken away an house which he builded not; <span class="ver">20</span>Surely he shall not feel quietness in his belly, he shall not save of that which he desired. <span class="ver">21</span>ThM
ere shall none of his meat be left; therefore shall no man look for his goods. <span class="ver">22</span>In the fulness of his sufficiency he shall be in straits: every hand of the wicked shall come upon him. <span class="ver">23</span>When he is about to fill his belly, God shall cast the fury of his wrath upon him, and shall rain it upon him while he is eating. <span class="ver">24</span>He shall flee from the iron weapon, and the bow of steel shall strike him through. <span class="ver">25</span>It is drawn, andM
cometh out of the body; yea, the glittering sword cometh out of his gall: terrors are upon him. <span class="ver">26</span>All darkness shall be hid in his secret places: a fire not blown shall consume him; it shall go ill with him that is left in his tabernacle. <span class="ver">27</span>The heaven shall reveal his iniquity; and the earth shall rise up against him. <span class="ver">28</span>The increase of his house shall depart, and his goods shall flow away in the day of his wrath. <span class="ver">29</span>M
This is the portion of a wicked man from God, and the heritage appointed unto him by God.
<h2 id="c21">Chapter 21</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>But Job answered and said, <span class="ver">2</span>Hear diligently my speech, and let this be your consolations. <span class="ver">3</span>Suffer me that I may speak; and after that I have spoken, mock on. <span class="ver">4</span>As for me, is my complaint to man? and if it were so, why should not my spirit be troubled? <span class="ver">5</span>Mark me, and bM
e astonished, and lay your hand upon your mouth. <span class="ver">6</span>Even when I remember I am afraid, and trembling taketh hold on my flesh. <span class="ver">7</span>Wherefore do the wicked live, become old, yea, are mighty in power? <span class="ver">8</span>Their seed is established in their sight with them, and their offspring before their eyes. <span class="ver">9</span>Their houses are safe from fear, neither is the rod of God upon them. <span class="ver">10</span>Their bull gendereth, and faileth not;M
their cow calveth, and casteth not her calf. <span class="ver">11</span>They send forth their little ones like a flock, and their children dance. <span class="ver">12</span>They take the timbrel and harp, and rejoice at the sound of the organ. <span class="ver">13</span>They spend their days in wealth, and in a moment go down to the grave. <span class="ver">14</span>Therefore they say unto God, Depart from us; for we desire not the knowledge of thy ways. <span class="ver">15</span>What is the Almighty, that we shoM
uld serve him? and what profit should we have, if we pray unto him? <span class="ver">16</span>Lo, their good is not in their hand: the counsel of the wicked is far from me. <span class="ver">17</span>How oft is the candle of the wicked put out! and how oft cometh their destruction upon them! God distributeth sorrows in his anger. <span class="ver">18</span>They are as stubble before the wind, and as chaff that the storm carrieth away. <span class="ver">19</span>God layeth up his iniquity for his children: he rewarM
deth him, and he shall know it. <span class="ver">20</span>His eyes shall see his destruction, and he shall drink of the wrath of the Almighty. <span class="ver">21</span>For what pleasure hath he in his house after him, when the number of his months is cut off in the midst? <span class="ver">22</span>Shall any teach God knowledge? seeing he judgeth those that are high. <span class="ver">23</span>One dieth in his full strength, being wholly at ease and quiet. <span class="ver">24</span>His breasts are full of milk,M
and his bones are moistened with marrow. <span class="ver">25</span>And another dieth in the bitterness of his soul, and never eateth with pleasure. <span class="ver">26</span>They shall lie down alike in the dust, and the worms shall cover them. <span class="ver">27</span>Behold, I know your thoughts, and the devices which ye wrongfully imagine against me. <span class="ver">28</span>For ye say, Where is the house of the prince? and where are the dwelling places of the wicked? <span class="ver">29</span>Have ye noM
t asked them that go by the way? and do ye not know their tokens, <span class="ver">30</span>That the wicked is reserved to the day of destruction? they shall be brought forth to the day of wrath. <span class="ver">31</span>Who shall declare his way to his face? and who shall repay him what he hath done? <span class="ver">32</span>Yet shall he be brought to the grave, and shall remain in the tomb. <span class="ver">33</span>The clods of the valley shall be sweet unto him, and every man shall draw after him, as therM
e are innumerable before him. <span class="ver">34</span>How then comfort ye me in vain, seeing in your answers there remaineth falsehood?
<h2 id="c22">Chapter 22</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then Eliphaz the Temanite answered and said, <span class="ver">2</span>Can a man be profitable unto God, as he that is wise may be profitable unto himself? <span class="ver">3</span>Is it any pleasure to the Almighty, that thou art righteous? or is it gain to him, that thou makest thy ways perfect? <span class="ver"M
>4</span>Will he reprove thee for fear of thee? will he enter with thee into judgment? <span class="ver">5</span>Is not thy wickedness great? and thine iniquities infinite? <span class="ver">6</span>For thou hast taken a pledge from thy brother for nought, and stripped the naked of their clothing. <span class="ver">7</span>Thou hast not given water to the weary to drink, and thou hast withholden bread from the hungry. <span class="ver">8</span>But as for the mighty man, he had the earth; and the honourable man dwelM
t in it. <span class="ver">9</span>Thou hast sent widows away empty, and the arms of the fatherless have been broken. <span class="ver">10</span>Therefore snares are round about thee, and sudden fear troubleth thee; <span class="ver">11</span>Or darkness, that thou canst not see; and abundance of waters cover thee. <span class="ver">12</span>Is not God in the height of heaven? and behold the height of the stars, how high they are! <span class="ver">13</span>And thou sayest, How doth God know? can he judge through tM
he dark cloud? <span class="ver">14</span>Thick clouds are a covering to him, that he seeth not; and he walketh in the circuit of heaven. <span class="ver">15</span>Hast thou marked the old way which wicked men have trodden? <span class="ver">16</span>Which were cut down out of time, whose foundation was overflown with a flood: <span class="ver">17</span>Which said unto God, Depart from us: and what can the Almighty do for them? <span class="ver">18</span>Yet he filled their houses with good things: but the counselM
of the wicked is far from me. <span class="ver">19</span>The righteous see it, and are glad: and the innocent laugh them to scorn. <span class="ver">20</span>Whereas our substance is not cut down, but the remnant of them the fire consumeth. <span class="ver">21</span>Acquaint now thyself with him, and be at peace: thereby good shall come unto thee. <span class="ver">22</span>Receive, I pray thee, the law from his mouth, and lay up his words in thine heart. <span class="ver">23</span>If thou return to the Almighty,M
thou shalt be built up, thou shalt put away iniquity far from thy tabernacles. <span class="ver">24</span>Then shalt thou lay up gold as dust, and the gold of Ophir as the stones of the brooks. <span class="ver">25</span>Yea, the Almighty shall be thy defence, and thou shalt have plenty of silver. <span class="ver">26</span>For then shalt thou have thy delight in the Almighty, and shalt lift up thy face unto God. <span class="ver">27</span>Thou shalt make thy prayer unto him, and he shall hear thee, and thou shaltM
pay thy vows. <span class="ver">28</span>Thou shalt also decree a thing, and it shall be established unto thee: and the light shall shine upon thy ways. <span class="ver">29</span>When men are cast down, then thou shalt say, There is lifting up; and he shall save the humble person. <span class="ver">30</span>He shall deliver the island of the innocent: and it is delivered by the pureness of thine hands.
<h2 id="c23">Chapter 23</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then Job answered and said, <span class="ver">2<M
/span>Even to day is my complaint bitter: my stroke is heavier than my groaning. <span class="ver">3</span>Oh that I knew where I might find him! that I might come even to his seat! <span class="ver">4</span>I would order my cause before him, and fill my mouth with arguments. <span class="ver">5</span>I would know the words which he would answer me, and understand what he would say unto me. <span class="ver">6</span>Will he plead against me with his great power? No; but he would put strength in me. <span class="verM
">7</span>There the righteous might dispute with him; so should I be delivered for ever from my judge. <span class="ver">8</span>Behold, I go forward, but he is not there; and backward, but I cannot perceive him: <span class="ver">9</span>On the left hand, where he doth work, but I cannot behold him: he hideth himself on the right hand, that I cannot see him: <span class="ver">10</span>But he knoweth the way that I take: when he hath tried me, I shall come forth as gold. <span class="ver">11</span>My foot hath heldM
his steps, his way have I kept, and not declined. <span class="ver">12</span>Neither have I gone back from the commandment of his lips; I have esteemed the words of his mouth more than my necessary food. <span class="ver">13</span>But he is in one mind, and who can turn him? and what his soul desireth, even that he doeth. <span class="ver">14</span>For he performeth the thing that is appointed for me: and many such things are with him. <span class="ver">15</span>Therefore am I troubled at his presence: when I consM
ider, I am afraid of him. <span class="ver">16</span>For God maketh my heart soft, and the Almighty troubleth me: <span class="ver">17</span>Because I was not cut off before the darkness, neither hath he covered the darkness from my face.
<h2 id="c24">Chapter 24</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Why, seeing times are not hidden from the Almighty, do they that know him not see his days? <span class="ver">2</span>Some remove the landmarks; they violently take away flocks, and feed thereof. <span class="ver">3</M
span>They drive away the ass of the fatherless, they take the widow
s ox for a pledge. <span class="ver">4</span>They turn the needy out of the way: the poor of the earth hide themselves together. <span class="ver">5</span>Behold, as wild asses in the desert, go they forth to their work; rising betimes for a prey: the wilderness yieldeth food for them and for their children. <span class="ver">6</span>They reap every one his corn in the field: and they gather the vintage of the wicked. <span class="ver">7</span>ThM
ey cause the naked to lodge without clothing, that they have no covering in the cold. <span class="ver">8</span>They are wet with the showers of the mountains, and embrace the rock for want of a shelter. <span class="ver">9</span>They pluck the fatherless from the breast, and take a pledge of the poor. <span class="ver">10</span>They cause him to go naked without clothing, and they take away the sheaf from the hungry; <span class="ver">11</span>Which make oil within their walls, and tread their winepresses, and sufM
fer thirst. <span class="ver">12</span>Men groan from out of the city, and the soul of the wounded crieth out: yet God layeth not folly to them. <span class="ver">13</span>They are of those that rebel against the light; they know not the ways thereof, nor abide in the paths thereof. <span class="ver">14</span>The murderer rising with the light killeth the poor and needy, and in the night is as a thief. <span class="ver">15</span>The eye also of the adulterer waiteth for the twilight, saying, No eye shall see me: anM
d disguiseth his face. <span class="ver">16</span>In the dark they dig through houses, which they had marked for themselves in the daytime: they know not the light. <span class="ver">17</span>For the morning is to them even as the shadow of death: if one know them, they are in the terrors of the shadow of death. <span class="ver">18</span>He is swift as the waters; their portion is cursed in the earth: he beholdeth not the way of the vineyards. <span class="ver">19</span>Drought and heat consume the snow waters: soM
doth the grave those which have sinned. <span class="ver">20</span>The womb shall forget him; the worm shall feed sweetly on him; he shall be no more remembered; and wickedness shall be broken as a tree. <span class="ver">21</span>He evil entreateth the barren that beareth not: and doeth not good to the widow. <span class="ver">22</span>He draweth also the mighty with his power: he riseth up, and no man is sure of life. <span class="ver">23</span>Though it be given him to be in safety, whereon he resteth; yet his M
eyes are upon their ways. <span class="ver">24</span>They are exalted for a little while, but are gone and brought low; they are taken out of the way as all other, and cut off as the tops of the ears of corn. <span class="ver">25</span>And if it be not so now, who will make me a liar, and make my speech nothing worth?
<h2 id="c25">Chapter 25</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then answered Bildad the Shuhite, and said, <span class="ver">2</span>Dominion and fear are with him, he maketh peace in his high placesM
. <span class="ver">3</span>Is there any number of his armies? and upon whom doth not his light arise? <span class="ver">4</span>How then can man be justified with God? or how can he be clean that is born of a woman? <span class="ver">5</span>Behold even to the moon, and it shineth not; yea, the stars are not pure in his sight. <span class="ver">6</span>How much less man, that is a worm? and the son of man, which is a worm?
<h2 id="c26">Chapter 26</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>But Job answered and said, <M
span class="ver">2</span>How hast thou helped him that is without power? how savest thou the arm that hath no strength? <span class="ver">3</span>How hast thou counselled him that hath no wisdom? and how hast thou plentifully declared the thing as it is? <span class="ver">4</span>To whom hast thou uttered words? and whose spirit came from thee? <span class="ver">5</span>Dead things are formed from under the waters, and the inhabitants thereof. <span class="ver">6</span>Hell is naked before him, and destruction hathM
no covering. <span class="ver">7</span>He stretcheth out the north over the empty place, and hangeth the earth upon nothing. <span class="ver">8</span>He bindeth up the waters in his thick clouds; and the cloud is not rent under them. <span class="ver">9</span>He holdeth back the face of his throne, and spreadeth his cloud upon it. <span class="ver">10</span>He hath compassed the waters with bounds, until the day and night come to an end. <span class="ver">11</span>The pillars of heaven tremble and are astonished M
at his reproof. <span class="ver">12</span>He divideth the sea with his power, and by his understanding he smiteth through the proud. <span class="ver">13</span>By his spirit he hath garnished the heavens; his hand hath formed the crooked serpent. <span class="ver">14</span>Lo, these are parts of his ways: but how little a portion is heard of him? but the thunder of his power who can understand?
<h2 id="c27">Chapter 27</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Moreover Job continued his parable, and said, <span classM
="ver">2</span>As God liveth, who hath taken away my judgment; and the Almighty, who hath vexed my soul; <span class="ver">3</span>All the while my breath is in me, and the spirit of God is in my nostrils; <span class="ver">4</span>My lips shall not speak wickedness, nor my tongue utter deceit. <span class="ver">5</span>God forbid that I should justify you: till I die I will not remove mine integrity from me. <span class="ver">6</span>My righteousness I hold fast, and will not let it go: my heart shall not reproachM
me so long as I live. <span class="ver">7</span>Let mine enemy be as the wicked, and he that riseth up against me as the unrighteous. <span class="ver">8</span>For what is the hope of the hypocrite, though he hath gained, when God taketh away his soul? <span class="ver">9</span>Will God hear his cry when trouble cometh upon him? <span class="ver">10</span>Will he delight himself in the Almighty? will he always call upon God? <span class="ver">11</span>I will teach you by the hand of God: that which is with the AlmM
ighty will I not conceal. <span class="ver">12</span>Behold, all ye yourselves have seen it; why then are ye thus altogether vain? <span class="ver">13</span>This is the portion of a wicked man with God, and the heritage of oppressors, which they shall receive of the Almighty. <span class="ver">14</span>If his children be multiplied, it is for the sword: and his offspring shall not be satisfied with bread. <span class="ver">15</span>Those that remain of him shall be buried in death: and his widows shall not weep. <M
span class="ver">16</span>Though he heap up silver as the dust, and prepare raiment as the clay; <span class="ver">17</span>He may prepare it, but the just shall put it on, and the innocent shall divide the silver. <span class="ver">18</span>He buildeth his house as a moth, and as a booth that the keeper maketh. <span class="ver">19</span>The rich man shall lie down, but he shall not be gathered: he openeth his eyes, and he is not. <span class="ver">20</span>Terrors take hold on him as waters, a tempest stealeth hiM
m away in the night. <span class="ver">21</span>The east wind carrieth him away, and he departeth: and as a storm hurleth him out of his place. <span class="ver">22</span>For God shall cast upon him, and not spare: he would fain flee out of his hand. <span class="ver">23</span>Men shall clap their hands at him, and shall hiss him out of his place.
<h2 id="c28">Chapter 28</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Surely there is a vein for the silver, and a place for gold where they fine it. <span class="ver">2</span>M
Iron is taken out of the earth, and brass is molten out of the stone. <span class="ver">3</span>He setteth an end to darkness, and searcheth out all perfection: the stones of darkness, and the shadow of death. <span class="ver">4</span>The flood breaketh out from the inhabitant; even the waters forgotten of the foot: they are dried up, they are gone away from men. <span class="ver">5</span>As for the earth, out of it cometh bread: and under it is turned up as it were fire. <span class="ver">6</span>The stones of itM
are the place of sapphires: and it hath dust of gold. <span class="ver">7</span>There is a path which no fowl knoweth, and which the vulture
s eye hath not seen: <span class="ver">8</span>The lion
s whelps have not trodden it, nor the fierce lion passed by it. <span class="ver">9</span>He putteth forth his hand upon the rock; he overturneth the mountains by the roots. <span class="ver">10</span>He cutteth out rivers among the rocks; and his eye seeth every precious thing. <span class="ver">11</span>He bindeth M
the floods from overflowing; and the thing that is hid bringeth he forth to light. <span class="ver">12</span>But where shall wisdom be found? and where is the place of understanding? <span class="ver">13</span>Man knoweth not the price thereof; neither is it found in the land of the living. <span class="ver">14</span>The depth saith, It is not in me: and the sea saith, It is not with me. <span class="ver">15</span>It cannot be gotten for gold, neither shall silver be weighed for the price thereof. <span class="verM
">16</span>It cannot be valued with the gold of Ophir, with the precious onyx, or the sapphire. <span class="ver">17</span>The gold and the crystal cannot equal it: and the exchange of it shall not be for jewels of fine gold. <span class="ver">18</span>No mention shall be made of coral, or of pearls: for the price of wisdom is above rubies. <span class="ver">19</span>The topaz of Ethiopia shall not equal it, neither shall it be valued with pure gold. <span class="ver">20</span>Whence then cometh wisdom? and where iM
s the place of understanding? <span class="ver">21</span>Seeing it is hid from the eyes of all living, and kept close from the fowls of the air. <span class="ver">22</span>Destruction and death say, We have heard the fame thereof with our ears. <span class="ver">23</span>God understandeth the way thereof, and he knoweth the place thereof. <span class="ver">24</span>For he looketh to the ends of the earth, and seeth under the whole heaven; <span class="ver">25</span>To make the weight for the winds; and he weigheth M
the waters by measure. <span class="ver">26</span>When he made a decree for the rain, and a way for the lightning of the thunder: <span class="ver">27</span>Then did he see it, and declare it; he prepared it, yea, and searched it out. <span class="ver">28</span>And unto man he said, Behold, the fear of the Lord, that is wisdom; and to depart from evil is understanding.
<h2 id="c29">Chapter 29</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Moreover Job continued his parable, and said, <span class="ver">2</span>Oh that I weM
re as in months past, as in the days when God preserved me; <span class="ver">3</span>When his candle shined upon my head, and when by his light I walked through darkness; <span class="ver">4</span>As I was in the days of my youth, when the secret of God was upon my tabernacle; <span class="ver">5</span>When the Almighty was yet with me, when my children were about me; <span class="ver">6</span>When I washed my steps with butter, and the rock poured me out rivers of oil; <span class="ver">7</span>When I went out toM
the gate through the city, when I prepared my seat in the street! <span class="ver">8</span>The young men saw me, and hid themselves: and the aged arose, and stood up. <span class="ver">9</span>The princes refrained talking, and laid their hand on their mouth. <span class="ver">10</span>The nobles held their peace, and their tongue cleaved to the roof of their mouth. <span class="ver">11</span>When the ear heard me, then it blessed me; and when the eye saw me, it gave witness to me: <span class="ver">12</span>BecaM
use I delivered the poor that cried, and the fatherless, and him that had none to help him. <span class="ver">13</span>The blessing of him that was ready to perish came upon me: and I caused the widow
s heart to sing for joy. <span class="ver">14</span>I put on righteousness, and it clothed me: my judgment was as a robe and a diadem. <span class="ver">15</span>I was eyes to the blind, and feet was I to the lame. <span class="ver">16</span>I was a father to the poor: and the cause which I knew not I searched out. M
<span class="ver">17</span>And I brake the jaws of the wicked, and plucked the spoil out of his teeth. <span class="ver">18</span>Then I said, I shall die in my nest, and I shall multiply my days as the sand. <span class="ver">19</span>My root was spread out by the waters, and the dew lay all night upon my branch. <span class="ver">20</span>My glory was fresh in me, and my bow was renewed in my hand. <span class="ver">21</span>Unto me men gave ear, and waited, and kept silence at my counsel. <span class="ver">22</sM
pan>After my words they spake not again; and my speech dropped upon them. <span class="ver">23</span>And they waited for me as for the rain; and they opened their mouth wide as for the latter rain. <span class="ver">24</span>If I laughed on them, they believed it not; and the light of my countenance they cast not down. <span class="ver">25</span>I chose out their way, and sat chief, and dwelt as a king in the army, as one that comforteth the mourners.
<h2 id="c30">Chapter 30</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>M
But now they that are younger than I have me in derision, whose fathers I would have disdained to have set with the dogs of my flock. <span class="ver">2</span>Yea, whereto might the strength of their hands profit me, in whom old age was perished? <span class="ver">3</span>For want and famine they were solitary; fleeing into the wilderness in former time desolate and waste. <span class="ver">4</span>Who cut up mallows by the bushes, and juniper roots for their meat. <span class="ver">5</span>They were driven forth M
from among men, (they cried after them as after a thief;) <span class="ver">6</span>To dwell in the clifts of the valleys, in caves of the earth, and in the rocks. <span class="ver">7</span>Among the bushes they brayed; under the nettles they were gathered together. <span class="ver">8</span>They were children of fools, yea, children of base men: they were viler than the earth. <span class="ver">9</span>And now am I their song, yea, I am their byword. <span class="ver">10</span>They abhor me, they flee far from me,M
and spare not to spit in my face. <span class="ver">11</span>Because he hath loosed my cord, and afflicted me, they have also let loose the bridle before me. <span class="ver">12</span>Upon my right hand rise the youth; they push away my feet, and they raise up against me the ways of their destruction. <span class="ver">13</span>They mar my path, they set forward my calamity, they have no helper. <span class="ver">14</span>They came upon me as a wide breaking in of waters: in the desolation they rolled themselves M
upon me. <span class="ver">15</span>Terrors are turned upon me: they pursue my soul as the wind: and my welfare passeth away as a cloud. <span class="ver">16</span>And now my soul is poured out upon me; the days of affliction have taken hold upon me. <span class="ver">17</span>My bones are pierced in me in the night season: and my sinews take no rest. <span class="ver">18</span>By the great force of my disease is my garment changed: it bindeth me about as the collar of my coat. <span class="ver">19</span>He hath caM
st me into the mire, and I am become like dust and ashes. <span class="ver">20</span>I cry unto thee, and thou dost not hear me: I stand up, and thou regardest me not. <span class="ver">21</span>Thou art become cruel to me: with thy strong hand thou opposest thyself against me. <span class="ver">22</span>Thou liftest me up to the wind; thou causest me to ride upon it, and dissolvest my substance. <span class="ver">23</span>For I know that thou wilt bring me to death, and to the house appointed for all living. <spanM
class="ver">24</span>Howbeit he will not stretch out his hand to the grave, though they cry in his destruction. <span class="ver">25</span>Did not I weep for him that was in trouble? was not my soul grieved for the poor? <span class="ver">26</span>When I looked for good, then evil came unto me: and when I waited for light, there came darkness. <span class="ver">27</span>My bowels boiled, and rested not: the days of affliction prevented me. <span class="ver">28</span>I went mourning without the sun: I stood up, andM
I cried in the congregation. <span class="ver">29</span>I am a brother to dragons, and a companion to owls. <span class="ver">30</span>My skin is black upon me, and my bones are burned with heat. <span class="ver">31</span>My harp also is turned to mourning, and my organ into the voice of them that weep.
<h2 id="c31">Chapter 31</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>I made a covenant with mine eyes; why then should I think upon a maid? <span class="ver">2</span>For what portion of God is there from above? and whaM
t inheritance of the Almighty from on high? <span class="ver">3</span>Is not destruction to the wicked? and a strange punishment to the workers of iniquity? <span class="ver">4</span>Doth not he see my ways, and count all my steps? <span class="ver">5</span>If I have walked with vanity, or if my foot hath hasted to deceit; <span class="ver">6</span>Let me be weighed in an even balance, that God may know mine integrity. <span class="ver">7</span>If my step hath turned out of the way, and mine heart walked after mineM
eyes, and if any blot hath cleaved to mine hands; <span class="ver">8</span>Then let me sow, and let another eat; yea, let my offspring be rooted out. <span class="ver">9</span>If mine heart have been deceived by a woman, or if I have laid wait at my neighbour
s door; <span class="ver">10</span>Then let my wife grind unto another, and let others bow down upon her. <span class="ver">11</span>For this is an heinous crime; yea, it is an iniquity to be punished by the judges. <span class="ver">12</span>For it is a fM
ire that consumeth to destruction, and would root out all mine increase. <span class="ver">13</span>If I did despise the cause of my manservant or of my maidservant, when they contended with me; <span class="ver">14</span>What then shall I do when God riseth up? and when he visiteth, what shall I answer him? <span class="ver">15</span>Did not he that made me in the womb make him? and did not one fashion us in the womb? <span class="ver">16</span>If I have withheld the poor from their desire, or have caused the eyesM
of the widow to fail; <span class="ver">17</span>Or have eaten my morsel myself alone, and the fatherless hath not eaten thereof; <span class="ver">18</span>(For from my youth he was brought up with me, as with a father, and I have guided her from my mother
s womb;) <span class="ver">19</span>If I have seen any perish for want of clothing, or any poor without covering; <span class="ver">20</span>If his loins have not blessed me, and if he were not warmed with the fleece of my sheep; <span class="ver">21</span>IfM
I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless, when I saw my help in the gate: <span class="ver">22</span>Then let mine arm fall from my shoulder blade, and mine arm be broken from the bone. <span class="ver">23</span>For destruction from God was a terror to me, and by reason of his highness I could not endure. <span class="ver">24</span>If I have made gold my hope, or have said to the fine gold, Thou art my confidence; <span class="ver">25</span>If I rejoiced because my wealth was great, and because mine hand hM
ad gotten much; <span class="ver">26</span>If I beheld the sun when it shined, or the moon walking in brightness; <span class="ver">27</span>And my heart hath been secretly enticed, or my mouth hath kissed my hand: <span class="ver">28</span>This also were an iniquity to be punished by the judge: for I should have denied the God that is above. <span class="ver">29</span>If I rejoiced at the destruction of him that hated me, or lifted up myself when evil found him: <span class="ver">30</span>Neither have I suffered M
my mouth to sin by wishing a curse to his soul. <span class="ver">31</span>If the men of my tabernacle said not, Oh that we had of his flesh! we cannot be satisfied. <span class="ver">32</span>The stranger did not lodge in the street: but I opened my doors to the traveller. <span class="ver">33</span>If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding mine iniquity in my bosom: <span class="ver">34</span>Did I fear a great multitude, or did the contempt of families terrify me, that I kept silence, and went not out ofM
the door? <span class="ver">35</span>Oh that one would hear me! behold, my desire is, that the Almighty would answer me, and that mine adversary had written a book. <span class="ver">36</span>Surely I would take it upon my shoulder, and bind it as a crown to me. <span class="ver">37</span>I would declare unto him the number of my steps; as a prince would I go near unto him. <span class="ver">38</span>If my land cry against me, or that the furrows likewise thereof complain; <span class="ver">39</span>If I have eateM
n the fruits thereof without money, or have caused the owners thereof to lose their life: <span class="ver">40</span>Let thistles grow instead of wheat, and cockle instead of barley. The words of Job are ended.
<h2 id="c32">Chapter 32</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>So these three men ceased to answer Job, because he was righteous in his own eyes. <span class="ver">2</span>Then was kindled the wrath of Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite, of the kindred of Ram: against Job was his wrath kindled, because heM
justified himself rather than God. <span class="ver">3</span>Also against his three friends was his wrath kindled, because they had found no answer, and yet had condemned Job. <span class="ver">4</span>Now Elihu had waited till Job had spoken, because they were elder than he. <span class="ver">5</span>When Elihu saw that there was no answer in the mouth of these three men, then his wrath was kindled. <span class="ver">6</span>And Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite answered and said, I am young, and ye are very oM
ld; wherefore I was afraid, and durst not shew you mine opinion. <span class="ver">7</span>I said, Days should speak, and multitude of years should teach wisdom. <span class="ver">8</span>But there is a spirit in man: and the inspiration of the Almighty giveth them understanding. <span class="ver">9</span>Great men are not always wise: neither do the aged understand judgment. <span class="ver">10</span>Therefore I said, Hearken to me; I also will shew mine opinion. <span class="ver">11</span>Behold, I waited for yoM
ur words; I gave ear to your reasons, whilst ye searched out what to say. <span class="ver">12</span>Yea, I attended unto you, and, behold, there was none of you that convinced Job, or that answered his words: <span class="ver">13</span>Lest ye should say, We have found out wisdom: God thrusteth him down, not man. <span class="ver">14</span>Now he hath not directed his words against me: neither will I answer him with your speeches. <span class="ver">15</span>They were amazed, they answered no more: they left off spM
eaking. <span class="ver">16</span>When I had waited, (for they spake not, but stood still, and answered no more;) <span class="ver">17</span>I said, I will answer also my part, I also will shew mine opinion. <span class="ver">18</span>For I am full of matter, the spirit within me constraineth me. <span class="ver">19</span>Behold, my belly is as wine which hath no vent; it is ready to burst like new bottles. <span class="ver">20</span>I will speak, that I may be refreshed: I will open my lips and answer. <span claM
ss="ver">21</span>Let me not, I pray you, accept any man
s person, neither let me give flattering titles unto man. <span class="ver">22</span>For I know not to give flattering titles; in so doing my maker would soon take me away.
<h2 id="c33">Chapter 33</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Wherefore, Job, I pray thee, hear my speeches, and hearken to all my words. <span class="ver">2</span>Behold, now I have opened my mouth, my tongue hath spoken in my mouth. <span class="ver">3</span>My words shall be of the M
uprightness of my heart: and my lips shall utter knowledge clearly. <span class="ver">4</span>The Spirit of God hath made me, and the breath of the Almighty hath given me life. <span class="ver">5</span>If thou canst answer me, set thy words in order before me, stand up. <span class="ver">6</span>Behold, I am according to thy wish in God
s stead: I also am formed out of the clay. <span class="ver">7</span>Behold, my terror shall not make thee afraid, neither shall my hand be heavy upon thee. <span class="ver">8</M
span>Surely thou hast spoken in mine hearing, and I have heard the voice of thy words, saying, <span class="ver">9</span>I am clean without transgression, I am innocent; neither is there iniquity in me. <span class="ver">10</span>Behold, he findeth occasions against me, he counteth me for his enemy, <span class="ver">11</span>He putteth my feet in the stocks, he marketh all my paths. <span class="ver">12</span>Behold, in this thou art not just: I will answer thee, that God is greater than man. <span class="ver">13<M
/span>Why dost thou strive against him? for he giveth not account of any of his matters. <span class="ver">14</span>For God speaketh once, yea twice, yet man perceiveth it not. <span class="ver">15</span>In a dream, in a vision of the night, when deep sleep falleth upon men, in slumberings upon the bed; <span class="ver">16</span>Then he openeth the ears of men, and sealeth their instruction, <span class="ver">17</span>That he may withdraw man from his purpose, and hide pride from man. <span class="ver">18</span>HeM
keepeth back his soul from the pit, and his life from perishing by the sword. <span class="ver">19</span>He is chastened also with pain upon his bed, and the multitude of his bones with strong pain: <span class="ver">20</span>So that his life abhorreth bread, and his soul dainty meat. <span class="ver">21</span>His flesh is consumed away, that it cannot be seen; and his bones that were not seen stick out. <span class="ver">22</span>Yea, his soul draweth near unto the grave, and his life to the destroyers. <span clM
ass="ver">23</span>If there be a messenger with him, an interpreter, one among a thousand, to shew unto man his uprightness: <span class="ver">24</span>Then he is gracious unto him, and saith, Deliver him from going down to the pit: I have found a ransom. <span class="ver">25</span>His flesh shall be fresher than a child
s: he shall return to the days of his youth: <span class="ver">26</span>He shall pray unto God, and he will be favourable unto him: and he shall see his face with joy: for he will render unto manM
his righteousness. <span class="ver">27</span>He looketh upon men, and if any say, I have sinned, and perverted that which was right, and it profited me not; <span class="ver">28</span>He will deliver his soul from going into the pit, and his life shall see the light. <span class="ver">29</span>Lo, all these things worketh God oftentimes with man, <span class="ver">30</span>To bring back his soul from the pit, to be enlightened with the light of the living. <span class="ver">31</span>Mark well, O Job, hearken untoM
me: hold thy peace, and I will speak. <span class="ver">32</span>If thou hast any thing to say, answer me: speak, for I desire to justify thee. <span class="ver">33</span>If not, hearken unto me: hold thy peace, and I shall teach thee wisdom.
<h2 id="c34">Chapter 34</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Furthermore Elihu answered and said, <span class="ver">2</span>Hear my words, O ye wise men; and give ear unto me, ye that have knowledge. <span class="ver">3</span>For the ear trieth words, as the mouth tasteth M
meat. <span class="ver">4</span>Let us choose to us judgment: let us know among ourselves what is good. <span class="ver">5</span>For Job hath said, I am righteous: and God hath taken away my judgment. <span class="ver">6</span>Should I lie against my right? my wound is incurable without transgression. <span class="ver">7</span>What man is like Job, who drinketh up scorning like water? <span class="ver">8</span>Which goeth in company with the workers of iniquity, and walketh with wicked men. <span class="ver">9</spM
an>For he hath said, It profiteth a man nothing that he should delight himself with God. <span class="ver">10</span>Therefore hearken unto me, ye men of understanding: far be it from God, that he should do wickedness; and from the Almighty, that he should commit iniquity. <span class="ver">11</span>For the work of a man shall he render unto him, and cause every man to find according to his ways. <span class="ver">12</span>Yea, surely God will not do wickedly, neither will the Almighty pervert judgment. <span class=M
"ver">13</span>Who hath given him a charge over the earth? or who hath disposed the whole world? <span class="ver">14</span>If he set his heart upon man, if he gather unto himself his spirit and his breath; <span class="ver">15</span>All flesh shall perish together, and man shall turn again unto dust. <span class="ver">16</span>If now thou hast understanding, hear this: hearken to the voice of my words. <span class="ver">17</span>Shall even he that hateth right govern? and wilt thou condemn him that is most just? <M
span class="ver">18</span>Is it fit to say to a king, Thou art wicked? and to princes, Ye are ungodly? <span class="ver">19</span>How much less to him that accepteth not the persons of princes, nor regardeth the rich more than the poor? for they all are the work of his hands. <span class="ver">20</span>In a moment shall they die, and the people shall be troubled at midnight, and pass away: and the mighty shall be taken away without hand. <span class="ver">21</span>For his eyes are upon the ways of man, and he seethM
all his goings. <span class="ver">22</span>There is no darkness, nor shadow of death, where the workers of iniquity may hide themselves. <span class="ver">23</span>For he will not lay upon man more than right; that he should enter into judgment with God. <span class="ver">24</span>He shall break in pieces mighty men without number, and set others in their stead. <span class="ver">25</span>Therefore he knoweth their works, and he overturneth them in the night, so that they are destroyed. <span class="ver">26</span>M
He striketh them as wicked men in the open sight of others; <span class="ver">27</span>Because they turned back from him, and would not consider any of his ways: <span class="ver">28</span>So that they cause the cry of the poor to come unto him, and he heareth the cry of the afflicted. <span class="ver">29</span>When he giveth quietness, who then can make trouble? and when he hideth his face, who then can behold him? whether it be done against a nation, or against a man only: <span class="ver">30</span>That the hypM
ocrite reign not, lest the people be ensnared. <span class="ver">31</span>Surely it is meet to be said unto God, I have borne chastisement, I will not offend any more: <span class="ver">32</span>That which I see not teach thou me: if I have done iniquity, I will do no more. <span class="ver">33</span>Should it be according to thy mind? he will recompense it, whether thou refuse, or whether thou choose; and not I: therefore speak what thou knowest. <span class="ver">34</span>Let men of understanding tell me, and letM
a wise man hearken unto me. <span class="ver">35</span>Job hath spoken without knowledge, and his words were without wisdom. <span class="ver">36</span>My desire is that Job may be tried unto the end because of his answers for wicked men. <span class="ver">37</span>For he addeth rebellion unto his sin, he clappeth his hands among us, and multiplieth his words against God.
<h2 id="c35">Chapter 35</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Elihu spake moreover, and said, <span class="ver">2</span>Thinkest thou this to M
be right, that thou saidst, My righteousness is more than God
s? <span class="ver">3</span>For thou saidst, What advantage will it be unto thee? and, What profit shall I have, if I be cleansed from my sin? <span class="ver">4</span>I will answer thee, and thy companions with thee. <span class="ver">5</span>Look unto the heavens, and see; and behold the clouds which are higher than thou. <span class="ver">6</span>If thou sinnest, what doest thou against him? or if thy transgressions be multiplied, what doest thou M
unto him? <span class="ver">7</span>If thou be righteous, what givest thou him? or what receiveth he of thine hand? <span class="ver">8</span>Thy wickedness may hurt a man as thou art; and thy righteousness may profit the son of man. <span class="ver">9</span>By reason of the multitude of oppressions they make the oppressed to cry: they cry out by reason of the arm of the mighty. <span class="ver">10</span>But none saith, Where is God my maker, who giveth songs in the night; <span class="ver">11</span>Who teacheth M
us more than the beasts of the earth, and maketh us wiser than the fowls of heaven? <span class="ver">12</span>There they cry, but none giveth answer, because of the pride of evil men. <span class="ver">13</span>Surely God will not hear vanity, neither will the Almighty regard it. <span class="ver">14</span>Although thou sayest thou shalt not see him, yet judgment is before him; therefore trust thou in him. <span class="ver">15</span>But now, because it is not so, he hath visited in his anger; yet he knoweth it notM
in great extremity: <span class="ver">16</span>Therefore doth Job open his mouth in vain; he multiplieth words without knowledge.
<h2 id="c36">Chapter 36</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Elihu also proceeded, and said, <span class="ver">2</span>Suffer me a little, and I will shew thee that I have yet to speak on God
s behalf. <span class="ver">3</span>I will fetch my knowledge from afar, and will ascribe righteousness to my Maker. <span class="ver">4</span>For truly my words shall not be false: he that isM
perfect in knowledge is with thee. <span class="ver">5</span>Behold, God is mighty, and despiseth not any: he is mighty in strength and wisdom. <span class="ver">6</span>He preserveth not the life of the wicked: but giveth right to the poor. <span class="ver">7</span>He withdraweth not his eyes from the righteous: but with kings are they on the throne; yea, he doth establish them for ever, and they are exalted. <span class="ver">8</span>And if they be bound in fetters, and be holden in cords of affliction; <span cM
lass="ver">9</span>Then he sheweth them their work, and their transgressions that they have exceeded. <span class="ver">10</span>He openeth also their ear to discipline, and commandeth that they return from iniquity. <span class="ver">11</span>If they obey and serve him, they shall spend their days in prosperity, and their years in pleasures. <span class="ver">12</span>But if they obey not, they shall perish by the sword, and they shall die without knowledge. <span class="ver">13</span>But the hypocrites in heart hM
eap up wrath: they cry not when he bindeth them. <span class="ver">14</span>They die in youth, and their life is among the unclean. <span class="ver">15</span>He delivereth the poor in his affliction, and openeth their ears in oppression. <span class="ver">16</span>Even so would he have removed thee out of the strait into a broad place, where there is no straitness; and that which should be set on thy table should be full of fatness. <span class="ver">17</span>But thou hast fulfilled the judgment of the wicked: judM
gment and justice take hold on thee. <span class="ver">18</span>Because there is wrath, beware lest he take thee away with his stroke: then a great ransom cannot deliver thee. <span class="ver">19</span>Will he esteem thy riches? no, not gold, nor all the forces of strength. <span class="ver">20</span>Desire not the night, when people are cut off in their place. <span class="ver">21</span>Take heed, regard not iniquity: for this hast thou chosen rather than affliction. <span class="ver">22</span>Behold, God exaltetM
h by his power: who teacheth like him? <span class="ver">23</span>Who hath enjoined him his way? or who can say, Thou hast wrought iniquity? <span class="ver">24</span>Remember that thou magnify his work, which men behold. <span class="ver">25</span>Every man may see it; man may behold it afar off. <span class="ver">26</span>Behold, God is great, and we know him not, neither can the number of his years be searched out. <span class="ver">27</span>For he maketh small the drops of water: they pour down rain according M
to the vapour thereof: <span class="ver">28</span>Which the clouds do drop and distil upon man abundantly. <span class="ver">29</span>Also can any understand the spreadings of the clouds, or the noise of his tabernacle? <span class="ver">30</span>Behold, he spreadeth his light upon it, and covereth the bottom of the sea. <span class="ver">31</span>For by them judgeth he the people; he giveth meat in abundance. <span class="ver">32</span>With clouds he covereth the light; and commandeth it not to shine by the cloud M
that cometh betwixt. <span class="ver">33</span>The noise thereof sheweth concerning it, the cattle also concerning the vapour.
<h2 id="c37">Chapter 37</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>At this also my heart trembleth, and is moved out of his place. <span class="ver">2</span>Hear attentively the noise of his voice, and the sound that goeth out of his mouth. <span class="ver">3</span>He directeth it under the whole heaven, and his lightning unto the ends of the earth. <span class="ver">4</span>After it a voiceM
roareth: he thundereth with the voice of his excellency; and he will not stay them when his voice is heard. <span class="ver">5</span>God thundereth marvellously with his voice; great things doeth he, which we cannot comprehend. <span class="ver">6</span>For he saith to the snow, Be thou on the earth; likewise to the small rain, and to the great rain of his strength. <span class="ver">7</span>He sealeth up the hand of every man; that all men may know his work. <span class="ver">8</span>Then the beasts go into densM
, and remain in their places. <span class="ver">9</span>Out of the south cometh the whirlwind: and cold out of the north. <span class="ver">10</span>By the breath of God frost is given: and the breadth of the waters is straitened. <span class="ver">11</span>Also by watering he wearieth the thick cloud: he scattereth his bright cloud: <span class="ver">12</span>And it is turned round about by his counsels: that they may do whatsoever he commandeth them upon the face of the world in the earth. <span class="ver">13</sM
pan>He causeth it to come, whether for correction, or for his land, or for mercy. <span class="ver">14</span>Hearken unto this, O Job: stand still, and consider the wondrous works of God. <span class="ver">15</span>Dost thou know when God disposed them, and caused the light of his cloud to shine? <span class="ver">16</span>Dost thou know the balancings of the clouds, the wondrous works of him which is perfect in knowledge? <span class="ver">17</span>How thy garments are warm, when he quieteth the earth by the southM
wind? <span class="ver">18</span>Hast thou with him spread out the sky, which is strong, and as a molten looking glass? <span class="ver">19</span>Teach us what we shall say unto him; for we cannot order our speech by reason of darkness. <span class="ver">20</span>Shall it be told him that I speak? if a man speak, surely he shall be swallowed up. <span class="ver">21</span>And now men see not the bright light which is in the clouds: but the wind passeth, and cleanseth them. <span class="ver">22</span>Fair weather M
cometh out of the north: with God is terrible majesty. <span class="ver">23</span>Touching the Almighty, we cannot find him out: he is excellent in power, and in judgment, and in plenty of justice: he will not afflict. <span class="ver">24</span>Men do therefore fear him: he respecteth not any that are wise of heart.
<h2 id="c38">Chapter 38</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then the LORD answered Job out of the whirlwind, and said, <span class="ver">2</span>Who is this that darkeneth counsel by words without M
knowledge? <span class="ver">3</span>Gird up now thy loins like a man; for I will demand of thee, and answer thou me. <span class="ver">4</span>Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? declare, if thou hast understanding. <span class="ver">5</span>Who hath laid the measures thereof, if thou knowest? or who hath stretched the line upon it? <span class="ver">6</span>Whereupon are the foundations thereof fastened? or who laid the corner stone thereof; <span class="ver">7</span>When the morning stars sM
ang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy? <span class="ver">8</span>Or who shut up the sea with doors, when it brake forth, as if it had issued out of the womb? <span class="ver">9</span>When I made the cloud the garment thereof, and thick darkness a swaddlingband for it, <span class="ver">10</span>And brake up for it my decreed place, and set bars and doors, <span class="ver">11</span>And said, Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further: and here shall thy proud waves be stayed? <span class="ver">12</spM
an>Hast thou commanded the morning since thy days; and caused the dayspring to know his place; <span class="ver">13</span>That it might take hold of the ends of the earth, that the wicked might be shaken out of it? <span class="ver">14</span>It is turned as clay to the seal; and they stand as a garment. <span class="ver">15</span>And from the wicked their light is withholden, and the high arm shall be broken. <span class="ver">16</span>Hast thou entered into the springs of the sea? or hast thou walked in the searchM
of the depth? <span class="ver">17</span>Have the gates of death been opened unto thee? or hast thou seen the doors of the shadow of death? <span class="ver">18</span>Hast thou perceived the breadth of the earth? declare if thou knowest it all. <span class="ver">19</span>Where is the way where light dwelleth? and as for darkness, where is the place thereof, <span class="ver">20</span>That thou shouldest take it to the bound thereof, and that thou shouldest know the paths to the house thereof? <span class="ver">21<M
/span>Knowest thou it, because thou wast then born? or because the number of thy days is great? <span class="ver">22</span>Hast thou entered into the treasures of the snow? or hast thou seen the treasures of the hail, <span class="ver">23</span>Which I have reserved against the time of trouble, against the day of battle and war? <span class="ver">24</span>By what way is the light parted, which scattereth the east wind upon the earth? <span class="ver">25</span>Who hath divided a watercourse for the overflowing of wM
aters, or a way for the lightning of thunder; <span class="ver">26</span>To cause it to rain on the earth, where no man is; on the wilderness, wherein there is no man; <span class="ver">27</span>To satisfy the desolate and waste ground; and to cause the bud of the tender herb to spring forth? <span class="ver">28</span>Hath the rain a father? or who hath begotten the drops of dew? <span class="ver">29</span>Out of whose womb came the ice? and the hoary frost of heaven, who hath gendered it? <span class="ver">30</spM
an>The waters are hid as with a stone, and the face of the deep is frozen. <span class="ver">31</span>Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion? <span class="ver">32</span>Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth in his season? or canst thou guide Arcturus with his sons? <span class="ver">33</span>Knowest thou the ordinances of heaven? canst thou set the dominion thereof in the earth? <span class="ver">34</span>Canst thou lift up thy voice to the clouds, that abundance of waters may coveM
r thee? <span class="ver">35</span>Canst thou send lightnings, that they may go, and say unto thee, Here we are? <span class="ver">36</span>Who hath put wisdom in the inward parts? or who hath given understanding to the heart? <span class="ver">37</span>Who can number the clouds in wisdom? or who can stay the bottles of heaven, <span class="ver">38</span>When the dust groweth into hardness, and the clods cleave fast together? <span class="ver">39</span>Wilt thou hunt the prey for the lion? or fill the appetite of tM
he young lions, <span class="ver">40</span>When they couch in their dens, and abide in the covert to lie in wait? <span class="ver">41</span>Who provideth for the raven his food? when his young ones cry unto God, they wander for lack of meat.
<h2 id="c39">Chapter 39</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Knowest thou the time when the wild goats of the rock bring forth? or canst thou mark when the hinds do calve? <span class="ver">2</span>Canst thou number the months that they fulfil? or knowest thou the time whenM
they bring forth? <span class="ver">3</span>They bow themselves, they bring forth their young ones, they cast out their sorrows. <span class="ver">4</span>Their young ones are in good liking, they grow up with corn; they go forth, and return not unto them. <span class="ver">5</span>Who hath sent out the wild ass free? or who hath loosed the bands of the wild ass? <span class="ver">6</span>Whose house I have made the wilderness, and the barren land his dwellings. <span class="ver">7</span>He scorneth the multitude M
of the city, neither regardeth he the crying of the driver. <span class="ver">8</span>The range of the mountains is his pasture, and he searcheth after every green thing. <span class="ver">9</span>Will the unicorn be willing to serve thee, or abide by thy crib? <span class="ver">10</span>Canst thou bind the unicorn with his band in the furrow? or will he harrow the valleys after thee? <span class="ver">11</span>Wilt thou trust him, because his strength is great? or wilt thou leave thy labour to him? <span class="veM
r">12</span>Wilt thou believe him, that he will bring home thy seed, and gather it into thy barn? <span class="ver">13</span>Gavest thou the goodly wings unto the peacocks? or wings and feathers unto the ostrich? <span class="ver">14</span>Which leaveth her eggs in the earth, and warmeth them in dust, <span class="ver">15</span>And forgetteth that the foot may crush them, or that the wild beast may break them. <span class="ver">16</span>She is hardened against her young ones, as though they were not hers: her labouM
r is in vain without fear; <span class="ver">17</span>Because God hath deprived her of wisdom, neither hath he imparted to her understanding. <span class="ver">18</span>What time she lifteth up herself on high, she scorneth the horse and his rider. <span class="ver">19</span>Hast thou given the horse strength? hast thou clothed his neck with thunder? <span class="ver">20</span>Canst thou make him afraid as a grasshopper? the glory of his nostrils is terrible. <span class="ver">21</span>He paweth in the valley, and M
rejoiceth in his strength: he goeth on to meet the armed men. <span class="ver">22</span>He mocketh at fear, and is not affrighted; neither turneth he back from the sword. <span class="ver">23</span>The quiver rattleth against him, the glittering spear and the shield. <span class="ver">24</span>He swalloweth the ground with fierceness and rage: neither believeth he that it is the sound of the trumpet. <span class="ver">25</span>He saith among the trumpets, Ha, ha; and he smelleth the battle afar off, the thunder ofM
the captains, and the shouting. <span class="ver">26</span>Doth the hawk fly by thy wisdom, and stretch her wings toward the south? <span class="ver">27</span>Doth the eagle mount up at thy command, and make her nest on high? <span class="ver">28</span>She dwelleth and abideth on the rock, upon the crag of the rock, and the strong place. <span class="ver">29</span>From thence she seeketh the prey, and her eyes behold afar off. <span class="ver">30</span>Her young ones also suck up blood: and where the slain are, tM
<h2 id="c40">Chapter 40</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Moreover the LORD answered Job, and said, <span class="ver">2</span>Shall he that contendeth with the Almighty instruct him? he that reproveth God, let him answer it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>Then Job answered the LORD, and said, <span class="ver">4</span>Behold, I am vile; what shall I answer thee? I will lay mine hand upon my mouth. <span class="ver">5</span>Once have I spoken; but I will not answer: yea, twice; but I will proM
ceed no further. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Then answered the LORD unto Job out of the whirlwind, and said, <span class="ver">7</span>Gird up thy loins now like a man: I will demand of thee, and declare thou unto me. <span class="ver">8</span>Wilt thou also disannul my judgment? wilt thou condemn me, that thou mayest be righteous? <span class="ver">9</span>Hast thou an arm like God? or canst thou thunder with a voice like him? <span class="ver">10</span>Deck thyself now with majesty and excellency; and arrM
ay thyself with glory and beauty. <span class="ver">11</span>Cast abroad the rage of thy wrath: and behold every one that is proud, and abase him. <span class="ver">12</span>Look on every one that is proud, and bring him low; and tread down the wicked in their place. <span class="ver">13</span>Hide them in the dust together; and bind their faces in secret. <span class="ver">14</span>Then will I also confess unto thee that thine own right hand can save thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Behold now behemoth, M
which I made with thee; he eateth grass as an ox. <span class="ver">16</span>Lo now, his strength is in his loins, and his force is in the navel of his belly. <span class="ver">17</span>He moveth his tail like a cedar: the sinews of his stones are wrapped together. <span class="ver">18</span>His bones are as strong pieces of brass; his bones are like bars of iron. <span class="ver">19</span>He is the chief of the ways of God: he that made him can make his sword to approach unto him. <span class="ver">20</span>SurelM
y the mountains bring him forth food, where all the beasts of the field play. <span class="ver">21</span>He lieth under the shady trees, in the covert of the reed, and fens. <span class="ver">22</span>The shady trees cover him with their shadow; the willows of the brook compass him about. <span class="ver">23</span>Behold, he drinketh up a river, and hasteth not: he trusteth that he can draw up Jordan into his mouth. <span class="ver">24</span>He taketh it with his eyes: his nose pierceth through snares.
"c41">Chapter 41</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Canst thou draw out leviathan with an hook? or his tongue with a cord which thou lettest down? <span class="ver">2</span>Canst thou put an hook into his nose? or bore his jaw through with a thorn? <span class="ver">3</span>Will he make many supplications unto thee? will he speak soft words unto thee? <span class="ver">4</span>Will he make a covenant with thee? wilt thou take him for a servant for ever? <span class="ver">5</span>Wilt thou play with him as with a M
bird? or wilt thou bind him for thy maidens? <span class="ver">6</span>Shall the companions make a banquet of him? shall they part him among the merchants? <span class="ver">7</span>Canst thou fill his skin with barbed irons? or his head with fish spears? <span class="ver">8</span>Lay thine hand upon him, remember the battle, do no more. <span class="ver">9</span>Behold, the hope of him is in vain: shall not one be cast down even at the sight of him? <span class="ver">10</span>None is so fierce that dare stir him uM
p: who then is able to stand before me? <span class="ver">11</span>Who hath prevented me, that I should repay him? whatsoever is under the whole heaven is mine. <span class="ver">12</span>I will not conceal his parts, nor his power, nor his comely proportion. <span class="ver">13</span>Who can discover the face of his garment? or who can come to him with his double bridle? <span class="ver">14</span>Who can open the doors of his face? his teeth are terrible round about. <span class="ver">15</span>His scales are hisM
pride, shut up together as with a close seal. <span class="ver">16</span>One is so near to another, that no air can come between them. <span class="ver">17</span>They are joined one to another, they stick together, that they cannot be sundered. <span class="ver">18</span>By his neesings a light doth shine, and his eyes are like the eyelids of the morning. <span class="ver">19</span>Out of his mouth go burning lamps, and sparks of fire leap out. <span class="ver">20</span>Out of his nostrils goeth smoke, as out of M
a seething pot or caldron. <span class="ver">21</span>His breath kindleth coals, and a flame goeth out of his mouth. <span class="ver">22</span>In his neck remaineth strength, and sorrow is turned into joy before him. <span class="ver">23</span>The flakes of his flesh are joined together: they are firm in themselves; they cannot be moved. <span class="ver">24</span>His heart is as firm as a stone; yea, as hard as a piece of the nether millstone. <span class="ver">25</span>When he raiseth up himself, the mighty are M
afraid: by reason of breakings they purify themselves. <span class="ver">26</span>The sword of him that layeth at him cannot hold: the spear, the dart, nor the habergeon. <span class="ver">27</span>He esteemeth iron as straw, and brass as rotten wood. <span class="ver">28</span>The arrow cannot make him flee: slingstones are turned with him into stubble. <span class="ver">29</span>Darts are counted as stubble: he laugheth at the shaking of a spear. <span class="ver">30</span>Sharp stones are under him: he spreadethM
sharp pointed things upon the mire. <span class="ver">31</span>He maketh the deep to boil like a pot: he maketh the sea like a pot of ointment. <span class="ver">32</span>He maketh a path to shine after him; one would think the deep to be hoary. <span class="ver">33</span>Upon earth there is not his like, who is made without fear. <span class="ver">34</span>He beholdeth all high things: he is a king over all the children of pride.
<h2 id="c42">Chapter 42</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then Job answered thM
e LORD, and said, <span class="ver">2</span>I know that thou canst do every thing, and that no thought can be withholden from thee. <span class="ver">3</span>Who is he that hideth counsel without knowledge? therefore have I uttered that I understood not; things too wonderful for me, which I knew not. <span class="ver">4</span>Hear, I beseech thee, and I will speak: I will demand of thee, and declare thou unto me. <span class="ver">5</span>I have heard of thee by the hearing of the ear: but now mine eye seeth thee. M
<span class="ver">6</span>Wherefore I abhor myself, and repent in dust and ashes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And it was so, that after the LORD had spoken these words unto Job, the LORD said to Eliphaz the Temanite, My wrath is kindled against thee, and against thy two friends: for ye have not spoken of me the thing that is right, as my servant Job hath. <span class="ver">8</span>Therefore take unto you now seven bullocks and seven rams, and go to my servant Job, and offer up for yourselves a burnt offerinM
g; and my servant Job shall pray for you: for him will I accept: lest I deal with you after your folly, in that ye have not spoken of me the thing which is right, like my servant Job. <span class="ver">9</span>So Eliphaz the Temanite and Bildad the Shuhite and Zophar the Naamathite went, and did according as the LORD commanded them: the LORD also accepted Job. <span class="ver">10</span>And the LORD turned the captivity of Job, when he prayed for his friends: also the LORD gave Job twice as much as he had before. <M
span class="ver">11</span>Then came there unto him all his brethren, and all his sisters, and all they that had been of his acquaintance before, and did eat bread with him in his house: and they bemoaned him, and comforted him over all the evil that the LORD had brought upon him: every man also gave him a piece of money, and every one an earring of gold. <span class="ver">12</span>So the LORD blessed the latter end of Job more than his beginning: for he had fourteen thousand sheep, and six thousand camels, and a thM
ousand yoke of oxen, and a thousand she asses. <span class="ver">13</span>He had also seven sons and three daughters. <span class="ver">14</span>And he called the name of the first, Jemima; and the name of the second, Kezia; and the name of the third, Keren-happuch. <span class="ver">15</span>And in all the land were no women found so fair as the daughters of Job: and their father gave them inheritance among their brethren. <span class="ver">16</span>After this lived Job an hundred and forty years, and saw his sonsL
sons, even four generations. <span class="ver">17</span>So Job died, being old and full of days. </p>
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<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="#c10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="#c11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="#c12">12</a></li>
<li><a href="#c13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="#c14">14</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The word of the LORD that came unto HM
osea, the son of Beeri, in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash, king of Israel. <span class="ver">2</span>The beginning of the word of the LORD by Hosea. And the LORD said to Hosea, Go, take unto thee a wife of whoredoms and children of whoredoms: for the land hath committed great whoredom, departing from the LORD. <span class="ver">3</span>So he went and took Gomer the daughter of Diblaim; which conceived, and bare him a son. <span class="verM
">4</span>And the LORD said unto him, Call his name Jezreel; for yet a little while, and I will avenge the blood of Jezreel upon the house of Jehu, and will cause to cease the kingdom of the house of Israel. <span class="ver">5</span>And it shall come to pass at that day, that I will break the bow of Israel in the valley of Jezreel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And she conceived again, and bare a daughter. And God said unto him, Call her name Lo-ruhamah: for I will no more have mercy upon the house of IsraelM
; but I will utterly take them away. <span class="ver">7</span>But I will have mercy upon the house of Judah, and will save them by the LORD their God, and will not save them by bow, nor by sword, nor by battle, by horses, nor by horsemen. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Now when she had weaned Lo-ruhamah, she conceived, and bare a son. <span class="ver">9</span>Then said God, Call his name Lo-ammi: for ye are not my people, and I will not be your God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Yet the number of the M
children of Israel shall be as the sand of the sea, which cannot be measured nor numbered; and it shall come to pass, that in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not my people, there it shall be said unto them, Ye are the sons of the living God. <span class="ver">11</span>Then shall the children of Judah and the children of Israel be gathered together, and appoint themselves one head, and they shall come up out of the land: for great shall be the day of Jezreel.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
lass="ver">1</span>Say ye unto your brethren, Ammi; and to your sisters, Ru-hamah. <span class="ver">2</span>Plead with your mother, plead: for she is not my wife, neither am I her husband: let her therefore put away her whoredoms out of her sight, and her adulteries from between her breasts; <span class="ver">3</span>Lest I strip her naked, and set her as in the day that she was born, and make her as a wilderness, and set her like a dry land, and slay her with thirst. <span class="ver">4</span>And I will not have M
mercy upon her children; for they be the children of whoredoms. <span class="ver">5</span>For their mother hath played the harlot: she that conceived them hath done shamefully: for she said, I will go after my lovers, that give me my bread and my water, my wool and my flax, mine oil and my drink. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Therefore, behold, I will hedge up thy way with thorns, and make a wall, that she shall not find her paths. <span class="ver">7</span>And she shall follow after her lovers, but she shallM
not overtake them; and she shall seek them, but shall not find them: then shall she say, I will go and return to my first husband; for then was it better with me than now. <span class="ver">8</span>For she did not know that I gave her corn, and wine, and oil, and multiplied her silver and gold, which they prepared for Baal. <span class="ver">9</span>Therefore will I return, and take away my corn in the time thereof, and my wine in the season thereof, and will recover my wool and my flax given to cover her nakednesM
s. <span class="ver">10</span>And now will I discover her lewdness in the sight of her lovers, and none shall deliver her out of mine hand. <span class="ver">11</span>I will also cause all her mirth to cease, her feast days, her new moons, and her sabbaths, and all her solemn feasts. <span class="ver">12</span>And I will destroy her vines and her fig trees, whereof she hath said, These are my rewards that my lovers have given me: and I will make them a forest, and the beasts of the field shall eat them. <span classM
="ver">13</span>And I will visit upon her the days of Baalim, wherein she burned incense to them, and she decked herself with her earrings and her jewels, and she went after her lovers, and forgat me, saith the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Therefore, behold, I will allure her, and bring her into the wilderness, and speak comfortably unto her. <span class="ver">15</span>And I will give her her vineyards from thence, and the valley of Achor for a door of hope: and she shall sing there, as in the days ofM
her youth, and as in the day when she came up out of the land of Egypt. <span class="ver">16</span>And it shall be at that day, saith the LORD, that thou shalt call me Ishi; and shalt call me no more Baali. <span class="ver">17</span>For I will take away the names of Baalim out of her mouth, and they shall no more be remembered by their name. <span class="ver">18</span>And in that day will I make a covenant for them with the beasts of the field, and with the fowls of heaven, and with the creeping things of the groM
und: and I will break the bow and the sword and the battle out of the earth, and will make them to lie down safely. <span class="ver">19</span>And I will betroth thee unto me for ever; yea, I will betroth thee unto me in righteousness, and in judgment, and in lovingkindness, and in mercies. <span class="ver">20</span>I will even betroth thee unto me in faithfulness: and thou shalt know the LORD. <span class="ver">21</span>And it shall come to pass in that day, I will hear, saith the LORD, I will hear the heavens, aM
nd they shall hear the earth; <span class="ver">22</span>And the earth shall hear the corn, and the wine, and the oil; and they shall hear Jezreel. <span class="ver">23</span>And I will sow her unto me in the earth; and I will have mercy upon her that had not obtained mercy; and I will say to them which were not my people, Thou art my people; and they shall say, Thou art my God.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then said the LORD unto me, Go yet, love a woman beloved of her friend, yet M
an adulteress, according to the love of the LORD toward the children of Israel, who look to other gods, and love flagons of wine. <span class="ver">2</span>So I bought her to me for fifteen pieces of silver, and for an homer of barley, and an half homer of barley: <span class="ver">3</span>And I said unto her, Thou shalt abide for me many days; thou shalt not play the harlot, and thou shalt not be for another man: so will I also be for thee. <span class="ver">4</span>For the children of Israel shall abide many daysM
without a king, and without a prince, and without a sacrifice, and without an image, and without an ephod, and without teraphim: <span class="ver">5</span>Afterward shall the children of Israel return, and seek the LORD their God, and David their king; and shall fear the LORD and his goodness in the latter days.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Hear the word of the LORD, ye children of Israel: for the LORD hath a controversy with the inhabitants of the land, because there is no truth, M
nor mercy, nor knowledge of God in the land. <span class="ver">2</span>By swearing, and lying, and killing, and stealing, and committing adultery, they break out, and blood toucheth blood. <span class="ver">3</span>Therefore shall the land mourn, and every one that dwelleth therein shall languish, with the beasts of the field, and with the fowls of heaven; yea, the fishes of the sea also shall be taken away. <span class="ver">4</span>Yet let no man strive, nor reprove another: for thy people are as they that striveM
with the priest. <span class="ver">5</span>Therefore shalt thou fall in the day, and the prophet also shall fall with thee in the night, and I will destroy thy mother. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge: because thou hast rejected knowledge, I will also reject thee, that thou shalt be no priest to me: seeing thou hast forgotten the law of thy God, I will also forget thy children. <span class="ver">7</span>As they were increased, so they sinned against me: therefore wiM
ll I change their glory into shame. <span class="ver">8</span>They eat up the sin of my people, and they set their heart on their iniquity. <span class="ver">9</span>And there shall be, like people, like priest: and I will punish them for their ways, and reward them their doings. <span class="ver">10</span>For they shall eat, and not have enough: they shall commit whoredom, and shall not increase: because they have left off to take heed to the LORD. <span class="ver">11</span>Whoredom and wine and new wine take awaM
<p><span class="ver">12</span>My people ask counsel at their stocks, and their staff declareth unto them: for the spirit of whoredoms hath caused them to err, and they have gone a whoring from under their God. <span class="ver">13</span>They sacrifice upon the tops of the mountains, and burn incense upon the hills, under oaks and poplars and elms, because the shadow thereof is good: therefore your daughters shall commit whoredom, and your spouses shall commit adultery. <span class="ver">14</spanM
>I will not punish your daughters when they commit whoredom, nor your spouses when they commit adultery: for themselves are separated with whores, and they sacrifice with harlots: therefore the people that doth not understand shall fall. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Though thou, Israel, play the harlot, yet let not Judah offend; and come not ye unto Gilgal, neither go ye up to Beth-aven, nor swear, The LORD liveth. <span class="ver">16</span>For Israel slideth back as a backsliding heifer: now the LORD willM
feed them as a lamb in a large place. <span class="ver">17</span>Ephraim is joined to idols: let him alone. <span class="ver">18</span>Their drink is sour: they have committed whoredom continually: her rulers with shame do love, Give ye. <span class="ver">19</span>The wind hath bound her up in her wings, and they shall be ashamed because of their sacrifices.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Hear ye this, O priests; and hearken, ye house of Israel; and give ye ear, O house of the king; M
for judgment is toward you, because ye have been a snare on Mizpah, and a net spread upon Tabor. <span class="ver">2</span>And the revolters are profound to make slaughter, though I have been a rebuker of them all. <span class="ver">3</span>I know Ephraim, and Israel is not hid from me: for now, O Ephraim, thou committest whoredom, and Israel is defiled. <span class="ver">4</span>They will not frame their doings to turn unto their God: for the spirit of whoredoms is in the midst of them, and they have not known theM
LORD. <span class="ver">5</span>And the pride of Israel doth testify to his face: therefore shall Israel and Ephraim fall in their iniquity; Judah also shall fall with them. <span class="ver">6</span>They shall go with their flocks and with their herds to seek the LORD; but they shall not find him; he hath withdrawn himself from them. <span class="ver">7</span>They have dealt treacherously against the LORD: for they have begotten strange children: now shall a month devour them with their portions. <span class="verM
">8</span>Blow ye the cornet in Gibeah, and the trumpet in Ramah: cry aloud at Beth-aven, after thee, O Benjamin. <span class="ver">9</span>Ephraim shall be desolate in the day of rebuke: among the tribes of Israel have I made known that which shall surely be. <span class="ver">10</span>The princes of Judah were like them that remove the bound: therefore I will pour out my wrath upon them like water. <span class="ver">11</span>Ephraim is oppressed and broken in judgment, because he willingly walked after the commanM
dment. <span class="ver">12</span>Therefore will I be unto Ephraim as a moth, and to the house of Judah as rottenness. <span class="ver">13</span>When Ephraim saw his sickness, and Judah saw his wound, then went Ephraim to the Assyrian, and sent to king Jareb: yet could he not heal you, nor cure you of your wound. <span class="ver">14</span>For I will be unto Ephraim as a lion, and as a young lion to the house of Judah: I, even I, will tear and go away; I will take away, and none shall rescue him. </p>
lass="ver">15</span>I will go and return to my place, till they acknowledge their offence, and seek my face: in their affliction they will seek me early.
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Come, and let us return unto the LORD: for he hath torn, and he will heal us; he hath smitten, and he will bind us up. <span class="ver">2</span>After two days will he revive us: in the third day he will raise us up, and we shall live in his sight. <span class="ver">3</span>Then shall we know, if we folM
low on to know the LORD: his going forth is prepared as the morning; and he shall come unto us as the rain, as the latter and former rain unto the earth. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>O Ephraim, what shall I do unto thee? O Judah, what shall I do unto thee? for your goodness is as a morning cloud, and as the early dew it goeth away. <span class="ver">5</span>Therefore have I hewed them by the prophets; I have slain them by the words of my mouth: and thy judgments are as the light that goeth forth. <span classM
="ver">6</span>For I desired mercy, and not sacrifice; and the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings. <span class="ver">7</span>But they like men have transgressed the covenant: there have they dealt treacherously against me. <span class="ver">8</span>Gilead is a city of them that work iniquity, and is polluted with blood. <span class="ver">9</span>And as troops of robbers wait for a man, so the company of priests murder in the way by consent: for they commit lewdness. <span class="ver">10</span>I have seen anM
horrible thing in the house of Israel: there is the whoredom of Ephraim, Israel is defiled. <span class="ver">11</span>Also, O Judah, he hath set an harvest for thee, when I returned the captivity of my people.
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>When I would have healed Israel, then the iniquity of Ephraim was discovered, and the wickedness of Samaria: for they commit falsehood; and the thief cometh in, and the troop of robbers spoileth without. <span class="ver">2</span>And they consideM
r not in their hearts that I remember all their wickedness: now their own doings have beset them about; they are before my face. <span class="ver">3</span>They make the king glad with their wickedness, and the princes with their lies. <span class="ver">4</span>They are all adulterers, as an oven heated by the baker, who ceaseth from raising after he hath kneaded the dough, until it be leavened. <span class="ver">5</span>In the day of our king the princes have made him sick with bottles of wine; he stretched out hisM
hand with scorners. <span class="ver">6</span>For they have made ready their heart like an oven, whiles they lie in wait: their baker sleepeth all the night; in the morning it burneth as a flaming fire. <span class="ver">7</span>They are all hot as an oven, and have devoured their judges; all their kings are fallen: there is none among them that calleth unto me. <span class="ver">8</span>Ephraim, he hath mixed himself among the people; Ephraim is a cake not turned. <span class="ver">9</span>Strangers have devouredM
his strength, and he knoweth it not: yea, gray hairs are here and there upon him, yet he knoweth not. <span class="ver">10</span>And the pride of Israel testifieth to his face: and they do not return to the LORD their God, nor seek him for all this. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Ephraim also is like a silly dove without heart: they call to Egypt, they go to Assyria. <span class="ver">12</span>When they shall go, I will spread my net upon them; I will bring them down as the fowls of the heaven; I will chastiM
se them, as their congregation hath heard. <span class="ver">13</span>Woe unto them! for they have fled from me: destruction unto them! because they have transgressed against me: though I have redeemed them, yet they have spoken lies against me. <span class="ver">14</span>And they have not cried unto me with their heart, when they howled upon their beds: they assemble themselves for corn and wine, and they rebel against me. <span class="ver">15</span>Though I have bound and strengthened their arms, yet do they imagM
ine mischief against me. <span class="ver">16</span>They return, but not to the most High: they are like a deceitful bow: their princes shall fall by the sword for the rage of their tongue: this shall be their derision in the land of Egypt.
<h2 id="c8">Chapter 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Set the trumpet to thy mouth. He shall come as an eagle against the house of the LORD, because they have transgressed my covenant, and trespassed against my law. <span class="ver">2</span>Israel shall cry unto me, My M
God, we know thee. <span class="ver">3</span>Israel hath cast off the thing that is good: the enemy shall pursue him. <span class="ver">4</span>They have set up kings, but not by me: they have made princes, and I knew it not: of their silver and their gold have they made them idols, that they may be cut off. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Thy calf, O Samaria, hath cast thee off; mine anger is kindled against them: how long will it be ere they attain to innocency? <span class="ver">6</span>For from Israel was iM
t also: the workman made it; therefore it is not God: but the calf of Samaria shall be broken in pieces. <span class="ver">7</span>For they have sown the wind, and they shall reap the whirlwind: it hath no stalk: the bud shall yield no meal: if so be it yield, the strangers shall swallow it up. <span class="ver">8</span>Israel is swallowed up: now shall they be among the Gentiles as a vessel wherein is no pleasure. <span class="ver">9</span>For they are gone up to Assyria, a wild ass alone by himself: Ephraim hath M
hired lovers. <span class="ver">10</span>Yea, though they have hired among the nations, now will I gather them, and they shall sorrow a little for the burden of the king of princes. <span class="ver">11</span>Because Ephraim hath made many altars to sin, altars shall be unto him to sin. <span class="ver">12</span>I have written to him the great things of my law, but they were counted as a strange thing. <span class="ver">13</span>They sacrifice flesh for the sacrifices of mine offerings, and eat it; but the LORD acM
cepteth them not; now will he remember their iniquity, and visit their sins: they shall return to Egypt. <span class="ver">14</span>For Israel hath forgotten his Maker, and buildeth temples; and Judah hath multiplied fenced cities: but I will send a fire upon his cities, and it shall devour the palaces thereof.
<h2 id="c9">Chapter 9</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Rejoice not, O Israel, for joy, as other people: for thou hast gone a whoring from thy God, thou hast loved a reward upon every cornfloor. <span M
class="ver">2</span>The floor and the winepress shall not feed them, and the new wine shall fail in her. <span class="ver">3</span>They shall not dwell in the LORD
s land; but Ephraim shall return to Egypt, and they shall eat unclean things in Assyria. <span class="ver">4</span>They shall not offer wine offerings to the LORD, neither shall they be pleasing unto him: their sacrifices shall be unto them as the bread of mourners; all that eat thereof shall be polluted: for their bread for their soul shall not come iM
nto the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">5</span>What will ye do in the solemn day, and in the day of the feast of the LORD? <span class="ver">6</span>For, lo, they are gone because of destruction: Egypt shall gather them up, Memphis shall bury them: the pleasant places for their silver, nettles shall possess them: thorns shall be in their tabernacles. <span class="ver">7</span>The days of visitation are come, the days of recompence are come; Israel shall know it: the prophet is a fool, the spiritual man is madM
, for the multitude of thine iniquity, and the great hatred. <span class="ver">8</span>The watchman of Ephraim was with my God: but the prophet is a snare of a fowler in all his ways, and hatred in the house of his God. <span class="ver">9</span>They have deeply corrupted themselves, as in the days of Gibeah: therefore he will remember their iniquity, he will visit their sins. <span class="ver">10</span>I found Israel like grapes in the wilderness; I saw your fathers as the firstripe in the fig tree at her first tiM
me: but they went to Baal-peor, and separated themselves unto that shame; and their abominations were according as they loved. <span class="ver">11</span>As for Ephraim, their glory shall fly away like a bird, from the birth, and from the womb, and from the conception. <span class="ver">12</span>Though they bring up their children, yet will I bereave them, that there shall not be a man left: yea, woe also to them when I depart from them! <span class="ver">13</span>Ephraim, as I saw Tyrus, is planted in a pleasant pM
lace: but Ephraim shall bring forth his children to the murderer. <span class="ver">14</span>Give them, O LORD: what wilt thou give? give them a miscarrying womb and dry breasts. <span class="ver">15</span>All their wickedness is in Gilgal: for there I hated them: for the wickedness of their doings I will drive them out of mine house, I will love them no more: all their princes are revolters. <span class="ver">16</span>Ephraim is smitten, their root is dried up, they shall bear no fruit: yea, though they bring fortM
h, yet will I slay even the beloved fruit of their womb. <span class="ver">17</span>My God will cast them away, because they did not hearken unto him: and they shall be wanderers among the nations.
<h2 id="c10">Chapter 10</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Israel is an empty vine, he bringeth forth fruit unto himself: according to the multitude of his fruit he hath increased the altars; according to the goodness of his land they have made goodly images. <span class="ver">2</span>Their heart is divided; now shaM
ll they be found faulty: he shall break down their altars, he shall spoil their images. <span class="ver">3</span>For now they shall say, We have no king, because we feared not the LORD; what then should a king do to us? <span class="ver">4</span>They have spoken words, swearing falsely in making a covenant: thus judgment springeth up as hemlock in the furrows of the field. <span class="ver">5</span>The inhabitants of Samaria shall fear because of the calves of Beth-aven: for the people thereof shall mourn over it,M
and the priests thereof that rejoiced on it, for the glory thereof, because it is departed from it. <span class="ver">6</span>It shall be also carried unto Assyria for a present to king Jareb: Ephraim shall receive shame, and Israel shall be ashamed of his own counsel. <span class="ver">7</span>As for Samaria, her king is cut off as the foam upon the water. <span class="ver">8</span>The high places also of Aven, the sin of Israel, shall be destroyed: the thorn and the thistle shall come up on their altars; and theM
y shall say to the mountains, Cover us; and to the hills, Fall on us. <span class="ver">9</span>O Israel, thou hast sinned from the days of Gibeah: there they stood: the battle in Gibeah against the children of iniquity did not overtake them. <span class="ver">10</span>It is in my desire that I should chastise them; and the people shall be gathered against them, when they shall bind themselves in their two furrows. <span class="ver">11</span>And Ephraim is as an heifer that is taught, and loveth to tread out the coM
rn; but I passed over upon her fair neck: I will make Ephraim to ride; Judah shall plow, and Jacob shall break his clods. <span class="ver">12</span>Sow to yourselves in righteousness, reap in mercy; break up your fallow ground: for it is time to seek the LORD, till he come and rain righteousness upon you. <span class="ver">13</span>Ye have plowed wickedness, ye have reaped iniquity; ye have eaten the fruit of lies: because thou didst trust in thy way, in the multitude of thy mighty men. <span class="ver">14</span>M
Therefore shall a tumult arise among thy people, and all thy fortresses shall be spoiled, as Shalman spoiled Beth-arbel in the day of battle: the mother was dashed in pieces upon her children. <span class="ver">15</span>So shall Beth-el do unto you because of your great wickedness: in a morning shall the king of Israel utterly be cut off.
<h2 id="c11">Chapter 11</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>When Israel was a child, then I loved him, and called my son out of Egypt. <span class="ver">2</span>As they calledM
them, so they went from them: they sacrificed unto Baalim, and burned incense to graven images. <span class="ver">3</span>I taught Ephraim also to go, taking them by their arms; but they knew not that I healed them. <span class="ver">4</span>I drew them with cords of a man, with bands of love: and I was to them as they that take off the yoke on their jaws, and I laid meat unto them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>He shall not return into the land of Egypt, but the Assyrian shall be his king, because they refuM
sed to return. <span class="ver">6</span>And the sword shall abide on his cities, and shall consume his branches, and devour them, because of their own counsels. <span class="ver">7</span>And my people are bent to backsliding from me: though they called them to the most High, none at all would exalt him. <span class="ver">8</span>How shall I give thee up, Ephraim? how shall I deliver thee, Israel? how shall I make thee as Admah? how shall I set thee as Zeboim? mine heart is turned within me, my repentings are kindlM
ed together. <span class="ver">9</span>I will not execute the fierceness of mine anger, I will not return to destroy Ephraim: for I am God, and not man; the Holy One in the midst of thee: and I will not enter into the city. <span class="ver">10</span>They shall walk after the LORD: he shall roar like a lion: when he shall roar, then the children shall tremble from the west. <span class="ver">11</span>They shall tremble as a bird out of Egypt, and as a dove out of the land of Assyria: and I will place them in their M
houses, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">12</span>Ephraim compasseth me about with lies, and the house of Israel with deceit: but Judah yet ruleth with God, and is faithful with the saints.
<h2 id="c12">Chapter 12</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Ephraim feedeth on wind, and followeth after the east wind: he daily increaseth lies and desolation; and they do make a covenant with the Assyrians, and oil is carried into Egypt. <span class="ver">2</span>The LORD hath also a controversy with Judah, and will punisM
h Jacob according to his ways; according to his doings will he recompense him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>He took his brother by the heel in the womb, and by his strength he had power with God: <span class="ver">4</span>Yea, he had power over the angel, and prevailed: he wept, and made supplication unto him: he found him in Beth-el, and there he spake with us; <span class="ver">5</span>Even the LORD God of hosts; the LORD is his memorial. <span class="ver">6</span>Therefore turn thou to thy God: keep mercyM
and judgment, and wait on thy God continually. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>He is a merchant, the balances of deceit are in his hand: he loveth to oppress. <span class="ver">8</span>And Ephraim said, Yet I am become rich, I have found me out substance: in all my labours they shall find none iniquity in me that were sin. <span class="ver">9</span>And I that am the LORD thy God from the land of Egypt will yet make thee to dwell in tabernacles, as in the days of the solemn feast. <span class="ver">10</span>I hM
ave also spoken by the prophets, and I have multiplied visions, and used similitudes, by the ministry of the prophets. <span class="ver">11</span>Is there iniquity in Gilead? surely they are vanity: they sacrifice bullocks in Gilgal; yea, their altars are as heaps in the furrows of the fields. <span class="ver">12</span>And Jacob fled into the country of Syria, and Israel served for a wife, and for a wife he kept sheep. <span class="ver">13</span>And by a prophet the LORD brought Israel out of Egypt, and by a prophM
et was he preserved. <span class="ver">14</span>Ephraim provoked him to anger most bitterly: therefore shall he leave his blood upon him, and his reproach shall his Lord return unto him.
<h2 id="c13">Chapter 13</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>When Ephraim spake trembling, he exalted himself in Israel; but when he offended in Baal, he died. <span class="ver">2</span>And now they sin more and more, and have made them molten images of their silver, and idols according to their own understanding, all of it the M
work of the craftsmen: they say of them, Let the men that sacrifice kiss the calves. <span class="ver">3</span>Therefore they shall be as the morning cloud, and as the early dew that passeth away, as the chaff that is driven with the whirlwind out of the floor, and as the smoke out of the chimney. <span class="ver">4</span>Yet I am the LORD thy God from the land of Egypt, and thou shalt know no god but me: for there is no saviour beside me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>I did know thee in the wilderness, in tM
he land of great drought. <span class="ver">6</span>According to their pasture, so were they filled; they were filled, and their heart was exalted; therefore have they forgotten me. <span class="ver">7</span>Therefore I will be unto them as a lion: as a leopard by the way will I observe them: <span class="ver">8</span>I will meet them as a bear that is bereaved of her whelps, and will rend the caul of their heart, and there will I devour them like a lion: the wild beast shall tear them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">M
9</span>O Israel, thou hast destroyed thyself; but in me is thine help. <span class="ver">10</span>I will be thy king: where is any other that may save thee in all thy cities? and thy judges of whom thou saidst, Give me a king and princes? <span class="ver">11</span>I gave thee a king in mine anger, and took him away in my wrath. <span class="ver">12</span>The iniquity of Ephraim is bound up; his sin is hid. <span class="ver">13</span>The sorrows of a travailing woman shall come upon him: he is an unwise son; for hM
e should not stay long in the place of the breaking forth of children. <span class="ver">14</span>I will ransom them from the power of the grave; I will redeem them from death: O death, I will be thy plagues; O grave, I will be thy destruction: repentance shall be hid from mine eyes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Though he be fruitful among his brethren, an east wind shall come, the wind of the LORD shall come up from the wilderness, and his spring shall become dry, and his fountain shall be dried up: he shaM
ll spoil the treasure of all pleasant vessels. <span class="ver">16</span>Samaria shall become desolate; for she hath rebelled against her God: they shall fall by the sword: their infants shall be dashed in pieces, and their women with child shall be ripped up.
<h2 id="c14">Chapter 14</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>O Israel, return unto the LORD thy God; for thou hast fallen by thine iniquity. <span class="ver">2</span>Take with you words, and turn to the LORD: say unto him, Take away all iniquity, and recM
eive us graciously: so will we render the calves of our lips. <span class="ver">3</span>Asshur shall not save us; we will not ride upon horses: neither will we say any more to the work of our hands, Ye are our gods: for in thee the fatherless findeth mercy. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>I will heal their backsliding, I will love them freely: for mine anger is turned away from him. <span class="ver">5</span>I will be as the dew unto Israel: he shall grow as the lily, and cast forth his roots as Lebanon. <span M
class="ver">6</span>His branches shall spread, and his beauty shall be as the olive tree, and his smell as Lebanon. <span class="ver">7</span>They that dwell under his shadow shall return; they shall revive as the corn, and grow as the vine: the scent thereof shall be as the wine of Lebanon. <span class="ver">8</span>Ephraim shall say, What have I to do any more with idols? I have heard him, and observed him: I am like a green fir tree. From me is thy fruit found. <span class="ver">9</span>Who is wise, and he shallM,
understand these things? prudent, and he shall know them? for the ways of the LORD are right, and the just shall walk in them: but the transgressors shall fall therein. </p>
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<title>BOOK OF JOSHUA</title>
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<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</aM
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="#c10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="#c11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="#c12">12</a></li>
<li><a href="#c13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="#c14">14</a></li>
<li><a href="#c15">15</a></li>
<li><a href="#c16">1M
<li><a href="#c17">17</a></li>
<li><a href="#c18">18</a></li>
<li><a href="#c19">19</a></li>
<li><a href="#c20">20</a></li>
<li><a href="#c21">21</a></li>
<li><a href="#c22">22</a></li>
<li><a href="#c23">23</a></li>
<li><a href="#c24">24</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now after the death of Moses the servant of the LORD it came to pass, that the LORD spake unto Joshua the son of Nun, Moses
ying, <span class="ver">2</span>Moses my servant is dead; now therefore arise, go over this Jordan, thou, and all this people, unto the land which I do give to them, even to the children of Israel. <span class="ver">3</span>Every place that the sole of your foot shall tread upon, that have I given unto you, as I said unto Moses. <span class="ver">4</span>From the wilderness and this Lebanon even unto the great river, the river Euphrates, all the land of the Hittites, and unto the great sea toward the going down of M
the sun, shall be your coast. <span class="ver">5</span>There shall not any man be able to stand before thee all the days of thy life: as I was with Moses, so I will be with thee: I will not fail thee, nor forsake thee. <span class="ver">6</span>Be strong and of a good courage: for unto this people shalt thou divide for an inheritance the land, which I sware unto their fathers to give them. <span class="ver">7</span>Only be thou strong and very courageous, that thou mayest observe to do according to all the law, whM
ich Moses my servant commanded thee: turn not from it to the right hand or to the left, that thou mayest prosper whithersoever thou goest. <span class="ver">8</span>This book of the law shall not depart out of thy mouth; but thou shalt meditate therein day and night, that thou mayest observe to do according to all that is written therein: for then thou shalt make thy way prosperous, and then thou shalt have good success. <span class="ver">9</span>Have not I commanded thee? Be strong and of a good courage; be not afM
raid, neither be thou dismayed: for the LORD thy God is with thee whithersoever thou goest. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Then Joshua commanded the officers of the people, saying, <span class="ver">11</span>Pass through the host, and command the people, saying, Prepare you victuals; for within three days ye shall pass over this Jordan, to go in to possess the land, which the LORD your God giveth you to possess it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And to the Reubenites, and to the Gadites, and to half theM
tribe of Manasseh, spake Joshua, saying, <span class="ver">13</span>Remember the word which Moses the servant of the LORD commanded you, saying, The LORD your God hath given you rest, and hath given you this land. <span class="ver">14</span>Your wives, your little ones, and your cattle, shall remain in the land which Moses gave you on this side Jordan; but ye shall pass before your brethren armed, all the mighty men of valour, and help them; <span class="ver">15</span>Until the LORD have given your brethren rest, M
as he hath given you, and they also have possessed the land which the LORD your God giveth them: then ye shall return unto the land of your possession, and enjoy it, which Moses the LORD
s servant gave you on this side Jordan toward the sunrising. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And they answered Joshua, saying, All that thou commandest us we will do, and whithersoever thou sendest us, we will go. <span class="ver">17</span>According as we hearkened unto Moses in all things, so will we hearken unto thee: onlM
y the LORD thy God be with thee, as he was with Moses. <span class="ver">18</span>Whosoever he be that doth rebel against thy commandment, and will not hearken unto thy words in all that thou commandest him, he shall be put to death: only be strong and of a good courage.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Joshua the son of Nun sent out of Shittim two men to spy secretly, saying, Go view the land, even Jericho. And they went, and came into an harlot
s house, named Rahab, and lodged tM
here. <span class="ver">2</span>And it was told the king of Jericho, saying, Behold, there came men in hither to night of the children of Israel to search out the country. <span class="ver">3</span>And the king of Jericho sent unto Rahab, saying, Bring forth the men that are come to thee, which are entered into thine house: for they be come to search out all the country. <span class="ver">4</span>And the woman took the two men, and hid them, and said thus, There came men unto me, but I wist not whence they were: <sM
pan class="ver">5</span>And it came to pass about the time of shutting of the gate, when it was dark, that the men went out: whither the men went I wot not: pursue after them quickly; for ye shall overtake them. <span class="ver">6</span>But she had brought them up to the roof of the house, and hid them with the stalks of flax, which she had laid in order upon the roof. <span class="ver">7</span>And the men pursued after them the way to Jordan unto the fords: and as soon as they which pursued after them were gone oM
ut, they shut the gate. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And before they were laid down, she came up unto them upon the roof; <span class="ver">9</span>And she said unto the men, I know that the LORD hath given you the land, and that your terror is fallen upon us, and that all the inhabitants of the land faint because of you. <span class="ver">10</span>For we have heard how the LORD dried up the water of the Red sea for you, when ye came out of Egypt; and what ye did unto the two kings of the Amorites, that wereM
on the other side Jordan, Sihon and Og, whom ye utterly destroyed. <span class="ver">11</span>And as soon as we had heard these things, our hearts did melt, neither did there remain any more courage in any man, because of you: for the LORD your God, he is God in heaven above, and in earth beneath. <span class="ver">12</span>Now therefore, I pray you, swear unto me by the LORD, since I have shewed you kindness, that ye will also shew kindness unto my father
s house, and give me a true token: <span class="ver">13<M
/span>And that ye will save alive my father, and my mother, and my brethren, and my sisters, and all that they have, and deliver our lives from death. <span class="ver">14</span>And the men answered her, Our life for yours, if ye utter not this our business. And it shall be, when the LORD hath given us the land, that we will deal kindly and truly with thee. <span class="ver">15</span>Then she let them down by a cord through the window: for her house was upon the town wall, and she dwelt upon the wall. <span class="M
ver">16</span>And she said unto them, Get you to the mountain, lest the pursuers meet you; and hide yourselves there three days, until the pursuers be returned: and afterward may ye go your way. <span class="ver">17</span>And the men said unto her, We will be blameless of this thine oath which thou hast made us swear. <span class="ver">18</span>Behold, when we come into the land, thou shalt bind this line of scarlet thread in the window which thou didst let us down by: and thou shalt bring thy father, and thy motheM
r, and thy brethren, and all thy father
s household, home unto thee. <span class="ver">19</span>And it shall be, that whosoever shall go out of the doors of thy house into the street, his blood shall be upon his head, and we will be guiltless: and whosoever shall be with thee in the house, his blood shall be on our head, if any hand be upon him. <span class="ver">20</span>And if thou utter this our business, then we will be quit of thine oath which thou hast made us to swear. <span class="ver">21</span>And she saM
id, According unto your words, so be it. And she sent them away, and they departed: and she bound the scarlet line in the window. <span class="ver">22</span>And they went, and came unto the mountain, and abode there three days, until the pursuers were returned: and the pursuers sought them throughout all the way, but found them not. </p>
<p><span class="ver">23</span>So the two men returned, and descended from the mountain, and passed over, and came to Joshua the son of Nun, and told him all things that befell thM
em: <span class="ver">24</span>And they said unto Joshua, Truly the LORD hath delivered into our hands all the land; for even all the inhabitants of the country do faint because of us.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Joshua rose early in the morning; and they removed from Shittim, and came to Jordan, he and all the children of Israel, and lodged there before they passed over. <span class="ver">2</span>And it came to pass after three days, that the officers went through the host; <sM
pan class="ver">3</span>And they commanded the people, saying, When ye see the ark of the covenant of the LORD your God, and the priests the Levites bearing it, then ye shall remove from your place, and go after it. <span class="ver">4</span>Yet there shall be a space between you and it, about two thousand cubits by measure: come not near unto it, that ye may know the way by which ye must go: for ye have not passed this way heretofore. <span class="ver">5</span>And Joshua said unto the people, Sanctify yourselves: M
for to morrow the LORD will do wonders among you. <span class="ver">6</span>And Joshua spake unto the priests, saying, Take up the ark of the covenant, and pass over before the people. And they took up the ark of the covenant, and went before the people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And the LORD said unto Joshua, This day will I begin to magnify thee in the sight of all Israel, that they may know that, as I was with Moses, so I will be with thee. <span class="ver">8</span>And thou shalt command the priests tM
hat bear the ark of the covenant, saying, When ye are come to the brink of the water of Jordan, ye shall stand still in Jordan. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And Joshua said unto the children of Israel, Come hither, and hear the words of the LORD your God. <span class="ver">10</span>And Joshua said, Hereby ye shall know that the living God is among you, and that he will without fail drive out from before you the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Hivites, and the Perizzites, and the Girgashites, and the AmM
orites, and the Jebusites. <span class="ver">11</span>Behold, the ark of the covenant of the Lord of all the earth passeth over before you into Jordan. <span class="ver">12</span>Now therefore take you twelve men out of the tribes of Israel, out of every tribe a man. <span class="ver">13</span>And it shall come to pass, as soon as the soles of the feet of the priests that bear the ark of the LORD, the Lord of all the earth, shall rest in the waters of Jordan, that the waters of Jordan shall be cut off from the wateM
rs that come down from above; and they shall stand upon an heap. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And it came to pass, when the people removed from their tents, to pass over Jordan, and the priests bearing the ark of the covenant before the people; <span class="ver">15</span>And as they that bare the ark were come unto Jordan, and the feet of the priests that bare the ark were dipped in the brim of the water, (for Jordan overfloweth all his banks all the time of harvest,) <span class="ver">16</span>That the watM
ers which came down from above stood and rose up upon an heap very far from the city Adam, that is beside Zaretan: and those that came down toward the sea of the plain, even the salt sea, failed, and were cut off: and the people passed over right against Jericho. <span class="ver">17</span>And the priests that bare the ark of the covenant of the LORD stood firm on dry ground in the midst of Jordan, and all the Israelites passed over on dry ground, until all the people were passed clean over Jordan.
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over Jordan, that the LORD spake unto Joshua, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Take you twelve men out of the people, out of every tribe a man, <span class="ver">3</span>And command ye them, saying, Take you hence out of the midst of Jordan, out of the place where the priests
feet stood firm, twelve stones, and ye shall carry them over with you, and leave them in the lodging place, where ye shall lodge this M
night. <span class="ver">4</span>Then Joshua called the twelve men, whom he had prepared of the children of Israel, out of every tribe a man: <span class="ver">5</span>And Joshua said unto them, Pass over before the ark of the LORD your God into the midst of Jordan, and take ye up every man of you a stone upon his shoulder, according unto the number of the tribes of the children of Israel: <span class="ver">6</span>That this may be a sign among you, that when your children ask their fathers in time to come, saying,M
What mean ye by these stones? <span class="ver">7</span>Then ye shall answer them, That the waters of Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of the LORD; when it passed over Jordan, the waters of Jordan were cut off: and these stones shall be for a memorial unto the children of Israel for ever. <span class="ver">8</span>And the children of Israel did so as Joshua commanded, and took up twelve stones out of the midst of Jordan, as the LORD spake unto Joshua, according to the number of the tribes of the M
children of Israel, and carried them over with them unto the place where they lodged, and laid them down there. <span class="ver">9</span>And Joshua set up twelve stones in the midst of Jordan, in the place where the feet of the priests which bare the ark of the covenant stood: and they are there unto this day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>For the priests which bare the ark stood in the midst of Jordan, until every thing was finished that the LORD commanded Joshua to speak unto the people, according to all M
that Moses commanded Joshua: and the people hasted and passed over. <span class="ver">11</span>And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over, that the ark of the LORD passed over, and the priests, in the presence of the people. <span class="ver">12</span>And the children of Reuben, and the children of Gad, and half the tribe of Manasseh, passed over armed before the children of Israel, as Moses spake unto them: <span class="ver">13</span>About forty thousand prepared for war passed over before theM
LORD unto battle, to the plains of Jericho. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>On that day the LORD magnified Joshua in the sight of all Israel; and they feared him, as they feared Moses, all the days of his life. <span class="ver">15</span>And the LORD spake unto Joshua, saying, <span class="ver">16</span>Command the priests that bear the ark of the testimony, that they come up out of Jordan. <span class="ver">17</span>Joshua therefore commanded the priests, saying, Come ye up out of Jordan. <span class="ver">1M
8</span>And it came to pass, when the priests that bare the ark of the covenant of the LORD were come up out of the midst of Jordan, and the soles of the priests
feet were lifted up unto the dry land, that the waters of Jordan returned unto their place, and flowed over all his banks, as they did before. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>And the people came up out of Jordan on the tenth day of the first month, and encamped in Gilgal, in the east border of Jericho. <span class="ver">20</span>And those twelve stM
ones, which they took out of Jordan, did Joshua pitch in Gilgal. <span class="ver">21</span>And he spake unto the children of Israel, saying, When your children shall ask their fathers in time to come, saying, What mean these stones? <span class="ver">22</span>Then ye shall let your children know, saying, Israel came over this Jordan on dry land. <span class="ver">23</span>For the LORD your God dried up the waters of Jordan from before you, until ye were passed over, as the LORD your God did to the Red sea, which hM
e dried up from before us, until we were gone over: <span class="ver">24</span>That all the people of the earth might know the hand of the LORD, that it is mighty: that ye might fear the LORD your God for ever.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass, when all the kings of the Amorites, which were on the side of Jordan westward, and all the kings of the Canaanites, which were by the sea, heard that the LORD had dried up the waters of Jordan from before the children of IsraeM
l, until we were passed over, that their heart melted, neither was there spirit in them any more, because of the children of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>At that time the LORD said unto Joshua, Make thee sharp knives, and circumcise again the children of Israel the second time. <span class="ver">3</span>And Joshua made him sharp knives, and circumcised the children of Israel at the hill of the foreskins. <span class="ver">4</span>And this is the cause why Joshua did circumcise: All the people that caM
me out of Egypt, that were males, even all the men of war, died in the wilderness by the way, after they came out of Egypt. <span class="ver">5</span>Now all the people that came out were circumcised: but all the people that were born in the wilderness by the way as they came forth out of Egypt, them they had not circumcised. <span class="ver">6</span>For the children of Israel walked forty years in the wilderness, till all the people that were men of war, which came out of Egypt, were consumed, because they obeyedM
not the voice of the LORD: unto whom the LORD sware that he would not shew them the land, which the LORD sware unto their fathers that he would give us, a land that floweth with milk and honey. <span class="ver">7</span>And their children, whom he raised up in their stead, them Joshua circumcised: for they were uncircumcised, because they had not circumcised them by the way. <span class="ver">8</span>And it came to pass, when they had done circumcising all the people, that they abode in their places in the camp, tM
ill they were whole. <span class="ver">9</span>And the LORD said unto Joshua, This day have I rolled away the reproach of Egypt from off you. Wherefore the name of the place is called Gilgal unto this day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And the children of Israel encamped in Gilgal, and kept the passover on the fourteenth day of the month at even in the plains of Jericho. <span class="ver">11</span>And they did eat of the old corn of the land on the morrow after the passover, unleavened cakes, and parched corM
n in the selfsame day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And the manna ceased on the morrow after they had eaten of the old corn of the land; neither had the children of Israel manna any more; but they did eat of the fruit of the land of Canaan that year. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And it came to pass, when Joshua was by Jericho, that he lifted up his eyes and looked, and, behold, there stood a man over against him with his sword drawn in his hand: and Joshua went unto him, and said unto him, Art thou M
for us, or for our adversaries? <span class="ver">14</span>And he said, Nay; but as captain of the host of the LORD am I now come. And Joshua fell on his face to the earth, and did worship, and said unto him, What saith my lord unto his servant? <span class="ver">15</span>And the captain of the LORD
s host said unto Joshua, Loose thy shoe from off thy foot; for the place whereon thou standest is holy. And Joshua did so.
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now Jericho was straitly shut upM
because of the children of Israel: none went out, and none came in. <span class="ver">2</span>And the LORD said unto Joshua, See, I have given into thine hand Jericho, and the king thereof, and the mighty men of valour. <span class="ver">3</span>And ye shall compass the city, all ye men of war, and go round about the city once. Thus shalt thou do six days. <span class="ver">4</span>And seven priests shall bear before the ark seven trumpets of rams
horns: and the seventh day ye shall compass the city seven timesM
, and the priests shall blow with the trumpets. <span class="ver">5</span>And it shall come to pass, that when they make a long blast with the ram
s horn, and when ye hear the sound of the trumpet, all the people shall shout with a great shout; and the wall of the city shall fall down flat, and the people shall ascend up every man straight before him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And Joshua the son of Nun called the priests, and said unto them, Take up the ark of the covenant, and let seven priests bear seM
ven trumpets of rams
horns before the ark of the LORD. <span class="ver">7</span>And he said unto the people, Pass on, and compass the city, and let him that is armed pass on before the ark of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And it came to pass, when Joshua had spoken unto the people, that the seven priests bearing the seven trumpets of rams
horns passed on before the LORD, and blew with the trumpets: and the ark of the covenant of the LORD followed them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And M
the armed men went before the priests that blew with the trumpets, and the rereward came after the ark, the priests going on, and blowing with the trumpets. <span class="ver">10</span>And Joshua had commanded the people, saying, Ye shall not shout, nor make any noise with your voice, neither shall any word proceed out of your mouth, until the day I bid you shout; then shall ye shout. <span class="ver">11</span>So the ark of the LORD compassed the city, going about it once: and they came into the camp, and lodged inM
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And Joshua rose early in the morning, and the priests took up the ark of the LORD. <span class="ver">13</span>And seven priests bearing seven trumpets of rams
horns before the ark of the LORD went on continually, and blew with the trumpets: and the armed men went before them; but the rereward came after the ark of the LORD, the priests going on, and blowing with the trumpets. <span class="ver">14</span>And the second day they compassed the city once, and returned iM
nto the camp: so they did six days. <span class="ver">15</span>And it came to pass on the seventh day, that they rose early about the dawning of the day, and compassed the city after the same manner seven times: only on that day they compassed the city seven times. <span class="ver">16</span>And it came to pass at the seventh time, when the priests blew with the trumpets, Joshua said unto the people, Shout; for the LORD hath given you the city. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And the city shall be accursed, evM
en it, and all that are therein, to the LORD: only Rahab the harlot shall live, she and all that are with her in the house, because she hid the messengers that we sent. <span class="ver">18</span>And ye, in any wise keep yourselves from the accursed thing, lest ye make yourselves accursed, when ye take of the accursed thing, and make the camp of Israel a curse, and trouble it. <span class="ver">19</span>But all the silver, and gold, and vessels of brass and iron, are consecrated unto the LORD: they shall come into M
the treasury of the LORD. <span class="ver">20</span>So the people shouted when the priests blew with the trumpets: and it came to pass, when the people heard the sound of the trumpet, and the people shouted with a great shout, that the wall fell down flat, so that the people went up into the city, every man straight before him, and they took the city. <span class="ver">21</span>And they utterly destroyed all that was in the city, both man and woman, young and old, and ox, and sheep, and ass, with the edge of the sM
word. <span class="ver">22</span>But Joshua had said unto the two men that had spied out the country, Go into the harlot
s house, and bring out thence the woman, and all that she hath, as ye sware unto her. <span class="ver">23</span>And the young men that were spies went in, and brought out Rahab, and her father, and her mother, and her brethren, and all that she had; and they brought out all her kindred, and left them without the camp of Israel. <span class="ver">24</span>And they burnt the city with fire, and M
all that was therein: only the silver, and the gold, and the vessels of brass and of iron, they put into the treasury of the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">25</span>And Joshua saved Rahab the harlot alive, and her father
s household, and all that she had; and she dwelleth in Israel even unto this day; because she hid the messengers, which Joshua sent to spy out Jericho. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>And Joshua adjured them at that time, saying, Cursed be the man before the LORD, that riseth up and buM
ildeth this city Jericho: he shall lay the foundation thereof in his firstborn, and in his youngest son shall he set up the gates of it. <span class="ver">27</span>So the LORD was with Joshua; and his fame was noised throughout all the country.
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>But the children of Israel committed a trespass in the accursed thing: for Achan, the son of Carmi, the son of Zabdi, the son of Zerah, of the tribe of Judah, took of the accursed thing: and the anger of the LORD M
was kindled against the children of Israel. <span class="ver">2</span>And Joshua sent men from Jericho to Ai, which is beside Beth-aven, on the east side of Beth-el, and spake unto them, saying, Go up and view the country. And the men went up and viewed Ai. <span class="ver">3</span>And they returned to Joshua, and said unto him, Let not all the people go up; but let about two or three thousand men go up and smite Ai; and make not all the people to labour thither; for they are but few. <span class="ver">4</span>So M
there went up thither of the people about three thousand men: and they fled before the men of Ai. <span class="ver">5</span>And the men of Ai smote of them about thirty and six men: for they chased them from before the gate even unto Shebarim, and smote them in the going down: wherefore the hearts of the people melted, and became as water. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And Joshua rent his clothes, and fell to the earth upon his face before the ark of the LORD until the eventide, he and the elders of Israel, aM
nd put dust upon their heads. <span class="ver">7</span>And Joshua said, Alas, O Lord GOD, wherefore hast thou at all brought this people over Jordan, to deliver us into the hand of the Amorites, to destroy us? would to God we had been content, and dwelt on the other side Jordan! <span class="ver">8</span>O Lord, what shall I say, when Israel turneth their backs before their enemies! <span class="ver">9</span>For the Canaanites and all the inhabitants of the land shall hear of it, and shall environ us round, and cuM
t off our name from the earth: and what wilt thou do unto thy great name? </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And the LORD said unto Joshua, Get thee up; wherefore liest thou thus upon thy face? <span class="ver">11</span>Israel hath sinned, and they have also transgressed my covenant which I commanded them: for they have even taken of the accursed thing, and have also stolen, and dissembled also, and they have put it even among their own stuff. <span class="ver">12</span>Therefore the children of Israel could notM
stand before their enemies, but turned their backs before their enemies, because they were accursed: neither will I be with you any more, except ye destroy the accursed from among you. <span class="ver">13</span>Up, sanctify the people, and say, Sanctify yourselves against to morrow: for thus saith the LORD God of Israel, There is an accursed thing in the midst of thee, O Israel: thou canst not stand before thine enemies, until ye take away the accursed thing from among you. <span class="ver">14</span>In the morniM
ng therefore ye shall be brought according to your tribes: and it shall be, that the tribe which the LORD taketh shall come according to the families thereof; and the family which the LORD shall take shall come by households; and the household which the LORD shall take shall come man by man. <span class="ver">15</span>And it shall be, that he that is taken with the accursed thing shall be burnt with fire, he and all that he hath: because he hath transgressed the covenant of the LORD, and because he hath wrought folM
<p><span class="ver">16</span>So Joshua rose up early in the morning, and brought Israel by their tribes; and the tribe of Judah was taken: <span class="ver">17</span>And he brought the family of Judah; and he took the family of the Zarhites: and he brought the family of the Zarhites man by man; and Zabdi was taken: <span class="ver">18</span>And he brought his household man by man; and Achan, the son of Carmi, the son of Zabdi, the son of Zerah, of the tribe of Judah, was taken. <span class="vM
er">19</span>And Joshua said unto Achan, My son, give, I pray thee, glory to the LORD God of Israel, and make confession unto him; and tell me now what thou hast done; hide it not from me. <span class="ver">20</span>And Achan answered Joshua, and said, Indeed I have sinned against the LORD God of Israel, and thus and thus have I done: <span class="ver">21</span>When I saw among the spoils a goodly Babylonish garment, and two hundred shekels of silver, and a wedge of gold of fifty shekels weight, then I coveted themM
, and took them; and, behold, they are hid in the earth in the midst of my tent, and the silver under it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>So Joshua sent messengers, and they ran unto the tent; and, behold, it was hid in his tent, and the silver under it. <span class="ver">23</span>And they took them out of the midst of the tent, and brought them unto Joshua, and unto all the children of Israel, and laid them out before the LORD. <span class="ver">24</span>And Joshua, and all Israel with him, took Achan the sonM
of Zerah, and the silver, and the garment, and the wedge of gold, and his sons, and his daughters, and his oxen, and his asses, and his sheep, and his tent, and all that he had: and they brought them unto the valley of Achor. <span class="ver">25</span>And Joshua said, Why hast thou troubled us? the LORD shall trouble thee this day. And all Israel stoned him with stones, and burned them with fire, after they had stoned them with stones. <span class="ver">26</span>And they raised over him a great heap of stones untM
o this day. So the LORD turned from the fierceness of his anger. Wherefore the name of that place was called, The valley of Achor, unto this day.
<h2 id="c8">Chapter 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the LORD said unto Joshua, Fear not, neither be thou dismayed: take all the people of war with thee, and arise, go up to Ai: see, I have given into thy hand the king of Ai, and his people, and his city, and his land: <span class="ver">2</span>And thou shalt do to Ai and her king as thou didst unto Jericho aM
nd her king: only the spoil thereof, and the cattle thereof, shall ye take for a prey unto yourselves: lay thee an ambush for the city behind it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>So Joshua arose, and all the people of war, to go up against Ai: and Joshua chose out thirty thousand mighty men of valour, and sent them away by night. <span class="ver">4</span>And he commanded them, saying, Behold, ye shall lie in wait against the city, even behind the city: go not very far from the city, but be ye all ready: <span cM
lass="ver">5</span>And I, and all the people that are with me, will approach unto the city: and it shall come to pass, when they come out against us, as at the first, that we will flee before them, <span class="ver">6</span>(For they will come out after us) till we have drawn them from the city; for they will say, They flee before us, as at the first: therefore we will flee before them. <span class="ver">7</span>Then ye shall rise up from the ambush, and seize upon the city: for the LORD your God will deliver it inM
to your hand. <span class="ver">8</span>And it shall be, when ye have taken the city, that ye shall set the city on fire: according to the commandment of the LORD shall ye do. See, I have commanded you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Joshua therefore sent them forth: and they went to lie in ambush, and abode between Beth-el and Ai, on the west side of Ai: but Joshua lodged that night among the people. <span class="ver">10</span>And Joshua rose up early in the morning, and numbered the people, and went up, he aM
nd the elders of Israel, before the people to Ai. <span class="ver">11</span>And all the people, even the people of war that were with him, went up, and drew nigh, and came before the city, and pitched on the north side of Ai: now there was a valley between them and Ai. <span class="ver">12</span>And he took about five thousand men, and set them to lie in ambush between Beth-el and Ai, on the west side of the city. <span class="ver">13</span>And when they had set the people, even all the host that was on the north M
of the city, and their liers in wait on the west of the city, Joshua went that night into the midst of the valley. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And it came to pass, when the king of Ai saw it, that they hasted and rose up early, and the men of the city went out against Israel to battle, he and all his people, at a time appointed, before the plain; but he wist not that there were liers in ambush against him behind the city. <span class="ver">15</span>And Joshua and all Israel made as if they were beaten befoM
re them, and fled by the way of the wilderness. <span class="ver">16</span>And all the people that were in Ai were called together to pursue after them: and they pursued after Joshua, and were drawn away from the city. <span class="ver">17</span>And there was not a man left in Ai or Beth-el, that went not out after Israel: and they left the city open, and pursued after Israel. <span class="ver">18</span>And the LORD said unto Joshua, Stretch out the spear that is in thy hand toward Ai; for I will give it into thineM
hand. And Joshua stretched out the spear that he had in his hand toward the city. <span class="ver">19</span>And the ambush arose quickly out of their place, and they ran as soon as he had stretched out his hand: and they entered into the city, and took it, and hasted and set the city on fire. <span class="ver">20</span>And when the men of Ai looked behind them, they saw, and, behold, the smoke of the city ascended up to heaven, and they had no power to flee this way or that way: and the people that fled to the wiM
lderness turned back upon the pursuers. <span class="ver">21</span>And when Joshua and all Israel saw that the ambush had taken the city, and that the smoke of the city ascended, then they turned again, and slew the men of Ai. <span class="ver">22</span>And the other issued out of the city against them; so they were in the midst of Israel, some on this side, and some on that side: and they smote them, so that they let none of them remain or escape. <span class="ver">23</span>And the king of Ai they took alive, and M
brought him to Joshua. <span class="ver">24</span>And it came to pass, when Israel had made an end of slaying all the inhabitants of Ai in the field, in the wilderness wherein they chased them, and when they were all fallen on the edge of the sword, until they were consumed, that all the Israelites returned unto Ai, and smote it with the edge of the sword. <span class="ver">25</span>And so it was, that all that fell that day, both of men and women, were twelve thousand, even all the men of Ai. <span class="ver">26<M
/span>For Joshua drew not his hand back, wherewith he stretched out the spear, until he had utterly destroyed all the inhabitants of Ai. <span class="ver">27</span>Only the cattle and the spoil of that city Israel took for a prey unto themselves, according unto the word of the LORD which he commanded Joshua. <span class="ver">28</span>And Joshua burnt Ai, and made it an heap for ever, even a desolation unto this day. <span class="ver">29</span>And the king of Ai he hanged on a tree until eventide: and as soon as thM
e sun was down, Joshua commanded that they should take his carcase down from the tree, and cast it at the entering of the gate of the city, and raise thereon a great heap of stones, that remaineth unto this day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>Then Joshua built an altar unto the LORD God of Israel in mount Ebal, <span class="ver">31</span>As Moses the servant of the LORD commanded the children of Israel, as it is written in the book of the law of Moses, an altar of whole stones, over which no man hath lift up M
any iron: and they offered thereon burnt offerings unto the LORD, and sacrificed peace offerings. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>And he wrote there upon the stones a copy of the law of Moses, which he wrote in the presence of the children of Israel. <span class="ver">33</span>And all Israel, and their elders, and officers, and their judges, stood on this side the ark and on that side before the priests the Levites, which bare the ark of the covenant of the LORD, as well the stranger, as he that was born amongM
them; half of them over against mount Gerizim, and half of them over against mount Ebal; as Moses the servant of the LORD had commanded before, that they should bless the people of Israel. <span class="ver">34</span>And afterward he read all the words of the law, the blessings and cursings, according to all that is written in the book of the law. <span class="ver">35</span>There was not a word of all that Moses commanded, which Joshua read not before all the congregation of Israel, with the women, and the little oM
nes, and the strangers that were conversant among them.
<h2 id="c9">Chapter 9</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass, when all the kings which were on this side Jordan, in the hills, and in the valleys, and in all the coasts of the great sea over against Lebanon, the Hittite, and the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, heard thereof; <span class="ver">2</span>That they gathered themselves together, to fight with Joshua and with Israel, with one accord. </p>
><span class="ver">3</span>And when the inhabitants of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done unto Jericho and to Ai, <span class="ver">4</span>They did work wilily, and went and made as if they had been ambassadors, and took old sacks upon their asses, and wine bottles, old, and rent, and bound up; <span class="ver">5</span>And old shoes and clouted upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread of their provision was dry and mouldy. <span class="ver">6</span>And they went to Joshua unto the camp at GilM
gal, and said unto him, and to the men of Israel, We be come from a far country: now therefore make ye a league with us. <span class="ver">7</span>And the men of Israel said unto the Hivites, Peradventure ye dwell among us; and how shall we make a league with you? <span class="ver">8</span>And they said unto Joshua, We are thy servants. And Joshua said unto them, Who are ye? and from whence come ye? <span class="ver">9</span>And they said unto him, From a very far country thy servants are come because of the name oM
f the LORD thy God: for we have heard the fame of him, and all that he did in Egypt, <span class="ver">10</span>And all that he did to the two kings of the Amorites, that were beyond Jordan, to Sihon king of Heshbon, and to Og king of Bashan, which was at Ashtaroth. <span class="ver">11</span>Wherefore our elders and all the inhabitants of our country spake to us, saying, Take victuals with you for the journey, and go to meet them, and say unto them, We are your servants: therefore now make ye a league with us. <spM
an class="ver">12</span>This our bread we took hot for our provision out of our houses on the day we came forth to go unto you; but now, behold, it is dry, and it is mouldy: <span class="ver">13</span>And these bottles of wine, which we filled, were new; and, behold, they be rent: and these our garments and our shoes are become old by reason of the very long journey. <span class="ver">14</span>And the men took of their victuals, and asked not counsel at the mouth of the LORD. <span class="ver">15</span>And Joshua mM
ade peace with them, and made a league with them, to let them live: and the princes of the congregation sware unto them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And it came to pass at the end of three days after they had made a league with them, that they heard that they were their neighbours, and that they dwelt among them. <span class="ver">17</span>And the children of Israel journeyed, and came unto their cities on the third day. Now their cities were Gibeon, and Chephirah, and Beeroth, and Kirjath-jearim. <span clM
ass="ver">18</span>And the children of Israel smote them not, because the princes of the congregation had sworn unto them by the LORD God of Israel. And all the congregation murmured against the princes. <span class="ver">19</span>But all the princes said unto all the congregation, We have sworn unto them by the LORD God of Israel: now therefore we may not touch them. <span class="ver">20</span>This we will do to them; we will even let them live, lest wrath be upon us, because of the oath which we sware unto them. M
<span class="ver">21</span>And the princes said unto them, Let them live; but let them be hewers of wood and drawers of water unto all the congregation; as the princes had promised them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>And Joshua called for them, and he spake unto them, saying, Wherefore have ye beguiled us, saying, We are very far from you; when ye dwell among us? <span class="ver">23</span>Now therefore ye are cursed, and there shall none of you be freed from being bondmen, and hewers of wood and drawers of M
water for the house of my God. <span class="ver">24</span>And they answered Joshua, and said, Because it was certainly told thy servants, how that the LORD thy God commanded his servant Moses to give you all the land, and to destroy all the inhabitants of the land from before you, therefore we were sore afraid of our lives because of you, and have done this thing. <span class="ver">25</span>And now, behold, we are in thine hand: as it seemeth good and right unto thee to do unto us, do. <span class="ver">26</span>AnM
d so did he unto them, and delivered them out of the hand of the children of Israel, that they slew them not. <span class="ver">27</span>And Joshua made them that day hewers of wood and drawers of water for the congregation, and for the altar of the LORD, even unto this day, in the place which he should choose.
<h2 id="c10">Chapter 10</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now it came to pass, when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem had heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to JeriM
cho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them; <span class="ver">2</span>That they feared greatly, because Gibeon was a great city, as one of the royal cities, and because it was greater than Ai, and all the men thereof were mighty. <span class="ver">3</span>Wherefore Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem sent unto Hoham king of Hebron, and unto Piram king of Jarmuth, and unto Japhia king of Lachish, and unto Debir king of Eglon, sayinM
g, <span class="ver">4</span>Come up unto me, and help me, that we may smite Gibeon: for it hath made peace with Joshua and with the children of Israel. <span class="ver">5</span>Therefore the five kings of the Amorites, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, the king of Eglon, gathered themselves together, and went up, they and all their hosts, and encamped before Gibeon, and made war against it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And the men of Gibeon sent unto JoshuM
a to the camp to Gilgal, saying, Slack not thy hand from thy servants; come up to us quickly, and save us, and help us: for all the kings of the Amorites that dwell in the mountains are gathered together against us. <span class="ver">7</span>So Joshua ascended from Gilgal, he, and all the people of war with him, and all the mighty men of valour. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And the LORD said unto Joshua, Fear them not: for I have delivered them into thine hand; there shall not a man of them stand before theeM
. <span class="ver">9</span>Joshua therefore came unto them suddenly, and went up from Gilgal all night. <span class="ver">10</span>And the LORD discomfited them before Israel, and slew them with a great slaughter at Gibeon, and chased them along the way that goeth up to Beth-horon, and smote them to Azekah, and unto Makkedah. <span class="ver">11</span>And it came to pass, as they fled from before Israel, and were in the going down to Beth-horon, that the LORD cast down great stones from heaven upon them unto AzekM
ah, and they died: they were more which died with hailstones than they whom the children of Israel slew with the sword. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Then spake Joshua to the LORD in the day when the LORD delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel, and he said in the sight of Israel, Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon; and thou, Moon, in the valley of Ajalon. <span class="ver">13</span>And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Is notM
this written in the book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day. <span class="ver">14</span>And there was no day like that before it or after it, that the LORD hearkened unto the voice of a man: for the LORD fought for Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, unto the camp to Gilgal. <span class="ver">16</span>But these five kings fled, and hid themselves in a cave at Makkedah. <span class="ver">17</spaM
n>And it was told Joshua, saying, The five kings are found hid in a cave at Makkedah. <span class="ver">18</span>And Joshua said, Roll great stones upon the mouth of the cave, and set men by it for to keep them: <span class="ver">19</span>And stay ye not, but pursue after your enemies, and smite the hindmost of them; suffer them not to enter into their cities: for the LORD your God hath delivered them into your hand. <span class="ver">20</span>And it came to pass, when Joshua and the children of Israel had made an M
end of slaying them with a very great slaughter, till they were consumed, that the rest which remained of them entered into fenced cities. <span class="ver">21</span>And all the people returned to the camp to Joshua at Makkedah in peace: none moved his tongue against any of the children of Israel. <span class="ver">22</span>Then said Joshua, Open the mouth of the cave, and bring out those five kings unto me out of the cave. <span class="ver">23</span>And they did so, and brought forth those five kings unto him out M
of the cave, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, and the king of Eglon. <span class="ver">24</span>And it came to pass, when they brought out those kings unto Joshua, that Joshua called for all the men of Israel, and said unto the captains of the men of war which went with him, Come near, put your feet upon the necks of these kings. And they came near, and put their feet upon the necks of them. <span class="ver">25</span>And Joshua said unto them, Fear not, nor be diM
smayed, be strong and of good courage: for thus shall the LORD do to all your enemies against whom ye fight. <span class="ver">26</span>And afterward Joshua smote them, and slew them, and hanged them on five trees: and they were hanging upon the trees until the evening. <span class="ver">27</span>And it came to pass at the time of the going down of the sun, that Joshua commanded, and they took them down off the trees, and cast them into the cave wherein they had been hid, and laid great stones in the cave
, which remain until this very day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">28</span>And that day Joshua took Makkedah, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and the king thereof he utterly destroyed, them, and all the souls that were therein; he let none remain: and he did to the king of Makkedah as he did unto the king of Jericho. <span class="ver">29</span>Then Joshua passed from Makkedah, and all Israel with him, unto Libnah, and fought against Libnah: <span class="ver">30</span>And the LORD delivered it also, and the kM
ing thereof, into the hand of Israel; and he smote it with the edge of the sword, and all the souls that were therein; he let none remain in it; but did unto the king thereof as he did unto the king of Jericho. </p>
<p><span class="ver">31</span>And Joshua passed from Libnah, and all Israel with him, unto Lachish, and encamped against it, and fought against it: <span class="ver">32</span>And the LORD delivered Lachish into the hand of Israel, which took it on the second day, and smote it with the edge of the sworM
d, and all the souls that were therein, according to all that he had done to Libnah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">33</span>Then Horam king of Gezer came up to help Lachish; and Joshua smote him and his people, until he had left him none remaining. </p>
<p><span class="ver">34</span>And from Lachish Joshua passed unto Eglon, and all Israel with him; and they encamped against it, and fought against it: <span class="ver">35</span>And they took it on that day, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and all the soulsM
that were therein he utterly destroyed that day, according to all that he had done to Lachish. <span class="ver">36</span>And Joshua went up from Eglon, and all Israel with him, unto Hebron; and they fought against it: <span class="ver">37</span>And they took it, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and the king thereof, and all the cities thereof, and all the souls that were therein; he left none remaining, according to all that he had done to Eglon; but destroyed it utterly, and all the souls that were thereM
<p><span class="ver">38</span>And Joshua returned, and all Israel with him, to Debir; and fought against it: <span class="ver">39</span>And he took it, and the king thereof, and all the cities thereof; and they smote them with the edge of the sword, and utterly destroyed all the souls that were therein; he left none remaining: as he had done to Hebron, so he did to Debir, and to the king thereof; as he had done also to Libnah, and to her king. </p>
<p><span class="ver">40</span>So Joshua smote all the M
country of the hills, and of the south, and of the vale, and of the springs, and all their kings: he left none remaining, but utterly destroyed all that breathed, as the LORD God of Israel commanded. <span class="ver">41</span>And Joshua smote them from Kadesh-barnea even unto Gaza, and all the country of Goshen, even unto Gibeon. <span class="ver">42</span>And all these kings and their land did Joshua take at one time, because the LORD God of Israel fought for Israel. <span class="ver">43</span>And Joshua returnedM
, and all Israel with him, unto the camp to Gilgal.
<h2 id="c11">Chapter 11</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass, when Jabin king of Hazor had heard those things, that he sent to Jobab king of Madon, and to the king of Shimron, and to the king of Achshaph, <span class="ver">2</span>And to the kings that were on the north of the mountains, and of the plains south of Chinneroth, and in the valley, and in the borders of Dor on the west, <span class="ver">3</span>And to the Canaanite on the east M
and on the west, and to the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Jebusite in the mountains, and to the Hivite under Hermon in the land of Mizpeh. <span class="ver">4</span>And they went out, they and all their hosts with them, much people, even as the sand that is upon the sea shore in multitude, with horses and chariots very many. <span class="ver">5</span>And when all these kings were met together, they came and pitched together at the waters of Merom, to fight against Israel. </p>
s="ver">6</span>And the LORD said unto Joshua, Be not afraid because of them: for to morrow about this time will I deliver them up all slain before Israel: thou shalt hough their horses, and burn their chariots with fire. <span class="ver">7</span>So Joshua came, and all the people of war with him, against them by the waters of Merom suddenly; and they fell upon them. <span class="ver">8</span>And the LORD delivered them into the hand of Israel, who smote them, and chased them unto great Zidon, and unto Misrephoth-M
maim, and unto the valley of Mizpeh eastward; and they smote them, until they left them none remaining. <span class="ver">9</span>And Joshua did unto them as the LORD bade him: he houghed their horses, and burnt their chariots with fire. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And Joshua at that time turned back, and took Hazor, and smote the king thereof with the sword: for Hazor beforetime was the head of all those kingdoms. <span class="ver">11</span>And they smote all the souls that were therein with the edge of tM
he sword, utterly destroying them: there was not any left to breathe: and he burnt Hazor with fire. <span class="ver">12</span>And all the cities of those kings, and all the kings of them, did Joshua take, and smote them with the edge of the sword, and he utterly destroyed them, as Moses the servant of the LORD commanded. <span class="ver">13</span>But as for the cities that stood still in their strength, Israel burned none of them, save Hazor only; that did Joshua burn. <span class="ver">14</span>And all the spoilM
of these cities, and the cattle, the children of Israel took for a prey unto themselves; but every man they smote with the edge of the sword, until they had destroyed them, neither left they any to breathe. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>As the LORD commanded Moses his servant, so did Moses command Joshua, and so did Joshua; he left nothing undone of all that the LORD commanded Moses. <span class="ver">16</span>So Joshua took all that land, the hills, and all the south country, and all the land of Goshen, anM
d the valley, and the plain, and the mountain of Israel, and the valley of the same; <span class="ver">17</span>Even from the mount Halak, that goeth up to Seir, even unto Baal-gad in the valley of Lebanon under mount Hermon: and all their kings he took, and smote them, and slew them. <span class="ver">18</span>Joshua made war a long time with all those kings. <span class="ver">19</span>There was not a city that made peace with the children of Israel, save the Hivites the inhabitants of Gibeon: all other they took M
in battle. <span class="ver">20</span>For it was of the LORD to harden their hearts, that they should come against Israel in battle, that he might destroy them utterly, and that they might have no favour, but that he might destroy them, as the LORD commanded Moses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>And at that time came Joshua, and cut off the Anakims from the mountains, from Hebron, from Debir, from Anab, and from all the mountains of Judah, and from all the mountains of Israel: Joshua destroyed them utterly wiM
th their cities. <span class="ver">22</span>There was none of the Anakims left in the land of the children of Israel: only in Gaza, in Gath, and in Ashdod, there remained. <span class="ver">23</span>So Joshua took the whole land, according to all that the LORD said unto Moses; and Joshua gave it for an inheritance unto Israel according to their divisions by their tribes. And the land rested from war.
<h2 id="c12">Chapter 12</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now these are the kings of the land, which the childM
ren of Israel smote, and possessed their land on the other side Jordan toward the rising of the sun, from the river Arnon unto mount Hermon, and all the plain on the east: <span class="ver">2</span>Sihon king of the Amorites, who dwelt in Heshbon, and ruled from Aroer, which is upon the bank of the river Arnon, and from the middle of the river, and from half Gilead, even unto the river Jabbok, which is the border of the children of Ammon; <span class="ver">3</span>And from the plain to the sea of Chinneroth on the M
east, and unto the sea of the plain, even the salt sea on the east, the way to Beth-jeshimoth; and from the south, under Ashdoth-pisgah: </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And the coast of Og king of Bashan, which was of the remnant of the giants, that dwelt at Ashtaroth and at Edrei, <span class="ver">5</span>And reigned in mount Hermon, and in Salcah, and in all Bashan, unto the border of the Geshurites and the Maachathites, and half Gilead, the border of Sihon king of Heshbon. <span class="ver">6</span>Them didM
Moses the servant of the LORD and the children of Israel smite: and Moses the servant of the LORD gave it for a possession unto the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And these are the kings of the country which Joshua and the children of Israel smote on this side Jordan on the west, from Baal-gad in the valley of Lebanon even unto the mount Halak, that goeth up to Seir; which Joshua gave unto the tribes of Israel for a possession according to their divM
isions; <span class="ver">8</span>In the mountains, and in the valleys, and in the plains, and in the springs, and in the wilderness, and in the south country; the Hittites, the Amorites, and the Canaanites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites: </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>The king of Jericho, one; the king of Ai, which is beside Beth-el, one; <span class="ver">10</span>The king of Jerusalem, one; the king of Hebron, one; <span class="ver">11</span>The king of Jarmuth, one; the king of Lachish, onM
e; <span class="ver">12</span>The king of Eglon, one; the king of Gezer, one; <span class="ver">13</span>The king of Debir, one; the king of Geder, one; <span class="ver">14</span>The king of Hormah, one; the king of Arad, one; <span class="ver">15</span>The king of Libnah, one; the king of Adullam, one; <span class="ver">16</span>The king of Makkedah, one; the king of Beth-el, one; <span class="ver">17</span>The king of Tappuah, one; the king of Hepher, one; <span class="ver">18</span>The king of Aphek, one; the kM
ing of Lasharon, one; <span class="ver">19</span>The king of Madon, one; the king of Hazor, one; <span class="ver">20</span>The king of Shimron-meron, one; the king of Achshaph, one; <span class="ver">21</span>The king of Taanach, one; the king of Megiddo, one; <span class="ver">22</span>The king of Kedesh, one; the king of Jokneam of Carmel, one; <span class="ver">23</span>The king of Dor in the coast of Dor, one; the king of the nations of Gilgal, one; <span class="ver">24</span>The king of Tirzah, one: all the kM
ings thirty and one.
<h2 id="c13">Chapter 13</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now Joshua was old and stricken in years; and the LORD said unto him, Thou art old and stricken in years, and there remaineth yet very much land to be possessed. <span class="ver">2</span>This is the land that yet remaineth: all the borders of the Philistines, and all Geshuri, <span class="ver">3</span>From Sihor, which is before Egypt, even unto the borders of Ekron northward, which is counted to the Canaanite: five lords of the PM
hilistines; the Gazathites, and the Ashdothites, the Eshkalonites, the Gittites, and the Ekronites; also the Avites: <span class="ver">4</span>From the south, all the land of the Canaanites, and Mearah that is beside the Sidonians, unto Aphek, to the borders of the Amorites: <span class="ver">5</span>And the land of the Giblites, and all Lebanon, toward the sunrising, from Baal-gad under mount Hermon unto the entering into Hamath. <span class="ver">6</span>All the inhabitants of the hill country from Lebanon unto MM
isrephoth-maim, and all the Sidonians, them will I drive out from before the children of Israel: only divide thou it by lot unto the Israelites for an inheritance, as I have commanded thee. <span class="ver">7</span>Now therefore divide this land for an inheritance unto the nine tribes, and the half tribe of Manasseh, <span class="ver">8</span>With whom the Reubenites and the Gadites have received their inheritance, which Moses gave them, beyond Jordan eastward, even as Moses the servant of the LORD gave them; <spaM
n class="ver">9</span>From Aroer, that is upon the bank of the river Arnon, and the city that is in the midst of the river, and all the plain of Medeba unto Dibon; <span class="ver">10</span>And all the cities of Sihon king of the Amorites, which reigned in Heshbon, unto the border of the children of Ammon; <span class="ver">11</span>And Gilead, and the border of the Geshurites and Maachathites, and all mount Hermon, and all Bashan unto Salcah; <span class="ver">12</span>All the kingdom of Og in Bashan, which reignM
ed in Ashtaroth and in Edrei, who remained of the remnant of the giants: for these did Moses smite, and cast them out. <span class="ver">13</span>Nevertheless the children of Israel expelled not the Geshurites, nor the Maachathites: but the Geshurites and the Maachathites dwell among the Israelites until this day. <span class="ver">14</span>Only unto the tribe of Levi he gave none inheritance; the sacrifices of the LORD God of Israel made by fire are their inheritance, as he said unto them. </p>
<p><span class="vM
er">15</span>And Moses gave unto the tribe of the children of Reuben inheritance according to their families. <span class="ver">16</span>And their coast was from Aroer, that is on the bank of the river Arnon, and the city that is in the midst of the river, and all the plain by Medeba; <span class="ver">17</span>Heshbon, and all her cities that are in the plain; Dibon, and Bamoth-baal, and Beth-baal-meon, <span class="ver">18</span>And Jahazah, and Kedemoth, and Mephaath, <span class="ver">19</span>And Kirjathaim, aM
nd Sibmah, and Zareth-shahar in the mount of the valley, <span class="ver">20</span>And Beth-peor, and Ashdoth-pisgah, and Beth-jeshimoth, <span class="ver">21</span>And all the cities of the plain, and all the kingdom of Sihon king of the Amorites, which reigned in Heshbon, whom Moses smote with the princes of Midian, Evi, and Rekem, and Zur, and Hur, and Reba, which were dukes of Sihon, dwelling in the country. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>Balaam also the son of Beor, the soothsayer, did the children of IM
srael slay with the sword among them that were slain by them. <span class="ver">23</span>And the border of the children of Reuben was Jordan, and the border thereof. This was the inheritance of the children of Reuben after their families, the cities and the villages thereof. <span class="ver">24</span>And Moses gave inheritance unto the tribe of Gad, even unto the children of Gad according to their families. <span class="ver">25</span>And their coast was Jazer, and all the cities of Gilead, and half the land of theM
children of Ammon, unto Aroer that is before Rabbah; <span class="ver">26</span>And from Heshbon unto Ramath-mizpeh, and Betonim; and from Mahanaim unto the border of Debir; <span class="ver">27</span>And in the valley, Beth-aram, and Beth-nimrah, and Succoth, and Zaphon, the rest of the kingdom of Sihon king of Heshbon, Jordan and his border, even unto the edge of the sea of Chinnereth on the other side Jordan eastward. <span class="ver">28</span>This is the inheritance of the children of Gad after their familiesM
, the cities, and their villages. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>And Moses gave inheritance unto the half tribe of Manasseh: and this was the possession of the half tribe of the children of Manasseh by their families. <span class="ver">30</span>And their coast was from Mahanaim, all Bashan, all the kingdom of Og king of Bashan, and all the towns of Jair, which are in Bashan, threescore cities: <span class="ver">31</span>And half Gilead, and Ashtaroth, and Edrei, cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan, were perM
taining unto the children of Machir the son of Manasseh, even to the one half of the children of Machir by their families. <span class="ver">32</span>These are the countries which Moses did distribute for inheritance in the plains of Moab, on the other side Jordan, by Jericho, eastward. <span class="ver">33</span>But unto the tribe of Levi Moses gave not any inheritance: the LORD God of Israel was their inheritance, as he said unto them.
<h2 id="c14">Chapter 14</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And these are M
the countries which the children of Israel inherited in the land of Canaan, which Eleazar the priest, and Joshua the son of Nun, and the heads of the fathers of the tribes of the children of Israel, distributed for inheritance to them. <span class="ver">2</span>By lot was their inheritance, as the LORD commanded by the hand of Moses, for the nine tribes, and for the half tribe. <span class="ver">3</span>For Moses had given the inheritance of two tribes and an half tribe on the other side Jordan: but unto the LeviteM
s he gave none inheritance among them. <span class="ver">4</span>For the children of Joseph were two tribes, Manasseh and Ephraim: therefore they gave no part unto the Levites in the land, save cities to dwell in, with their suburbs for their cattle and for their substance. <span class="ver">5</span>As the LORD commanded Moses, so the children of Israel did, and they divided the land. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Then the children of Judah came unto Joshua in Gilgal: and Caleb the son of Jephunneh the KeneziM
te said unto him, Thou knowest the thing that the LORD said unto Moses the man of God concerning me and thee in Kadesh-barnea. <span class="ver">7</span>Forty years old was I when Moses the servant of the LORD sent me from Kadesh-barnea to espy out the land; and I brought him word again as it was in mine heart. <span class="ver">8</span>Nevertheless my brethren that went up with me made the heart of the people melt: but I wholly followed the LORD my God. <span class="ver">9</span>And Moses sware on that day, sayingM
, Surely the land whereon thy feet have trodden shall be thine inheritance, and thy children
s for ever, because thou hast wholly followed the LORD my God. <span class="ver">10</span>And now, behold, the LORD hath kept me alive, as he said, these forty and five years, even since the LORD spake this word unto Moses, while the children of Israel wandered in the wilderness: and now, lo, I am this day fourscore and five years old. <span class="ver">11</span>As yet I am as strong this day as I was in the day that MoseM
s sent me: as my strength was then, even so is my strength now, for war, both to go out, and to come in. <span class="ver">12</span>Now therefore give me this mountain, whereof the LORD spake in that day; for thou heardest in that day how the Anakims were there, and that the cities were great and fenced: if so be the LORD will be with me, then I shall be able to drive them out, as the LORD said. <span class="ver">13</span>And Joshua blessed him, and gave unto Caleb the son of Jephunneh Hebron for an inheritance. <sM
pan class="ver">14</span>Hebron therefore became the inheritance of Caleb the son of Jephunneh the Kenezite unto this day, because that he wholly followed the LORD God of Israel. <span class="ver">15</span>And the name of Hebron before was Kirjath-arba; which Arba was a great man among the Anakims. And the land had rest from war.
<h2 id="c15">Chapter 15</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>This then was the lot of the tribe of the children of Judah by their families; even to the border of Edom the wilderness of M
Zin southward was the uttermost part of the south coast. <span class="ver">2</span>And their south border was from the shore of the salt sea, from the bay that looketh southward: <span class="ver">3</span>And it went out to the south side to Maaleh-acrabbim, and passed along to Zin, and ascended up on the south side unto Kadesh-barnea, and passed along to Hezron, and went up to Adar, and fetched a compass to Karkaa: <span class="ver">4</span>From thence it passed toward Azmon, and went out unto the river of Egypt; M
and the goings out of that coast were at the sea: this shall be your south coast. <span class="ver">5</span>And the east border was the salt sea, even unto the end of Jordan. And their border in the north quarter was from the bay of the sea at the uttermost part of Jordan: <span class="ver">6</span>And the border went up to Beth-hogla, and passed along by the north of Beth-arabah; and the border went up to the stone of Bohan the son of Reuben: <span class="ver">7</span>And the border went up toward Debir from the vM
alley of Achor, and so northward, looking toward Gilgal, that is before the going up to Adummim, which is on the south side of the river: and the border passed toward the waters of En-shemesh, and the goings out thereof were at En-rogel: <span class="ver">8</span>And the border went up by the valley of the son of Hinnom unto the south side of the Jebusite; the same is Jerusalem: and the border went up to the top of the mountain that lieth before the valley of Hinnom westward, which is at the end of the valley of thM
e giants northward: <span class="ver">9</span>And the border was drawn from the top of the hill unto the fountain of the water of Nephtoah, and went out to the cities of mount Ephron; and the border was drawn to Baalah, which is Kirjath-jearim: <span class="ver">10</span>And the border compassed from Baalah westward unto mount Seir, and passed along unto the side of mount Jearim, which is Chesalon, on the north side, and went down to Beth-shemesh, and passed on to Timnah: <span class="ver">11</span>And the border wM
ent out unto the side of Ekron northward: and the border was drawn to Shicron, and passed along to mount Baalah, and went out unto Jabneel; and the goings out of the border were at the sea. <span class="ver">12</span>And the west border was to the great sea, and the coast thereof. This is the coast of the children of Judah round about according to their families. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>And unto Caleb the son of Jephunneh he gave a part among the children of Judah, according to the commandment of the LM
ORD to Joshua, even the city of Arba the father of Anak, which city is Hebron. <span class="ver">14</span>And Caleb drove thence the three sons of Anak, Sheshai, and Ahiman, and Talmai, the children of Anak. <span class="ver">15</span>And he went up thence to the inhabitants of Debir: and the name of Debir before was Kirjath-sepher. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>And Caleb said, He that smiteth Kirjath-sepher, and taketh it, to him will I give Achsah my daughter to wife. <span class="ver">17</span>And OthnielM
the son of Kenaz, the brother of Caleb, took it: and he gave him Achsah his daughter to wife. <span class="ver">18</span>And it came to pass, as she came unto him, that she moved him to ask of her father a field: and she lighted off her ass; and Caleb said unto her, What wouldest thou? <span class="ver">19</span>Who answered, Give me a blessing; for thou hast given me a south land; give me also springs of water. And he gave her the upper springs, and the nether springs. <span class="ver">20</span>This is the inherM
itance of the tribe of the children of Judah according to their families. <span class="ver">21</span>And the uttermost cities of the tribe of the children of Judah toward the coast of Edom southward were Kabzeel, and Eder, and Jagur, <span class="ver">22</span>And Kinah, and Dimonah, and Adadah, <span class="ver">23</span>And Kedesh, and Hazor, and Ithnan, <span class="ver">24</span>Ziph, and Telem, and Bealoth, <span class="ver">25</span>And Hazor, Hadattah, and Kerioth, and Hezron, which is Hazor, <span class="veM
r">26</span>Amam, and Shema, and Moladah, <span class="ver">27</span>And Hazar-gaddah, and Heshmon, and Beth-palet, <span class="ver">28</span>And Hazar-shual, and Beer-sheba, and Bizjothjah, <span class="ver">29</span>Baalah, and Iim, and Azem, <span class="ver">30</span>And Eltolad, and Chesil, and Hormah, <span class="ver">31</span>And Ziklag, and Madmannah, and Sansannah, <span class="ver">32</span>And Lebaoth, and Shilhim, and Ain, and Rimmon: all the cities are twenty and nine, with their villages: <span clasM
s="ver">33</span>And in the valley, Eshtaol, and Zoreah, and Ashnah, <span class="ver">34</span>And Zanoah, and En-gannim, Tappuah, and Enam, <span class="ver">35</span>Jarmuth, and Adullam, Socoh, and Azekah, <span class="ver">36</span>And Sharaim, and Adithaim, and Gederah, and Gederothaim; fourteen cities with their villages: <span class="ver">37</span>Zenan, and Hadashah, and Migdal-gad, <span class="ver">38</span>And Dilean, and Mizpeh, and Joktheel, <span class="ver">39</span>Lachish, and Bozkath, and Eglon, M
<span class="ver">40</span>And Cabbon, and Lahmam, and Kithlish, <span class="ver">41</span>And Gederoth, Beth-dagon, and Naamah, and Makkedah; sixteen cities with their villages: <span class="ver">42</span>Libnah, and Ether, and Ashan, <span class="ver">43</span>And Jiphtah, and Ashnah, and Nezib, <span class="ver">44</span>And Keilah, and Achzib, and Mareshah; nine cities with their villages: <span class="ver">45</span>Ekron, with her towns and her villages: <span class="ver">46</span>From Ekron even unto the seaM
, all that lay near Ashdod, with their villages: <span class="ver">47</span>Ashdod with her towns and her villages, Gaza with her towns and her villages, unto the river of Egypt, and the great sea, and the border thereof: </p>
<p><span class="ver">48</span>And in the mountains, Shamir, and Jattir, and Socoh, <span class="ver">49</span>And Dannah, and Kirjath-sannah, which is Debir, <span class="ver">50</span>And Anab, and Eshtemoh, and Anim, <span class="ver">51</span>And Goshen, and Holon, and Giloh; eleven citiM
es with their villages: <span class="ver">52</span>Arab, and Dumah, and Eshean, <span class="ver">53</span>And Janum, and Beth-tappuah, and Aphekah, <span class="ver">54</span>And Humtah, and Kirjath-arba, which is Hebron, and Zior; nine cities with their villages: <span class="ver">55</span>Maon, Carmel, and Ziph, and Juttah, <span class="ver">56</span>And Jezreel, and Jokdeam, and Zanoah, <span class="ver">57</span>Cain, Gibeah, and Timnah; ten cities with their villages: <span class="ver">58</span>Halhul, Beth-zM
ur, and Gedor, <span class="ver">59</span>And Maarath, and Beth-anoth, and Eltekon; six cities with their villages: <span class="ver">60</span>Kirjath-baal, which is Kirjath-jearim, and Rabbah; two cities with their villages: <span class="ver">61</span>In the wilderness, Beth-arabah, Middin, and Secacah, <span class="ver">62</span>And Nibshan, and the city of Salt, and En-gedi; six cities with their villages. </p>
<p><span class="ver">63</span>As for the Jebusites the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the children of JudM
ah could not drive them out: but the Jebusites dwell with the children of Judah at Jerusalem unto this day.
<h2 id="c16">Chapter 16</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the lot of the children of Joseph fell from Jordan by Jericho, unto the water of Jericho on the east, to the wilderness that goeth up from Jericho throughout mount Beth-el, <span class="ver">2</span>And goeth out from Beth-el to Luz, and passeth along unto the borders of Archi to Ataroth, <span class="ver">3</span>And goeth down westward to tM
he coast of Japhleti, unto the coast of Beth-horon the nether, and to Gezer: and the goings out thereof are at the sea. <span class="ver">4</span>So the children of Joseph, Manasseh and Ephraim, took their inheritance. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And the border of the children of Ephraim according to their families was thus: even the border of their inheritance on the east side was Ataroth-addar, unto Beth-horon the upper; <span class="ver">6</span>And the border went out toward the sea to Michmethah on theM
north side; and the border went about eastward unto Taanath-shiloh, and passed by it on the east to Janohah; <span class="ver">7</span>And it went down from Janohah to Ataroth, and to Naarath, and came to Jericho, and went out at Jordan. <span class="ver">8</span>The border went out from Tappuah westward unto the river Kanah; and the goings out thereof were at the sea. This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Ephraim by their families. <span class="ver">9</span>And the separate cities for the childrM
en of Ephraim were among the inheritance of the children of Manasseh, all the cities with their villages. <span class="ver">10</span>And they drave not out the Canaanites that dwelt in Gezer: but the Canaanites dwell among the Ephraimites unto this day, and serve under tribute.
<h2 id="c17">Chapter 17</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>There was also a lot for the tribe of Manasseh; for he was the firstborn of Joseph; to wit, for Machir the firstborn of Manasseh, the father of Gilead: because he was a man of wM
ar, therefore he had Gilead and Bashan. <span class="ver">2</span>There was also a lot for the rest of the children of Manasseh by their families; for the children of Abiezer, and for the children of Helek, and for the children of Asriel, and for the children of Shechem, and for the children of Hepher, and for the children of Shemida: these were the male children of Manasseh the son of Joseph by their families. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>But Zelophehad, the son of Hepher, the son of Gilead, the son of MachM
ir, the son of Manasseh, had no sons, but daughters: and these are the names of his daughters, Mahlah, and Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah. <span class="ver">4</span>And they came near before Eleazar the priest, and before Joshua the son of Nun, and before the princes, saying, The LORD commanded Moses to give us an inheritance among our brethren. Therefore according to the commandment of the LORD he gave them an inheritance among the brethren of their father. <span class="ver">5</span>And there fell ten portions tM
o Manasseh, beside the land of Gilead and Bashan, which were on the other side Jordan; <span class="ver">6</span>Because the daughters of Manasseh had an inheritance among his sons: and the rest of Manasseh
s sons had the land of Gilead. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And the coast of Manasseh was from Asher to Michmethah, that lieth before Shechem; and the border went along on the right hand unto the inhabitants of En-tappuah. <span class="ver">8</span>Now Manasseh had the land of Tappuah: but Tappuah on thM
e border of Manasseh belonged to the children of Ephraim; <span class="ver">9</span>And the coast descended unto the river Kanah, southward of the river: these cities of Ephraim are among the cities of Manasseh: the coast of Manasseh also was on the north side of the river, and the outgoings of it were at the sea: <span class="ver">10</span>Southward it was Ephraim
s, and northward it was Manasseh
s, and the sea is his border; and they met together in Asher on the north, and in Issachar on the east. <span classM
="ver">11</span>And Manasseh had in Issachar and in Asher Beth-shean and her towns, and Ibleam and her towns, and the inhabitants of Dor and her towns, and the inhabitants of Endor and her towns, and the inhabitants of Taanach and her towns, and the inhabitants of Megiddo and her towns, even three countries. <span class="ver">12</span>Yet the children of Manasseh could not drive out the inhabitants of those cities; but the Canaanites would dwell in that land. <span class="ver">13</span>Yet it came to pass, when theM
children of Israel were waxen strong, that they put the Canaanites to tribute; but did not utterly drive them out. <span class="ver">14</span>And the children of Joseph spake unto Joshua, saying, Why hast thou given me but one lot and one portion to inherit, seeing I am a great people, forasmuch as the LORD hath blessed me hitherto? <span class="ver">15</span>And Joshua answered them, If thou be a great people, then get thee up to the wood country, and cut down for thyself there in the land of the Perizzites and oM
f the giants, if mount Ephraim be too narrow for thee. <span class="ver">16</span>And the children of Joseph said, The hill is not enough for us: and all the Canaanites that dwell in the land of the valley have chariots of iron, both they who are of Beth-shean and her towns, and they who are of the valley of Jezreel. <span class="ver">17</span>And Joshua spake unto the house of Joseph, even to Ephraim and to Manasseh, saying, Thou art a great people, and hast great power: thou shalt not have one lot only: <span claM
ss="ver">18</span>But the mountain shall be thine; for it is a wood, and thou shalt cut it down: and the outgoings of it shall be thine: for thou shalt drive out the Canaanites, though they have iron chariots, and though they be strong.
<h2 id="c18">Chapter 18</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the whole congregation of the children of Israel assembled together at Shiloh, and set up the tabernacle of the congregation there. And the land was subdued before them. <span class="ver">2</span>And there remained M
among the children of Israel seven tribes, which had not yet received their inheritance. <span class="ver">3</span>And Joshua said unto the children of Israel, How long are ye slack to go to possess the land, which the LORD God of your fathers hath given you? <span class="ver">4</span>Give out from among you three men for each tribe: and I will send them, and they shall rise, and go through the land, and describe it according to the inheritance of them; and they shall come again to me. <span class="ver">5</span>AndM
they shall divide it into seven parts: Judah shall abide in their coast on the south, and the house of Joseph shall abide in their coasts on the north. <span class="ver">6</span>Ye shall therefore describe the land into seven parts, and bring the description hither to me, that I may cast lots for you here before the LORD our God. <span class="ver">7</span>But the Levites have no part among you; for the priesthood of the LORD is their inheritance: and Gad, and Reuben, and half the tribe of Manasseh, have received tM
heir inheritance beyond Jordan on the east, which Moses the servant of the LORD gave them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And the men arose, and went away: and Joshua charged them that went to describe the land, saying, Go and walk through the land, and describe it, and come again to me, that I may here cast lots for you before the LORD in Shiloh. <span class="ver">9</span>And the men went and passed through the land, and described it by cities into seven parts in a book, and came again to Joshua to the host aM
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And Joshua cast lots for them in Shiloh before the LORD: and there Joshua divided the land unto the children of Israel according to their divisions. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And the lot of the tribe of the children of Benjamin came up according to their families: and the coast of their lot came forth between the children of Judah and the children of Joseph. <span class="ver">12</span>And their border on the north side was from Jordan; and the border went upM
to the side of Jericho on the north side, and went up through the mountains westward; and the goings out thereof were at the wilderness of Beth-aven. <span class="ver">13</span>And the border went over from thence toward Luz, to the side of Luz, which is Beth-el, southward; and the border descended to Ataroth-adar, near the hill that lieth on the south side of the nether Beth-horon. <span class="ver">14</span>And the border was drawn thence, and compassed the corner of the sea southward, from the hill that lieth bM
efore Beth-horon southward; and the goings out thereof were at Kirjath-baal, which is Kirjath-jearim, a city of the children of Judah: this was the west quarter. <span class="ver">15</span>And the south quarter was from the end of Kirjath-jearim, and the border went out on the west, and went out to the well of waters of Nephtoah: <span class="ver">16</span>And the border came down to the end of the mountain that lieth before the valley of the son of Hinnom, and which is in the valley of the giants on the north, andM
descended to the valley of Hinnom, to the side of Jebusi on the south, and descended to En-rogel, <span class="ver">17</span>And was drawn from the north, and went forth to En-shemesh, and went forth toward Geliloth, which is over against the going up of Adummim, and descended to the stone of Bohan the son of Reuben, <span class="ver">18</span>And passed along toward the side over against Arabah northward, and went down unto Arabah: <span class="ver">19</span>And the border passed along to the side of Beth-hoglah M
northward: and the outgoings of the border were at the north bay of the salt sea at the south end of Jordan: this was the south coast. <span class="ver">20</span>And Jordan was the border of it on the east side. This was the inheritance of the children of Benjamin, by the coasts thereof round about, according to their families. <span class="ver">21</span>Now the cities of the tribe of the children of Benjamin according to their families were Jericho, and Beth-hoglah, and the valley of Keziz, <span class="ver">22</sM
pan>And Beth-arabah, and Zemaraim, and Beth-el, <span class="ver">23</span>And Avim, and Parah, and Ophrah, <span class="ver">24</span>And Chephar-haammonai, and Ophni, and Gaba; twelve cities with their villages: <span class="ver">25</span>Gibeon, and Ramah, and Beeroth, <span class="ver">26</span>And Mizpeh, and Chephirah, and Mozah, <span class="ver">27</span>And Rekem, and Irpeel, and Taralah, <span class="ver">28</span>And Zelah, Eleph, and Jebusi, which is Jerusalem, Gibeath, and Kirjath; fourteen cities withM
their villages. This is the inheritance of the children of Benjamin according to their families.
<h2 id="c19">Chapter 19</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the second lot came forth to Simeon, even for the tribe of the children of Simeon according to their families: and their inheritance was within the inheritance of the children of Judah. <span class="ver">2</span>And they had in their inheritance Beer-sheba, or Sheba, and Moladah, <span class="ver">3</span>And Hazar-shual, and Balah, and Azem, <span claM
ss="ver">4</span>And Eltolad, and Bethul, and Hormah, <span class="ver">5</span>And Ziklag, and Beth-marcaboth, and Hazar-susah, <span class="ver">6</span>And Beth-lebaoth, and Sharuhen; thirteen cities and their villages: <span class="ver">7</span>Ain, Remmon, and Ether, and Ashan; four cities and their villages: <span class="ver">8</span>And all the villages that were round about these cities to Baalath-beer, Ramath of the south. This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Simeon according to their faM
milies. <span class="ver">9</span>Out of the portion of the children of Judah was the inheritance of the children of Simeon: for the part of the children of Judah was too much for them: therefore the children of Simeon had their inheritance within the inheritance of them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And the third lot came up for the children of Zebulun according to their families: and the border of their inheritance was unto Sarid: <span class="ver">11</span>And their border went up toward the sea, and MarM
alah, and reached to Dabbasheth, and reached to the river that is before Jokneam; <span class="ver">12</span>And turned from Sarid eastward toward the sunrising unto the border of Chisloth-tabor, and then goeth out to Daberath, and goeth up to Japhia, <span class="ver">13</span>And from thence passeth on along on the east to Gittah-hepher, to Ittah-kazin, and goeth out to Remmon-methoar to Neah; <span class="ver">14</span>And the border compasseth it on the north side to Hannathon: and the outgoings thereof are in M
the valley of Jiphthah-el: <span class="ver">15</span>And Kattath, and Nahallal, and Shimron, and Idalah, and Beth-lehem: twelve cities with their villages. <span class="ver">16</span>This is the inheritance of the children of Zebulun according to their families, these cities with their villages. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>And the fourth lot came out to Issachar, for the children of Issachar according to their families. <span class="ver">18</span>And their border was toward Jezreel, and Chesulloth, and ShM
unem, <span class="ver">19</span>And Hapharaim, and Shion, and Anaharath, <span class="ver">20</span>And Rabbith, and Kishion, and Abez, <span class="ver">21</span>And Remeth, and En-gannim, and En-haddah, and Beth-pazzez; <span class="ver">22</span>And the coast reacheth to Tabor, and Shahazimah, and Beth-shemesh; and the outgoings of their border were at Jordan: sixteen cities with their villages. <span class="ver">23</span>This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Issachar according to their familiM
es, the cities and their villages. </p>
<p><span class="ver">24</span>And the fifth lot came out for the tribe of the children of Asher according to their families. <span class="ver">25</span>And their border was Helkath, and Hali, and Beten, and Achshaph, <span class="ver">26</span>And Alammelech, and Amad, and Misheal; and reacheth to Carmel westward, and to Shihor-libnath; <span class="ver">27</span>And turneth toward the sunrising to Beth-dagon, and reacheth to Zebulun, and to the valley of Jiphthah-el towardM
the north side of Beth-emek, and Neiel, and goeth out to Cabul on the left hand, <span class="ver">28</span>And Hebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, even unto great Zidon; <span class="ver">29</span>And then the coast turneth to Ramah, and to the strong city Tyre; and the coast turneth to Hosah; and the outgoings thereof are at the sea from the coast to Achzib: <span class="ver">30</span>Ummah also, and Aphek, and Rehob: twenty and two cities with their villages. <span class="ver">31</span>This is the inheritM
ance of the tribe of the children of Asher according to their families, these cities with their villages. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>The sixth lot came out to the children of Naphtali, even for the children of Naphtali according to their families. <span class="ver">33</span>And their coast was from Heleph, from Allon to Zaanannim, and Adami, Nekeb, and Jabneel, unto Lakum; and the outgoings thereof were at Jordan: <span class="ver">34</span>And then the coast turneth westward to Aznoth-tabor, and goeth ouM
t from thence to Hukkok, and reacheth to Zebulun on the south side, and reacheth to Asher on the west side, and to Judah upon Jordan toward the sunrising. <span class="ver">35</span>And the fenced cities are Ziddim, Zer, and Hammath, Rakkath, and Chinnereth, <span class="ver">36</span>And Adamah, and Ramah, and Hazor, <span class="ver">37</span>And Kedesh, and Edrei, and En-hazor, <span class="ver">38</span>And Iron, and Migdal-el, Horem, and Beth-anath, and Beth-shemesh; nineteen cities with their villages. <span M
class="ver">39</span>This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Naphtali according to their families, the cities and their villages. </p>
<p><span class="ver">40</span>And the seventh lot came out for the tribe of the children of Dan according to their families. <span class="ver">41</span>And the coast of their inheritance was Zorah, and Eshtaol, and Ir-shemesh, <span class="ver">42</span>And Shaalabbin, and Ajalon, and Jethlah, <span class="ver">43</span>And Elon, and Thimnathah, and Ekron, <span clM
ass="ver">44</span>And Eltekeh, and Gibbethon, and Baalath, <span class="ver">45</span>And Jehud, and Bene-berak, and Gath-rimmon, <span class="ver">46</span>And Me-jarkon, and Rakkon, with the border before Japho. <span class="ver">47</span>And the coast of the children of Dan went out too little for them: therefore the children of Dan went up to fight against Leshem, and took it, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and possessed it, and dwelt therein, and called Leshem, Dan, after the name of Dan their fatheM
r. <span class="ver">48</span>This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Dan according to their families, these cities with their villages. </p>
<p><span class="ver">49</span>When they had made an end of dividing the land for inheritance by their coasts, the children of Israel gave an inheritance to Joshua the son of Nun among them: <span class="ver">50</span>According to the word of the LORD they gave him the city which he asked, even Timnath-serah in mount Ephraim: and he built the city, and dwelt M
therein. <span class="ver">51</span>These are the inheritances, which Eleazar the priest, and Joshua the son of Nun, and the heads of the fathers of the tribes of the children of Israel, divided for an inheritance by lot in Shiloh before the LORD, at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. So they made an end of dividing the country.
<h2 id="c20">Chapter 20</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The LORD also spake unto Joshua, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Speak to the children of Israel, saying, AppoM
int out for you cities of refuge, whereof I spake unto you by the hand of Moses: <span class="ver">3</span>That the slayer that killeth any person unawares and unwittingly may flee thither: and they shall be your refuge from the avenger of blood. <span class="ver">4</span>And when he that doth flee unto one of those cities shall stand at the entering of the gate of the city, and shall declare his cause in the ears of the elders of that city, they shall take him into the city unto them, and give him a place, that heM
may dwell among them. <span class="ver">5</span>And if the avenger of blood pursue after him, then they shall not deliver the slayer up into his hand; because he smote his neighbour unwittingly, and hated him not beforetime. <span class="ver">6</span>And he shall dwell in that city, until he stand before the congregation for judgment, and until the death of the high priest that shall be in those days: then shall the slayer return, and come unto his own city, and unto his own house, unto the city from whence he fleM
<p><span class="ver">7</span>And they appointed Kedesh in Galilee in mount Naphtali, and Shechem in mount Ephraim, and Kirjath-arba, which is Hebron, in the mountain of Judah. <span class="ver">8</span>And on the other side Jordan by Jericho eastward, they assigned Bezer in the wilderness upon the plain out of the tribe of Reuben, and Ramoth in Gilead out of the tribe of Gad, and Golan in Bashan out of the tribe of Manasseh. <span class="ver">9</span>These were the cities appointed for all the children ofM
Israel, and for the stranger that sojourneth among them, that whosoever killeth any person at unawares might flee thither, and not die by the hand of the avenger of blood, until he stood before the congregation.
<h2 id="c21">Chapter 21</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then came near the heads of the fathers of the Levites unto Eleazar the priest, and unto Joshua the son of Nun, and unto the heads of the fathers of the tribes of the children of Israel; <span class="ver">2</span>And they spake unto them at ShM
iloh in the land of Canaan, saying, The LORD commanded by the hand of Moses to give us cities to dwell in, with the suburbs thereof for our cattle. <span class="ver">3</span>And the children of Israel gave unto the Levites out of their inheritance, at the commandment of the LORD, these cities and their suburbs. <span class="ver">4</span>And the lot came out for the families of the Kohathites: and the children of Aaron the priest, which were of the Levites, had by lot out of the tribe of Judah, and out of the tribe M
of Simeon, and out of the tribe of Benjamin, thirteen cities. <span class="ver">5</span>And the rest of the children of Kohath had by lot out of the families of the tribe of Ephraim, and out of the tribe of Dan, and out of the half tribe of Manasseh, ten cities. <span class="ver">6</span>And the children of Gershon had by lot out of the families of the tribe of Issachar, and out of the tribe of Asher, and out of the tribe of Naphtali, and out of the half tribe of Manasseh in Bashan, thirteen cities. <span class="veM
r">7</span>The children of Merari by their families had out of the tribe of Reuben, and out of the tribe of Gad, and out of the tribe of Zebulun, twelve cities. <span class="ver">8</span>And the children of Israel gave by lot unto the Levites these cities with their suburbs, as the LORD commanded by the hand of Moses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And they gave out of the tribe of the children of Judah, and out of the tribe of the children of Simeon, these cities which are here mentioned by name, <span class=M
"ver">10</span>Which the children of Aaron, being of the families of the Kohathites, who were of the children of Levi, had: for theirs was the first lot. <span class="ver">11</span>And they gave them the city of Arba the father of Anak, which city is Hebron, in the hill country of Judah, with the suburbs thereof round about it. <span class="ver">12</span>But the fields of the city, and the villages thereof, gave they to Caleb the son of Jephunneh for his possession. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Thus they gaM
ve to the children of Aaron the priest Hebron with her suburbs, to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Libnah with her suburbs, <span class="ver">14</span>And Jattir with her suburbs, and Eshtemoa with her suburbs, <span class="ver">15</span>And Holon with her suburbs, and Debir with her suburbs, <span class="ver">16</span>And Ain with her suburbs, and Juttah with her suburbs, and Beth-shemesh with her suburbs; nine cities out of those two tribes. <span class="ver">17</span>And out of the tribe of Benjamin, GibM
eon with her suburbs, Geba with her suburbs, <span class="ver">18</span>Anathoth with her suburbs, and Almon with her suburbs; four cities. <span class="ver">19</span>All the cities of the children of Aaron, the priests, were thirteen cities with their suburbs. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And the families of the children of Kohath, the Levites which remained of the children of Kohath, even they had the cities of their lot out of the tribe of Ephraim. <span class="ver">21</span>For they gave them Shechem wiM
th her suburbs in mount Ephraim, to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Gezer with her suburbs, <span class="ver">22</span>And Kibzaim with her suburbs, and Beth-horon with her suburbs; four cities. <span class="ver">23</span>And out of the tribe of Dan, Eltekeh with her suburbs, Gibbethon with her suburbs, <span class="ver">24</span>Aijalon with her suburbs, Gath-rimmon with her suburbs; four cities. <span class="ver">25</span>And out of the half tribe of Manasseh, Tanach with her suburbs, and Gath-rimmon withM
her suburbs; two cities. <span class="ver">26</span>All the cities were ten with their suburbs for the families of the children of Kohath that remained. </p>
<p><span class="ver">27</span>And unto the children of Gershon, of the families of the Levites, out of the other half tribe of Manasseh they gave Golan in Bashan with her suburbs, to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Beesh-terah with her suburbs; two cities. <span class="ver">28</span>And out of the tribe of Issachar, Kishon with her suburbs, Dabareh M
with her suburbs, <span class="ver">29</span>Jarmuth with her suburbs, En-gannim with her suburbs; four cities. <span class="ver">30</span>And out of the tribe of Asher, Mishal with her suburbs, Abdon with her suburbs, <span class="ver">31</span>Helkath with her suburbs, and Rehob with her suburbs; four cities. <span class="ver">32</span>And out of the tribe of Naphtali, Kedesh in Galilee with her suburbs, to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Hammoth-dor with her suburbs, and Kartan with her suburbs; three ciM
ties. <span class="ver">33</span>All the cities of the Gershonites according to their families were thirteen cities with their suburbs. </p>
<p><span class="ver">34</span>And unto the families of the children of Merari, the rest of the Levites, out of the tribe of Zebulun, Jokneam with her suburbs, and Kartah with her suburbs, <span class="ver">35</span>Dimnah with her suburbs, Nahalal with her suburbs; four cities. <span class="ver">36</span>And out of the tribe of Reuben, Bezer with her suburbs, and Jahazah witM
h her suburbs, <span class="ver">37</span>Kedemoth with her suburbs, and Mephaath with her suburbs; four cities. <span class="ver">38</span>And out of the tribe of Gad, Ramoth in Gilead with her suburbs, to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Mahanaim with her suburbs, <span class="ver">39</span>Heshbon with her suburbs, Jazer with her suburbs; four cities in all. <span class="ver">40</span>So all the cities for the children of Merari by their families, which were remaining of the families of the Levites, were M
by their lot twelve cities. <span class="ver">41</span>All the cities of the Levites within the possession of the children of Israel were forty and eight cities with their suburbs. <span class="ver">42</span>These cities were every one with their suburbs round about them: thus were all these cities. </p>
<p><span class="ver">43</span>And the LORD gave unto Israel all the land which he sware to give unto their fathers; and they possessed it, and dwelt therein. <span class="ver">44</span>And the LORD gave them restM
round about, according to all that he sware unto their fathers: and there stood not a man of all their enemies before them; the LORD delivered all their enemies into their hand. <span class="ver">45</span>There failed not ought of any good thing which the LORD had spoken unto the house of Israel; all came to pass.
<h2 id="c22">Chapter 22</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then Joshua called the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh, <span class="ver">2</span>And said unto them, Ye have kM
ept all that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded you, and have obeyed my voice in all that I commanded you: <span class="ver">3</span>Ye have not left your brethren these many days unto this day, but have kept the charge of the commandment of the LORD your God. <span class="ver">4</span>And now the LORD your God hath given rest unto your brethren, as he promised them: therefore now return ye, and get you unto your tents, and unto the land of your possession, which Moses the servant of the LORD gave you on the oM
ther side Jordan. <span class="ver">5</span>But take diligent heed to do the commandment and the law, which Moses the servant of the LORD charged you, to love the LORD your God, and to walk in all his ways, and to keep his commandments, and to cleave unto him, and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul. <span class="ver">6</span>So Joshua blessed them, and sent them away: and they went unto their tents. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Now to the one half of the tribe of Manasseh Moses had givenM
possession in Bashan: but unto the other half thereof gave Joshua among their brethren on this side Jordan westward. And when Joshua sent them away also unto their tents, then he blessed them, <span class="ver">8</span>And he spake unto them, saying, Return with much riches unto your tents, and with very much cattle, with silver, and with gold, and with brass, and with iron, and with very much raiment: divide the spoil of your enemies with your brethren. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And the children of ReubM
en and the children of Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh returned, and departed from the children of Israel out of Shiloh, which is in the land of Canaan, to go unto the country of Gilead, to the land of their possession, whereof they were possessed, according to the word of the LORD by the hand of Moses. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And when they came unto the borders of Jordan, that are in the land of Canaan, the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh built there an altM
ar by Jordan, a great altar to see to. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>And the children of Israel heard say, Behold, the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh have built an altar over against the land of Canaan, in the borders of Jordan, at the passage of the children of Israel. <span class="ver">12</span>And when the children of Israel heard of it, the whole congregation of the children of Israel gathered themselves together at Shiloh, to go up to war against them. <span clM
ass="ver">13</span>And the children of Israel sent unto the children of Reuben, and to the children of Gad, and to the half tribe of Manasseh, into the land of Gilead, Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest, <span class="ver">14</span>And with him ten princes, of each chief house a prince throughout all the tribes of Israel; and each one was an head of the house of their fathers among the thousands of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And they came unto the children of Reuben, and to the children of Gad,M
and to the half tribe of Manasseh, unto the land of Gilead, and they spake with them, saying, <span class="ver">16</span>Thus saith the whole congregation of the LORD, What trespass is this that ye have committed against the God of Israel, to turn away this day from following the LORD, in that ye have builded you an altar, that ye might rebel this day against the LORD? <span class="ver">17</span>Is the iniquity of Peor too little for us, from which we are not cleansed until this day, although there was a plague inM
the congregation of the LORD, <span class="ver">18</span>But that ye must turn away this day from following the LORD? and it will be, seeing ye rebel to day against the LORD, that to morrow he will be wroth with the whole congregation of Israel. <span class="ver">19</span>Notwithstanding, if the land of your possession be unclean, then pass ye over unto the land of the possession of the LORD, wherein the LORD
s tabernacle dwelleth, and take possession among us: but rebel not against the LORD, nor rebel against uM
s, in building you an altar beside the altar of the LORD our God. <span class="ver">20</span>Did not Achan the son of Zerah commit a trespass in the accursed thing, and wrath fell on all the congregation of Israel? and that man perished not alone in his iniquity. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Then the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh answered, and said unto the heads of the thousands of Israel, <span class="ver">22</span>The LORD God of gods, the LORD God of gods, he M
knoweth, and Israel he shall know; if it be in rebellion, or if in transgression against the LORD, (save us not this day,) <span class="ver">23</span>That we have built us an altar to turn from following the LORD, or if to offer thereon burnt offering or meat offering, or if to offer peace offerings thereon, let the LORD himself require it; <span class="ver">24</span>And if we have not rather done it for fear of this thing, saying, In time to come your children might speak unto our children, saying, What have ye toM
do with the LORD God of Israel? <span class="ver">25</span>For the LORD hath made Jordan a border between us and you, ye children of Reuben and children of Gad; ye have no part in the LORD: so shall your children make our children cease from fearing the LORD. <span class="ver">26</span>Therefore we said, Let us now prepare to build us an altar, not for burnt offering, nor for sacrifice: <span class="ver">27</span>But that it may be a witness between us, and you, and our generations after us, that we might do the sM
ervice of the LORD before him with our burnt offerings, and with our sacrifices, and with our peace offerings; that your children may not say to our children in time to come, Ye have no part in the LORD. <span class="ver">28</span>Therefore said we, that it shall be, when they should so say to us or to our generations in time to come, that we may say again, Behold the pattern of the altar of the LORD, which our fathers made, not for burnt offerings, nor for sacrifices; but it is a witness between us and you. <span M
class="ver">29</span>God forbid that we should rebel against the LORD, and turn this day from following the LORD, to build an altar for burnt offerings, for meat offerings, or for sacrifices, beside the altar of the LORD our God that is before his tabernacle. </p>
<p><span class="ver">30</span>And when Phinehas the priest, and the princes of the congregation and heads of the thousands of Israel which were with him, heard the words that the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the children of Manasseh spM
ake, it pleased them. <span class="ver">31</span>And Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest said unto the children of Reuben, and to the children of Gad, and to the children of Manasseh, This day we perceive that the LORD is among us, because ye have not committed this trespass against the LORD: now ye have delivered the children of Israel out of the hand of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>And Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest, and the princes, returned from the children of Reuben, and from the M
children of Gad, out of the land of Gilead, unto the land of Canaan, to the children of Israel, and brought them word again. <span class="ver">33</span>And the thing pleased the children of Israel; and the children of Israel blessed God, and did not intend to go up against them in battle, to destroy the land wherein the children of Reuben and Gad dwelt. <span class="ver">34</span>And the children of Reuben and the children of Gad called the altar Ed: for it shall be a witness between us that the LORD is God.
id="c23">Chapter 23</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass a long time after that the LORD had given rest unto Israel from all their enemies round about, that Joshua waxed old and stricken in age. <span class="ver">2</span>And Joshua called for all Israel, and for their elders, and for their heads, and for their judges, and for their officers, and said unto them, I am old and stricken in age: <span class="ver">3</span>And ye have seen all that the LORD your God hath done unto all these nations beM
cause of you; for the LORD your God is he that hath fought for you. <span class="ver">4</span>Behold, I have divided unto you by lot these nations that remain, to be an inheritance for your tribes, from Jordan, with all the nations that I have cut off, even unto the great sea westward. <span class="ver">5</span>And the LORD your God, he shall expel them from before you, and drive them from out of your sight; and ye shall possess their land, as the LORD your God hath promised unto you. <span class="ver">6</span>Be yM
e therefore very courageous to keep and to do all that is written in the book of the law of Moses, that ye turn not aside therefrom to the right hand or to the left; <span class="ver">7</span>That ye come not among these nations, these that remain among you; neither make mention of the name of their gods, nor cause to swear by them, neither serve them, nor bow yourselves unto them: <span class="ver">8</span>But cleave unto the LORD your God, as ye have done unto this day. <span class="ver">9</span>For the LORD hathM
driven out from before you great nations and strong: but as for you, no man hath been able to stand before you unto this day. <span class="ver">10</span>One man of you shall chase a thousand: for the LORD your God, he it is that fighteth for you, as he hath promised you. <span class="ver">11</span>Take good heed therefore unto yourselves, that ye love the LORD your God. <span class="ver">12</span>Else if ye do in any wise go back, and cleave unto the remnant of these nations, even these that remain among you, and M
shall make marriages with them, and go in unto them, and they to you: <span class="ver">13</span>Know for a certainty that the LORD your God will no more drive out any of these nations from before you; but they shall be snares and traps unto you, and scourges in your sides, and thorns in your eyes, until ye perish from off this good land which the LORD your God hath given you. <span class="ver">14</span>And, behold, this day I am going the way of all the earth: and ye know in all your hearts and in all your souls, M
that not one thing hath failed of all the good things which the LORD your God spake concerning you; all are come to pass unto you, and not one thing hath failed thereof. <span class="ver">15</span>Therefore it shall come to pass, that as all good things are come upon you, which the LORD your God promised you; so shall the LORD bring upon you all evil things, until he have destroyed you from off this good land which the LORD your God hath given you. <span class="ver">16</span>When ye have transgressed the covenant oM
f the LORD your God, which he commanded you, and have gone and served other gods, and bowed yourselves to them; then shall the anger of the LORD be kindled against you, and ye shall perish quickly from off the good land which he hath given unto you.
<h2 id="c24">Chapter 24</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel to Shechem, and called for the elders of Israel, and for their heads, and for their judges, and for their officers; and they presented themselves before God. <spM
an class="ver">2</span>And Joshua said unto all the people, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Your fathers dwelt on the other side of the flood in old time, even Terah, the father of Abraham, and the father of Nachor: and they served other gods. <span class="ver">3</span>And I took your father Abraham from the other side of the flood, and led him throughout all the land of Canaan, and multiplied his seed, and gave him Isaac. <span class="ver">4</span>And I gave unto Isaac Jacob and Esau: and I gave unto Esau mountM
Seir, to possess it; but Jacob and his children went down into Egypt. <span class="ver">5</span>I sent Moses also and Aaron, and I plagued Egypt, according to that which I did among them: and afterward I brought you out. <span class="ver">6</span>And I brought your fathers out of Egypt: and ye came unto the sea; and the Egyptians pursued after your fathers with chariots and horsemen unto the Red sea. <span class="ver">7</span>And when they cried unto the LORD, he put darkness between you and the Egyptians, and broM
ught the sea upon them, and covered them; and your eyes have seen what I have done in Egypt: and ye dwelt in the wilderness a long season. <span class="ver">8</span>And I brought you into the land of the Amorites, which dwelt on the other side Jordan; and they fought with you: and I gave them into your hand, that ye might possess their land; and I destroyed them from before you. <span class="ver">9</span>Then Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab, arose and warred against Israel, and sent and called Balaam the son M
of Beor to curse you: <span class="ver">10</span>But I would not hearken unto Balaam; therefore he blessed you still: so I delivered you out of his hand. <span class="ver">11</span>And ye went over Jordan, and came unto Jericho: and the men of Jericho fought against you, the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Girgashites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites; and I delivered them into your hand. <span class="ver">12</span>And I sent the hornet before you, which drave them out fromM
before you, even the two kings of the Amorites; but not with thy sword, nor with thy bow. <span class="ver">13</span>And I have given you a land for which ye did not labour, and cities which ye built not, and ye dwell in them; of the vineyards and oliveyards which ye planted not do ye eat. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Now therefore fear the LORD, and serve him in sincerity and in truth: and put away the gods which your fathers served on the other side of the flood, and in Egypt; and serve ye the LORD. <spaM
n class="ver">15</span>And if it seem evil unto you to serve the LORD, choose you this day whom ye will serve; whether the gods which your fathers served that were on the other side of the flood, or the gods of the Amorites, in whose land ye dwell: but as for me and my house, we will serve the LORD. <span class="ver">16</span>And the people answered and said, God forbid that we should forsake the LORD, to serve other gods; <span class="ver">17</span>For the LORD our God, he it is that brought us up and our fathers M
out of the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage, and which did those great signs in our sight, and preserved us in all the way wherein we went, and among all the people through whom we passed: <span class="ver">18</span>And the LORD drave out from before us all the people, even the Amorites which dwelt in the land: therefore will we also serve the LORD; for he is our God. <span class="ver">19</span>And Joshua said unto the people, Ye cannot serve the LORD: for he is an holy God; he is a jealous God; he will notM
forgive your transgressions nor your sins. <span class="ver">20</span>If ye forsake the LORD, and serve strange gods, then he will turn and do you hurt, and consume you, after that he hath done you good. <span class="ver">21</span>And the people said unto Joshua, Nay; but we will serve the LORD. <span class="ver">22</span>And Joshua said unto the people, Ye are witnesses against yourselves that ye have chosen you the LORD, to serve him. And they said, We are witnesses. <span class="ver">23</span>Now therefore put M
away, said he, the strange gods which are among you, and incline your heart unto the LORD God of Israel. <span class="ver">24</span>And the people said unto Joshua, The LORD our God will we serve, and his voice will we obey. <span class="ver">25</span>So Joshua made a covenant with the people that day, and set them a statute and an ordinance in Shechem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">26</span>And Joshua wrote these words in the book of the law of God, and took a great stone, and set it up there under an oak, that was M
by the sanctuary of the LORD. <span class="ver">27</span>And Joshua said unto all the people, Behold, this stone shall be a witness unto us; for it hath heard all the words of the LORD which he spake unto us: it shall be therefore a witness unto you, lest ye deny your God. <span class="ver">28</span>So Joshua let the people depart, every man unto his inheritance. </p>
<p><span class="ver">29</span>And it came to pass after these things, that Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of the LORD, died, being an hundred aM
nd ten years old. <span class="ver">30</span>And they buried him in the border of his inheritance in Timnath-serah, which is in mount Ephraim, on the north side of the hill of Gaash. <span class="ver">31</span>And Israel served the LORD all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that overlived Joshua, and which had known all the works of the LORD, that he had done for Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">32</span>And the bones of Joseph, which the children of Israel brought up out of Egypt, buried they iM
n Shechem, in a parcel of ground which Jacob bought of the sons of Hamor the father of Shechem for an hundred pieces of silver: and it became the inheritance of the children of Joseph. <span class="ver">33</span>And Eleazar the son of Aaron died; and they buried him in a hill that pertained to Phinehas his son, which was given him in mount Ephraim. </p>
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<h1>ZECHARIAH</h1>
<div class="content-table">
<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="#c10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="#c11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="#c12">12</a></li>
<li><a href="#c13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="#c14">14</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In the eighth month, in the sM
econd year of Darius, came the word of the LORD unto Zechariah, the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo the prophet, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>The LORD hath been sore displeased with your fathers. <span class="ver">3</span>Therefore say thou unto them, Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Turn ye unto me, saith the LORD of hosts, and I will turn unto you, saith the LORD of hosts. <span class="ver">4</span>Be ye not as your fathers, unto whom the former prophets have cried, saying, Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Turn M
ye now from your evil ways, and from your evil doings: but they did not hear, nor hearken unto me, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">5</span>Your fathers, where are they? and the prophets, do they live for ever? <span class="ver">6</span>But my words and my statutes, which I commanded my servants the prophets, did they not take hold of your fathers? and they returned and said, Like as the LORD of hosts thought to do unto us, according to our ways, and according to our doings, so hath he dealt with us. </p>
an class="ver">7</span>Upon the four and twentieth day of the eleventh month, which is the month Sebat, in the second year of Darius, came the word of the LORD unto Zechariah, the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo the prophet, saying, <span class="ver">8</span>I saw by night, and behold a man riding upon a red horse, and he stood among the myrtle trees that were in the bottom; and behind him were there red horses, speckled, and white. <span class="ver">9</span>Then said I, O my lord, what are these? And the angel tM
hat talked with me said unto me, I will shew thee what these be. <span class="ver">10</span>And the man that stood among the myrtle trees answered and said, These are they whom the LORD hath sent to walk to and fro through the earth. <span class="ver">11</span>And they answered the angel of the LORD that stood among the myrtle trees, and said, We have walked to and fro through the earth, and, behold, all the earth sitteth still, and is at rest. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Then the angel of the LORD answereM
d and said, O LORD of hosts, how long wilt thou not have mercy on Jerusalem and on the cities of Judah, against which thou hast had indignation these threescore and ten years? <span class="ver">13</span>And the LORD answered the angel that talked with me with good words and comfortable words. <span class="ver">14</span>So the angel that communed with me said unto me, Cry thou, saying, Thus saith the LORD of hosts; I am jealous for Jerusalem and for Zion with a great jealousy. <span class="ver">15</span>And I am verM
y sore displeased with the heathen that are at ease: for I was but a little displeased, and they helped forward the affliction. <span class="ver">16</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD; I am returned to Jerusalem with mercies: my house shall be built in it, saith the LORD of hosts, and a line shall be stretched forth upon Jerusalem. <span class="ver">17</span>Cry yet, saying, Thus saith the LORD of hosts; My cities through prosperity shall yet be spread abroad; and the LORD shall yet comfort Zion, and shall yet choM
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Then lifted I up mine eyes, and saw, and behold four horns. <span class="ver">19</span>And I said unto the angel that talked with me, What be these? And he answered me, These are the horns which have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem. <span class="ver">20</span>And the LORD shewed me four carpenters. <span class="ver">21</span>Then said I, What come these to do? And he spake, saying, These are the horns which have scattered Judah, so that no man did lift up hM
is head: but these are come to fray them, to cast out the horns of the Gentiles, which lifted up their horn over the land of Judah to scatter it.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>I lifted up mine eyes again, and looked, and behold a man with a measuring line in his hand. <span class="ver">2</span>Then said I, Whither goest thou? And he said unto me, To measure Jerusalem, to see what is the breadth thereof, and what is the length thereof. <span class="ver">3</span>And, behold, the angel M
that talked with me went forth, and another angel went out to meet him, <span class="ver">4</span>And said unto him, Run, speak to this young man, saying, Jerusalem shall be inhabited as towns without walls for the multitude of men and cattle therein: <span class="ver">5</span>For I, saith the LORD, will be unto her a wall of fire round about, and will be the glory in the midst of her. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Ho, ho, come forth, and flee from the land of the north, saith the LORD: for I have spread you M
abroad as the four winds of the heaven, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">7</span>Deliver thyself, O Zion, that dwellest with the daughter of Babylon. <span class="ver">8</span>For thus saith the LORD of hosts; After the glory hath he sent me unto the nations which spoiled you: for he that toucheth you toucheth the apple of his eye. <span class="ver">9</span>For, behold, I will shake mine hand upon them, and they shall be a spoil to their servants: and ye shall know that the LORD of hosts hath sent me. </p>
pan class="ver">10</span>Sing and rejoice, O daughter of Zion: for, lo, I come, and I will dwell in the midst of thee, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">11</span>And many nations shall be joined to the LORD in that day, and shall be my people: and I will dwell in the midst of thee, and thou shalt know that the LORD of hosts hath sent me unto thee. <span class="ver">12</span>And the LORD shall inherit Judah his portion in the holy land, and shall choose Jerusalem again. <span class="ver">13</span>Be silent, O all flM
esh, before the LORD: for he is raised up out of his holy habitation.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And he shewed me Joshua the high priest standing before the angel of the LORD, and Satan standing at his right hand to resist him. <span class="ver">2</span>And the LORD said unto Satan, The LORD rebuke thee, O Satan; even the LORD that hath chosen Jerusalem rebuke thee: is not this a brand plucked out of the fire? <span class="ver">3</span>Now Joshua was clothed with filthy garments, M
and stood before the angel. <span class="ver">4</span>And he answered and spake unto those that stood before him, saying, Take away the filthy garments from him. And unto him he said, Behold, I have caused thine iniquity to pass from thee, and I will clothe thee with change of raiment. <span class="ver">5</span>And I said, Let them set a fair mitre upon his head. So they set a fair mitre upon his head, and clothed him with garments. And the angel of the LORD stood by. <span class="ver">6</span>And the angel of the M
LORD protested unto Joshua, saying, <span class="ver">7</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts; If thou wilt walk in my ways, and if thou wilt keep my charge, then thou shalt also judge my house, and shalt also keep my courts, and I will give thee places to walk among these that stand by. <span class="ver">8</span>Hear now, O Joshua the high priest, thou, and thy fellows that sit before thee: for they are men wondered at: for, behold, I will bring forth my servant the BRANCH. <span class="ver">9</span>For behold the stM
one that I have laid before Joshua; upon one stone shall be seven eyes: behold, I will engrave the graving thereof, saith the LORD of hosts, and I will remove the iniquity of that land in one day. <span class="ver">10</span>In that day, saith the LORD of hosts, shall ye call every man his neighbour under the vine and under the fig tree.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the angel that talked with me came again, and waked me, as a man that is wakened out of his sleep, <span class="verM
">2</span>And said unto me, What seest thou? And I said, I have looked, and behold a candlestick all of gold, with a bowl upon the top of it, and his seven lamps thereon, and seven pipes to the seven lamps, which are upon the top thereof: <span class="ver">3</span>And two olive trees by it, one upon the right side of the bowl, and the other upon the left side thereof. <span class="ver">4</span>So I answered and spake to the angel that talked with me, saying, What are these, my lord? <span class="ver">5</span>Then tM
he angel that talked with me answered and said unto me, Knowest thou not what these be? And I said, No, my lord. <span class="ver">6</span>Then he answered and spake unto me, saying, This is the word of the LORD unto Zerubbabel, saying, Not by might, nor by power, but by my spirit, saith the LORD of hosts. <span class="ver">7</span>Who art thou, O great mountain? before Zerubbabel thou shalt become a plain: and he shall bring forth the headstone thereof with shoutings, crying, Grace, grace unto it. <span class="verM
">8</span>Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">9</span>The hands of Zerubbabel have laid the foundation of this house; his hands shall also finish it; and thou shalt know that the LORD of hosts hath sent me unto you. <span class="ver">10</span>For who hath despised the day of small things? for they shall rejoice, and shall see the plummet in the hand of Zerubbabel with those seven; they are the eyes of the LORD, which run to and fro through the whole earth. </p>
<p><span class="veM
r">11</span>Then answered I, and said unto him, What are these two olive trees upon the right side of the candlestick and upon the left side thereof? <span class="ver">12</span>And I answered again, and said unto him, What be these two olive branches which through the two golden pipes empty the golden oil out of themselves? <span class="ver">13</span>And he answered me and said, Knowest thou not what these be? And I said, No, my lord. <span class="ver">14</span>Then said he, These are the two anointed ones, that stM
and by the Lord of the whole earth.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then I turned, and lifted up mine eyes, and looked, and behold a flying roll. <span class="ver">2</span>And he said unto me, What seest thou? And I answered, I see a flying roll; the length thereof is twenty cubits, and the breadth thereof ten cubits. <span class="ver">3</span>Then said he unto me, This is the curse that goeth forth over the face of the whole earth: for every one that stealeth shall be cut off as on thM
is side according to it; and every one that sweareth shall be cut off as on that side according to it. <span class="ver">4</span>I will bring it forth, saith the LORD of hosts, and it shall enter into the house of the thief, and into the house of him that sweareth falsely by my name: and it shall remain in the midst of his house, and shall consume it with the timber thereof and the stones thereof. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Then the angel that talked with me went forth, and said unto me, Lift up now thine M
eyes, and see what is this that goeth forth. <span class="ver">6</span>And I said, What is it? And he said, This is an ephah that goeth forth. He said moreover, This is their resemblance through all the earth. <span class="ver">7</span>And, behold, there was lifted up a talent of lead: and this is a woman that sitteth in the midst of the ephah. <span class="ver">8</span>And he said, This is wickedness. And he cast it into the midst of the ephah; and he cast the weight of lead upon the mouth thereof. <span class="veM
r">9</span>Then lifted I up mine eyes, and looked, and, behold, there came out two women, and the wind was in their wings; for they had wings like the wings of a stork: and they lifted up the ephah between the earth and the heaven. <span class="ver">10</span>Then said I to the angel that talked with me, Whither do these bear the ephah? <span class="ver">11</span>And he said unto me, To build it an house in the land of Shinar: and it shall be established, and set there upon her own base.
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2M
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And I turned, and lifted up mine eyes, and looked, and, behold, there came four chariots out from between two mountains; and the mountains were mountains of brass. <span class="ver">2</span>In the first chariot were red horses; and in the second chariot black horses; <span class="ver">3</span>And in the third chariot white horses; and in the fourth chariot grisled and bay horses. <span class="ver">4</span>Then I answered and said unto the angel that talked with me, What are these, M
my lord? <span class="ver">5</span>And the angel answered and said unto me, These are the four spirits of the heavens, which go forth from standing before the Lord of all the earth. <span class="ver">6</span>The black horses which are therein go forth into the north country; and the white go forth after them; and the grisled go forth toward the south country. <span class="ver">7</span>And the bay went forth, and sought to go that they might walk to and fro through the earth: and he said, Get you hence, walk to and M
fro through the earth. So they walked to and fro through the earth. <span class="ver">8</span>Then cried he upon me, and spake unto me, saying, Behold, these that go toward the north country have quieted my spirit in the north country. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">10</span>Take of them of the captivity, even of Heldai, of Tobijah, and of Jedaiah, which are come from Babylon, and come thou the same day, and go into the house of Josiah the son ofM
Zephaniah; <span class="ver">11</span>Then take silver and gold, and make crowns, and set them upon the head of Joshua the son of Josedech, the high priest; <span class="ver">12</span>And speak unto him, saying, Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts, saying, Behold the man whose name is The BRANCH; and he shall grow up out of his place, and he shall build the temple of the LORD: <span class="ver">13</span>Even he shall build the temple of the LORD; and he shall bear the glory, and shall sit and rule upon his throne; andM
he shall be a priest upon his throne: and the counsel of peace shall be between them both. <span class="ver">14</span>And the crowns shall be to Helem, and to Tobijah, and to Jedaiah, and to Hen the son of Zephaniah, for a memorial in the temple of the LORD. <span class="ver">15</span>And they that are far off shall come and build in the temple of the LORD, and ye shall know that the LORD of hosts hath sent me unto you. And this shall come to pass, if ye will diligently obey the voice of the LORD your God.
id="c7">Chapter 7</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Darius, that the word of the LORD came unto Zechariah in the fourth day of the ninth month, even in Chisleu; <span class="ver">2</span>When they had sent unto the house of God Sherezer and Regem-melech, and their men, to pray before the LORD, <span class="ver">3</span>And to speak unto the priests which were in the house of the LORD of hosts, and to the prophets, saying, Should I weep in the fifth month, separatingM
myself, as I have done these so many years? </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Then came the word of the LORD of hosts unto me, saying, <span class="ver">5</span>Speak unto all the people of the land, and to the priests, saying, When ye fasted and mourned in the fifth and seventh month, even those seventy years, did ye at all fast unto me, even to me? <span class="ver">6</span>And when ye did eat, and when ye did drink, did not ye eat for yourselves, and drink for yourselves? <span class="ver">7</span>Should ye nM
ot hear the words which the LORD hath cried by the former prophets, when Jerusalem was inhabited and in prosperity, and the cities thereof round about her, when men inhabited the south and the plain? </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And the word of the LORD came unto Zechariah, saying, <span class="ver">9</span>Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts, saying, Execute true judgment, and shew mercy and compassions every man to his brother: <span class="ver">10</span>And oppress not the widow, nor the fatherless, the stranM
ger, nor the poor; and let none of you imagine evil against his brother in your heart. <span class="ver">11</span>But they refused to hearken, and pulled away the shoulder, and stopped their ears, that they should not hear. <span class="ver">12</span>Yea, they made their hearts as an adamant stone, lest they should hear the law, and the words which the LORD of hosts hath sent in his spirit by the former prophets: therefore came a great wrath from the LORD of hosts. <span class="ver">13</span>Therefore it is come toM
pass, that as he cried, and they would not hear; so they cried, and I would not hear, saith the LORD of hosts: <span class="ver">14</span>But I scattered them with a whirlwind among all the nations whom they knew not. Thus the land was desolate after them, that no man passed through nor returned: for they laid the pleasant land desolate.
<h2 id="c8">Chapter 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Again the word of the LORD of hosts came to me, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts; I wasM
jealous for Zion with great jealousy, and I was jealous for her with great fury. <span class="ver">3</span>Thus saith the LORD; I am returned unto Zion, and will dwell in the midst of Jerusalem: and Jerusalem shall be called a city of truth; and the mountain of the LORD of hosts the holy mountain. <span class="ver">4</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts; There shall yet old men and old women dwell in the streets of Jerusalem, and every man with his staff in his hand for very age. <span class="ver">5</span>And the stM
reets of the city shall be full of boys and girls playing in the streets thereof. <span class="ver">6</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts; If it be marvellous in the eyes of the remnant of this people in these days, should it also be marvellous in mine eyes? saith the LORD of hosts. <span class="ver">7</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Behold, I will save my people from the east country, and from the west country; <span class="ver">8</span>And I will bring them, and they shall dwell in the midst of Jerusalem: and M
they shall be my people, and I will be their God, in truth and in righteousness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Let your hands be strong, ye that hear in these days these words by the mouth of the prophets, which were in the day that the foundation of the house of the LORD of hosts was laid, that the temple might be built. <span class="ver">10</span>For before these days there was no hire for man, nor any hire for beast; neither was there any peace to him that went out or came in M
because of the affliction: for I set all men every one against his neighbour. <span class="ver">11</span>But now I will not be unto the residue of this people as in the former days, saith the LORD of hosts. <span class="ver">12</span>For the seed shall be prosperous; the vine shall give her fruit, and the ground shall give her increase, and the heavens shall give their dew; and I will cause the remnant of this people to possess all these things. <span class="ver">13</span>And it shall come to pass, that as ye were M
a curse among the heathen, O house of Judah, and house of Israel; so will I save you, and ye shall be a blessing: fear not, but let your hands be strong. <span class="ver">14</span>For thus saith the LORD of hosts; As I thought to punish you, when your fathers provoked me to wrath, saith the LORD of hosts, and I repented not: <span class="ver">15</span>So again have I thought in these days to do well unto Jerusalem and to the house of Judah: fear ye not. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>These are the things thaM
t ye shall do; Speak ye every man the truth to his neighbour; execute the judgment of truth and peace in your gates: <span class="ver">17</span>And let none of you imagine evil in your hearts against his neighbour; and love no false oath: for all these are things that I hate, saith the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And the word of the LORD of hosts came unto me, saying, <span class="ver">19</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts; The fast of the fourth month, and the fast of the fifth, and the fast of the M
seventh, and the fast of the tenth, shall be to the house of Judah joy and gladness, and cheerful feasts; therefore love the truth and peace. <span class="ver">20</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts; It shall yet come to pass, that there shall come people, and the inhabitants of many cities: <span class="ver">21</span>And the inhabitants of one city shall go to another, saying, Let us go speedily to pray before the LORD, and to seek the LORD of hosts: I will go also. <span class="ver">22</span>Yea, many people and sM
trong nations shall come to seek the LORD of hosts in Jerusalem, and to pray before the LORD. <span class="ver">23</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts; In those days it shall come to pass, that ten men shall take hold out of all languages of the nations, even shall take hold of the skirt of him that is a Jew, saying, We will go with you: for we have heard that God is with you.
<h2 id="c9">Chapter 9</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The burden of the word of the LORD in the land of Hadrach, and Damascus shall bM
e the rest thereof: when the eyes of man, as of all the tribes of Israel, shall be toward the LORD. <span class="ver">2</span>And Hamath also shall border thereby; Tyrus, and Zidon, though it be very wise. <span class="ver">3</span>And Tyrus did build herself a strong hold, and heaped up silver as the dust, and fine gold as the mire of the streets. <span class="ver">4</span>Behold, the Lord will cast her out, and he will smite her power in the sea; and she shall be devoured with fire. <span class="ver">5</span>AshkM
elon shall see it, and fear; Gaza also shall see it, and be very sorrowful, and Ekron; for her expectation shall be ashamed; and the king shall perish from Gaza, and Ashkelon shall not be inhabited. <span class="ver">6</span>And a bastard shall dwell in Ashdod, and I will cut off the pride of the Philistines. <span class="ver">7</span>And I will take away his blood out of his mouth, and his abominations from between his teeth: but he that remaineth, even he, shall be for our God, and he shall be as a governor in JuM
dah, and Ekron as a Jebusite. <span class="ver">8</span>And I will encamp about mine house because of the army, because of him that passeth by, and because of him that returneth: and no oppressor shall pass through them any more: for now have I seen with mine eyes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion; shout, O daughter of Jerusalem: behold, thy King cometh unto thee: he is just, and having salvation; lowly, and riding upon an ass, and upon a colt the foal of an ass. <span class="M
ver">10</span>And I will cut off the chariot from Ephraim, and the horse from Jerusalem, and the battle bow shall be cut off: and he shall speak peace unto the heathen: and his dominion shall be from sea even to sea, and from the river even to the ends of the earth. <span class="ver">11</span>As for thee also, by the blood of thy covenant I have sent forth thy prisoners out of the pit wherein is no water. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Turn you to the strong hold, ye prisoners of hope: even to day do I declarM
e that I will render double unto thee; <span class="ver">13</span>When I have bent Judah for me, filled the bow with Ephraim, and raised up thy sons, O Zion, against thy sons, O Greece, and made thee as the sword of a mighty man. <span class="ver">14</span>And the LORD shall be seen over them, and his arrow shall go forth as the lightning: and the Lord GOD shall blow the trumpet, and shall go with whirlwinds of the south. <span class="ver">15</span>The LORD of hosts shall defend them; and they shall devour, and subM
due with sling stones; and they shall drink, and make a noise as through wine; and they shall be filled like bowls, and as the corners of the altar. <span class="ver">16</span>And the LORD their God shall save them in that day as the flock of his people: for they shall be as the stones of a crown, lifted up as an ensign upon his land. <span class="ver">17</span>For how great is his goodness, and how great is his beauty! corn shall make the young men cheerful, and new wine the maids.
<h2 id="c10">Chapter 10</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Ask ye of the LORD rain in the time of the latter rain; so the LORD shall make bright clouds, and give them showers of rain, to every one grass in the field. <span class="ver">2</span>For the idols have spoken vanity, and the diviners have seen a lie, and have told false dreams; they comfort in vain: therefore they went their way as a flock, they were troubled, because there was no shepherd. <span class="ver">3</span>Mine anger was kindled against the shepherds, and I punished the goM
ats: for the LORD of hosts hath visited his flock the house of Judah, and hath made them as his goodly horse in the battle. <span class="ver">4</span>Out of him came forth the corner, out of him the nail, out of him the battle bow, out of him every oppressor together. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>And they shall be as mighty men, which tread down their enemies in the mire of the streets in the battle: and they shall fight, because the LORD is with them, and the riders on horses shall be confounded. <span clasM
s="ver">6</span>And I will strengthen the house of Judah, and I will save the house of Joseph, and I will bring them again to place them; for I have mercy upon them: and they shall be as though I had not cast them off: for I am the LORD their God, and will hear them. <span class="ver">7</span>And they of Ephraim shall be like a mighty man, and their heart shall rejoice as through wine: yea, their children shall see it, and be glad; their heart shall rejoice in the LORD. <span class="ver">8</span>I will hiss for theM
m, and gather them; for I have redeemed them: and they shall increase as they have increased. <span class="ver">9</span>And I will sow them among the people: and they shall remember me in far countries; and they shall live with their children, and turn again. <span class="ver">10</span>I will bring them again also out of the land of Egypt, and gather them out of Assyria; and I will bring them into the land of Gilead and Lebanon; and place shall not be found for them. <span class="ver">11</span>And he shall pass thrM
ough the sea with affliction, and shall smite the waves in the sea, and all the deeps of the river shall dry up: and the pride of Assyria shall be brought down, and the sceptre of Egypt shall depart away. <span class="ver">12</span>And I will strengthen them in the LORD; and they shall walk up and down in his name, saith the LORD.
<h2 id="c11">Chapter 11</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Open thy doors, O Lebanon, that the fire may devour thy cedars. <span class="ver">2</span>Howl, fir tree; for the cedar is M
fallen; because the mighty are spoiled: howl, O ye oaks of Bashan; for the forest of the vintage is come down. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>There is a voice of the howling of the shepherds; for their glory is spoiled: a voice of the roaring of young lions; for the pride of Jordan is spoiled. <span class="ver">4</span>Thus saith the LORD my God; Feed the flock of the slaughter; <span class="ver">5</span>Whose possessors slay them, and hold themselves not guilty: and they that sell them say, Blessed be the LORM
D; for I am rich: and their own shepherds pity them not. <span class="ver">6</span>For I will no more pity the inhabitants of the land, saith the LORD: but, lo, I will deliver the men every one into his neighbour
s hand, and into the hand of his king: and they shall smite the land, and out of their hand I will not deliver them. <span class="ver">7</span>And I will feed the flock of slaughter, even you, O poor of the flock. And I took unto me two staves; the one I called Beauty, and the other I called Bands; and IM
fed the flock. <span class="ver">8</span>Three shepherds also I cut off in one month; and my soul lothed them, and their soul also abhorred me. <span class="ver">9</span>Then said I, I will not feed you: that that dieth, let it die; and that that is to be cut off, let it be cut off; and let the rest eat every one the flesh of another. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And I took my staff, even Beauty, and cut it asunder, that I might break my covenant which I had made with all the people. <span class="ver">11</M
span>And it was broken in that day: and so the poor of the flock that waited upon me knew that it was the word of the LORD. <span class="ver">12</span>And I said unto them, If ye think good, give me my price; and if not, forbear. So they weighed for my price thirty pieces of silver. <span class="ver">13</span>And the LORD said unto me, Cast it unto the potter: a goodly price that I was prised at of them. And I took the thirty pieces of silver, and cast them to the potter in the house of the LORD. <span class="ver">M
14</span>Then I cut asunder mine other staff, even Bands, that I might break the brotherhood between Judah and Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And the LORD said unto me, Take unto thee yet the instruments of a foolish shepherd. <span class="ver">16</span>For, lo, I will raise up a shepherd in the land, which shall not visit those that be cut off, neither shall seek the young one, nor heal that that is broken, nor feed that that standeth still: but he shall eat the flesh of the fat, and tear their clawsM
in pieces. <span class="ver">17</span>Woe to the idol shepherd that leaveth the flock! the sword shall be upon his arm, and upon his right eye: his arm shall be clean dried up, and his right eye shall be utterly darkened.
<h2 id="c12">Chapter 12</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The burden of the word of the LORD for Israel, saith the LORD, which stretcheth forth the heavens, and layeth the foundation of the earth, and formeth the spirit of man within him. <span class="ver">2</span>Behold, I will make JerusaM
lem a cup of trembling unto all the people round about, when they shall be in the siege both against Judah and against Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And in that day will I make Jerusalem a burdensome stone for all people: all that burden themselves with it shall be cut in pieces, though all the people of the earth be gathered together against it. <span class="ver">4</span>In that day, saith the LORD, I will smite every horse with astonishment, and his rider with madness: and I will open mine eyes uM
pon the house of Judah, and will smite every horse of the people with blindness. <span class="ver">5</span>And the governors of Judah shall say in their heart, The inhabitants of Jerusalem shall be my strength in the LORD of hosts their God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>In that day will I make the governors of Judah like an hearth of fire among the wood, and like a torch of fire in a sheaf; and they shall devour all the people round about, on the right hand and on the left: and Jerusalem shall be inhabited aM
gain in her own place, even in Jerusalem. <span class="ver">7</span>The LORD also shall save the tents of Judah first, that the glory of the house of David and the glory of the inhabitants of Jerusalem do not magnify themselves against Judah. <span class="ver">8</span>In that day shall the LORD defend the inhabitants of Jerusalem; and he that is feeble among them at that day shall be as David; and the house of David shall be as God, as the angel of the LORD before them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And it shM
all come to pass in that day, that I will seek to destroy all the nations that come against Jerusalem. <span class="ver">10</span>And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplications: and they shall look upon me whom they have pierced, and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his firstborn. <span class="ver">11</span>In that day shall there be a great mourniM
ng in Jerusalem, as the mourning of Hadadrimmon in the valley of Megiddon. <span class="ver">12</span>And the land shall mourn, every family apart; the family of the house of David apart, and their wives apart; the family of the house of Nathan apart, and their wives apart; <span class="ver">13</span>The family of the house of Levi apart, and their wives apart; the family of Shimei apart, and their wives apart; <span class="ver">14</span>All the families that remain, every family apart, and their wives apart.
2 id="c13">Chapter 13</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In that day there shall be a fountain opened to the house of David and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem for sin and for uncleanness. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>And it shall come to pass in that day, saith the LORD of hosts, that I will cut off the names of the idols out of the land, and they shall no more be remembered: and also I will cause the prophets and the unclean spirit to pass out of the land. <span class="ver">3</span>And it shall come to pM
ass, that when any shall yet prophesy, then his father and his mother that begat him shall say unto him, Thou shalt not live; for thou speakest lies in the name of the LORD: and his father and his mother that begat him shall thrust him through when he prophesieth. <span class="ver">4</span>And it shall come to pass in that day, that the prophets shall be ashamed every one of his vision, when he hath prophesied; neither shall they wear a rough garment to deceive: <span class="ver">5</span>But he shall say, I am no pM
rophet, I am an husbandman; for man taught me to keep cattle from my youth. <span class="ver">6</span>And one shall say unto him, What are these wounds in thine hands? Then he shall answer, Those with which I was wounded in the house of my friends. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Awake, O sword, against my shepherd, and against the man that is my fellow, saith the LORD of hosts: smite the shepherd, and the sheep shall be scattered: and I will turn mine hand upon the little ones. <span class="ver">8</span>And itM
shall come to pass, that in all the land, saith the LORD, two parts therein shall be cut off and die; but the third shall be left therein. <span class="ver">9</span>And I will bring the third part through the fire, and will refine them as silver is refined, and will try them as gold is tried: they shall call on my name, and I will hear them: I will say, It is my people: and they shall say, The LORD is my God.
<h2 id="c14">Chapter 14</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Behold, the day of the LORD cometh, and thM
y spoil shall be divided in the midst of thee. <span class="ver">2</span>For I will gather all nations against Jerusalem to battle; and the city shall be taken, and the houses rifled, and the women ravished; and half of the city shall go forth into captivity, and the residue of the people shall not be cut off from the city. <span class="ver">3</span>Then shall the LORD go forth, and fight against those nations, as when he fought in the day of battle. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And his feet shall stand in tM
hat day upon the mount of Olives, which is before Jerusalem on the east, and the mount of Olives shall cleave in the midst thereof toward the east and toward the west, and there shall be a very great valley; and half of the mountain shall remove toward the north, and half of it toward the south. <span class="ver">5</span>And ye shall flee to the valley of the mountains; for the valley of the mountains shall reach unto Azal: yea, ye shall flee, like as ye fled from before the earthquake in the days of Uzziah king ofM
Judah: and the LORD my God shall come, and all the saints with thee. <span class="ver">6</span>And it shall come to pass in that day, that the light shall not be clear, nor dark: <span class="ver">7</span>But it shall be one day which shall be known to the LORD, not day, nor night: but it shall come to pass, that at evening time it shall be light. <span class="ver">8</span>And it shall be in that day, that living waters shall go out from Jerusalem; half of them toward the former sea, and half of them toward the hiM
nder sea: in summer and in winter shall it be. <span class="ver">9</span>And the LORD shall be king over all the earth: in that day shall there be one LORD, and his name one. <span class="ver">10</span>All the land shall be turned as a plain from Geba to Rimmon south of Jerusalem: and it shall be lifted up, and inhabited in her place, from Benjamin
s gate unto the place of the first gate, unto the corner gate, and from the tower of Hananeel unto the king
s winepresses. <span class="ver">11</span>And men shall dM
well in it, and there shall be no more utter destruction; but Jerusalem shall be safely inhabited. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And this shall be the plague wherewith the LORD will smite all the people that have fought against Jerusalem; Their flesh shall consume away while they stand upon their feet, and their eyes shall consume away in their holes, and their tongue shall consume away in their mouth. <span class="ver">13</span>And it shall come to pass in that day, that a great tumult from the LORD shall bM
e among them; and they shall lay hold every one on the hand of his neighbour, and his hand shall rise up against the hand of his neighbour. <span class="ver">14</span>And Judah also shall fight at Jerusalem; and the wealth of all the heathen round about shall be gathered together, gold, and silver, and apparel, in great abundance. <span class="ver">15</span>And so shall be the plague of the horse, of the mule, of the camel, and of the ass, and of all the beasts that shall be in these tents, as this plague. </p>
p><span class="ver">16</span>And it shall come to pass, that every one that is left of all the nations which came against Jerusalem shall even go up from year to year to worship the King, the LORD of hosts, and to keep the feast of tabernacles. <span class="ver">17</span>And it shall be, that whoso will not come up of all the families of the earth unto Jerusalem to worship the King, the LORD of hosts, even upon them shall be no rain. <span class="ver">18</span>And if the family of Egypt go not up, and come not, thaM
t have no rain; there shall be the plague, wherewith the LORD will smite the heathen that come not up to keep the feast of tabernacles. <span class="ver">19</span>This shall be the punishment of Egypt, and the punishment of all nations that come not up to keep the feast of tabernacles. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>In that day shall there be upon the bells of the horses, HOLINESS UNTO THE LORD; and the pots in the LORD
s house shall be like the bowls before the altar. <span class="ver">21</span>Yea, every Mo
pot in Jerusalem and in Judah shall be holiness unto the LORD of hosts: and all they that sacrifice shall come and take of them, and seethe therein: and in that day there shall be no more the Canaanite in the house of the LORD of hosts. </p>
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<title>LAMENTATIONS</title>
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<span>OF JEREMIAH</span>
<div class="content-table">
<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>How doth the city sit solitary, that was full of people! how is she become as a widow! she that was great among the nations, and princess among the provinces, how is she become tributary! <span class="ver">2</span>She weepeth sore in the night, and her tears aM
re on her cheeks: among all her lovers she hath none to comfort her: all her friends have dealt treacherously with her, they are become her enemies. <span class="ver">3</span>Judah is gone into captivity because of affliction, and because of great servitude: she dwelleth among the heathen, she findeth no rest: all her persecutors overtook her between the straits. <span class="ver">4</span>The ways of Zion do mourn, because none come to the solemn feasts: all her gates are desolate: her priests sigh, her virgins areM
afflicted, and she is in bitterness. <span class="ver">5</span>Her adversaries are the chief, her enemies prosper; for the LORD hath afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions: her children are gone into captivity before the enemy. <span class="ver">6</span>And from the daughter of Zion all her beauty is departed: her princes are become like harts that find no pasture, and they are gone without strength before the pursuer. <span class="ver">7</span>Jerusalem remembered in the days of her affliction and M
of her miseries all her pleasant things that she had in the days of old, when her people fell into the hand of the enemy, and none did help her: the adversaries saw her, and did mock at her sabbaths. <span class="ver">8</span>Jerusalem hath grievously sinned; therefore she is removed: all that honoured her despise her, because they have seen her nakedness: yea, she sigheth, and turneth backward. <span class="ver">9</span>Her filthiness is in her skirts; she remembereth not her last end; therefore she came down wondM
erfully: she had no comforter. O LORD, behold my affliction: for the enemy hath magnified himself. <span class="ver">10</span>The adversary hath spread out his hand upon all her pleasant things: for she hath seen that the heathen entered into her sanctuary, whom thou didst command that they should not enter into thy congregation. <span class="ver">11</span>All her people sigh, they seek bread; they have given their pleasant things for meat to relieve the soul: see, O LORD, and consider; for I am become vile. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Is it nothing to you, all ye that pass by? behold, and see if there be any sorrow like unto my sorrow, which is done unto me, wherewith the LORD hath afflicted me in the day of his fierce anger. <span class="ver">13</span>From above hath he sent fire into my bones, and it prevaileth against them: he hath spread a net for my feet, he hath turned me back: he hath made me desolate and faint all the day. <span class="ver">14</span>The yoke of my transgressions is bound by his hand: they aM
re wreathed, and come up upon my neck: he hath made my strength to fall, the Lord hath delivered me into their hands, from whom I am not able to rise up. <span class="ver">15</span>The Lord hath trodden under foot all my mighty men in the midst of me: he hath called an assembly against me to crush my young men: the Lord hath trodden the virgin, the daughter of Judah, as in a winepress. <span class="ver">16</span>For these things I weep; mine eye, mine eye runneth down with water, because the comforter that should rM
elieve my soul is far from me: my children are desolate, because the enemy prevailed. <span class="ver">17</span>Zion spreadeth forth her hands, and there is none to comfort her: the LORD hath commanded concerning Jacob, that his adversaries should be round about him: Jerusalem is as a menstruous woman among them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>The LORD is righteous; for I have rebelled against his commandment: hear, I pray you, all people, and behold my sorrow: my virgins and my young men are gone into captiM
vity. <span class="ver">19</span>I called for my lovers, but they deceived me: my priests and mine elders gave up the ghost in the city, while they sought their meat to relieve their souls. <span class="ver">20</span>Behold, O LORD; for I am in distress: my bowels are troubled; mine heart is turned within me; for I have grievously rebelled: abroad the sword bereaveth, at home there is as death. <span class="ver">21</span>They have heard that I sigh: there is none to comfort me: all mine enemies have heard of my troM
uble; they are glad that thou hast done it: thou wilt bring the day that thou hast called, and they shall be like unto me. <span class="ver">22</span>Let all their wickedness come before thee; and do unto them, as thou hast done unto me for all my transgressions: for my sighs are many, and my heart is faint.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>How hath the Lord covered the daughter of Zion with a cloud in his anger, and cast down from heaven unto the earth the beauty of Israel, and remembeM
red not his footstool in the day of his anger! <span class="ver">2</span>The Lord hath swallowed up all the habitations of Jacob, and hath not pitied: he hath thrown down in his wrath the strong holds of the daughter of Judah; he hath brought them down to the ground: he hath polluted the kingdom and the princes thereof. <span class="ver">3</span>He hath cut off in his fierce anger all the horn of Israel: he hath drawn back his right hand from before the enemy, and he burned against Jacob like a flaming fire, which M
devoureth round about. <span class="ver">4</span>He hath bent his bow like an enemy: he stood with his right hand as an adversary, and slew all that were pleasant to the eye in the tabernacle of the daughter of Zion: he poured out his fury like fire. <span class="ver">5</span>The Lord was as an enemy: he hath swallowed up Israel, he hath swallowed up all her palaces: he hath destroyed his strong holds, and hath increased in the daughter of Judah mourning and lamentation. <span class="ver">6</span>And he hath violenM
tly taken away his tabernacle, as if it were of a garden: he hath destroyed his places of the assembly: the LORD hath caused the solemn feasts and sabbaths to be forgotten in Zion, and hath despised in the indignation of his anger the king and the priest. <span class="ver">7</span>The Lord hath cast off his altar, he hath abhorred his sanctuary, he hath given up into the hand of the enemy the walls of her palaces; they have made a noise in the house of the LORD, as in the day of a solemn feast. <span class="ver">8<M
/span>The LORD hath purposed to destroy the wall of the daughter of Zion: he hath stretched out a line, he hath not withdrawn his hand from destroying: therefore he made the rampart and the wall to lament; they languished together. <span class="ver">9</span>Her gates are sunk into the ground; he hath destroyed and broken her bars: her king and her princes are among the Gentiles: the law is no more; her prophets also find no vision from the LORD. <span class="ver">10</span>The elders of the daughter of Zion sit uponM
the ground, and keep silence: they have cast up dust upon their heads; they have girded themselves with sackcloth: the virgins of Jerusalem hang down their heads to the ground. <span class="ver">11</span>Mine eyes do fail with tears, my bowels are troubled, my liver is poured upon the earth, for the destruction of the daughter of my people; because the children and the sucklings swoon in the streets of the city. <span class="ver">12</span>They say to their mothers, Where is corn and wine? when they swooned as the M
wounded in the streets of the city, when their soul was poured out into their mothers
bosom. <span class="ver">13</span>What thing shall I take to witness for thee? what thing shall I liken to thee, O daughter of Jerusalem? what shall I equal to thee, that I may comfort thee, O virgin daughter of Zion? for thy breach is great like the sea: who can heal thee? <span class="ver">14</span>Thy prophets have seen vain and foolish things for thee: and they have not discovered thine iniquity, to turn away thy captivity;M
but have seen for thee false burdens and causes of banishment. <span class="ver">15</span>All that pass by clap their hands at thee; they hiss and wag their head at the daughter of Jerusalem, saying, Is this the city that men call The perfection of beauty, The joy of the whole earth? <span class="ver">16</span>All thine enemies have opened their mouth against thee: they hiss and gnash the teeth: they say, We have swallowed her up: certainly this is the day that we looked for; we have found, we have seen it. <span M
class="ver">17</span>The LORD hath done that which he had devised; he hath fulfilled his word that he had commanded in the days of old: he hath thrown down, and hath not pitied: and he hath caused thine enemy to rejoice over thee, he hath set up the horn of thine adversaries. <span class="ver">18</span>Their heart cried unto the Lord, O wall of the daughter of Zion, let tears run down like a river day and night: give thyself no rest; let not the apple of thine eye cease. <span class="ver">19</span>Arise, cry out inM
the night: in the beginning of the watches pour out thine heart like water before the face of the Lord: lift up thy hands toward him for the life of thy young children, that faint for hunger in the top of every street. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>Behold, O LORD, and consider to whom thou hast done this. Shall the women eat their fruit, and children of a span long? shall the priest and the prophet be slain in the sanctuary of the Lord? <span class="ver">21</span>The young and the old lie on the ground in tM
he streets: my virgins and my young men are fallen by the sword; thou hast slain them in the day of thine anger; thou hast killed, and not pitied. <span class="ver">22</span>Thou hast called as in a solemn day my terrors round about, so that in the day of the LORD
s anger none escaped nor remained: those that I have swaddled and brought up hath mine enemy consumed.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>I am the man that hath seen affliction by the rod of his wrath. <span class="ver">2</spaM
n>He hath led me, and brought me into darkness, but not into light. <span class="ver">3</span>Surely against me is he turned; he turneth his hand against me all the day. <span class="ver">4</span>My flesh and my skin hath he made old; he hath broken my bones. <span class="ver">5</span>He hath builded against me, and compassed me with gall and travail. <span class="ver">6</span>He hath set me in dark places, as they that be dead of old. <span class="ver">7</span>He hath hedged me about, that I cannot get out: he hatM
h made my chain heavy. <span class="ver">8</span>Also when I cry and shout, he shutteth out my prayer. <span class="ver">9</span>He hath inclosed my ways with hewn stone, he hath made my paths crooked. <span class="ver">10</span>He was unto me as a bear lying in wait, and as a lion in secret places. <span class="ver">11</span>He hath turned aside my ways, and pulled me in pieces: he hath made me desolate. <span class="ver">12</span>He hath bent his bow, and set me as a mark for the arrow. <span class="ver">13</spanM
>He hath caused the arrows of his quiver to enter into my reins. <span class="ver">14</span>I was a derision to all my people; and their song all the day. <span class="ver">15</span>He hath filled me with bitterness, he hath made me drunken with wormwood. <span class="ver">16</span>He hath also broken my teeth with gravel stones, he hath covered me with ashes. <span class="ver">17</span>And thou hast removed my soul far off from peace: I forgat prosperity. <span class="ver">18</span>And I said, My strength and my hM
ope is perished from the LORD: <span class="ver">19</span>Remembering mine affliction and my misery, the wormwood and the gall. <span class="ver">20</span>My soul hath them still in remembrance, and is humbled in me. <span class="ver">21</span>This I recall to my mind, therefore have I hope. </p>
<p><span class="ver">22</span>It is of the LORD
s mercies that we are not consumed, because his compassions fail not. <span class="ver">23</span>They are new every morning: great is thy faithfulness. <span class="ver">M
24</span>The LORD is my portion, saith my soul; therefore will I hope in him. <span class="ver">25</span>The LORD is good unto them that wait for him, to the soul that seeketh him. <span class="ver">26</span>It is good that a man should both hope and quietly wait for the salvation of the LORD. <span class="ver">27</span>It is good for a man that he bear the yoke in his youth. <span class="ver">28</span>He sitteth alone and keepeth silence, because he hath borne it upon him. <span class="ver">29</span>He putteth hisM
mouth in the dust; if so be there may be hope. <span class="ver">30</span>He giveth his cheek to him that smiteth him: he is filled full with reproach. <span class="ver">31</span>For the Lord will not cast off for ever: <span class="ver">32</span>But though he cause grief, yet will he have compassion according to the multitude of his mercies. <span class="ver">33</span>For he doth not afflict willingly nor grieve the children of men. <span class="ver">34</span>To crush under his feet all the prisoners of the earthM
, <span class="ver">35</span>To turn aside the right of a man before the face of the most High, <span class="ver">36</span>To subvert a man in his cause, the Lord approveth not. </p>
<p><span class="ver">37</span>Who is he that saith, and it cometh to pass, when the Lord commandeth it not? <span class="ver">38</span>Out of the mouth of the most High proceedeth not evil and good? <span class="ver">39</span>Wherefore doth a living man complain, a man for the punishment of his sins? <span class="ver">40</span>Let usM
search and try our ways, and turn again to the LORD. <span class="ver">41</span>Let us lift up our heart with our hands unto God in the heavens. <span class="ver">42</span>We have transgressed and have rebelled: thou hast not pardoned. <span class="ver">43</span>Thou hast covered with anger, and persecuted us: thou hast slain, thou hast not pitied. <span class="ver">44</span>Thou hast covered thyself with a cloud, that our prayer should not pass through. <span class="ver">45</span>Thou hast made us as the offscourM
ing and refuse in the midst of the people. <span class="ver">46</span>All our enemies have opened their mouths against us. <span class="ver">47</span>Fear and a snare is come upon us, desolation and destruction. <span class="ver">48</span>Mine eye runneth down with rivers of water for the destruction of the daughter of my people. <span class="ver">49</span>Mine eye trickleth down, and ceaseth not, without any intermission, <span class="ver">50</span>Till the LORD look down, and behold from heaven. <span class="ver"M
>51</span>Mine eye affecteth mine heart because of all the daughters of my city. <span class="ver">52</span>Mine enemies chased me sore, like a bird, without cause. <span class="ver">53</span>They have cut off my life in the dungeon, and cast a stone upon me. <span class="ver">54</span>Waters flowed over mine head; then I said, I am cut off. </p>
<p><span class="ver">55</span>I called upon thy name, O LORD, out of the low dungeon. <span class="ver">56</span>Thou hast heard my voice: hide not thine ear at my breatM
hing, at my cry. <span class="ver">57</span>Thou drewest near in the day that I called upon thee: thou saidst, Fear not. <span class="ver">58</span>O Lord, thou hast pleaded the causes of my soul; thou hast redeemed my life. <span class="ver">59</span>O LORD, thou hast seen my wrong: judge thou my cause. <span class="ver">60</span>Thou hast seen all their vengeance and all their imaginations against me. <span class="ver">61</span>Thou hast heard their reproach, O LORD, and all their imaginations against me; <span cM
lass="ver">62</span>The lips of those that rose up against me, and their device against me all the day. <span class="ver">63</span>Behold their sitting down, and their rising up; I am their musick. </p>
<p><span class="ver">64</span>Render unto them a recompence, O LORD, according to the work of their hands. <span class="ver">65</span>Give them sorrow of heart, thy curse unto them. <span class="ver">66</span>Persecute and destroy them in anger from under the heavens of the LORD.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
p><span class="ver">1</span>How is the gold become dim! how is the most fine gold changed! the stones of the sanctuary are poured out in the top of every street. <span class="ver">2</span>The precious sons of Zion, comparable to fine gold, how are they esteemed as earthen pitchers, the work of the hands of the potter! <span class="ver">3</span>Even the sea monsters draw out the breast, they give suck to their young ones: the daughter of my people is become cruel, like the ostriches in the wilderness. <span class="vM
er">4</span>The tongue of the sucking child cleaveth to the roof of his mouth for thirst: the young children ask bread, and no man breaketh it unto them. <span class="ver">5</span>They that did feed delicately are desolate in the streets: they that were brought up in scarlet embrace dunghills. <span class="ver">6</span>For the punishment of the iniquity of the daughter of my people is greater than the punishment of the sin of Sodom, that was overthrown as in a moment, and no hands stayed on her. <span class="ver">7M
</span>Her Nazarites were purer than snow, they were whiter than milk, they were more ruddy in body than rubies, their polishing was of sapphire: <span class="ver">8</span>Their visage is blacker than a coal; they are not known in the streets: their skin cleaveth to their bones; it is withered, it is become like a stick. <span class="ver">9</span>They that be slain with the sword are better than they that be slain with hunger: for these pine away, stricken through for want of the fruits of the field. <span class="vM
er">10</span>The hands of the pitiful women have sodden their own children: they were their meat in the destruction of the daughter of my people. <span class="ver">11</span>The LORD hath accomplished his fury; he hath poured out his fierce anger, and hath kindled a fire in Zion, and it hath devoured the foundations thereof. <span class="ver">12</span>The kings of the earth, and all the inhabitants of the world, would not have believed that the adversary and the enemy should have entered into the gates of Jerusalem.M
<p><span class="ver">13</span>For the sins of her prophets, and the iniquities of her priests, that have shed the blood of the just in the midst of her, <span class="ver">14</span>They have wandered as blind men in the streets, they have polluted themselves with blood, so that men could not touch their garments. <span class="ver">15</span>They cried unto them, Depart ye; it is unclean; depart, depart, touch not: when they fled away and wandered, they said among the heathen, They shall no more sojourn there.M
<span class="ver">16</span>The anger of the LORD hath divided them; he will no more regard them: they respected not the persons of the priests, they favoured not the elders. <span class="ver">17</span>As for us, our eyes as yet failed for our vain help: in our watching we have watched for a nation that could not save us. <span class="ver">18</span>They hunt our steps, that we cannot go in our streets: our end is near, our days are fulfilled; for our end is come. <span class="ver">19</span>Our persecutors are swiftM
er than the eagles of the heaven: they pursued us upon the mountains, they laid wait for us in the wilderness. <span class="ver">20</span>The breath of our nostrils, the anointed of the LORD, was taken in their pits, of whom we said, Under his shadow we shall live among the heathen. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>Rejoice and be glad, O daughter of Edom, that dwellest in the land of Uz; the cup also shall pass through unto thee: thou shalt be drunken, and shalt make thyself naked. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2M
2</span>The punishment of thine iniquity is accomplished, O daughter of Zion; he will no more carry thee away into captivity: he will visit thine iniquity, O daughter of Edom; he will discover thy sins.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Remember, O LORD, what is come upon us: consider, and behold our reproach. <span class="ver">2</span>Our inheritance is turned to strangers, our houses to aliens. <span class="ver">3</span>We are orphans and fatherless, our mothers are as widows. <span clM
ass="ver">4</span>We have drunken our water for money; our wood is sold unto us. <span class="ver">5</span>Our necks are under persecution: we labour, and have no rest. <span class="ver">6</span>We have given the hand to the Egyptians, and to the Assyrians, to be satisfied with bread. <span class="ver">7</span>Our fathers have sinned, and are not; and we have borne their iniquities. <span class="ver">8</span>Servants have ruled over us: there is none that doth deliver us out of their hand. <span class="ver">9</spanM
>We gat our bread with the peril of our lives because of the sword of the wilderness. <span class="ver">10</span>Our skin was black like an oven because of the terrible famine. <span class="ver">11</span>They ravished the women in Zion, and the maids in the cities of Judah. <span class="ver">12</span>Princes are hanged up by their hand: the faces of elders were not honoured. <span class="ver">13</span>They took the young men to grind, and the children fell under the wood. <span class="ver">14</span>The elders have M
ceased from the gate, the young men from their musick. <span class="ver">15</span>The joy of our heart is ceased; our dance is turned into mourning. <span class="ver">16</span>The crown is fallen from our head: woe unto us, that we have sinned! <span class="ver">17</span>For this our heart is faint; for these things our eyes are dim. <span class="ver">18</span>Because of the mountain of Zion, which is desolate, the foxes walk upon it. <span class="ver">19</span>Thou, O LORD, remainest for ever; thy throne from geneM
ration to generation. <span class="ver">20</span>Wherefore dost thou forget us for ever, and forsake us so long time? <span class="ver">21</span>Turn thou us unto thee, O LORD, and we shall be turned; renew our days as of old. <span class="ver">22</span>But thou hast utterly rejected us; thou art very wroth against us. </p>
<p>Created by BitBible, 2023. Free to use and share for all purposes.</p>
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<title>JONAH</title>
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<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now the word of the LORD came unto Jonah the son of Amittai, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Arise, go to Nineveh, that great city, and cry against it; for their wickedness is come up before me. <span class="ver">3</span>But Jonah rose up to flee unto Tarshish from the presence of the LORD, and went down to Joppa; and he found a ship going to Tarshish: so he paid the fare thereof, aM
nd went down into it, to go with them unto Tarshish from the presence of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>But the LORD sent out a great wind into the sea, and there was a mighty tempest in the sea, so that the ship was like to be broken. <span class="ver">5</span>Then the mariners were afraid, and cried every man unto his god, and cast forth the wares that were in the ship into the sea, to lighten it of them. But Jonah was gone down into the sides of the ship; and he lay, and was fast asleep. <span claM
ss="ver">6</span>So the shipmaster came to him, and said unto him, What meanest thou, O sleeper? arise, call upon thy God, if so be that God will think upon us, that we perish not. <span class="ver">7</span>And they said every one to his fellow, Come, and let us cast lots, that we may know for whose cause this evil is upon us. So they cast lots, and the lot fell upon Jonah. <span class="ver">8</span>Then said they unto him, Tell us, we pray thee, for whose cause this evil is upon us; What is thine occupation? and wM
hence comest thou? what is thy country? and of what people art thou? <span class="ver">9</span>And he said unto them, I am an Hebrew; and I fear the LORD, the God of heaven, which hath made the sea and the dry land. <span class="ver">10</span>Then were the men exceedingly afraid, and said unto him, Why hast thou done this? For the men knew that he fled from the presence of the LORD, because he had told them. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Then said they unto him, What shall we do unto thee, that the sea may bM
e calm unto us? for the sea wrought, and was tempestuous. <span class="ver">12</span>And he said unto them, Take me up, and cast me forth into the sea; so shall the sea be calm unto you: for I know that for my sake this great tempest is upon you. <span class="ver">13</span>Nevertheless the men rowed hard to bring it to the land; but they could not: for the sea wrought, and was tempestuous against them. <span class="ver">14</span>Wherefore they cried unto the LORD, and said, We beseech thee, O LORD, we beseech thee,M
let us not perish for this man
s life, and lay not upon us innocent blood: for thou, O LORD, hast done as it pleased thee. <span class="ver">15</span>So they took up Jonah, and cast him forth into the sea: and the sea ceased from her raging. <span class="ver">16</span>Then the men feared the LORD exceedingly, and offered a sacrifice unto the LORD, and made vows. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>Now the LORD had prepared a great fish to swallow up Jonah. And Jonah was in the belly of the fish three days and tM
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then Jonah prayed unto the LORD his God out of the fish
s belly, <span class="ver">2</span>And said, I cried by reason of mine affliction unto the LORD, and he heard me; out of the belly of hell cried I, and thou heardest my voice. <span class="ver">3</span>For thou hadst cast me into the deep, in the midst of the seas; and the floods compassed me about: all thy billows and thy waves passed over me. <span class="ver">4</span>Then I said, IM
am cast out of thy sight; yet I will look again toward thy holy temple. <span class="ver">5</span>The waters compassed me about, even to the soul: the depth closed me round about, the weeds were wrapped about my head. <span class="ver">6</span>I went down to the bottoms of the mountains; the earth with her bars was about me for ever: yet hast thou brought up my life from corruption, O LORD my God. <span class="ver">7</span>When my soul fainted within me I remembered the LORD: and my prayer came in unto thee, into M
thine holy temple. <span class="ver">8</span>They that observe lying vanities forsake their own mercy. <span class="ver">9</span>But I will sacrifice unto thee with the voice of thanksgiving; I will pay that that I have vowed. Salvation is of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And the LORD spake unto the fish, and it vomited out Jonah upon the dry land.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the word of the LORD came unto Jonah the second time, saying, <span class="ver">2</spaM
n>Arise, go unto Nineveh, that great city, and preach unto it the preaching that I bid thee. <span class="ver">3</span>So Jonah arose, and went unto Nineveh, according to the word of the LORD. Now Nineveh was an exceeding great city of three days
journey. <span class="ver">4</span>And Jonah began to enter into the city a day
s journey, and he cried, and said, Yet forty days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>So the people of Nineveh believed God, and proclaimed a fast, and puM
t on sackcloth, from the greatest of them even to the least of them. <span class="ver">6</span>For word came unto the king of Nineveh, and he arose from his throne, and he laid his robe from him, and covered him with sackcloth, and sat in ashes. <span class="ver">7</span>And he caused it to be proclaimed and published through Nineveh by the decree of the king and his nobles, saying, Let neither man nor beast, herd nor flock, taste any thing: let them not feed, nor drink water: <span class="ver">8</span>But let man M
and beast be covered with sackcloth, and cry mightily unto God: yea, let them turn every one from his evil way, and from the violence that is in their hands. <span class="ver">9</span>Who can tell if God will turn and repent, and turn away from his fierce anger, that we perish not? </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>And God saw their works, that they turned from their evil way; and God repented of the evil, that he had said that he would do unto them; and he did it not.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
lass="ver">1</span>But it displeased Jonah exceedingly, and he was very angry. <span class="ver">2</span>And he prayed unto the LORD, and said, I pray thee, O LORD, was not this my saying, when I was yet in my country? Therefore I fled before unto Tarshish: for I knew that thou art a gracious God, and merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness, and repentest thee of the evil. <span class="ver">3</span>Therefore now, O LORD, take, I beseech thee, my life from me; for it is better for me to die than to live. </p>M
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Then said the LORD, Doest thou well to be angry? <span class="ver">5</span>So Jonah went out of the city, and sat on the east side of the city, and there made him a booth, and sat under it in the shadow, till he might see what would become of the city. <span class="ver">6</span>And the LORD God prepared a gourd, and made it to come up over Jonah, that it might be a shadow over his head, to deliver him from his grief. So Jonah was exceeding glad of the gourd. <span class="ver">7</spanM
>But God prepared a worm when the morning rose the next day, and it smote the gourd that it withered. <span class="ver">8</span>And it came to pass, when the sun did arise, that God prepared a vehement east wind; and the sun beat upon the head of Jonah, that he fainted, and wished in himself to die, and said, It is better for me to die than to live. <span class="ver">9</span>And God said to Jonah, Doest thou well to be angry for the gourd? And he said, I do well to be angry, even unto death. <span class="ver">10</sM
pan>Then said the LORD, Thou hast had pity on the gourd, for the which thou hast not laboured, neither madest it grow; which came up in a night, and perished in a night: <span class="ver">11</span>And should not I spare Nineveh, that great city, wherein are more than sixscore thousand persons that cannot discern between their right hand and their left hand; and also much cattle? </p>
<p>Created by BitBible, 2023. Free to use and share for all purposes.</p>
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<title>BOOK OF ESTHER</title>
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<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</aM
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="#c10">10</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now it came to pass in the days of Ahasuerus, (this is Ahasuerus which reigned, from India even unto Ethiopia, over an hundM
red and seven and twenty provinces:) <span class="ver">2</span>That in those days, when the king Ahasuerus sat on the throne of his kingdom, which was in Shushan the palace, <span class="ver">3</span>In the third year of his reign, he made a feast unto all his princes and his servants; the power of Persia and Media, the nobles and princes of the provinces, being before him: <span class="ver">4</span>When he shewed the riches of his glorious kingdom and the honour of his excellent majesty many days, even an hundred M
and fourscore days. <span class="ver">5</span>And when these days were expired, the king made a feast unto all the people that were present in Shushan the palace, both unto great and small, seven days, in the court of the garden of the king
s palace; <span class="ver">6</span>Where were white, green, and blue, hangings, fastened with cords of fine linen and purple to silver rings and pillars of marble: the beds were of gold and silver, upon a pavement of red, and blue, and white, and black, marble. <span class="vM
er">7</span>And they gave them drink in vessels of gold, (the vessels being diverse one from another,) and royal wine in abundance, according to the state of the king. <span class="ver">8</span>And the drinking was according to the law; none did compel: for so the king had appointed to all the officers of his house, that they should do according to every man
s pleasure. <span class="ver">9</span>Also Vashti the queen made a feast for the women in the royal house which belonged to king Ahasuerus. </p>
lass="ver">10</span>On the seventh day, when the heart of the king was merry with wine, he commanded Mehuman, Biztha, Harbona, Bigtha, and Abagtha, Zethar, and Carcas, the seven chamberlains that served in the presence of Ahasuerus the king, <span class="ver">11</span>To bring Vashti the queen before the king with the crown royal, to shew the people and the princes her beauty: for she was fair to look on. <span class="ver">12</span>But the queen Vashti refused to come at the king
s commandment by his chamberlainsM
: therefore was the king very wroth, and his anger burned in him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Then the king said to the wise men, which knew the times, (for so was the king
s manner toward all that knew law and judgment: <span class="ver">14</span>And the next unto him was Carshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, and Memucan, the seven princes of Persia and Media, which saw the king
s face, and which sat the first in the kingdom;) <span class="ver">15</span>What shall we do unto the queen M
Vashti according to law, because she hath not performed the commandment of the king Ahasuerus by the chamberlains? <span class="ver">16</span>And Memucan answered before the king and the princes, Vashti the queen hath not done wrong to the king only, but also to all the princes, and to all the people that are in all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus. <span class="ver">17</span>For this deed of the queen shall come abroad unto all women, so that they shall despise their husbands in their eyes, when it shall be repM
orted, The king Ahasuerus commanded Vashti the queen to be brought in before him, but she came not. <span class="ver">18</span>Likewise shall the ladies of Persia and Media say this day unto all the king
s princes, which have heard of the deed of the queen. Thus shall there arise too much contempt and wrath. <span class="ver">19</span>If it please the king, let there go a royal commandment from him, and let it be written among the laws of the Persians and the Medes, that it be not altered, That Vashti come no morM
e before king Ahasuerus; and let the king give her royal estate unto another that is better than she. <span class="ver">20</span>And when the king
s decree which he shall make shall be published throughout all his empire, (for it is great,) all the wives shall give to their husbands honour, both to great and small. <span class="ver">21</span>And the saying pleased the king and the princes; and the king did according to the word of Memucan: <span class="ver">22</span>For he sent letters into all the king
nces, into every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language, that every man should bear rule in his own house, and that it should be published according to the language of every people.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>After these things, when the wrath of king Ahasuerus was appeased, he remembered Vashti, and what she had done, and what was decreed against her. <span class="ver">2</span>Then said the king
s servants that ministered unto him, LM
et there be fair young virgins sought for the king: <span class="ver">3</span>And let the king appoint officers in all the provinces of his kingdom, that they may gather together all the fair young virgins unto Shushan the palace, to the house of the women, unto the custody of Hege the king
s chamberlain, keeper of the women; and let their things for purification be given them: <span class="ver">4</span>And let the maiden which pleaseth the king be queen instead of Vashti. And the thing pleased the king; and he dM
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Now in Shushan the palace there was a certain Jew, whose name was Mordecai, the son of Jair, the son of Shimei, the son of Kish, a Benjamite; <span class="ver">6</span>Who had been carried away from Jerusalem with the captivity which had been carried away with Jeconiah king of Judah, whom Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon had carried away. <span class="ver">7</span>And he brought up Hadassah, that is, Esther, his uncle
s daughter: for she had neither father nor mother, M
and the maid was fair and beautiful; whom Mordecai, when her father and mother were dead, took for his own daughter. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>So it came to pass, when the king
s commandment and his decree was heard, and when many maidens were gathered together unto Shushan the palace, to the custody of Hegai, that Esther was brought also unto the king
s house, to the custody of Hegai, keeper of the women. <span class="ver">9</span>And the maiden pleased him, and she obtained kindness of him; and he sM
peedily gave her her things for purification, with such things as belonged to her, and seven maidens, which were meet to be given her, out of the king
s house: and he preferred her and her maids unto the best place of the house of the women. <span class="ver">10</span>Esther had not shewed her people nor her kindred: for Mordecai had charged her that she should not shew it. <span class="ver">11</span>And Mordecai walked every day before the court of the women
s house, to know how Esther did, and what should becM
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Now when every maid
s turn was come to go in to king Ahasuerus, after that she had been twelve months, according to the manner of the women, (for so were the days of their purifications accomplished, to wit, six months with oil of myrrh, and six months with sweet odours, and with other things for the purifying of the women;) <span class="ver">13</span>Then thus came every maiden unto the king; whatsoever she desired was given her to go with her out of the house of M
the women unto the king
s house. <span class="ver">14</span>In the evening she went, and on the morrow she returned into the second house of the women, to the custody of Shaashgaz, the king
s chamberlain, which kept the concubines: she came in unto the king no more, except the king delighted in her, and that she were called by name. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Now when the turn of Esther, the daughter of Abihail the uncle of Mordecai, who had taken her for his daughter, was come to go in unto the king,M
she required nothing but what Hegai the king
s chamberlain, the keeper of the women, appointed. And Esther obtained favour in the sight of all them that looked upon her. <span class="ver">16</span>So Esther was taken unto king Ahasuerus into his house royal in the tenth month, which is the month Tebeth, in the seventh year of his reign. <span class="ver">17</span>And the king loved Esther above all the women, and she obtained grace and favour in his sight more than all the virgins; so that he set the royal crownM
upon her head, and made her queen instead of Vashti. <span class="ver">18</span>Then the king made a great feast unto all his princes and his servants, even Esther
s feast; and he made a release to the provinces, and gave gifts, according to the state of the king. <span class="ver">19</span>And when the virgins were gathered together the second time, then Mordecai sat in the king
s gate. <span class="ver">20</span>Esther had not yet shewed her kindred nor her people; as Mordecai had charged her: for Esther didM
the commandment of Mordecai, like as when she was brought up with him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>In those days, while Mordecai sat in the king
s gate, two of the king
s chamberlains, Bigthan and Teresh, of those which kept the door, were wroth, and sought to lay hand on the king Ahasuerus. <span class="ver">22</span>And the thing was known to Mordecai, who told it unto Esther the queen; and Esther certified the king thereof in Mordecai
s name. <span class="ver">23</span>And when inquisition was maM
de of the matter, it was found out; therefore they were both hanged on a tree: and it was written in the book of the chronicles before the king.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>After these things did king Ahasuerus promote Haman the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, and advanced him, and set his seat above all the princes that were with him. <span class="ver">2</span>And all the king
s servants, that were in the king
s gate, bowed, and reverenced Haman: for the king had so commanded cM
oncerning him. But Mordecai bowed not, nor did him reverence. <span class="ver">3</span>Then the king
s servants, which were in the king
s gate, said unto Mordecai, Why transgressest thou the king
s commandment? <span class="ver">4</span>Now it came to pass, when they spake daily unto him, and he hearkened not unto them, that they told Haman, to see whether Mordecai
s matters would stand: for he had told them that he was a Jew. <span class="ver">5</span>And when Haman saw that Mordecai bowed not, nor did hiM
m reverence, then was Haman full of wrath. <span class="ver">6</span>And he thought scorn to lay hands on Mordecai alone; for they had shewed him the people of Mordecai: wherefore Haman sought to destroy all the Jews that were throughout the whole kingdom of Ahasuerus, even the people of Mordecai. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>In the first month, that is, the month Nisan, in the twelfth year of king Ahasuerus, they cast Pur, that is, the lot, before Haman from day to day, and from month to month, to the twelfM
th month, that is, the month Adar. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And Haman said unto king Ahasuerus, There is a certain people scattered abroad and dispersed among the people in all the provinces of thy kingdom; and their laws are diverse from all people; neither keep they the king
s laws: therefore it is not for the king
s profit to suffer them. <span class="ver">9</span>If it please the king, let it be written that they may be destroyed: and I will pay ten thousand talents of silver to the hands of thosM
e that have the charge of the business, to bring it into the king
s treasuries. <span class="ver">10</span>And the king took his ring from his hand, and gave it unto Haman the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the Jews
enemy. <span class="ver">11</span>And the king said unto Haman, The silver is given to thee, the people also, to do with them as it seemeth good to thee. <span class="ver">12</span>Then were the king
s scribes called on the thirteenth day of the first month, and there was written according to allM
that Haman had commanded unto the king
s lieutenants, and to the governors that were over every province, and to the rulers of every people of every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language; in the name of king Ahasuerus was it written, and sealed with the king
s ring. <span class="ver">13</span>And the letters were sent by posts into all the king
s provinces, to destroy, to kill, and to cause to perish, all Jews, both young and old, little children and women, in onM
e day, even upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, and to take the spoil of them for a prey. <span class="ver">14</span>The copy of the writing for a commandment to be given in every province was published unto all people, that they should be ready against that day. <span class="ver">15</span>The posts went out, being hastened by the king
s commandment, and the decree was given in Shushan the palace. And the king and Haman sat down to drink; but the city Shushan was perplexed.
h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>When Mordecai perceived all that was done, Mordecai rent his clothes, and put on sackcloth with ashes, and went out into the midst of the city, and cried with a loud and a bitter cry; <span class="ver">2</span>And came even before the king
s gate: for none might enter into the king
s gate clothed with sackcloth. <span class="ver">3</span>And in every province, whithersoever the king
s commandment and his decree came, there was great mourning among the M
Jews, and fasting, and weeping, and wailing; and many lay in sackcloth and ashes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>So Esther
s maids and her chamberlains came and told it her. Then was the queen exceedingly grieved; and she sent raiment to clothe Mordecai, and to take away his sackcloth from him: but he received it not. <span class="ver">5</span>Then called Esther for Hatach, one of the king
s chamberlains, whom he had appointed to attend upon her, and gave him a commandment to Mordecai, to know what it was,M
and why it was. <span class="ver">6</span>So Hatach went forth to Mordecai unto the street of the city, which was before the king
s gate. <span class="ver">7</span>And Mordecai told him of all that had happened unto him, and of the sum of the money that Haman had promised to pay to the king
s treasuries for the Jews, to destroy them. <span class="ver">8</span>Also he gave him the copy of the writing of the decree that was given at Shushan to destroy them, to shew it unto Esther, and to declare it unto her, andM
to charge her that she should go in unto the king, to make supplication unto him, and to make request before him for her people. <span class="ver">9</span>And Hatach came and told Esther the words of Mordecai. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Again Esther spake unto Hatach, and gave him commandment unto Mordecai; <span class="ver">11</span>All the king
s servants, and the people of the king
s provinces, do know, that whosoever, whether man or woman, shall come unto the king into the inner court, who is notM
called, there is one law of his to put him to death, except such to whom the king shall hold out the golden sceptre, that he may live: but I have not been called to come in unto the king these thirty days. <span class="ver">12</span>And they told to Mordecai Esther
s words. <span class="ver">13</span>Then Mordecai commanded to answer Esther, Think not with thyself that thou shalt escape in the king
s house, more than all the Jews. <span class="ver">14</span>For if thou altogether holdest thy peace at this timeM
, then shall there enlargement and deliverance arise to the Jews from another place; but thou and thy father
s house shall be destroyed: and who knoweth whether thou art come to the kingdom for such a time as this? </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>Then Esther bade them return Mordecai this answer, <span class="ver">16</span>Go, gather together all the Jews that are present in Shushan, and fast ye for me, and neither eat nor drink three days, night or day: I also and my maidens will fast likewise; and so will M
I go in unto the king, which is not according to the law: and if I perish, I perish. <span class="ver">17</span>So Mordecai went his way, and did according to all that Esther had commanded him.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now it came to pass on the third day, that Esther put on her royal apparel, and stood in the inner court of the king
s house, over against the king
s house: and the king sat upon his royal throne in the royal house, over against the gate of the house. <span clM
ass="ver">2</span>And it was so, when the king saw Esther the queen standing in the court, that she obtained favour in his sight: and the king held out to Esther the golden sceptre that was in his hand. So Esther drew near, and touched the top of the sceptre. <span class="ver">3</span>Then said the king unto her, What wilt thou, queen Esther? and what is thy request? it shall be even given thee to the half of the kingdom. <span class="ver">4</span>And Esther answered, If it seem good unto the king, let the king andM
Haman come this day unto the banquet that I have prepared for him. <span class="ver">5</span>Then the king said, Cause Haman to make haste, that he may do as Esther hath said. So the king and Haman came to the banquet that Esther had prepared. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And the king said unto Esther at the banquet of wine, What is thy petition? and it shall be granted thee: and what is thy request? even to the half of the kingdom it shall be performed. <span class="ver">7</span>Then answered Esther, and sM
aid, My petition and my request is; <span class="ver">8</span>If I have found favour in the sight of the king, and if it please the king to grant my petition, and to perform my request, let the king and Haman come to the banquet that I shall prepare for them, and I will do to morrow as the king hath said. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Then went Haman forth that day joyful and with a glad heart: but when Haman saw Mordecai in the king
s gate, that he stood not up, nor moved for him, he was full of indignatioM
n against Mordecai. <span class="ver">10</span>Nevertheless Haman refrained himself: and when he came home, he sent and called for his friends, and Zeresh his wife. <span class="ver">11</span>And Haman told them of the glory of his riches, and the multitude of his children, and all the things wherein the king had promoted him, and how he had advanced him above the princes and servants of the king. <span class="ver">12</span>Haman said moreover, Yea, Esther the queen did let no man come in with the king unto the banM
quet that she had prepared but myself; and to morrow am I invited unto her also with the king. <span class="ver">13</span>Yet all this availeth me nothing, so long as I see Mordecai the Jew sitting at the king
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Then said Zeresh his wife and all his friends unto him, Let a gallows be made of fifty cubits high, and to morrow speak thou unto the king that Mordecai may be hanged thereon: then go thou in merrily with the king unto the banquet. And the thing pleased Haman; anM
d he caused the gallows to be made.
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>On that night could not the king sleep, and he commanded to bring the book of records of the chronicles; and they were read before the king. <span class="ver">2</span>And it was found written, that Mordecai had told of Bigthana and Teresh, two of the king
s chamberlains, the keepers of the door, who sought to lay hand on the king Ahasuerus. <span class="ver">3</span>And the king said, What honour and dignity hath beeM
n done to Mordecai for this? Then said the king
s servants that ministered unto him, There is nothing done for him. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And the king said, Who is in the court? Now Haman was come into the outward court of the king
s house, to speak unto the king to hang Mordecai on the gallows that he had prepared for him. <span class="ver">5</span>And the king
s servants said unto him, Behold, Haman standeth in the court. And the king said, Let him come in. <span class="ver">6</span>So Haman cM
ame in. And the king said unto him, What shall be done unto the man whom the king delighteth to honour? Now Haman thought in his heart, To whom would the king delight to do honour more than to myself? <span class="ver">7</span>And Haman answered the king, For the man whom the king delighteth to honour, <span class="ver">8</span>Let the royal apparel be brought which the king useth to wear, and the horse that the king rideth upon, and the crown royal which is set upon his head: <span class="ver">9</span>And let thisM
apparel and horse be delivered to the hand of one of the king
s most noble princes, that they may array the man withal whom the king delighteth to honour, and bring him on horseback through the street of the city, and proclaim before him, Thus shall it be done to the man whom the king delighteth to honour. <span class="ver">10</span>Then the king said to Haman, Make haste, and take the apparel and the horse, as thou hast said, and do even so to Mordecai the Jew, that sitteth at the king
s gate: let nothing faiM
l of all that thou hast spoken. <span class="ver">11</span>Then took Haman the apparel and the horse, and arrayed Mordecai, and brought him on horseback through the street of the city, and proclaimed before him, Thus shall it be done unto the man whom the king delighteth to honour. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>And Mordecai came again to the king
s gate. But Haman hasted to his house mourning, and having his head covered. <span class="ver">13</span>And Haman told Zeresh his wife and all his friends every tM
hing that had befallen him. Then said his wise men and Zeresh his wife unto him, If Mordecai be of the seed of the Jews, before whom thou hast begun to fall, thou shalt not prevail against him, but shalt surely fall before him. <span class="ver">14</span>And while they were yet talking with him, came the king
s chamberlains, and hasted to bring Haman unto the banquet that Esther had prepared.
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>So the king and Haman came to banquet with Esther the queen.M
<span class="ver">2</span>And the king said again unto Esther on the second day at the banquet of wine, What is thy petition, queen Esther? and it shall be granted thee: and what is thy request? and it shall be performed, even to the half of the kingdom. <span class="ver">3</span>Then Esther the queen answered and said, If I have found favour in thy sight, O king, and if it please the king, let my life be given me at my petition, and my people at my request: <span class="ver">4</span>For we are sold, I and my peopM
le, to be destroyed, to be slain, and to perish. But if we had been sold for bondmen and bondwomen, I had held my tongue, although the enemy could not countervail the king
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Then the king Ahasuerus answered and said unto Esther the queen, Who is he, and where is he, that durst presume in his heart to do so? <span class="ver">6</span>And Esther said, The adversary and enemy is this wicked Haman. Then Haman was afraid before the king and the queen. </p>
ver">7</span>And the king arising from the banquet of wine in his wrath went into the palace garden: and Haman stood up to make request for his life to Esther the queen; for he saw that there was evil determined against him by the king. <span class="ver">8</span>Then the king returned out of the palace garden into the place of the banquet of wine; and Haman was fallen upon the bed whereon Esther was. Then said the king, Will he force the queen also before me in the house? As the word went out of the king
s face. <span class="ver">9</span>And Harbonah, one of the chamberlains, said before the king, Behold also, the gallows fifty cubits high, which Haman had made for Mordecai, who had spoken good for the king, standeth in the house of Haman. Then the king said, Hang him thereon. <span class="ver">10</span>So they hanged Haman on the gallows that he had prepared for Mordecai. Then was the king
<h2 id="c8">Chapter 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>On that day did the kiM
ng Ahasuerus give the house of Haman the Jews
enemy unto Esther the queen. And Mordecai came before the king; for Esther had told what he was unto her. <span class="ver">2</span>And the king took off his ring, which he had taken from Haman, and gave it unto Mordecai. And Esther set Mordecai over the house of Haman. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And Esther spake yet again before the king, and fell down at his feet, and besought him with tears to put away the mischief of Haman the Agagite, and his device thaM
t he had devised against the Jews. <span class="ver">4</span>Then the king held out the golden sceptre toward Esther. So Esther arose, and stood before the king, <span class="ver">5</span>And said, If it please the king, and if I have found favour in his sight, and the thing seem right before the king, and I be pleasing in his eyes, let it be written to reverse the letters devised by Haman the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, which he wrote to destroy the Jews which are in all the king
s provinces: <span class="verM
">6</span>For how can I endure to see the evil that shall come unto my people? or how can I endure to see the destruction of my kindred? </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Then the king Ahasuerus said unto Esther the queen and to Mordecai the Jew, Behold, I have given Esther the house of Haman, and him they have hanged upon the gallows, because he laid his hand upon the Jews. <span class="ver">8</span>Write ye also for the Jews, as it liketh you, in the king
s name, and seal it with the king
iting which is written in the king
s name, and sealed with the king
s ring, may no man reverse. <span class="ver">9</span>Then were the king
s scribes called at that time in the third month, that is, the month Sivan, on the three and twentieth day thereof; and it was written according to all that Mordecai commanded unto the Jews, and to the lieutenants, and the deputies and rulers of the provinces which are from India unto Ethiopia, an hundred twenty and seven provinces, unto every province according to the wM
riting thereof, and unto every people after their language, and to the Jews according to their writing, and according to their language. <span class="ver">10</span>And he wrote in the king Ahasuerus
name, and sealed it with the king
s ring, and sent letters by posts on horseback, and riders on mules, camels, and young dromedaries: <span class="ver">11</span>Wherein the king granted the Jews which were in every city to gather themselves together, and to stand for their life, to destroy, to slay, and to cause toM
perish, all the power of the people and province that would assault them, both little ones and women, and to take the spoil of them for a prey, <span class="ver">12</span>Upon one day in all the provinces of king Ahasuerus, namely, upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar. <span class="ver">13</span>The copy of the writing for a commandment to be given in every province was published unto all people, and that the Jews should be ready against that day to avenge themselves on their enemiM
es. <span class="ver">14</span>So the posts that rode upon mules and camels went out, being hastened and pressed on by the king
s commandment. And the decree was given at Shushan the palace. </p>
<p><span class="ver">15</span>And Mordecai went out from the presence of the king in royal apparel of blue and white, and with a great crown of gold, and with a garment of fine linen and purple: and the city of Shushan rejoiced and was glad. <span class="ver">16</span>The Jews had light, and gladness, and joy, and honoM
ur. <span class="ver">17</span>And in every province, and in every city, whithersoever the king
s commandment and his decree came, the Jews had joy and gladness, a feast and a good day. And many of the people of the land became Jews; for the fear of the Jews fell upon them.
<h2 id="c9">Chapter 9</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now in the twelfth month, that is, the month Adar, on the thirteenth day of the same, when the king
s commandment and his decree drew near to be put in execution, in the day that M
the enemies of the Jews hoped to have power over them, (though it was turned to the contrary, that the Jews had rule over them that hated them;) <span class="ver">2</span>The Jews gathered themselves together in their cities throughout all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus, to lay hand on such as sought their hurt: and no man could withstand them; for the fear of them fell upon all people. <span class="ver">3</span>And all the rulers of the provinces, and the lieutenants, and the deputies, and officers of the kinM
g, helped the Jews; because the fear of Mordecai fell upon them. <span class="ver">4</span>For Mordecai was great in the king
s house, and his fame went out throughout all the provinces: for this man Mordecai waxed greater and greater. <span class="ver">5</span>Thus the Jews smote all their enemies with the stroke of the sword, and slaughter, and destruction, and did what they would unto those that hated them. <span class="ver">6</span>And in Shushan the palace the Jews slew and destroyed five hundred men. <span M
class="ver">7</span>And Parshandatha, and Dalphon, and Aspatha, <span class="ver">8</span>And Poratha, and Adalia, and Aridatha, <span class="ver">9</span>And Parmashta, and Arisai, and Aridai, and Vajezatha, <span class="ver">10</span>The ten sons of Haman the son of Hammedatha, the enemy of the Jews, slew they; but on the spoil laid they not their hand. <span class="ver">11</span>On that day the number of those that were slain in Shushan the palace was brought before the king. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</spanM
>And the king said unto Esther the queen, The Jews have slain and destroyed five hundred men in Shushan the palace, and the ten sons of Haman; what have they done in the rest of the king
s provinces? now what is thy petition? and it shall be granted thee: or what is thy request further? and it shall be done. <span class="ver">13</span>Then said Esther, If it please the king, let it be granted to the Jews which are in Shushan to do to morrow also according unto this day
s decree, and let Haman
nged upon the gallows. <span class="ver">14</span>And the king commanded it so to be done: and the decree was given at Shushan; and they hanged Haman
s ten sons. <span class="ver">15</span>For the Jews that were in Shushan gathered themselves together on the fourteenth day also of the month Adar, and slew three hundred men at Shushan; but on the prey they laid not their hand. <span class="ver">16</span>But the other Jews that were in the king
s provinces gathered themselves together, and stood for their lives, M
and had rest from their enemies, and slew of their foes seventy and five thousand, but they laid not their hands on the prey, <span class="ver">17</span>On the thirteenth day of the month Adar; and on the fourteenth day of the same rested they, and made it a day of feasting and gladness. <span class="ver">18</span>But the Jews that were at Shushan assembled together on the thirteenth day thereof, and on the fourteenth thereof; and on the fifteenth day of the same they rested, and made it a day of feasting and gladnM
ess. <span class="ver">19</span>Therefore the Jews of the villages, that dwelt in the unwalled towns, made the fourteenth day of the month Adar a day of gladness and feasting, and a good day, and of sending portions one to another. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And Mordecai wrote these things, and sent letters unto all the Jews that were in all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus, both nigh and far, <span class="ver">21</span>To stablish this among them, that they should keep the fourteenth day of the month M
Adar, and the fifteenth day of the same, yearly, <span class="ver">22</span>As the days wherein the Jews rested from their enemies, and the month which was turned unto them from sorrow to joy, and from mourning into a good day: that they should make them days of feasting and joy, and of sending portions one to another, and gifts to the poor. <span class="ver">23</span>And the Jews undertook to do as they had begun, and as Mordecai had written unto them; <span class="ver">24</span>Because Haman the son of HammedathaM
, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had devised against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast Pur, that is, the lot, to consume them, and to destroy them; <span class="ver">25</span>But when Esther came before the king, he commanded by letters that his wicked device, which he devised against the Jews, should return upon his own head, and that he and his sons should be hanged on the gallows. <span class="ver">26</span>Wherefore they called these days Purim after the name of Pur. Therefore for all the words ofM
this letter, and of that which they had seen concerning this matter, and which had come unto them, <span class="ver">27</span>The Jews ordained, and took upon them, and upon their seed, and upon all such as joined themselves unto them, so as it should not fail, that they would keep these two days according to their writing, and according to their appointed time every year; <span class="ver">28</span>And that these days should be remembered and kept throughout every generation, every family, every province, and eveM
ry city; and that these days of Purim should not fail from among the Jews, nor the memorial of them perish from their seed. <span class="ver">29</span>Then Esther the queen, the daughter of Abihail, and Mordecai the Jew, wrote with all authority, to confirm this second letter of Purim. <span class="ver">30</span>And he sent the letters unto all the Jews, to the hundred twenty and seven provinces of the kingdom of Ahasuerus, with words of peace and truth, <span class="ver">31</span>To confirm these days of Purim in M
their times appointed, according as Mordecai the Jew and Esther the queen had enjoined them, and as they had decreed for themselves and for their seed, the matters of the fastings and their cry. <span class="ver">32</span>And the decree of Esther confirmed these matters of Purim; and it was written in the book.
<h2 id="c10">Chapter 10</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And the king Ahasuerus laid a tribute upon the land, and upon the isles of the sea. <span class="ver">2</span>And all the acts of his power andM
of his might, and the declaration of the greatness of Mordecai, whereunto the king advanced him, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Media and Persia? <span class="ver">3</span>For Mordecai the Jew was next unto king Ahasuerus, and great among the Jews, and accepted of the multitude of his brethren, seeking the wealth of his people, and speaking peace to all his seed. </p>
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<title>BOOK OF RUTH</title>
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<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</a></lM
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now it came to pass in the days when the judges ruled, that there was a famine in the land. And a certain man of Beth-lehem-judah went to sojourn in the country of Moab, he, and his wife, and his two sons. <span class="ver">2</span>And the name of the man was Elimelech, and the name of his wife Naomi, and the name of his two sons MM
ahlon and Chilion, Ephrathites of Beth-lehem-judah. And they came into the country of Moab, and continued there. <span class="ver">3</span>And Elimelech Naomi
s husband died; and she was left, and her two sons. <span class="ver">4</span>And they took them wives of the women of Moab; the name of the one was Orpah, and the name of the other Ruth: and they dwelled there about ten years. <span class="ver">5</span>And Mahlon and Chilion died also both of them; and the woman was left of her two sons and her husband. </M
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Then she arose with her daughters in law, that she might return from the country of Moab: for she had heard in the country of Moab how that the LORD had visited his people in giving them bread. <span class="ver">7</span>Wherefore she went forth out of the place where she was, and her two daughters in law with her; and they went on the way to return unto the land of Judah. <span class="ver">8</span>And Naomi said unto her two daughters in law, Go, return each to her mother
: the LORD deal kindly with you, as ye have dealt with the dead, and with me. <span class="ver">9</span>The LORD grant you that ye may find rest, each of you in the house of her husband. Then she kissed them; and they lifted up their voice, and wept. <span class="ver">10</span>And they said unto her, Surely we will return with thee unto thy people. <span class="ver">11</span>And Naomi said, Turn again, my daughters: why will ye go with me? are there yet any more sons in my womb, that they may be your husbands? <spaM
n class="ver">12</span>Turn again, my daughters, go your way; for I am too old to have an husband. If I should say, I have hope, if I should have an husband also to night, and should also bear sons; <span class="ver">13</span>Would ye tarry for them till they were grown? would ye stay for them from having husbands? nay, my daughters; for it grieveth me much for your sakes that the hand of the LORD is gone out against me. <span class="ver">14</span>And they lifted up their voice, and wept again: and Orpah kissed herM
mother in law; but Ruth clave unto her. <span class="ver">15</span>And she said, Behold, thy sister in law is gone back unto her people, and unto her gods: return thou after thy sister in law. <span class="ver">16</span>And Ruth said, Intreat me not to leave thee, or to return from following after thee: for whither thou goest, I will go; and where thou lodgest, I will lodge: thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God: <span class="ver">17</span>Where thou diest, will I die, and there will I be buried: the LM
ORD do so to me, and more also, if ought but death part thee and me. <span class="ver">18</span>When she saw that she was stedfastly minded to go with her, then she left speaking unto her. </p>
<p><span class="ver">19</span>So they two went until they came to Beth-lehem. And it came to pass, when they were come to Beth-lehem, that all the city was moved about them, and they said, Is this Naomi? <span class="ver">20</span>And she said unto them, Call me not Naomi, call me Mara: for the Almighty hath dealt very bitM
terly with me. <span class="ver">21</span>I went out full, and the LORD hath brought me home again empty: why then call ye me Naomi, seeing the LORD hath testified against me, and the Almighty hath afflicted me? <span class="ver">22</span>So Naomi returned, and Ruth the Moabitess, her daughter in law, with her, which returned out of the country of Moab: and they came to Beth-lehem in the beginning of barley harvest.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And Naomi had a kinsman of her husbandM
s, a mighty man of wealth, of the family of Elimelech; and his name was Boaz. <span class="ver">2</span>And Ruth the Moabitess said unto Naomi, Let me now go to the field, and glean ears of corn after him in whose sight I shall find grace. And she said unto her, Go, my daughter. <span class="ver">3</span>And she went, and came, and gleaned in the field after the reapers: and her hap was to light on a part of the field belonging unto Boaz, who was of the kindred of Elimelech. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>AM
nd, behold, Boaz came from Beth-lehem, and said unto the reapers, The LORD be with you. And they answered him, The LORD bless thee. <span class="ver">5</span>Then said Boaz unto his servant that was set over the reapers, Whose damsel is this? <span class="ver">6</span>And the servant that was set over the reapers answered and said, It is the Moabitish damsel that came back with Naomi out of the country of Moab: <span class="ver">7</span>And she said, I pray you, let me glean and gather after the reapers among the sM
heaves: so she came, and hath continued even from the morning until now, that she tarried a little in the house. <span class="ver">8</span>Then said Boaz unto Ruth, Hearest thou not, my daughter? Go not to glean in another field, neither go from hence, but abide here fast by my maidens: <span class="ver">9</span>Let thine eyes be on the field that they do reap, and go thou after them: have I not charged the young men that they shall not touch thee? and when thou art athirst, go unto the vessels, and drink of that wM
hich the young men have drawn. <span class="ver">10</span>Then she fell on her face, and bowed herself to the ground, and said unto him, Why have I found grace in thine eyes, that thou shouldest take knowledge of me, seeing I am a stranger? <span class="ver">11</span>And Boaz answered and said unto her, It hath fully been shewed me, all that thou hast done unto thy mother in law since the death of thine husband: and how thou hast left thy father and thy mother, and the land of thy nativity, and art come unto a peopM
le which thou knewest not heretofore. <span class="ver">12</span>The LORD recompense thy work, and a full reward be given thee of the LORD God of Israel, under whose wings thou art come to trust. <span class="ver">13</span>Then she said, Let me find favour in thy sight, my lord; for that thou hast comforted me, and for that thou hast spoken friendly unto thine handmaid, though I be not like unto one of thine handmaidens. <span class="ver">14</span>And Boaz said unto her, At mealtime come thou hither, and eat of theM
bread, and dip thy morsel in the vinegar. And she sat beside the reapers: and he reached her parched corn, and she did eat, and was sufficed, and left. <span class="ver">15</span>And when she was risen up to glean, Boaz commanded his young men, saying, Let her glean even among the sheaves, and reproach her not: <span class="ver">16</span>And let fall also some of the handfuls of purpose for her, and leave them, that she may glean them, and rebuke her not. <span class="ver">17</span>So she gleaned in the field untiM
l even, and beat out that she had gleaned: and it was about an ephah of barley. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>And she took it up, and went into the city: and her mother in law saw what she had gleaned: and she brought forth, and gave to her that she had reserved after she was sufficed. <span class="ver">19</span>And her mother in law said unto her, Where hast thou gleaned to day? and where wroughtest thou? blessed be he that did take knowledge of thee. And she shewed her mother in law with whom she had wrougM
ht, and said, The man
s name with whom I wrought to day is Boaz. <span class="ver">20</span>And Naomi said unto her daughter in law, Blessed be he of the LORD, who hath not left off his kindness to the living and to the dead. And Naomi said unto her, The man is near of kin unto us, one of our next kinsmen. <span class="ver">21</span>And Ruth the Moabitess said, He said unto me also, Thou shalt keep fast by my young men, until they have ended all my harvest. <span class="ver">22</span>And Naomi said unto Ruth her M
daughter in law, It is good, my daughter, that thou go out with his maidens, that they meet thee not in any other field. <span class="ver">23</span>So she kept fast by the maidens of Boaz to glean unto the end of barley harvest and of wheat harvest; and dwelt with her mother in law.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then Naomi her mother in law said unto her, My daughter, shall I not seek rest for thee, that it may be well with thee? <span class="ver">2</span>And now is not Boaz of our kM
indred, with whose maidens thou wast? Behold, he winnoweth barley to night in the threshingfloor. <span class="ver">3</span>Wash thyself therefore, and anoint thee, and put thy raiment upon thee, and get thee down to the floor: but make not thyself known unto the man, until he shall have done eating and drinking. <span class="ver">4</span>And it shall be, when he lieth down, that thou shalt mark the place where he shall lie, and thou shalt go in, and uncover his feet, and lay thee down; and he will tell thee what tM
hou shalt do. <span class="ver">5</span>And she said unto her, All that thou sayest unto me I will do. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And she went down unto the floor, and did according to all that her mother in law bade her. <span class="ver">7</span>And when Boaz had eaten and drunk, and his heart was merry, he went to lie down at the end of the heap of corn: and she came softly, and uncovered his feet, and laid her down. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And it came to pass at midnight, that the man was aM
fraid, and turned himself: and, behold, a woman lay at his feet. <span class="ver">9</span>And he said, Who art thou? And she answered, I am Ruth thine handmaid: spread therefore thy skirt over thine handmaid; for thou art a near kinsman. <span class="ver">10</span>And he said, Blessed be thou of the LORD, my daughter: for thou hast shewed more kindness in the latter end than at the beginning, inasmuch as thou followedst not young men, whether poor or rich. <span class="ver">11</span>And now, my daughter, fear not;M
I will do to thee all that thou requirest: for all the city of my people doth know that thou art a virtuous woman. <span class="ver">12</span>And now it is true that I am thy near kinsman: howbeit there is a kinsman nearer than I. <span class="ver">13</span>Tarry this night, and it shall be in the morning, that if he will perform unto thee the part of a kinsman, well; let him do the kinsman
s part: but if he will not do the part of a kinsman to thee, then will I do the part of a kinsman to thee, as the LORD liveM
th: lie down until the morning. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>And she lay at his feet until the morning: and she rose up before one could know another. And he said, Let it not be known that a woman came into the floor. <span class="ver">15</span>Also he said, Bring the vail that thou hast upon thee, and hold it. And when she held it, he measured six measures of barley, and laid it on her: and she went into the city. <span class="ver">16</span>And when she came to her mother in law, she said, Who art thou, myM
daughter? And she told her all that the man had done to her. <span class="ver">17</span>And she said, These six measures of barley gave he me; for he said to me, Go not empty unto thy mother in law. <span class="ver">18</span>Then said she, Sit still, my daughter, until thou know how the matter will fall: for the man will not be in rest, until he have finished the thing this day.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Then went Boaz up to the gate, and sat him down there: and, behold, the kiM
nsman of whom Boaz spake came by; unto whom he said, Ho, such a one! turn aside, sit down here. And he turned aside, and sat down. <span class="ver">2</span>And he took ten men of the elders of the city, and said, Sit ye down here. And they sat down. <span class="ver">3</span>And he said unto the kinsman, Naomi, that is come again out of the country of Moab, selleth a parcel of land, which was our brother Elimelech
s: <span class="ver">4</span>And I thought to advertise thee, saying, Buy it before the inhabitantsM
, and before the elders of my people. If thou wilt redeem it, redeem it: but if thou wilt not redeem it, then tell me, that I may know: for there is none to redeem it beside thee; and I am after thee. And he said, I will redeem it. <span class="ver">5</span>Then said Boaz, What day thou buyest the field of the hand of Naomi, thou must buy it also of Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of the dead, to raise up the name of the dead upon his inheritance. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And the kinsman said, I cannot redeM
em it for myself, lest I mar mine own inheritance: redeem thou my right to thyself; for I cannot redeem it. <span class="ver">7</span>Now this was the manner in former time in Israel concerning redeeming and concerning changing, for to confirm all things; a man plucked off his shoe, and gave it to his neighbour: and this was a testimony in Israel. <span class="ver">8</span>Therefore the kinsman said unto Boaz, Buy it for thee. So he drew off his shoe. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>And Boaz said unto the elderM
s, and unto all the people, Ye are witnesses this day, that I have bought all that was Elimelech
s, and all that was Chilion
s, of the hand of Naomi. <span class="ver">10</span>Moreover Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of Mahlon, have I purchased to be my wife, to raise up the name of the dead upon his inheritance, that the name of the dead be not cut off from among his brethren, and from the gate of his place: ye are witnesses this day. <span class="ver">11</span>And all the people that were in the M
gate, and the elders, said, We are witnesses. The LORD make the woman that is come into thine house like Rachel and like Leah, which two did build the house of Israel: and do thou worthily in Ephratah, and be famous in Beth-lehem: <span class="ver">12</span>And let thy house be like the house of Pharez, whom Tamar bare unto Judah, of the seed which the LORD shall give thee of this young woman. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>So Boaz took Ruth, and she was his wife: and when he went in unto her, the LORD gave hM
er conception, and she bare a son. <span class="ver">14</span>And the women said unto Naomi, Blessed be the LORD, which hath not left thee this day without a kinsman, that his name may be famous in Israel. <span class="ver">15</span>And he shall be unto thee a restorer of thy life, and a nourisher of thine old age: for thy daughter in law, which loveth thee, which is better to thee than seven sons, hath born him. <span class="ver">16</span>And Naomi took the child, and laid it in her bosom, and became nurse unto itM
. <span class="ver">17</span>And the women her neighbours gave it a name, saying, There is a son born to Naomi; and they called his name Obed: he is the father of Jesse, the father of David. </p>
<p><span class="ver">18</span>Now these are the generations of Pharez: Pharez begat Hezron, <span class="ver">19</span>And Hezron begat Ram, and Ram begat Amminadab, <span class="ver">20</span>And Amminadab begat Nahshon, and Nahshon begat Salmon, <span class="ver">21</span>And Salmon begat Boaz, and Boaz begat Obed, <spL
an class="ver">22</span>And Obed begat Jesse, and Jesse begat David. </p>
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<title>MICAH</title>
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<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The word of the LORD that came to Micah the Morasthite in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, which he saw concerning Samaria and Jerusalem. <span class="ver">2</span>Hear, all ye people; hearken, O earth, and all that therein is: and let the Lord GOD be witness agM
ainst you, the Lord from his holy temple. <span class="ver">3</span>For, behold, the LORD cometh forth out of his place, and will come down, and tread upon the high places of the earth. <span class="ver">4</span>And the mountains shall be molten under him, and the valleys shall be cleft, as wax before the fire, and as the waters that are poured down a steep place. <span class="ver">5</span>For the transgression of Jacob is all this, and for the sins of the house of Israel. What is the transgression of Jacob? is it M
not Samaria? and what are the high places of Judah? are they not Jerusalem? <span class="ver">6</span>Therefore I will make Samaria as an heap of the field, and as plantings of a vineyard: and I will pour down the stones thereof into the valley, and I will discover the foundations thereof. <span class="ver">7</span>And all the graven images thereof shall be beaten to pieces, and all the hires thereof shall be burned with the fire, and all the idols thereof will I lay desolate: for she gathered it of the hire of an M
harlot, and they shall return to the hire of an harlot. <span class="ver">8</span>Therefore I will wail and howl, I will go stripped and naked: I will make a wailing like the dragons, and mourning as the owls. <span class="ver">9</span>For her wound is incurable; for it is come unto Judah; he is come unto the gate of my people, even to Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Declare ye it not at Gath, weep ye not at all: in the house of Aphrah roll thyself in the dust. <span class="ver">11</span>Pass ye awaM
y, thou inhabitant of Saphir, having thy shame naked: the inhabitant of Zaanan came not forth in the mourning of Beth-ezel; he shall receive of you his standing. <span class="ver">12</span>For the inhabitant of Maroth waited carefully for good: but evil came down from the LORD unto the gate of Jerusalem. <span class="ver">13</span>O thou inhabitant of Lachish, bind the chariot to the swift beast: she is the beginning of the sin to the daughter of Zion: for the transgressions of Israel were found in thee. <span clasM
s="ver">14</span>Therefore shalt thou give presents to Moresheth-gath: the houses of Achzib shall be a lie to the kings of Israel. <span class="ver">15</span>Yet will I bring an heir unto thee, O inhabitant of Mareshah: he shall come unto Adullam the glory of Israel. <span class="ver">16</span>Make thee bald, and poll thee for thy delicate children; enlarge thy baldness as the eagle; for they are gone into captivity from thee.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Woe to them that devise iniM
quity, and work evil upon their beds! when the morning is light, they practise it, because it is in the power of their hand. <span class="ver">2</span>And they covet fields, and take them by violence; and houses, and take them away: so they oppress a man and his house, even a man and his heritage. <span class="ver">3</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD; Behold, against this family do I devise an evil, from which ye shall not remove your necks; neither shall ye go haughtily: for this time is evil. </p>
ass="ver">4</span>In that day shall one take up a parable against you, and lament with a doleful lamentation, and say, We be utterly spoiled: he hath changed the portion of my people: how hath he removed it from me! turning away he hath divided our fields. <span class="ver">5</span>Therefore thou shalt have none that shall cast a cord by lot in the congregation of the LORD. <span class="ver">6</span>Prophesy ye not, say they to them that prophesy: they shall not prophesy to them, that they shall not take shame. </pM
<p><span class="ver">7</span>O thou that art named the house of Jacob, is the spirit of the LORD straitened? are these his doings? do not my words do good to him that walketh uprightly? <span class="ver">8</span>Even of late my people is risen up as an enemy: ye pull off the robe with the garment from them that pass by securely as men averse from war. <span class="ver">9</span>The women of my people have ye cast out from their pleasant houses; from their children have ye taken away my glory for ever. <span clasM
s="ver">10</span>Arise ye, and depart; for this is not your rest: because it is polluted, it shall destroy you, even with a sore destruction. <span class="ver">11</span>If a man walking in the spirit and falsehood do lie, saying, I will prophesy unto thee of wine and of strong drink; he shall even be the prophet of this people. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>I will surely assemble, O Jacob, all of thee; I will surely gather the remnant of Israel; I will put them together as the sheep of Bozrah, as the flock iM
n the midst of their fold: they shall make great noise by reason of the multitude of men. <span class="ver">13</span>The breaker is come up before them: they have broken up, and have passed through the gate, and are gone out by it: and their king shall pass before them, and the LORD on the head of them.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>And I said, Hear, I pray you, O heads of Jacob, and ye princes of the house of Israel; Is it not for you to know judgment? <span class="ver">2</span>Who M
hate the good, and love the evil; who pluck off their skin from off them, and their flesh from off their bones; <span class="ver">3</span>Who also eat the flesh of my people, and flay their skin from off them; and they break their bones, and chop them in pieces, as for the pot, and as flesh within the caldron. <span class="ver">4</span>Then shall they cry unto the LORD, but he will not hear them: he will even hide his face from them at that time, as they have behaved themselves ill in their doings. </p>
class="ver">5</span>Thus saith the LORD concerning the prophets that make my people err, that bite with their teeth, and cry, Peace; and he that putteth not into their mouths, they even prepare war against him. <span class="ver">6</span>Therefore night shall be unto you, that ye shall not have a vision; and it shall be dark unto you, that ye shall not divine; and the sun shall go down over the prophets, and the day shall be dark over them. <span class="ver">7</span>Then shall the seers be ashamed, and the diviners M
confounded: yea, they shall all cover their lips; for there is no answer of God. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>But truly I am full of power by the spirit of the LORD, and of judgment, and of might, to declare unto Jacob his transgression, and to Israel his sin. <span class="ver">9</span>Hear this, I pray you, ye heads of the house of Jacob, and princes of the house of Israel, that abhor judgment, and pervert all equity. <span class="ver">10</span>They build up Zion with blood, and Jerusalem with iniquity. <spM
an class="ver">11</span>The heads thereof judge for reward, and the priests thereof teach for hire, and the prophets thereof divine for money: yet will they lean upon the LORD, and say, Is not the LORD among us? none evil can come upon us. <span class="ver">12</span>Therefore shall Zion for your sake be plowed as a field, and Jerusalem shall become heaps, and the mountain of the house as the high places of the forest.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>But in the last days it shall come tM
o pass, that the mountain of the house of the LORD shall be established in the top of the mountains, and it shall be exalted above the hills; and people shall flow unto it. <span class="ver">2</span>And many nations shall come, and say, Come, and let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, and to the house of the God of Jacob; and he will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths: for the law shall go forth of Zion, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>And he shall juM
dge among many people, and rebuke strong nations afar off; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks: nation shall not lift up a sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more. <span class="ver">4</span>But they shall sit every man under his vine and under his fig tree; and none shall make them afraid: for the mouth of the LORD of hosts hath spoken it. <span class="ver">5</span>For all people will walk every one in the name of his god, and we will walk in the M
name of the LORD our God for ever and ever. <span class="ver">6</span>In that day, saith the LORD, will I assemble her that halteth, and I will gather her that is driven out, and her that I have afflicted; <span class="ver">7</span>And I will make her that halted a remnant, and her that was cast far off a strong nation: and the LORD shall reign over them in mount Zion from henceforth, even for ever. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And thou, O tower of the flock, the strong hold of the daughter of Zion, unto theM
e shall it come, even the first dominion; the kingdom shall come to the daughter of Jerusalem. <span class="ver">9</span>Now why dost thou cry out aloud? is there no king in thee? is thy counsellor perished? for pangs have taken thee as a woman in travail. <span class="ver">10</span>Be in pain, and labour to bring forth, O daughter of Zion, like a woman in travail: for now shalt thou go forth out of the city, and thou shalt dwell in the field, and thou shalt go even to Babylon; there shalt thou be delivered; there M
the LORD shall redeem thee from the hand of thine enemies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Now also many nations are gathered against thee, that say, Let her be defiled, and let our eye look upon Zion. <span class="ver">12</span>But they know not the thoughts of the LORD, neither understand they his counsel: for he shall gather them as the sheaves into the floor. <span class="ver">13</span>Arise and thresh, O daughter of Zion: for I will make thine horn iron, and I will make thy hoofs brass: and thou shalt beaM
t in pieces many people: and I will consecrate their gain unto the LORD, and their substance unto the Lord of the whole earth.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Now gather thyself in troops, O daughter of troops: he hath laid siege against us: they shall smite the judge of Israel with a rod upon the cheek. <span class="ver">2</span>But thou, Beth-lehem Ephratah, though thou be little among the thousands of Judah, yet out of thee shall he come forth unto me that is to be ruler in Israel; M
whose goings forth have been from of old, from everlasting. <span class="ver">3</span>Therefore will he give them up, until the time that she which travaileth hath brought forth: then the remnant of his brethren shall return unto the children of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>And he shall stand and feed in the strength of the LORD, in the majesty of the name of the LORD his God; and they shall abide: for now shall he be great unto the ends of the earth. <span class="ver">5</span>And this man shall be tM
he peace, when the Assyrian shall come into our land: and when he shall tread in our palaces, then shall we raise against him seven shepherds, and eight principal men. <span class="ver">6</span>And they shall waste the land of Assyria with the sword, and the land of Nimrod in the entrances thereof: thus shall he deliver us from the Assyrian, when he cometh into our land, and when he treadeth within our borders. <span class="ver">7</span>And the remnant of Jacob shall be in the midst of many people as a dew from theM
LORD, as the showers upon the grass, that tarrieth not for man, nor waiteth for the sons of men. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>And the remnant of Jacob shall be among the Gentiles in the midst of many people as a lion among the beasts of the forest, as a young lion among the flocks of sheep: who, if he go through, both treadeth down, and teareth in pieces, and none can deliver. <span class="ver">9</span>Thine hand shall be lifted up upon thine adversaries, and all thine enemies shall be cut off. <span class=M
"ver">10</span>And it shall come to pass in that day, saith the LORD, that I will cut off thy horses out of the midst of thee, and I will destroy thy chariots: <span class="ver">11</span>And I will cut off the cities of thy land, and throw down all thy strong holds: <span class="ver">12</span>And I will cut off witchcrafts out of thine hand; and thou shalt have no more soothsayers: <span class="ver">13</span>Thy graven images also will I cut off, and thy standing images out of the midst of thee; and thou shalt no mM
ore worship the work of thine hands. <span class="ver">14</span>And I will pluck up thy groves out of the midst of thee: so will I destroy thy cities. <span class="ver">15</span>And I will execute vengeance in anger and fury upon the heathen, such as they have not heard.
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Hear ye now what the LORD saith; Arise, contend thou before the mountains, and let the hills hear thy voice. <span class="ver">2</span>Hear ye, O mountains, the LORD
ye strong foundations of the earth: for the LORD hath a controversy with his people, and he will plead with Israel. <span class="ver">3</span>O my people, what have I done unto thee? and wherein have I wearied thee? testify against me. <span class="ver">4</span>For I brought thee up out of the land of Egypt, and redeemed thee out of the house of servants; and I sent before thee Moses, Aaron, and Miriam. <span class="ver">5</span>O my people, remember now what Balak king of Moab consulted, and what Balaam the son oM
f Beor answered him from Shittim unto Gilgal; that ye may know the righteousness of the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Wherewith shall I come before the LORD, and bow myself before the high God? shall I come before him with burnt offerings, with calves of a year old? <span class="ver">7</span>Will the LORD be pleased with thousands of rams, or with ten thousands of rivers of oil? shall I give my firstborn for my transgression, the fruit of my body for the sin of my soul? <span class="ver">8</span>He hathM
shewed thee, O man, what is good; and what doth the LORD require of thee, but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God? <span class="ver">9</span>The LORD
s voice crieth unto the city, and the man of wisdom shall see thy name: hear ye the rod, and who hath appointed it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Are there yet the treasures of wickedness in the house of the wicked, and the scant measure that is abominable? <span class="ver">11</span>Shall I count them pure with the wicked balancM
es, and with the bag of deceitful weights? <span class="ver">12</span>For the rich men thereof are full of violence, and the inhabitants thereof have spoken lies, and their tongue is deceitful in their mouth. <span class="ver">13</span>Therefore also will I make thee sick in smiting thee, in making thee desolate because of thy sins. <span class="ver">14</span>Thou shalt eat, but not be satisfied; and thy casting down shall be in the midst of thee; and thou shalt take hold, but shalt not deliver; and that which thouM
deliverest will I give up to the sword. <span class="ver">15</span>Thou shalt sow, but thou shalt not reap; thou shalt tread the olives, but thou shalt not anoint thee with oil; and sweet wine, but shalt not drink wine. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>For the statutes of Omri are kept, and all the works of the house of Ahab, and ye walk in their counsels; that I should make thee a desolation, and the inhabitants thereof an hissing: therefore ye shall bear the reproach of my people.
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</hM
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Woe is me! for I am as when they have gathered the summer fruits, as the grapegleanings of the vintage: there is no cluster to eat: my soul desired the firstripe fruit. <span class="ver">2</span>The good man is perished out of the earth: and there is none upright among men: they all lie in wait for blood; they hunt every man his brother with a net. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>That they may do evil with both hands earnestly, the prince asketh, and the judge asketh for a rewM
ard; and the great man, he uttereth his mischievous desire: so they wrap it up. <span class="ver">4</span>The best of them is as a brier: the most upright is sharper than a thorn hedge: the day of thy watchmen and thy visitation cometh; now shall be their perplexity. </p>
<p><span class="ver">5</span>Trust ye not in a friend, put ye not confidence in a guide: keep the doors of thy mouth from her that lieth in thy bosom. <span class="ver">6</span>For the son dishonoureth the father, the daughter riseth up against M
her mother, the daughter in law against her mother in law; a man
s enemies are the men of his own house. <span class="ver">7</span>Therefore I will look unto the LORD; I will wait for the God of my salvation: my God will hear me. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Rejoice not against me, O mine enemy: when I fall, I shall arise; when I sit in darkness, the LORD shall be a light unto me. <span class="ver">9</span>I will bear the indignation of the LORD, because I have sinned against him, until he plead my cause, M
and execute judgment for me: he will bring me forth to the light, and I shall behold his righteousness. <span class="ver">10</span>Then she that is mine enemy shall see it, and shame shall cover her which said unto me, Where is the LORD thy God? mine eyes shall behold her: now shall she be trodden down as the mire of the streets. <span class="ver">11</span>In the day that thy walls are to be built, in that day shall the decree be far removed. <span class="ver">12</span>In that day also he shall come even to thee frM
om Assyria, and from the fortified cities, and from the fortress even to the river, and from sea to sea, and from mountain to mountain. <span class="ver">13</span>Notwithstanding the land shall be desolate because of them that dwell therein, for the fruit of their doings. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Feed thy people with thy rod, the flock of thine heritage, which dwell solitarily in the wood, in the midst of Carmel: let them feed in Bashan and Gilead, as in the days of old. <span class="ver">15</span>AccorM
ding to the days of thy coming out of the land of Egypt will I shew unto him marvellous things. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>The nations shall see and be confounded at all their might: they shall lay their hand upon their mouth, their ears shall be deaf. <span class="ver">17</span>They shall lick the dust like a serpent, they shall move out of their holes like worms of the earth: they shall be afraid of the LORD our God, and shall fear because of thee. <span class="ver">18</span>Who is a God like unto thee,M
that pardoneth iniquity, and passeth by the transgression of the remnant of his heritage? he retaineth not his anger for ever, because he delighteth in mercy. <span class="ver">19</span>He will turn again, he will have compassion upon us; he will subdue our iniquities; and thou wilt cast all their sins into the depths of the sea. <span class="ver">20</span>Thou wilt perform the truth to Jacob, and the mercy to Abraham, which thou hast sworn unto our fathers from the days of old. </p>
<p>Created bL_y BitBible, 2023. Free to use and share for all purposes.</p>
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<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="#c9">9</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The words of Amos, who was among the herdmen of Tekoa, which he saw concerning Israel in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash king of Israel, two years before the earthquake. <sM
pan class="ver">2</span>And he said, The LORD will roar from Zion, and utter his voice from Jerusalem; and the habitations of the shepherds shall mourn, and the top of Carmel shall wither. <span class="ver">3</span>Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Damascus, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they have threshed Gilead with threshing instruments of iron: <span class="ver">4</span>But I will send a fire into the house of Hazael, which shall devour the palaces of Ben-hadaM
d. <span class="ver">5</span>I will break also the bar of Damascus, and cut off the inhabitant from the plain of Aven, and him that holdeth the sceptre from the house of Eden: and the people of Syria shall go into captivity unto Kir, saith the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Gaza, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they carried away captive the whole captivity, to deliver them up to Edom: <span class="ver">7</span>But I will M
send a fire on the wall of Gaza, which shall devour the palaces thereof: <span class="ver">8</span>And I will cut off the inhabitant from Ashdod, and him that holdeth the sceptre from Ashkelon, and I will turn mine hand against Ekron: and the remnant of the Philistines shall perish, saith the Lord GOD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Tyrus, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they delivered up the whole captivity to Edom, and remembM
ered not the brotherly covenant: <span class="ver">10</span>But I will send a fire on the wall of Tyrus, which shall devour the palaces thereof. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Edom, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because he did pursue his brother with the sword, and did cast off all pity, and his anger did tear perpetually, and he kept his wrath for ever: <span class="ver">12</span>But I will send a fire upon Teman, which shall devouM
r the palaces of Bozrah. </p>
<p><span class="ver">13</span>Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of the children of Ammon, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they have ripped up the women with child of Gilead, that they might enlarge their border: <span class="ver">14</span>But I will kindle a fire in the wall of Rabbah, and it shall devour the palaces thereof, with shouting in the day of battle, with a tempest in the day of the whirlwind: <span class="ver">15</span>And thM
eir king shall go into captivity, he and his princes together, saith the LORD.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Moab, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because he burned the bones of the king of Edom into lime: <span class="ver">2</span>But I will send a fire upon Moab, and it shall devour the palaces of Kerioth: and Moab shall die with tumult, with shouting, and with the sound of the trumpet: <span class="ver">3<M
/span>And I will cut off the judge from the midst thereof, and will slay all the princes thereof with him, saith the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Judah, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they have despised the law of the LORD, and have not kept his commandments, and their lies caused them to err, after the which their fathers have walked: <span class="ver">5</span>But I will send a fire upon Judah, and it shall devour theM
palaces of Jerusalem. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Israel, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they sold the righteous for silver, and the poor for a pair of shoes; <span class="ver">7</span>That pant after the dust of the earth on the head of the poor, and turn aside the way of the meek: and a man and his father will go in unto the same maid, to profane my holy name: <span class="ver">8</span>And they lay themselves down upon cM
lothes laid to pledge by every altar, and they drink the wine of the condemned in the house of their god. </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Yet destroyed I the Amorite before them, whose height was like the height of the cedars, and he was strong as the oaks; yet I destroyed his fruit from above, and his roots from beneath. <span class="ver">10</span>Also I brought you up from the land of Egypt, and led you forty years through the wilderness, to possess the land of the Amorite. <span class="ver">11</span>And I raM
ised up of your sons for prophets, and of your young men for Nazarites. Is it not even thus, O ye children of Israel? saith the LORD. <span class="ver">12</span>But ye gave the Nazarites wine to drink; and commanded the prophets, saying, Prophesy not. <span class="ver">13</span>Behold, I am pressed under you, as a cart is pressed that is full of sheaves. <span class="ver">14</span>Therefore the flight shall perish from the swift, and the strong shall not strengthen his force, neither shall the mighty deliver himselM
f: <span class="ver">15</span>Neither shall he stand that handleth the bow; and he that is swift of foot shall not deliver himself: neither shall he that rideth the horse deliver himself. <span class="ver">16</span>And he that is courageous among the mighty shall flee away naked in that day, saith the LORD.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Hear this word that the LORD hath spoken against you, O children of Israel, against the whole family which I brought up from the land of Egypt, sayinM
g, <span class="ver">2</span>You only have I known of all the families of the earth: therefore I will punish you for all your iniquities. <span class="ver">3</span>Can two walk together, except they be agreed? <span class="ver">4</span>Will a lion roar in the forest, when he hath no prey? will a young lion cry out of his den, if he have taken nothing? <span class="ver">5</span>Can a bird fall in a snare upon the earth, where no gin is for him? shall one take up a snare from the earth, and have taken nothing at all?M
<span class="ver">6</span>Shall a trumpet be blown in the city, and the people not be afraid? shall there be evil in a city, and the LORD hath not done it? <span class="ver">7</span>Surely the Lord GOD will do nothing, but he revealeth his secret unto his servants the prophets. <span class="ver">8</span>The lion hath roared, who will not fear? the Lord GOD hath spoken, who can but prophesy? </p>
<p><span class="ver">9</span>Publish in the palaces at Ashdod, and in the palaces in the land of Egypt, and say, AssemM
ble yourselves upon the mountains of Samaria, and behold the great tumults in the midst thereof, and the oppressed in the midst thereof. <span class="ver">10</span>For they know not to do right, saith the LORD, who store up violence and robbery in their palaces. <span class="ver">11</span>Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; An adversary there shall be even round about the land; and he shall bring down thy strength from thee, and thy palaces shall be spoiled. <span class="ver">12</span>Thus saith the LORD; As the sheM
pherd taketh out of the mouth of the lion two legs, or a piece of an ear; so shall the children of Israel be taken out that dwell in Samaria in the corner of a bed, and in Damascus in a couch. <span class="ver">13</span>Hear ye, and testify in the house of Jacob, saith the Lord GOD, the God of hosts, <span class="ver">14</span>That in the day that I shall visit the transgressions of Israel upon him I will also visit the altars of Beth-el: and the horns of the altar shall be cut off, and fall to the ground. <span clM
ass="ver">15</span>And I will smite the winter house with the summer house; and the houses of ivory shall perish, and the great houses shall have an end, saith the LORD.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Hear this word, ye kine of Bashan, that are in the mountain of Samaria, which oppress the poor, which crush the needy, which say to their masters, Bring, and let us drink. <span class="ver">2</span>The Lord GOD hath sworn by his holiness, that, lo, the days shall come upon you, that he wM
ill take you away with hooks, and your posterity with fishhooks. <span class="ver">3</span>And ye shall go out at the breaches, every cow at that which is before her; and ye shall cast them into the palace, saith the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Come to Beth-el, and transgress; at Gilgal multiply transgression; and bring your sacrifices every morning, and your tithes after three years: <span class="ver">5</span>And offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving with leaven, and proclaim and publish the free offerinM
gs: for this liketh you, O ye children of Israel, saith the Lord GOD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>And I also have given you cleanness of teeth in all your cities, and want of bread in all your places: yet have ye not returned unto me, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">7</span>And also I have withholden the rain from you, when there were yet three months to the harvest: and I caused it to rain upon one city, and caused it not to rain upon another city: one piece was rained upon, and the piece whereupon it raM
ined not withered. <span class="ver">8</span>So two or three cities wandered unto one city, to drink water; but they were not satisfied: yet have ye not returned unto me, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">9</span>I have smitten you with blasting and mildew: when your gardens and your vineyards and your fig trees and your olive trees increased, the palmerworm devoured them: yet have ye not returned unto me, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">10</span>I have sent among you the pestilence after the manner of Egypt: youM
r young men have I slain with the sword, and have taken away your horses; and I have made the stink of your camps to come up unto your nostrils: yet have ye not returned unto me, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">11</span>I have overthrown some of you, as God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah, and ye were as a firebrand plucked out of the burning: yet have ye not returned unto me, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">12</span>Therefore thus will I do unto thee, O Israel: and because I will do this unto thee, prepare to meeM
t thy God, O Israel. <span class="ver">13</span>For, lo, he that formeth the mountains, and createth the wind, and declareth unto man what is his thought, that maketh the morning darkness, and treadeth upon the high places of the earth, The LORD, The God of hosts, is his name.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Hear ye this word which I take up against you, even a lamentation, O house of Israel. <span class="ver">2</span>The virgin of Israel is fallen; she shall no more rise: she is forsaM
ken upon her land; there is none to raise her up. <span class="ver">3</span>For thus saith the Lord GOD; The city that went out by a thousand shall leave an hundred, and that which went forth by an hundred shall leave ten, to the house of Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>For thus saith the LORD unto the house of Israel, Seek ye me, and ye shall live: <span class="ver">5</span>But seek not Beth-el, nor enter into Gilgal, and pass not to Beer-sheba: for Gilgal shall surely go into captivity, and Beth-el shM
all come to nought. <span class="ver">6</span>Seek the LORD, and ye shall live; lest he break out like fire in the house of Joseph, and devour it, and there be none to quench it in Beth-el. <span class="ver">7</span>Ye who turn judgment to wormwood, and leave off righteousness in the earth, <span class="ver">8</span>Seek him that maketh the seven stars and Orion, and turneth the shadow of death into the morning, and maketh the day dark with night: that calleth for the waters of the sea, and poureth them out upon thM
e face of the earth: The LORD is his name: <span class="ver">9</span>That strengtheneth the spoiled against the strong, so that the spoiled shall come against the fortress. <span class="ver">10</span>They hate him that rebuketh in the gate, and they abhor him that speaketh uprightly. <span class="ver">11</span>Forasmuch therefore as your treading is upon the poor, and ye take from him burdens of wheat: ye have built houses of hewn stone, but ye shall not dwell in them; ye have planted pleasant vineyards, but ye shaM
ll not drink wine of them. <span class="ver">12</span>For I know your manifold transgressions and your mighty sins: they afflict the just, they take a bribe, and they turn aside the poor in the gate from their right. <span class="ver">13</span>Therefore the prudent shall keep silence in that time; for it is an evil time. <span class="ver">14</span>Seek good, and not evil, that ye may live: and so the LORD, the God of hosts, shall be with you, as ye have spoken. <span class="ver">15</span>Hate the evil, and love theM
good, and establish judgment in the gate: it may be that the LORD God of hosts will be gracious unto the remnant of Joseph. <span class="ver">16</span>Therefore the LORD, the God of hosts, the Lord, saith thus; Wailing shall be in all streets; and they shall say in all the highways, Alas! alas! and they shall call the husbandman to mourning, and such as are skilful of lamentation to wailing. <span class="ver">17</span>And in all vineyards shall be wailing: for I will pass through thee, saith the LORD. <span class=M
"ver">18</span>Woe unto you that desire the day of the LORD! to what end is it for you? the day of the LORD is darkness, and not light. <span class="ver">19</span>As if a man did flee from a lion, and a bear met him; or went into the house, and leaned his hand on the wall, and a serpent bit him. <span class="ver">20</span>Shall not the day of the LORD be darkness, and not light? even very dark, and no brightness in it? </p>
<p><span class="ver">21</span>I hate, I despise your feast days, and I will not smell in yM
our solemn assemblies. <span class="ver">22</span>Though ye offer me burnt offerings and your meat offerings, I will not accept them: neither will I regard the peace offerings of your fat beasts. <span class="ver">23</span>Take thou away from me the noise of thy songs; for I will not hear the melody of thy viols. <span class="ver">24</span>But let judgment run down as waters, and righteousness as a mighty stream. <span class="ver">25</span>Have ye offered unto me sacrifices and offerings in the wilderness forty yeaM
rs, O house of Israel? <span class="ver">26</span>But ye have borne the tabernacle of your Moloch and Chiun your images, the star of your god, which ye made to yourselves. <span class="ver">27</span>Therefore will I cause you to go into captivity beyond Damascus, saith the LORD, whose name is The God of hosts.
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Woe to them that are at ease in Zion, and trust in the mountain of Samaria, which are named chief of the nations, to whom the house of Israel cameM
! <span class="ver">2</span>Pass ye unto Calneh, and see; and from thence go ye to Hamath the great: then go down to Gath of the Philistines: be they better than these kingdoms? or their border greater than your border? <span class="ver">3</span>Ye that put far away the evil day, and cause the seat of violence to come near; <span class="ver">4</span>That lie upon beds of ivory, and stretch themselves upon their couches, and eat the lambs out of the flock, and the calves out of the midst of the stall; <span class="vM
er">5</span>That chant to the sound of the viol, and invent to themselves instruments of musick, like David; <span class="ver">6</span>That drink wine in bowls, and anoint themselves with the chief ointments: but they are not grieved for the affliction of Joseph. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Therefore now shall they go captive with the first that go captive, and the banquet of them that stretched themselves shall be removed. <span class="ver">8</span>The Lord GOD hath sworn by himself, saith the LORD the GodM
of hosts, I abhor the excellency of Jacob, and hate his palaces: therefore will I deliver up the city with all that is therein. <span class="ver">9</span>And it shall come to pass, if there remain ten men in one house, that they shall die. <span class="ver">10</span>And a man
s uncle shall take him up, and he that burneth him, to bring out the bones out of the house, and shall say unto him that is by the sides of the house, Is there yet any with thee? and he shall say, No. Then shall he say, Hold thy tongue: forM
we may not make mention of the name of the LORD. <span class="ver">11</span>For, behold, the LORD commandeth, and he will smite the great house with breaches, and the little house with clefts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Shall horses run upon the rock? will one plow there with oxen? for ye have turned judgment into gall, and the fruit of righteousness into hemlock: <span class="ver">13</span>Ye which rejoice in a thing of nought, which say, Have we not taken to us horns by our own strength? <span class="vM
er">14</span>But, behold, I will raise up against you a nation, O house of Israel, saith the LORD the God of hosts; and they shall afflict you from the entering in of Hemath unto the river of the wilderness.
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Thus hath the Lord GOD shewed unto me; and, behold, he formed grasshoppers in the beginning of the shooting up of the latter growth; and, lo, it was the latter growth after the king
s mowings. <span class="ver">2</span>And it came to pass, that wheM
n they had made an end of eating the grass of the land, then I said, O Lord GOD, forgive, I beseech thee: by whom shall Jacob arise? for he is small. <span class="ver">3</span>The LORD repented for this: It shall not be, saith the LORD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Thus hath the Lord GOD shewed unto me: and, behold, the Lord GOD called to contend by fire, and it devoured the great deep, and did eat up a part. <span class="ver">5</span>Then said I, O Lord GOD, cease, I beseech thee: by whom shall Jacob arise?M
for he is small. <span class="ver">6</span>The LORD repented for this: This also shall not be, saith the Lord GOD. </p>
<p><span class="ver">7</span>Thus he shewed me: and, behold, the Lord stood upon a wall made by a plumbline, with a plumbline in his hand. <span class="ver">8</span>And the LORD said unto me, Amos, what seest thou? And I said, A plumbline. Then said the Lord, Behold, I will set a plumbline in the midst of my people Israel: I will not again pass by them any more: <span class="ver">9</span>And thM
e high places of Isaac shall be desolate, and the sanctuaries of Israel shall be laid waste; and I will rise against the house of Jeroboam with the sword. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Then Amaziah the priest of Beth-el sent to Jeroboam king of Israel, saying, Amos hath conspired against thee in the midst of the house of Israel: the land is not able to bear all his words. <span class="ver">11</span>For thus Amos saith, Jeroboam shall die by the sword, and Israel shall surely be led away captive out of their M
own land. <span class="ver">12</span>Also Amaziah said unto Amos, O thou seer, go, flee thee away into the land of Judah, and there eat bread, and prophesy there: <span class="ver">13</span>But prophesy not again any more at Beth-el: for it is the king
s chapel, and it is the king
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Then answered Amos, and said to Amaziah, I was no prophet, neither was I a prophet
s son; but I was an herdman, and a gatherer of sycomore fruit: <span class="ver">15</span>And the LORD M
took me as I followed the flock, and the LORD said unto me, Go, prophesy unto my people Israel. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Now therefore hear thou the word of the LORD: Thou sayest, Prophesy not against Israel, and drop not thy word against the house of Isaac. <span class="ver">17</span>Therefore thus saith the LORD; Thy wife shall be an harlot in the city, and thy sons and thy daughters shall fall by the sword, and thy land shall be divided by line; and thou shalt die in a polluted land: and Israel shallM
surely go into captivity forth of his land.
<h2 id="c8">Chapter 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Thus hath the Lord GOD shewed unto me: and behold a basket of summer fruit. <span class="ver">2</span>And he said, Amos, what seest thou? And I said, A basket of summer fruit. Then said the LORD unto me, The end is come upon my people of Israel; I will not again pass by them any more. <span class="ver">3</span>And the songs of the temple shall be howlings in that day, saith the Lord GOD: there shall be many deM
ad bodies in every place; they shall cast them forth with silence. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Hear this, O ye that swallow up the needy, even to make the poor of the land to fail, <span class="ver">5</span>Saying, When will the new moon be gone, that we may sell corn? and the sabbath, that we may set forth wheat, making the ephah small, and the shekel great, and falsifying the balances by deceit? <span class="ver">6</span>That we may buy the poor for silver, and the needy for a pair of shoes; yea, and sellM
the refuse of the wheat? <span class="ver">7</span>The LORD hath sworn by the excellency of Jacob, Surely I will never forget any of their works. <span class="ver">8</span>Shall not the land tremble for this, and every one mourn that dwelleth therein? and it shall rise up wholly as a flood; and it shall be cast out and drowned, as by the flood of Egypt. <span class="ver">9</span>And it shall come to pass in that day, saith the Lord GOD, that I will cause the sun to go down at noon, and I will darken the earth in tM
he clear day: <span class="ver">10</span>And I will turn your feasts into mourning, and all your songs into lamentation; and I will bring up sackcloth upon all loins, and baldness upon every head; and I will make it as the mourning of an only son, and the end thereof as a bitter day. </p>
<p><span class="ver">11</span>Behold, the days come, saith the Lord GOD, that I will send a famine in the land, not a famine of bread, nor a thirst for water, but of hearing the words of the LORD: <span class="ver">12</span>And M
they shall wander from sea to sea, and from the north even to the east, they shall run to and fro to seek the word of the LORD, and shall not find it. <span class="ver">13</span>In that day shall the fair virgins and young men faint for thirst. <span class="ver">14</span>They that swear by the sin of Samaria, and say, Thy god, O Dan, liveth; and, The manner of Beer-sheba liveth; even they shall fall, and never rise up again.
<h2 id="c9">Chapter 9</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>I saw the Lord standing upon M
the altar: and he said, Smite the lintel of the door, that the posts may shake: and cut them in the head, all of them; and I will slay the last of them with the sword: he that fleeth of them shall not flee away, and he that escapeth of them shall not be delivered. <span class="ver">2</span>Though they dig into hell, thence shall mine hand take them; though they climb up to heaven, thence will I bring them down: <span class="ver">3</span>And though they hide themselves in the top of Carmel, I will search and take thM
em out thence; and though they be hid from my sight in the bottom of the sea, thence will I command the serpent, and he shall bite them: <span class="ver">4</span>And though they go into captivity before their enemies, thence will I command the sword, and it shall slay them: and I will set mine eyes upon them for evil, and not for good. <span class="ver">5</span>And the Lord GOD of hosts is he that toucheth the land, and it shall melt, and all that dwell therein shall mourn: and it shall rise up wholly like a floodM
; and shall be drowned, as by the flood of Egypt. <span class="ver">6</span>It is he that buildeth his stories in the heaven, and hath founded his troop in the earth; he that calleth for the waters of the sea, and poureth them out upon the face of the earth: The LORD is his name. <span class="ver">7</span>Are ye not as children of the Ethiopians unto me, O children of Israel? saith the LORD. Have not I brought up Israel out of the land of Egypt? and the Philistines from Caphtor, and the Syrians from Kir? <span clasM
s="ver">8</span>Behold, the eyes of the Lord GOD are upon the sinful kingdom, and I will destroy it from off the face of the earth; saving that I will not utterly destroy the house of Jacob, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">9</span>For, lo, I will command, and I will sift the house of Israel among all nations, like as corn is sifted in a sieve, yet shall not the least grain fall upon the earth. <span class="ver">10</span>All the sinners of my people shall die by the sword, which say, The evil shall not overtake noM
<p><span class="ver">11</span>In that day will I raise up the tabernacle of David that is fallen, and close up the breaches thereof; and I will raise up his ruins, and I will build it as in the days of old: <span class="ver">12</span>That they may possess the remnant of Edom, and of all the heathen, which are called by my name, saith the LORD that doeth this. <span class="ver">13</span>Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that the plowman shall overtake the reaper, and the treader of grapes hM
im that soweth seed; and the mountains shall drop sweet wine, and all the hills shall melt. <span class="ver">14</span>And I will bring again the captivity of my people of Israel, and they shall build the waste cities, and inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, and drink the wine thereof; they shall also make gardens, and eat the fruit of them. <span class="ver">15</span>And I will plant them upon their land, and they shall no more be pulled up out of their land which I have given them, saith the LORD thy GoL
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The Anarchist Cookbook by William Powell
This book is for the people of the United States of
America. It is not written for the members of fringe politi-
cal groups, such as The Weathermen, or The Minutemen.
Those radical groups don
t need this book. They already
know everything that
s in here. If the real people of Amer-
ica, the silent majority, are going to survive, they must edu-
cate themselves. That is the purpose of this book.
In this day and age, ignorance is not only inexcusable,
l and perhaps fatal. The Anarchist Cookbook is
not a revolutionary work in itself, just as a gun cannot
shoot, but I have a sincere hope that it may stir some stag-
nant brain cells into action. If the people of the United
States do not protect themselves against the fascists, capi-
talists, and communists, they will not be around much
longer. Do I sound like an alarmist? Follow the process of
disintegration: from the most immediate capitalist pollu-
tion; through the rising inflation, which is creating an at-
here ripe for communism; to the final repression of
the people by the fascists in power:
Maybe I use the term revolution too frequently in this
book, without really defining it. I will do so here. I do not
particularly like any form of government but, if the major-
ity of the people seem to think that they are incapable of
governing themselves and want a government, then I think
the principles the United States was born with are about
the best there are. So now revolution comes to mean re-
vitalization, bringing AmM
erica back to where she was two
hundred years ago. This is the first time I
self as a reactionary.
I believe that the people in power
power, but also economic and social power
violently give up that power to the people. Power is not a
material possession that can be given, it is the ability to act.
Power must be taken, it is never given.
I hope that, by the time the two hundredth anniversary
of The First American Revolution rolls around, we will be
o look back at the sixties and early seventies as a
dark era in the great history of a free nation.
The human race, throughout its long history, has always
tried to uncover the meaning or essence of certain ideas or
concepts according to their particular frames of reference.
This is also true of the twentieth century, but man is travel-
ing so fast and his frame of reference is becoming so large
that it is almost impossible to keep up with it. Throughout
history, persons have attempted to redefine and M
definitions to currently prevalent questions: This also has
become increasingly difficult in this age of massive tech-
nological discoveries coupled with a perpetual information
and propaganda bombardment by the media. So I feel that
an attempt on my part to redefine anarchy in terms of the
twentieth century would be a pointless task. Such a pastime
is best left to the politicians and the academicians.
This is not the age of slender men in black capes lurking
in alleyways with round bombs, just as it is nM
political discussions in a Munich beer hall. This is a truly
unique age, where the individual has become the supreme
agent of anarchist theory, without his even being aware of
it. Anarchy can no longer be defined as freedom from op-
pression or lack of governmental control. It has gone fur-
ther than that. It has become, especially in the young
people today, a state of mind, an essence of being. It can
doing their own thing,
simply having the choice to do or not to M
Anarchy or anarchistic theory is the only ideology that is
in the least bit optimistic. It places the full weight of re-
sponsibility where it should be
on the shoulders of all the
people, not just the select few. Its basic premise relies on
an unshakable faith in human nature, and the primary
goodness of the human race.
Today, young people are not blind idealists. They are
perhaps the most rational and practical generation this '
country has ever seen. There is no great movement com-
parable to the RussianM
or French revolutions. There are
just a great many individuals working as entities unto
themselves, to create a new world order. Today has
brought forth a great revival of anarchy in all fields: poli-
tics, arts, music, education, and even to a small degree in
business. Although this surge of individualism is present,
t find too many people willing to call it anarchy.
An anarchist is not necessarily a revolutionary, although
it is more common than not that a person who has M
tempted to rid himself of exterior controls, for the purpose
of developing his own philosophy, will find himself oppres-
sed. This oppression may lead the individual to formulate
ideas of insurrection and revolution.
This book is for anarchists
those who feel able to dis-
on all the subjects (from drugs, to
weapons, to explosives) that are currently illegal and sup-
pressed in this country. It is my firm belief that the only
laws an individual can truly respect and obey are those he
nstills in himself. This is not a revolutionary book in any
traditional sense, but its premise is the sanctity of human
dignity. If this human individual dignity and pride cannot
be attained in the existing social order, there is only one
choice for a real man, and that is revolution.
There will never be a traditional revolution in this coun-
try, in the sense of the Russian or French revolutions. The
revolution in this country has already started. It is a multi-
faceted battle on many different fronts. It is a batM
ally between the young freedom fighters in Chicago and the
stagnant system, represented by arthritic old men making
laws they do not understand, and making wars they have
no feeling for. It is a battle between the poor blacks and
the rich employers. It is a battle between the artists and
the censors. It is a battle between the Black Panthers and
the police. It is a battle between the welfare mother and
the bureaucracy of the city, and surprisingly enough it en-
compasses the yearly baM
ttle between the taxpayer and the
Internal Revenue Service. All these battles are but part of a
larger war, being fought to liberate the minds and bodies of
the people who feel freedom is the most important concept
If I could come out in this book and advocate complete
revolution and the violent overthrow of the United States
of America, without being thrown in jail, I would not have
written The Anarchist Cookbook, and there would be no
Read this book, but keep in mind that the topics wM
about here are illegal and constitutes a threat. Also, more
importantly, almost all the recipes are dangerous, especially
to the individual who plays around with them without
knowing what he is doing. Use care, caution, and common
sense. This book is not for children or morons.
Freedom will cure most things. . . .
A. S. Neill, Summerhill
Drugs are not central to anarchy, have nothing to do
with politics, and may be considered the opposite of revolution, since their use tends to create apathy. I M
ally that this country is going through two revolutions: On
one hand there is the political struggle, and on the other
we are witnessing a cultural renaissance. The use of drugs
comes under the birth of a new culture. After all the
political battles have been fought and won, then will come
the most difficult time of all. This is the time when the en-
black and white, right and left
move together to form a new society. This new society is
being written about, talked about,M
planned by everyone. It
will have to be a type of society completely devoid of the
repression that is so present today. It will have to be based
on respect, since the churches have a monopoly on trust.
The use of drugs in this new culture will be free. There
will be no more political arrests for pot or acid, for who
will arrest whom? There will be no more black kids in jail,
oil trumped-up charges, for there will be no more jails.
Pot is central to the revolution. It weakens social con-
ditioning and helps creaM
te a whole new state of mind. The
slogans of the revolution are going to be pot, freedom,
license. The bolsheviks of the revolution will be long-
A quote from Jerry Rubin, who was
sentenced early in 1970 to over five years for effectively
Certain drugs affect the mind and allow the individual,
for the first time, to see the world freely, without enforced
values and rituals. For the first time the person can see
clearly the real inequities and the farcical absurdities. The
ntiquated drug laws and the archaic lawmakers have given
us an underground. Now it is our job to make good use of
Pot, grass, or marihuana is available anywhere in the
country, as the black market is widespread and thriving
very well. Marihuana goes under a whole slew of names,
such as Acapulco gold, Panama red, Vietnam green, and
New York white. All of these names depict the potency
and place of natural origin. Mexican and Vietnamese mari-
huana are probably the best on the American market. Mid-
n grass is also highly prized, but not so readily
available. There is no way of knowing what you are buy-
ing. without first trying it, as most grasses look alike and
smell very similar regardless of potency. The most inter-
esting of all the different types of grasses is New York
white, as it is a natural growth of high potency in a large
metropolitan city. It is often found in vacant lots, growing
by the side of alleys, and in schoolyards; but, strangely
enough, the place where it has cropped up in abundance is
n the sewers. The Department of Health and Sanitation
have attempted to explain this phenomenon in several published reports. They have stated that the practice by illegal
users of dumping marihuana seeds down the toilet, to pre-
vent arrests, has resulted in massive subterranean growths.
These growths were held directly responsible for many
floods and blocked sewers. Apparently, according to the re-
port, the conditions in the sewers are ideal for the growth
of marihuana. It is damp and warm, and there is enough
debris lying around to make good fertilizer. The sewer
plants usually reach a height of between 1 2 and 1 5 feet and
are bleached white because of the lack of sunlight. This
could answer a lot of questions
such as what the rats
were doing in the middle of the Park Avenue mall.
There are many different methods of growing grass, and
it seems that everyone has just discovered the best fertilizer.
I could not relay all of the methods in five books, so I
have settled for two techniques which have proven ex-
ely successful for me.
Most seeds are fertile, but the best are from Mexico.
Never in any circumstances throw seeds away, since mari-
huana is a weed and will grow almost anywhere. The first
step is to soak your seeds overnight in clean, lukewarm
water. Your container should be a standard planter box. If
this is not available, a plastic dish tray about two inches
deep will serve just as well. Fill the container with washed
fine sand and shredded sphagnum moss. If this is not readi-
ly available, you caM
n use regular soil. The soil should be
packed firmly, and watered well so that the excess water is
allowed to run off. Dig furrows the full length of the con-
tainer about one-half-inch deep. Now you are ready to
sow your seeds. Do so every inch. Fill in each furrow with
soil, sand, moss, and water. Cover the container with a
clear plastic sheet, and place it in a warm location where
there are at least six hours of sunlight a day. The plants
now remain on their own until they develop their first
f the material mentioned above is not available,
almost the same degree of success can be accomplished by
placing the seeds on several layers of water-soaked paper
towels. Now cover the seeds with a plastic sheet just as
above, and expose to sunlight.
In about one week, signs of life should start to appear.
Within two weeks, definite little leaves should be present.
This is the time to transplant. The plot you intend to use
for your transplant should be carefully prepared. Manure
should be used for at least one weeM
actual transplant. The soil should be similar to the original
soil used in the germinating box. All other weeds, in the
general area of your plot, should be pulled up to allow
your plant as much freedom of growth as possible.
The original germinating box should be watered the day
before you are going to transplant, so as to make the move
easier on the plants, and cut root damage to a minimum.
The plants should be placed in holes two to three inches
deep, depending on the size of the plant. The eM
the plant should be loose, and, if possible, some earthworms
should be added. If there is a lack of sunlight, a simple ring
of tin foil around the plant can be very helpful. The first
few days are the most critical after the actual transplant.
If the plants survive the shock, there should be no reason
t grow into healthy, fully grown plants
(which means, in certain climates, fifteen to twenty feet
Very little care is needed after this stage, with the excep-
ization. For fertilizers, one can use manure,
soluble nitrogen, nitrate of soda, sulfate of ammonia, or
rotting garbage (which has always been popular). To pro-
duce a stronger plant, one can clip off the lower leaves; do
this only when the plant reaches a height of at least three
feet. The ground surrounding your plant should be kept
clear of other weeds but, strangely enough, insects ignore
marihuana and do no harm.
As a rule, it is better to wait until the plants have gone
to seed before they are cutM
kill the goose that laid the golden egg. The best agent for
drying is the sun, but if you live in the city it could prove
embarrassing and dangerous to have five- or ten-foot mari-
huana trees on your fire escape
in this case a sun lamp
can be used. When using the sun, drying usually takes
about two weeks. With a sun lamp, the pot is smokable
after only three or four days. When drying is done, separ-
ate the leaves and crush them. This will be the finest
smoke, unless you haveM
a female plant. If so, save the blos-
soms for the most potent smoke there is. The stems and
twigs can be chopped up and smoked in a pipe, or sold to a
Grass is basically a weed and can be grown anywhere,
including indoors with artificial light. A sun lamp works
well from a distance of two to three feet. For an interest-
ing experiment, use infra-red light on part of your crop
and a sun lamp on the other part, then compare. A bathtub
or cement mixer is an ideal planter for the city dweller.
his method is slightly more complicated than the last,
but has achieved really good results.
First of all, you need a germinating box. This is con-
structed as follows: Take one wooden milk crate and cut
away the sides to six inches from its bottom (check the
bottom diagram in Figure 1 ) . Cover the opening with clear
plastic, leaving one flap open. Nail a strip of wood across
the top and fix to it a sixty-watt light bulb. Now you have
your germinating box. You will need Kitty Litter and mil-
ake one. part manure or milorganite and mix
with five parts Kitty Litter, and fill the germinating box
with two or three inches of this mixture and saturate with
water. Now, place seeds, 20 to 30 per square inch, on top
of the soil and cover with a quarter inch of milorganite and
Kitty Litter. Keep the sixty-watt light bulb on twenty-four
hours a day. When the seeds have broken the surface, use
the bulb only as a supplement for regular sunlight.
The plants should be grown in the germinating box for
hen transplanted. To transplant, select a
spot with reasonably fertile soil, and of course reasonably
safe from being discovered. When this is done, dig a hole
about one foot deep and as wide as necessary. Leave each
seedling room enough to grow; in other words, don
To help stimulate growth, use peat, milorganite, manure,
or any of the fertilizers mentioned in the first method, be-
fore planting. After planting, water your plants, and use
about a cup of hydrated lime per square yard of yourM
Marihuana usually takes four to eight months to mature,
but it does adapt amazingly well to almost any growing
season. You can usually tell the female plant, as it will be the
smaller of the two. It should be treated with special care.
To cure your crop, the ideal method is to hang the plants
upside down in a barn or similar structure, where the ven-
tilation is good. Now let the crop take its time. If you are
in a hurry for some reason, and do not have a barn avail-
able, you can dry your crop in the oven aM
below 200 degrees. A sun lamp can also be used as in the
Grading marihuana goes as follows: The most potent
type of all is the female blossom tips (the sticky cluster of
small leaves and seeds just at the tip of the female plant) .
The small female inside upper leaves are also very potent.
They are often found covered with resin and are con-
sidered the second grade. The third grade of marihuana is
the upper female leaves, which are potent but not as much
as the first two grades. The fM
ourth and final grade is made
up of the male blossoms and all the male leaves on the
upper half of the stem.
If you decide against growing your own pot, for one
reason or another, you still should have no difficulty in ob-
taining grass. When buying grass, or anything illegal, there
are several important things to remember. First, and prob-
ably most important, is not to buy on the street, and in no
circumstances buy from a stranger. Believe it or not, the
cops are paying out millions of dollars a year to keep plaiM
clothesmen wandering around the streets trying to bust
people. There is another reason that buying on the street
is a bad scene: You don
t get a chance to try the stuff be-
fore you buy it. The chances will be very good that when
you get home, you will find that you have bought some of
the best-tasting parsley or oregano that you have ever
Many people after cleaning their grass throw away the
seeds, stems, and twigs. I would highly recommend that
you save these, as there are many recipM
and ends. A tasty hot drink that resembles tea can be
made very simple by tying up all the waste from your stash
into a muslin ball or into a piece of cheesecloth. Use the
quantity you have on hand, as the quantity will determine
the strength and potency. Now, drop the cheesecloth con-
taining the grass into a kettle of water, and bring the water
to a boil. Allow the kettle to boil for a few minutes, and
then remove it from the flame and let it steep for another
five minutes with the grass still iM
nside. After this, the drink
is ready. Just add sugar and lemon to taste.
If you decide against growing pot, and want to eat your
seeds, there is an interesting recipe for
It is prepared by lightly toasting a quarter of a cup of
seeds into a large frying pan. Now, take the seeds from
the frying pan and add them to a mixture of one cup of
pancake mix, one egg, a quarter cup of milk, and one table-
spoon of butter. Beat this mixture until it is smooth and
creamy. Heat a frying pan with a small amM
then pour in pancake batter. Turn the pancakes as they
start to look done, or when the edges begin to turn brown.
Repeat procedure until all the batter is used. Serve pan-
cakes with butter, maple syrup, and honey.
For a stimulating drink (sounds like all the rest of the
cookbooks) place eight ounces milk, a few spoonfuls
sugar, a tablespoon malted milk, half a banana, a half
tablespoon grass, and three betel nuts in a blender. Keep
the anarchist cookbook
Container showing Vi -inch
c 1. Methods for growing marihuana.
the blender working full speed for a few minutes, then
If you like candy, it
s very simple Jo make some using pot.
Take a quarter cup of powdered grass and add water until it
equals a full cup. Mix this with four cups sugar and two and
a half cups corn syrup. Now heat in a large pot to 310 de-
grees, and add red food coloring and mint flavoring. Remove
the pot from the stove, and allow the mixture to cool a little,
before pouring it onto wax paper. When theM
cut it into squares and eat.
One of the most common recipes for cooking with pot is
spaghetti. This recipe doesn
t take too much special pre-
paration: Just when you add your oregano, add at the same
time a quarter cup grass, and allow it to simmer with the
sauce. Be sure to use well-cleaned grass, unless you can
get into eating twigs and stems. Another way of serving pot
with spaghetti is to grind it up very fine and mix it with
some ground cheese. Then sprinkle the cheese-pot mixture
auce just before eating.
Dessert is probably the most important stage of the
meal, since it will be the last thing your guests remember
before they pass out all over your table. For an interesting
dessert, grind a quarter ounce of grass very finely, and add
enough water so it forms a paste. Now separately dissolve
one and a half cups sugar into two cups milk. Add to this
your pot paste and one lemon rind grated. Beat in a half
cup heavy cream, until the mixture is firm and thick. Now
pour the mixture into ice cube M
trays and freeze. Just before
re ready to serve, rebeat the frozen mush until it be-
comes light and fluffy.
Since everyone else has a private recipe for an aphro-
t I put one in here? I
tell me, in all seriousness, that they believe the only true
aphrodisiac is a case of beer in the back seat of a
re not into that, you might as well try
this recipe, because it
s got to work better than a case of
beer. Pound one tablespoon unground mace, twM
rides beetles, one teaspoon fresh red saffron, and one tea-
spoon of the best quality grass you can find. Pound all the
ingredients together until they form a powder. Now add
one pint of water and heat to boiling point. After boiling
for a few minutes, reduce the heat and simmer for 45 min-
utes or so, until the liquid is reduced to about a quarter of
a cup. This can be served as a drink or over brown rice. I
have not tried this recipe, as I have been unable to locate
On the following pagM
es are some additional recipes for
3 ripe avocados 3 tablespoons wine
Vi cup chopped onions vinegar
2 teaspoons chili powder Vi cup chopped grass
Mix the vinegar, grass, and chili powder together and let
the mixture stand for one hour. Then add avocados and
onions and mash all together. It can be served with tacos
1 can condensed beef Vi can water
broth 3 tablespoons chopped
3 tablespoons grass watercress
Combine all ingredients in a sM
aucepan and bring to a boil
over medium heat. Place in refrigerator for two to three
hours, reheat, and serve.
Pork and Beans and Pot
1 large can (1 lb., 13 Vi cup light molasses
oz.) pork and beans Vi teaspoon hickory salt
Vi cup grass 3 pineapple rings
Mix together in a casserole, cover top with pineapple and
bacon, bake at 350 degrees for about 45 minutes. Serves
1 lb. hamburger Vi cup bread crumbs
Vi cup chopped onions 3 tablespoons grass
1 can cream of 3 tablespoons IndiM
mushroom soup relish
Mix it all up and shape into meat balls. Brown in frying
pan and drain. Place in a casserole with soup and Vi cup
water, cover and cook over low heat for about thirty min-
utes. Feeds about four people.
1 can ( 6 oz. ) tomato
2 tablespoons olive oil
Vi cup chopped onions
Vi cup chopped grass
Vi clove minced garlic
Mix in a large pot, cover and simmer with frequent stirring
ours. Serve over spaghetti.
1 packet onion soup mix 2 lbs. ground beef
1 (16 oz.) can whole 1 egg
peeled tomatoes 4 slices bread, crumbed
14 cup chopped grass
Mix all ingredients and shape into a loaf. Bake for one
hour in 400-degree oven. Serves about six.
2 lbs. pinto beans Vi clove garlic
1 lb. bacon, cut into 1 cup chopped grass
two-inch sections Vi cup mushrooms
Soak beans overnight in water. In a large pot pour boiling
water over beans and simM
mer for at least an hour, adding
more water to keep beans covered. Now add all other in-
gredients and continue to simmer for another three hours.
Salt to taste. Serves about ten.
5 cups rye bread crumbs V6 cup chopped onions
2 tablespoons poultry 3 tablespoons melted
Vi cup each of raisins and Vi cup chopped grass
almonds 2 tablespoons red wine
Mix it all together, then stuff it in.
4 apples (cored) 4 cherries
Vi cup brown sugar Vi cup chopped grass
er 2 tablespoons cinnamon
Powder the grass in a blender, then mix grass with sugar
and water. Stuff cores with this paste. Sprinkle apples with
cinnamon, and top with a cherry. Bake for 25 minutes at
Vi cup flour 1 egg (beaten)
3 tablespoons shortening 1 tablespoon water
' 2 tablespoons honey Vi cup grass
pinch of salt 1 square melted
Vi teaspoon baking chocolate
powder 1 teaspoon vanilla
Vi cup sugar Vi cup chopped nuts
2 tablespoons corn syrup
Sift flour, baking powder, and salt togetherM
ing, sugar, honey, syrup, and egg. Then blend in chocolate
and other ingredients, mix well. Spread in an eight-inch
pan and bake for 20 minutes at 350 degrees.
Vi cup shortening 1 cup mashed bananas
2 eggs 2 cups sifted flour
1 teaspoon lemon juice Vi cup chopped grass
3 teaspoons baking Vi teaspoon salt
powder 1 cup chopped nuts
Mix the shortening and sugar, beat eggs, and add to mix-
ture. Separately mix bananas with lemon juice and add to
the first mixture. Sift flour, salM
t, and baking powder to-
gether, then mix all ingredients together. Bake for 1V4
hours at 375 degrees.
3 oz. ground roast 14 cup honey
sesame seeds Vi teaspoon ground
3 tablespoons ground ginger
almonds 14 teaspoon cinnamon
14 teaspoon nutmeg 14 oz. grass
Toast the grass until slightly brown and then crush it in a
mortar. Mix crushed grass with all other ingredients, in a
skillet. Place skillet over low flame and add 1 tablespoon of
salt butter. Allow it to cook. When cool, roll mixture into
tle balls and dip them into the sesame seeds.
If you happen to be in the country at a place where
pot is being grown, here
s one of the greatest recipes you
can try. Pick a medium-sized leaf off the marihuana plant
and dip it into a cup of drawn butter, add salt, and eat.
Hashish, or hash, is nothing more than the essence of the
marihuana plant extracted and hardened into a block.
Hash is usually smoked in a pipe, although there are many
recipes that employ it as an ingredient.
I have heard people say that hash hM
as a different effect
than marihuana. This is not true, in the sense that there is
no difference between the two, with the exception being
that hash is a good deal stronger. The most amazing thing
about hashish is the price on the black market. An ounce
of hash usually sells for anywhere between $60 and $100,
depending on supply and demand. I say the price is amaz-
ing because, with one kilo (2.2 lbs.) of grass, a person can
easily make seven or eight ounces of hash. The usual price
for a kilo of grass is about M
$150, whereas seven ounces of
hash might bring $700.
The process for extracting the essence of marihuana is
a simple one, but it requires the utmost care. You need a
kilo of grass to begin with, and a screen to sift it through. A
kilo of grass usually comes in a block, compressed to-
gether, so break down the block and gently put it through
the screen. Remove all the dirt and foreign objects, but do
not take out the stems. The seeds should also be taken
out, as they are much too greasy for good hash. Now that
ave separated the kilo and sifted it, place it in a large
pot and cover with rubbing alcohol (about one and a half
gallons per kilo). Now boil the mixture for about three
hours. Be sure to use a hot plate or electric stove rather
than gas, as alcohol is highly inflammable, and should
never be exposed to a naked flame. After three hours,
strain liquids out of the pot and store in a plastic container
Now take the mush you have left and
repeat the boiling with fresh alcohol for another threeM
hours. After two alcohol extractions, each time using fresh
alcohol, follow the same procedure but substitute water for
alcohol. The water must be boiled at a higher temperature
than the alcohol, but for only one hour. This boiling pro-
cedure with water should be performed twice. Once these
procedures have been performed, strain off the liquids
again and store in another container, and label
Now reduce volumes of both solutions by boiling in
separate pots, turn down the heat as each solution begM
to thicken. When each solution is reasonably thickened,
combine them and boil a little more on the hot plate. At
this point the solution should have the consistency of
modeling clay. Now heat a cupful of turpentine, and add to
the mush. Be extra careful with the turpentine, as even the
vapors are inflammable. Add 2 ozs. of pine resin and
stir pot for ten minutes, under low heat. Now pour mush
into a baking tin, two or three inches deep, and heat in the
oven for 15 minutes at 350 degrees. After this you should
ave some really good hash but, if the hash is still greasy
after this last step, just leave it in the oven for another ten
minutes or so until it dries out. Be careful not to burn the
This last recipe is for the extraction of hashish from
marihuana, but in the Middle Eastern countries, where
they can afford it, there is another method for the prepara-
tion of hash. When the hemp or marihuana plants are dry-
ing, they are hung upside down in a room lined with bur-
lap. As the plants dry, the resin and smaller M
the burlap. When, after a few weeks, the burlap is taken
up, the material covering it is the finest-quality marihuana
extraction possible. This substance is taken and boiled,
then compressed together to form a hard solid.
Hash can be smoked either in a pipe or by mixing it
with tobacco in a cigarette. Traditionally, hashish has been
smoked in a hookah or water pipe, which is nothing more
than a large pipe that takes the smoke and cools it by run-
ning it through water. The hookah is more than just M
in many Middle Eastern countries, since it has more than
one hose, and more than one smoker can participate at a
time. I have heard that substituting wine or flavored brandy
for the water is a fantastic way to get there.
Hash is also an excellent way to enhance your cooking.
It has had a long history in the kitchen, going all the way
back to the early civilizations around the Ganges River. It
is also noted that many famous personalities throughout
history had experiences M
with hashish. Marco Polo on his
return to Italy mentioned frequently in his diary a strange
substance that put a man in a drunkenlike stupor, yet it was
unlike anything he had experienced before.
4 cups sifted flour V 2 teaspoon salt
1 teaspoon baking V 2 cup butter
Mix baking powder, salt, and flour together in a bowl, then
add to this the eggs and honey. Work the mixture with your
hands until it forms a dough. Roll the dough out and cut
into three-inch squares. NoM
w put dough aside and work on
1 whole grated nutmeg
Vs oz. powdered hash
Vi cup ground walnuts
V 2 cup chopped dates
V 2 cup ground almonds
Put all the ingredients into a pan and mix with V 2 cup
water. Heat until fruits are softened and water has evapor-
ated. Pour mixture into a skillet, add three tablespoons
butter, and heat for five minutes. The filling is now ready.
Place a heaping tablespoon of filling oM
n each piece of pas-
try. Fold up the edges of the pastry, to keep the filling in,
and bake at 350 degrees for about 25 minutes. This recipe
usually makes between two and three dozen cookies.
Vi cup chopped chicken
4 tablespoons canned
V 2 cup chopped turnip
Take a large pot and grease the bottom with V 4 cup olive
jil. Place in the pot the half chopped onions, chicken livers,M
md turnip. Cook for a half hour over low heat. Now add
1 pint and a half of water, three tablespoons butter, four
ablespoons tomato paste, the peas, and the noodles. Mix
lour with a cup of water and make a paste. Stir paste and
towdered hash into the pot. Add salt and pepper, and boil
or 15 minutes, stirring constantly. As soon as the soup
; off the fire, add the eggs and serve immediately.
.2 teaspoons powdered
Cut the bananas into a skillM
et and fry until slightly brown.
Do not overcook. At the same time, fry the bacon in the
same pan, for it adds an interesting flavor to the bananas.
Mix the powdered hash with the brown sugar. Then wrap
each fried banana with a strip of bacon, and serve with
hash and brown sugar sprinkled on top.
V 2 cup sweet butter
5 grams powdered hash
Melt the chocolate and butter together, then add sugaM
hash. The mixture must be beaten until it is creamy. Sift
flour, baking powder, and salt together, and then add to
mixture. Pour the mixture into a cookie tray and bake for
thirty minutes at 375 degrees. When cool, cut brownies
into small squares and top with chopped nuts.
I think, of all the drugs on the black market today, LSD
is the most interesting and the strangest. It is the most re-
cent major drug to come to life in the psychedelic subcul-
ture. Huxley experimented with mescaline many years be-
re psychedelics reached their mass-market proportions,
but this experimentation was not with the same frame of
mind as these drugs are handled today. Probably the great-
granddaddy to the whole psychedelic community was An-
tonin Artaud, who personally experimented with peyote in
Mexico. The difference between Huxley
experimentation was that Huxley managed to keep his
experiences under laboratory controls, which he set up
himself, whereas Artaud allowed his experiences to become
Artaud was changed by his encounters with
peyote, but is this bad? A dirty shirt is also changed when
it is washed. Through this change, Artaud was able to see
and understand ideas and concepts on a different level.
He was able to tear apart rationalizations, without regard
for contemporary methods of organization, or even con-
temporary versions of truth. Artaud found, in his own way,
his own truth and his own structure of values. They locked
I died at Rodez under electroshock.
I died. Legally and mM
Electroshock coma lasts fifteen minutes. A half an hour
or more and then the patient breathes.
Now one hour after the shock, I still had not awakened
and had stopped breathing. Surprised at my abnormal
rigidity, an attendant had gone to get the physician in
charge, who, after examining me with a stethoscope, found
no more signs of life in me.
This passage is taken from The Artaud Anthology,
published by City Lights Publishers. I find it extremely
difficult to throw this off as the ravings of a madmanM
that be true, then there can be no truth, only madness and
sanity, logic and illogic. If one then accepts the acceptable,
he finds a narrow channel is clear, but the presence of il-
logic and the so-called insanities will always pry and harp
LSD has never caused insanity. It does not have that
power. Only man can distinguish between sanity and in-
sanity. I have never seen an insane bird. Granted there are
some individuals who shouldn
t take psychedelics, but this
is, and must be, their M
choice. All LSD does is allow a man
to look upon ordinary things, everyday things, and even on
himself, many times for the first time, with clarity of vision.
He can look and not be hampered by false-propped values
and socially limited scope. He can look upon the world and
see beauty where it did not exist before. He can perceive
the ugliness for the first time. He can roar with laughter
at the multitude of absurdities surrounding him. He can
look into himself and see truthfully the mildew and the rot.
ring out latent qualities in your personal-
ity. It cannot make you into a crazy, just as it cannot make
you into a warmer, more beautiful, person. What LSD can
do is show you what you as a person are comprised of, and
break down truthfully your make-up. LSD is not a religion,
ve never found anything really divine about it at all.
The real religion, if you want to put it in those terms, is
the being itself. LSD is nothing more than a medium to dis-
cover the essence of being.
LSD, or acid, has been illegal M
for the last few years;
therefore it is readily available on the black market. When
buying anything on the black market, there are a couple
of things to note, but these are especially important with
1 . Never buy from a stranger, or on the street.
2. Never front money.
3. If you are holding a large amount of money, do not go
anywhere alone with someone you do not trust. Many
people who have got into dealing pot and acid are, in
4. When going to make a deal for dope, do not take a
you. This is provoking violence and legal
t trust the guy, then don
5. Never buy a large quantity of any drug without first
6. When making a deal for acid and you are at the deal-
s apartment, do not accept food or drink from him; for
the real acid may be in the food rather than the cap you
7. Bad acid is usually nothing more than speed, or rat
8. About a year ago there was a substance called L.B.J.
going around. If you happen to come acrosM
it. L.B.J. is a mixture of acid, belladonna, and heroin. It
is the freakiest, worst, most fucked-up trip you will ever
go on. Belladonna in quantity is a deadly poison.
9. About 99 percent of all of what is claimed to be
T.H.C. (synthetic pot) that is for sale on the street is
not really T.H.C. at all. The expense of making synthetic
pot is said to be about $15 per capsule, and a capsule of
alleged T.H.C. usually sells on the street for about $2.50.
Obviously the vendors are either philanthropists M
ly) or they are selling you something other than T.H.C.
10. When buying grass, watch out for damp grass or
grass sprayed with sugar, as this adds a lot of weight to the
11. Another favorite con game is
in the front, out the
This usually occurs when your dealer tells you he
is going up to an apartment to get your stuff, but you have
to front the money, and wait for him on the street. You
may be waiting a long time.
12. Do not attempt to smuggle any drugs across the bor-
The federal government has imposed a
re busting people left and right.
Making LSD in the laboratory
To make synthetic acid, you need a basic understand-
ing of chemistry and access to a lab. Since I don
understand all the chemical hocus-pocus, I
out and quote you the patent for it. If you don
stand chemistry, just skip this recipe and go on to the next
Preparation for Lysergic Acid Amides:
United States Patent OM
Patented February 28, 1956
Richard P. Pioch, Indianapolis, Indiana, assignor, to Eli
Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, a corporation of
No drawing. Application December 6, 1954, Serial No.
473,443. 10 Claims. (Cl. 260-285.5)
This invention relates to the preparation of lysergic
acid amides and to a novel intermediate compound use-
ful in the preparation of said amides.
Although only a few natural and synthetic amides of
lysergic acid are known, they possess a number of differ-
seful pharmacologic properties. Especially use-
ful is ergonovine, the N-(l(+)-l -hydroxy isopropyl)
amide of d-lysergic acid, which is employed commerci-
ally as an oxytocic agent.
Attempts to prepare lysergic acid amides by the usual
methods of preparing amides, such as reacting an amine
with lysergic acid chloride or with an ester of lysergic
acid, have been unsuccessful. United States Patents No.
2,090,429 and No. 2,090,430, describe processes of pre-
paring lysergic acid amides and, although these pro-
are effective to accomplish the desired conversion
of lysergic acid to one of its amides, they are not without
certain disadvantages.
By my invention I have provided a simple and con-
venient method of preparing lysergic acid amides, which
comprises reacting lysergic acid with trifluoroacetic an-
hydride to produce a mixed anhydride of lysergic and
trifluoroacetic acids, and when reacting the mixed an-
hydride with a nitrogenous base having at least one
hydrogen linked to nitrogen. The resulting amide of
cid is isolated from the reaction mixture by
The reaction of the lysergic and the trifluoroacetic
anhydride is a low temperature reaction, that is, it
must be carried out at a temperature below about 0 de-
grees C. The presently preferred temperature range is
about -15 C. to about -20 C. This range is suffi-
ciently high to permit the reaction to proceed at a desir-
ably fast rate, but yet provides an adequate safeguard
against a too rapid reaction which would result in a
high reaction temperatuM
re and consequent excessive de-
composition of the mixed anhydride.
The reaction is carried out in a suitable dispersing
agent, that is, one which is inert with respect to the re-
actants. The lysergic acid is relatively insoluble in dis-
persants suitable for carrying out the reaction, so it is
suspended in the dispersant.
Two gallons of trifluoroacetic anhydride are reouired
per mol. of lysergic acid for the rapid and complete
conversion of the lysergic acid into the mixed anhydride.
It appears that one molecule M
of the anhydride associates
with or favors an ionic adduct with one molecule of the
lysergic which contains a basic nitrogen atom and that
it is the adduct which reacts with a second molecule of
trifluoroacetic anhydride to form the mixed anhydride
along with one molecule of trifluoroacetic acid. The
conversion of the lysergic acid to the mixed anhydride
occurs within a relatively short time, but to insure a
complete conversion the reaction is allowed to proceed
for about one to three hours.
The mixed anhydride of M
lysergic and trifluoroacetic
acids is relatively unstable, especially at room tempera-
ture and above, and must be stored at a low tempera-
ture. This temperature instability of the mixed anhy-
dride makes it desirable that it be converted into a ly-
sergic acid amide without unnecessary delay. The mixed
anhydride itself, since it contains a lysergic acid group,
also can exist in the reaction mixture in large part as an
ionic adduct with trifluoroacetic anhydride or trifluoro-
ace'tic acid. It is important for maxiM
uct that the lysergic acid employed in the reaction be
dry. It is most convenient to dry the acid by heating it at
about 105-110 degrees C. in a vacuum of about 1mm.
of mercury or less for a few hours, although any other
customary means of drying can be used.
The conversion of the mixed anhydride into an amide
by reacting the anhydride with the nitrogenous base,
such as an amino compound, can be carried out at room
temperature or below. Most conveniently the reaction is
carried out by adding M
the cold solution of the mixed an-
hydride to the amino compound or a solution thereof
which is at about room temperature. Because of the
acidic components present in the reaction mixture of the
mixed anhydride, about five mols or equivalents of the
amino compound are required per mole or equivalent
of mixed anhydride for maximal conversion of the
mixed anhydride to the amide. Preferably a slight excess
over the five mols is employed to insure complete utili-
zation of the mixed anhydride. If desired, a basic sub-
stance capable of neutralizing the acid components pres-
ent in the reaction mixture, but incapable of interfering
with the reaction, can be utilized. A strongly basic terti-
ary amine is an example of such a substance. In such
case, about one equivalent of amino compound to be
converted to a lysergic acid amide, as well as any un-
converted lysergic acid, can be removed from the re-
action mixture and can be re-employed in other con-
A preferred method for carrying out the process of
this invention is asM
Dry lysergic acid is suspended in a suitable vehicle as
acetonitrile, and the suspension is cooled to about -15
C. or -20 C. To the suspension is then added slowly a
solution of about two equivalents of trifluoroacetic an-
hydride dissolved in acetonitrile and previously cooled
to about -20 degrees C. The mixture is maintained in
a low temperature for about one to three hours to insure
the completion of the formation of the mixed anhydride
of lysergic and trifluoroacetic acids.
The solution of the mixed aM
nhydride is then added to
about five equivalents of the amino compound which is
to be reacted with the mixed anhydride. The amino
compound need not be previously dissolved in a solvent,
although it is usually convenient to use a solvent. The
reaction is carried out with the amino compound or
solution of amino compound at or about room tempera-
ture or below. The reaction mixture is allowed to stand
at room temperature for one or two hours, preferably in
the dark, and the solvent is then removed by evapora-
vacuo at a temperature which desirably is not
greatly in excess of room temperature. The viscous resi-
due, consisting of the amide together with excess amine
and amine salts, is taken up in a mixture of chloroform
and water. The water is separated and the chloroform
solution which contains the amide is washed several
times with water to remove excess amine and the vari-
ous amine salts formed in the reaction, including that of
any unconverted lysergic acid. The chloroform solution
is then dried and evaporated, leaM
ving a residue of lyser-
gic acid amide. The amide so obtained can be purified
by any conventional procedure.
Dispersants suitable for the purpose of this invention
are those which are liquids at the low temperatures em-
ployed for the reaction and are of such an inert nature
that they will not react preferentially to the lysergic acid
with trifluoroacetic anhydride. Among suitable dispers-
ants are acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, propionitrile,
an<4 the like. Additional suitable agents will readily be
from the foregoing enumeration. Of those
listed above, acetonitrile is preferred since it is non-re-
activi and mobile at the temperature used, and is rela-
tively volatile and hence readily separable from the re-
action mixture by evaporation in vacuo.
A wide variety of nitrogenous bases such as amino
compounds can be reacted with the mixed anhydride to
form a lysergic acid amide. As previously stated, the
amino compound must contain a hydrogen atom at-
tached to nitrogen to permit amide formation. Illustra-
amino compounds which can be reacted are am-
monia, hydrazine, primary amines such as glycine,
ethanolamine, diglycylglycine, norephedrine, aminopro-
panol, butanolamine, diethylamine, ephedrine, and the
When an alkanolamine such as ethanolamine or
aminopropanol is reacted with the mixed anhydride of
lysergic and trifluoroacetic acids, the reaction product
contains not only the desired hydroxy amide but also,
to a minor extent, some amino ester. These two iso-
metric substances arise because of the bi-functioM
nature of the reacting alkanolamine. Ordinarily the am-
ino ester amounts to no more than 25-30 percent of
the total amount of reaction product, but in cases where
the amino group is esterically hindered, the proportion
of ammo ester will be increased. The amino ester can
readily be converted to the desired hydroxy amide, and
the over-all yield of the latter increased by treating the
amino ester, or the mixture of amide and ester with al-
coholic alkali to cause the rearrangement of the amino
ed hydroxy amide. Most conveniently
the conversion is carried out by dissolving the amino
ester or mixture containing the amino ester in a mini-
mum amount of alcohol and adding to the mixture a
twofold amount of 4 N alcoholic potassium hydroxide
solution. The mixture is allowed to stand at room tem-
perature for several hours, the alkali is neutralized with
acid, and the lysergic acid amide is then isolated and
It should be understood that, as used herein, the
generically as inclusive of
any or all of the four possible stereoisomers having the
basic lysergic acid structure. Isomers of the lysergic
acid series can be separated or interconverted by means
This invention is further illustrated by the following
Preparation of the mixed anhydride of lysergic and tri-
5.36 g. of d-lysergic acid are suspended in 125 ml. of
acetonitrile and the suspension is cooled to about -20
degrees C. To this suspension is aM
dded a cold (-20 de-
grees C.) solution of 8.82 g. of trifluoroacetic anhydride
in 75 ml. of acetonitrile. The mixture is allowed to stand
at -20 degrees C. for about 1 '/i hours during which time
the suspended material dissolves, and the d-lysergic acid
is converted to the mixed anhydride of lysergic and tri-
fluoroacetic acids. The mixed anhydride can be separ-
ated in the form of an oil by evaporating the solvent in
vacuo at a temperature below about 0 degrees centi-
Preparation of d-lysergic M
acid N,N-diethyl amide:
A solution of the mixed anhydride of lysergic acid and
trifluoroacetic acid in 200 ml. of acetonitrile is obtained
by reacting 5.36 g. d-lysergic acid and 8.82 g. trifluoro-
acetic anhydride in accordance with the procedure of
example one. The acetonitrile solution containing mixed
anhydride is added to 1 50 ml. of acetonitrile containing
7.6 g. of diethylamine. The mixture is held in the dark
at room temperature for about two hours. The acetoni-
trile is evaporated in vacuo leaving a residuM
forms of d-lysergic
acid N,N-diethyl amide together with some lysergic acid.
the diethylamine salt of trifluoroacetic acid and like by-
products. The residue is dissolved in a mixture of 150
ml. of chloroform and 20 ml. of ice water. The chloro-
form layer is separated, and the aqueous layer is ex-
tracted with four 50 ml. portions of chloroform. The
chloroform extracts are combined and are washed four
times with about 50 ml. portions of cold water in order
residual amounts of amine salts. The chloro-
form layer is then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate,
and the chloroform is evaporated in vacuo. A solid resi-
due of 3.45 gm. comprising the
forms of d-lysergic acid N,N-diethylamide is obtained
This material is dissolved in 160 ml. of a 3-to-l mixture
of benzene and chloroform, and is chromatographed
over 240 g. of basic alumina. As the chromatogram is
developed with the same solvent, two blue fluorescing
zones appear on the alumina columnM
moving zone is d-lysergic acid N,N-diethylamide which
is eluted with about 3000 ml. of the same solvent as
above, the course of the elution being followed by
watching the downward movement of the more rapidly
moving blue fluorescing zone. The eluate is treated with
tartaric acid to form the acid tartrate of d-lysergic acid
N,N-diethyl amide which is isolated. The acid tartrate
of d-lysergic acid N,N-diethyl amide melts with decom-
position at about 190-196 degrees Centigrade.
The di-iso-lysergic M
acid N,N-diethyl amide which
remains absorbed on the alumina column as the second
fluorescent zone is removed from the column by elution
with chloroform. The
form of the amide is recov-
ered by evaporating the chloroform eluate to dryness in
Preparation of d-lysergic acid N-diethylaminoethyl
A solution of the mixed anhydride of lysergic acid
and trifluoroacetic acid is prepared from 2.68 g. of d-
lysergic acid and 4.4 g. of trifluoroacetic acid anhydride
in 100 ml. of acetonitrM
ile by the method of Example
One. This solution is added to 6:03 g. of diethylamino-
ethylamine. The reaction mixture is kept in the dark at
room temperature for \Vt hours. The acetonitrile is
evaporated, and the residue treated with chloroform and
water as described in Example Two. The residue treated
comprising d-iso-lysergic acid N-diethylaminoethyl amide
is dissolved in several ml. of ethyl acetate, and the solu-
tion is cooled to about 0 degrees centigrade, whereupon
di-iso-lysergic acid N-diethylaminoethyl amM
ates in crystalline form. The crystalline material is filtered
off, and the filtrate reduced in volume to obtain an addi-
tional amount of crystalline amide. Recrystallization
from ethyl acetate of the combined fractions of crystalline
material yields d-iso-lysergic acid N-diethylaminoethyl
amide melting at about 157-158 degrees centigrade. The
optical rotation is as follows:
[x] d 26 = 372 degrees (c. = 1.3 in pyridine)
There has been in the last few years a great deal of dis-
cussion about the correct M
treatment for victims of bad LSD
trips. When an individual does go into a panic on acid, it is
an extremely delicate situation. Although it has been said
that tranquilizers, such as thorazine, will help to calm the
person down, be very careful, as certain drugs react vio-
lently with tranquilizers (STP). My advice in a situation of
that sort is just to attempt to create an atmosphere of reas-
surance and sympathy. In no circumstances, except real
uncontrollable panic, should a person on acid be taken to
ital. If you want a freaky experience, spend a
couple of hours at any city hospital and watch the people
Talk to the person and remind him that he is under the
influence of acid. Try to calm him down. Even a change of
environment can effectively reverse a bad trip.
Making LSD in the kitchen
For those readers who couldn
t make head or tail of
the last recipe for acid, there is a much simpler one. It
basically extracts the lysergic acid amides either from
morning glory seeds or Hawaiian wood rose M
can be prepared in the kitchen.
1. Grind up 150 grams of morning glory seeds or baby
Hawaiian wood rose seeds.
2. In 130 cc. of petroleum ether, soak the seeds for two
3. Filter the solution through a tight screen.
4. Throw away the liquid, and allow the seed mush to
5. For two days allow the mush to soak in 110 cc. of
6. Filter the solution again, saving the liquid and label-
7. Resoak the mush in 110 cc. of wood alcohol for two
8. Filter and throw away the mM
9. Add the liquid from the second soak to the solution
10. Pour the liquid into a cookie tray and allow it to evap-
11. When all the liquid has evaporated, a yellow gum re-
mains. This should be scraped up and put into cap-
30 grams of morning glory seeds = one trip
15 Hawaiian wood rose seeds = one trip
Many companies, such as Northop-King, have been
coating their seeds with a toxic chemical, which is poison.
Order seeds from a wholesaler, as it is much safer and
an wood rose seeds can be ordered directly
s Nursery and Flowers
The basic dosages of acid vary according to what kind of
acid is available and what medium of ingestion is used.
Chemically the potency of LSD-25 is measured in micro-
grams, or mics. If you
re chemically minded or making
your own acid, then computing the number of micrograms
is very important. Usually between 300 to 500 mics is
plenty for a five- to eight-hour trip, depending on the
f the acid, of course. I have heard of people tak-
ing as much as 1,500 to 2,000 mics. This is not only ex-
tremely dangerous, it is also wasteful.
LSD comes packaged in many different forms. The pro-
verbial sugar cube is pretty passe, in the sense that other
more feasible methods have taken its place. The most com-
mon are listed below.
1. The brown spot, or a piece of paper with a dried drop
of LSD on it, is always around. Usually one spot equals
2. Capsuled acid is extremely tricky, as the cap can be M
most any color, size, and potency. Always ask what the
acid is cut with, as a lot of acid is cut with either speed
or strychnine. Also note dosage.
3. Small white or colored tablets have been known to con-
tain acid, but, as with the capsuled acid, it is impossible
to tell potency, without asking.
4. I have heard about some characters who attempted to
shoot acid. Shooting any drug is a bad scene. Stay away
from it. I cannot imagine what their rush was like, but
would certainly advise against this forM
I remember once when I was in Mexico. It was Juarez
or maybe Laredo, I can
t remember, but all the border
towns are fantastic. There
s no crime rate in a border town
at least not in the sense it is reckoned in the United
States. How would you measure it? It
s just a real pleasure
to go where the people aren
t all hung up about ethics and
moral bullshit. Everyone
s been paid off and, if they
t, they own the town. Every cab driver has a friend
who just happens to own a drM
ug store, a friend who just
happens to own a farm with a little marihuana on it, and
a virgin daughter with three kids.
Well, I remember that my first experience with peyote
d been drinking, and hadn
worth of speed out of my system, when this little kid
scared the shit out of me. All of a sudden he starts scream-
Hey mysta, hey mysta hippee, you vant, you want
some good peyote, mama pick herself?
of the biggest suckers alive. I would let the M
lead me into hell, with my eyes closed, just to see what
it was like. I told the kid O.K. He wanted the money first.
m not quite that stupid. We went together.
We went for a trip together, maybe five or six miles, way
1 out of town. The countryside was really pretty nice, but I
t dig it, I was too uptight. Finally he stopped and
told me that this was his home. It was five pieces of cor-
: rugated iron propped up together with pieces of cloth and
' wood covering the cracks. Pretty depresM
Again he wanted to take the money, and have me out-
side. Again I told him to bring it out to me and I
him. Then he did something that scared the shit out of me.
He invited me into his house. I kept wondering how many
brothers were waiting for me, but then I guess alcohol and
speed tend to inflate the ego, as all I was saying to myself
Shit, if they come at me, I swear to God I
of the cocksuckers with me.
He took me around to the back of his home, and held a
ate open for me. My first impression of
the inside was darkness, but then slowly, as my eyes began
to get used to the dark, I saw a woman, not a fat mama,
as I had expected, but rather a thin, delicate woman, with
the lines of the world carved deeply into her face. She was
squatting by the glowing remains of a fire, in the center of
the room. As she rose to meet her child, I realized she was
not as old as I had supposed, and she was strangely exciting
in the gloom of the dying embers.
The kid started to scream, agaM
in. I guess all he could do
was scream, since I never heard him talk. He was scream-
ing so fast I couldn
t understand a word of it. It was like
gibberish, and the faster it came out of his mouth, the fast-
er my head spun. I really began to get the spins. The wom-
an must have realized something was wrong with me, as
she took my arm and sat me on the floor. When I sat down
I felt better, my senses started to come back to me, and the
t screaming any more.
I saw his mother rise and walk over to a large M
where she took something out, and brought it back to me.
Then I realized that it must be the peyote, and the peyote
was the reason I was there in the first place. I took a hand-
ful from her and shoved it into my mouth. It was the most
ve ever eaten. After I had finally managed
to swallow it, I handed my entire wallet to the woman.
t know why I did this, maybe out of relief that the
t have any older brothers, or maybe just because
I was incapable of counting. I dM
t know, but all of a sud-
den, like a shotgun shell in the gut, my whole stomach was
on fire. I could feel all the food and drink inside my stom-
ach churning around and around like a God-damn amuse-
ment park. I knew I was going to vomit. I knew there was
no stopping it, it was like a rough day at the beach, waves
I got up and ran to the street, wondering vaguely in the
back of my mind whether I had not, in fact, been mildly
poisoned. As I hit the dirt road, I knew that was it, and let
ch fly. It seemed the spasms would never end. I
felt all my organs being ripped out one after another.
After thoroughly purging myself, I made my way back
to town, quite stoned, and missing a wallet.
Peyote is a small brown cactus, which in natural growth
barely protrudes above the ground. On top of this cactus
are small spineless buttons, which resemble mushrooms. It
is within these buttons that the mescal is found, and the
buttons are usually the only parts eaten, although certain
ndians do eat root and all. Peyote has had a long
history that stretches all the way back to the ancient
Aztecs, who considered it divine and used it in many of
their religious ceremonies.
The use of peyote was rediscovered in a few isolated
tribes in Mexico, and its use once again became wide-
spread. The Indians in the Southwest formally organized a
church with peyote as one of their sacraments. The Native
American Church, which has over two hundred thousand
members, is one of the few places in the world where a
person can legally get stoned. Their members can legally
get stoned and blame all their bad trips on God.
The traditional peyote preparation has always been ex-
actly the same as it is today. The buttons are removed from
the cactus, and cut into small round disks. These are then
dried in the sun for several days. Then they are crushed
and placed in boiling water to make a form of tea. Peyote
can be eaten raw, but it tastes like vomit.
And this same one, with a conceit born of this kind of
uncouth purgation, startedM
spitting a few moments later.
He spat after having drunk the peyote like the rest of us.
For the twelve phases of the dance were done* and as
dawn was about to break, we were handed the grated
peyote, which looked like some kind of slimy chowder;
and in front of each of us a fresh hole was dug to receive
the sputum and vomit of our mouths, which had been
made holy by the peyote
Antonin Artaud, The Artaud Anthology
The white man goes into his church house and talks
about jesus; the indian goes M
into his teepee and talks to
The bad taste and foul smell of the peyote can be gotten
rid of by a simple process. There are two basic methods
which follow, and after them the recipe for preparing syn-
thetic mescaline, which takes a knowledge of chemistry.
Extracting mescaline from peyote in the kitchen
1. Obtain 50 g. of dried ground peyote and put in a 500
ml. Erlenmeyer flask.
2. Add 250 cc. of wood alcohol, cover the flask tightly,
and let cactus powder soak it up for one dM
occasional stirring.
3. Pour off the wood-alcohol solution into a 500 ml.
beaker, filter properly, and place in a well-ventilated
place to evaporate. Caution: Wood alcohol is flam-
mable, keep away from fire.
4. Again soak the plant powder in the flask for two hours,
but in 100 cc. of 1 -normal hydrochloric acid.
5. Filter, discard the mush, and combine the filtered HCL
solution with the residue from the evaporated wood
alcohol solution. Filter again.
6. To the solution add enough 2-Normal potassium
ide until the solution is neutral (turns ph paper
7. Add 100 cc. of chloroform, stir, and let the mixture
stand until it separates into two layers.
8. Separate the two layers, using a separatory funnel and
discard the water (top) layer. (See Figure 5.)
9. Add 40 cc. of water to the chloroform, shake, and
separate the layers again. Discard top layer.
10. Filter the chloroform, evaporate, and dissolve the
gummy residue in 20 cc. of water. Refilter it. Makes
1. Take fresh peyote M
buttons, wash, remove skins, and
remove all tufts and foreign particles.
2. Take the peyote meat and grind it in a meat grinder or
3. Allow ground peyote meat to dry, then grind again as
Figure 5. A separatory funnel (used in steps 8 and 9 of the
recipe for the extraction of mescaline from peyote).
4. Boil peyote meat for five hours, keeping plenty of water
in the pot to prevent burning.
5. Take skin and bark of peyote and break it down by
beating on a cutting boM
ard. When it is broken down, boil
for five hours in a separate pot.
6. Strain liquids from both pots and combine. Throw away
7. Boil this solution until it becomes dark. Do not allow
it to become too thick. Label it solution
8. Now cool solution
9. Take the cool solution
and fill half a separatory
10. Add about an equal volume of ethyl ether, and shake
11. Now allow the liquids to settle and form layers. Draw
off the water solution (bottom layer) bM
stop cork. Do not draw off the ether solution.
12. Now process all of solution
in this manner. Label
all drawn-off solution
Put the leftover ether solu-
tion into a container and throw away.
13. Boil down solution
to cut down volume, but do not
allow it to become too thick.
14. Add a phenophthalein indicator to solution
the solution turns red.
15. Mix in small amounts of a diluted sulfuric acid solu-
tion, until the red color disappears. Do not add any
16. Add one teaspoon of baking powder (to neutralize the
acid) for each gallon of solution. Boil again to reduce
in the refrigerator for several hours,
but do not freeze it.
18. While it is still cold, pour off as much of the liquid as
possible, leaving the crystal in the container. Rinse the
crystals with near-freezing water.
19. Add rinse water with water poured off crystals. Boil
this solution to reduce volume and then cool in refrig-
erator. Repeat procedurM
e for formation of the crystals.
These crystals are nearly pure mescaline sulphate. Al-
low crystals to dry and then capsule.
This usually makes between 30-80 mg. per button.
Making synthetic mescaline in the laboratory
The next recipe is for making synthetic mescaline, and,
as I do not understand it, I have copped out again and
quoted straight from! the book. If you do not understand
chemistry talk, skip this one. It will give you more headaches
s worth. It is taken directly from the Journal of the
can Chemical Society, a trade publication, which for
the layman is as screwy as Greek.
The process of making a new synthesis of mescaline:
A New Synthesis of Mescaline,
Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 73, pp.
5495-96 (November, 1951)
The cactus alkaloid, mescaline, B-(3, 4, 5 Trimethoxy-
phenylethylamine, has been studied for some years, be-
cause of its most interesting effects on the psychic states
of human subjects. Since the elucidation of the chemical
structure of the alM
kaloid through the synthesis of Spath
2 >-7 a few other methods of preparation have been pub-
lished. A simple synthesis utilizing lithium aluminum hy-
dride is presented in this report. The synthesis may be
outlined as follows: gallic acid
3, 4, 5-Trimethoxy ben-
zoic acid, -methyl ester of 3, 4, 5-Trimethoxybenzyl alco-
3, 4, 5-Trimethoxybenzyl chloride-3, 4, 5-Tri-,
methoxyphenylacetonitrile-Mescaline.
Methyl Ester of 3, 4, 5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid: To
a solution prepared from 100 g. ofM
3, 4, 5-Trimethoxy-
benzoic acid (0.47 Mole), 20 g. of sodium hydroxide,
55 g. of sodium carbonate and 300 ml. of water is added,
with stirring, 94 ml. of methyl sulfate (0.94 Mole) during
the course of 20 minutes. The reaction mixture is refluxed
for one-half hour. The crude ester (65 g., 61% ) precip-
itates from the cold mixture. From the filtrate, 38 g. of
starting material is recovered upon acidification with di-
luted HCL. The ester is further purified by solution in
the minimum amount of methanol and treatmM
norite. Usually it is necessary to repeat this treatment to
obtain a colorless crystalline product that melts at 80-82
degrees. Semmler, 9 who employed a different process, re-
ported m.p. 83-84 degrees.
3, 4, 5-Trimethoxybenyl alcohol: To suspension of
4.6 g. (0.12 Mole) of lithium aluminum hydride in 200
ml. of anhydrous ether is added, in the course of 30 min-
utes, a solution of 22.6 g. (0.1 Mole) of the methyl ester
of 3, 4, 5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid in 300 ml. of ether.
The solid which forms is carefuM
lly decomposed first with
50 ml. of ice-water. After decantation of the ether, 250
ml. of ice-cold 10% sulfuric acid is added. The product is
extracted with 150 ml. of ether. The combined extracts,
after drying over sodium sulfate, are freed of ether and
the residue distilled; b.p. 135-137 degrees (0.25 mm);
yield 14.7 g. (73% ). This compound was obtained by a
different method by Marx; 10 b.p. 228 degrees (25 mm).
3, 4, 5-Trimethoxybenzyl chloride: A mixture of 25
g. of 3, 4, 5-Trimethoxybenzyl alcohol and 125 ml.M
cold concentrated HC1 is shaken vigorously until a homo-
geneous solution is obtained. In a few minutes a turbid-
ity develops, followed by a heavy precipitation of gum-
my product. After 4 hours and dilution with 100 ml. of
ice-water, the aqueous layer is decanted and extracted
with three 50 ml. portions of benzene. Then the gummy
organic residue is dissolved in the combined benzene ex-
tracts. The benzene solution is washed with water and
dried over sodium sulfate.
The benzene solution is transferred to M
and the benzene is removed under diminished pressure.
The red semi-solid residue is suspended in a small
amount of ice-cold ether and filtered through a chilled
funnel. The crystalline product, after washing with small
portions of cold ether, weighs 9.7 g. The combined fil-
trates on standing in refrigerator yield more crystals. The
total yield is 13.0 g. (48% ) . After four recrystallizations
from benzene, colorless needles are obtained; m.p. 60-62
Found: C, 55.55; H, 6.13.
This compound js extremely soluble in ether, alcohol
and acetone, but slightly soluble in petroleum ether.
Standing at room temperature for a few weeks causes
the crystals to turn into a red semi-solid. An alcoholic
solution of pure material .gives an instantaneous pre-
cipitation with alcoholic silver nitrate.
3, 4, 5-Trimethoxyphenylacetonitrile
9 g. of potassium cyanide in 35 ml. of water and 60 ml.
of methanol and 9.7 g. of 3, 4, 5-Trimethoxybenzyl
oride is heated for 10 min. at 90 degrees. The sol-
vents are partially removed under diminished pressure.
The residue is then extracted with 90 ml. of ether in
three portions. The combined extracts are washed with
water and dried over sodium sulfate. After the removal
of the drying agent, the ether solution is warmed on a
steam-bath and the ether is removed with a stream of
air. On chilling, the residue yields scalelike crystals. Re-
crystallization from ether gives rectangular prism: Yield
2.5 g. (27% ): m.p. 76-M
77 degrees. Baker and Robin-
son 12 reported a melting point of 77 degrees for this com-
In 150 ml. of anhydrous ether is sus-
pended 0.85 g. of lithium aluminum hydride powder.
With stirring, 2.0 g. of 3, 4, 5-Trimethoxyphenylaceton-
itrile in 150 ml. of anhydrous ether was added during
the course of 15 minutes. After 25 min. stirring, 10 ml.
of ice-water is dropped in carefully. Then a mixture of
10 g. of sulfuric acid in 40 ml. of water is added at a
moderate rate. The aqueous layM
treated with concentrated sodium hydroxide. The brown
011 is extracted with three portions of 30 ml. each of
ether. The combined extracts are washed once with
water and dried over stick potassium hydroxide. To
the decanted ether solution is added a mixture of 1 g. of
sulfuric acid and 25 ml. of ether. The white precipitate
is washed several times with ether; yield 1.2 g. (40%).
After two re-crystallizations form 95% ethanol, the
colorless long thin plates soften at 172 degrees and melt
A sample of mescaline acid sulfate prepared from the
natural source and kindly furnished by Dr. Seevers of
the Department of Pharmacology softens at 170 degrees
and melts at 180 degrees. The picrate, prepared from
the acid sulfate, melts at 217 degrees (dec.), after three
recrystallizations from ethanol. The chloroplatinate
prepared from free base melts at 184-185 degrees. Spath
gave the following melting points: sulfate, 183-186 de-
grees; picrate, 216-218 degrees; chioroptinate, 187-188
h, Monatsh., 40, 129 (1919).
2. K. H. Slotta and H. Heller, Ber. 63B, 3029 (1930).
3. H. Frisch and E. Waldman, German Patent 545,
853, July 3, 1930, C.A. 26, 3521
4. K. Kindler and W. Peschke, Arch. Pharm., 270,
5. K. H. Slotta and G. Szuzker, /. prakt chem., 137,
6. G. Hahn and H. Wassmuth, Ber., 67, 711 (1934).
7. G. Hahn and F. Rumpf, ibid., 71b, 2141 (1939).
ed., John Wiley and Sons, Inc., N.Y., N.Y. 1946,
W. Semmler, Ber., 41, 1774 (1908).
10. M. Marx, Ann. 263, 254 (1891).
12. Baker and R. Robinson, /. Chem Soc., 160
s note: The next to the last step, 3, 4, 5-Tri-
methoxyphenylacetonitrile, can be ordered directly from
Aldrich Chemical Co., 2371 N. 30th St., Milwaukee,
Mescaline is very similar to LSD and psilocybin, in that
the effects tend to disorder the senses. It may create an-
xiety and slight nausea about two hours after ingestion, but
erience proceeds all the impressions and obser-
vations of the subject are intensified. Time and space are
distorted, or completely ignored. A definite change in per-
ception takes place. Objects may seem as if they are sus-
pended in a liquid, or a general flowing movement may be
present. The subject may be very conscious of his ego, and
a sense of threat and fear may accompany the intensifica-
Mescaline, as with all psychedelics, is a very personal
experience. It affects every person differently sM
sense, it is impossible for me to try to describe the experi-
ence. The normal dosage of mescaline is about 500 micro-
grams, and it may have toxic reactions with an overdose
of 1000 mics or more.
Mescaline is a hallucinogenic alkaloid, which is ex-
tracted from peyote cactus, or can be synthesized in the
laboratory, as in the previous recipe. The chemical struc-
ture of mescaline closely resembles STP, which is a much
stronger psychedelic. The reason black-market distribution
and sale of mescaline are nM
ot more widespread than at
present is that LSD is considered five thousand times more
powerful with almost the same effects. Mescaline is also
slightly more expensive than acid; a cap of mescaline
usually goes for between $5 and $7, whereas you should
have no trouble finding a good cap of acid for $3 or $4.
My ideas of space were very unusual [under the influ-
ence of mescaline]. I could see myself from head to foot
as well as the sofa on which I was lying. All else was
nothing, absolutely empty space. I was on a sM
island floating in ether. No part of my body was subject
to the laws of gravitation. On the other side of the vacu-
um, the room seemed to be unlimited in space
tremely fantastic figures appeared before my eyes. I was
very excited, perspired and shivered, and was kept in
a state of ceaseless wonder. I saw endless passages with
beautiful pointed arches, delightfully colored ara-
besques, grotesque decorations, divine, sublime and en-
chanting in their fantastic splendor. These visions
s and billows, were built, destroyed and
appeared again in endless variations, first on one plane
and then in three dimensions, at last disappearing in in-
finity. The sofa-island disappeared; I did not feel my
self; an ever-increasing feeling of dissolution set in. I
was seized with passionate curiosity, great things were
about to be unveiled before me. I would perceive the
essence of all things, the problems of creation would be
unravelled. I was dematerialized.
mescaline, is extracted from a plant.
Psilocybin is extracted from Psilocybe mexicana, a small
mushroom that grows in wet or marshy pastures. Other
species of mushrooms which have psychedelic qualities are:
Conocybe siliginoides, Psilocybe azXecorum, P. zapotecor-
um, P. caerulescens , and Stropharia cubertis.
Psilocybin, like peyote, was and is still used to a small
degree in the religious rites of the Mexican Indians. It was
referred to as teonanactl, or in English as God
Indians usually eat betweM
en 10 and 15 mushrooms, which,
like peyote, have a very unpleasant acrid smell. Usually
nausea follows ingestion. The effects of psilocybin last for
about five to seven hours.
When you take the actual raw mushrooms, the dosage
is about 10 to 20 medium-sized buttons. A faster method
of ingestion is to prepare a soup, using any regular mush-
room soup recipe. Although this tends to increase the speed
in which the psilocybin enters the blood stream, it also in-
creases the unpleasant taste and smell. When taking syn-
thesized psilocybin, usually a capsule of between 20 and
60 milligrams will produce a four- to six-hour trip.
How to grow psilocybe mushrooms in the kitchen
The recipe for growing these mushrooms follows on the
next page. It is simple enough that anyone should be able
to perform it in his kitchen.
Recipe for groicing psilocybe mushrooms:
It is important, in working with fungi, to use
technique to prevent the fungi one is working with
from becoming contaminated with unwanted air-borne
s pure-culture technique is easily acquired by
reading the chapters devoted to it in any introductory bac-
teriology laboratory manual. Better yet, anyone who has
had a course in bacteriology can easily demonstrate the
technique of transferring the fungi and making the neces-
which is used to transfer the fungi
from one tube or bottle to another without getting the
material contaminated.
The careful handling of the fungi psilocybe is most im-
portant, as the psilocybe are easM
ily overgrown and ruined
by other molds present in the normal environment. The
material on which the fungi is grown is called the
Preparation of the medium varies some-
what according to the kind used, but in general the pro-
cedure is the same. Briefly the ingredients are weighed
(great accuracy is not generally required), dissolved in the
required amount of water (distilled), and distributed into
containers for sterilizing. The use of pint or quart fruit jars,
with the jar mouth covM
ered with a heavy gauze aluminum
Inasmuch as media are prepared to grow the fungi in
pure culture, all microorganisms, other than the one to be
grown, must be excluded. This makes it necessary to steril-
ize the medium before using it, to kill any bacteria or fun-
gus spores which are present in the medium or on the glass-
ware. Sterilization is accomplished by placing the contain-
ers with the medium into a pressure cooker, preferably the
canning type with a pressure gauge, and sterilizing, (calM
) for 15 to 20 minutes at 250 degrees. Allow
the pressure cooker to come down in pressure very slowly
or the medium will boil over.
Quart fruit jars should not be filled with more than two
cups of any medium used; the pint jars with not over three-
Media which contain sugar (glucose, sucrose, maltose,
etc.) may caramelize somewhat if heating is continued
beyond 20 minutes at 250 degrees F. This caramelization
may be toxic to the fungi and they will fail to grow, or will
ut little, or no psilocybin will be produced.
After preparation and sterilization, it is well to leave
media at room temperature for about three days without
opening them, as a check to see if the medium is really
sterile. If any growth of fungi occurs, or a film of bacteria
forms across the medium (usually seen or smelled), the
sterilization process is faulty. In the latter case, discard
the medium. No medium can be satisfactorily resterilized
for culturing psilocybe.
In order to have a medium on which to maintainM
fungi over long periods of time, it is well to prepare some
tubes of medium which contain agar as a solidifying agent.
The most satisfactory tubes are those about six inches long
and a half inch in diameter with screw caps having rubber
liners (obtainable from any lab supply source). Fill the
tubes one-third full of agar medium (after melting the agar
see formulae), sterilize, and cool to room temperature
to solidify the agar. Inoculate the fungi into the water with
sterilized inoculating loop, as requiredM
by pure-culture tech-
nique. These tubes are held at room temperature for a few
or until there is a growth of the fungi
over the surface. The caps are screwed down tight and
the cultures are stored at refrigerator temperature. This con-
and is the source for inoculat-
ing larger quantities of the medium. The use of stock cul-
tures insures a constant supply of viable, uncontaminated
culture material. The psilocybe will keep up to a year at re-
temperature without being transferred to a new
The larger bottles of medium are inoculated with a small
amount of the whitish thread of the fungi (the threads are
), using careful pure-culture technique.
Leave the culture at room temperature
grees. This is easily maintained if one has a cellar; or one
may have a refrigerator man put a thermostat in an ordin-
ary refrigerator so as to maintain the needed temperature
range. The psilocybe fungi will grow at a higher M
but the psilocybin production will be low or none.
It is not necessary to obtain the mushroom form of the
fungi (called fruiting bodies, or carpophores) in order to
have psilocybin production carried out. The mycelium con-
tains as much as the fruiting bodies. When the mushroom
threads have grown in the medium for about 10 to 12 days,
they should be harvested. (This time is the most variable
factor in obtaining the maximum yield of psilocybin. Trial
and error under individual conditions of growth is neM
sary to standardize the yield. Keeping careful records of the
medium used, how prepared, and temperature and time will
allow one to improve the yield with practice.) Scientifically,
harvesting is done just about four days after the last of the
sugar has been used by the fungi. Harvesting is done by re-
moving the medium: liquid medium by filtering through
flannel and keeping the mycelium mat; solid medium by
simply removing the mycelium mat. The mycelium, which
may be a gooey mess, is dried at very low heat (nM
degrees F. in an oven with the door slightly ajar). Powder
the dried material. The powder may be extracted by soaking
in methanol, filtering, and evaporating the liquid with a low
heat. Do this in a ventilated room, and be sure all the me-
There will be psilocybin in the medium also, but it is gen-
erally in small amounts and not worth the effort to extract it.
The above procedure may seem complicated, but after
a few tries it is rather straightforward. Psilocybin produc-
nt upon a lot of factors which are not yet
all known. There is no way but trial and error in develop-
ing media and methods. This recipe is taken directly from
The Turn-On Book, BarNel Enterprises.
Psilocybe cubensis grows and fruits readily on potato
dextrose, yeast, or rye grain medium; however Psilocybe
mexicana will grow and fruit on potato dextrose but not
on the rye grain medium.
Recipe for potato dextrose yeast agar:
1. Wash 250 grams potatoes (do not peel).
2. Slice Vs inch thick.
3. Wash with tap water untM
4. Drain, rinse with distilled water.
5. Cover with distilled water and cook until tender.
6. Drain liquid through flannel cloth or several thick-
nesses of cheesecloth into a flask or jar.
7. Rinse potatoes once or twice with a little distilled
8. Keep liquid and throw potatoes away
distilled water to make up one liter of liquid.
9. Bring liquid to a boil, and add 15 grams agar and stir
until dissolved (watch carefully or it will boil over
best to use a stainless steel M
pan), 10 grams dextrose,
and 1 .5 grams yeast extract.
10. While liquid is hot, distribute into desired containers.
11. Autoclave for 15 minutes at 250 degrees F. (about
12. PDY broth is made the same way but without the
Recipe for rye grain medium:
50 grams rye grain (whole)
1 gram chalk (calcium carbonate)
100 grams rye grain (whole)
2 grams of chalk (calcium carbonate)
225 grams rye grain (whole)
4 grams chalk (calcium carbonate)
Note: If rye grain medium seems dry, add small amounts
How to make synthetic psilocybin in the laboratory
The next recipe is for the synthesis of psilocybin. It is
the last technical recipe in the book, since this book is not
directed at chemistry majors. To understand and perform
this recipe, you need a basic understanding of chemistry
and access to a laboratory.
Synthesis of Psilocin and Psilocybin
translated by Rolf Von Eckartsburg
Hofman, Heim, Brack, KobelM
, Frey, Ott, Petrzilka, and
Psilocybin and Psilocin, zwei psychotrope
Wirkstoffe aus mexikanischen Rauschpilzen,
Chemica Acta, Vol. 42, pp. 1570-71, 1959.
(4-Benzyloxy-indolyl- (3) ) ) -gloxylsaure-dimethylamid
To a solution of 50 grams 4-Benzyl-oxy-indol (IV)
in 1 .2 liters dry ether one lets drop while stirring it well
and at a temperature of 1 to 5 degrees C., 40 ml. Ox-
alylchlorid and keeps stirring after the mixture has been
accomplished for an additional one hour at tempera-
of 5 to 10 degrees C. this orange-red solution. Fol-
lowing this it was cooled further with a mixture of ice
and table salt and slowly a solution of 100 g. Dimethyla-
min in 100 ml. of ether was added by slow dripping.
After continuing for an additional one-half hour, the
stirring at room temperature, the ppt. was filtered off
by suction using washing with ether and then with much
water. The raw product which was obtained dry in a
vacuum was dissolved in a mixture of benzol and Meth-
anol and was brought to crystalM
lization through an addi-
tion in portions of Petrol-ether. Prisms from smp. 146-
150 degrees C. Yield 52.6 gram (73%). The color re-
action according to Keller is bluish-green.
C 10 H 18 Os N 3 Ber. C 70.8 H 5.6 O 14.9 N 8.7%
(322.4) Gef. 70.6 5.7 14.6 8.7
4-Benzyloxy-W-N,N-dimethyltry tamin (VI)
A solution of 52.5 grams (V) in one liter abs. Dioxan
was dripped under lively stirring into a boiling (seeth-
ing) solution of 66g LiAlH 4 into one liter of the same
solvent and continued stirring for 1 7 hourM
temperature. Following this, the complex was decom-
posed as well as the superfluous reduction-substance
under good cooling with ice using Methanol, then 500
ml. of saturated sodium sulfate solution was added, the
precipitation sucked olf and thoroughly washed with
Methanol and Dioxan. The filtrate is put
and side-products are removed through shaking with
ether. Following this the basal-alkaline reaction product
was withdrawn- (drawn out) after alkalization with
NaOH by means of chloroM
form. Out of this chloroform
extract, dried through potash and concentrated to a
small volume, (VI) crystallized following addition in
portions of Petrol-ether in fine needles of smp. 125-126
degrees C. yield of crystallization 33 grams. From the
after a chromatographic cleaning with 300
g. AFOa through which (VI) was distilled by means of
benzol which contained 0.2% alcohol, an additional 7.7
grams of pure amalgamate was gained. Total yield 85%
CjaHaoONo Ber. C77.5 H7.5 05.4 N9.5%
ef. 77.6 7.4 5.5 9.8
4-Hydroxy- W-N,N-dimethyItrptamin (Psilocin) (11)
A solution of 37.5 grams (VI) in 1.2 liters of Meth-
on an Aluminum-oxide-carrier under
addition of 20 grams of 5% Palladium catalyst with
Hydrogen, in which process during 12 hours the theo-
retically computed quantity of 3.2 liters were absorbed.
Out of the concentrated solution which was filtered from
the catalyst and reduced to a small volume there crystal-
lized (11) in hexagonal plates of smp. 173-176. Yield
%). Color reaction of Keller blue-green.
C 12 H 10 ON 2 Ber. C70.6 H7.9 N13.7%
(204.3) Gef. 70.4 8.3 14.1
The synthetic substance agrees in all properties, par-
ticularly also in the I.R. spectrum with natural psilocin
4-Dibenzyl-phosphoryloxy-W-N,N-dimethyltryptamin
6.3 grams (11) were dissolved in 30.5 ml. IN meth-
anolic NaOH, the solution under nitrogen dried and
vaporized and the residue dried for 3 hours in a high
vacuum at 40 degrees C. The residue was dissolved in
100 ml. t-Amylalcohol, added to this M
Dibenzylphosphoryl-clorid in 30 ml. CC1 4 which was
made fresh from 8.3 grams Dibenzyl phosphit. This was
shaken for two hours at room temperature. Then it was
boiled down, the residue absorbed in Chloroform-al-
cohol 9:1, filtered from NaCl and the filtrate chroma-
tographed at a column of 750 grams of Ak0 3 . With
the same solution-mixture 6.8 grams (VII) were
From Chloroform-Alcohol crystals of smp. 238-
Co 0 H L . 9 O 4 N 2 P Ber. C67.2 H6.3 N6.0 P6.7%
ef. 67.1 6.7 6.2 6.4
0-Phosphoryl-4-hydroxy-W-N,N-dimethyltryptamin
A solution of 6.8 grams (VII) in 100 ml. Methanol
was shaken on an A1 2 0 3 carrier with Hydrogen until
saturation after 5 grams of 5% Palladium catalyst had
been added. The boiled-down residue of the solution
which had been cleaned from the catalyst was let into
200 ml. water and the undissolved side-products were
filtered out. The watery solution was steamed dry and
the residue was absorbed in a little Methanol from
arated itself in fine prisms. When the
change-in-crystallization from water was made, we ob-
tained soft needles from smp. 220-228 degrees C. Yield
3.0 grams (42%). Color reaction of Keller, violet.
C,..H 1T 0 4 N 2 P Ber. C50.7 H6.0 N9.9 P10.9%
(284.3) Gef. 50.5 6.1 9.5 10.8
The synthetic product agrees in all properties, partic-
ularly also in the I.R. spectrum with the psilocybin iso-
lated from the mushroom.
The only laws / respect are the ones which
make old men and women warmer in the winter,
in the summer, and beer
Brendan Behan, Borstal Boy
How to make DMT in the kitchen
DMT stands for N,N-dimethyltryptamine. DMT is a
semisynthetic compound similar to psilocin in structure.
(Psilocin is the hallucinogenic substance based in psilocy-
bin. ) DMT is extremely fast-acting. Within several minutes
of ingestion, the effects can be felt, but it doesn
long as other psychedelics. The intensity, on the other
hand, is as strong; for about 30 to 45 minutes you are
the influence of this drug. The most
common method of ingestion is smoking, but I have heard
that there were some capsules around for about two years.
Whether they were good or not, I have no idea. Carefully
soaked parsley leaves are the usual medium for smoking,
although some persons have dipped marihuana in it and
said the experience was fantastic. Other compounds sim-
ilar to DMT are both DET and DPT.
The next recipe is for DMT. It is very simple and can
easily be performed in the kitchen. All the chemicals andM
equipment are available from any chemical supply house or
1. Mix thoroughly and dissolve 25 grams of indole with
a pound of dry ethyl ether in a 2,000-ml. flask (two-quart
2. Take ice tray and fill with chipped or shaved ice.
Now cool solution for about 35 minutes until it reaches the
temperature of 0 degrees C. At the same time cool 50 ml.
of dry oxalychloride to about 5 degrees below 0 degrees C.
in the same ice tray.
3. Very slowly add the oxalychloride solution to the in-
Warning: When these two chemicals are mixed together,
there is an extremely violent reaction. Avoid boiling over,
avoid contact with skin, and avoid fumes.
4. Wait until all the bubbling has died down, then add a
few handfuls of common table salt to the ice tray, to cool
the solution further. Put this solution aside and label it
5. Cool 100 ml. of dry ethyl ether, in a 500-ml. flask, to
0 degrees C. in a salted ice tray. At the same time cool an
unopened 100-gram bottle of dimethylamineM
C. in the same ice bath.
6. Open the seal of the dimethylamine bottle and slow-
ly pour a steady stream into the ether. Label
7. Very slowly and carefully add solution
8. Now take the mixed solutions from the ice tray and
bring up to room temperature, stirring the solution all the
time. You should be left with a solution which is almost
clear. If it is still murky, continue stirring until it becomes
as clear as possible.
9. Now filter the solution to sepM
arate the precipitate by
suction, as shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7. Primary filtering of homemade DMT.
10. Refilter with suction after pouring technical ether
over the precipitate.
1 1 . Repeat filtering once more with ether and then twice
12. Let this substance dry on a plastic or china plate.
(Do not use metal.) After drying, a solid material will be
formed. Take these particles and place them in a 800-ml.
13. Mix 100 ml. benzene with 100 ml. methyl alcohol.
After the mixture has been stirred, cM
over solid particles
from step 1 2 with about a half inch of the solution and heat
the beaker in water until all solid material has dissolved.
Add more solvent if necessary. See Figure 8 below.
Heat Source Figure 8. Heating DMT solution in water bath.
14. After all the solid material has dissolved, remove
beaker from the heat, and allow it to cool. As it cools, small
needle-shaped crystals will appear. When this happens, try
to pour off as much of the solvent as possible without dis-
turbing the crystalsM
15. Place crystals in a 1,000-ml. flask and dissolve in
tetrahydrofurane. (Use only as much as absolutely neces-
sary.) Label this solution
16. Slowly mix 200 ml. tetrahydrofurane and 20 grams
lithium aluminum hydride in a 500-ml. flask, and label it
Warning: Lithium aluminum hydride ignites on contact
with moisture. Do not use on humid days. Protect eyes and
slowly, stirring con-
1 8. Prepare a water bath and heat solutM
for three hours, stirring for four minutes every half hour.
When not stirring, use aspirator tube as shown in Figure
One-Hole Rubber Stopper
Figure 9. Final collection of DMT.
19. When this is completed, allow the flask to remain at
room temperature for about 20 minutes. Then place in
salted ice bath and cool to 0 degrees C. Add a small
amount of chilled methanol, stirring gently until solution
20. Filter this murky solution through a pM
a funnel, and collect the filtered liquid in a flask.
21. Add 100 ml. of tetrahydrofuran through the filter
and collect in the same flask. Now heat this solution in a
water bath until most of the tetrahydrqfuran is evaporated
and a gooey substance remains.
22. Place little piles of this substance on a cookie tray
and, with a heat lamp, dry for three or four hours. Now
you have D.M.T. To ingest, crumble a small quantity with
parsley or mint, and smoke. Do not inject. Do not smoke
with tobacco. DMT is M
a powerful psychedelic and should
s note: All chemicals in the last recipe can be
ordered by mail from any of the large chemical manufac-
turers. Lithium aluminum hydride may be ordered from
Metal Hydrides Inc., Beverly, Massachusetts (it costs
about $20 per 100 grams). All other chemicals can be
ordered from Van Water-Rogers.
Believe it or not, bananas do contain a small quantity of
Musa Sapientum bananadine, which is a mild, short-lasting
psychedelic. There are much easier ways of M
but the great advantage to this method is that bananas are
1. Obtain 15 lbs. of ripe yellow bananas.
2. Peel all 15 lbs. and eat the fruit. Save the peels.
3. With a sharp knife, scrape off the insides of the peels
and save the scraped material.
4. Put all scraped material in a large pot and add water.
Boil for three to four hours until it has attained a solid
5. Spread this paste on cookie sheets, and dry in an oven
for about 20 minutes to a half hour. This will result in a
fine black powder. Makes about one pound of bananadine
powder. Usually one will feel the effects of bananadine after
smoking three or four cigarettes.
Figure 10. Table of weights.
Amphetamines act as a stimulant on the central nervous
system. They do not produce energy as food does, but
rather put into action energy that is already present in the
body. Amphetamines are broken down chemically into
types: salts of racemic amphetamines, dextroam-
56 / THE ANARCHHST COOKBOOK
phetamines, and meth amphetamines, which only differ in
potencies. Amphetamine, or speed, is used medically to
combat chronic depression, as it does give the user a feel-
ing of euphoria, while controlling his appetite.
On the black market, amphetamine is usually sold in one
of two ways, either in a pill form (benzedrine, dexedrine,
desbutal, desoxyn, or dexamyl) or as a crystalline powder
(methedrine). Methedrine is usually injected, althoM
can be snorted (sniffed) or eaten in small quantities. Speed
usually sells for about 10 to 25 cents a pill depending on
potency, or in nickel bags and spoons of methedrine which
comes in a tiny wax paper envelope.
Amphetamine does not cause addiction; but it is habit-
forming, and a definite tolerance is built up to it, causing
one to increase dosages. After a long period of time,
usage will cause paranoia and real mental disorientation;
this is especially true with methedrine. A heavy ampheta-
hether it be with pills or crystal is just as bad
as, if not worse than, a heroin scene.
There are several methods of obtaining pills or ups.
The first and easiest is to find a friend who is overweight
and get him to go to a doctor for diet pills, as most diet
pills are amphetamines. The best place in the world to buy
benzedrine, or any of the rest of the amphetamines, is a
Mexican border town, where every cab driver has his own
stash, but this does entail bringing the stuff across the
border, which can be a bad scM
Any person can go to a doctor and claim he sleeps all
t stay awake. There is a great
probability that the doctor will prescribe amphetamines. If
you manage to get hold of prescription blanks, be very
careful in filling them out, as pharmacists are watchful for
mistakes and often go into the back and call the doctor on
the phone if they feel suspicious. Another excellent way to
obtain pills is to become friendly with a nurse or intern at a
large hospital. Although they wouldn
quantities, this method is probably the safest.
Description of amphetamines:
Benzedrine: A flat, pink, heart-shaped tablet, and in 10-
milligram white tablets with a groove down the center.
There are some time-release 15-milligram capsules.
Biphetamine: These are sold in 12-milligram capsules
with a black top and a white bottom. The 20-milligram
capsule is all black, and the 7-milligram capsule is all
white. They are all inscribed with either
Desbutal: These are sold in 5-milligram green capsules,
10-milligram pink and blue tablets, 15-milligram yellow
and blue tablets. The manufacturer
s recommended dosage
is one 5-milligram capsule two or three times daily, or one
of the 10- or 15-milligram tablets once in the morning.
Dexamyl: Dexamyl combines an amphetamine stimulant
with a barbiturate depressant, to counteract the ampheta-
mine side effects (i.e., nervousness). Dexamyl is sold in
spansules, which have a green cap and a clM
ing green and white pellets. They are also sold in 5-milli-
gram green heart-shaped tablets, with a groove down the
center. In Great Britain they are sold as Drinamyl (purple
Methedrine: Methedrine is sold in 5-milligram white
tablets with a center groove, or in ampules for injections
containing 20 milligrams. Most common, on the black mar-
ket, is crystal meth, which is powdered methedrine, usually
cut with something else (powdered sugar or baking soda) .
Amyl nitrate is sold iM
n small glass capsules, and is only
effective when inhaled. It is used medically for the treat-
ment of heart attack victims. When the glass is broken, the
user quickly inhales the fumes. It takes only a second to
take effect, but it only lasts for two to three minutes. It is
a very strong drug, and has the quality of prolonging sex-
ual orgasms. It is sold in most states without a prescription.
Overindulgence may lead to a headache or nausea, but
poisoning is very rare.
Now this is a really strange sceM
ne. With all the pot and
other dope going around, some people still insist on drink-
ing cough syrup to get high. Robitussin A-C can be pur-
chased without a prescription, but you may have to sign
for it in New York. It contains a small quantity of codeine,
pheniramine, maleate, and glyceryl guaiacolate (a muscle
relaxant). The effects are sedation and euphoria. The most
common method of ingestion is to mix Robitussin A-C
with an equal amount of ginger ale and drink. Never under-
estimate the potency of any drug. YM
ou can have an over-
dose of cough syrup.
Barbiturates are basically the opposite of amphetamines:
that is, they act to depress the central nervous system. In
small doses they act as tranquilizers, but in larger doses they
are sleeping pills. The sleep induced by barbiturates is not
a normal sleep, in the sense that it seriously cuts down on
the normal dream activity. Prolonged use of sleeping pills
can lead to complete psychological crack-ups, as the mind
has no way to release itself. BarbiM
turates are often a means
of comitting suicide. Therefore, as with all drugs, know
The barbiturate addict presents a shocking spectacle. He
cannot coordinate, he staggers, falls off bar stools, goes
to sleep in the middle of sentences, food drops out of his
mouth. He is confused, quarrelsome and stupid.
William Burroughs, Naked Lunch
Types of Barbiturates:
Luminal: Fatal dpsage is about 800 to 1,000 milligrams.
Luminal is considered a strong long-acting barbiturate. It
is usually sold in purple M
(16-milligram), white (32-milli-
gram), or green (100-milligram) grooved tablets.
Amytal: This is also considered a strong long-acting
barbiturate. A heavy dose is between 100 and 250 milli-
grams. Amytal is sold in light green (15-milligram), yel-
low (30-milligram), orange (50-milligram), and pink
(100-milligram) capsule-shaped scored tablets, with
inscribed in the different colors listed above.
Amytal Sodium: Very similar to the above amytal, but
is sold in light blue capsules with a darker band of bM
where the upper and lower parts meet. Same dosage as
Butisol Sodium: Butisol is sold in flat green, orange,
pink, or lavender tablets inscribed with
dose is 150 milligrams.
Nembutal: Nembutal is a short-acting barbiturate with
sedative and hypnotic effects. A heavy dose of nembutal
is about 200 milligrams. This, as with
all barbiturates, is extremely dangerous when taken, if the
liver is infected or impaired. Nembutal is sold in 30-milli-
gram all-yellow capsM
on the bottom part;
50-milligram capsules with yellow caps and white bottoms
on the bottom part; and 100-milligram all-yel-
low capsules with the word
Seconal: Seconal is probably the most popular black-
market barbiturate, as it is very popular with doctors. It is
red devils, red birds, or reds,
the color of the capsules. It is sold in 32-milligram red
capsules, and a heavy dose is about 150 milligrams.
s a minor tranquilizer, and the usual
recommended dosage is from 5 to 15 milligrams three or
four times a day. This is one of the easiest depressants to
obtain, as doctors tend to prescribe it for anything front
sleeplessness to acute nervousness. It is sold in 5-milligram
green and yellow capsules inscribed
gram brown and green capsules inscribed
25-milligram green and white capsules inscribed
Valium: This is also a minor tranquilizer, with the rec-
nded dosage being about 5 to 10 milligrams, two to
three times a day. It is sold in white 2-milligram and yellow
5-milligram tablets inscribed with the word
Thorazine: This is a very strong drug. It is classified as
a major tranquilizer and should be used with the utmost
care. Thorazine is used at such hellholes as Bellevue to
keep mental patients quiet. The usual recommended dosage
is about 25 milligrams. It has been used in the treatment of
bad acid trips. However, as I stated earlier, I feel that
orazine will quiet a person down, but has no regard for
when he wakes up. I would not recommend its use.
ve never tried this one, but a close friend of mine
from Texas swears by it. Apparently he learned it while he
was going to school near the Rio Grande and there was an
overabundance of desert toads. In the skins of toads there
is a substance called
which is a hallucinogen.
Procedure for isolating bufotenine from toad skins
1. Collect five to ten toads. Make sure they
ll not work. The best kind are tree toads.
2. Kill them as painlessly as possible, and skin immedi-
3. Allow the skins to dry in a refrigerator for four to five
days, or until the skins are brittle.
4. Now crush into a powder and smoke. (Due to its bad
taste, it should be mixed with mint or some other fragrant
5. Enjoy yourself, it
s legal, but pray there
t understand how anyone would want to sniff glue,
when just as legally they could smoke toad skM
sniffing is really a bad scene, as it causes headaches, con-
fusion, depression, lack of appetite, nausea, and in larger
doses coma and death. It has also been attributed to much
irreparable brain damage.
The method in which it is
lows: Place half a tube of airplane glue (do not use library
paste) or any carbon tetrachloride-based liquid in a plastic
bag. Then stick your head inside and inhale. The effects
only last between 45 minutes and an hour, but during that
individual can undergo disordering of his coordin-
ation, double vision, and even some not so
lucinations. The person usually falls into a drunken-like
stupor, but some people have been known to react vio-
a drug someone forgot to make illegal.
It is used mostly to combat the overdose effects of a strong-
er narcotic, but it can, in small doses of five to ten milli-
grams, produce a relaxed feeling, similar to marihuana. In
large doses it can have adverse effecM
anxiety, hallucinations, and nausea. It is available without
a prescription in most states, but it should be treated care-
fully, as it is still a powerful drug.
Cocaine is, in a pure form, a crystal white powder, which
is usually sniffed or injected, as much of its potency is lost
when taken by mouth. Since shooting or injecting any drug
is one of the worst scenes imaginable, I will not get into it
at all. Sniffing coke or cocaine is a unique experience. It
works on the central nervous M
system as a stimulant in
order to produce euphoric excitement and in some cases
This is about the worst scene available. Junkies are like
desperate, wounded wild animals
who will do or perform any act to get bread for some shit.
If you are really interested in this shit, and think it
take a trip to 70th Street and Broadway in New York City
and wander around a little bit. If you
re not turned off to
it right away, there
s something basically wrong with you
It is possible to shoot; heroin several times before one
feels the actual addiction, but the withdrawal is pretty ter-
rible, and usually the place is pretty bad where it takes
that is, the Tombs or Riker
Nutmeg can be used for a psychedelic experience, since
it does contain the ingredient elemicin, which has hallucin-
atory properties. This recipe cannot be compared to the
one for rotten peppers published in the East Village Other,
as nutmeg does work mildly, whereas rotM
Method for the preparation of nutmeg:
1. Take several whole nutmegs and grind them up in a
coffee grinder. You will never again be able to use the
grinder without smelling nutmeg, so use an old one.
2. After the nutmegs are completely ground, place in a
mortar and pulverize with a pestle.
3. The usual dosage is about 10 or 15 grams, Vs to Vi
an ounce. A larger dose than this may produce excessive
thirst, anxiety, and rapid heartbeat, but hallucinations are
ncture of opium and camphor in a com-
bined solution, medically used in controlling diarrhea. It
is not used today as much as it was in the I920
but it is still available in many states without a prescription.
usually about a pint
be dipped in it and left to dry, then smoked. It does act as
a constipator, and this should be taken into account before
This is another recipe that I have never tried. It was
given to me by the same friend who gave meM
toad skins. It may work, it may not, but it
1. Take one pound of raw peanuts (not roasted).
2. Shell them, saving the skins and discarding the shells.
4. Grind up the skins and roll them into a cigarette, and
There has been much talk about hydrangea leaves and
their psychedelic qualities. You can get high from smoking
hydrangea leaves, but they are a deadly poison and have
been known to kill people. Do not smoke orM
Treat drugs with respect, moderation, and common sense
One last word on drugs, because I feel that I may have
created some confusion as to the actual use of drugs. They
should be used as an experience in life, rather than making
the experience itself outside the bounds of being. Treat
drugs the same way a normal person treats alcohol
respect, with moderation, and with basic common sense.
Make it a rule not to take any capsules without first look-
ing them up in a reference booM
k to confirm exactly what
they are. An excellent book on this is The Drug Takers,
published by Time-Life, which includes pictures of all the
common pills and capsules.
Avoid shooting or injecting any drug into yourself, and,
s sake, have the common sense not to allow any-
one else to do it. More cases of young people with hepa-
titis are brought into Bellevue every day just because of
a lack of common sense.
Mixing barbiturates and amphetamines usually results
in an insane, unpleasant experience, althoughM
some freaks who swear by it. Mixing barbiturates with al-
cohol can also be a bad scene. Most importantly, check
all the facts before taking any drug.
Avoid unpleasant company when high on drugs, especi-
ally acid or mescaline, as sometimes bad company can
throw an individual into a panic just as easily as he can
himself. This is also true to a smaller degree with pot.
Smoke with friends. Some sadistic cocksuckers have been
known to play incredibly cruel games with an individual
mind while he is stonM
If you are in the company of someone who has been
given an overdose of heroin, do not panic. Walk him, keep
him active, until you can get him to a doctor or hospital.
In no circumstances allow him to drift off into a coma. I
have heard of home remedies, such as injecting a salt solu-
tion into the person, but I have no medical verification for
this, and do not recommend it.
Treat any and all drugs with respect, for most of the
time they are stronger than you are.
chapter two: Electronics,
Figure 1 1 . Eavesdropper.
This country, with its institutions, belongs to the people
who inhabit it. Whenever they shall grow weary of the
existing Government, they can exercise their constitutional
right of amending it, or their revolutionary right to dis-
member or overthrow it.
This chapter is designed to explain and discuss an aspect
of revolution that for the most part everyone has forgotten
that being its constructive elements, rather than the blind
t everyone is accustomed
to. This chapter deals with strategy and tactics. A revolu-
tion, to be successful, must be a balance between passion
and practicality. Revolution must employ the maximum
amount of planning and the minimum amount of violence
and destruction. Riots, street violence, and demonstrations
have little place in a real insurrection. It is much harder to
create than to destroy, and a revolution must be created.
This chapter does not in any way deal with symbolic
protest. I detest symbolic protest, aM
s it is an outcry of weak,
middle-of-the-road, liberal eunuchs. If an individual feels
strongly enough about something to do something about
t prostitute himself by doing something
symbolic. He should get out and do something real. The
age of demonstrations is over, or at least I hope it
It lasted much too long as it was. Three years ago the
Provos in Holland realized this and completely changed
their tactics. They moved from the realm of peaceful
demonstrations to that of guerrilla M
theater, which included
rolling ball bearings at mounted police; letting several
thousand mice, with hammers and sickles painted on their
backs, loose at the Queen
s birthday party; and threaten-
ing to pollute Amsterdam
s water supply with LSD, which
happened to be legal at the time. Such measures are not
revolutionary in themselves, but the reaction of the military
and police to these actions causes a growth of revolutionary
In Prague, during the Russian takeover, there were a
multitude of undergrounM
d stations ready to broadcast, there
was a completely organized revolutionary press, and many
a cellar was converted into a factory to manufacture Molo-
tov cocktails and other weapons. Now the question comes
up: Why is the United States so far behind these countries?
Or, to phrase it another way: Why are American anarchists
and revolutionaries more intent on burning flags and draft
cards, than on employing constructive nonsymbolic tactics,
which are directed at positive change. I guess one of the
part of the answer, is the myth of the
difficulties in running a government. This idea that running
a representative government is difficult is bullshit. I agree
it becomes difficult when conflicts of interest appear on the
scene, but otherwise it
s as simple as running anything else.
American youth is frightened of the responsibility of build-
ing a new government, frightened of themselves, and fright-
ened most of all by their own potential actions.
A friend of mine has often said that, when the youth in
outh feels threatened by the government, then the
revolution will really be under way. I have come to be-
lieve him, because in the South there is a great deal more
feeling toward the community. In other words, the union
of the rural community has not broken down, as it has in
the North. In the North the young so-called revolutionaries
are fighting for ideals, rather than realistic goals. A revolu-
tion was never fought, throughout history, for ideals. Revo-
lutions were fought for much more concrete things: food,
clothes, housing, and to relieve intolerable oppression. The
real duty of a revolutionary is to create and expose intoler-
able oppression. The rural South, when it feels that these
things are in peril, will react quickly and violently, as the;,
will be fighting for their communities, just like the Black
Panthers and Young Lords are fighting for their commun-
ities. The so-called
students in the colleges
and universities are fighting for abstract ideals. I know of
no one, outside of Patrick HenrM
y, willing to die for an ab-
The way inflation is rising, and the manner in which the
president and congress are handling it, can all but insure a
major depression in the near future. This economic disaster
will act as a unifying factor, in the sense that those same
longshoremen and union personnel who are so alienated
from the youth of today will find themselves fighting right
next to youth for their very survival. The Black Plague in
London was ended by the Fire of London.
Several groups are already atM
tempting to cultivate bonds
with unions, by supporting strikes and marching on picket
lines. The only problem with these groups is that they don
understand that they will never get the support of the work-
ing class while they are shouting Marxist dogma and
In the last few months the newspapers have been full
of news about the army and G.I.s
civil liberties. It never
occurred to the newspapers that some of these men went
into the army with a single purpose: to create an atmos-
phere which would invM
ite mutiny and rebellion. The Bol-
sheviks did exactly the same thing in 1914 and 1915, for
the easiest way to form a liberation army is to use someone
s, especially if it belongs to your enemy. Many bases
have created underground newspapers and broadsides
which show a relatively large degree of freedom of speech.
ELECTRONICS, SABOTAGE, AND SURVEILLANCE / 63
Many violent and nonviolent outside groups have already
formed underground railroads to help resisters and desert-
ers into safe countries. Because of aM
standing up by oneself, it is obvious that, as the move-
ment grows, so will the desirability of joining the move-
ment, and its chances for success.
The government, with the army
s help, of course, has
fertilized the development of one of the largest under-
grounds, in Viet Nam, simply by its oppressive laws re-
garding the use of marihuana. This oppressive act in itself
has unified more servicemen than probably all the other
acts of oppression put together. A government creates its
ution. There can be no revolt without it.
Freedom is not a commodity which is
enslaved upon demand. It is a precious reward, the shin-
ing trophy of struggle and sacrifice.
Kwame Nkrumah, I speak of Freedom
Electronic bugging devices
One of the largest problems with any name that sounds
the least bit technical is that it frightens people to death,
and they steer completely clear of what they do not under-
stand. The field of electronic eavesdropping is the simplest
and one of the cheapest methodsM
of espionage available to
the movement at this point.
Any underground movement or truly revolutionary
group must keep up with the technology of the times. It is
useless to fight a battle with sticks and stones. There have
been claims that World War III will not be fought with
atomic weapons, but rather by computers millions of miles
apart: The machine that blows its fuse first, loses. Elec-
tronics play a huge role in the American life style today
and will play a tremendous part in any type of insurrec-
It seems strange that private industry and practically all
the governmental agencies (not only the FBI and CIA)
have been employing these tiny devices for years with fan-
tastic success, without the individuals in the underground
getting hip to the fact that they could also be used against
these corporations and agencies with the same degree of
success. Information is a large part of any movement, as
without it groups are literally stumbling around in the dark,
and whatever is accomplished is pureM
When the time comes that the movement needs equip-
ment and the urban struggle really takes shape, then the
most obvious place to get this equipment is from the
enemy. An electronic bug planted today will deliver the
necessary information, when the time arrives. The loca-
tion of the enemy is an extremely important thing to know,
as the time will come when an entire army regiment will
sweep through a community, and remove many so-called
questioning and detainment.
he army will provide liberal lawyers, who
will become safely indignant, and scream,
uation straightened out, just as soon as I can find out who
Any kind of sabotage or ambush activity will be abso-
lutely pointless without some sort of information as to the
s action and movement. This cannot be seen today
as clearly as it will be seen in the future, as the newspapers
are still allowed a token degree of freedom.
Much to our surprise, we found that a large number
ederal agencies used wiretapping despite Federal
laws, State laws, and agency regulations.
. . . There are miniature microphones, some smaller
than a thin dime. They can be hidden in any variety of
ways. There are microphones that can be attached to a
spike, and driven through the wall of one apartment to
the plaster wall of the next. There are tube mikes which
are built into the walls of a building when it is con-
structed. These gadgets are widely used by private de-
tectives and industrial and labor spies. SurprM
may seem, they are in no way illegal under federal
. . . Bugging conference rooms where taxpayers are
interviewed, often with their attorneys, is another trick
employed by the Internal Revenue Service to catch
suspected tax cheats.
Senator Edward V. Long, February 2, 1966
There are several types of electronic eavesdropping or
bugging devices, and I will handle each in turn. The most
common form of bug is wiretapping or the monitoring of
phone conversations. This is the simplest thing for any gov-
rnmental agency to do, as in most cases it only takes one
phone call and the officials receive complete cooperation
from the phone company itself. This is a warning to all
those who rap a lot over the phone; no one is so small as
not to be noticed. If what you have to say over the phone
cannot be said to a cop, better keep it to yourself.
On June 17, 1966, State Senator Mario Umana of
Massachusetts, Chairman of the Massachusetts Commis-
sion on Electronic Eavesdropping Devices, told a commit-
tee on eavesdroppinM
g that the New England Telephone
and Telegraph Company was running a system with which
it monitored every telephone line in Boston over a period
of more than a year.
All this may seem very complicated and technical, but in
reality bugging a telephone is so simple that many school-
boys do it illegally as a joke on their parents or friends.
There are many recipes for homemade phone taps, but
most of these are not really effective, and store-bought
products are much more efficient and very cheap.
The easiest way to iM
nstall a tap is to connect a second
extension to an already-present phone. This is a very prim-
itive and outdated method today, as when you pick up
the receiver there will be a click, and the phone company
will register an overload on that account. A simple way to
get around this is to buy a
which will allow you
to listen to the phone conversation without picking up the
receiver and overloading the phone line. Byphones are sold
at Continental Telephone Supply for about $10. This de-
d by placing it in the slot behind any standard
desk phone, and listening to the conversation by use of
the earphone. It is not necessary to lift the arm of the ex-
tension phone. (See Figure 12.)
Figure 12. The byphone.
Maybe even simpler than the last tap is the induction-
pickup method for monitoring phone conversations. An in-
ductive pickup is nothing more than a household nail wrap-
ped with tightly coiled wire and placed alongside the tele-
phone lines. This homemade method can be effective, but,
first method, I strongly recommend a store-
bought device. They usually run about $3 to $5. Most are
simply connected to the bottom of the phone, with the
wire leading from the pickup to your headset well con-
cealed, either in the woodwork or some equally unobtrusive
In this same class of induction-pickup probes is what is
This is nothing more than an induc-
tion-pickup probe in the form of a suction cup, which can
be attached to any spot on the phone. The sucker is ideal
ding messages, as it can be hooked up directly with
a tape recorder. The
sell for as little as 88 cents
through certain mail-order firms listed at the end of the
The actual wiretapping, that is in the news so much, is
really as simple as the bugs just mentioned, but it is a little
more expensive. The
is a line locator which
enables a person to clip the lines he is interested in and.
through a transformer, listen to or record the desired con-
versation. The best location for usM
the telephone junction itself, but they can also be used any-
where along the phone line. Most individuals who employ
these boxes usually make their own, as often they are
nothing more than a transformer, alligator clips, and a set
of headphones, but you can purchase them from R & S
Research, Inc., Houston, Texas, for about $35.
The next form of telephone bug is the line transmitter,
which transmits, by way of radio waves, the phone con-
versation you wish to listen to. The great advantM
is that the person doing the tapping never has to enter the
premises or tamper with the phone. Also, with its tiny size,
it can be concealed almost anywhere along the phone line
without too much difficulty. Most of these devices work on
standard FM bands, and they broadcast anywhere from
200 feet to a quarter of a mile. I can think of few things as
funny or irritating to the police department as finding out
that their own phones were tapped and all their conversa-
tions were being broadcast over an entiM
These little telephone radio line transmitters can be bought
from several mail order houses for $45 to $60, or the plans
can be purchased for $2.98 from Tri-Tron, Dallas, Texas.
These are basically the cheapest and most efficient bugs,
although there are many more sophisticated devices that
do all sorts of incredible things. If you
little knowledge of electronics, then the whole field of bug-
ging is wide open for you, as all the major electronics com-
panies are selling ready-madM
e bugs that can be installed in
seconds. One of the most popular of these ready-made
bugs looks exactly like the transmitter in a regular phone.
It can be installed in less than ten seconds, as the device
ELECTRONICS, SABOTAGE, AND SURVEILLANCE / 65
simply replaces the phone company
s transmitter. These
little mechanisms are so good that, in a lot of instances,
they have even fooled the phone company. They run about
$200 and are available from either Tri-Tron of Texas or
from Continental Telephone in New York.
r the real dodos, pre-bugged telephones are available.
The installation is nothing more than unplugging the old
phone and replacing it with the new pre-bugged one.
( Many professional phone tappers pose as telephone repair
men.) These pre-bugged phones are sold mainly through
mail order houses and run about $250.
The most sophisticated bug I have found available to the
and who the hell knows what the govern-
The Infinity Transmitter.
This is a device that allM
ows the individual to dial any num-
ber, regardless of distance, and, through an electronic tone
oscillator, deactivate the ring, thereby allowing the tapper
to hear anything within earshot of the phone without the
instrument being taken off the hook. These little wonders
of our age sell for about $ 1 ,000, but I think some compan-
ies offer a discount.
What is really ironic is that people are only slowly re-
alizing that telephone tapping is actually going on. I have
spoken to some people who have just recently beM
for drugs, and they are genuinely confused. They just seem
unable to understand why the cops chose their apartment
to raid. If you deal dope on the phone and live in an area
like Harlem or the Lower East Side, you
deserve to get busted.
When I was living on St. Mark
s Place with a friend, we
had a feeling our phone was upped, but had no proof until
one day when my friend went to make a phone call. Some-
how those mechanical geniuses had screwed up the tap,
and we had a direct line toM
the desk sergeant at the 9th
precinct. Needless to say, it caused many hours of amuse-
In the same class as telephone taps, and probably more
dangerous, are the undercover cops and FBI men who
infiltrate activist groups. It
s really getting to the point
t know whom to trust. One point about an
undercover cop in New York City, which does not apply
to FBI men, is that most of them have beards but short
hair. This is because the piam-dothes man is often trans-
ferred around the city and, if heM
managed to grow long
hair, how would it look in Queens? On the other hand,
FBI men are usually on the job for much longer periods
of time and are able more fully to don their disguises. If
you think you know a plain-clothes cop, do yourself a
favor and stay clear of him and warn your friends about
ve got the guts, you can have a great deal of
fun, since you know he
s a pig, but he doesn
you know. The East Village Other, The Rat, and The
Berkeley Tribe have all been very good over a peM
time, in publishing pictures of undercover cops.
During the revolution in Ireland, the British used a very
brutal and cruel form of terrorism to subdue the popula-
tion. Although the idea of terrorism revolted the Irish
Republican Army, they resorted to it as a last measure
against the British, and it worked. There was an under-
standing in the Irish Republican Army that for every farm-
er who was killed by the British, two English civilians
would die. For every farmhouse burned to the ground by
houses would be burned. The
British decided to stop their terrorist tactics.
The same type of terrorism is being practiced in every
ghetto of this country today, and it is my firm belief that
the only way to stop it is to show everyone what terrorism
is all about, and that two can play at the same game.
The choice of microphones for eavesdropping is an in-
teresting one, as many different types are made, and cer-
tain ones will not be as effective as others. The microphone
ll enough to be hidden easily, and at the same
time powerful enough to pick up whispers at 20 feet. These
microphones can then be rigged up to voice-activated tape
recorders, basic audio amplifiers, or any radio frequency
There are several basic types of microphones, and all
have disadvantages. Try to stay away from listening devices
that depend on batteries for their power supply, as nearly
always the batteries will die out at the important moment
in the conversation. Probably the most important rule M
bugging or telephone tapping is not to try to retrieve the
bug after it is placed, as more buggers get caught this way
than any other. Many professional tappers and buggers
have learned that using two microphones instead of one is
a good safeguard against one failing, but at the same time
it increases the chances of someone discovering it.
The first and probably most common type of micro-
phone is what is called the
button. These contain
fine granules of carbon between thin plates of the dia-
m; as the sound strikes the diaphragm, this in turn
compresses and decompresses the carbon, thus regulating
the amounts of electricity passing through it (See Figure
13). These carbon buttons are used in telephones and in
many microphones for cheaper tape recorders. There are a
few disadvantages to this type of microphone; carbon but-
tons are not sensitive enough to pick up sounds over 15
feet away. They also require large amounts of power.
Figure 13. The carbon button.
The second type of miM
crophone device is called the Cry-
stal Microphone, because it employs the use of certain
crystals. This is a good type of microphone because it does
not need external voltage, as the crystal when subjected to
pressure creates its own voltage. They are also pretty sensi-
tive, but should be hooked up to an amplifier. The only real
disadvantage in this type is that they are relatively unstable
when used out of doors, and even indoor temperature
changes can render them useless. They can, on the other
for as little as 50 cents through certain
Figure 14. Crystal Microphone.
ELECTRONICS, SABOTAGE, AND SURVEILLANCE /
The third type of microphone is the
which is probably the most efficient and stable. It
is nothing more than a loudspeaker operating in reverse.
It is a rugged microphone and is sensitive, but it usually
needs additional amplification.
There are too many different types of mikes manu-
factured to go into all of them, but the ones most suitable
for bugging and espionage work will be discussed here.
Some of the most popular ones are listed and pictured in
the Continental catalogue. There is the sugar cube mike,
which looks like a sugar cube. There are mikes that re-
semble ball-point pens. There are buttonhole mikes, which
appear to be nothing more than a button. There are mikes
manufactured within the mechanisms of watches. There are
even entire units, consisting of microphone, amplifier, and
recorder that are small enough to fit in a cigarette pack.
best bet is to shop around the catalogues with your
various needs in mind. Undoubtedly you will find some-
thing that will meet your requirements.
There are two other snooping devices which I feel must
mainly because they remind me of the
of the cloak-and-dagger and round-bomb-
type anarchist. The first is the notorious
Figure 16. Buttonhole mike, subminiature mike, suction
cup wall listener, and the parabolic reflector.
(effective but large)
Suction-cup Wall Listner
the latest electronic device for keyhole listening. It is
equipped with a long nose which can be easily put into any
crack or keyhole, or even unreeled out a window. It can
be obtained from Tri-Tron in Texas for about $40.
The other cloak-and-dagger listening device is what is
electronic stethoscope.
This is probably the
most popular of all room-to-room listening devices. It
hears and penetrates through thick walls, carpets, floors,
record entire conversations by plugging it into any
tape recorder. There is virtually no way of detecting this
type of gismo. They can be purchased from Consolidated
Acoustics for as little as $13.00.
Figure 17. The snake.
Figure 18. The electronic stethoscope.
Ever since the movie Goldfinger, where superspy James
Bond follows supercriminal Goldfinger around Europe,
everyone has been talking about
bumper beepers. These
bumper beepers are ordinary bugging transmitters which,
instead of sending outM
voices, send out beeps. Trailing
automobiles becomes very easy, since the trailer can stay
out of sight and rely on the beeping device to lead him.
Most beepers are placed on the underside of cars, attached
by either metal straps or strong magnets. The trailing car
has a built-in receiver and is able to gauge the direction
in which the subject car is going, the speed at which it is
traveling, and the distance between the subject car and the
trailer. The major difference in all these devices is the dis-
cover. A medium-priced unit ($150) can usu-
ally transmit detectable beeps up to three or four miles.
Continental Telephone (New York) puts out two models,
both selling for $375. One is installed under the dashboard
and transmits through the radio antenna, whereas the
other one contains its own power source and is equipped
with a powerful magnet so that it can quickly be attached
to any part of the underneath of an auto. There are less
expensive beepers from Fudalla & Associates (tail-A-beep
for $75) and Miles WireM
less Intercom, Ltd. (Car-Beeper
These beeper devices do have disadvantages, in that,
however well they are hidden, a small wire must be left
exposed to act as an antenna, unless you are able to use
an already existing radio antenna. Also the time needed
to install one of these devices is great and offers a real
hazard. The best way to get one of these installed is to p*
off a garage mechanic.
Voice-activated tape recorders
The most popular method of electronic espionage is tele-
phone wiretapping. In theM
past this had some overwhelm-
ing disadvantages, which the voice-activated tape recorder
has done away with. Any method of surveillance involves
a great amount of wasted time. For several hours of con-
tinual listening, one may receive two or three minutes of
useful conversation. In the past, this type of constant sur-
veillance required that a man sit for hours on end, with
headphones and a tape recorder, starting and stopping the
machine. Now, this is no longer necessary, as
nickname of the fully M
automatic voice-activated tape re-
corder) will upon hearing a voice turn itself on, and at
the termination of the conversation turn itself off. There
are a few voice-activated machines on the market today.
Probably the best of all is the Kinematrix
which incorporates an auto-timing device that allows the
machine to distinguish between real silence and iqomen-
tary lapses in conversation. This Voice-Matic sells for
about S35 and should be obtainable through most of the
mail order electronic supply M
companies listed in the back
To bring almost any bugging or listening device to life,
the eavesdropper must employ the use of an AM or FM
band receiver. This is nothing more than a normal radio
tuned to one particular band. It is impossible for me to list
here all the different types of receivers, as none of them is
manufactured with the art of bugging in mind. Choose the
ELECTRONICS, SABOTAGE, AND SURVEILLANCE / 69
type of device that best suits the individual needs of the
type of surveillance worM
k you will be involved with.
After purchasing the type of unit that best meets your
requirements, keeping in mind versatility, portability, and
durability, take the receiver to a local radio or TV repair
shop, and have them retune it for you. By retuning it, you
will have less of a problem with other, more powerful,
transmitters interfering with your desired frequency. Prices
anywhere from about $40 for a do-it-your-
self kit, to $300 for a pretty sophisticated receiver. It is
not necessary to purcM
hase the transmitter and the receiver
at the same time, or even at the same outlet. In fact, I
would recommend that it be done separately, as many gov-
ernmental agencies are extremely interested in persons
purchasing this type of equipment. One doesn
paranoid, just very careful, and employ common sense in
whatever operation is being performed.
Electronic bug detection
Electronic bug detection will probably be the most dif-
ficult aspect of this entire field, as you will be working on
ut the aid of much useful information that
can be gathered from the telephone company or other
agencies. (Most telephone bugs, except the most sophisti-
cated ones, can be detected by an overload on the phone
line itself.) A good tool for bugging detection is a normal
AM-FM radio receiver, portable, with a telescopic anten-
na. For application, extend the antenna in the room sus-
pected of being bugged, and tune the receiver carefully
from the bottom to the top, covering all the FM frequen-
cies, at the same time tM
alking to yourself continually. At
one point, if a bug is present, you will be able to hear your
voice through the receiver, although the voice may be
indistinguishable, because of top-volume feedback. This
feedback will always be a deafening continuous howl,
scream, or high-pitched whistle. To learn the exact location
of the bug, cut the volume of the receiver, and slowly move
around the room. The feedback will increase in volume as
you get closer to the bug. When a bug is discovered, there
is a moment of confusioM
n and fear in regard to its elimin-
ation. In one sense, destroying a bug is an admission of
guilt, and can do nothing more than provoke the enemy
to rebug in a more sophisticated manner. For that reason
I would hesitate to remove a bug. Instead I would attempt
to use it against the bugger himself, by feeding him false
and misleading information.
In some cases, the bugger may have taken precautions
against this type of detection and, by readjustment of his
oscillating capacitor, he may be transmitting on a range
low the sensitivity of your radio. In this case, employ
your television set in the same manner as you did with
your radio, using the ultrahigh frequency knob. As you
move across the range of frequencies, keep your eyes on
the picture, until you have found a pattern of dark wavy
lines that move in relation to your own voice, coupled with
top-volume feedback. The actual location of the bug is a
little more difficult, unless your TV set is battery operated,
but by use of several extension cords and slow movement
can be accomplished.
This feedback technique can also be used when the bug-
ging involves CB (citizen band) walkie-talkie. One of the
simplest methods of bugging is to tape down the trans-
mitter button on a cheap walkie-talkie, and plant it where
the conversation is to be held. The process of detection is
exactly the same as above, except that, instead of using a
radio or TV set, one uses a tunable citizen band receiver to
Although the previous
time-consuming and not 100 percent efficient.
For these reasons, electronic experts have invented and
marketed a small meter, which detects transmitters. The in-
teresting problem that these experts had to overcome was,
with all the high-powered radio and TV stations transmit-
ting, how would it be possible for an individual to detect
a low-powered transmitter, such as a microphone? This
was overcome by simply reversing the gauge. In other
words, when the meter was
the closer the meter is taken to the
transmitting device, the less of a reading the meter regis-
ters. These field-strength meters are available from most
large electronic companies and range in price from about
$10 to $200, depending on quality and strength.
A device similar to the
company has marketed, utilizes a small bulb, which blinks
only in the presence of a bug. The true value of this device
is that it is capable of separating normal radio waves
(which do not affect it) fM
rom the dangerous radio signals
emitted from a bug. It is available from Dee Company,
Houston, Texas, for about $200.
re not electronically minded, or just not equip-
ped to find the tap on your phone. Continental Telephone
has a device that allows you, through the use of its meter.
to determine if the wire is tapped, and, if so, where it is
located. Unfortunately this device (called
Most of the devices written about so far in this chapter
with regulations placed on their application, but
the very possession of certain jamming devices is illegal.
These jamming devices basically destroy the effectiveness
of a bug rather than locate it. The reason the Federal Com-
munications Commission has put strict regulations on these
is the effect they have on other means of communications,
such as completely destroying AM radio reception, render-
ing TV sets useless, making communications on police
band radios impossible, and even to some degree interfer-
th aircraft communications. To be truly effective as
anti-bugging devices they must cover the whole spectrum of
radio frequencies, which in turn will cause interference to
other outside receivers and transmitters. For this reason
control is of the essence. When determining what exactly
you wish to jam, you must also determine the frequency to
be used, so as not to interfere with other signals. If you de-
cide to use a jamming device for an illegal purpose, you
must at all costs maintain mobility. (Jamming from the
back of a moving truck has been proven effective.) Mobil-
ity is necessary, because the FCC also employs detecting
and locating devices for use against underground radio
stations and unregulated jamming devices.
There are basically two types of jamming devices, the
first of which is not manufactured commercially and would
have to be built by the individual. This type is called
and is more powerful than the other,
covering a much greater distance. The second type is refer-
and is manufactured by
Continental Telephone, Dectron Industries, Inc., and
Telsec, with a price range from about $150 to $350, de-
pending on strength.
Electronic scramblers
Electronic scramblers are devices that simply act as anti-
bug mechanisms by transforming normal speech patterns
into unintelligible sounds. The most primitive method,
outdated today, is recording a message on a tape recorder,
and then transmitting it, either by playing it backward or
at a different speed. Although this meM
ily frustrate the bugger, if he has half a brain, it won
him long to decode your message. The basic principle of
scramblers, or any coding device, is to render the message
useless to anyone except the desired recipient in control of
the decoding device.
There are several types of electronic scramblers, all ef-
fective but all sharing the same disadvantage
most inexpensive one I found in any catalogue ran about
$500, but then anyone with a slight knowledge of burglary
not be put off by this obstacle. This most popular type
is manufactured by Dectron, and is used as an extension
to the telephone. The speech is garbled before it enters
the mouthpiece of the phone, and decoded after it has left
the receiver. A pair of these run just over $500, but the
real disadvantage to these devices is that the individual
code your devices are working with is retained in a vault by
the company, so that anyone with access to that vault can
break down your security.
The second device used for scraM
mbling is manufactured
by an English company, and it works on the principle of
inverting the normal speech patterns. In other words, it
makes low notes high, and high notes low. This offers the
individual a little bit more security, as each person
frequency is as different as his fingerprints. Their major
disadvantage is price. It sells for between $1,000 and
The third type of scrambler is used only for radio trans-
mission. This device can also be purchased through Dec-
tron, for about the same M
price as mentioned before. The
radio scrambler works on basically the same principle as
all other scrambling devices, in that it inverts or disorders
the frequency and pitch of the speech pattern while it is
being transmitted, and then reverses the garble to render
it understandable to the receiver.
Mail order and retail electronics outlets
I have listed below some of the major electronic mail
order and retail outlets. Many companies that sell this type
of equipment do so only to police officers, and require the
rchaser to prove his relationship with some law enforce-
ment agency. For that reason they have not been included.
The companies listed are all involved in the manufacturing
and/or sale of eavesdropping and surveillance equipment.
S.A.C. Electronics, 4818 West Jefferson Blvd., Los
Angeles 1 8, California
Baker Electronics Co., R.R. 3, Greencasde, Indiana
(mail-order plans and kits only)
ELECTRONICS, SABOTAGE, AND SURVEILLANCE / 71
Dehart Electronics, P.O. Box 5232, Sarasota, Florida
Continental Telephone Supply Co.M
, 17 W. 46th St., New
York, N.Y. (fantastic catalogue)
Martel Electronics Sales, Inc., 2356 S. Cotner Ave.,
Los Angeles, California
R & S Research, Inc., 2049 Richmond Ave., Houston,
Mittleman Manny, 136 Liberty St., New York, N.Y.
(only custom devices
Clifton, 11500 N.W. 7th Ave., Miami, Florida
Consolidated Acoustics, 1302 Washington St., Hobo-
ken, N.J. (only listening devices)
Ekkottonics Co., P.O. Box 5334, Milwaukee, Wiscon-
Dectron Industries, Inc., 13901 Saticoy St., Van NM
California (only anti-bugging equipment)
Dee Co., Box 7263, Houston, Texas 77008
Tri-Tron of Dallas, 330 Casa Linda Plaza, Dallas,
Texas (discount bugging equipment)
Security Electronics, 1 1 East 43rd St., New York, N.Y.
Telephone Dynamics Corp., 1333 Newbridge Road,
North Bellmore, N.Y. (only miniature microphones)
Simlar Electronics, Inc., 3476 N.W. 7th St., Miami,
Tracer Systems, 256 Worth Ave., Palm Beach, Florida
The Federal Communications Commission and the
Supreme Court have been uptight about M
eavesdropping for some time. They have both passed laws
and made regulations concerning electronic surveillance.
For these reasons, I would emphasize the utmost care and
knowledge in the application of these devices. What is in-
teresting is the actual wording of the law, where any inter-
state wiretap (interstate does not mean interstate, it applies
to all tapping through some strange logic) except in a
matter of security is against the FCC
s regulations and is
punishable by a fine of no more thaM
n $10,000 or five years
in jail. The neat little exception made for security gives all
of the government agencies, particularly the FBI and CIA,
and all local police departments, free license to practice all
and any forms of surveillance without any restrictions. Al-
though certain cases have been dismissed in court cases
methods of collecting evidence, in
reality if the government feels an individual is a security
risk (for any reason) it can produce tapes in court that
have been gathered M
by wiretapping, supposedly not as evi-
dence, but the defendant goes to jail anyway.
America, at this point, is operating on a life-size Mon-
opoly Board. Everyone who isn
t in jail or going directly to
jail is buying and selling thousands of pieces of paper, with
absolute seriousness of purpose, unable to realize that
there will be only one winner, and when he gets out of jail,
s going to kick all their asses.
Broadcasting free radio
In any underground, throughout history, a prime con-
cern has been communiM
cations or propaganda. Propa-
ganda, as a word, has ugly connotations, but in reality it
means nothing more than the distribution of information.
This country has begun to develop an underground net-
work of communications, in the many small newspapers
which have cropped up all over the country. Although
there is a spark, there is also a monstrous lack of commun-
ications, once you get outside any of the large metropolitan
areas. In preparation for writing this book, I had to do a
great deal of reference work. In tM
his reading I encompassed
almost all extremities of the political spectrum, from far
left to far right. These extremities are so alike, and could
be so powerful if they ever got over their preconceived im-
pressions of each other and started to communicate. This
is the reason I feel the underground has to take propaganda
one step further, from the printed page, to the radio broad-
The radio is a factor of extraordinary importance. At
moments when war fever is more or less palpitating in
every one region or a M
country, the inspiring, burning
word increases this fever and communicates it to every
one of the future combatants. It explains, teaches, fires,
and fixes the future positions of both friends and ene-
mies. However, the radio should be ruled by the funda-
mental principle of popular propaganda, which is truth;
it is preferable to tell the truth, small in its dimensions,
than a large lie artfully embellished.
Che Guevara, Guerrilla Warfare
Kwame Nkrumah, in his Handbook of Revolutionary
Warfare, also stresses the uM
se of radio propaganda. He
breaks it down into two basic forms: The first and most im-
portant is the same as Che was writing about in the above
quotation, this being to communicate truth to people of the
country about the struggle. Nkrumah takes this idea one
step further, and says that really to communicate the
underground must speak on many different levels, and this
is a key point. How can an anarchist who has a right-wing
background understand or relate to a left-wing anarchist,
who uses Marxist terminology? TM
his forces the under-
ground to communicate with many different frames of
reference. This hasn
t happened in this country: Everyone
from far left to the far right is hung up with dogmatic
ideals, overused terminology, and is absolutely blind to
s second concept of propaganda is for the pur-
pose of subverting the enemy.
An indispensable preliminary to battle is to attack the
mind of the enemy, to undermine the will to fight so that
the result of the battle is decided before the fighting beM
gins. The revolutionary army attacks an irresolute and
Nkrumah, Handbook of Revolutionary Warfare
This use of propaganda to discourage the enemy has also
a great place in the struggle that is going on in this country
today. It has been used to a small degree, with fantastic
success, around military bases. There was a regiment of the
National Guard that refused to go to Chicago during the
National Democratic Convention. Underground news-
papers and handbills have encouraged G.I.s to dissent
nd desert, and have shown them that it is possible. The
effectiveness demonstrated by this demoralizing form of
propaganda depicts nothing more than the real turmoil that
exists. The successful effect of this communication has re-
sulted from one aspect of its nature
that being its pas-
sionate regard for truth.
Printing a revolutionary newspaper is a great deal easier
than forming an underground radio station. Although the
government has strict restrictions on printed material, it
is nothing like the regulatioM
ns it places on radio and tele-
vision broadcasting. The FCC runs the radio networks with
an iron hand, with the ever present threat of revoking a
license. For this reason, any radio station which is striving
to be absolutely free must make the ultimate break with
the FCC. This can be accomplished in two ways. The first
and most dangerous, but at the same time the most effec-
tive, is by using high power equipment, jamming out other
stations, from a mobile base of operations. The FCC has
incredibly sophisticated eqM
uipment, and can locate any
pirate radio station in a matter of minutes. For this reason,
mobility is essential. Transmitting from the back of a dis-
guised truck has been used successfully, although the
movement of the truck while broadcasting must be con-
stant, never repeating the same pattern, but at the same
time keeping within the broadcast power area. This means
of transmission is especially effective at gatherings, such as
demonstrations and riots, to keep people informed as to
the movement of the enemy. ThM
e best method of obtaining
equipment is building your own, as to buy a large trans-
mitter requires the individual to be licensed. Not only that,
s expensive. You can build your own from plans and
equipment purchased through mail order, from most of the
companies listed earlier in this chapter.
The second method for getting around the strict FCC
regulations is legal. Under the FCC
s low-power-transmis-
sion regulations, one can legally broadcast below 100 milo-
watts at any empty space on the AM or FM dial, M
registering or being licensed. The disadvantages are ob-
vious: One can only broadcast up to one mile. Even within
that mile, interference from the high-powered commercial
stations is present. And if enough people get into this form
of broadcasting the FCC is going to make some sort of reg-
ulation against it. This method is not just theoretical, it
has been implemented on the Lower East Side, by John
Giomo and his Guerrilla Radio. He broadcast from the top
AM dial, and claims he did everything the FCC said he
t. I am sorry to say I did not hear the broadcast,
as I was out of the one-mile area at the time.
Telephone and communications sabotage
Telephone sabotage can be applied on many levels. First
I will explain what 1 am not going to write about. I feel
there is no need for me to explain how to make free phone
calls by telling the operator that you dialed the wrong
number, just as 1 am not going to get into explaining how
to use a number 14 washeM
r with Scotch tape in a pay
phone, or cheating on credit card calls, or spitting on a pen-
ny. These are all explained in Fuck the System, a pamphlet
on living freely in New York City. The interest I have in
telephone sabotage is purely communicational and com-
Commercial in the sense, that over the past few years
my absolute hatred of vending machines and pay phones
ELECTRONICS, SABOTAGE, AND SURVEILLANCE / 73
has led me to break into almost every kind I could find.
Parking meters are the easiest by far: M
hammer and chisel or a large monkey wrench. Soda
machines are almost as easy, but real delight comes from
ripping a Kotex machine off the wall of a women
room, or sticking a small explosive charge in the coin slot
of a pay toilet. I have never been able to break into a pay
smash them, yes, put them out of order, but
never able to open them up and remove the coins. This is
for several reasons: One is the time element, as most public
phones are easily seen, and the other is thM
phones are installed with amazing locks, which have com-
To get back to the purpose-of this section, I must em-
phasize the importance of breaking down the enemy
munications. This in turn results in^ confusion and chaos.
Imagine, for a moment, a squad car without a means of
communicating with its precinct, or an enemy aircraft with
its radio jammed. This act of breaking down the enemy
lines of communications is not an end in itself, rather it is
ut extremely important, part of a total
When considering communications, it is best to start
from a primitive base and work up to more sophisticated
tactics. The first and simplest method for rendering a tele-
phone inoperative is only temporary. It entails calling the
phone company and asking that a certain number be discon-
nected. This will work for individuals, but not for agencies
or law enforcement organizations. An important factor in
any form of telephone sabotage is the time aspect of veri-
in other words, the amount of time it takes the
phone company to trace a call. The phone company can
tell right away if you are calling from a pay phone, so this
should be avoided. Call from a private phone which you
cannot be connected with, and limit your conversation to
under ninety seconds. Important: Most law enforcement
organizations, companies, corporations, and businesses
have more than one phone line, and in most cases one or
more will be' unlisted.
A common misconception is that a person can rendM
phone useless by dialing a number and, before the party
answers, leave the phone off the hook. This is not true, and
t work. Even if the caller doesn
t hang up his phone,
the receiver can get a dial tone by hanging up himself and
holding the hook down for a little over thirty seconds. Al-
though this method does not work in the city (I know be-
cause I have experimented with it), I have heard reports
that it has been used in rural areas with varying degrees of
success. I would suggest trying it out wM
ith a friend, to see if
it is effective in your area.
The other truly effective method is the most dangerous.
It entails the actual cutting of phone wires. This is much
easier in a rural area where the phone lines are above the
ground, and there are not so many of them. It should be
noted that complete telephone communication with a small
town or village can be broken in less than ten minutes.
Probably the most important thing here is having a com-
plete understanding of what you are doing, and using the
ols. Phone lines do carry electrical charges and,
without complete knowledge of what you are doing and
without the correct tools, it would be very easy to electro-
cute yourself. In rural areas, the basic tools should be:
rubber-soled shoes (sneakers); pliers with rubber grips;
large heavy-duty wire or tin cutters, also with rubber grips;
a pair of surgical rubber gloves; a small flashlight (operate
at night) ; and a body strap to allow you free movement of
your hands once at the top of the pole. Important, before
attempting any telephone wire cutting, get hold of a copy
of the telephone repairman
s manual, and read it.
This same operation can be performed in urban areas,
although the process is much more involved. In most urban
areas the phone lines run beneath the street level, and they
are usually incorporated into tunnels dug, for the sewers. At
this point it may seem simple but, in addition to the phone
lines in the sewers, there are also all the high-voltage elec-
tric lines. If you cut into one of these, I don
insulated you are, you
ll fry. An urban saboteur should
either be in possession of a detailed map of the phone
lines, available at any municipal library, or carry a small
electric line locator, so that he can find the right line to
cut. The urban guerrilla, on this sort of mission, should
carry all the tools the rural guerrilla would have, except he
should exchange the body strap for a rubber-insulated hack
saw, also add a crowbar. The hack saw is for the metal
encasement that surrounds all phone andM
the sewers. Access to the sewers is pretty easy, as most
manholes will take you into an amazing complex of all dif-
ferent-sized tunnels, where you can get thoroughly lost,
unless you have had the foresight to study a map of the
sewers, also available from any municipal library. Know
exacdy where you are going, know all the obstacles that
you may come in contact with, and have several routes of
escape planned, in case of an emergency. Needless to say,
if you decide to go into the sewers, dressM
cold, damp, infested with rodents, and dark, and many
tunnels are partially full of water.
A word of caution about using explosives to sever phone
lines: In the sewers, don
t. In Paris in 1945, the French
resistance decided that to aid the oncoming Allied troops,
they would cut all lines of communication from the Nazi
Headquarters and Berlin. This proved unsuccessful, for
many reasons, but the important fact was that they did at-
tempt to use explosives in the sewer system. A small charge
placed right on the phone lines, and detonated from a
good distance away. The phone line was cut but, unknown
to the resistance, so was a gas main, right next to lines. The
result: phone lines cut, a large number of civilians dead,
and a block and a half completely leveled. Not only was
the area totally destroyed, it was flooded by the bursting of
water mains which also shared the sewers with the phone
One can use small explosive charges in rural areas, as
the lines are above the ground.
spise your order, your false-propped authority.
Hang me for it ! ! !
Other forms of sabotage
A great deal of sabotage employs the use of explosive
charges, but these methods will be discussed in a later
chapter; here I will attempt to discuss nonexplosive sabo-
tage operations. Sabotage plays a very important role in
any form of warfare, especially in the guerrilla struggle.
The urban areas are extremely conducive to the type of
sabotage I will be dealing with in this section, as the dis-
es are short between targets, and it is easier to create
chaos and havoc when dealing with large numbers of peo-
ple, in a relatively small area. This havoc and chaos that
I have been talking about needs a definition, since I am
using the terms in a different context than what they mean
traditionally. Havoc and chaos are and should be the small-
est part of the revolution. They take the smallest amount of
time, and the maximum amount of planning. This time will
be governed by a mob, driven not by fear, but by angerM
and the passionate belief that they do what they do because
they are the people, and more importantly they believe they
have impunity. I do not speak of the tactics of nihilism,
breaking windows and setting garbage cans on fire, for
they accomplish nothing.
A few of the more active indiyiduals in New York City
placed a strong form of epoxy glue in all the keyholes of
the stock market, on Wall Street. When this substance
dried, it hardened into a material as tough as steel. The
Stock Exchange opened three hours laM
te, after locksmiths
had been called in to remove the useless mechanisms.
Epoxy glue is fantastic, and its uses are unlimited.
Since machines run the society we live in, it
that an equal degree of destructive creativity be leveled
against them. Computers, because of their very nature, are
extremely easy to render inoperative. When paying bills by
computer, always remember that you have the ultimate
advantage of an open mind, and the ability to rationalize,
whereas the machine is programmed to do one tM
good method of sabotage is simply to punch a few extra
holes in the IBM card. Most of the time the card will be
rejected, and it will cost the company a few dollars to
rectify the mistake. I have heard of people who have
performed this operation, and have been issued several
worth of credit. This can be performed
When I was working for a large New York corporation.
I had to deal with a bank, every day. ''I realized, after a
period of time, that the people who were working aM
bank had lost their identities, and were nothing more than
machines themselves. Well, this sort of psychological sur-
realistic science fiction really got me interested. I viewed
myself as a saver of identities, as the Messiah of the Spirit
of Individualism. I was brought to earth quickly. These
t want to be saved. I was going to turn them
all on to acid, but then I decided that a better tactic would
be to screw up the object of their emulation, the computer.
On my daily deposit I placed a largeM
tape. This resulted in the deposit slips, themselves, getting
stuck in the bowels of the computer. It took the bank
three or four hours to take the machine apart, and unjam
the mechanism. In unjamming the machine they somehow
altered the program, and it didn
t work right for weeks. I
never had the guts to return to the bank, but I hope the
clerks lost their reverence for the divine, infallible machine.
Another form of sabotage is shoplifting. There is a big
ELECTRONICS, SABOTAGE, AND SURVEILLAM
difference between a common thief and a revolutionary:
The revolutionary will steal from large corporations, and
the common thief will steal from anyone. If you can ever
get over the Protestant ethic, you will be able to see what
I mean. Every revolutionary has his own method of steal-
ing, and there are too many for me to get into, but I will
try to state some basic common-sense tactics.
1. Operate in pairs with one person holding the employee
attention, the other stealing him blind.
nary, your job is to rally popular support,
not to alienate people. For this reason, do not steal from
3. Get into and out of the store as fast as possible. Do not
spend a long time trying to hide the merchandise, or
4. If you are caught, play along. In other words, be hum-
ble, and pretend to be nervous. Always apologize profuse-
ly, and even cry if you can. The chances are good the
t have you arrested.
5. If you are caught and let go with a warning,M
return to the same store.
6. Usually large department stores do not arrest shoplifters
the first time, unless they are violent, or the merchandise
is over a certain dollar value. Be careful all the same.
7. Circular mirrors are very popular with large stores,
where blind corners are present. These can effectively be
used against the employees by simply reversing their pur-
pose. Watch out for two-way mirrors.
re going to get into shoplifting in a big way, check
out all its aspects. A large store M
located near a big subway
stop, (Times Square, Grand Central, or Penn Station) of-
fers a great means of escape, especially in the rush hour, if
9. Never carry identification with you. Work out a system
with a friend (see the last chapter) whereby he will be able
to verify your false name and address.
10. Needless to say, never carry dope, weapons, or any-
thing else illegal with you.
11. If caught for shoplifting or robbery never admit to
being part of the movement. It will get you more time in
Another extremely easy method of sabotage can be em-
ployed against motor vehicles. Law enforcement cars,
jeeps, weapons carriers, all the way up to tanks, can be
rendered useless by several simple operations. The first of
these is the simplest, but it is only temporary. It entails
removing an important part of the vehicle
such as the distributor cap or battery. There is no doubt
that this will work, and can be accomplished in a matter
of seconds, but the vehicle can also be repaired in a matterM
of seconds, if the parts are available.
The second method, which is equally effective, and by
no means temporary, can also be performed in a matter of
seconds. It is accomplished by pouring several pounds of
either sand or sugar into the vehicle
s gas tank. This re-
sults in these foreign particles jamming and virtually de-
stroying the motor. The sugar will crystallize in the fuel
line and carburetor and effectively block the operation of
the engine. The sand, on the other hand, will rip the inside
e to shreds. Both of these ingredients will stop
the operation of a vehicle permanently, as repair would re-
quire a complete overhaul of the engine, which is usually
impossible in combat situations.
The third method is total destruction of the vehicle, by
burning or exploding. An important thing to keep in mind,
before destroying anything, is the use it might have to the
movement. To burn a car, just siphon some of the gasoline
out of its tank, by means of a section of hollow tube, and
pour it over the car. If theM
car is locked, smash the win-
dows and soak the inside with gas also, then ignite.
A very important thing to remember in any form of
subversive activity is to allow an escape route. Things are
bound to go wrong, I don
t care how many precautions a
person takes there will be something he hasn
Cars are an excellent method of escape. Of course it helps
a great deal when stealing a car, if the person has left his
keys in the ignition, but, if not, there are other ways. Any
auto repair manual can tellM
you how to jump the ignition,
a car. Volkswagens are extremely easy. An-
other trick which can be used with old Chevrolets (before
1964) is to catch a car with the ignition switch on
The keys can be extracted from the ignition of an old
Chevie without locking it. The car
s engine will be off, but
it can be started by simply turning the receptacle for the
key, and stepping on the gas pedal. I drove a car from
New York to Florida without a key.
The car may be started without a key whenM
of the positions (2, 3, 4).
There are a few basic rules for sabotage and guerrilla
1. Make sure the operation will be effective. Never waste
time with either a violent or nonviolent operation which
2. Hit the enemy where they least expect it, and where it
will hurt them the most.
3. Most sabotage should be carried out at night.
4. Timing must be perfect, as the longer the operation takes
the greater the chances are of something going wrong.
h people you trust. Many spies and in-
formers will suggest plans that could only get you busted.
Work in small groups, or cells, consisting of no more than
6. All operations should be simple and fast, and several
means of escape should be planned.
7. All weapons should be concealed, all explosives should
be treated with the respect they deserve. (Check the chap-
ter on explosives for correct handling.)
8. All groups must have a leader. He should be picked for
his leadership qualities. He will make allM
9. The need for secrecy is obvious. Security and secrecy
must be maintained without reservation.
10. Any member who breaks the code of the group must be
executed, in full view of the other members.
The time has passed for demonstrators and pseudo-
revolutionaries and students to occupy the political scene.
The time is here for a mass uprising, incorporating all these
elements, armed with single-minded deadly intolerance.
There is no justice in bureaucracy for the individual, for
only to itself. The writers, artists, and
poets of the revolution will have a job that has never before
in history been so great, for they must create a value
structure for the New World, for The New American. 1
stated in the introduction that this would not be in a con-
temporaiy sense a political book, and I feel that it is not.
inasmuch as I have tried to avoid using the dogma that is
so prevalent now. It seems acceptable today to scream for
revolution, without any concept of what will follow it, This
hat the forces at large want, for who will follow i
To be successful, man must change himself, the individ-
ual must have a revolution within himself, for then and
only then will he be able to change the world. There is no
room for narrow-mindedness in the coming insurrection
Each man must break, with passionate understanding, the
chains which chain him to himself. For if one man dies in
indifference, the entire revolution dies with him. One can-
not practice the same bureM
aucracy one is fighting against;
the revolution is secondary, the system is secondary, pol-
itics is secondary, to the individual.
Effective sabotage, like the practical joke, must employ
a grain of truth in a solution of deadly irony. This means
that sabotage serves two basic purposes; first of all to
weaken the enemy, and second of all to build the morale of
the liberation army. Although revolution and sabotage are
deadly serious, one should always retain his sense of humor
and apply it if possible to the operatiM
ons used. An example,
which can be employed today with the draft system, is to
use the weaknesses of the bureaucracy against itself.
When a young man is forced to go down to his local
board and register for the draft, he is required to give only
a small amount of information. To use this fact effectively
against the Selective Service System, a large group of young
men must go to a local board and register twice or three
times under false names, in addition to their real registra-
tion. This will cause the bureaucraM
cy of the Selective Serv-
ice System to go berserk. They
re already so uptight about
people attempting to avoid the draft that they would really
flip out if all of a sudden their records showed that sev-
eral hundreds or thousands of people just didn
and couldn't be traced. It would never enter their heads to
think it might have been a put-on. An interesting theatrical
twist to this same idea is to have everyone do his false
registrations on the same day, so that many, many pre-in-
are due on the same day. Thus the full
impact of the missing persons will hit the induction center
chapter three: Natural,
It is not a matter of being compelled to break eggs before
an omelet can be made, but the eggs doing their own
breaking in order to be able to aspire to omelethood.
It is criminal to teach a man not to defend himself when
he is the constant victim of brutal attacks.
As I have stressed before, men, not weapons or equip-
ake up a revolution. A revolution is made up of
ideas that cannot be implemented without struggle. But
struggle is no goal unto itself, nihilism is a childish answer
to adult problems. When thinking about weapons, one
must bear several things in mind: the availability of these
weapons and ammunition, the effectiveness of the weapons,
and the portability of the weapons. When struggling with
an enemy that is more powerful than the guerrilla army, an
excellent tactic is using the enemy
s weapons, since there is
rtually unlimited supply of parts and ammunition. All
weapons that are not stolen from the enemy should be paid
for in full, as a revolutionary
s purpose is to rally popular
support, rather than alienate the people he is supposedly
By weapons, I do not mean to say just firearms. In this
chapter I will try to cover most of the weapons a revolu-
tionary or guerrilla would need. These needs will differ
somewhat from rural and urban locations. I will attempt to
cover not only the weapons that are availaM
vidual, but also weapons employed by the army and the
police force. This will be for two purposes: first to acquaint
the freedom fighter with what he will be up against, and
secondly to inform him on the use of these weapons once
This chapter could be quite large. For that reason, I
have broken it down into several basic sections, with demo-
litions following in the next chapter. The first section will
cover hand-to-hand combat, one
s natural weapons, and a
ice and civilian. These de-
vices will encompass equipment available from suppliers,
equipment that can be stolen, and equipment that can be
made at home. The next section will cover lethal weapons
(handguns, rifles, shotguns, and larger machine guns).
The last section will discuss the use of chemical agents
and gas, both defensively and offensively. An important
factor to bear in mind at this point in the revolution is the
legality of these weapons. Most of the weapons that are
described in the following chapter aM
re illegal and posses-
sion, whether concealed or not, can lead to long jail terms.
For that reason I strongly re-emphasize security, secrecy,
and the fact that the application of these weapons must be
careful, deliberate, and extremely well planned.
I have no patience with individuals who claim that
everything will be beautiful if guns and other weapons are
outlawed. These people do not have the foresight to rea-
lize that, if weapons are made illegal, they will only be
possessed by enemies of the people (i.e., thM
police, outlaws, and madmen). I feel very strongly that
every person should be armed and that he or she should
be prepared for the worst. There is no justice left in the
system. The only real justice is that which' the individual
creates for himself, and the individual is helpless without a
gun. This may sound like the dogma expounded by rad-
ical right-wing groups, like the Minute Men. It is.
Unity is the only way in which the people of this countr\
can overthrow the fascists, communists, capitalists, M
the other assholes who claim running a representative gov-
ernment is so difficult. The emphasis has been taken from
the Bill of Rights and placed on the type of interpretation of
the Constitution that best suits the people in power.
A chapter on weapons should begin with the basics
those being the primitive, but effective, maneuvers of the
body, for the purpose of killing a man. I will not try to
get into judo, karate, or any other form of sporting combat,
for that would take a book in M
itself. What 1 will try to do
with this section is describe the basic methods of killing
another man with one
s own hands. If this turns your
stomach, just remember that your enemy does know what
s doing, and, if you don
t, he then has the obvious ad-
vantage. Two good reference works on this subject are
The Special Forces Combatant Manual and The Marine
Corps Field Manual on Physical Security. This training is
of great use to any person interested in revolution in a
serious sense. It will build confidenceM
in the individual and
take away false security and reliance on a firearm. It is
also useful for night patrols, and for sabotage missions
where silence is of the essence. There are five basic funda-
mentals of hand-to-hand combat:
1. Make full use of any and all available weapons.
2. Attack aggressively, if possible by surprise, using max-
imum strength against your enemy
3. Maintain your balance at all times and destroy your
4. Maneuver your enemy in such a way as to use his
to his disadvantage.
5. Learn each phase of the training before trying to attain
speed. Precision is, at the beginning, more important.
NATURAL, NONLETHAL, AND LETHAL WEAPONS
When engaged in hand-to-hand combat, your life is al-
ways at stake, and you should recognize that fact. Using
any available weapon is just common sense. Throwing sand
s eyes can result in temporary blindness and
confusion; this should be taken advantage of immediately.
There is only one purpose in hand-toM
that is to kill. Never face an enemy with the idea of knock-
ing him out. The chances are extremely good that he will
When a weapon is not available, one must resort to the
full use of his natural weapons. The natural weapons are:
the knife edge of your hands, fingers folded at the second
joint or knuckle; the protruding knuckle of your second
finger; the heel of your hand; the little finger edge of your
hand; your boot; elbow; knees; and teeth.
Attacking is a primary factor. A fight wasM
defensive action, and this is not a high school brawl, this
is a matter of life and death. Attack with all your strength.
At any point or in any situation some vulnerable point on
s body will be open for attack. Do so scream-
ing, as a scream has two purposes: first, to frighten and
confuse your enemy; second, to allow you to take a
deep breath, which in turn will put more oxygen in your
blood stream, and afford you more strength than you would
normally have. Your balance and the balance M
ponent are very important factors; since, if you succeed
in making your enemy lose his balance, the chances are
nine to one you can kill him in the next move. The best
overall stance for hand-to-hand combat is where your feet
are spread about a shoulder
s width apart, with your right
foot about a foot ahead of the left. Both arms should be
bent at the elbows parallel to each other, either side of the
face and throat. Stand on the balls of your feet, and bend
slightly at the waist, somewhat like a boxeM
ploying a yell or scream, or sudden movement with either
hand, can throw your enemy off-balance.
There are many vulnerable points to the body, and the
next several pages will cover each briefly, with explanations
Eyes: Temporary or permanent blindness can be in-
duced by several means, first by forming a
your index and middle fingers and driving them into your
s eyes, keeping a stiff wrist and fingers. Done
with force this can be permanent. The thumbM
knuckle can be used in gouging the eyes.
Nose: The nose is an extremely vulnerable point of at-
tack. It can be struck with the knife edge of the hand.
across the bridge. This will cause breakage, sharp pain,
temporary blindness, and, if the blow is hard enough,
-death, as the nose bone with force can be driven up into the
brain. Another method of attacking the nose is to deliver
an upward blow with the heel of your hand. This will have
the same effect as the blow on the bridge.
s apple is usually pretty hard
to get at, because anyone who values his life has learned
to keep his chin down, but if you find you do have an open-
ing, strike a hard blow with the knife edge of your hand.
This can either be a forearm or backarm blow. The
chances are, if you connect with a hard blow, your enemy
will die, with a severed windpipe, but if the blow was only
partially effective you may still find your enemy in severe
pain or gagging. Another method of attack on a man
s apple is squeezing iM
t between your forefinger and
Temple: An enemy can easily be killed by a sharp blow
to the temple, as there are a large nerve and an artery close
to the skin. A heavy blow delivered with the knife edge of
your hand will kill instantly. A moderate blow to the tem-
ple will cause severe pain and concussion. If you succeed
in knocking your enemy down, kick him hard in the tem-
ple, with the toe or heel of your boot. It will insure that he
will never get up again.
Nape of the neck: A rabbit punch, or blow deliveM
with the knife edge of the hand to the base of the neck,
can easily kill a man by breaking his neck, but to be safe it
is better to use another weapon, such as the butt of a gun,
or a hammer. If you can knock your opponent to the
ground, apply a kick to the back of his neck with either
a knee drop or the heel of your boot. Generally speaking,
the side or heel of the boot is a better weapon than the toe,
as it tends to slide off the object it is attacking.
Upper lip: The point where the nose cartilage joins the
upper section of the jaw is where a large network of nerves
is located. This network of nerves is extremely close to the
skin, and a sharp upward blow, with the knife edge of
your hand, will cause extreme pain and unconsciousness.
Ears: Coming up behind the enemy and cupping the
hands in a clapping motion over the victim
him also immediately. The vibrations caused from the clap-
ping motion will burst the victim
s eardrums, and cause
internal bleeding in the brain.
Chin: Ever since the cowboyM
movies got a firm hold on
the American people, every other punch has been directed
at the chin. The chin isn
t that vulnerable. An effective
blow can be delivered with the heel of the hand, but stay
away from swinging with a closed fist. More fingers are
broken and wrists sprained by people swinging with a
Groin: This is the one spot that everyone who has ever
been in a fight is conscious of, and tries to defend. If it is
left open, attack viciously with your knee in an upward
motion. A person can aM
lso use his fist or heel, especially
if he has managed to floor his opponent.
Solar plexus: The solar plexus is a large network of
nerves located at the bottom of the rib cage. A blow should
be struck slightly upward with the protruding knuckle of
the middle finger. A sharp blow can cause severe pain and
Spine: The spinal column houses the spinal nerves, and
a well-directed blow to this region can easily kill or para-
lyze an enemy. The only really effective means of delivery
for a blow of this sorM
t is after you succeed in knocking your
enemy to the ground. The blow can be made by either the
knee, elbow, heel, or toe. It should be directed about two
inches above the belt line, as this is where the spine is
Kidneys: A large nerve that branches off the spinal cord
comes very close to the skin at the kidneys, and a direct
blow to the kidneys can cause death. To attack this area,
you can either use the knife edge of your hand or a fist
that is folded at the second knuckle. If you have knocked
ur opponent to the ground, a blow may be delivered with
Collar bone: A sharp blow delivered with either your el-
bow or the knife edge of your hand can break the collar
bone and bring an enemy to his knees.
Floating ribs: The floating ribs are sensitive parts of the
body and can either be attacked from the front or back. It
is best to attack and deliver a blow to the enemy
side, since this is where his liver is located. A stunning
blow can effectively be delivered by using the knife edge
of your hand or, if you have managed to down your op-
ponent, you can kill your enemy with a kick from your
heel, elbow, knee, or toe. Remember always that you are
not engaged in a high school brawl, you are fighting for
your life, and therefore should use full force at all times.
Stomach: There are many combinations of blows which
can form a basic attack pattern, but one of the most basic
is a blow to the stomach. Excepting the solar plexus, the
stomach is an area which cannot be treated as an end in
r as a starting point for a series of blows. The
best way to strike the stomach and get maximum penetra-
tion is to go at it with a fist formed by folding the fingers at
the second knuckle, and striking deeply with a slightly up-
swing. A blow to the stomach will cause the enemy to bend
deeply forward. When this occurs, either strike your enemy
full force with your knee in his face, or employ a well-di-
rected rabbit punch to the base of his neck.
Armpit: A large network of nerves is very close to the
rmpits. The great problem with a direct strike
to this area is its lack of accessibility. For that reason, it
is more likely that you would attack this area after you
have managed to bring your opponent to the ground, and
are in control of his arm. An attack should be led by a toe
or heel kick. A sharp blow to this area will cause severe
pain and temporary partial paralysis.
Instep: The bones in the instep are very small and weak,
and can be broken quite easily. A stomp, using the edge of
your right boot to your enM
s right instep, is effective
and at the same time protects your groin area. The instep
is an area to remember, as it is almost never defended or
protected, and, if directly attacked, can render an enemy
immobile and in severe pain. This attack area is also useful
for breaking an opponent
s grip, especially if he is holding
you from the back (i.e., a full nelson).
Knee: Kick your enemy
s kneecap by delivering a blow
with the edge of your boot (not with the toe, as it is liable
to slip off, and leave your eM
nemy unharmed). The blow
should come on an upward swing there to catch the under-
neath of the kneecap and rip the cartilage and ligaments.
This will cause severe pain and affect mobility. If you man-
age to get behind your enemy, a blow to the knee can just
as easily and effectively be delivered.
Shoulder: If you manage to get hold of an opponent
arm, it takes very little strength to twist it, thus causing
dislocation. This operation should be performed quickly.
It is not the job of a guerrilla fighter to tortM
He should dispose of him as fast as possible. The twisting
NATURAL, NONLETHAL, AND LETHAL WEAPONS / 81
action involved in this operation might remind one of a
half nelson or hammer lock performed quickly with the
object in mind to create disability rather than pain. The
type of action can also be performed well if you have
managed to bring your opponent to the ground. It can be
followed by a knee drop to the spinal cord, which will re-
sult in paralysis or death.
Elbow: The joint in the elbow is one M
points in the body, and can be dislocated or broken with a
relatively forceful blow. Grasp your enemy
arm and pull it behind him. This will cause his arm to stif-
fen. As you are doing this, strike a sharp blow with the
heel of your hand to the backside of his stiffened elbow.
This will result, depending on the strength of the blow,
in either dislocation or breakage.
Wrist: A wristlock is useful for several reasons. Most
importantly, an enemy can be controlled in this position. A
ristlock is nothing more than placing both thumbs on the
s hand and bending it at a right angle
to the forearm. This will produce extreme pain and loss of
Fingers: The fingers are an important consideration, be-
cause more than half the blows your enemy is capable of
delivering entail the use of the fingers, in one form or an-
other. The fingers can be broken in several ways. One of
the most effective is by using the left hand as a lever: Grasp
the wrist and pry it down, while at the M
with the right hand, the middle and index fingers back. This
will cause breakage. This operation can be used to break
A word of caution should be noted at this point. These
operations should be practiced before used. As with al-
most everything else, just reading about techniques is not
good enough. One must practice and become skillful, fast,
and precise. In training yourself, you should never forget
that only a small amount of pressure is capable of killing
or maiming an individual. ThM
erefore, take it easy on your
Application of hand weapons
If a weapon is available, only a fool will choose to use
his hands and feet, but what is more important is the appli-
cation of these weapons. I would rather fight a man with
a knife, without a knife myself, if the person did not know
meaning that I had two hands free where
he had the hindrance of a weapon he was not skilled in
using. When considering a type of makeshift weapon, al-
ways take into account what it is going M
how well you will be able to use it.
A bayonet hilt, tent peg, or any blunt object can be ex-
tremely effective in silencing a sentry. A sharp blow with
any of these objects, directly to the back of the neck, will
in most cases break the enemy
s neck and kill him instantly.
A blackjack can easily be made from wet sand and an
old sock. You fill the sock about a quarter full of sand,
tying a knot just above the sand. When attacking an
enemy, you should strike hard at the nape of theM
will result in the same injuries as described in the above
If you have a rifle, but no ammunition, use the gun as
a weapon itself. By striking the butt of the rifle deeply into
the hollows of a man
s back you will be able to stun him.
By striking the same hollow with the toe of the rifle, you
likely kill the man.
Probably the most commonly used weapon outside of a
firearm is a knife, and at the same time it is perhaps the
most misused weapon of all. More freedom fighters have
ed through stupidity and lack of training than all the other
causes put together. Of course your enemy is going to
kick a knife from your hands if you extend it out in front
of you. Exactly the same situation with a handgun; a pistol
should always be kept at the hip and out of the possible
grasp of the enemy. An important factor in employing a
knife as a weapon is the grip which you will use. The best
over-all grip is as follows: Lay the knife handle diagonally
across the palm of your outstretched hand. Now, with yM
thumb and forefinger grip each side of the handle, just
beneath the guard, but do not encircle it. With the rest of
your fingers grasp the remaining portion of the handle and
Figure 20. The correct grip for holding a knife.
This type of grip allows you to maneuver the knife in
most directions easily and quickly. The stance for a knife
fight is just as important as the grip on the knife itself.
You should get into a half crouch, feet spread shoulder
width apart, putting all your weight on the balM
feet. If you are right-handed, then your right foot should
be just behind the left. The knife should be held close to
the hip and out of the reach of the enemy.
When attacking with a knife, there are certain vulnerable
spots you should try for. These will result in death or
Throat: The throat is one of the most vulnerable spots
in the body and should be treated as such. Any person
who has the smallest idea of what
s going on will defend
his throat well. If you see an opening, or are ableM
facture one with your free hand, then there are two basic
forms of attack. If the enemy is overprotective about his
throat, do not pursue the issue, look for another point of
attack. In no circumstances risk your own balance for an
attack you may not be able to complete. The first type of
attack to the throat area is a straight upward thrust to the
hollow at the base of the neck, about an inch below the
s apple. This will cause immediate death, since the
thrust will sever the jugular vein. The secoM
is a slash movement to either side of the throat. This will
result in cutting the carotid artery, which carries blood to
the brain. A slash of this type will cause death in a few
seconds. Since the throat is so vulnerable, it will in most
cases be well defended. It is sometimes better to wound an
enemy in another spot first, so as to cause him confusion
and the dropping of his throat defenses.
Stomach: The stomach should be considered more of a
diversionary tactic, than a fatal end in itself. AlthM
deep stomach wound will result in death if left unattended,
a great tactic is to employ a combined thrust and slash to
the stomach. This will result in confusion and fear. His
confusion may cause him to drop his throat defense and
try to protect the already-inflicted stomach wound.
Heart: The heart is another fatal spot to be considered in
your attack, but it should be noted that the heart is well
protected by the rib cage, and is pretty hard to hit. A sharp
thrust will usually slip off the rib cage and peneM
heart. This will result in death instantly. This type of thrust
should incorporate an upward swing.
Wrist: This is an excellent place to consider, especially
if your enemy tries to grab for the knife, your arm, or a
piece of clothing. A slash to the inside of the wrist will cut
the radial artery, which is only a quarter inch below the
skin surface. With a severed radial artery, a man will lose
consciousness in about thirty seconds and die within two
Upper arm: The upper arm is as vulnerable as tM
in that a well-placed slash will sever the brachial artery and
cause death in about two minutes. A slash should be used
on the upper inside arm regions, since a thrust would give
you less of a chance of making the desired contact. If a
thrust is unsuccessful, it will tend to thro\y you off balance,
and leave you open to attack.
Inside upper leg: A slash combined with a thrust move-
ment directed to the inside of the leg just below the groin
will result in severing some very large arteries, and will
Kidneys: This type of attack can only be launched from
the rear of the enemy, and is especially effective for mis-
sions that require absolute silence. One should launch the
attack when he is about five feet from the back of the vic-
tim. Then, with one movement, he must simultaneously
thrust the knife deep into the kidneys and cover the vic-
s mouth with his free hand. After a few seconds, he
should remove the knife, slashing as it is being retracted,
and then cut the victim
the time his throat is
being cut. the victim should already be dead, but everything
Collar thrust: The subclavian artery is located about
three inches below the surface of the skin, between the
collar bone and the shoulder blade. When attacking this
point, you must come up from the enemy
the knife as if it were an ice pick. You must thrust straight
down into the indentation by the side of the neck. A good
policy to follow when employing this form of attack is
s mouth and nose, to avoid any un-
necessary noise. This artery is difficult to hit, so when
withdrawing the knife use a slashing motion, to make the
wound larger and insure that you have severed the artery.
Once it is severed, the enemy will die almost instantly.
There is nothing funny about killing a man, and these
methods are not a joke. They work, and are being used
today by the Army, Marines, and Special Forces, in South-
east Asia. When attacking or being attacked, remain as
calm as possible. Do not lose yoM
ur head, through anger or
NATURAL, NONLETHAL, AND LETHAL WEAPONS / 83
few. A freedom fighter
s worst enemies are his emotions.
s actions, try to guess what his next
move will be, and prevent him from making it. I have no
patience with a man who agrees that he is threatened, but
refuses to protect himself, because he is disgusted with, or
afraid of, violence. Everyone feels fear, and the brave are
only those who can think logically and calmly about their
fear, placing it in its proper relatioM
n to the matter on hand.
no hitting below the
are for children or sportsmen. Violence is a deadly
serious adult operation, with no room for second thoughts.
The act of silencing sentries is especially important when
involving oneself in a guerrilla struggle. This type of at-
tack will be used many times in ambushes or sabotage at-
tempts. The primary key to this type of attack is speed and
silence. Any of the above attacks, which are based on ap-
proaching the enemy fM
rom the rear, can be employed to
silence a sentry or guard by simply covering his nose and
mouth with your free hand, while thrusting the knife into
one of the fatal spots with the other. An interesting and ef-
fective method is to use the enemy
s weapon against him-
self. You approach the guard from behind, and simultan-
eously deliver a rabbit punch to the nape of his neck, and
grab the front of his helmet and pull sharply back. Now,
if his helmet is strapped on, this will cause his neck to
break, with instant M
unconsciousness, followed by death.
If his helmet is not strapped on, the chances are good that
your rabbit punch will render him unconscious, but, to
make sure, follow through with the free helmet and
crack his skull open with it. This operation can be per-
formed fast enough so that the guard will not have a chance
The main point in any hand-to-hand combat situation is
for the individual to assess the problem at hand and use
the operation he believes will result in the type of eM
desired. The training of any guerrilla should incorporate a
real balance between self-confidence and fear. Always re-
member that your enemy will know what he is doing, and
most of the time better than you do. For this reason it is
better to have an advantage to begin with, whether it be
a weapon, or just the element of surprise. A guerrilla fight-
er has to be the most ferocious fighter in the world; because
in the established legal terms, he has committed high trea-
son, and will not be taken prisoner. If aM
guerrilla is caught.
he must expect torture and death. This is one of the real
advantages in the liberation struggle.
In this section I have included several recipes for hand
weapons, which tend to be both semilethal and lethal.
There are also a couple of recipes for sabotage, which
t fit into any other chapters.
One of the simplest and most effective weapons in this
class is the old-fashioned hatpin. It is about three to four
inches in length with a plastic knob on one end. It can be
purchased from almost M
any five-and-ten-cent store. This
can be used as a lethal silent weapon, as illustrated by the
following true story. A revolutionary group in Ireland was
being threatened by an informer, who had gone over to the
enemy. They knew that he had to be exterminated, for the
safety and morale of the entire band. He was heavily
guarded, but, through some surveillance work, they man-
aged to find out where he ate, the times of his meals, and
the number of guards. One day, while the informer was
eating, a member of the guerrM
illa force unknown to the in-
former entered the dining room and sat down next to him.
He ordered food so as to place the guards at ease, and then
ran a four-inch hatpin into the informer
directly into his brain. He died instantaneously, soundless-
ly, and with what would appear to be a heart attack. The
assassin left the eating place, with impunity, as he had
propped the dead man up, and wandered back to his base
Old-fashioned hatpins are among the easiest weapons to
is declared, all weapons, except those
that are well hidden, will be confiscated. Therefore, im-
promptu weapons must be created. This is a good recipe
for a hand-to-hand combat weapon which has proven ef-
fective at several demonstrations. All you need to make one
of these weapons is an empty beer or soda can and a
can opener. With the can opener fray the two ends of the
can outward, into a maze of jagged points. To put into
operation, tape the center section with electrical tape, to
form a good grip, and swing tM
he can back and forth in
front of your adversary.
Knives are an essential tool as well as weapon for any
person aspiring to be a guerrilla. There are many types of
knives, and all have different purposes and uses. The knives
I am going to discuss will be those that can be employed
both as tools and weapons, with the maximum amount of
efficiency. The sheath or hunting knife is a primary tool
for any rural or urban guerrilla. The best types are the ones
designed for use by the military themselves. The knife
ed in Figure 23 is the Marine Corps combat knife,
which has a sturdy seven-inch blade, and a leather, grooved
handle for sure grip. The blade is covered with a water-
resistant substance, which prevents rusting or corrosion,
t interfere with the use of the blade. This is one
of the best knives on the market.
Figure 23. Marine Corps combat knife.
Another extremely dependable knife is the Air Force
survival kit. This is more than just a knife, it is a kit, which
includes a five-inch blade with sawteeth onM
has a heavy hexagon butt which can be used for a hammer,
and a grooved leather handle for sure grip. It comes with a
leather pouch which houses a sharpening stone. It is pic-
Figure 24. Air Force survival kit.
Another type of sheath knife is the throwing knife. This
is a great weapon, only if the person is trained with it. Do
not take the chance of using one of these without the skill
acquired by much practice. Another important disadvant-
age to the throwing knife is that it is juM
and cannot be used for any other purposes because its
edges are generally pretty dull. If you have the skill and
know-how to throw knives, this can be a silent and deadly
weapon. These are relatively inexpensive, but need- to be
Figure 25. Throwing knife.
Figure 25 depicts a typical inexpensive throwing knife;
it is ten inches long and perfectly balanced. It has a leather
handle, which insures a good grip in almost any situation.
Watch out for wooden handles for just that reasonM
The three types of knives illustrated are about the best
for combat in either rural or urban environments. Bayon-
ets and machetes can and should be employed in rural
areas, but they are much too large for combat or tool use
in the cities. The knives discussed on the previous page are
available from almost any Army-Navy store without re-
strictions, except that in some areas they will ask you your
Switchblades (spring-operated pocket knives) and stil-
ettos (also spring-operated pocket knives, except the blaM
shoots straight out the handle) are effective in the sense
that they can be employed with great speed, but in my
mind their disadvantages override any effectiveness. First
of all there is no way to open them if the spring breaks, and
it seems that in a real emergency little things like springs
always break. The second disadvantage is in their size.
They are usually pretty small, but there are larger ones
which tend to be slower and much more prone to breakage.
Third, they are illegal, and who wants to go to jailM
carrying an ineffective weapon? There is a general rule
which applies to most tools and weapons; the fewer moving
parts the better the weapon.
An important factor with any weapon is the psycho-
logical effect it will have on the enemy. Therefore any type
of odd-shaped knife is a good weapon; the more brutal
looking the better. A curved carpet cutter is a good ex-
NATURAL, NONLETHAL, AND LETHAL WEAPONS / 85
ample of this. Although a straight razor falls into this
'classification, it is one of the worst weapons M
A straight razor has no lock, and the blade can flip back
and cut off the holder
s fingers. Also stay away from gar-
bage like icepicks, car antennas, bicycle chains, and all the
rest of the street-gang bullshit. None of these weapons is
effective, and the chances are very good that your enemy
Brass knuckles and clubs
There are several other weapons which are extremely
effective in hand-to-hand combat. The weapons I will dis-
cuss on the next couple of pages are in the club family.
the ones illustrated and described are police
weapons, since the police have the most effective ones.
There is a very common misconception that clubs are not
lethal weapons. They are lethal in the sense that, if you
whack someone over the head with a club, the chances are
50-50 that his head will either crack or smush.
Brass knuckles are an extremely effective semilethal
weapon, for use in hand-to-hand combat. They are easy
to make, although they are also inexpensive, if you can
find them. They are illegal in mostM
states. There are several
types of brass knuckles. The first and most common is
illustrated in Figure 26.
Figure 26. Brass knuckles.
It is nothing more than a metal bar, that can fit onto
the hand, connected with four ringlike holes for the fingers.
The other types include the Kelly Come Along (Figure 27)
Figure 27. Kelly Come-Along.
and sap gloves (Figure 28), which are nothing more than
a pair of leather gloves with a metal bar sewed into them,
either over the knuckles or palms.
In Figure 29, all the billies on M
the left are legal, in the
sense that a civilian may possess them. The flat slappers,
brass knuckles, sap gloves, and Kelly Come-Alongs are
illegal to all but police officers. The billies can be bought
without restriction at almost any Army-Navy store.
Another great weapon against horse guards is what the
farmers call a cattle prod, and the police call a
These are devices that look very similar to
a billie club, except at one end they have two rather long
prongs, which transmitM
a relatively low voltage shock. Al-
though the shock is low voltage, it
rider from his horse, or completely confuse an attacker, to
the point that he is helpless. These are available from
Continental Telephone Supply Co., 17 W. 46th St., New
York, New York, for under ten dollars. The police version
is illustrated in Figure 30.
Figure 30. Mob-control stick.
A weapon which is definitely considered lethal is the
garrote. This is an ultra-effective device for beheading
ple. It incorporates all the facets which make up a great
weapon: speed, silence, simplicity, and deadliness. It is
constructed from two pieces of wood with a section of
piano wire attached.
Upon approach, the hands are raised, crossed as the
wire is brought forward, down, and over the head of the
enemy. Thus at the back of the head the wires are crossed
over and the left hand pulls to the left, and the right hand
to the right. This is an extremely deadly weapon.
so-called flat slappers
are leather billies, with a
spring just above the han-
dle. The head is leather-
Figure 29. Different types of billies and blackjacks.
NATURAL, NONLETHAL, AND LETHAL WEAPONS /
When discussing any type of weapon, the most import-
ant factor is not the acquisition of that weapon, but rather
its application. An example of this is present everyday in
any slum neighborhood. The gangs of young kids that run
around with their makeshift weaponsM
could be one of the
most potentially dangerous forces in America, if they only
learned how to make full use of the weapons available to
them. Every great political leader and powerful tyrant has
realized the wealth of energy, courage, and blind cruelty in
the age group between 12 and 16 years old. These kids
t scared, they have no concept of death, they love
excitement, and with training could make the best com-
mandos. Hitler used the young people of Germany in
a young terrorist organizM
probably one of the most effective the world has even seen.
Mao also employs 13- and 14-year-olds in his Red Guard,
because they have not yet developed a conscience for their
actions. The development of this age group has begun in
the United States with polidcal involvement on a high
school and junior high school level, but, at the same time,
the energy present must not be drowned in dogma. It must
be channeled through education into specialized fields,
which will be necessary to the great change in M
Any moron can obtain weapons, but what he does with
these weapons is the factor which will determine the suc-
cess or failure of a particular operation. This is the major
cause of the failure of the Minute-Men. They have the
weapons, but not the training or the technical know-how,
to be effective with them. Nkrumah, in his book on revolu-
tionary warfare, basically outlines the types of training
a guerrilla fighter should have. He says that, before any
actual weapons or physical training begins, theM
be educated in the justness and the reality of his cause. This
type of mental training, indoctrination, is very important,
but at the same time is not easily accomplished. The un-
trained recruit knows nothing of guerrilla warfare. All he
understands is the oppression, the lies, and the bullshit
that have been fed to him for so long. This is what the
revolutionary force cannot resort to. They must create for
the new recruits, as well as the older combat veterans, a
brotherhood of truth, without dogma,M
passions, feelings, and the basic moral fiber of the indi-
viduals. It is impossible to explain Mao
14-year-old. For that reason, the educators of the revolu-
tion must get rid of the archaic terminology, and speak to
the people, rather than down to them.
Untrained individuals must be trained in shooting rifles,
pistols, and some small machine guns. This type of ballis-
tics training includes not only shooting accuracy and marks-
manship, but also safety measures, care and cleaM
actual combat application. While the physical and technical
training is going on, the educators must instill in the train-
ees a discipline. This discipline must be an internal self-
discipline for the survival of the group, in contrast to the
external mechanical type of discipline that they are fighting
against. The best type of training is actual combat with
a guerrilla band, so, as soon as an individual has progressed
far enough, he should be taken into combat, as an equal
member of the band. In the trM
aining of a fighter, an attempt
must be made to understand the common problems of the
men. The most common of these will be fear. This should
be talked about, and real attempts should be made at all
levels to understand it, although cowardliness must never
There is an extremely effective method for sabotaging
trucks and other military vehicles. Two guerrillas stretch
a heavy duty cable across a highway diagonally. They must
pick a highway which is frequently used by the enemy. The
cable can be attacheM
d to trees or poles placed there, for that
purpose. Once the cable is pulled taut, the guerrillas must
paint it black so it won
t show up in the vehicle
lights. Now the guerrillas leave, insuring their safety. As
the vehicle hits the taut cable, it will slide down the cable
rather than breaking it, into a tree or well-placed mine.
There are five basic methods of obtaining weaporis (fire-
arms). One can always purchase them. Although mail
order gun selling is now illegal, many staM
ient on sale of weapons. Raiding arms depots is also very
effective, but should only be considered when the guerrilla
band already has enough weapons to sustain an attack of
this size. Disarming police or military personnel is a good
method. It also boosts the morale of the guerrilla troops.
One can attempt to make firearms himself, but this should
only be done if the individual has had prior training and
knows exactly what he
s doing. A faulty weapon endangers
the entire band. The cleverest andM
safest method of ob-
taining weapons is to post a guerrilla as a worker in a
munitions factory, and steal what is needed and leave the
other weapons so damaged that they are useless.
When discussing firearms, as with almost everything
else in this book, I feel obligated to caution the reader
against his own ignorance and carelessness. A gun is not a
toy. A gun is not a plaything. Treat your weapon with re-
spect, because the time may come when its proper use can
save your life. This will probably sound corny, if yM
not had experience with a gun. If you have had experience,
s true. A few rules for the use of a weapon:
1 . Treat your weapon as your most prized possession.
2. Clean it regularly.
3. Do not jokingly point a gun at anyone, including
4. Do not allow anyone but yourself to shoot your
5. Understand your gun, to the point where it become^
an extension of yourself.
6. Take pride in your abilities in regard to shooting, but
in no circumstances boast about them.
rganization has no use for cowboys or
8. In most situations, shoot to kill, but there are cir-
cumstances where a wounded man can cause more trouble
for your enemy than a dead man.
NATURAL, NONLETHAL, AND LETHAL WEAPONS /
Pistols and revolvers
Every man in a guerrilla band should have as part of his
basic equipment a handgun. The pistol or handgun, as with
all firearms, should be of a type for which ammunition and
parts are. readily available. Obsolete weapons should not
be used. For this reason, usingM
the same type as your
enemy has great advantages. Do not get hung up with
strange weapons. Stick with the simple regulation-type pis-
tols and rifles. Do not use antiques.
There are basically three types of pistols, the difference
Figure 33. Browning high-power automatic pistol.
This is a sturdy 32-oz. gun, with a 13-shot magazine. It
includes both thumb and magazine safeties; therefore, a
shot cannot be fired without the magazine in place.
being primarily in loading, and rapid fire. The type you
ave to worry about is the muzzle loaders. The other
two are the revolvers and automatic and semi-automatic
magazine-type pistols. Both have advantages and disad-
The pistols listed below are there for several reasons:
They are used to a great degree by either the police or the
military, they are powerful enough to have fairly good stop-
ping power, their prices are not too outrageous, and spare
parts and ammunition are pretty easy to come by.
Figure 34. Smith & Wesson 9-mm. automatic pistol.
ller weapon weighing only 26 ozs., without
the magazine. It comes with an 8-shot magazine and fea-
tures hammer-release safety, short-recoil double action,
locked breech. And the slide locks open on the last shot.
Figure 35. Colt Commander automatic pistol.
This is a .45 automatic that uses a 7-shot magazine,
weighs about 26 oz. It has good fire power and packs
plenty of punch. It has both a grip and thumb safety.
Priced about $115.00. Also available in Super automatic
Figure 36. Smith & Wesson comM
bat masterpiece revolver.
This is an inexpensive .38-caliber special. It uses a 6-
shot cylinder and, loaded, weighs about 36 ozs. This is
an attractive weapon because of its efficiency and price.
$89.00. All prices quoted new, cut in half for used prices.
Figure 37. Charter Arms undercover .38 special.
This is a small (614"), light (16 oz.), revolver, with a
5-shot cylinder. It is available in 2"or 3" barrels, and
is a powerful little gun. It is excellent for undercover work,
where a weapon would have to be conceaM
attractive aspect about this little weapon is the price,
Figure 38. Colt official police revolver.
This is a heavy-duty (35-oz.), .38 special police wea-
pon, which has obvious advantages. The cylinder packs
six power punches, with good stopping power. If you are
unable to get one without paying for it, they usually run
Figure 39. Llama Model VIII automatic pistol.
This pistol (either .38 or .45) has been manufactured
for law-enforcement officers and defense only. These areM
not hunting guns. They are heavy-duty, hard-hitting, accu-
rate handguns. The .38 uses a 9-shot magazine, whereas
the .45 uses a 7-shot clip. These weapons have been pop-
ular in the past because of their many safety features. I
rate this weapon very well, and feel that it is in a class with
the Browning 9-mm. automatic. Priced $75.00 for .38, and
NATURAL, NONLETHAL, AND LETHAL WEAPONS /
Smith & Wesson as a company has manufactured as in California which beat the gun laws in an interesting man-
many military and police weapons as any other. Before you ner, for a while. They wore side arms in a holster at the
purchase a weapon, I would advise sending away for their hip when they rode. By wearing them in plain sight, they
catalogue. Smith & Wesson
s list of military and police conformed to the concealed weapons regulations. Need-
weapons is basically as follows: .38 Chiefs Special M-36 less to say, this scared the shit out of the cops, and not
priced $76^50, .38 Bodyguard M-37 priced $79.00, .38 many of tM
he cyclists received speeding tickets until the law
Military and Police M-10 (either round or square butt) was changed.
priced $76.50, Military and Police .38 Special Airweight Small-arms (hand-guns) ammunition should be no
M-12 priced $79.00, .38 Combat Masterpiece M-15 problem if you have been reading this chapter straight
(either 2- or 4-inch barrel) priced $89.00, and the Highway through, and have picked out a weapon that has its bul-
Patrolman, a .357 magnum M-28 priced $98.00. lets readily available. The prinM
ciples behind bullet projec-
Jt is a good policy to stay away from .22- and .25-caliber tion are different and should be noted. There are basically
weapons, as they do not have the stopping power necessary two priming methods for all small arms ballistics. The first
for most military operations. A .22 magnum pistol can ef- I will not discuss, as it is not used in the United States, and
fectively be employed at close range, for assassinations, but is generally considered not as safe as the boxer method,
ally advisable. The boxer primer is used for the most part throughout the
When purchasing any weapon second-hand, be very United States. It is manufactured in two parts, the primer
careful and inspect the weapon thoroughly, since if it separately from the cartridge case and then inserted into it
does explode, it will be your face or hands that it blows to as a unit.
pieces. Also place equal importance on the security of the The boxer primer consists of a small anvil and the ig-
individual selling the weapon, as manM
y states have strict niting charge. When the primer cup is struck, it is indented
laws governing firearms, especially handguns. and the igniting charge is compressed between the cup and
Although some of the easiest handguns to come by are the anvil. The flame that results passes through the anvil
foreign military weapons, I would suggest the same care in and through the vent which leads to the interior of the case,
picking out a foreign weapon as you would employ when and ignites the main powder charge,
a used weapon. There was a motorcycle band
Figure 40. Boxer primer.
There are several different types of slugs for each caliber
weapon. The primary difference is in the shape of the nose
of the slug (i.e., round nose, flat point, spire point, soft
point, etc.). The dum-dum bullet is illegal, but many com-
panies have attempted to incorporate some of the dum-
s characteristics without going to the point of becom-
ing illegal themselves. The dum-dum is nothing more than
a slug with a groove or cross M
filed on its nose. This is done
so that the bullet will literally explode within the body
of the victim. An interesting experiment with a dum-dum
is to fire one at relatively close range at an old phone book.
The front of the book will show a hole about the size of a
quarter, whereas the back will be blown completely off
and shredded into thousands of pieces. If the texture of a
phone book is comparable to the texture of the h um an
body, then you are able to project the impact of this type of
pick up a weapon and in a short while be-
come a reasonably good shot. This makes it extremely easy
for the virtually untrained individual to come to believe
that he is an expert in ballistics. False confidence is as great
a fault as no confidence at all. In the training of any free-
dom fighters there must be a merger of fearlessness and
intelligent caution. A dead man has no use for confidence
Figure 4 1 . Snap holster.
There are many types of holsters for these handguns.
Each is designed wiM
th an individual purpose in mind. A
good holster has to have three basic considerations: safety
of the gun within the holster, security against loss of the
gun, and speed in which the gun can be drawn into action.
The holsters pictured below try to incorporate these three
facets. I would warn against holsters with devices for quick
draw. Devices always fail when you need them most.
This is an excellent type of fast-draw holster. Many
police and military installations have started using them.
They have a small screwM
which places tension on the gun,
making it impossible to fall out. $5.50
Figure 42. Spring holster.
This type has a leather strap which goes over the gun it-
self to insure the security of the weapon. At the same time
it slows down the act of drawing out the weapon, but not
to the degree that it makes much of a difference. Priced at
Figure 43. Spring shoulder holster.
This works basically on the same principle of a tension
screw as did the holster before. This holster is designed to
hang straight down,M
without interfering with arm move-
ment. It will be invisible under a coat. Priced at about
NATURAL, NONLETHAL, AND LETHAL WEAPONS
Figure 44. Closed-end quick-draw holster.
This is probably the fastest type, which offers a metal
plate that keeps the butt of the gun away from the body,
and within quick grasp. A sturdy holster that usually runs
Rifles should be acquired by the same five methods as
those recommended for hand weapons. Most of the safety
principles that apply to pistols M
also apply to rifles, with
the exception that rifles are much more important to the
success of any guerrilla operation, because of their power-
ful nature. Although pistols are extremely handy at close
range and for self-defense, they become almost useless over
longer distances, or when applied to almost any military
operation. Every person, whether in wartime or not, should
keep a pistol and a rifle in his house at all times. If a per-
son is not going to protect himself, and wishes the govern-
ment to do it for hM
im, how can he complain when the gov-
ernment decides to protect itself against him, and executes
him? As perverted as man
s senses are, he must refer back
to the basic laws of nature, and animal survival. This in it-
self should show cause enough for every family to own a
weapon with which it can protect itself. One of the greatest
myths of all time is that so-called civilized man is no longer
an animal, and for that reason can strive to disarm himself
and grow fat with false concepts. He has used some sort of
arped logic and agreed to hand over his security to a
bunch of power-hungry individuals, who will use this se-
curity and the helpless individual to any extent they wish.
A true man, in the real sense of the word, is like a wild
animal, in that his freedom, and the freedom of his family,
is based on one factor: his ability to protect himself and his
family from outside restrictions. It has got to the point in
this country where men believe they are men, just because
of their birthright. If that is true, then, by thM
an animal held captive in a zoo is still a wild free beast. A
male must make himself a man, he must enable himself
to stand up on two legs, unafraid because he has confidence
in his own security and in his own power. There is no place
for emotionally or politically cuckolded people in the so-
ciety I speak of. Survival of the fittest. If we must have vio-
lence, then let it be real violence, let it be for survival, and
not halfway around the world for
Emasculation, if allowed to take plaM
or woman to the state of a domesticated, well-trained ani-
mal: performing tricks, begging for food, and relying total-
ly on an outside force for his right to survive. If a man
t understand weapons and is frightened of them, his
friends should teach him about them. They should not be
condescending, but rather understanding; for the fault is
not his, it is just a lie he has been made to believe.
A revolution, peaceful or violent, or any form of change,
is a gamble, and should be treated M
as such. I have never
heard of a real gambler placing a bet if he didn
the odds were in his favor. How can a man face life without
any odds in his favor? Governments have created popular
lies to break the spirit of real men, to render them help-
less, useless little creatures, to be manipulated like chess
pieces. The government has cleverly perverted the indi-
s concept of human dignity to its own use. Where-
as once true human dignity stemmed from self-sufficiency
and the sanctity of the humM
an spirit, it is now measured in
how much a man makes, what he can afford,
how much credit can he get, where he lives, and who he
knows. If a man is to be a man, a free spirit unto himself,
he must arm himself not only with weapons but with ideals
and concepts he is willing to fight and die for. An animal
will risk its life to preserve the life of its young. Human
beings have been so warped that they will think twice about
this primary reaction.
The rifles described below are good in the same senses
s the pistols were: availability of ammunition and parts,
power, and ability to be transported over long distances.
Lee-Enfield No. 1 and No. 4 .303-caliber bolt-action
rifle: This is one of the best low-priced rifles. It features
safety devices and other advantages that few bolt-action
rifles can match. It is fast, simple, and very reliable. It was
used by the military in both World War I and II. For the
rifle (used) and about 1,000 rounds of ammo you will pay
Figure 45. Browning high-power rifle. ThM
rifle has standard mauser action and comes in 222, 243,
270, 284, 30-06, and 308 calibers. The 30-06 is a powerful
lightweight weapon, has 6-shot clip, and sells for $300.00.
Figure 46. H & R Model 301 ultra bolt-action carbine.
This is a cheaper cousin to the one above. It also has
mauser action, an adjustable trigger, sliding safety, and
comes in .243 Win., .270 Win., 30-06 and .308 Win-
chester. Magazine capacity is about five rounds for all cali-
bers, and price runs about $145.00 new.
any of the mentioned calibers. Priced about
an inexpensive rifle, which comes in 222 Rem., 22-250
Rem., 6 mm. Rem., 243 Win., 308 Win., 44 mag., and
30-30 Winchester. The only real disadvantage is that the
clip capacity for any of the higher-caliber weapons is only
three rounds. The price new is only $90.00.
NATURAL, NONLETHAL, AND LETHAL WEAPONS /
A bolt-action rifle requires less maintenance and makes
a better, sniping weapon than do most other types. About
$100 should buy you a weapon (used) and 1,000 M
of ammo. The bolt-action weapons listed below are military
and can be picked up second-hand with considerable sav-
ings, but, as with purchasing anything second-hand, ex-
treme caution should be taken.
1903 Springfield bolt-action 30-06 or mauser 98 bolt
action: These are extremely accurate with excellent bal-
listics. With 1,000 rounds cost should be no more than
Mossberg Model 800 (nonmilitary) bolt-action rifle:
Comes in three calibers, .308 Win., .243 Win., and .22-250
Rem., each having a five-shM
ot magazine capacity. New, this
rifle costs abdfit $105.50.
Savage 110 E Bolt-Action Rifle (nonmilitary): Stand-
ard 30-06, 243, and 308-caliber rifles, with 5-shot maga-
zines (4 shot clip with one shot in chamber). A good
heavy-duty weapon costs $110.00 new. (Savage have a
good line of medium-priced bolt-action weapons. Send for
Smith & Wesson Bolt- Action Rifles: Smith & Wesson
have five bolt-action models; all models are available in
standard calibers (270, 30-06, 308, and 243). They all
t magazines and run from $200 upward.
Sears 53 B A R: Available in same standard calibers as
above with 5-shot magazine (nonmilitary). New runs about
Although bolt-action rifles require less maintenance than
most others, I have listed here a few types of lever-action
weapons. All of these are pretty sturdy and inexpensive,
and might be used interchangeably with a bolt-action wea-
pon. I still recommend bolt action for over-all general use.
Marlin Lever Action ( Model-3 66-T) Carbine: Straight
West, this is a fast 7-shot repeater. It is only
available in 30/30 Winchester. The price is about $100
Figure 49. Marlin 62 Levermatic Rifle: This is a cheap
but effective lever-action weapon which comes in either
of two calibers: .30 U.S. Carbine or 256 Magnum. It has
a 4-shot clip, open sights, and a positive safety. Priced new
The Savage Model 99 lever-action rifle: Savage offers
a pretty good line of lever-action high-powered rifles. This
model is an inexpensive one featuring all the standard cM
bers, and a 5-shot clip. Priced new at about $50.00.
Winchester also offers a pretty good line of lever-action
rifles, but it seems that they may be hung up with trying to
create replicas of Wild West guns, rather than effective
weapons. The model-94 is an effective, fast-action, 30/30
Win., which holds 6 cartridges and sells for $100.
Semi-automatic and automatic weapons
Listed and pictured below are some effective U.S.-made
military and civilian semi-automatic and automatic wea-
pons. These are important to M
any successful guerrilla move-
ment and should not be overlooked, even though there are
restrictions on them in various locations.
Figure 50. Universal Enforcer automatic carbine.
Universal Enforcer Automatic Carbine (handgun):
Well, this is a strange one, but it looks pretty good. It is a
30 Ml carbine, which can be used with either a 5-, 15-, or
30-shot mag. It weighs around 5 pounds and is priced at
Armalite Ar-180 Carbine: This is a semi-automatic car-
bine. It is gas-operated and is .223 cal. ItM
magazines, and is designed with good safety features. It
sells for about $237.00 including two magazines.
Figure 51. Armalite Ar-180 carbine.
Browning High-Power Automatic Rifle: This is a semi-
automatic, gas-operated rifle, which comes in .270, .308,
.243 Winchester, and 30.06 calibers. It has a detachable
five-shot trap door magazine, and adjustable rear sights. It
sells new for about $175.00.
Figure 52. Browning high-power automatic rifle.
Carbine: This is a semi-automatic re-
oil rifle, that uses 45 ACP cartridges in a 30-shot maga-
zine. Lightweight (9 lbs.) rifle with only four moving parts.
Sells for about $130.
Harrington and Richardson 360 Ultra-automatic: This
is a four-shot, gas-operated semi-automatic rifle available
in 243 and 308 calibers. This rifle is equipped with a slid-
ing trigger guard safety and a recoil pad, and sells for about
Figure 54. Harrington and Richardson 360 ultra-automatic.
J & R 68 Semi-Automatic Carbine: ThiM
carbine fires from a closed bolt. It is 9 mm. parabellum,
which operates from a 30-shot staggered box magazine.
Ultra lightweight (7 lbs.) carbine sells new for $150.00.
Figure 55. J & R 68 semi-automatic carbine.
Remington 742 Woodmaster: Gas-operated rifle, 243
Win., 6 mm. Rem., 280 Rem., 308 Win., and 30-06, with
a 4-shot magazine, fully automatic. Gas operation reduces
recoil in the lightweight weapon (7 Vi lbs.). Sells new for
Figure 56. Remington 7M
NATURAL, NONLETHAL, AND LETHAL WEAPONS
Plainfield Machine Co. Carbine: This is a newly manu-
factured, low-priced, lightweight, automatic rifle, which
gives the appearance of the popular G.I. model. It is a 30
cal. Ml carbine which is a great buy at $105.00 new.
Figure 57. Plainfield Machine Co. carbine.
Universal 1000 Auto-loading Carbine: This is a 30-cali-
ber Ml carbine jvhich is gas-operated and uses a five-shot
magazine. It weighs only five and a half pounds, and sells
for about $117.00 (uM
ses 5-, 15-, 30-shot magazines).
Figure 58. Universal 1000 auto-loading carbine.
Winchester 100 Auto-loading Carbine: This gas-oper-
ated carbine with cam-rotating bolt, is available in 243,
284, and 308 calibers. It features a solid frame, side ejec-
tion, and a crossbolt safety. Sells for about $150.00.
Figure 59. Winchester 100 auto-loading carbine.
Figure 60. Ruger .44 magnum carbine.
Ruger .44 Magnum Carbine: This is an automatic car-
bine with a rotary 5- or 10-shot magazine. It features a
crossbolt safety anM
d a hammer safety. It weighs only five
and three-quarter pounds and breaks down to 24". It sells
Although I stated previously that foreign weapons could
bring on problems, in such areas as ammunition and re-
pairs, I have listed below a few extremely good foreign
semi-automatic and automatic weapons. Most of these
weapons can be bought secondhand, and in most cases I
have listed the average secondhand price.
G-3 Assault rifle: This is a West German weapon, semi-
automatic, with a 20-shot clip. The riflM
rounds of ammo should not cost more than $300.
The Colt AR-15: This is a rapid-fire close-range wea-
pon, holding 20 rounds of 5.56 mm. (223 Rem.). This is a
lightweight, very handy rifle. The rifle and 1,000 rounds
of ammo should not cost more than $275.00. The Colt
AR-15 and the G-3 are a great team together.
BM-59 Assault Rifle: This is a 7.26 NATO weapon,
based on the Ml Garand action. It has a 20-shot maga-
zine. The rifle and 1,000 rounds of ammo should not run
Rifle: This is a standard military weapon,
used in both World Wars and in Korea. It has semi-auto-
matic action and uses 30-06 ammo. Beware of all but ori-
s. The rifle and 1,500 rounds of ammo in clips
should cost around $200.
M-l Carbine: This is also a military weapon, built for
strength and endurance. The rifle, 1,500 rounds of ammo,
plus 12 magazines of 15 rounds, plus 5 clips of 30 shots,
should not run over $150.00.
A M-l Garand rifle and a M-l Carbine make a good
dividuals who live in the country can tell you the
advantages of owning a shotgun. The urban guerrilla, if
working by himself, should not be bothered with a shot-
gun, but get a pistol, which is much the better weapon.
When guerrilla action has progressed to the point where
cells have formed, and sabotage or ambush operations are
being carried out, then the band should acquire several
shotguns. A shotgun is a great weapon in many senses;
when sawed-off it is a small but extremely effective wea-
pon with a great deaM
l of close range power, and it can
easily be transformed into any number of other weapons,
including brush cleaners and grenade launchers.
Converting a shotgun into a
A 12- or 16-gauge shotgun is propped up with a set of
folding legs, so to form a tripod, with the butt of the gun
being the third leg, at about a 45 -degree angle. The angle
can be varied, for aiming, by moving the legs back and
forth. To build a grenade launcher, one must take an open
shell and remove all the shot. Once this is done,M
with a smooth cylindrical stick, which has been cut down
to a close fit. When the shell is loaded into the gun, the
stick should extend out of the muzzle of the gun. To the
extended portion, a flat rubber base should be fixed and a
placed on it. This will send the burning
bottles over a hundred yards with a good deal of accuracy.
This is a good weapon for encirclement.
is a bottle filled with a flammable
liquid such as gasoline, mixed with oil or soap powdM
to thicken it. A fuse, usually a rag soaked in gasoline,
is attached to the cork, lit, and thrown. The bottle breaks
on contact with another hard object, and the gasoline ig-
nites, causing a burst of flame. These were used with a
great degree of success in Hungary, against things as big as
The shotgun is where you can save some money, for as
a general rule shotguns tend to be cheaper than rifles. The
Sears Model 200 is an adequate, well-balanced, medium-
priced weapon, with all the basic safety features M
A 20-gauge usually runs about $85.00 new. Since shotguns
are not military weapons, your local sporting goods dealer
will have good information about them, as long as you
t black, Spanish, or a white freak.
As almost everyone knows, silencers are illegal in vir-
tually all the countries of the world, but then a true revolu-
tionary believes that the government in power is illegal so,
following that logic, I see no reason that he should feel
restricted by laws made by an illegal body. MoreM
than rationalizing illegalities are the precautions necessary
when using illegal weapons. Silencers are very handy for
snipers and night sabotage work, where the success of the
entire mission relies on silence. There are many types of
improvised silencers, which I will go into later in this sec-
tion. A firearm silencer is defined legally as
diminishing the explosive report of a portable weapon.
NATURAL, NONLETHAL, AND LETHAL WEAPONS
The really curious aspect of most legalities M
ner in which they are enforced. If you are arrested for pos-
session of an illegal silencer (felony) you face charges not
by the FBI, but rather by the Tobacco and Alcohol Divi-
sion of the Internal Revenue Service, which is pretty
The principles of firearm silencers differ to some degree
with the type of weapon and the type of silencer used, but
basically the compressed gas principle is the same. The
silencer is constructed with an expansion chamber which
will contain and distribute the compreM
lows the bullet. In most weapons, the gas escaping com-
pression is what creates the explosive report. This contain-
ment and distribution are attained by using a series of baf-
fles, coupled with absorbent material so to break up the
high pressure. The sound of most low-caliber weapons
(.22, .25, .32, etc.) comes directly from this gas under high
pressure. However, in larger weapons with a higher caliber,
the noisy gas is joined by another noise, that being a sonic
boom. Any projectile that movM
es faster than 1,100 feet per
second will experience a sonic boom. There have been de-
vices created which will not only take care of the com-
pressed gas, but will also reduce the speed of the bullet to a
subsonic level, thus getting rid of the boom. This reduc-
tion in speed is made through several different methods.
One which has been proven effective is drilling holes in the
gun barrel, to bleed the weapon of some of its power. An-
other method (which is a great deal safer, as drilling a hole
pletely) is simply to handload the car-
tridges to a lower velocity. The last method for reducing a
projectile to a subsonic level is to force it to pass through
semi-solid material. This should be accomplished with ut-
most care and skill.
The recent popularity of spy movies has given silencers
a great deal of credit which is not due them. Since the Na-
tional Firearms Act of 1934, there has been no civilian ex-
perimentation with silencers, so the type of silencers which
are in illegal use today are basicalM
ly the same ones that
s. This in itself offers some major dis-
advantages, in that these devices are large and clumsy. The
types of silencers used by James Bond and other super-
spies are physical impossibilities, just because of their size.
There are other disadvantages to silencers which make
them impractical for use on certain weapons; for example,
the luger pistol operates on a recoil principle, and by plac-
ing a heavy silencer on the end of the barrel, you will cause
the gun to malfunctiM
on, as the barrel will be too heavy to
recoil. Another example of the impracticalities of certain
silencers is the case of gas-operated weapons, where the
barrel is drilled full of holes, or shortened to release the
compressed gas. What may happen is that the gas will
ease out under little or no pressure and the shot will not be
How to build a silencer for a pistol
If one were to employ a silencer on an automatic wea-
pon, he should be especially careful, since the absorbent
material used is not manufacturedM
to withstand the heat of a
steady blast from an automatic weapon. All of these fac-
tors should be taken into consideration before attempting
to build a device of this nature.
Following are illustrations and descriptions of a few
basic firearm silencers, but I must repeat the necessity for
caution, not only because of possible legal reprisals, but
also because, if you do not know what you are doing, the
chances are extremely great that you will blow your head
In Figure 62 is shown an autoloading military issuM
caliber pistol. The barrel casing has been removed, and
the barrel has been turned down to its minimum thickness.
Four rows of eleven holes have been drilled to permit the
compressed gases to bleed out, so making this a silent, sub-
sonic weapon. To complete the building of this silencer, all
one would have to do is wrap several layers of wire screen-
ing around the barrel and cover with an outer metal casing
which would extend longer than the barrel itself. This sec-
tion in front of the barrel is packed wM
out of the same wire screen, and finally capped with a
screw-on metal washer. This silencer will make a .22 sound
On the next two pages I have illustrated an extremely
simple silencer, which can be used both with automatic
weapons and semi-automatic weapons.
son Submachine Gun with the silencer attached, and
the M-3 Submachine Gun with the silencer attached.
a cross-section view of the Thompson silencer, which also
Figure 62. Silencer for pistol,
Figure 64. Cross-section view of Thompson submachine-
Figure 65. M-3 submachine gun with silencer.
NATURAL, NONLETHAL, AND LETHAL WEAPONS /
you can see that the silencer functions
with a great similarity to the auto-loading .22 silencer in
Figure 62. It is constructed with, two tubes
one and a smaller front one, which join in the middle with
an adapter. The larger rear tube encases the barrel, which
of four holes drilled in it. Surrounding the
barrel are several layers of bronze screening and then the
large metal tube. The smaller connecting front tube houses
250 of the screen-type washers, with a screw-on cap at the
end to keep the washers in place. The washers must have
their holes large enough and in direct line with each other,
so that the bullet can pass through without touching any
of them. As a general rule for the construction of firearm
silencers, one could say that it is unadvisable to bring the
let into contact with the silencer itself. However, certain
supersonic silencers do require this. The type of silencer
works well, since it is used with weapons that employ .45
acp, which is subsonic and doesn
t need to be reduced in
Most states have pretty strict regulations about the pos-
session of machine guns
better check all the angles, before screwing yourself into
How to build a silencer for a
The Viet Cong have adapted this type of submachM
gun silencer for their combat situation and, in doing so,
have made it much more effective and simple to build. The
first and larger tube (160 mm. long and 40 mm. in dia-
meter) is filled with bronze screening the same as pictured
in Figure 63, except they have added oil-soaked cotton,
and then attached it to the gun barrel. This oil-soaked cot-
ton acts as a cooling agent, which is very important to
consider when dealing with automatic weapons in a combat
situation. The second smaller tube (170 mm. long and 3M
mm. in diameter) is stuffed with a roll of bronze screening,
which is much simpler than washers. The silencer is about
70 per cent effective, meaning that it cannot be heard over
a distance of 300 to 400 yards, which is a fantastic ad-
vantage for the guerrilla fighter.
There are many claims for improvised silencers. At
this point I have not had the chance to experiment with,
or try, any of these, but many of them sound as if they
should have some degree of validity.
1. Take a section of metal tubing and fill it M
caps, which have an
cut in the center of each and the
flaps bent back, so as to form a small triangular passage-
2. A rubber nursing bottle nipple with an
top of the nipple, then placed over the end of the barrel,
reportedly reduces the sound of the shot, but this type is
only good for one shot.
3. One effective silencer was made from a row of wash-
ers attached to a welding rod and fitted with an outside
4. It has been said that a balloon strung oM
beater-type wire frame was good for one shot.
A bow and arrow has been proven to be an effective
weapon even today, with all our supertechnology. The
great advantage to the bow and arrow is silence. One can
snipe without being seen or heard. A long or so-called
straight bow is large and bulky. Therefore, I recommend a
crossbow if you are to use any. A crossbow can be pur-
chased through a sporting goods store or through mail
order, even though crossbows are illegal for hunting in
ates. A crossbow is not a toy. It is a deadly wea-
pon and should command the same respect as a firearm.
Always unstring your bow after use. If it is a wooden bow,
keep it in a dry place to prevent warpage. Check all arrows
and bolts before purchasing them for warpage. This can be
This entails looking down from
the feathered end to the tip, watching for any curvature
The crossbow illustrated in Figure 66 is a good one, al-
though there are more powerful ones. It is capM
almost completely through a large telephone book at 25
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Figure 66. Crossbow.
yards. One word of caution about a bow and arrow set,
and that is that you must practice carefully before attempt-
ing to use it as a weapon. Archery is a skill that is learned,
and it is much harder than riflery. Although you don
to worry about recoil with a bow, you do have to worry
about the insides of your wrists. 1 have seen a guy take all
the skin off the inside of his arm with a careless shot.
Fiberglass is better than wood, as it doesn
a bow with over 50 pounds pull, as anything less is for tar-
get practice. The arrows or bolts themselves have many
different points. Stick with a hunting tip.
1 saw the corpse of my daughter Annie incinerated, and
her sexual organs squandered and divided after hM
death by the Police of France.
Antonin Artaud, Artaud Anthology
The most simple chemical agent is either common pep-
per or mustard powder. Both work pretty well at close
range. If they are thrown into the eyes, or inhaled through
the nose, they will cause confusion, temporary blindness,
and an extreme burning sensation in the nasal passages.
The major disadvantage of pepper or mustard powder is
the manner in which they are projected. On the following
pages is a method to produce an effective tear gas, which
l act much more efficiently than either pepper or mus-
Many states have made tear gas illegal to possess, but a
form of pepper gas is still available in small penlike con-
tainers. These usually sell for under five dollars, and
especially in an enclosed area. A direct
spray from one of these devices will totally incapacitate a
person. They are available in most novelty stores, particu-
larly around Times Square in New York.
The development of tear gas was a long step forward
Robert Reynolds (President of Federal Laboratories,
s largest producer of tear gas)
I was just rereading a manual on non-lethal police wea-
pons for controlling mob action, and, just as every time
before, it blew my mind. The police are really uptight about
the recent rise in demonstrations and unrest. They have
spent incredible amounts of money developing all types
of weapons for control. They have a machine which can be
driven into a riot area and in a matter of minutes fill a
ck area, four feet deep, with a nontoxic colored
foam. The foam will prevent movement on the part of the
demonstrators, and the color will identify them later for the
arrests. The police have also developed an even more
frightening weapon. It consists of a truck with a loud-
speaker on the top which can be driven into the riot area.
A high-pitched sound, like a silent dog whistle, is broad-
cast from it. This high-pitched sound cannot be heard, but
it manages to jumble the brain and render the individual
unable to move or think. Although it
s still pretty frightening. The field in which these
police scientists have made the most headway is with
chemicals and gases. They have not stuck to non-toxic
chemicals, but are using gases that permanently maim peo-
ple. The redeeming feature is that these gases are not hard
to make, and are available to everyone, although their pos-
session is illegal in most states.
How to make tear gas in your basement
The method of making tear gas is so simple M
can do it. The two things to remember are care and cau-
tion. You will need a certain amount of equipment but,
just like the chemicals, it is available from any hobby shop,
or home chemical supplier. If you don
mask, go out and get one. They are sold at Army-Navy
stores for under ten dollars. Listed below are the materials
12. Cl amp and clamp
17. Collecting bottle
26. Beaker (300-ml.)
Method for preparing tear gas:
1. Work in a garage, or outside if possible
2. Mix ten parts of glycerine with two parts of sodium
bisulfate, in flask (No. 3), and heat. Do not fill more M
NATURAL, NONLETHAL, AND LETHAL WEAPONS /
one-third of flask, as mixture froths when heated. When the
frothing begins, adjust heat.
3. As soon as you see no more tear gas being generated,
and solids beginning to be formed in the generating flask
(No. 3), or a brown residue in the tube (No. 6), remove
the heat source, with your gas mask on, and pour out the
residue in flask. You must pour this outside. Do not pour
down sink or toilet.
4. Remove collecting jar (No. 17) and stopper it quick-
collected here is tear gas.
5. Do not attempt to make more than three ounces at
6. Make sure all joints are tight.
Method to step up equipment:
1. Metal base ring stands (1 and 11) are placed on
2. Clamp and clamp holder (4 and 7) are placed onto
3. Clamp and clamp holder (12) are placed on ring
4. Generating flask (3) is placed in clamp (4).
5. Two pieces of rubber tubing (10 and 13) are con-
nected to condenser (9).
6. Condenser (9) is placed into clamp (1M
7. Segment of glass tubing (6) is placed in rubber stop-
8. Segments of glass tubing (15 and 18) are put into
rubber stopper (16).
9. Segments of glass tubing (20 and 23) are put into
rubber stopper (21).
10. Rubber stopper (5) is put into the mouth of the
generating flask (3).
11. Rubber stopper (16) is put into mouth of collecting
12. Rubber stopper (21) is put into mouth of air trap
13. Connect glass tubing (6) with condenser (9) and
with rubber tubing (8).
enser (9) with glass tubing (15) and
with rubber tubing (14).
15. Connect glass tubing (18) with glass tubing (20)
and rubber tubing (19).
16. Connect glass tubing (23) with glass tubing (24)
and with rubber tubing (24).
17. Connect rubber tubing (13) to a faucet.
18. Put end of rubber tubing ( 10) into a sink or drain.
19. Fill beaker (26) three-quarters full of water, and
place glass tubing (25) in the water.
20. Put ingredients into generating flask ( 3 ) .
2 1 . Turn on water to rubber tubing (13).
ck on alcohol heater (2) and place under
generating flask (3).
The best method for putting tear gas into operation is
to place it under pressure in a glass vial or bottle. Then
throw the bottle at the target you have in mind. The glass
will break on contact and allow the tear gas to escape.
Other successful methods have been proven, including
compressing in an atomizer, aerosol can, or seltzer bottles
Defense and medical treatment for gases
The problem with gas (offensively) is that it is so easy
efend against, and chances are very good that the peo-
ple you intend to use it against are prepared for it. At this
point in the struggle, any urban or rural guerrilla should
have a gas mask. Everyone should understand the simple
procedures for the treatment of a gas victim. Everyone
should be able to identify the type of gas being used against
him, so as to determine the type of treatment, and the seri-
ousness of the situation. These factors I will go into on
There are five different types ofM
police at this point, and the effective forms of defense vary.
A defense for one may cause more severe effects when
used against another. Such is the case with vaseline. Vase-
line works well against mace, since mace is a liquid, but it
causes gases to adhere to the skin and thus results in more
Police have been using canisters that do not explode on
contact with the ground, but rather when picked up after
the initial impact. This causes the gas to explode directly in
s face. Whereas a rubber gas mask is good
protection against most types of gases, it is ineffective and
Figure 67 . Equipment set up for preparing tear gas.
NATURAL, NONLETHAL, AND LETHAL WEAPONS /
even dangerous if worn when nausea gas has been used.
Wet paper towels and surgical masks can be used to ease
breathing problems but are also ineffective against nausea
gas. So the most important consideration before treating a
gas or chemical victim is to determine the type of gas or
This gas is dispensed in various-sized can-
isters, plastic grenades, and fog machines, and can be
sprayed over an entire area from a helicopter. When you
are hit with this type of gas, you will suffer coughing, run-
ning nose and eyes, burning of the eyes, a reddening of the
exposed area, nausea, and in some cases dizziness. To re-
lieve the burning and running eyes, wash them out with
one part boric acid and three parts water. If boric acid is
not available, use normal tap water. Standard eye drops
fectively. The next step in the treatment of
CS gas is to get the actual gas off your skin. This can be
accomplished by applying mineral oil to the exposed por-
tions of your skin. If mineral oil is unavailable, use water,
but directly after you have applied the water, wipe the en-
tire exposed area, except eyes, with alcohol. This will re-
lieve the sting by substituting a cooling sensation. If the al-
cohol is not applied, the stinging and burning may last up
to two hours, whereas the alcohol will cut the time doM
a matter of minutes. A gas mask, or wet cloth or paper
towel, can effectively be used against this form of gas.
CN gas: This is basically the same as CS gas, but a much
milder form. It comes in the same type of container and has
the same type of effect, but it is not quite as unpleasant.
The treatment is just washing the exposed portions with
water. In most cases, the mineral oil and alcohol will not
Nausea gas: This is an extremely dangerous gas, as it
is colorless and odorless. It does not affM
so chances are great that a person will not even know it has
s too late. It comes in the same type of
containers as the CS and CN gas do. The effect this gas
has is pretty bad. I
ve never been hit with this stuff myself,
but I have spoken to some friends from the army, who
have. They told me that nausea gas is the worst there is. A
person exposed to it vomits instantly on inhalation, but it
is not a normal form of vomiting. It is a result of a muscle
contraction and is refM
erred to as projective vomiting. Pro-
jective vomiting is the ejection of the contents of the stom-
ach over several feet. This can result in the ripping of the
stomach or throat lining. As well as vomiting, the person
experiences instant diarrhea. These are pretty disgusting
symptoms, but on top of these the individual also loses the
normal balance of his mind. He may find it extremely diffi-
cult to perform normal functions, such as walking or run-
ning. If a person has respiratory difficulties, he should be
n to a doctor immediately. There isn
do about nausea gas yourself, except wait for the symp-
toms to go away. If the symptoms do not disappear or be-
come more pronounced, get to a doctor. There is no pro-
tection against this type of gas. Gas masks, if worn, should
be taken off as soon as you realize that it is nausea gas, as
you might choke on your own vomit. The only effective
protection is just running like hell, and getting out of the
area. Because there is no effective form of protection
nst nausea gas, its use is somewhat limited; since not
even the president can order the wind around.
Blister gas: This is even more strange and frightening
than nausea gas but, thank God, it is a great deal rarer. I
have had no experience with this form, but, from what I
can gather, it is pretty foul. It causes blisters on the ex-
posed portions of skin: They may come up in minutes after
the initial exposure or they can take up to several days
to appear. This type of gas does not affect the eyes or
y be difficult to know whether the gas is
being used. The only protection against it is to cover up
all portions of skin. This may include gloves, hats, band-
ages, long pants, etc. (girls should never wear skirts to
demonstrations). The treatment for blisters is applying
mineral oil and keeping the blistered area from the air. Try
to get to a medic or doctor immediately. Anyone blistered
should keep off the streets, as the cops or military will be
able to identify anyone with blisters.
Mace: Mace is a liquid ratheM
r than a gas, and is used
more on a person-to-person basis than in crowd control. It
is made up of 10 percent CS gas, 70 percent a propellant
agent (sodium bicarbonate), and 20 percent kerosene.
The kerosene is the agent ingredient that causes the severe
burning sensations. If you have been hit with mace, you
know exactly what I am talking about. It feels as if you
thrown into a blast furnace, while your eyeballs are ex-
tracted from their sockets and submerged in a concentrated
solution of sulfuric acid. The M
pain that mace causes is in-
tense, and this in turn causes the breakdown of normal
physical and mental functions, such as running. If you
are sprayed in the mouth, it may lead to uncontrolled con-
vulsions. The treatment for a mace victim is as follows:
Wash out his eyes with the same boric acid solution de-
scribed in the section on CS gas, wash all exposed portions
of his body with water, then apply rubbing alcohol to di-
lute the kerosene and relieve the burning. The combination
of ski goggles and a thin M
layer of vaseline covering the face
has proven to work pretty well. The vaseline must be wiped
off immediately after exposure.
The thing to remember is that all these gases and chem-
icals have been developed for use against Americans. The
t using mace in Vietnam, but mace is being
used in Watts and Harlem. Millions of dollars are being
spent every year to find new ways to control the people
who supposedly control the government.
Figures 68 and 69 illustrate different forms of darts.
xtremely effective for the guerrilla fighter,
as they can be fired from an air gun with little or no sound.
Figure 68 is especially interesting, as it shows the complete
construction of a rapid injection dart, with a special com-
drug of your choice.
There is an old saying that
ignorance is no excuse.
Well, at this point one could take it a step further and sa>
ignorance can be fatal. A young person today must have
the technology and the know-how. Never before have self-
education been so important, and they are
virtually inseparable from survival.
NATURAL, NONLETHAL, AND LETHAL WEAPONS /
Figure 68. Darts for rapid injection.
This dart is loaded with a nontoxic uranine dye
bright yellow fluorescent color. It can be loaded with vari-
ous liquids such as special stench liquids or vomit inducers.
The uses of such a projectile are to mark or identify in-
dividuals in a crowd where contact and arrest are imprac-
tical. It has the effect of destroying anonymity.M
HYPODERMIC SYRINGE PROJECTILE
Hypodermic syringes in dart form for animal control.
This projectile can accurately deliver and inject a lcc dose
into unapproachable animals.
Pressurized ampules are available for loading by veterin-
arians. The serum is injected by compressed air behind a
piston after the needle has come to rest in flesh. The dart
accuracy is a considerable factor in its usefulness.
This projectile is provided in similar weight and balance
similar trajectory pat-
tern so that the trainee can get the feel of the gun without
expending expensive rounds. It can be fired indefinitely at
a mat or pad is suggested as a backstop
This dart is designed to carry 2.5 cc. of liquid tear gas
that covers an area of 12 to 15" in diameter. It has a safety
spring clip. The clip is withdrawn on loading, making the til l|Af
projectile ready for firing.
The tear.gas is extremely effective when applied to the
if the hit is not in the direct area of the eyes.
s practical to shoot at ranges from 10 to 50 yards.
Figure 69. Police projectiles
chapter four: Explosives
This chapter is going to kill and maim more people than
all the rest put together, because people just refuse to take
things seriously. The formulas and recipes in here are
real, they can be made by almost anyone, and they can be
performed in the kitchen. I offer a serious note of caution.
The people in the house on 11th Street (kilM
York City early in 1970 in an explosion caused by bombs
they were making) did not know what they were doing.
Not only did they kill themselves, but also some innocent
people. Ignorance thus not only becomes fatal and inex-
cusable, but also criminal. If you are not absolutely sure
of what you are doing, do not do it. The revolution has too
many God-damn martyrs as it is.
Explosives, if used with care and all the necessary pre-
cautions, are one of the greatest tools any liberation move-
nety percent of all sabotage is based on
some sort of demolitions, or booby traps. Most of the lethal
weapons in the previous chapter rely on a small explosive
charge. The actual application of explosives can be a really
thrilling and satisfying experience. I have a friend who
worked with demolitions in the Middle East, and he has
told me on several occasions that an explosion for him was
an experience very similar to a sexual orgasm. This may
seem strange to anyone who has no experience with ex--
many regards it is absolutely true. An
explosion is an amazing phenomenon. Coupled with the
destruction of an object of popular hatred, it can become
more than just a chemical reaction. It can take the shape of
hope for a nation of oppressed people. It is a total sensual
experience. It affects all the senses, and in primitive socie-
ties was considered a God, and worshiped. If you have
read about any guerrilla struggles, or experienced any, you
will realize that an explosion has many effects, especially
controlled by the oppressed group. It will confuse
the enemy, cause destruction and death, impress and fright-
en the enemy with the power and technology of the people.
Maybe I should clarify some points for my own moral
conscience. These recipes are not in this book for use by
a minority. I do not place them here to be used by fringe
political groups. They are included in this book to edu-
cate, since we have already decided that ignorance is inex-
cusable, fatal, and criminal. They are for the people, rich
or, right and left, black, Spanish, white, middle-of-
the-road liberals, young and old. This is the type of training
the forces of fascism, communism, and capitalism get. It is
my belief that all the people should have access to these
skills, to be able to repel these oppressive forces.
Sometimes I wonder which side the so-called
is on, meaning that I cannot understand any man
who wishes to blow up department stores, unless he has an
outstanding bill, but even then that
s carrying capitalismM
bit too far. The real problem comes from the fringe politi-
cal factions, who at this point are so alienatedirom the real
people of America that they think they are living in Russia
in 1917. All of the faction groups cause great strife for the
forces that are. No longer can the arthritic armchair
politicos blame all the unrest on Cuban infiltrators, or
Canadian saboteurs. They are confused, poor bastards.
They really think that the Black Panthers were going to
blow up the Botanical Gardens. If that type of reactM
was observed under the controls of a psychology lab, I am
sure they would have a name for it.
The important thing to remember is that this kind of
reaction is madness, but an extremely clever and dangerous
form. Madness creates its own fatal hubris, and will destroy
itself; but sometimes it does need a push in the right direc-
There is a great misconception in some strata of our so-
ciety that an explosion, wherever it goes off, is better than
no explosion. I have spoken to many individuals who sub-
e to this belief, holding that everyone is guilty of some-
thing and must be punished for it. The corporations which
support the war should be bombed, the liberals who will
not get off their asses should be shot, the politicians who
t care about the people must die, anyone who lives in
the Middle West or South is a redneck and a potential
threat to the revolution, etc. This may be hard to appre-
ciate, but it is nevertheless true. Let us take as an example
an individual who wished to destroy the Roman CatholiM
Church. He would not only be a fool, but a murderer,
if he threw a bomb into a full church on Sunday morning.
A much more intelligent and effective approach to the
problem would be a well-placed rumor, defaming the Pope,
so that the Catholic people themselves destroyed their own
When I use the term revolution, I do not use it in the
same context or with the same meaning of Che Guevara, or
Lenin, or anyone else. I see
istic change, which may or may not incorporate violenceM
It must be a revitalization of the American system to take
us back to the real moral and political principles adopted in
1 776. Maybe I am not a revolutionary, but then it
EXPLOSIVES AND BOOBY TRAPS / 113
terminology, and more intolerance has sprung out of se-
mantic misunderstandings than any other cause.
A freedom fighter, whether working within or outside
the system, must be a pragmatic opportunist, meaning that
he must be able to see his advantages, in any situation, re-
gardless of how bad conditionsM
may seem at first. A free-
dom fighter can never surrender, for if he does he becomes
part of the problem. As for the guerrilla, the violent free-
dom fighter, there is no trial in times of trouble
There are individuals, in our society, who claim that we
cannot exist without oppression and regulation, because we
are children. I agree that we are children, because we have
always had supervision, and have never been allowed the
freedom to see ourselves in a different light. We are all
hildren of the humanistic revolution, and, whether certain
individuals like it or not, American children are growing
Explosives fall into two basic classes. The first is high
explosives, which include dynamite, TNT, nitroglycerine,
and plastique. The second class is low explosives, which
have less of an explosive report and power than the higher
class. The low explosives include smokeless powder, black
powder, and other less powerful chemical reactions. I will
deal with each class separately, starting firM
explosives, and then going on to the lower ones. Following
this, I have included a very important section, that must be
read. This is the safety precautions for and methods of
handling the different forms of explosives. Following the
safety precautions is a section on actual application of
demolitions and booby traps. I would like to make it clear
that no part of this chapter should be used without first
reading and studying the rest of it.
How to make nitroglycerin
Almost all modern explosives are a dM
erivative of a nitric
acid base. Although fuming nitric acid (98 percent solution
in water) is not an explosive in itself, it is explosive when
mixed with many other compounds. This process of mix-
ing a compound with nitric acid chemically is called the
nitrating principle. The best-known nitrating agent is gly-
cerin, but many others can be and are used. Mercury,
sugar, cork, wheat germ, sawdust, starch, lard, and indigo
are all common nitrating agents and are used in modern
industry. For example when sawdust is M
comes nitrocellulose, and is used in smokeless powder.
Mercury fulminate ( nitrated mercury ) is a very powerful
and effective detonator.
The next recipe is for nitroglycerin. Nitroglycerin is a
high explosive, with an incredibly unstable nature. It can
explode for the most minute reasons, such as a change of
one or two degrees in temperature, or a minor shock. Be-
cause of nitroglycerin
s unstable nature, I would suggest
that only people with an extensive background training in
d explosives try this procedure.
Nitroglycerin C 3 H 3 (NO a )
1. Fill a 75-milliliter beaker, to the 13 -ml. level, with
fuming red nitric acid, of 98 percent concentration.
2. Place beaker in an ice bath and allow to cool below
3. After it is cooled, add to it three times the amount of
fuming sulfuric acid (99 percent ITSO 4 ). In other words,
add to the now-cool fuming nitric acid 39 milliliters of
fuming sulfuric acid. When mixing any acids, always do it
slowly and carefully to avoid splatteriM
4. When the two are mixed, lower their temperature, by
adding more ice to the bath, to about 10 or 15 degrees
Centigrade. This can be measured by using a mercury-op-
erated Centigrade thermometer.
5. When the acid solution has cooled to the desired tem-
perature, it is ready for the glycerin. The glycerin must be
added in small amounts using a medicine dropper. Gly-
cerin is added, slowly and carefully, until the entire surface
of the acid is covered with it.
6 . This is a dangerous point, since the nitration wM
place as soon as the glycerin is added. The nitration will
produce heat, so the solution must be kept below 30 de-
grees C. If the solution should go above 30 degrees, the
beaker should be taken out of the ice bath and the solution
should be carefully poured directly into the ice bath, since
this will prevent an explosion.
7. For about the first ten minutes of the nitration, the
mixture should be gently stirred. In a normal reaction, the
nitroglycerin will form as a layer on top of the acid solu-
le the sulfuric acid will absorb the excess water.
8 . After the nitration has taken place and the nitrogly-
cerin has formed at the top of the solution, the entire beak-
er should be transferred very slowly and carefully to an-
other beaker of water. When this is done, the nitroglycerin
will settle to the bottom, so that most of the acid solution
can be drained away.
V After removing as much acid as possible without dis-
turbing the nitroglycerin, remove the nitroglycerin with an
eyedropper and place it in a biM
carbonate of soda (sodium
bicarbonate) solution. The sodium bicarbonate is an alkali
and will neutralize much of the acid remaining. This pro-
cess should be repeated as many times as necessary using
blue litmus paper to check for the presence of acid. The
remaining acid only makes the nitroglycerin more unstable
than it normally is.
10. The final step is to remove the nitroglycerin from the
bicarbonate. This is done with an eye dropper, slowly and
carefully. The usual test to see if nitration has been suc-
is to place one drop of the nitroglycerin on a metal
plate and ignite it. If it is true nitroglycerin, it will burn
with a clear blue flame. Caution: Nitroglycerin is extremely
sensitive to decomposition, heating, dropping, or jarring,
and may explode even if left undisturbed and cool. Know
what you are doing before you do it.
How to make mercury fulminate
When employing the use of any high explosive, an indi-
vidual must also use some kind of detonating device. Blast-
ing caps are probably the most popular today,M
are very functional and relatively stable. The prime in-
gredient in most blasting caps and detonating devices in
general is mercury fulminate. There are several methods
for preparing mercury fulminate.
Method No. 1 for the preparation of mercury fulminate:
1. Take 5 grams of pure mercury and mix it with 35 ml.
2. The mixture is slowly and gently heated. As soon as
the solution bubbles and turns green, one knows that the
silver mercury is dissolved.
3. After it is dissolved, the solutionM
slowly, into a small flask of ethyl alcohol. This will result
4. After a half hour or so, the red fumes will turn white,
indicating that ihe process is nearing its final stage.
5. After a few minutes, add distilled water to the solu-
6. The entire solution is now filtered, in order to obtain
the small white crystals. These crystals are pure mercury
fulminate, but should be washed many times, and tested
with litmus paper for any remaining undesirable acid.
Method No. 2 for the M
preparation of mercury fulminate:
1. Mix one part mercuric oxide with ten parts ammonia
solution. When ratios are described, they are always done
according to weight rather than volume.
2. After waiting eight to ten days, one will see that the
mercuric oxide has reacted with the ammonia solution to
produce the white fulminate crystals.
3. These crystals must be handled in the same way as
the first method described, in that they must be washed
many times and given several litmus paper tests.
Many other fulminates caM
n be made in the same manner
as above, but I will not go into these, since most are ex-
tremely unstable and sensitive to shock. All fulminates, in-
cluding mercury fulminate, are sensitive to shock and fric-
tion, and in no circumstances should they be handled in a
rough or careless manner.
How to make blasting gelatin
One of the nearly perfect explosive compounds, in tin-
sense of chemical combustion rather than stability, is bla-a-
ing gelatin. This was discovered by Nobel, and is a very
primitive form of plastiM
que, as we know it today. It is mad.
by mixing a small amount of nitrocellulose (nitrated saw-
dust) with a larger amount of nitroglycerin. This creates a
stiff, plastic substance which has power as an explosive
greater than either of its ingredients. A person attempting
to make this should use 92 percent nitroglycerin and 8 per-
cent nitrocellulose, and pray. If you don't want to mes-
with making nitrocellulose and have access to guncotton, i :
can be substituted. Any recipe listed in this chapter which
stable or sensitive explosive compounds, such a>
nitroglycerin, should be left alone by all those who do
not have access to a laboratory or previous training. This
book is noi enough training to mess with these compounds.
Formulas for the straight dynamite series
Probably one of the single greatest breakthroughs in ex-
plosives came by accident, when Nobel discovered a prim-
itive form of dynamite. One of the primary ingredients of
dynamite is nitroglycerin, which has great explosive power,
EXPLOSIVES AND BOOBY TRAM
although it has the disadvantage of being ultrasensitive to
heat and shock. What dynamite does, is to combine the
high explosive power of nitroglycerin with a stabilizing
agent, to render it powerful but safely usable. Nobel de-
veloped what is called today the straight dynamite series,
which is nothing more than nitroglycerin and a stabilizing
agent. The most common straight dynamite formulas fol-
low (nitroglycerin will be referred to as NG) :
potassium perchloride 27
The figures given in the right column are percentage
parts, adding up to a sum of 100 percent. Percentage parts
are always based on a weight ratio rather than volume.
When preparing any high-explosive formula, be sure you
know what you are doing. Have the correct equipment, and
the correct chemicals. Many of these chemicals are sold
under brand names, which are more M
chemical names, but, before assuming anything, read the
ingredients, and take nothing for granted.
These formulas listed above are for straight dynamite.
Straight dynamite is a very primitive form of what we know
today as dynamite. Later ammonium nitrate was added to
the dynamite. This substance produced a greater explosive
action, but less velocity. The intensification of the explosive
action results because ammonium nitrate furnishes more
oxygen for the dynamite. Ammonium nitrate has not only
been used in dynamite, but also in many other different ex-
plosive compounds, including NG., picric acid, and coal
dust. Ammonium nitrate when mixed with these substances
creates the cheapest form of high explosive known to man.
How to make chloride of azode
A good example of how ammonium nitrate can be chem-
ically mixed with other substances, and impart its explosive
qualities to these otherwise nonexplosive materials, is in
the preparation of chloride of azode.
1 . A quantity of chlorine gas is collected in a sM
beaker, and placed upside down on another glass beaker
containing a water solution of ammonium nitrate.
2. NoW the solution of ammonium nitrate is heated gent-
ly. While it is being heated, the surface of the solution will
become oily, and finally small droplets will form and sink
to the bottom of the beaker.
3. After this process is finished, remove the heat and
drain off excess ammonium nitrate solution. The droplets
that remain at the bottom of the beaker are chloride of
azode of nitrochloride. NitrocM
hloride explodes violently
when brought into contact with an open flame, or when
exposed to temperatures above 212 degrees F.
There are hundreds and hundreds of formulas for the
use of ammonium nitrate, in different explosive com-
pounds. The ones on the following pages are only the ma-
jor, or well-known, ones. For further information, a chem-
istry manual or handbook of explosives can be useful.
Formulas for am m onium nitrate
1 ) ammonium nitrate
10) ammonium nitrate
11) ammonium nitrate
12) ammonium nitrate
potassium bichromate
13) ammonium nitrate
14) ammonium nitrate
15) ammonium nitrate
16) ammonium nitrate
potassium perchloride
18) ammonium nitrate
19) ammonium nitrate
20) ammonium nitrate
2 1 ) ammonium nitrate
22) ammonium nitrate
23) ammonium nitrate 80.75
24) ammonium nitrate
25) ammonium nitrate
26) ammonium nitrate
aniline hydrochloride
27) ammonium nitrate
28) ammonium nitrate
29) ammonium nitrate
30) ammonium nitrate
copper oxalate aniline 24
31) ammonium nitrate
32) ammonium nitrate
33) ammonium nitrate
34) ammonium nitrate
aniline hydrochloride
35) ammonium nitrate
36) ammonium nitrate
37) ammonium nitrate
38) ammonium nitrate
ammonium nitrocreasol
39) ammonium nitrate.
40) ammonium nitrate
potassium bichromate
41 ) ammonium nitrate
42) ammonium nitrateM
43) ammonium nitrate
44) ammonium nitrate
45) ammonium nitrate
46) ammonium nitrate
47) ammonium nitrate
48) ammonium nitrate
49) ammonium nitrate
50) ammonium nitrate
51) ammonium nitrate
52) amrrfonium nitrate
53) ammonium nitrate
54) ammonium nitrate
mononitronaphthalene
55)~ammonium nitrate
56) ammonium nitrate
57) ammonium nitrate
58) ammonium nitrate
59) ammonium nitrate
60) ammonium nitrate
EXPLOSIVES AND BOOBY TRAPS /
61 ) ammonium nitrate 38
potassium nitrate 35.5
ammonium oxalate 10.5
The formulas listed above are for high explosives. They
ire not for cherry bombs or Roman candles. The ingredi-
ents that make up these formulas have several functions:
The first is the explosive agent itselM
f, the second is the
stabilizing agent, and the third is a texturizer (paraffin).
Below are listed the most important and common ingredi-
ents that are used to form an explosive compound, and a
description of their purpose and function.
An extremely unstable, white ex-
plosive, usually in crystalline
...A silver metallic powder, when in
pyro grade, it is a major ingredi-
ent in many ammonal explosive
Ammonium oxalate ...
...A very valuable stabilizing agent,
Nitrated barium, in white crystal-
...A fine black powder, which is ex-
tremely absorbent, and used ex-
tensively in pyrotechnics.
...Nitrated cellulose (sawdust) is
fairly stable, but usually used with
other ingredients rather than
alone. It is about 13-14 percent
...This is a sensitizing agent that is
normally in a white crystalline
...This is a primary ingredient in
plastique, and acts as a texturizer.
An explosive compound in itself,
which is stable. It is usually in a
white crystalline form.
Potassium perchloride
...A white powder used as an ignit-
ing agent in high explosives. It is
an extremely common ingredient
...A gummy substance, which is
flammable, and used in high ex-
plosives as an igniting agent.
Sodium carbonate This white crystalline powder acts
to neutralize acid, which may
make the explosive more unstable
than it normally is.
Sodium chloride This is nothing more tM
ary table salt, and is used as a
cooling agent in many high ex-
Sodium nitrate A stable explosive compound
which has the advantage of being
Sodium sulfate A stabilizing powder, which is
Starch This can be either potato or corn
starch, and acts as an absorbent
in many explosive compounds.
Sulfur A yellow crystalline powder,
which should be used in flour
Vaseline A clear petroleum jelly used in a
similar manner as paraffin, as a
plasticizer, for many fM
ploding gelatins and plastic ex-
Formulas for gelatin dynamites
The following few pages have some of the most import-
ant formulas for gelatin and semi-gelatin dynamites. As
with most of the explosive substances in this chapter, there
are hundreds of different recipes. Each chemist claims he
got the most powerful and safest recipe. What I have at-
tempted to do is collect the most common industrial and
military formulas, since these function in the correct con-
text that this book is writtM
sulfate (Epsom salts)
Probably the most important explosive compound in use
today is TNT (trinitrotoluene). This and other very similar
types of high explosives are all used by the military, be-
use of their fantastic power
about 2.25 million pounds
per square inch, and their great stability. TNT also has
the great advantage of being able to be melted at 82 de-
grees F., so that it can be poured into shells, mortars, or
any other projectiles. Military TNT comes in containers
which resemble dry cell batteries, and are usually ignited
by an electrical charge, coupled with an electrical blasting
cap, although there are other methods.
1. Take two beakers. In the first, prepare a solutionM
76 percent sulfuric acid, 23 percent nitric acid, and 1 per-
cent water. In the other beaker, prepare another solution
of 57 percent nitric acid and 43 percent sulfuric acid (per-
centages are on a weight ratio rather than volume).
2. Ten grams of the first solution are poured into an
empty beaker and placed in an ice bath.
3. Add ten grams of toluene, and stir for several min-
4. Remove this beaker from the ice bath and gently heat
until it reaches 50 degrees C. The solution is stirred con-
5. Fifty additional grams of the acid, from the first beaker,
are added and the temperature is allowed to rise to 55 de-
grees C. This temperature is held for the next ten min-
utes, and an oily liquid will begin to form on the top of the
6. After 10 or 12 minutes, the acid solution is returned
to the ice bath, and cooled to 45 degrees C. When reach-
ing this temperature, the oily liquid will sink and collect
at the bottom of the beaker. At this point, the remaining
acid solution should be drawM
n off, by using a syringe.
7. Fifty more grams of the first acid solution are added
to the oily liquid while the temperature is slowly being
raised to 83 degrees C. After this temperature is reached,
it is maintained for a' full half hour,
8. At the end of this period, the solution is allowed to
cool to 60 degrees C., and is held at this temperature for
another full half hour. After this, the acid is again drawn
off, leaving once more only the oily liquid at the bottom.
9. Thirty grams of sulfuric acid are added, wM
liquid is gently heated to 80 degrees C. All temperature in-
creases must be accomplished slowly and gently.
10. Once the desired temperature is reached, 30 grams
of the second acid solution are added, and the temperature
is raised from 80 degrees C. to 104 degrees C., and is held
1 1 . After this three-hour period, the mixture is lowered
to 1 00 degrees C. and is held there for a half hour.
12. After this half hour, the oil is removed from the acid
and washed with boiling water.
After the washing with boiling water, while being
stirred constantly, the TNT will begin to solidify.
14. When the solidification has started, cold water is
added to the beaker, so that the TNT will form into pellets.
Once this is done, you have a good quality TNT.
Note: The temperatures used in the preparation of TNT
are exact, and must be used as such. Do not estimate or use
approximations. Buy a good centigrade thermometer.
The next two recipes are for the preparation of tetryl and
, both of which are commonly used in com-
pounds containing TNT.
Method for the preparation of tetryl:
1 . A small amount of dimethyllaniline is dissolved in an
excess amount of concentrated sulfuric acid.
EXPLOSIVES AND BOOBY TRAPS /
2. This mixture is now added to an equal amount of
nitric acid. The new mixture is kept in an ice bath, and is
3. After about five minutes, the tetryl is filtered and then
washed in cold water.
4. It is now boiled in fresh water, which contains a small
um bicarbonate. This process acts to neu-
tralize any remaining acid. The washings are repeated as
many times as necessary according to the litmus-paper
tests. When you are satisfied that the tetryl is free of acid,
filter it from the water and allow it to dry. When tetryl is
detonated, it reacts in very much the same way as TNT.
How to make picric acid
Method for the preparation of picric acid:
1 . Phenol is melted and then mixed with a concentrated
solution of sulfuric acid. The mixture is constantly stirred
kept at a steady temperature of 95 degrees C., for
four to six hours, depending on the quantities of phenol
2. After this, the acid-phenol solution is diluted with dis-
tilled water, and an equal excess amount of nitric acid
is added. The mixture of the nitric acid will cause an im-
mediate reaction, which will produce heat, so the addition
of the acid must be performed slowly, but more importantly
the temperature of the solution must not go above 110 de-
3. Ten or so minutes after the addition of thM
the picric acid will be fully formed, and you can draw
off the excess acid. It should be filtered and washed in the
same manner as above, until the litmus paper tests show
that there is little or no acid present. When washing, use
only cold water. After this, the picric acid should be al-
lowed to partially dry.
Picric acid is a more powerful explosive than TNT, but
it has disadvantages. It is much more expensive to make,
and is best handled in a wet 10 per cent distilled water
form, as picric acid bM
ecomes very unstable when com-
pletely dry. This compound should never be put into direct
contact with any metal, since instantly on contact there is
a formation of metal picrate, which explodes spontaneously
How to make low explosives
Up to this point, I have referred only to high explosives,
but there are many formulas and recipes for low explosives,
which, although they do not have the power or impact of
the high explosives, are generally speaking safer to use
and handle. It may seem at first thaM
pound that has less power is a disadvantage, but this is not
true. If a high-explosive charge were used to set off a
bullet in a gun, the gun would probably explode in the
s face. Therefore, low explosives have a definite pur-
pose and use, and are not interchangeable with high ex-
plosives. Although I stated above that, generally speaking,
low explosives are more stable than high explosives, there
are some low-explosive compounds that are as dangerous
as high-explosive compounds, if not M
chart of the most common low-explosive combinations and
their stabilities and merit.
Potassium and sodium nitrate gunpowders: These are
without a doubt one of the safest low explosives to handle.
They are especially good when packed into a tight contain-
er, and exploded under pressure.
Smokeless powder: This type of low explosive is^much
like the one mentioned above, in the sense that it is ex-
tremely stable, but it is much more powerful. It also needs
the element of pressure in the actual demM
Potassium chlorates with sulfates: Any mixture of potas-
sium or sodium chlorates should be avoided at all costs,
since most combinations will explode immediately, on
formation, and those that don
t are extremely unstable and
likely to explode at any time.
Ammonium nitrate with chlorates: This is similar to the
compounds discussed above. These are extremely hazard-
ous compounds, with very unstable ingredients.
Potassium chlorate and red phosphorus: This combina-
tion is probably the most unstable aM
nd highly sensitive of
all the low explosives. It will explode immediately and vio-
lently upon formation, even in the open when not under
Aluminum or magnesium with potassium chlorate or
sodium peroxide: Any of these combinations, although not
quite as unstable as the one discussed above, is still too sen-
sitive to experiment or play around with.
Barium chlorate with shellac gums: Any mixture em-
ploying either barium or barium nitrate and carbon, or
barium chlorate and any other substance, must be giveM
great care. Barium nitrate and strontium nitrate mixed to-
gether form a very sensitive explosive, but the danger is
greatly increased with the addition of charcoal, or carbon.
Barium and strontium nitrate with aluminum and potas-
sium perchlorate: This combination is relatively safe, as is
the combination of barium nitrate and sulfur, potassium ni-
trate, and most other powdered metals.
Guanidine nitrate and a combustible: This combination
of guanidine nitrate and a combustible (i.e. powdered anti-
of the safest of all the low explosives.
Potassium bichromate and potassium permanganate:
This is a very sensitive and unstable compound, and should
be avoided, as it is really too hazardous to work with or
The low-explosive reaction is based on the principle of
a combustible material combined with an oxidizing agent,
in Other words combining a material that burns easily with
another material which in the chemical reaction will sup-
ply the necessary oxygen for the combustible
w are the most common low-explosive
combinations of oxidizing agents aryl combustibles. The
first ingredient listed is the oxidizer, and the second is the
1. Nitric acid and resin.
2. Bariijm nitrate and magnesium.
3. Ammonium nitrate and powdered aluminum.
4. Barium peroxide and zinc dust.
5. Ammonium perchlorate and asphaltum.
6. Sodium chlorate and shellac gum.
7. Potassium nitrate and charcoal.
8. Sodium peroxide and flowers of sulfur.
9. Magnesium perchlorate and woodmeal.
10. Potassium perchloratM
1 1 . Sodium nitrate and sulfur flour.
12. Potassium bichromate and antimony sulfide.
13. Guanidine nitrate and powdered antimony.
14. Potassium chlorate and red phosphorus.
15. Potassium permanganate and powdered sugar.
16. Barium chlorate and paraffin wax.
The combinations that are most unstable and sensitive
are Nos. 3, 5, 7, 13, 14, 15, 16. These should be avoided.
Formulas for black powder
Gunpowder is the great-granddaddy of all the rest of
the high- and low-power explosives, and still to thM
is one of the most important explosives. As with all the
rest of the explosive formulas, it seems everyone has his
own recipe, which he claims to be the best. 1 have collected
11 of the safer, more functional, methods of preparing
gunpowder. The most important thing to remember when
dealing with black powder is its incredible sensitivity to
sparks. Note: A cook, a book does not make.
2) potassium chlorate
3) potassium nitratM
4) potassium nitrate
5) potassium nitrate
6) potassium nitrate
7) potassium nitrate
8) potassium nitrate
10) guanidine nitrate
1 1 j sodium peroxide
When preparing black powder for use in firearms, it is
important to keep in mind that these formulas are more
powerful than ordinary potassium nitrate gunpowder, and
for that reason smaller quantities should be used. The cor-
rect amount can only be discovered by trial-and-error ex-
perimentation, but caution must be taken to prevent over-
Although black powder is one of the safest explosives,
it has disadvantages: It is extremely sensitive to sparks;
and it leaves a messy residue in gun barrels, whichM
sitates frequent cleaning. The advantage of smokeless
powder is that it is an extremely stable high-powered ex-
plosive in the low-explosive class, which gives off only gas-
eous products upon explosion. The first type of smokeless
powder used by the army was basically nitrocellulose with
a small amount of diphenyl amine, for stabilizer. Smoke-
less powder is perhaps the safest of any explosive com-
pound discussed in this chapter, and for that reason is ex-
tremely popular today.
EXPLOSIVES AND BOOBY TRAPSM
How to make smokeless powder
1 . Boil cotton for 30 minutes, in a 2 percent solution of
2. Wash the cotton in hot water and allow it to dry.
3. Mix slowly and carefully at 25 degrees Centigrade,
250 cc. of concentrated sulfuric acid, 150 cc. of con-
centrated nitric acid, and 20 cc. of water. They must be
kept at 25 degrees C.
4. Next place the dried cotton in the acid solution, and
stir well with either a glass or porcelain rod (do not use
metal). This should be done for 35 minutes.
er nitration, the acids are washed away, and the
cotton is washed in boiling water five times, each time for
25 minutes. The cotton is given several tests with litmus
paper. If the litmus test proves that there is still some acid
present, a 2 percent solution of sodium bicarbonate should
neutralize whatever is left. This is important, since any re-
maining acid acts as an impurity to make the explosive
How to make nitrogen tri-iodide
Probably the most hazardous explosive compound of all
ri-iodide. Strangely enough, it is very popular
with high school chemists, who do not have the vaguest
idea of what they are doing. The reason for its popularity
may be the ready availability of the ingredients, but it is
so sensitive to friction that a fly landing on it, has been
known to detonate it. The recipe has only been included as
a warning and as a curiosity. It should not be used.
Preparation for making nitrogen tri-iodide:
1 . Add a small amount of solid iodine crystals to about 20
cc. of concentrated amM
monium hydroxide. This operation
must be performed very slowly, until a brownish-red preci-
2. Now it is filtered through filter paper, and then
washed first with alcohol and secondly with ether.
Tri-iodide must remain wet, since when it dries it be-
comes supersensitive to friction, and a slight touch can set
it off. This is an extremely unstable compound and should
not be experimented with.
Formulas for different-colored
An interesting aspect of explosives is the extra ingredi-
s which can be added to give the explosion character-
istics it would not normally have. A smoke bomb is like
this, in the sense that it is not only useful to create con-
fusion and chaos, but also for smoking persons out of an
enclosed area, as well as signaling.
Formulas for the preparation of a black smoke screen:
1 ) magnesium powder
Formulas for the preparation
of a white smoke screen:
1) potassium chlorate
Formulas for the preparation
of a yellow smoke screen:
1 ) potassium chlorate
2) potassium chlorate
naphthalene azodimethyl
3 ) potassium chlorate
Formula for the preparation of a green smoke screen:
1 ) potassium nitrate 20
Formulas for the preparation of a red smoke screen:
1 ) potassium chlorate
2) potassium chlorate
diethylaminorosindone
3) potassium chlorate
Household substitutes
On the next few pages 1 have included a chart of the
names and their more common household
names. This chart is not entirely correct, although it may
seem so. The household substitutes must be checked before
using to be absolutely certain they are what you want. Be
sure that the chemical you want is alone, since if it is in-
cluded in the household substitute, but not isM
extra ingredients may counteract the desired results.
HOUSEHOLD SUBSTITUTE
aluminum potassium sulfate
calcium hypochloride
carbon tetrachloride
black lead (pencil lead)
potassium bitartrate
potassium chromium sulfate
The next few pages are the most important in this chap-
ter. More people, young and old, political and apolitical,
have executed themselves with some form of explosives
than I would care to state here. The safety procedures for
all explosives are nothing more than common sense and
reasoning. Yes, smokeless powder is stable, but if you put
it in the oven, it will explode. That may sound stupid, but
4-year-old in Ohio did it two years ago and killed him-
self. Plastique is a very stable explosive compound, but it
needs to be softened before use. Some guy in New Jersey
softened his plastique with a hammer, and he is no more.
TNT can be burned and it will not explode
whereas gunpowder will ignite with the smallest
spark. Moral: Read the next few pages and study them, do
not assume anything.
Safety precautions for the storing of explosives:
1 . The most important factor in picking a storaM
is its location. You will want the place close enough to be
under your surveillance, but not close enough to be a haz-
ard to you or your family. All explosive magazines or
dumps must have secure locks on all the doors.
2. Do not store blasting caps, electrical caps, or primers
in the same container or even the same magazine with any
other form of high or low explosives.
3. Do not store fuses or fuse lighters in a wet or damp
place, or near the storage of flammables such as oil, gaso-
line, cleaning solvenM
ts, or paints. Fuses should also be kept
away from radiators, steam pipes, stoves, or any other
source of heat, because the very nature of nonelectrical
fuses is such that any one of these things could start a
4. Metals should be kept absolutely away from explo-
sives, meaning that metal tools should not be stored in the
same magazine with explosives.
5. In no circumstances, allow any open flame or other
fire, including a lighted cigarette, around an explosive stor-
6. Spontaneous combustion iM
s a real problem when stor-
ing explosives. For this reason, do not allow leaves, grasses,
brush, or any debris to collect or accumulate around the
explosives storage area.
7. Do not discharge weapons near an explosive maga-
zine. Do not shoot into the storage dump. Keep the shoot-
ing away from the explosives.
8. Certain types of explosives require certain types of
storage, including temperature regulation and other con-
trols. Be sure that you understand all aspects of the com-
s nature before handling orM
9. At all times use common sense, and allow only quali-
fied persons to be near or handle explosives.
EXPLOSIVES AND BOOBY TRAPS /
Safely precautions for handling explosives:
1 . When transporting explosives, know what the federal
and state laws and regulations are. Many of these regulations
are just common-sense protection for yourself.
2. Make sure that any vehicle used to transport explosives
is in proper working order and equipped with a tight wood-
en or nonsparking metal floor, with sides andM
enough to prevent the explosives from falling off. The load in
an open-bodied truck should be covered with a waterproof
and fire-resistant tarpaulin. Wiring should be fully insulated
so as to prevent short circuiting, and at least two fire exting-
uishers should be carried. The truck should be plainly
marked, if possible.
3. In no circumstances allow metals of any sort, except
the nonsparking type, to come into contact with the ex-
plosive casing. Metal, flammable, or corrosive substances
ransported with explosives.
4. Never in any circumstances allow smoking around any
explosive, regardless of its stability.
5. Do not allow unauthorized persons to go near the ex-
plosives. This is for two reasons; first, because they might
not know what they are doing and accidentally set off an
explosion, and secondly, because they might be undercover
agents from the enemy.
6. When loading or unloading explosives, do it with the
utmost care. Whenever dealing with explosives, in any capa-
city, do not rush. Take yoM
ur time and exercise extreme
7. If you must transport both high explosives and blast-
ing caps in the same vehicle, be sure that they are com-
pletely separate from one another.
Safety precautions when using explosives:
1. When opening a case of explosives, in no circum-
stances use a metal crowbar or wedge. Use a wooden
wedge or nonmetallic tool.
2. Do not smoke or allow anyone to smoke. Do not carry
an open flame, or any other form of heat source or fire
near an area where explosives are being used.
o not place explosives where they may be exposed
to a flame, excessive heat, sparks, or shock.
4. Replace the cover or close the top of the explosives
container after use.
5. Do not carry explosives in your pocket or on your
person at any time. Even when on a mission of sabotage,
it is better to carry explosives in a separate container.
6. When making up primers or crimping blasting caps,
do not do it near any other explosives, high or low.
7. Blasting caps, although they may look like firecrack-
l explosive charge and must be treated
8. Never insert anything but a fuse into a blasting cap.
Since blasting caps, to be functional, must be sensitive, a
great degree of care must be used in handling them.
9. Never experiment with, disassemble, strike, tamper
with, or in any way try to remove the contents of a blast-
ing cap. Do not try to pull the wires out of an electrical
10. When handling explosives, the only persons who
should be present are those who are absolutely necessary.
unnecessary and unauthorized persons should be
cleared from the area. This, of course, includes animals
1 1 . Do not handle explosives, or stay in an area where
explosives are being stored, when an electrical storm is ap-
proaching. Clear the area and retire to safety.
12. Inspect all equipment before use, and never use any
equipment that appears damaged or deteriorated.
13. Never attempt to reclaim any explosive or blasting
material that has been water-soaked.
Safety precautions to be taken when drilM
1. Check what you are about to drill into, to be sure
there is not a charge already there. Never drill into an ex-
2. Never stack surplus explosives near the drilling area.
3. Since the act of drilling is based on the principles of
friction, heat will be created. Never load a bore hole with-
out first checking the temperature. Also check to see if
any pieces of burning material are present. Temperatures
above 150 degrees F. are extremely dangerous.
Figure 71. Opening explosives.
n practice in demolitions is what is called
springing a bore hole. This is when a small explosive
is used to enlarge a bore hole, so that a much larger explosive
charge can be placed in it. This should require extreme
caution. Check to see if there are any other charges nearby.
5. Never force explosives into a bore hole. Recheck your
hole and dear the obstruction before attempting to reload.
6. Never force a blasting cap or electrical blasting cap
into a stick of dynamite. Use the hole made by the punch.
not tamper in any manner with the primer.
8. Figure out what quantity of explosives you will need,
according to the formulas given later in the chapter, and
then put in that amount. Do not use more than necessary.
Safety precautions to be taken when tamping:
(Tamping is the process of placing materials, such as
sandbags, around the explosives so as to send the force of
the explosion in one certain direction.)
1. Tamping is a gentle process and should never be
performed violently.
2. When using tamping tools, be surM
made of wood or some other nonmetal sparkfree material.
3. When tamping a bore hole that has recently been
drilled, use clay, sand, dirt, or some other noncombustible
4. Take extreme care not to damage or injure the fuse
or electrical blasting cap wire when tamping.
5. One should always tamp if possible, since it cuts down
the amount of explosives necessary.
Safety precautions to be taken when detonating electric-
1. Do not uncoil the wires of an electrical blasting cap,
heir use, during a thunderstorm, dust storm, or
when any other source of static electricity is present.
2. Be very careful about the use of electrical blasting
material near a radio frequency transmitter. Consult Radio
Frequency Hazards, a pamphlet issued by the Institute of
Makers of Explosives.
3. Keep your firing circuit completely insulated from all
conductors except the one circuit you intend to use. This
means extreme care in insulation against the ground, bare
wires, rails, pipes, or any paths of stray curreM
4. Keep all cables, wires, or other electrical equipment
away from electrical blasting caps, except at the time of the
blast, and for the purpose of that blast.
5. Be very careful in the use of more than one blasting
cap. Never use more than one type of blasting cap in a
6. Use the correct current stated by the manufacturer to
set off electrical blasting caps. Never use any less.
7. Be sure that all the ends of the wires which are to be
connected are bright and clean.
8. Keep the electrical caM
p wires or lead wires short-cir-
cuited until ready to fire.
Safety precautions to be taken when using a fuse :
1 . Handle the fuse carefully. Avoid damaging the cover-
ing. In cold weather, warm the fuse slightly before using.
Avoid cracking the waterproof outer coating.
2. Never use a short fuse. Always use a fuse which is
over two feet in length. Be absolutely sure you know the
burning speed of the fuse, and have calculated the amount
of time you will need to get to safety.
3. When placing the fuse in the blastiM
inch or so to insure dryness. Cut straight across the fuse
with a clean new razor blade. Once the fuse is in place, do
not twist, pull, or otherwise cause friction.
4. Once the fuse is in place, it is necessary to crimp the
fuse into the blasting cap. Crimping is the procedure of at-
taching a nonelectrical blasting cap to a fuse, by bending
the ends of the cap around the fuse. This must be done
only with a special tool, called a crimper. Although crim-
pers may look like pliers, they are not, anM
be used. When crimping, be absolutely sure you know
what you are doing, since, if you squeeze the explosive
within the cap rather than the ends, there is a good chance
you will blow your hand off.
5. Do not light the fuse until you are sure that the
sparks that come from it will not set off the explosive until
the fuse has burned down.
Safety precautions to be taken when firing explosives:
1. Never hold an explosive in your hands, when lighting.
2. Before exploding any charge, make sure a completeM
check of the area has been made, and sufficient time and
warning have been given.
3. Do not return to the area of the blast until all the
4. Do not attempt to investigate a misfire too soon. Wait
EXPLOSIVES AND BOOBY TRAPS /
at least one hour, and be sure, if you are using an electrical
circuit, that you have disconnected it.
5. Never drill out misfires.
6. Never abandon any explosives.
7. Do not leave any explosive equipment, packing
material, or empty cartridges where children or animals cM
Basic formulas for demolitions use
1. Computation of minimum safety distance
For charges less than 27 pounds, the minimum safety
distance is 900 feet. Over 27 pounds, the minimum safety
distances can be figured by using the following formula:
300 x C pounds of explosive (T.N.T.)
When cutting, with explosives, part of a steel structure,
determine the area in square inches of the member to be
cut. This area is then labeled
and one can use the
the number of pounds of T.N.T. necessary.
When a steel member is not part of a greater structure,
a different formula is used. This is based on the diameter
of the individual member.
P = the amount of T.N.T. required, and D is the dia-
meter of the piece of steel.
To cut rails that weigh less than 80 pounds, use one-
half pound of explosives. To cut rails that weigh over 80
pounds, use a full pound of explosives.
When the charge is to be external and untampM
formula is as follows:
P equals the pounds of explosives required, and C equals
the circumference of the tree in feet (this formula is given
for plastique) . When figuring an internal tamped charge, the
P equals the pounds of explosives, and D equals the
diameter of the tree in inches.
Some important principles
A basic rule to follow in all calculations having to do
with explosive compounds is to round off the amount to the
next highest unit package. At times you may use a littleM
more than necessary, but you will be assured of success.
Another rule when calculating charges is to add one-third
more explosives if you do not intend to tamp. If a formula
is given for plastique (composition 4), as was done for
both timber-cutting formulas, you are able to compute
poundage in T.N.T. by adding one-third to the weight of
When using the principle of cratering to destroy a paved
surface with explosives, use several charges rather than
just one. The use of a bore hole is especially effM
here. It is pointless to attempt cratering a roadway without
tamping, since most of the destructive force of your
charge will go straight up in the air.
In the first two sections of this chapter, I have discussed
explosives chemically and written about their safe handling.
In the third section, I intend to go into their specific appli-
cation. Bombs, like spies, have no allegiance, even to their
Bombs and booby traps incorporate more than just tech-
nical knowledge, they are based on human nature. M
create an effective booby trap, one must have a primitive
insight into his enemy
s actions, thoughts, and methods.
Before I get into the nitty-gritty of constructing booby
traps, bombs, land mines, grenades, etc., it is important to
explain the basic working principles and mechanisms be-
In the acquisition of equipment I would recommend pur-
chasing or stealing, rather than making your own. Manu-
factured equipment is much safer to work with, and usually
more effective. Once you have your eM
you will need a way to set it off, or detonate it. With all
high explosives, you will need a detonator or blasting cap,
unless you decide to lace the fuse into the explosive, al-
though this is not recomended. A blasting cap is a low-
explosive compound that is connected to a high explosive,
for the purpose of detonating it. There are two types of
electric and nonelectric.
To use a nonelectrical blasting cap, one gently pushes
the fuse into the hollow end, until it is fully in. M
crimps the hollow metal end around the fuse, and puts it
into the high explosive. When the fuse burns down, it ig-
nites the flash charge. That in turn explodes the priming
Hollow Copper Shell Priming Charge
charge, which detonates the base charge, and finally creates
enough heat to set off the high-explosive charge. The fuse
is ordinary safety fuse or detonating cord.
Figure 73. Safety fuse.
Figure 72. Nonelectrical blasting cap.
ly creates When the fuseM
is put into the blasting cap, it is necessary
The fuse to seal it. This act of sealing is called crimping. When in-
volved with this sort of thing, one must use the standard
safety precautions set down in the previous section. Crimp-
proofing ers j 00 ]^ like a p a i r G f pliers, and their function is very sim-
, ilar, although pliers cannot be used for crimping. With the
Core crimper in your right hand and the blasting cap m your
left, slowly squeeze the hollow end of the blasting cap until
s q r mly against the fuse. Use care so that you do not
Y squeeze the charge within the cap, as this may detonate it.
Whereas nonelectrical blasting caps are functional and
y have proven that they can be relied on, electrical blasting
Figure 74. Crimpers.
caps offer a much greater variety of uses, The basic prin-
ciple of the electrical blasting cap is that an electrical
charge moves through an insulated wire until it reaches a
small section of that same wire which is not insulated and
surrounded by a primary flash charge. The heat
from the electrical charge will explode the flash charge,
which in turn will set off a series of minor explosions, fin-
ishing up with the high explosive.
Both types of blasting caps should be placed within the
high explosive itself. This is easy when working with
plastique or a pliable substance. Manufactured T.N.T. has
3 small hole designed at the top for just this reason, but in
dynamite one has to make his own hole. This hole should
be made with a wooden or nonsparM
king metal object. The
ends of the crimpers, illustrated on the previous page, are
ideal. The hole can be made in one of two ways: the first
is bored carefully and gently straight down from the top
of the stick, to exactly the length of the cap itself; the sec-
ond type of hole is made from the side in a downward
diagonal direction. Both of these methods have proven
EXPLOSIVES AND BOOBY TRAPS /
Figure 76. Priming dynamite electrically.
Another method of priming dynamite, which is noM
reliable as either nonelectrical or electrical blasting caps, is
The principle behind most detonating de-
vices is simply to create a temperature which is hot enough
to ignite the high explosive. This increase in temperature
can be accomplished with a relatively good degree of suc-
cess by weaving the fuse throughout the high explosive so
that, as the fuse burns down, the heat created from the
burning process is captured and held within the high ex-
plosive until the detonation temperatureM
There are different methods of lacing, depending on
what type of high explosive you happen to be working with.
For dynamite, the most common and most functional
method is literally to sew the detonation cord into the stick.
This preparation entails the individual
holes directly through the dynamite itself. This hole-mak-
ing should be performed just as the planting of the blasting
cap was handled. The holes must be dug gently and slowly
with a nonmetallic instrument.
only when there is no alternative, and blasting caps are not
Figure 77. Lacing dynamite.
When using TNT, you can lace it by wrapping the
detonating cord around the body of the explosive at least
five or six times, and then tying it off with a clove hitch.
This will result in a great amount of heat being transferred
into the TNT from the fuse, and its detonation.
Plastique can also be ignited in this fashion, by employ-
ing a heavy-duty detonation cord, and tying a double knot
ds. This large knot is then buried deep in the
center of the composition. It must be at least one inch from
Tamping is nothing more than an operation performed
before the explosion, to regulate and direct the destructive
power of the explosion. In other words, if a pound of black
powder is ignited with a match, the explosion will occur
but most of the destructive force will take the path of least
into the atmosphere. Now, if the same pound
of black powder was placed within a steM
at both ends, except for a tiny hole for the fuse, the ex-
plosion could be regulated with ease. This tamping opera-
tion is necessary for any forms of demolitions in order that
the operation be successful. A stick of dynamite placed on
a concrete roadway untamped, when exploded will create
a very small crater, perhaps a few inches. If this same stick
of dynamite were tamped, by placing several sandbags on
top of it and around it, the explosion would create a much
greater crater. This tamping opM
eration is absolutely neces-
sary for the demolition of a large structure or building.
1. When attempting to sever a steel rod or pole, through
the use of explosives, place a charge on each side, leaving
a small gap between the butts of the explosives.
2. When cutting a chain, place the explosive charge on
one side and tape it securely into place.
3. When cutting any odd-shaped object, the best ex-
plosive to use is plastique, because of its flexibility. It is
especially useful and effective when cutting heavy metaM
cables. The compound should be placed around the side
of the cable that is to be cut, about a half-inch thick.
When sabotaging railroad tracks with explosive, use
plastique if available, since this is the easiest substance to
use when trying to sever objects of irregular shapes. The
most common way of cutting train tracks is by placing a
charge of high explosives on either side of the
track, so as to have the forces of the two explosions act
upon each other, thus causing the middle object maximum
Another method which has proven equally effective is
placing a charge between the rail and the switch. The
switch is one of the weakest points along the line, and a
relatively small charge will not only sever the switch and
rail, but will also rip up the ties and the railroad bed.
Tamping with sandbags can and should be used if at all
possible, since the extent of the damage is multiplied sev-
eral times by the addition of the sandbags. Tamping can be
useless if you are on a silent lightning-fast mission.M
case, a two-pound charge of TNT carefully placed between
the switch and rail will almost certainly do the trick without
tamping. The best procedure when engaged in this type of
sabotage is to repeat the acts every three-quarters of a mile
or so, so as to delay the repairmen and create confusion.
Placement of charges
In demolition work, the greatest problem is the actual
placement of the charges. When an individual is working
on a large structure such as a building or a bridge, it is
imperative that he haveM
an understanding of the directional
force of explosives, and the structure
large-type structures are built to bear up under abnormal
stress, so the chances are good, unless the charges are
placed correctly, that the sabotage will have little or no
When attempting the demolition of a building, the first
thing to do is to determine the weakest point in the struc-
ture. This is the point where a charge can be placed and
well-tamped, and will result in maximum destruction. A
lding will usually take more than just one charge.
The best bet is to place large explosive charges on either
side of a weak point in the foundations. These charges
should be tamped from the outside, so as to drive the force
There are several basic methods of planting explosives.
The advantage to most of the ones listed below is that they
have a natural tamping factor, built-in.
1. Bury the explosive beneath the object of destruction.
2. Drill a bore hole into the object and fill with ex-
a brace to hold the explosives tight against the
object of destruction. A good brace can be made from
wood placed on a diagonal, with one end jammed into the
4. Place a charge out in the open, with the tamping
material surrounding it, and directing its force.
Bridges are much harder to destroy than buildings, and
this is for several reasons:
1. Most of the bridges to be destroyed will be far larger
2. They are built strongly, to last for long periods of
ave many reinforcements that are not visible.
4. Everyone realizes the strategic importance of bridges,
therefore everyone should realize how well guarded they
An important factor to bear in mind, when working on
bridge demolition, is the extent of real damage desired.
Total destruction of a bridge is useless, a waste of good
explosives. It may even be harmful, since there may come
a time when a friendly force will need the use of that
bridge. Bridge destruction should therefore be considered a
operation. It will slow the enemy down, and
cause them much expense and time to rebuild. Since types
of charges differ for different types of bridges, I will go into
specific types of bridge demolitions.
Stringer bridges are the most common type of concrete,
steel, or timber bridges in existence. They are usually one
or more spans, but this makes little difference in the actual
placement of charges. If more than one span is to be de-
stroyed, one should just copy the first placement on the
second span. The stringerM
-type bridge is on basically two
beams, referred to as stringers. The ob-
vious method is to attempt to sever these primary aspects
of the entire structure. This can be accomplished by placing
charges on either side of each stringer. Each charge should
be tamped either with sandbags or a wooden brace. The
result of placing all the charges on the same side of the
stringer is the twisting and forced warping of the steel
beams beyond any future use. When dealing with a bridge
of this type which M
incorporates more than one span,
place the charges along the joints of the stringer, since this
is the weakest point along the line.
A slab bridge is a simple structure, consisting of a flat
slab of either concrete or timber held together in such a
way that it forms one continuous slab. These are the easi-
est bridges to destroy, since all that is required is a diag-
onal line of explosive charges placed either under, or dril-
led into, the structure itself. If the charges are placed be-
Figure 84. Slab bridge.
LOSIVES AND BOOBY TRAPS /
neath the bridge, they should be attached by some means,
and tamping should be used.
The T-beam bridge is very similar to the stringer-type
bridge, except it is without the bottom reinforcements. This
t mean that the T-beam type is any weaker or easier
to destroy. This type of bridge is based on three or four
concrete or steel T-beams, with a large slab of concrete
covering them. The space between the T-beams on the
underneath of the bridge is ideal for the placement of ex-
sive charges, since 75 percent of the tamping has al-
ready been constructed, by the very nature of the bridge
itself. This type of bridge may have more than one span
but, since bridge destruction is only a tactical-delay opera-
tion, the destruction of one span should be enough. If you
wish to destroy more than one span, just repeat the same
operation, on the second span, paying close attention to the
joints. Like the stringer-type bridge, the charges are placed
beneath the bridge, between the beams themselves. A M
or wooden platform should be constructed to so hold the
explosives, and direct their force upward into the bridge.
Figure 85. T-beam bridge.
The concrete cantilever bridge is probably better known placed along the joints of the separate sections or spans,
as a causeway. It is usually a very low bridge, with many Place charges of explosives at the foot of the correspond-
segments or spans supported by a series of concrete col- ing column to insure destruction. The charges placed at the
umns. The same basic proM
cedure should be followed as pre- foot of the columns should all be tamped and placed on
viously outlined, in that one should look for the weakest the same side of the respective columns, so as to encour-
point in the entire structure, and fix the charges at that age maximum destruction. This type of bridge has many
point. The weakest point in most structures is the place spans, but usually it is only necessary to destroy several of
where two objects join, so the explosive charges should be the middle sections, as M
s mark the location of the explosive charges. All
charges placed at the foot of the columns should be situated
on the same side, so as to channel the movement of the
destructive force in one direction.
The truss bridge is usually used for railroad crossings,
and is built of steel. This type of bridge is one of the
strongest in the world, and offers many problems for the
saboteur. The best method is to run several different ex-
plosions at thirty-minute intervals, so that one can see ex-
y what needs destruction, but this is not feasible for the
guerrilla operation. Figure 87 is a diagram of this type of
s show the location of five charges, which
can be placed hastily and are reasonably effective. Be very
careful when attempting a sabotage operation of this type.
especially with a truss bridge, since, as it is a train crossing,
it will undoubtedly be guarded heavily.
Figure 87. Truss bridge.
Suspension bridges are, generally speaking, the largest
bridges in the world, and accM
ordingly the strongest. It is a
good idea to allow yourself three or four separate charges
with a time lapse between them. If this not possible, con-
centrate your charges on the main cables, and the center
section of the bridge. Six
should be placed on the two towers at either end of the
bridge and tamped down.
s mark the location of the
explosive charges in Figure 88.
The most common time-delay device is an ordinary
safety fuse. These fuses usually consist of a M
core surrounded with a fabric and then a layer of water-
proof material. Although there are many different types, it
can generally be said that safety fuses burn between 30
and 45 seconds per foot; however, check these figures
when you make your purchase. Fuses can be bought from
any mail-order pyrotechnics company. Two with whom I
Northvale, New Jersey 07647
Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
Double-coated waterproof fuse usually sells foM
dollars for a thousand to fifteen hundred feet. I would ad-
vise purchasing this equipment, since homemade fuses are
Bombs can be detonated in many ways. The detonation
and use of certain devices are based mainly on the clever-
ness and imagination of the saboteur. In the following sec-
tion I have discussed several basic forms of detonators,
both nonelectric and electric. However, there is an infinite
number of variations, which may be better suited to indi-
st type is referred to either as a tension-release,
or a wiretrip device. It operates on the principle of releas-
ing the tension caused by a wound spring, on the firing
pin, and allowing it to strike and set off a nonelectrical
blasting cap. The nonelectrical blasting cap will in turn gen-
erate the necessary heat to ignite the T.N.T. or dynamite.
This can be implemented in many ways. Two simple meth-
ods are illustrated in Figures 89 and 90. A common method
in which the wire-trip device can be employed is stretchM
a trip wire about six inches above the ground. Another
EXPLOSIVES AND BOOBY TRAPS /
equally popular method of employing the tension-release
device is attaching the taut wire to the back of a door, so
that, when the door is opened, the tension is released, and
the explosive ignites.
A device very similar to the last one is the pull-trigger
electric detonator. It functions in the same manner, in that
a safety pin is removed from the striker or firing pin, caus-
ing it to move forward and connect with a metal M
This connection with the metal plate completes the elec-
trical circuit. The batteries have been connected by wires
to an electrical blasting cap, a metal plate, and finally to
the firing pin. (See Figure 91.) Although professional sup-
plies for this equipment are available at reasonable prices,
the diagram shows the detonating device constructed from
household items. The construction of this device is as fol-
lows: Two flashlight batteries are connected to each otheT,
and then one wire is run from one end M
the electrical blasting cap, the other wire from the opposite
end of the batteries to the metal plate. A third wire is run
from the blasting cap to the firing pin. This now completes
the fully cocked device.
Figure 89. Tension-release detonator.
In the same manner as the explosive in Figure 89 is
detonated, so is the common military grenade. The prin-
ciple of a tension release is the same. After the pin is pulled
out of the military grenade, the spring is free to react, caus-
er to ignite the lead-spitter fuse, and it in turn
will ignite the lead oxide and pentolite. The pentolite will
release enough heat to ignite the T.N.T. and cause the frag-
mentation of the metal casing.
The next type of detonating device I am going to discuss
is called the pressure-trigger device. It is based on the ap-
plication of pressure rather than its release, as in the pre-
vious devices. This mechanism is primarily used when an
electrical circuit is employed. The plunger is pushed down;
it forces one thin M
metal plate against another thicker metal
plate. The batteries are connected, via the blasting cap, to
each of these metal plates. Therefore, when they touch,
the electrical circuit is complete, and the explosive will
This type of device has several important advantages.
First of all, it can be constructed away from the area it will
be used in. This will cut installation time down to seconds.
Later in the chapter, I discuss a type of booby trap that can
be rigged into the ignition system of a car. Although M
nition-system booby trap works very well, it takes time
to install. This pressure-trigger device will act almost in the
same manner if placed beneath the driver
be installed in a lot less time. (See Figures 92 and 93.)
Figure 90. Military grenade.
EXPLOSIVES AND BOOBY TRAPS /
Figure 92. Pressure-trigger device under driver
Release of pressure detonators
The next type of detonating device I will discuss is called
a release-of-pressure mechanism. This M
actly the same principles as the pressure-trigger device, ex-
cept in reverse. The movement of the pressure plate, rather
than down, is now up. This can be used effectively when a
weight is placed on the pressure plate. Then when it is re-
moved, the explosives will be ignited. To construct, use a
heavy-duty spring beneath the first metal plate, as shown in
Figure 93. Connect a wire from the blasting cap to the first
metal plate. The second wire is then stretched from the bot-
to the second metal plate. The third wire
is run from the electrical blasting cap to the top of battery
When this is accomplished, the booby trap is fully
cocked. When the weight on the pressure plate is removed,
the spring will force the second metal plate against the first
metal plate, thus completing the electrical circuit and ex-
Figure 95 shows a booby trap which incorporates a ten-
sion-release device. When the tension, resulting from a
wire pulling on a pliable metal strip, M
is released, the' metal
strip (will snap back into another metal strip. Since the
wires from the batteries and blasting cap are connected to
either metal strip, when they touch, the circuit will be com-
plete and it will detonate the explosive charge. This type
of detonator is especially effective when attached to draw-
ers, doors, or any movable objects.
There are three different types of time-delay devices;
1 . Metal strip under tension until it breaks.
2. Chemical action that will, after a perM
duce enough heat to detonate the explosive charge.
3. An alarm clock set for a certain time, so that when it
rings it will complete an electrical circuit, thus detonating
an electrical blasting cap. The first method, metal under
tension until breakage, I will not discuss, since it is ex-
tremely hazardous and unreliable. You can have little or no
control over timing, and such devices are notorious for
The chemical-action time-delay methods have proven
to be pretty reliable. Most of thiM
s action incorporates the
amount of time taken by a certain solution of acid to eat
its way through another substance. The time length can be
determined by the concentration of the acid and by the sub-
stance to be eaten through.
An example of this type of chemical action is the Nipple
Time Bomb, which is very effective. One must obtain a
short section of steel pipe and cap each end accordingly.
Place inside the steel pipe a stick of dynamite, and drill a
quarter-inch hole at one end of the cap. Now, into this holeM
you must place a small amount of potassium chlorate and
gunpowder. Now, separately from the pipe, take a small
glass vial and fill it with a concentrated sulfuric acid solu-
tion, then stop up the end with a paper or cork stopper. To
arm the bomb, place the vial of acid upside down in the
hole at the top of the pipe. Now, when the acid has eaten
its way through the stopper, it will come into contact with
the potassium chlorate and gunpowder. The mixture of
these chemicals will cause a minor explosion, but it will M
large enough to produce the heat necessary to detonate the
dynamite. The detonation time is usually between three
and six hours. If a solution of sulfuric acid and glycerin is
used, rather than just pure sulfuric acid, the time delay will
be up to five or six days. (See Figure 96.)
Figure 97 is a diagram of an incendiary time bomb. This
is very similar to the Nipple Time Bomb, in that it relies
on the same chemical action, but without the dynamite.
The procedure is very simple. A cardboard or iron tube is
with a mixture of three-quarters potassium chlorate
and one-quarter sugar, and then sealed. At one end a hole
is made. Into that hole is placed an inverted vial of sulfuric
acid, with a paper or cork stopper. When the acid has
eaten its way through the stopper, it will come into con-
tact with the potassium chlorate-sugar mixture. This will
result in a very hot, powerful fire.
The Magnifying-Glass Bomb, illustrated in Figure 98,
Figure 91. Pull-trigger electric detonator.
EXPLOSIVES AND BOOBY TRAPS /
. Pressure-plate detonator.
Figure 94. Release of pressure detonator.
EXPLOSIVES AND BOOBY TRAPS /
Figure 95. Tension-release detonator.
Figure 96. Nipple time bomb.
Figure 97. Incendiary time bomb.
EXPLOSIVES AND BOOBY TRAPS / 141
Figure 98. Magnifying-glass bomb.
Figure 99. Alarm-clock time bomb.
EXPLOSIVES AND BOOBY TRAPS
Gasoline-soaked Rag Fuse
Figure 103. Molotov Cocktail.
Figure 104. Homemade grenade.
Figure 105. Book trap.
Figure 106. Door-handle traps.
EXPLOSIVES AND BOOBY TRAPS /
Figure 107. Loose floorboard trap.
Figure 108. Pressure-release gate trap.
is effective, but it has many disadvantages. The procedure
is very simple. Take a tin can and fill three-quarters of it
with highly compressed gM
unpowder. Now attach to the top
of the can a small magnifying glass, so that the sun
when magnified through the glass, will cause the heat
necessary to detonate the charge. This works very well, as
long as the sun shines, and it doesn
The alarm-clock detonating method is the most accurate
device, in that a person can set the time he wishes the bomb
to explode. It is connected in the same fashion as the other
electrical-circuit booby traps. Wires are connected to the
hammer of the bell and to thM
e bell itself, via the blasting
cap, to a dry cell (as shown in Figure 99). The clock
should be set before the booby trap is built. When the
alarm goes off, the hammer and bell connect completing
the electrical circuit and detonating the explosive.
Up to now I have been primarily concerned with deton-
ating devices, rather than the actual application of these
bombs and booby traps. In this last section on explosives,
I will deal with just a few of the many applications for
these booby traps. Each situation calls foM
niques, so use your imagination and your cunning.
The first type of application I will discuss is a basic road
trap. This incorporates a wire-trip action to complete the
electrical circuit. It is extremely simple to make, since all
the equipment can be gathered in or around the house.
The great advantage to this particular device is that the ex-
plosives are detonated, when the vehicle is directly over it,
so insuring maximum destruction. (See Figure 100.) To
construct a road trap, beginM
by digging three holes across a
roadway. Into two of the holes place the explosive charges,
and into the third place a regular car battery. Connect the
first wire from the negative terminal of the battery via each
of the blasting caps, in each charge, to a metal pin on
one side of an ordinary clothespin. The second wire should
be connected directly from the positive terminal of the bat-
tery to the opposite metal pin, located on the same clothes-
pin. The clothespin must be kept open by a small wooden
is attached to a thin black wire stretched
across the roadway. When the semi-invisible wire is pulled,
the wooden wedge will fall out of the clothespin, thus clos-
ing the clothespin. When the clothespin is closed, the two
metal pins will connect and complete the electrical circuit,
thus exploding the charges.
In Figure 101 is illustrated what is known as a walk trap.
This incorporates the same type of wire-trip action as de-
scribed in the road trap. The walk trap is not electrically
operated, it reliesM
on a percussion detonator. When the wire
is pulled, it pulls the safety pin out of the heavy firing pin.
The heat created from the detonator
sufficient to set off the TNT. This type of booby trap is
especially effective in dense undergrowth, where the trip
wire cannot be readily seen.
In Figure 102, the Bangalore torpedo is illustrated. This
is nothing more than a few sections of pipe filled with sticks
of dynamite, sealed at the ends, and joined in the middle by
thus permitting the torpedo to be of varying
lengths. The cap at one end must have a small hole drilled
in it, so that a fuse and blasting cap can be inserted. It can
be used very effectively to destroy walls, barricades, and
steel or iron doors. These are also great weapons against
cars, trucks, and even trains. If piping of this sort is not
available, you can make a substitute torpedo by taking a
stick of dynamite and wrapping it tightly with electric tape
and thin copper wire. To be effective, it should have manM
Figure 103 shows a Molotov Cocktail. This is an incen-
diary bomb, which bursts into flame on breaking. A quart
bottle is filled with two-thirds gasoline and one-third oil. A
fuse is made of an old gasoline-soaked rag, and then stuffed
into the mouth of the bottle. The bottle is corked, and the
fuse is lit. It is thrown and, when it breaks, it wilFbiirst into
flame. The enemy will not be able to extinguish the fire
with water. These were used with varying degrees of suc-
he struggle in Hungary. According to reports they
Homemade hand grenade
A homemade grenade is shown in Figure 104. This is
constructed from an empty, clean, condensed-milk can, at-
tached to a wooden handle. It is then filled halfway with
a layer of dynamite. In the dynamite is placed a nonelectric
blasting cap, with a five- to six-second fuse. The dynamite
is then covered with small pieces of iron, until the can is
EXPLOSIVES AND BOOBY TRAPS /
full. Seal the top of the open end closed, leavM
How to make an anti-personnel grenade
Even more effective than the grenade described above
is an anti-personnel grenade. This is constructed by taking
a piece of pipe and closing it at one end, either by soldering
or by screwing a cap on it. The pipe is packed tightly with
dynamite, and sealed at the other end, leaving a small hole
for the detonator, which is made in the following manner.
A piece of one-eighth-inch tubing is fastened to the end of a
piece of fuse, which in turn is attM
ached to a detonating cap.
On the other end of the fuse, a bit of cotton, saturated with
chlorate of potassium and common sugar, is placed, fol-
lowed by another piece of cotton and a little vial of sulfuric
acid. (This vial must be hermetically sealed, to prevent
leakage.) Finally, a piece of wood or iron, which can be
easily moved, is packed in the remaining empty space. The
piece of wood is placed there, so that when the pipe is
moved the piece of iron or wood will fall against the vial of
sulfuric acid and breaM
k it. Once the sulfuric acid contacts
the potassium chlorate, the chemical reaction will cause a
very hot flame, which will ignite the fuse and cause the
explosion. If this type of device is placed in a roadway, or
directly in the path of the enemy army, there is a good
chance it will be set off
either by a kick or by curiosity.
Figure 105 depicts a book trap. To construct this, you
will need a large book, perhaps a thousand pages. The
book should be hollowed out, leaving the edges intact. In
low place, put a dry cell battery and your explosive,
and connect the wires. Fix two metal contact points to the
edges of the book, and separate them with a wooden
wedge, which is attached to the rear wall of the bookcase.
This must be accomplished in such a manner that, when
the book is removed from the shelf, the metal contact
points will touch and complete the electrical circuit, thus
causing the detonation of the explosive charge.
Two basic methods of booby-trapping door handles are
d in Figure 106. The first employs a short test
tube, a cork, two needles, three wires, one electric blasting
cap, one metal ball bearing, and one stick of dynamite. The
two needles are pushed through the cork to an equal length,
and the ball bearing is placed within the tube. The test
tube is corked, and taped to the inside of a door handle.
The wires are then connected from the eyes of the two
needles to the battery, with one wire going via the blasting
cap. Next, the battery and stick of dynamite are taped to
e back of the door. When the handle is turned, the ball
bearing will roll and touch both points of the needles, thus
completing the electrical circuit and exploding the dyna-
The second door-handle trap is much the same, except
it uses a mercury thermostat switch, rather than a ball
Loose floorboard trap
The loose floorboard trap (Figure 107) utilizes the same
principles as the Book Trap, in that it relies on two metal
contact points touching to complete the electrical circuit.
Beneath the loose flooM
rboard are two strips of pliable metal
or bamboo, each with a metal contact point, which will
touch when pressure is brought down on the loose floor-
Illustrated in Figure 108 is the utilization of a regulation
military grenade in a booby trap. This is an extremely
simple, effective, and relatively safe booby trap. To cock
the booby trap, pull the pin on a regular tension release
grenade, and place beneath a swinging gate, or anywhere
that will supply the pressure necessary. When the gate is
(either opened or closed), the pressure will be re-
leased and the grenade detonated.
An extremely simple but effective booby trap can be
placed in a fireplace in a matter of seconds. Take three or
four sticks of dynamite and tape them together. Attach a
nonelectrical blasting cap, with a three- or four-foot fuse.
Now tape the dynamite about five feet up on the inside of
the chimney, leaving the fuse hanging loose downward.
The end of the fuse should be about a foot or so up the
chimney so that it is oM
ut of sight. When a fire is lit, the heat
generated will ignite the fuse, and it will explode the
charge, further up the chimney. This works extremely well,
since most of the tamping is supplied by the very structure
A personnel booby trap can be made by taking any oil
or kerosene lamp and draining it of all the fuel. Now re-
place the oil with high-octane gasoline. When lit, this will
cause a massive incendiary explosion. A candle can also
be booby-trapped, by stuffing a small amount of lM
azide or tetryl pellets into the wax, near the wick. The ex-
plosives will detonate from the flame of the candle.
It is an extremely simple procedure to booby-trap a
car. It has many advantages, the most important being that
you do not have to carry your own power supply, but
rather use the ignition system of the car itself. Wires are
run from the electrical blasting cap to points along the elec-
trical ignition system, and attached with alligator clips.
When the key is turned, it will complete the ignM
tem, and thus explode the bomb. A good place to hide ex-
plosives is in the hollow cavity behind the dashboard, since
then the full force of the explosion will be directed at the
individuals in the front seat.
There are basically two methods of booby-trapping
pipes. The first is very similar to the chimney trap, except
the intent is to blow off the smoker
s head. A small amount
of tetryl or lead azide is placed in the mouthpiece of the
pipe, and a fuse is attached, which leads through the resM
the pipe to a point about one-quarter-inch beneath the
bowl (Figure 109). When the smoker lights the pipe, the
fuse will be lit, and burn down untouched, until it deton-
ates the explosives in the mouthpiece, and blows the
The second method (illustrated in Figure 109) is a little
more complex but just as effective. A very sensitive ex-
plosive is placed in the mouthpiece, as before, except an
activated firing pin is placed in the stem of the pipe. The
smoker will attempt to light the pipe M
suck through it. Believing the stem to be blocked with tar
or nicotine, he will unscrew the threaded joint. The act of
unscrewing will release the firing pin, and detonate the ex-
An ordinary plastic or metal retractable ball-point pen
can be turned into a lethal weapon in a matter of minutes.
The refill ink cartridge is removed, and in its place is put
a small amount of tetryl. Above the charge is placed a
firing pin, similar to the one used in the second method of
ap. This firing pin will be held under pressure
s own spring. The tension is released by
reversing the firing-pin motion. When the user snaps the
plunger at the end of the pen, the firing pin is released and
goes crashing in the tetryl, and detonates it. (See Figure
Whistle trap and other handy devices
A booby trap that has an effect similar to the one
created by the pipe trap, is the whistle booby trap. It is
constructed by separating the metal or plastic sides into
their natural halvesM
. This can be accomplished by steam-
ing. Now, fill each half one-fourth full of an extreme-
ly friction-sensitive explosive. Before gluing the two halves
together, include a small ball made of a rough sandpaper-
like substance. When the whistle is blown, the ball will
bounce around inside the shell, creating enough friction
heat to set off the explosive charge.
An interesting booby trap can be constructed by using
a bottle, full of a highly sensitive liquid explosive, which
will detonate on the extraction of the cM
ork. The cork is de-
signed with a friction element that pulls through a sensitive
explosive. When this booby trap explodes, it does extensive
damage, due to the fragmentation of the glass.
An extremely simple device for setting a time-delay fire
is a book of matches, with a lighted cigarette stuck in it.
This is then left upon combustible material. The cigarette,
as it burns down, will light the matches, and they in turn
will generate the heat necessary to ignite the other larger
combustible material.
ndiary time-delay device is constructed out
of a candle, friction matches, and several rags soaked either
in gasoline or kerosene. The candle is placed upright in the
center of the bundle of matches. The soaked rags are
placed around the base of the matches. As the candle burns
down, it will ignite the matches, and they will ignite the
rags. One can usually expect about a fifteen-minute delay
To conclude this chapter, I will present the most horren-
dous recipe I could find. Since it is nM
napalm in your kitchen, you will have to be satisfied with
cacodyal. This is made by chemically extracting all the oxy-
EXPLOSIVES AND BOOBY TRAPS /
gen from alcohol, and then replacing it, under laboratory
controls, with metal arsenic. The formula for alcohol is CL
H.-, O, whereas for cacodyal it is C 4 H n AR. Now, this new
substance, cacodyal, possesses spontaneous inflammability,
the moment it is exposed to the air. Therefore it can be
put into a bottle and used like a Molotov Cocktail. M
thrown, it will explode on impact, but this is not its real
advantage. When it explodes, a dense white smoke is given
off. This is white arsenic, a deadly poison. One inhalation
will probably cause death in a matter of seconds.
This is the section I had hoped would not be necessary.
When I began the book, 1 said to myself that there was a
relatively good chance that we .might have more degrees of
real freedom by the time the book was finished. Well,
finished it is, and Vietnam is still there, CaM
added, the corporations are still polluting, and the govern-
ment is still lying. Since we can still legally call ourselves
oppressed people, I find this last section on legal crap
It is amazing with so many so-called
running about that we still have a state, a government, a
bunch of archaic laws, and a multitude of psychotics will-
ing to enforce them. If people depend on the state to make
laws, to prevent themselves from doing what they really
say that these people are nuts. I mean
to say, if I really want to do something, I don
s legal, illegal, moral, immoral, or amoral. I want
to do it, so I do it. The only laws a man can truly respect
are the ones he makes for himself.
Have you noticed that the people who actually make the
laws, the people in power, never make laws for themselves?
They pass legislation for the other people, who don
the laws to begin with. This government is a vicious
bureaucratic cycle, with thM
e people in power denying they
have the power, passing legislation to protect their power,
and conveniently losing any legislation which does not con-
form to their own particular brand of megalomania, in one
of their many advisory committees.
I do not want laws that protect me from myself. Does it
sound absurd? If I wish to ride a motorcycle without a
helmet, it is my absolute right to do so. If I wish to be a
fool, it is my right, since the only person who could be hurt
by my action is me. If I want to sleep withM
LSD, or march naked across Sheep Meadow, or do per-
verse things to my dog, then by what right does the govern-
Robert Heinlein, in a recent book The Moon Is a Harsh
Mistress, talks about an idea for taxation which I think
could be extremely functional. It is that the people in
the senators, congressmen, presidents, et al
should pay all the taxes themselves. Since these officials
are making laws nobody wants anyway, why shouldn
people keep the government as financiaM
Since the revolution hasn
t taken place yet, I have in-
cluded here some basic common-sense legal advice.
I was busted about two years ago at a demonstration.
The charges were trumped up and finally dropped, but the
affair cost me five hundred bucks in legal expenses. That
five hundred I couldn
t afford. I had to borrow it from
friends but, whatever it cost, it was worth it. It showed
exactly where the legal system of this country was at.
Ninety percent of the guys in jail with me were bM
Spanish, because they couldn
t dig up the outrageous bails.
I sincerely hope that, if and when they ever get out, they
will still be able to see the injustice with the same clarity
and passionate hatred.
Prison does strange things to men. Although its purpose
is to break the free spirit of a man, in many cases it just
adds fuel to the fire that has never been and never will be
The wheel of the law turns
After rain, good weather.
In the wink of an eye.
The universe throws offM
For ten thousand miles
spreads out like a beautiful brocade.
Light Breezes. Smiling flowers.
High in the trees, amongst
the sparkling leaves
all the birds sing at once.
Men and animals rise up reborn.
What could be more natural?
After sorrow, comes happiness.
The cop is a phenomenon, unto himself. He is a para-
noiac. He is a megalomaniac. He can be a sadist. He can
be vicious and cruel. He can be nice and sweet, especially
mething. He can break the laws that he pre-
tends to be enforcing, with impunity. He is very sensitive
to being called names, and tends to react the only way
he knows how. He is armed to the teeth, with clubs, chem-
icals, gases, firearms, and the most frightening weapon of
all, righteous indignation. He tends to be stupid, and un-
educated, and very aware of his shortcomings, although
s comments on them. He
travels in packs or gangs, and feels a certain degree of se-
is with his own kind. His word is taken
without question in all courts, and he relies on this.
When unarmed and confronted by a police officer, you
must take all these factors into consideration, before decid-
ing what course of action you intend to follow. Most indi-
vidual confrontations between police and individuals take
place in the street. If you are black, Puerto Rican, or white
with long hair, you can expect this. Cops have the legal
right to stop and frisk any person, in suspicious circum-
ious circumstances are solely the cop
terpretation. He can always bust you for something like
disturbing the peace, or disorderly conduct, and then throw
in a resisting-arrest charge.
I can fully appreciate the fury and anger that a person
can feel when put through a humiliating experience by a
cop, but I would recommend strongly that a person main-
tain his cool, and in no circumstances lose his temper. If
you lose your temper, you are playing right into the cop
The cop will probably ask you a bM
Name? Address? What you are doing? Where you are go-
ing? Etc. I would suggest that you answer all his questi'ons,
although you are not legally bound to. In no circumstances
should you answer any questions about drugs truthfully
(unless you have none and have never used them). By re-
fusing to answer questions, you will antagonize the cop,
and probably get yourself busted for loitering, or refusing
s orders. Be polite and concise, but do
not give any information that is not M
asked for, and in no
circumstances use anyone else
s name. It is a good idea to
refer to the cop as
since it helps his ego, and en-
hances your chances of staying out of jail.
Cops may go further than just harassment. They may
actually assault you. In these circumstances, you still have
no legal right to defend yourself. In these conditions stay
calm, if possible. Do not attempt to defend yourself other
than just to cover your groin and head. If you see an op-
portunity to grab a nearby weapon, andM
sure that you can be successful, then defend yourself, but
never forget that the cop has a gun, and he has used it,
When confronted on the street by the police, a common
emotion for a person to feel is fear. There is nothing wrong
with this. In fact, it's quite healthy, but do not show it to
the cop. If the cop realizes you are afraid of him, he will
take full advantage of the situation and play on your fear.
This doesn't mean to act belligerently, and, for God
high school or college lawyer, and explain to
the cop what he can and cannot do. He can do anything,
As I have stated before, I hate demonstrations. I feel
they must be sponsored by the government to give the cops
a heyday. But some demonstrations are necessary, al-
though the reason for this escapes me at the moment.
When taking part in a demonstration, you have opened
yourself up to brutality and arrest, and you must under-
stand this. Do not go to a peace rally thinking about peace.
won, and respect is earned. At all mass street
meetings, use common sense. In no circumstances carry
drugs, cherry bombs, stink bombs, spray paint, or any
object that might be considered a concealed weapon. These
include penknives and nail files. I have always made it a
policy never to take my wallet or any identification, but
this does risk arrest for not possessing a draft card.
If you are going to a demonstration that you think might
this means all demonstrations
jewelry. Women should not wear skirts, and everyone
should wear helmets, and carry a gas mask. If you smoke,
carry an extra pack of cigarettes with you, as it is a real
bitch getting cigarettes in jail.
One of the most threatening aspects of any demonstra-
tion is the plain-clothes cops. Over the past few years they
have proved more and more successful, and accordingly
their numbers have increased. Plainclothes cops are not
plainclothed, they are in disguise. Generally they try to
grow long hair and beards but, if M
you have any perception
at all, it is not hard to pick them out. If you are perform-
ing an illegal act, be especially careful and aware of who is
standing behind you.
Believe it or not, if you are arrested and attempt to
resist, and the original charge you were arrested for is
thrown out of court, you still can be jailed for resisting ar-
rest. So, when resisting arrest or making an attempt to
escape, be pretty sure that you have a good chance of suc-
cess, and never forget the gun. Many persons have man-
escape from their arresting officers during demon-
strations, with help from their brothers and sisters creating
Remember the cop doesn
t have to use the phrase,
He may just grab you. This act in itself
will hold up in court as a legal arrest. The cop also has
the prerogative of not arresting you; he may just detain you
for questioning. Detainment can last as long as the cop likes,
but usually it does not last more than several hours. If
you are held for questioning, you areM
treated the same way
as if you were arrested, but you have none of the legal
rights you have if you are under arrest.
If you are arrested, do not talk. The more you say, the
more you will incriminate yourself, and probably other
people as well. You have the right to remain silent, and by
talking or trying to find out what you are charged with,
you may make a confession, without even realizing that
There are three things you should do as soon as you are
1. Shout out your name, so that soM
not that he will do anything about it,
but it helps your peace of mind.
2. Try to remember anyone who saw you busted, since
they may be useful as witnesses.
3. Get and memorize the cop
s badge number and name.
If a different cop shows up in court, and you can prove it,
there is a good chance that the charges will be dismissed.
At the police station, you will be booked. This is a form-
filling-out time, where they will persist in asking every in-
criminating question possible,M
and you, of course, should
answer none of them. Although you are supposed to have
the right to call an attorney before being questioned, don
count on it. In fact, don
t count on anything at all. If you
are lucky enough to be allowed to call a lawyer, do so im-
mediately. if you don
t know a lawyer, and are busted in
New York City call any of the organizations listed below
and explain your situation. If you are communicating with
your parents, call them at once. Parents can get you out of
National Lawyers Guild
227-0385, 227-1078,
Emergency Civil Liberties Committee
New York Civil Liberties Union
Mobilization for Youth Legal Services
Part of being booked is the arresting officer
a Vera form. This is a test to see if you qualify for a sum-
mons. If you do, you will be released immediately and given
a date to appear in court. Vera summonses are only given
for nondrug-related misdemeanors. To be eligible for Vera,
ave someone verify your address and occupa-
tion, by phone, to the arresting officer. The police will also
check your previous record. This is an extremely easy sys-
tem to beat, if you have good friends. I was arrested in
Brooklyn, for disorderly conduct and disturbing the peace.
About a week before the bust, a friend and I had worked
out a series of aliases and phony addresses, for just such
occasions. The arresting officer called my friend, and asked
him if he was indeed my father. After he had verified my
address, and occupation, I was released with
a summons, never to appear again.
Vera works on a point system. If you manage to verify
your existence and accumulate the correct number of
points, you will be released. The actual scale of points ap-
pears a few paragraphs below.
After you are booked, if you don
t rate Vera, you will
be taken to a larger city jail. In New York City, it is 100
Centre Street, better known as the Tombs. The Tombs is a
large prison, without windows. It houses about twice as
people as it is supposed to. This incredible over-
crowding has resulted in bureaucracy. These impersonal
bureaucratic systems are the really frightening aspect of
any large city jail. Everything is performed like clock-
work, except if you get lost. What if someone loses your
t have any friends on the outside? Ab-
t absurd. It has happened many times:
A guy gets lost in the Tombs, and he
s found a year or so
later. He was originally charged with disorderly conduct,
has a usual maximum sentence of 30 to 60 days.
When he is found, he has already spent a year in jail.
If you are under 21, in New York City you have a
special treat in store for you
either Atlantic Ave., or
Rikers Island. Either one of these places is many times
worse than the Tombs. The prison officials have a great
deal of difficulty understanding why the suicide rate is so
high in these locations. I have a great deal ot difficulty
understanding the prison officials.
When you are put into a big-city jail, yoM
be frightened, lonely, humiliated, and completely drained
of any spirit. This is normal. Talk to the fellow prisoners,
write, play cards, read, doodle, do anything to keep your
mind occupied, but above all do not verbalize your mis-
fortune to your fellow prisoners. Each one of them has had
similar situations, and is sick of thinking about it.
To be released with a summons a defendant needs:
1. A New York area address where he can be reached.
2. A total of five points from the folM
1 One misdemeanor conviction.
0 Two misdemeanor convictions or one felony
1 Three or more misdemeanor convictions or two
3 Present job one year or more.
2 Present job four months, or present and prior job
1 An on-and-off job in either of the above two lines.
Or unemployed three months or less, with nine
months or more on prior job.
Or receiving unemployment compensation, or wel-
FAMILY TIES (in New York Area)
3 Lives with or has contact with other family
2 Lives with family or has contact with family.
1 Lives with nonfamily person and gives this person
RESIDENCE (in New York area, not on-and-off)
3 Present address for one year or more.
2 Present residence six months, or present and prior
1 Present residence four months, or present and prior
TIME IN NEW YORK CITY
1 Ten years or more.
Depending on the time of day that you are arrestM
time will be set for your arraignment. If you are busted
late at night, the chances are very good you will be held
overnight. (A word of advice: If you get the choice be-
tween the upper and lower bunks in a cell, choose the
lower. Prisons do not turn off their lights at night, and I
spent a sleepless night, without a mattress, with a five-
hundred-watt bulb shining directly into my eyes.)
The arraignment is nothing more than the judge telling
you what you are charged with, and setting bail for you.
uld have a lawyer present, since, if you don
judge will assign a moron from the Legal Aid Society. If
t get a lawyer on your own, accept one from the
Legal Aid Society, but do not let the guy make any deals
for you. Legal Aid lawyers are notorious for wheeling and
dealing themselves out of work, and you into jail. It is
better to use a lawyer, rather than to attempt to defend
yourself, because the lawyer knows all the legal hocuspocus that might reduce your bail. Judges get pissed-off
ants try to defend themselves. I was once
when trying to defend myself in a
civil case, by some old asshole judge.
At the arraignment you will be required to plead guilty
or not guilty to any violation. Never plead guilty to a violation. If necessary, you can change your plea later. If you
are charged with a misdemeanor, you will be given an opportunity to plead, but you are not required to do so. Do
not plead on a misdemeanor. You will not be allowed to
In most circumstances, if the judge does not release you
on your own recognizance (without bail), he will set a
figure and often a cash alternative. In other words, if your
bail is set at $500, he may only require a small percentage,
say $50 in cash. This is good, since if you have to go to a
bondsman it is a big hassle, and he will require incredible
amounts of security, such as automobiles, title deeds to
houses or property, bank books, etc.
The best advice possible on any legal matter is (1)
ol and temper, (2) keep your mouth shut,
(3) get a good lawyer and call your family, and (4) never
forget what you have been through. Allow the fear and
loneliness, and hatred to build inside you, rather than diminish with time. Allow your passions to fertilize the seeds
of constructive revolution. Allow your love of freedom to
overcome the false values placed on human life. For the
only method to communicate with the enemy is to speak
on his own level, using his own terms. Freedom is based on
respect, and respect )must be earned by the spilling of
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<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In the second year of Darius the king, in the sixth month, in the first day of the month, came the word of the LORD by Haggai the prophet unto Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to Joshua the son of Josedech, the high priest, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts, saying, This people say, The time is not come, the time that the LORD
s house should be built. <span class="ver">3</span>Then came the woM
rd of the LORD by Haggai the prophet, saying, <span class="ver">4</span>Is it time for you, O ye, to dwell in your cieled houses, and this house lie waste? <span class="ver">5</span>Now therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts; Consider your ways. <span class="ver">6</span>Ye have sown much, and bring in little; ye eat, but ye have not enough; ye drink, but ye are not filled with drink; ye clothe you, but there is none warm; and he that earneth wages earneth wages to put it into a bag with holes. </p>
s="ver">7</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Consider your ways. <span class="ver">8</span>Go up to the mountain, and bring wood, and build the house; and I will take pleasure in it, and I will be glorified, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">9</span>Ye looked for much, and, lo, it came to little; and when ye brought it home, I did blow upon it. Why? saith the LORD of hosts. Because of mine house that is waste, and ye run every man unto his own house. <span class="ver">10</span>Therefore the heaven over you is stayM
ed from dew, and the earth is stayed from her fruit. <span class="ver">11</span>And I called for a drought upon the land, and upon the mountains, and upon the corn, and upon the new wine, and upon the oil, and upon that which the ground bringeth forth, and upon men, and upon cattle, and upon all the labour of the hands. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>Then Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Joshua the son of Josedech, the high priest, with all the remnant of the people, obeyed the voice of the LORD their GodM
, and the words of Haggai the prophet, as the LORD their God had sent him, and the people did fear before the LORD. <span class="ver">13</span>Then spake Haggai the LORD
s messenger in the LORD
s message unto the people, saying, I am with you, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">14</span>And the LORD stirred up the spirit of Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and the spirit of Joshua the son of Josedech, the high priest, and the spirit of all the remnant of the people; and they came and did work M
in the house of the LORD of hosts, their God, <span class="ver">15</span>In the four and twentieth day of the sixth month, in the second year of Darius the king.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>In the seventh month, in the one and twentieth day of the month, came the word of the LORD by the prophet Haggai, saying, <span class="ver">2</span>Speak now to Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to Joshua the son of Josedech, the high priest, and to the residue of the peoplM
e, saying, <span class="ver">3</span>Who is left among you that saw this house in her first glory? and how do ye see it now? is it not in your eyes in comparison of it as nothing? <span class="ver">4</span>Yet now be strong, O Zerubbabel, saith the LORD; and be strong, O Joshua, son of Josedech, the high priest; and be strong, all ye people of the land, saith the LORD, and work: for I am with you, saith the LORD of hosts: <span class="ver">5</span>According to the word that I covenanted with you when ye came out ofM
Egypt, so my spirit remaineth among you: fear ye not. <span class="ver">6</span>For thus saith the LORD of hosts; Yet once, it is a little while, and I will shake the heavens, and the earth, and the sea, and the dry land; <span class="ver">7</span>And I will shake all nations, and the desire of all nations shall come: and I will fill this house with glory, saith the LORD of hosts. <span class="ver">8</span>The silver is mine, and the gold is mine, saith the LORD of hosts. <span class="ver">9</span>The glory of thiM
s latter house shall be greater than of the former, saith the LORD of hosts: and in this place will I give peace, saith the LORD of hosts. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>In the four and twentieth day of the ninth month, in the second year of Darius, came the word of the LORD by Haggai the prophet, saying, <span class="ver">11</span>Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Ask now the priests concerning the law, saying, <span class="ver">12</span>If one bear holy flesh in the skirt of his garment, and with his skirt do tM
ouch bread, or pottage, or wine, or oil, or any meat, shall it be holy? And the priests answered and said, No. <span class="ver">13</span>Then said Haggai, If one that is unclean by a dead body touch any of these, shall it be unclean? And the priests answered and said, It shall be unclean. <span class="ver">14</span>Then answered Haggai, and said, So is this people, and so is this nation before me, saith the LORD; and so is every work of their hands; and that which they offer there is unclean. <span class="ver">15<M
/span>And now, I pray you, consider from this day and upward, from before a stone was laid upon a stone in the temple of the LORD: <span class="ver">16</span>Since those days were, when one came to an heap of twenty measures, there were but ten: when one came to the pressfat for to draw out fifty vessels out of the press, there were but twenty. <span class="ver">17</span>I smote you with blasting and with mildew and with hail in all the labours of your hands; yet ye turned not to me, saith the LORD. <span class="veM
r">18</span>Consider now from this day and upward, from the four and twentieth day of the ninth month, even from the day that the foundation of the LORD
s temple was laid, consider it. <span class="ver">19</span>Is the seed yet in the barn? yea, as yet the vine, and the fig tree, and the pomegranate, and the olive tree, hath not brought forth: from this day will I bless you. </p>
<p><span class="ver">20</span>And again the word of the LORD came unto Haggai in the four and twentieth day of the month, saying, <spM
an class="ver">21</span>Speak to Zerubbabel, governor of Judah, saying, I will shake the heavens and the earth; <span class="ver">22</span>And I will overthrow the throne of kingdoms, and I will destroy the strength of the kingdoms of the heathen; and I will overthrow the chariots, and those that ride in them; and the horses and their riders shall come down, every one by the sword of his brother. <span class="ver">23</span>In that day, saith the LORD of hosts, will I take thee, O Zerubbabel, my servant, the son of L
Shealtiel, saith the LORD, and will make thee as a signet: for I have chosen thee, saith the LORD of hosts. </p>
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<title>SONG OF SOLOMON</title>
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<h2>Contents</h2>
<li><a href="#c1">1<M
<li><a href="#c2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#c3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#c4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#c5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#c6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="#c7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="#c8">8</a></li>
<h2 id="c1">Chapter 1</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>The song of songs, which is Solomon
s. <span class="ver">2</span>Let him kiss me with the kisses of his mouth: for thy love is better than wine. <span class="ver">3</span>Because of the savM
our of thy good ointments thy name is as ointment poured forth, therefore do the virgins love thee. <span class="ver">4</span>Draw me, we will run after thee: the king hath brought me into his chambers: we will be glad and rejoice in thee, we will remember thy love more than wine: the upright love thee. <span class="ver">5</span>I am black, but comely, O ye daughters of Jerusalem, as the tents of Kedar, as the curtains of Solomon. <span class="ver">6</span>Look not upon me, because I am black, because the sun hath M
looked upon me: my mother
s children were angry with me; they made me the keeper of the vineyards; but mine own vineyard have I not kept. <span class="ver">7</span>Tell me, O thou whom my soul loveth, where thou feedest, where thou makest thy flock to rest at noon: for why should I be as one that turneth aside by the flocks of thy companions? </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>If thou know not, O thou fairest among women, go thy way forth by the footsteps of the flock, and feed thy kids beside the shepherds
ents. <span class="ver">9</span>I have compared thee, O my love, to a company of horses in Pharaoh
s chariots. <span class="ver">10</span>Thy cheeks are comely with rows of jewels, thy neck with chains of gold. <span class="ver">11</span>We will make thee borders of gold with studs of silver. </p>
<p><span class="ver">12</span>While the king sitteth at his table, my spikenard sendeth forth the smell thereof. <span class="ver">13</span>A bundle of myrrh is my wellbeloved unto me; he shall lie all night betwixt mM
y breasts. <span class="ver">14</span>My beloved is unto me as a cluster of camphire in the vineyards of En-gedi. <span class="ver">15</span>Behold, thou art fair, my love; behold, thou art fair; thou hast doves
eyes. <span class="ver">16</span>Behold, thou art fair, my beloved, yea, pleasant: also our bed is green. <span class="ver">17</span>The beams of our house are cedar, and our rafters of fir.
<h2 id="c2">Chapter 2</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>I am the rose of Sharon, and the lily of the valleysM
. <span class="ver">2</span>As the lily among thorns, so is my love among the daughters. <span class="ver">3</span>As the apple tree among the trees of the wood, so is my beloved among the sons. I sat down under his shadow with great delight, and his fruit was sweet to my taste. <span class="ver">4</span>He brought me to the banqueting house, and his banner over me was love. <span class="ver">5</span>Stay me with flagons, comfort me with apples: for I am sick of love. <span class="ver">6</span>His left hand is undeM
r my head, and his right hand doth embrace me. <span class="ver">7</span>I charge you, O ye daughters of Jerusalem, by the roes, and by the hinds of the field, that ye stir not up, nor awake my love, till he please. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>The voice of my beloved! behold, he cometh leaping upon the mountains, skipping upon the hills. <span class="ver">9</span>My beloved is like a roe or a young hart: behold, he standeth behind our wall, he looketh forth at the windows, shewing himself through the latticM
e. <span class="ver">10</span>My beloved spake, and said unto me, Rise up, my love, my fair one, and come away. <span class="ver">11</span>For, lo, the winter is past, the rain is over and gone; <span class="ver">12</span>The flowers appear on the earth; the time of the singing of birds is come, and the voice of the turtle is heard in our land; <span class="ver">13</span>The fig tree putteth forth her green figs, and the vines with the tender grape give a good smell. Arise, my love, my fair one, and come away. </p>M
<p><span class="ver">14</span>O my dove, that art in the clefts of the rock, in the secret places of the stairs, let me see thy countenance, let me hear thy voice; for sweet is thy voice, and thy countenance is comely. <span class="ver">15</span>Take us the foxes, the little foxes, that spoil the vines: for our vines have tender grapes. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>My beloved is mine, and I am his: he feedeth among the lilies. <span class="ver">17</span>Until the day break, and the shadows flee away, turM
n, my beloved, and be thou like a roe or a young hart upon the mountains of Bether.
<h2 id="c3">Chapter 3</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>By night on my bed I sought him whom my soul loveth: I sought him, but I found him not. <span class="ver">2</span>I will rise now, and go about the city in the streets, and in the broad ways I will seek him whom my soul loveth: I sought him, but I found him not. <span class="ver">3</span>The watchmen that go about the city found me: to whom I said, Saw ye him whom my soulM
loveth? <span class="ver">4</span>It was but a little that I passed from them, but I found him whom my soul loveth: I held him, and would not let him go, until I had brought him into my mother
s house, and into the chamber of her that conceived me. <span class="ver">5</span>I charge you, O ye daughters of Jerusalem, by the roes, and by the hinds of the field, that ye stir not up, nor awake my love, till he please. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</span>Who is this that cometh out of the wilderness like pillars of sM
moke, perfumed with myrrh and frankincense, with all powders of the merchant? <span class="ver">7</span>Behold his bed, which is Solomon
s; threescore valiant men are about it, of the valiant of Israel. <span class="ver">8</span>They all hold swords, being expert in war: every man hath his sword upon his thigh because of fear in the night. <span class="ver">9</span>King Solomon made himself a chariot of the wood of Lebanon. <span class="ver">10</span>He made the pillars thereof of silver, the bottom thereof of goM
ld, the covering of it of purple, the midst thereof being paved with love, for the daughters of Jerusalem. <span class="ver">11</span>Go forth, O ye daughters of Zion, and behold king Solomon with the crown wherewith his mother crowned him in the day of his espousals, and in the day of the gladness of his heart.
<h2 id="c4">Chapter 4</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Behold, thou art fair, my love; behold, thou art fair; thou hast doves
eyes within thy locks: thy hair is as a flock of goats, that appear frM
om mount Gilead. <span class="ver">2</span>Thy teeth are like a flock of sheep that are even shorn, which came up from the washing; whereof every one bear twins, and none is barren among them. <span class="ver">3</span>Thy lips are like a thread of scarlet, and thy speech is comely: thy temples are like a piece of a pomegranate within thy locks. <span class="ver">4</span>Thy neck is like the tower of David builded for an armoury, whereon there hang a thousand bucklers, all shields of mighty men. <span class="ver">5M
</span>Thy two breasts are like two young roes that are twins, which feed among the lilies. <span class="ver">6</span>Until the day break, and the shadows flee away, I will get me to the mountain of myrrh, and to the hill of frankincense. <span class="ver">7</span>Thou art all fair, my love; there is no spot in thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>Come with me from Lebanon, my spouse, with me from Lebanon: look from the top of Amana, from the top of Shenir and Hermon, from the lions
dens, from the mountainsM
of the leopards. <span class="ver">9</span>Thou hast ravished my heart, my sister, my spouse; thou hast ravished my heart with one of thine eyes, with one chain of thy neck. <span class="ver">10</span>How fair is thy love, my sister, my spouse! how much better is thy love than wine! and the smell of thine ointments than all spices! <span class="ver">11</span>Thy lips, O my spouse, drop as the honeycomb: honey and milk are under thy tongue; and the smell of thy garments is like the smell of Lebanon. <span class="veM
r">12</span>A garden inclosed is my sister, my spouse; a spring shut up, a fountain sealed. <span class="ver">13</span>Thy plants are an orchard of pomegranates, with pleasant fruits; camphire, with spikenard, <span class="ver">14</span>Spikenard and saffron; calamus and cinnamon, with all trees of frankincense; myrrh and aloes, with all the chief spices: <span class="ver">15</span>A fountain of gardens, a well of living waters, and streams from Lebanon. </p>
<p><span class="ver">16</span>Awake, O north wind; andM
come, thou south; blow upon my garden, that the spices thereof may flow out. Let my beloved come into his garden, and eat his pleasant fruits.
<h2 id="c5">Chapter 5</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>I am come into my garden, my sister, my spouse: I have gathered my myrrh with my spice; I have eaten my honeycomb with my honey; I have drunk my wine with my milk: eat, O friends; drink, yea, drink abundantly, O beloved. </p>
<p><span class="ver">2</span>I sleep, but my heart waketh: it is the voice of my belovM
ed that knocketh, saying, Open to me, my sister, my love, my dove, my undefiled: for my head is filled with dew, and my locks with the drops of the night. <span class="ver">3</span>I have put off my coat; how shall I put it on? I have washed my feet; how shall I defile them? <span class="ver">4</span>My beloved put in his hand by the hole of the door, and my bowels were moved for him. <span class="ver">5</span>I rose up to open to my beloved; and my hands dropped with myrrh, and my fingers with sweet smelling myrrhM
, upon the handles of the lock. <span class="ver">6</span>I opened to my beloved; but my beloved had withdrawn himself, and was gone: my soul failed when he spake: I sought him, but I could not find him; I called him, but he gave me no answer. <span class="ver">7</span>The watchmen that went about the city found me, they smote me, they wounded me; the keepers of the walls took away my veil from me. <span class="ver">8</span>I charge you, O daughters of Jerusalem, if ye find my beloved, that ye tell him, that I am sM
<p><span class="ver">9</span>What is thy beloved more than another beloved, O thou fairest among women? what is thy beloved more than another beloved, that thou dost so charge us? <span class="ver">10</span>My beloved is white and ruddy, the chiefest among ten thousand. <span class="ver">11</span>His head is as the most fine gold, his locks are bushy, and black as a raven. <span class="ver">12</span>His eyes are as the eyes of doves by the rivers of waters, washed with milk, and fitly set. <spanM
class="ver">13</span>His cheeks are as a bed of spices, as sweet flowers: his lips like lilies, dropping sweet smelling myrrh. <span class="ver">14</span>His hands are as gold rings set with the beryl: his belly is as bright ivory overlaid with sapphires. <span class="ver">15</span>His legs are as pillars of marble, set upon sockets of fine gold: his countenance is as Lebanon, excellent as the cedars. <span class="ver">16</span>His mouth is most sweet: yea, he is altogether lovely. This is my beloved, and this is M
my friend, O daughters of Jerusalem.
<h2 id="c6">Chapter 6</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>Whither is thy beloved gone, O thou fairest among women? whither is thy beloved turned aside? that we may seek him with thee. <span class="ver">2</span>My beloved is gone down into his garden, to the beds of spices, to feed in the gardens, and to gather lilies. <span class="ver">3</span>I am my beloved
s, and my beloved is mine: he feedeth among the lilies. </p>
<p><span class="ver">4</span>Thou art beautiful, O mM
y love, as Tirzah, comely as Jerusalem, terrible as an army with banners. <span class="ver">5</span>Turn away thine eyes from me, for they have overcome me: thy hair is as a flock of goats that appear from Gilead. <span class="ver">6</span>Thy teeth are as a flock of sheep which go up from the washing, whereof every one beareth twins, and there is not one barren among them. <span class="ver">7</span>As a piece of a pomegranate are thy temples within thy locks. <span class="ver">8</span>There are threescore queens, M
and fourscore concubines, and virgins without number. <span class="ver">9</span>My dove, my undefiled is but one; she is the only one of her mother, she is the choice one of her that bare her. The daughters saw her, and blessed her; yea, the queens and the concubines, and they praised her. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>Who is she that looketh forth as the morning, fair as the moon, clear as the sun, and terrible as an army with banners? <span class="ver">11</span>I went down into the garden of nuts to see thM
e fruits of the valley, and to see whether the vine flourished, and the pomegranates budded. <span class="ver">12</span>Or ever I was aware, my soul made me like the chariots of Amminadib. <span class="ver">13</span>Return, return, O Shulamite; return, return, that we may look upon thee. What will ye see in the Shulamite? As it were the company of two armies.
<h2 id="c7">Chapter 7</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>How beautiful are thy feet with shoes, O prince
s daughter! the joints of thy thighs are like M
jewels, the work of the hands of a cunning workman. <span class="ver">2</span>Thy navel is like a round goblet, which wanteth not liquor: thy belly is like an heap of wheat set about with lilies. <span class="ver">3</span>Thy two breasts are like two young roes that are twins. <span class="ver">4</span>Thy neck is as a tower of ivory; thine eyes like the fishpools in Heshbon, by the gate of Bath-rabbim: thy nose is as the tower of Lebanon which looketh toward Damascus. <span class="ver">5</span>Thine head upon theeM
is like Carmel, and the hair of thine head like purple; the king is held in the galleries. <span class="ver">6</span>How fair and how pleasant art thou, O love, for delights! <span class="ver">7</span>This thy stature is like to a palm tree, and thy breasts to clusters of grapes. <span class="ver">8</span>I said, I will go up to the palm tree, I will take hold of the boughs thereof: now also thy breasts shall be as clusters of the vine, and the smell of thy nose like apples; <span class="ver">9</span>And the roof M
of thy mouth like the best wine for my beloved, that goeth down sweetly, causing the lips of those that are asleep to speak. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>I am my beloved
s, and his desire is toward me. <span class="ver">11</span>Come, my beloved, let us go forth into the field; let us lodge in the villages. <span class="ver">12</span>Let us get up early to the vineyards; let us see if the vine flourish, whether the tender grape appear, and the pomegranates bud forth: there will I give thee my loves. <spanM
class="ver">13</span>The mandrakes give a smell, and at our gates are all manner of pleasant fruits, new and old, which I have laid up for thee, O my beloved.
<h2 id="c8">Chapter 8</h2>
<p><span class="ver">1</span>O that thou wert as my brother, that sucked the breasts of my mother! when I should find thee without, I would kiss thee; yea, I should not be despised. <span class="ver">2</span>I would lead thee, and bring thee into my mother
s house, who would instruct me: I would cause thee to drink of spiceM
d wine of the juice of my pomegranate. <span class="ver">3</span>His left hand should be under my head, and his right hand should embrace me. <span class="ver">4</span>I charge you, O daughters of Jerusalem, that ye stir not up, nor awake my love, until he please. <span class="ver">5</span>Who is this that cometh up from the wilderness, leaning upon her beloved? I raised thee up under the apple tree: there thy mother brought thee forth: there she brought thee forth that bare thee. </p>
<p><span class="ver">6</spaM
n>Set me as a seal upon thine heart, as a seal upon thine arm: for love is strong as death; jealousy is cruel as the grave: the coals thereof are coals of fire, which hath a most vehement flame. <span class="ver">7</span>Many waters cannot quench love, neither can the floods drown it: if a man would give all the substance of his house for love, it would utterly be contemned. </p>
<p><span class="ver">8</span>We have a little sister, and she hath no breasts: what shall we do for our sister in the day when she shalM
l be spoken for? <span class="ver">9</span>If she be a wall, we will build upon her a palace of silver: and if she be a door, we will inclose her with boards of cedar. <span class="ver">10</span>I am a wall, and my breasts like towers: then was I in his eyes as one that found favour. <span class="ver">11</span>Solomon had a vineyard at Baal-hamon; he let out the vineyard unto keepers; every one for the fruit thereof was to bring a thousand pieces of silver. <span class="ver">12</span>My vineyard, which is mine, is M
before me: thou, O Solomon, must have a thousand, and those that keep the fruit thereof two hundred. <span class="ver">13</span>Thou that dwellest in the gardens, the companions hearken to thy voice: cause me to hear it. </p>
<p><span class="ver">14</span>Make haste, my beloved, and be thou like to a roe or to a young hart upon the mountains of spices. </p>
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<title>OBADIAH</title>
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<p><span class="ver">1</span>The vision of Obadiah. Thus saith the Lord GOD concerning Edom; We have heard a rumour from the LORD, and an amM
bassador is sent among the heathen, Arise ye, and let us rise up against her in battle. <span class="ver">2</span>Behold, I have made thee small among the heathen: thou art greatly despised. </p>
<p><span class="ver">3</span>The pride of thine heart hath deceived thee, thou that dwellest in the clefts of the rock, whose habitation is high; that saith in his heart, Who shall bring me down to the ground? <span class="ver">4</span>Though thou exalt thyself as the eagle, and though thou set thy nest among the stars, M
thence will I bring thee down, saith the LORD. <span class="ver">5</span>If thieves came to thee, if robbers by night, (how art thou cut off!) would they not have stolen till they had enough? if the grapegatherers came to thee, would they not leave some grapes? <span class="ver">6</span>How are the things of Esau searched out! how are his hidden things sought up! <span class="ver">7</span>All the men of thy confederacy have brought thee even to the border: the men that were at peace with thee have deceived thee, anM
d prevailed against thee; they that eat thy bread have laid a wound under thee: there is none understanding in him. <span class="ver">8</span>Shall I not in that day, saith the LORD, even destroy the wise men out of Edom, and understanding out of the mount of Esau? <span class="ver">9</span>And thy mighty men, O Teman, shall be dismayed, to the end that every one of the mount of Esau may be cut off by slaughter. </p>
<p><span class="ver">10</span>For thy violence against thy brother Jacob shame shall cover thee, M
and thou shalt be cut off for ever. <span class="ver">11</span>In the day that thou stoodest on the other side, in the day that the strangers carried away captive his forces, and foreigners entered into his gates, and cast lots upon Jerusalem, even thou wast as one of them. <span class="ver">12</span>But thou shouldest not have looked on the day of thy brother in the day that he became a stranger; neither shouldest thou have rejoiced over the children of Judah in the day of their destruction; neither shouldest thouM
have spoken proudly in the day of distress. <span class="ver">13</span>Thou shouldest not have entered into the gate of my people in the day of their calamity; yea, thou shouldest not have looked on their affliction in the day of their calamity, nor have laid hands on their substance in the day of their calamity; <span class="ver">14</span>Neither shouldest thou have stood in the crossway, to cut off those of his that did escape; neither shouldest thou have delivered up those of his that did remain in the day of dM
istress. <span class="ver">15</span>For the day of the LORD is near upon all the heathen: as thou hast done, it shall be done unto thee: thy reward shall return upon thine own head. <span class="ver">16</span>For as ye have drunk upon my holy mountain, so shall all the heathen drink continually, yea, they shall drink, and they shall swallow down, and they shall be as though they had not been. </p>
<p><span class="ver">17</span>But upon mount Zion shall be deliverance, and there shall be holiness; and the house ofM
Jacob shall possess their possessions. <span class="ver">18</span>And the house of Jacob shall be a fire, and the house of Joseph a flame, and the house of Esau for stubble, and they shall kindle in them, and devour them; and there shall not be any remaining of the house of Esau; for the LORD hath spoken it. <span class="ver">19</span>And they of the south shall possess the mount of Esau; and they of the plain the Philistines: and they shall possess the fields of Ephraim, and the fields of Samaria: and Benjamin shM
all possess Gilead. <span class="ver">20</span>And the captivity of this host of the children of Israel shall possess that of the Canaanites, even unto Zarephath; and the captivity of Jerusalem, which is in Sepharad, shall possess the cities of the south. <span class="ver">21</span>And saviours shall come up on mount Zion to judge the mount of Esau; and the kingdom shall be the LORD
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fnord WebM for Premiere, built Jun 1 2022
fnord WebM for Premiere, built Jun 1 2022
fnord WebM for Premiere, built Jun 1 2022
fnord WebM for Premiere, built Jun 1 2022
fnord WebM for Premiere, built Jun 1 2022
fnord WebM for Premiere, built Jun 1 2022
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fnord WebM for Premiere, built Jun 1 2022
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THE ART OF MONEY GETTING
GOLDEN RULES FOR MAKING MONEY
In the United States, where we have more land than people, it is not
at all difficult for persons in good health to make money. In this
comparatively new field there are so many avenues of success open, so
many vocations which are not crowded, that any person of either sex who
is willing, at least for the time being, to engage in any respectable
occupation that offers, may find lucrative employment.
desire to attain an independence, have only to set
their minds upon it, and adopt the proper means, as they do in regard to
any other object which they wish to accomplish, and the thing is easily
done. But however easy it may be found to make money, I have no doubt
many of my hearers will agree it is the most difficult thing in the
world to keep it. The road to wealth is, as Dr. Franklin truly says,
"as plain as the road to the mill." It consists simply in expending less
than we earn; that seems to be a verM
y simple problem. Mr. Micawber,
one of those happy creations of the genial Dickens, puts the case in a
strong light when he says that to have annual income of twenty pounds
per annum, and spend twenty pounds and sixpence, is to be the most
miserable of men; whereas, to have an income of only twenty pounds, and
spend but nineteen pounds and sixpence is to be the happiest of mortals.
Many of my readers may say, "we understand this: this is economy, and we
know economy is wealth; we know we can't eat our cake aM
Yet I beg to say that perhaps more cases of failure arise from mistakes
on this point than almost any other. The fact is, many people think they
understand economy when they really do not.
True economy is misapprehended, and people go through life without
properly comprehending what that principle is. One says, "I have an
income of so much, and here is my neighbor who has the same; yet every
year he gets something ahead and I fall short; why is it? I know all
about economy." He thinks heM
does, but he does not. There are men who
think that economy consists in saving cheese-parings and candle-ends,
in cutting off two pence from the laundress' bill and doing all sorts of
little, mean, dirty things. Economy is not meanness. The misfortune is,
also, that this class of persons let their economy apply in only one
direction. They fancy they are so wonderfully economical in saving a
half-penny where they ought to spend twopence, that they think they can
afford to squander in other directions. A few M
years ago, before kerosene
oil was discovered or thought of, one might stop overnight at almost any
farmer's house in the agricultural districts and get a very good supper,
but after supper he might attempt to read in the sitting-room, and
would find it impossible with the inefficient light of one candle. The
hostess, seeing his dilemma, would say: "It is rather difficult to read
here evenings; the proverb says 'you must have a ship at sea in order
to be able to burn two candles at once;' we never have an exM
except on extra occasions." These extra occasions occur, perhaps, twice
a year. In this way the good woman saves five, six, or ten dollars in
that time: but the information which might be derived from having the
extra light would, of course, far outweigh a ton of candles.
But the trouble does not end here. Feeling that she is so economical
in tallow candies, she thinks she can afford to go frequently to the
village and spend twenty or thirty dollars for ribbons and furbelows,
not necessary. This false connote may frequently
be seen in men of business, and in those instances it often runs to
writing-paper. You find good businessmen who save all the old envelopes
and scraps, and would not tear a new sheet of paper, if they could avoid
it, for the world. This is all very well; they may in this way save five
or ten dollars a year, but being so economical (only in note paper),
they think they can afford to waste time; to have expensive parties,
and to drive their carriages. This is anM
illustration of Dr. Franklin's
"saving at the spigot and wasting at the bung-hole;" "penny wise and
pound foolish." Punch in speaking of this "one idea" class of people
says "they are like the man who bought a penny herring for his family's
dinner and then hired a coach and four to take it home." I never knew a
man to succeed by practising this kind of economy.
True economy consists in always making the income exceed the out-go.
Wear the old clothes a little longer if necessary; dispense with the new
r of gloves; mend the old dress: live on plainer food if need be; so
that, under all circumstances, unless some unforeseen accident occurs,
there will be a margin in favor of the income. A penny here, and a
dollar there, placed at interest, goes on accumulating, and in this way
the desired result is attained. It requires some training, perhaps, to
accomplish this economy, but when once used to it, you will find there
is more satisfaction in rational saving than in irrational spending.
Here is a recipe which M
I recommend: I have found it to work an excellent
cure for extravagance, and especially for mistaken economy: When you
find that you have no surplus at the end of the year, and yet have a
good income, I advise you to take a few sheets of paper and form them
into a book and mark down every item of expenditure. Post it every day
or week in two columns, one headed "necessaries" or even "comforts", and
the other headed "luxuries," and you will find that the latter column
will be double, treble, and frequently teM
n times greater than the
former. The real comforts of life cost but a small portion of what most
of us can earn. Dr. Franklin says "it is the eyes of others and not
our own eyes which ruin us. If all the world were blind except myself I
should not care for fine clothes or furniture." It is the fear of what
Mrs. Grundy may say that keeps the noses of many worthy families to the
grindstone. In America many persons like to repeat "we are all free and
equal," but it is a great mistake in more senses than one.
That we are born "free and equal" is a glorious truth in one sense, yet
we are not all born equally rich, and we never shall be. One may say;
"there is a man who has an income of fifty thousand dollars per annum,
while I have but one thousand dollars; I knew that fellow when he was
poor like myself; now he is rich and thinks he is better than I am; I
will show him that I am as good as he is; I will go and buy a horse and
buggy; no, I cannot do that, but I will go and hire one and ride this
same road that he does, and thus prove to him that I am
My friend, you need not take that trouble; you can easily prove that you
are "as good as he is;" you have only to behave as well as he does; but
you cannot make anybody believe that you are rich as he is. Besides, if
you put on these "airs," add waste your time and spend your money, your
poor wife will be obliged to scrub her fingers off at home, and buy her
tea two ounces at a time, and everything else in proportion, in order
you may keep up "appearances," and, after all, deceive nobody. On
the other hand, Mrs. Smith may say that her next-door neighbor
married Johnson for his money, and "everybody says so." She has a nice
one-thousand dollar camel's hair shawl, and she will make Smith get her
an imitation one, and she will sit in a pew right next to her neighbor
in church, in order to prove that she is her equal.
My good woman, you will not get ahead in the world, if your vanity and
envy thus take the lead. In this country, whM
ere we believe the majority
ought to rule, we ignore that principle in regard to fashion, and let
a handful of people, calling themselves the aristocracy, run up a false
standard of perfection, and in endeavoring to rise to that standard, we
constantly keep ourselves poor; all the time digging away for the sake
of outside appearances. How much wiser to be a "law unto ourselves" and
say, "we will regulate our out-go by our income, and lay up something
for a rainy day." People ought to be as sensible on the suM
money-getting as on any other subject. Like causes produces like
effects. You cannot accumulate a fortune by taking the road that leads
to poverty. It needs no prophet to tell us that those who live fully up
to their means, without any thought of a reverse in this life, can never
attain a pecuniary independence.
Men and women accustomed to gratify every whim and caprice, will find it
hard, at first, to cut down their various unnecessary expenses, and will
feel it a great self-denial to live in a M
smaller house than they have
been accustomed to, with less expensive furniture, less company, less
costly clothing, fewer servants, a less number of balls, parties,
theater-goings, carriage-ridings, pleasure excursions, cigar-smokings,
liquor-drinkings, and other extravagances; but, after all, if they will
try the plan of laying by a "nest-egg," or, in other words, a small
sum of money, at interest or judiciously invested in land, they will be
surprised at the pleasure to be derived from constantly adding toM
little "pile," as well as from all the economical habits which are
engendered by this course.
The old suit of clothes, and the old bonnet and dress, will answer for
another season; the Croton or spring water taste better than champagne;
a cold bath and a brisk walk will prove more exhilarating than a ride
in the finest coach; a social chat, an evening's reading in the family
circle, or an hour's play of "hunt the slipper" and "blind man's buff"
will be far more pleasant than a fifty or five hundredM
when the reflection on the difference in cost is indulged in by those
who begin to know the pleasures of saving. Thousands of men are kept
poor, and tens of thousands are made so after they have acquired quite
sufficient to support them well through life, in consequence of laying
their plans of living on too broad a platform. Some families expend
twenty thousand dollars per annum, and some much more, and would
scarcely know how to live on less, while others secure more solid
tly on a twentieth part of that amount. Prosperity is
a more severe ordeal than adversity, especially sudden prosperity.
"Easy come, easy go," is an old and true proverb. A spirit of pride and
vanity, when permitted to have full sway, is the undying canker-worm
which gnaws the very vitals of a man's worldly possessions, let them be
small or great, hundreds, or millions. Many persons, as they begin
to prosper, immediately expand their ideas and commence expending for
luxuries, until in a short time their expeM
nses swallow up their
income, and they become ruined in their ridiculous attempts to keep up
appearances, and make a "sensation."
I know a gentleman of fortune who says, that when he first began to
prosper, his wife would have a new and elegant sofa. "That sofa," he
says, "cost me thirty thousand dollars!" When the sofa reached the
house, it was found necessary to get chairs to match; then side-boards,
carpets and tables "to correspond" with them, and so on through the
entire stock of furniture; when at lM
ast it was found that the house
itself was quite too small and old-fashioned for the furniture, and a
new one was built to correspond with the new purchases; "thus," added my
friend, "summing up an outlay of thirty thousand dollars, caused by that
single sofa, and saddling on me, in the shape of servants, equipage, and
the necessary expenses attendant upon keeping up a fine 'establishment,'
a yearly outlay of eleven thousand dollars, and a tight pinch at that:
whereas, ten years ago, we lived with much more M
real comfort, because
with much less care, on as many hundreds. The truth is," he continued,
"that sofa would have brought me to inevitable bankruptcy, had not a
most unexampled title to prosperity kept me above it, and had I not
checked the natural desire to 'cut a dash'."
The foundation of success in life is good health: that is the substratum
fortune; it is also the basis of happiness. A person cannot accumulate a
fortune very well when he is sick. He has no ambition; no incentive; no
there are those who have bad health and cannot help
it: you cannot expect that such persons can accumulate wealth, but there
are a great many in poor health who need not be so.
If, then, sound health is the foundation of success and happiness in
life, how important it is that we should study the laws of health, which
is but another expression for the laws of nature! The nearer we keep to
the laws of nature, the nearer we are to good health, and yet how many
persons there are who pay no attention to naturaM
l laws, but absolutely
transgress them, even against their own natural inclination. We ought
to know that the "sin of ignorance" is never winked at in regard to the
violation of nature's laws; their infraction always brings the penalty.
A child may thrust its finger into the flames without knowing it will
burn, and so suffers, repentance, even, will not stop the smart. Many of
our ancestors knew very little about the principle of ventilation. They
did not know much about oxygen, whatever other "gin" they migM
been acquainted with; and consequently they built their houses with
little seven-by-nine feet bedrooms, and these good old pious Puritans
would lock themselves up in one of these cells, say their prayers and
go to bed. In the morning they would devoutly return thanks for the
"preservation of their lives," during the night, and nobody had better
reason to be thankful. Probably some big crack in the window, or in the
door, let in a little fresh air, and thus saved them.
Many persons knowingly violatM
e the laws of nature against their better
impulses, for the sake of fashion. For instance, there is one thing
that nothing living except a vile worm ever naturally loved, and that
is tobacco; yet how many persons there are who deliberately train an
unnatural appetite, and overcome this implanted aversion for tobacco,
to such a degree that they get to love it. They have got hold of a
poisonous, filthy weed, or rather that takes a firm hold of them. Here
are married men who run about spitting tobacco juice on M
floors, and sometimes even upon their wives besides. They do not kick
their wives out of doors like drunken men, but their wives, I have
no doubt, often wish they were outside of the house. Another perilous
feature is that this artificial appetite, like jealousy, "grows by what
it feeds on;" when you love that which is unnatural, a stronger appetite
is created for the hurtful thing than the natural desire for what is
harmless. There is an old proverb which says that "habit is second
but an artificial habit is stronger than nature. Take for
instance, an old tobacco-chewer; his love for the "quid" is stronger
than his love for any particular kind of food. He can give up roast beef
easier than give up the weed.
Young lads regret that they are not men; they would like to go to bed
boys and wake up men; and to accomplish this they copy the bad habits of
their seniors. Little Tommy and Johnny see their fathers or uncles smoke
a pipe, and they say, "If I could only do that, I would be a man M
uncle John has gone out and left his pipe of tobacco, let us try it."
They take a match and light it, and then puff away. "We will learn to
smoke; do you like it Johnny?" That lad dolefully replies: "Not very
much; it tastes bitter;" by and by he grows pale, but he persists and he
soon offers up a sacrifice on the altar of fashion; but the boys stick
to it and persevere until at last they conquer their natural appetites
and become the victims of acquired tastes.
I speak "by the book," for I have notiM
ced its effects on myself, having
gone so far as to smoke ten or fifteen cigars a day; although I have not
used the weed during the last fourteen years, and never shall again.
The more a man smokes, the more he craves smoking; the last cigar smoked
simply excites the desire for another, and so on incessantly.
Take the tobacco-chewer. In the morning, when he gets up, he puts a quid
in his mouth and keeps it there all day, never taking it out except to
exchange it for a fresh one, or when he is going to eat;M
intervals during the day and evening, many a chewer takes out the quid
and holds it in his hand long enough to take a drink, and then pop it
goes back again. This simply proves that the appetite for rum is even
stronger than that for tobacco. When the tobacco-chewer goes to your
country seat and you show him your grapery and fruit house, and the
beauties of your garden, when you offer him some fresh, ripe fruit, and
say, "My friend, I have got here the most delicious apples, and pears,
hes, and apricots; I have imported them from Spain, France and
Italy--just see those luscious grapes; there is nothing more delicious
nor more healthy than ripe fruit, so help yourself; I want to see you
delight yourself with these things;" he will roll the dear quid under
his tongue and answer, "No, I thank you, I have got tobacco in my
mouth." His palate has become narcotized by the noxious weed, and he has
lost, in a great measure, the delicate and enviable taste for fruits.
This shows what expensive, useM
less and injurious habits men will get
into. I speak from experience. I have smoked until I trembled like an
aspen leaf, the blood rushed to my head, and I had a palpitation of the
heart which I thought was heart disease, till I was almost killed
with fright. When I consulted my physician, he said "break off tobacco
using." I was not only injuring my health and spending a great deal of
money, but I was setting a bad example. I obeyed his counsel. No young
man in the world ever looked so beautiful, as he thouM
a fifteen cent cigar or a meerschaum!
These remarks apply with tenfold force to the use of intoxicating
drinks. To make money, requires a clear brain. A man has got to see that
two and two make four; he must lay all his plans with reflection and
forethought, and closely examine all the details and the ins and outs
of business. As no man can succeed in business unless he has a brain to
enable him to lay his plans, and reason to guide him in their execution,
so, no matter how bountifully M
a man may be blessed with intelligence, if
the brain is muddled, and his judgment warped by intoxicating drinks, it
is impossible for him to carry on business successfully. How many good
opportunities have passed, never to return, while a man was sipping a
"social glass," with his friend! How many foolish bargains have been
made under the influence of the "nervine," which temporarily makes its
victim think he is rich. How many important chances have been put off
until to-morrow, and then forever, because theM
wine cup has thrown the
system into a state of lassitude, neutralizing the energies so
essential to success in business. Verily, "wine is a mocker." The use of
intoxicating drinks as a beverage, is as much an infatuation, as is the
smoking of opium by the Chinese, and the former is quite as destructive
to the success of the business man as the latter. It is an unmitigated
evil, utterly indefensible in the light of philosophy; religion or good
sense. It is the parent of nearly every other evil in our countryM
DON'T MISTAKE YOUR VOCATION
The safest plan, and the one most sure of success for the young man
starting in life, is to select the vocation which is most congenial
to his tastes. Parents and guardians are often quite too negligent in
regard to this. It very common for a father to say, for example: "I have
five boys. I will make Billy a clergyman; John a lawyer; Tom a doctor,
and Dick a farmer." He then goes into town and looks about to see
what he will do with Sammy. He returns home and says "SaM
watch-making is a nice genteel business; I think I will make you a
goldsmith." He does this, regardless of Sam's natural inclinations, or
We are all, no doubt, born for a wise purpose. There is as much
diversity in our brains as in our countenances. Some are born natural
mechanics, while some have great aversion to machinery. Let a dozen boys
of ten years get together, and you will soon observe two or three are
"whittling" out some ingenious device; working with locks or complicated
chinery. When they were but five years old, their father could find
no toy to please them like a puzzle. They are natural mechanics; but
the other eight or nine boys have different aptitudes. I belong to
the latter class; I never had the slightest love for mechanism; on the
contrary, I have a sort of abhorrence for complicated machinery. I never
had ingenuity enough to whittle a cider tap so it would not leak.
I never could make a pen that I could write with, or understand the
principle of a steam engine. IfM
a man was to take such a boy as I
was, and attempt to make a watchmaker of him, the boy might, after an
apprenticeship of five or seven years, be able to take apart and put
together a watch; but all through life he would be working up hill and
seizing every excuse for leaving his work and idling away his time.
Watchmaking is repulsive to him.
Unless a man enters upon the vocation intended for him by nature, and
best suited to his peculiar genius, he cannot succeed. I am glad to
believe that the majority M
of persons do find their right vocation. Yet
we see many who have mistaken their calling, from the blacksmith up (or
down) to the clergyman. You will see, for instance, that extraordinary
linguist the "learned blacksmith," who ought to have been a teacher of
languages; and you may have seen lawyers, doctors and clergymen who were
better fitted by nature for the anvil or the lapstone.
SELECT THE RIGHT LOCATION
After securing the right vocation, you must be careful to select the
proper location. YouM
may have been cut out for a hotel keeper, and
they say it requires a genius to "know how to keep a hotel." You might
conduct a hotel like clock-work, and provide satisfactorily for five
hundred guests every day; yet, if you should locate your house in a
small village where there is no railroad communication or public travel,
the location would be your ruin. It is equally important that you do not
commence business where there are already enough to meet all demands in
the same occupation. I remember a case wM
hich illustrates this subject.
When I was in London in 1858, I was passing down Holborn with an English
friend and came to the "penny shows." They had immense cartoons outside,
portraying the wonderful curiosities to be seen "all for a penny." Being
a little in the "show line" myself, I said "let us go in here." We
soon found ourselves in the presence of the illustrious showman, and he
proved to be the sharpest man in that line I had ever met. He told
us some extraordinary stories in reference to his beardedM
Albinos, and his Armadillos, which we could hardly believe, but thought
it "better to believe it than look after the proof'." He finally begged
to call our attention to some wax statuary, and showed us a lot of the
dirtiest and filthiest wax figures imaginable. They looked as if they
had not seen water since the Deluge.
"What is there so wonderful about your statuary?" I asked.
"I beg you not to speak so satirically," he replied, "Sir, these are
not Madam Tussaud's wax figures, all covered M
with gilt and tinsel and
imitation diamonds, and copied from engravings and photographs. Mine,
sir, were taken from life. Whenever you look upon one of those figures,
you may consider that you are looking upon the living individual."
Glancing casually at them, I saw one labeled "Henry VIII," and feeling a
little curious upon seeing that it looked like Calvin Edson, the living
skeleton, I said: "Do you call that 'Henry the Eighth?'" He replied,
"Certainly; sir; it was taken from life at Hampton Court, by spM
order of his majesty; on such a day."
He would have given the hour of the day if I had resisted; I said,
"Everybody knows that 'Henry VIII.' was a great stout old king, and that
figure is lean and lank; what do you say to that?"
"Why," he replied, "you would be lean and lank yourself if you sat there
There was no resisting such arguments. I said to my English friend, "Let
us go out; do not tell him who I am; I show the white feather; he beats
He followed us to the doM
or, and seeing the rabble in the street, he
called out, "ladies and gentlemen, I beg to draw your attention to the
respectable character of my visitors," pointing to us as we walked away.
I called upon him a couple of days afterwards; told him who I was, and
"My friend, you are an excellent showman, but you have selected a bad
He replied, "This is true, sir; I feel that all my talents are thrown
away; but what can I do?"
"You can go to America," I replied. "You can give full play to M
faculties over there; you will find plenty of elbowroom in America; I
will engage you for two years; after that you will be able to go on your
He accepted my offer and remained two years in my New York Museum. He
then went to New Orleans and carried on a traveling show business during
the summer. To-day he is worth sixty thousand dollars, simply because
he selected the right vocation and also secured the proper location. The
old proverb says, "Three removes are as bad as a fire," but whM
is in the fire, it matters but little how soon or how often he removes.
Young men starting in life should avoid running into debt. There is
scarcely anything that drags a person down like debt. It is a slavish
position to get in, yet we find many a young man, hardly out of his
"teens," running in debt. He meets a chum and says, "Look at this: I
have got trusted for a new suit of clothes." He seems to look upon the
clothes as so much given to him; well, it frequently is so, but,M
succeeds in paying and then gets trusted again, he is adopting a habit
which will keep him in poverty through life. Debt robs a man of his
self-respect, and makes him almost despise himself. Grunting and
groaning and working for what he has eaten up or worn out, and now when
he is called upon to pay up, he has nothing to show for his money;
this is properly termed "working for a dead horse." I do not speak of
merchants buying and selling on credit, or of those who buy on credit
in order to turn the pM
urchase to a profit. The old Quaker said to his
farmer son, "John, never get trusted; but if thee gets trusted for
anything, let it be for 'manure,' because that will help thee pay it
Mr. Beecher advised young men to get in debt if they could to a small
amount in the purchase of land, in the country districts. "If a young
man," he says, "will only get in debt for some land and then get
married, these two things will keep him straight, or nothing will." This
may be safe to a limited extent, buM
t getting in debt for what you eat
and drink and wear is to be avoided. Some families have a foolish habit
of getting credit at "the stores," and thus frequently purchase many
things which might have been dispensed with.
It is all very well to say; "I have got trusted for sixty days, and if I
don't have the money the creditor will think nothing about it." There
is no class of people in the world, who have such good memories as
creditors. When the sixty days run out, you will have to pay. If you
, you will break your promise, and probably resort to a
falsehood. You may make some excuse or get in debt elsewhere to pay it,
but that only involves you the deeper.
A good-looking, lazy young fellow, was the apprentice boy, Horatio. His
employer said, "Horatio, did you ever see a snail?" "I--think--I--have,"
he drawled out. "You must have met him then, for I am sure you never
overtook one," said the "boss." Your creditor will meet you or overtake
you and say, "Now, my young friend, you agreed to pay me; M
done it, you must give me your note." You give the note on interest and
it commences working against you; "it is a dead horse." The creditor
goes to bed at night and wakes up in the morning better off than when he
retired to bed, because his interest has increased during the night, but
you grow poorer while you are sleeping, for the interest is accumulating
Money is in some respects like fire; it is a very excellent servant
but a terrible master. When you have it mastering you; wM
is constantly piling up against you, it will keep you down in the worst
kind of slavery. But let money work for you, and you have the most
devoted servant in the world. It is no "eye-servant." There is nothing
animate or inanimate that will work so faithfully as money when placed
at interest, well secured. It works night and day, and in wet or dry
I was born in the blue-law State of Connecticut, where the old Puritans
had laws so rigid that it was said, "they fined a man for kissing M
wife on Sunday." Yet these rich old Puritans would have thousands of
dollars at interest, and on Saturday night would be worth a certain
amount; on Sunday they would go to church and perform all the duties of
a Christian. On waking up on Monday morning, they would find themselves
considerably richer than the Saturday night previous, simply because
their money placed at interest had worked faithfully for them all day
Sunday, according to law!
Do not let it work against you; if you do there is no chanceM
in life so far as money is concerned. John Randolph, the eccentric
Virginian, once exclaimed in Congress, "Mr. Speaker, I have discovered
the philosopher's stone: pay as you go." This is, indeed, nearer to the
philosopher's stone than any alchemist has ever yet arrived.
When a man is in the right path, he must persevere. I speak of this
because there are some persons who are "born tired;" naturally lazy and
possessing no self-reliance and no perseverance. But they can cultivM
these qualities, as Davy Crockett said:
"This thing remember, when I am dead: Be sure you are right, then go
It is this go-aheaditiveness, this determination not to let the
"horrors" or the "blues" take possession of you, so as to make you
relax your energies in the struggle for independence, which you must
How many have almost reached the goal of their ambition, but, losing
faith in themselves, have relaxed their energies, and the golden prize
has been lost forever.
no doubt, often true, as Shakespeare says:
"There is a tide in the affairs of men, Which, taken at the flood, leads
If you hesitate, some bolder hand will stretch out before you and get
the prize. Remember the proverb of Solomon: "He becometh poor that
dealeth with a slack hand; but the hand of the diligent maketh rich."
Perseverance is sometimes but another word for self-reliance. Many
persons naturally look on the dark side of life, and borrow trouble.
They are born so. Then they asM
k for advice, and they will be governed
by one wind and blown by another, and cannot rely upon themselves. Until
you can get so that you can rely upon yourself, you need not expect to
I have known men, personally, who have met with pecuniary reverses,
and absolutely committed suicide, because they thought they could never
overcome their misfortune. But I have known others who have met more
serious financial difficulties, and have bridged them over by simple
perseverance, aided by a firm belief thM
at they were doing justly, and
that Providence would "overcome evil with good." You will see this
illustrated in any sphere of life.
Take two generals; both understand military tactics, both educated at
West Point, if you please, both equally gifted; yet one, having this
principle of perseverance, and the other lacking it, the former will
succeed in his profession, while the latter will fail. One may hear the
cry, "the enemy are coming, and they have got cannon."
"Got cannon?" says the hesitating generaM
"Then halt every man."
He wants time to reflect; his hesitation is his ruin; the enemy passes
unmolested, or overwhelms him; while on the other hand, the general of
pluck, perseverance and self-reliance, goes into battle with a will,
and, amid the clash of arms, the booming of cannon, the shrieks of the
wounded, and the moans of the dying, you will see this man persevering,
going on, cutting and slashing his way through with unwavering
determination, inspiring his soldiers to deeds of fortiM
WHATEVER YOU DO, DO IT WITH ALL YOUR MIGHT
Work at it, if necessary, early and late, in season and out of season,
not leaving a stone unturned, and never deferring for a single hour that
which can be done just as well now. The old proverb is full of truth and
meaning, "Whatever is worth doing at all, is worth doing well." Many
a man acquires a fortune by doing his business thoroughly, while his
neighbor remains poor for life, because he only half does it. Ambition,
y, industry, perseverance, are indispensable requisites for success
Fortune always favors the brave, and never helps a man who does not help
himself. It won't do to spend your time like Mr. Micawber, in waiting
for something to "turn up." To such men one of two things usually "turns
up:" the poorhouse or the jail; for idleness breeds bad habits, and
clothes a man in rags. The poor spendthrift vagabond says to a rich man:
"I have discovered there is enough money in the world for all of us,
f it was equally divided; this must be done, and we shall all be happy
"But," was the response, "if everybody was like you, it would be spent
in two months, and what would you do then?"
"Oh! divide again; keep dividing, of course!"
I was recently reading in a London paper an account of a like
philosophic pauper who was kicked out of a cheap boarding-house because
he could not pay his bill, but he had a roll of papers sticking out
of his coat pocket, which, upon examination, proved to be hisM
paying off the national debt of England without the aid of a penny.
People have got to do as Cromwell said: "not only trust in Providence,
but keep the powder dry." Do your part of the work, or you cannot
succeed. Mahomet, one night, while encamping in the desert, overheard
one of his fatigued followers remark: "I will loose my camel, and trust
it to God!" "No, no, not so," said the prophet, "tie thy camel, and
trust it to God!" Do all you can for yourselves, and then trust to
Providence, or luck,M
or whatever you please to call it, for the rest.
DEPEND UPON YOUR OWN PERSONAL EXERTIONS.
The eye of the employer is often worth more than the hands of a dozen
employees. In the nature of things, an agent cannot be so faithful to
his employer as to himself. Many who are employers will call to mind
instances where the best employees have overlooked important points
which could not have escaped their own observation as a proprietor. No
man has a right to expect to succeed in life unless he understands hisM
business, and nobody can understand his business thoroughly unless
he learns it by personal application and experience. A man may be a
manufacturer: he has got to learn the many details of his business
personally; he will learn something every day, and he will find he will
make mistakes nearly every day. And these very mistakes are helps to
him in the way of experiences if he but heeds them. He will be like
the Yankee tin-peddler, who, having been cheated as to quality in
the purchase of his merchandise, sM
aid: "All right, there's a little
information to be gained every day; I will never be cheated in that way
again." Thus a man buys his experience, and it is the best kind if not
purchased at too dear a rate.
I hold that every man should, like Cuvier, the French naturalist,
thoroughly know his business. So proficient was he in the study of
natural history, that you might bring to him the bone, or even a section
of a bone of an animal which he had never seen described, and, reasoning
from analogy, he would bM
e able to draw a picture of the object from
which the bone had been taken. On one occasion his students attempted to
deceive him. They rolled one of their number in a cow skin and put him
under the professor's table as a new specimen. When the philosopher
came into the room, some of the students asked him what animal it was.
Suddenly the animal said "I am the devil and I am going to eat you." It
was but natural that Cuvier should desire to classify this creature, and
examining it intently, he said:
ed hoof; graminivorous! It cannot be done."
He knew that an animal with a split hoof must live upon grass and grain,
or other kind of vegetation, and would not be inclined to eat flesh,
dead or alive, so he considered himself perfectly safe. The possession
of a perfect knowledge of your business is an absolute necessity in
order to insure success.
Among the maxims of the elder Rothschild was one, all apparent paradox:
"Be cautious and bold." This seems to be a contradiction in terms, but
there is great wisdom in the maxim. It is, in fact, a
condensed statement of what I have already said. It is to say; "you must
exercise your caution in laying your plans, but be bold in carrying
them out." A man who is all caution, will never dare to take hold and be
successful; and a man who is all boldness, is merely reckless, and
must eventually fail. A man may go on "'change" and make fifty, or
one hundred thousand dollars in speculating in stocks, at a single
operation. But if he has simple boldness witM
hout caution, it is mere
chance, and what he gains to-day he will lose to-morrow. You must have
both the caution and the boldness, to insure success.
The Rothschilds have another maxim: "Never have anything to do with an
unlucky man or place." That is to say, never have anything to do with a
man or place which never succeeds, because, although a man may appear to
be honest and intelligent, yet if he tries this or that thing and always
fails, it is on account of some fault or infirmity that you may not be
able to discover but nevertheless which must exist.
There is no such thing in the world as luck. There never was a man who
could go out in the morning and find a purse full of gold in the street
to-day, and another to-morrow, and so on, day after day: He may do so
once in his life; but so far as mere luck is concerned, he is as liable
to lose it as to find it. "Like causes produce like effects." If a man
adopts the proper methods to be successful, "luck" will not prevent him.
If he does not succeed, there M
are reasons for it, although, perhaps, he
may not be able to see them.
Men in engaging employees should be careful to get the best. Understand,
you cannot have too good tools to work with, and there is no tool you
should be so particular about as living tools. If you get a good one,
it is better to keep him, than keep changing. He learns something every
day; and you are benefited by the experience he acquires. He is worth
more to you this year than last, and he is the last man tM
provided his habits are good, and he continues faithful. If, as he
gets more valuable, he demands an exorbitant increase of salary; on the
supposition that you can't do without him, let him go. Whenever I have
such an employee, I always discharge him; first, to convince him that
his place may be supplied, and second, because he is good for nothing if
he thinks he is invaluable and cannot be spared.
But I would keep him, if possible, in order to profit from the result
of his experience. An impM
ortant element in an employee is the brain. You
can see bills up, "Hands Wanted," but "hands" are not worth a great deal
without "heads." Mr. Beecher illustrates this, in this wise:
An employee offers his services by saving, "I have a pair of hands
and one of my fingers thinks." "That is very good," says the employer.
Another man comes along, and says "he has two fingers that think." "Ah!
that is better." But a third calls in and says that "all his fingers and
thumbs think." That is better still. Finally aM
nother steps in and says,
"I have a brain that thinks; I think all over; I am a thinking as
well as a working man!" "You are the man I want," says the delighted
Those men who have brains and experience are therefore the most valuable
and not to be readily parted with; it is better for them, as well as
yourself, to keep them, at reasonable advances in their salaries from
DON'T GET ABOVE YOUR BUSINESS
Young men after they get through their business training, or
ship, instead of pursuing their avocation and rising in their
business, will often lie about doing nothing. They say; "I have learned
my business, but I am not going to be a hireling; what is the object of
learning my trade or profession, unless I establish myself?'"
"Have you capital to start with?"
"No, but I am going to have it."
"How are you going to get it?"
"I will tell you confidentially; I have a wealthy old aunt, and she will
die pretty soon; but if she does not, I expect to find some rich M
who will lend me a few thousands to give me a start. If I only get the
money to start with I will do well."
There is no greater mistake than when a young man believes he will
succeed with borrowed money. Why? Because every man's experience
coincides with that of Mr. Astor, who said, "it was more difficult for
him to accumulate his first thousand dollars, than all the succeeding
millions that made up his colossal fortune." Money is good for nothing
unless you know the value of it by experience. GivM
thousand dollars and put him in business, and the chances are that he
will lose every dollar of it before he is a year older. Like buying a
ticket in the lottery; and drawing a prize, it is "easy come, easy go."
He does not know the value of it; nothing is worth anything, unless
it costs effort. Without self-denial and economy; patience and
perseverance, and commencing with capital which you have not earned, you
are not sure to succeed in accumulating. Young men, instead of "waiting
men's shoes," should be up and doing, for there is no class of
persons who are so unaccommodating in regard to dying as these rich old
people, and it is fortunate for the expectant heirs that it is so. Nine
out of ten of the rich men of our country to-day, started out in life
as poor boys, with determined wills, industry, perseverance, economy and
good habits. They went on gradually, made their own money and saved it;
and this is the best way to acquire a fortune. Stephen Girard started
life as a poor cabin M
boy, and died worth nine million dollars. A.T.
Stewart was a poor Irish boy; and he paid taxes on a million and a half
dollars of income, per year. John Jacob Astor was a poor farmer boy,
and died worth twenty millions. Cornelius Vanderbilt began life rowing a
boat from Staten Island to New York; he presented our government with
a steamship worth a million of dollars, and died worth fifty million.
"There is no royal road to learning," says the proverb, and I may say it
is equally true, "there is no royal roaM
d to wealth." But I think there
is a royal road to both. The road to learning is a royal one; the road
that enables the student to expand his intellect and add every day to
his stock of knowledge, until, in the pleasant process of intellectual
growth, he is able to solve the most profound problems, to count the
stars, to analyze every atom of the globe, and to measure the firmament
this is a regal highway, and it is the only road worth traveling.
So in regard to wealth. Go on in confidence, study the rulesM
all things, study human nature; for "the proper study of mankind is
man," and you will find that while expanding the intellect and
the muscles, your enlarged experience will enable you every day to
accumulate more and more principal, which will increase itself by
interest and otherwise, until you arrive at a state of independence. You
will find, as a general thing, that the poor boys get rich and the rich
boys get poor. For instance, a rich man at his decease, leaves a large
estate to his familyM
. His eldest sons, who have helped him earn his
fortune, know by experience the value of money; and they take their
inheritance and add to it. The separate portions of the young children
are placed at interest, and the little fellows are patted on the head,
and told a dozen times a day, "you are rich; you will never have to
work, you can always have whatever you wish, for you were born with a
golden spoon in your mouth." The young heir soon finds out what that
means; he has the finest dresses and playthings;M
sugar candies and almost "killed with kindness," and he passes from
school to school, petted and flattered. He becomes arrogant and
self-conceited, abuses his teachers, and carries everything with a high
hand. He knows nothing of the real value of money, having never earned
any; but he knows all about the "golden spoon" business. At college, he
invites his poor fellow-students to his room, where he "wines and dines"
them. He is cajoled and caressed, and called a glorious good follow,
ause he is so lavish of his money. He gives his game suppers, drives
his fast horses, invites his chums to fetes and parties, determined
to have lots of "good times." He spends the night in frolics and
debauchery, and leads off his companions with the familiar song, "we
won't go home till morning." He gets them to join him in pulling down
signs, taking gates from their hinges and throwing them into back yards
and horse-ponds. If the police arrest them, he knocks them down, is
taken to the lockup, and joyfullM
"Ah! my boys," he cries, "what is the use of being rich, if you can't
He might more truly say, "if you can't make a fool of yourself;" but
he is "fast," hates slow things, and doesn't "see it." Young men loaded
down with other people's money are almost sure to lose all they inherit,
and they acquire all sorts of bad habits which, in the majority of
cases, ruin them in health, purse and character. In this country, one
generation follows another, and the poor of to-day M
next generation, or the third. Their experience leads them on, and they
become rich, and they leave vast riches to their young children. These
children, having been reared in luxury, are inexperienced and get poor;
and after long experience another generation comes on and gathers up
riches again in turn. And thus "history repeats itself," and happy is he
who by listening to the experience of others avoids the rocks and shoals
on which so many have been wrecked.
"In England, the business maM
kes the man." If a man in that country is
a mechanic or working-man, he is not recognized as a gentleman. On
the occasion of my first appearance before Queen Victoria, the Duke of
Wellington asked me what sphere in life General Tom Thumb's parents were
"His father is a carpenter," I replied.
"Oh! I had heard he was a gentleman," was the response of His Grace.
In this Republican country, the man makes the business. No matter
whether he is a blacksmith, a shoemaker, a farmer, banker or lawyer,
ong as his business is legitimate, he may be a gentleman. So any
"legitimate" business is a double blessing it helps the man engaged in
it, and also helps others. The Farmer supports his own family, but he
also benefits the merchant or mechanic who needs the products of his
farm. The tailor not only makes a living by his trade, but he also
benefits the farmer, the clergyman and others who cannot make their own
clothing. But all these classes often may be gentlemen.
The great ambition should be to excel allM
others engaged in the same
The college-student who was about graduating, said to an old lawyer:
"I have not yet decided which profession I will follow. Is your
"The basement is much crowded, but there is plenty of room up-stairs,"
was the witty and truthful reply.
No profession, trade, or calling, is overcrowded in the upper story.
Wherever you find the most honest and intelligent merchant or banker,
or the best lawyer, the best doctor, the best clergyman, the best
hoemaker, carpenter, or anything else, that man is most sought for,
and has always enough to do. As a nation, Americans are too
superficial--they are striving to get rich quickly, and do not generally
do their business as substantially and thoroughly as they should, but
whoever excels all others in his own line, if his habits are good and
his integrity undoubted, cannot fail to secure abundant patronage,
and the wealth that naturally follows. Let your motto then always be
"Excelsior," for by living up to it M
there is no such word as fail.
LEARN SOMETHING USEFUL
Every man should make his son or daughter learn some useful trade or
profession, so that in these days of changing fortunes of being rich
to-day and poor tomorrow they may have something tangible to fall back
upon. This provision might save many persons from misery, who by some
unexpected turn of fortune have lost all their means.
LET HOPE PREDOMINATE, BUT BE NOT TOO VISIONARY
Many persons are always kept poor, because they are too viM
project looks to them like certain success, and therefore they keep
changing from one business to another, always in hot water, always
"under the harrow." The plan of "counting the chickens before they are
hatched" is an error of ancient date, but it does not seem to improve by
DO NOT SCATTER YOUR POWERS
Engage in one kind of business only, and stick to it faithfully until
you succeed, or until your experience shows that you should abandon it.
A constant hammering on one nail M
will generally drive it home at last,
so that it can be clinched. When a man's undivided attention is centered
on one object, his mind will constantly be suggesting improvements
of value, which would escape him if his brain was occupied by a dozen
different subjects at once. Many a fortune has slipped through a man's
fingers because he was engaged in too many occupations at a time. There
is good sense in the old caution against having too many irons in the
e systematic in their business. A person who does business
by rule, having a time and place for everything, doing his work
promptly, will accomplish twice as much and with half the trouble of him
who does it carelessly and slipshod. By introducing system into all your
transactions, doing one thing at a time, always meeting appointments
with punctuality, you find leisure for pastime and recreation; whereas
the man who only half does one thing, and then turns to something else,
and half does that, will have hiM
s business at loose ends, and will never
know when his day's work is done, for it never will be done. Of course,
there is a limit to all these rules. We must try to preserve the happy
medium, for there is such a thing as being too systematic. There are men
and women, for instance, who put away things so carefully that they can
never find them again. It is too much like the "red tape" formality at
Washington, and Mr. Dickens' "Circumlocution Office,"--all theory and no
When the "Astor House" was fiM
rst started in New York city, it was
undoubtedly the best hotel in the country. The proprietors had learned
a good deal in Europe regarding hotels, and the landlords were proud
of the rigid system which pervaded every department of their great
establishment. When twelve o'clock at night had arrived, and there were
a number of guests around, one of the proprietors would say, "Touch that
bell, John;" and in two minutes sixty servants, with a water-bucket
in each hand, would present themselves in the hall. "ThiM
landlord, addressing his guests, "is our fire-bell; it will show you we
are quite safe here; we do everything systematically." This was before
the Croton water was introduced into the city. But they sometimes
carried their system too far. On one occasion, when the hotel was
thronged with guests, one of the waiters was suddenly indisposed, and
although there were fifty waiters in the hotel, the landlord thought he
must have his full complement, or his "system" would be interfered with.
re dinner-time, he rushed down stairs and said, "There must be
another waiter, I am one waiter short, what can I do?" He happened to
see "Boots," the Irishman. "Pat," said he, "wash your hands and face;
take that white apron and come into the dining-room in five minutes."
Presently Pat appeared as required, and the proprietor said: "Now Pat,
you must stand behind these two chairs, and wait on the gentlemen who
will occupy them; did you ever act as a waiter?"
"I know all about it, sure, but I never did it."M
Like the Irish pilot, on one occasion when the captain, thinking he was
considerably out of his course, asked, "Are you certain you understand
what you are doing?"
Pat replied, "Sure and I knows every rock in the channel."
That moment, "bang" thumped the vessel against a rock.
"Ah! be-jabers, and that is one of 'em," continued the pilot. But
to return to the dining-room. "Pat," said the landlord, "here we do
everything systematically. You must first give the gentlemen each a
plate of soup, and wheM
n they finish that, ask them what they will have
Pat replied, "Ah! an' I understand parfectly the vartues of shystem."
Very soon in came the guests. The plates of soup were placed before
them. One of Pat's two gentlemen ate his soup; the other did not care
for it. He said: "Waiter, take this plate away and bring me some
fish." Pat looked at the untasted plate of soup, and remembering the
instructions of the landlord in regard to "system," replied: "Not till
ye have ate yer supe!"
t was carrying "system" entirely too far.
Always take a trustworthy newspaper, and thus keep thoroughly posted in
regard to the transactions of the world. He who is without a newspaper
is cut off from his species. In these days of telegraphs and steam, many
important inventions and improvements in every branch of trade are being
made, and he who don't consult the newspapers will soon find himself and
his business left out in the cold.
BEWARE OF "OUTSIDE OPERATIONS"
e sometimes see men who have obtained fortunes, suddenly become poor.
In many cases, this arises from intemperance, and often from gaming, and
other bad habits. Frequently it occurs because a man has been engaged in
"outside operations," of some sort. When he gets rich in his legitimate
business, he is told of a grand speculation where he can make a score of
thousands. He is constantly flattered by his friends, who tell him that
he is born lucky, that everything he touches turns into gold. Now if
that his economical habits, his rectitude of conduct and a
personal attention to a business which he understood, caused his success
in life, he will listen to the siren voices. He says:
"I will put in twenty thousand dollars. I have been lucky, and my good
luck will soon bring me back sixty thousand dollars."
A few days elapse and it is discovered he must put in ten thousand
dollars more: soon after he is told "it is all right," but certain
matters not foreseen, require an advance of twenty thousand dollM
more, which will bring him a rich harvest; but before the time comes
around to realize, the bubble bursts, he loses all he is possessed
of, and then he learns what he ought to have known at the first, that
however successful a man may be in his own business, if he turns from
that and engages ill a business which he don't understand, he is like
Samson when shorn of his locks his strength has departed, and he becomes
If a man has plenty of money, he ought to invest something in everythinM
that appears to promise success, and that will probably benefit mankind;
but let the sums thus invested be moderate in amount, and never let a
man foolishly jeopardize a fortune that he has earned in a legitimate
way, by investing it in things in which he has had no experience.
DON'T INDORSE WITHOUT SECURITY
I hold that no man ought ever to indorse a note or become security, for
any man, be it his father or brother, to a greater extent than he can
afford to lose and care nothing about, without tM
aking good security.
Here is a man that is worth twenty thousand dollars; he is doing a
thriving manufacturing or mercantile trade; you are retired and living
on your money; he comes to you and says:
"You are aware that I am worth twenty thousand dollars, and don't owe
a dollar; if I had five thousand dollars in cash, I could purchase a
particular lot of goods and double my money in a couple of months; will
you indorse my note for that amount?"
You reflect that he is worth twenty thousand dollars, and yM
risk by endorsing his note; you like to accommodate him, and you lend
your name without taking the precaution of getting security. Shortly
after, he shows you the note with your endorsement canceled, and tells
you, probably truly, "that he made the profit that he expected by
the operation," you reflect that you have done a good action, and the
thought makes you feel happy. By and by, the same thing occurs again and
you do it again; you have already fixed the impression in your mind that
rfectly safe to indorse his notes without security.
But the trouble is, this man is getting money too easily. He has only to
take your note to the bank, get it discounted and take the cash. He
gets money for the time being without effort; without inconvenience to
himself. Now mark the result. He sees a chance for speculation outside
of his business. A temporary investment of only $10,000 is required. It
is sure to come back before a note at the bank would be due. He places a
note for that amount before youM
. You sign it almost mechanically. Being
firmly convinced that your friend is responsible and trustworthy; you
indorse his notes as a "matter of course."
Unfortunately the speculation does not come to a head quite so soon as
was expected, and another $10,000 note must be discounted to take up the
last one when due. Before this note matures the speculation has proved
an utter failure and all the money is lost. Does the loser tell his
friend, the endorser, that he has lost half of his fortune? Not at all.
e don't even mention that he has speculated at all. But he has got
excited; the spirit of speculation has seized him; he sees others making
large sums in this way (we seldom hear of the losers), and, like other
speculators, he "looks for his money where he loses it." He tries again.
endorsing notes has become chronic with you, and at every loss he gets
your signature for whatever amount he wants. Finally you discover
your friend has lost all of his property and all of yours. You are
overwhelmed with astonishM
ment and grief, and you say "it is a hard
thing; my friend here has ruined me," but, you should add, "I have also
ruined him." If you had said in the first place, "I will accommodate
you, but I never indorse without taking ample security," he could not
have gone beyond the length of his tether, and he would never have been
tempted away from his legitimate business. It is a very dangerous
thing, therefore, at any time, to let people get possession of money
too easily; it tempts them to hazardous speculations,M
Solomon truly said "he that hateth suretiship is sure."
So with the young man starting in business; let him understand the value
of money by earning it. When he does understand its value, then grease
the wheels a little in helping him to start business, but remember, men
who get money with too great facility cannot usually succeed. You must
get the first dollars by hard knocks, and at some sacrifice, in order to
appreciate the value of those dollars.
ADVERTISE YOUR BUSINESS
all depend, more or less, upon the public for our support. We
all trade with the public--lawyers, doctors, shoemakers, artists,
blacksmiths, showmen, opera stagers, railroad presidents, and college
professors. Those who deal with the public must be careful that their
goods are valuable; that they are genuine, and will give satisfaction.
When you get an article which you know is going to please your
customers, and that when they have tried it, they will feel they have
got their money's worth, then let the faM
ct be known that you have got
it. Be careful to advertise it in some shape or other because it is
evident that if a man has ever so good an article for sale, and nobody
knows it, it will bring him no return. In a country like this, where
nearly everybody reads, and where newspapers are issued and circulated
in editions of five thousand to two hundred thousand, it would be very
unwise if this channel was not taken advantage of to reach the public in
advertising. A newspaper goes into the family, and is read bM
children, as well as the head of the home; hence hundreds and thousands
of people may read your advertisement, while you are attending to your
routine business. Many, perhaps, read it while you are asleep. The whole
philosophy of life is, first "sow," then "reap." That is the way the
farmer does; he plants his potatoes and corn, and sows his grain, and
then goes about something else, and the time comes when he reaps. But
he never reaps first and sows afterwards. This principle applies to all
s of business, and to nothing more eminently than to advertising. If
a man has a genuine article, there is no way in which he can reap more
advantageously than by "sowing" to the public in this way. He must,
of course, have a really good article, and one which will please his
customers; anything spurious will not succeed permanently because the
public is wiser than many imagine. Men and women are selfish, and we all
prefer purchasing where we can get the most for our money and we try to
find out where we canM
You may advertise a spurious article, and induce many people to call and
buy it once, but they will denounce you as an impostor and swindler, and
your business will gradually die out and leave you poor. This is right.
Few people can safely depend upon chance custom. You all need to have
your customers return and purchase again. A man said to me, "I have
tried advertising and did not succeed; yet I have a good article."
I replied, "My friend, there may be exceptions to a general rule. M
how do you advertise?"
"I put it in a weekly newspaper three times, and paid a dollar and a
half for it." I replied: "Sir, advertising is like learning--'a little
is a dangerous thing!'"
A French writer says that "The reader of a newspaper does not see the
first mention of an ordinary advertisement; the second insertion he
sees, but does not read; the third insertion he reads; the fourth
insertion, he looks at the price; the fifth insertion, he speaks of
it to his wife; the sixth insertion, he is rM
eady to purchase, and the
seventh insertion, he purchases." Your object in advertising is to make
the public understand what you have got to sell, and if you have not the
pluck to keep advertising, until you have imparted that information, all
the money you have spent is lost. You are like the fellow who told the
gentleman if he would give him ten cents it would save him a dollar.
"How can I help you so much with so small a sum?" asked the gentleman
in surprise. "I started out this morning (hiccuped the fellM
the full determination to get drunk, and I have spent my only dollar
to accomplish the object, and it has not quite done it. Ten cents worth
more of whiskey would just do it, and in this manner I should save the
dollar already expended."
So a man who advertises at all must keep it up until the public know who
and what he is, and what his business is, or else the money invested in
advertising is lost.
Some men have a peculiar genius for writing a striking advertisement,
one that will arrest theM
attention of the reader at first sight. This
fact, of course, gives the advertiser a great advantage. Sometimes a
man makes himself popular by an unique sign or a curious display in his
window, recently I observed a swing sign extending over the sidewalk in
front of a store, on which was the inscription in plain letters,
"DON'T READ THE OTHER SIDE"
Of course I did, and so did everybody else, and I learned that the man
had made all independence by first attracting the public to his business
t way and then using his customers well afterwards.
Genin, the hatter, bought the first Jenny Lind ticket at auction for
two hundred and twenty-five dollars, because he knew it would be a good
advertisement for him. "Who is the bidder?" said the auctioneer, as he
knocked down that ticket at Castle Garden. "Genin, the hatter," was the
response. Here were thousands of people from the Fifth avenue, and from
distant cities in the highest stations in life. "Who is 'Genin,' the
hatter?" they exclaimed. They had M
never heard of him before. The next
morning the newspapers and telegraph had circulated the facts from Maine
to Texas, and from five to ten millions off people had read that the
tickets sold at auction For Jenny Lind's first concert amounted to
about twenty thousand dollars, and that a single ticket was sold at two
hundred and twenty-five dollars, to "Genin, the hatter." Men throughout
the country involuntarily took off their hats to see if they had a
"Genin" hat on their heads. At a town in Iowa it was founM
crowd around the post office, there was one man who had a "Genin" hat,
and he showed it in triumph, although it was worn out and not worth two
cents. "Why," one man exclaimed, "you have a real 'Genin' hat; what a
lucky fellow you are." Another man said, "Hang on to that hat, it will
be a valuable heir-loom in your family." Still another man in the crowd
who seemed to envy the possessor of this good fortune, said, "Come, give
us all a chance; put it up at auction!" He did so, and it was sold as M
keepsake for nine dollars and fifty cents! What was the consequence
to Mr. Genin? He sold ten thousand extra hats per annum, the first six
years. Nine-tenths of the purchasers bought of him, probably, out of
curiosity, and many of them, finding that he gave them an equivalent
for their money, became his regular customers. This novel advertisement
first struck their attention, and then, as he made a good article, they
Now I don't say that everybody should advertise as Mr. Genin did. But I
y if a man has got goods for sale, and he don't advertise them in some
way, the chances are that some day the sheriff will do it for him. Nor
do I say that everybody must advertise in a newspaper, or indeed use
"printers' ink" at all. On the contrary, although that article is
indispensable in the majority of cases, yet doctors and clergymen, and
sometimes lawyers and some others, can more effectually reach the public
in some other manner. But it is obvious, they must be known in some way,
else how could theyM
BE POLITE AND KIND TO YOUR CUSTOMERS
Politeness and civility are the best capital ever invested in business.
Large stores, gilt signs, flaming advertisements, will all prove
unavailing if you or your employees treat your patrons abruptly. The
truth is, the more kind and liberal a man is, the more generous will be
the patronage bestowed upon him. "Like begets like." The man who gives
the greatest amount of goods of a corresponding quality for the least
sum (still reserving for himselM
f a profit) will generally succeed best
in the long run. This brings us to the golden rule, "As ye would that
men should do to you, do ye also to them" and they will do better by
you than if you always treated them as if you wanted to get the most
you could out of them for the least return. Men who drive sharp bargains
with their customers, acting as if they never expected to see them
again, will not be mistaken. They will never see them again as
customers. People don't like to pay and get kicked also.
e of the ushers in my Museum once told me he intended to whip a man
who was in the lecture-room as soon as he came out.
"What for?" I inquired.
"Because he said I was no gentleman," replied the usher.
"Never mind," I replied, "he pays for that, and you will not convince
him you are a gentleman by whipping him. I cannot afford to lose a
customer. If you whip him, he will never visit the Museum again, and he
will induce friends to go with him to other places of amusement instead
of this, and thus you seM
e, I should be a serious loser."
"But he insulted me," muttered the usher.
"Exactly," I replied, "and if he owned the Museum, and you had paid him
for the privilege of visiting it, and he had then insulted you, there
might be some reason in your resenting it, but in this instance he is
the man who pays, while we receive, and you must, therefore, put up with
My usher laughingly remarked, that this was undoubtedly the true policy;
but he added that he should not object to an increase oM
was expected to be abused in order to promote my interest.
Of course men should be charitable, because it is a duty and a pleasure.
But even as a matter of policy, if you possess no higher incentive, you
will find that the liberal man will command patronage, while the sordid,
uncharitable miser will be avoided.
Solomon says: "There is that scattereth and yet increaseth; and there is
that withholdeth more than meet, but it tendeth to poverty." Of course
charity is that which is from the heart.
The best kind of charity is to help those who are willing to help
themselves. Promiscuous almsgiving, without inquiring into the
worthiness of the applicant, is bad in every sense. But to search out
and quietly assist those who are struggling for themselves, is the kind
that "scattereth and yet increaseth." But don't fall into the idea that
some persons practice, of giving a prayer instead of a potato, and
a benediction instead of bread, to the hungry. It is easierM
Christians with full stomachs than empty.
Some men have a foolish habit of telling their business secrets. If they
make money they like to tell their neighbors how it was done. Nothing
is gained by this, and ofttimes much is lost. Say nothing about your
profits, your hopes, your expectations, your intentions. And this
should apply to letters as well as to conversation. Goethe makes
Mephistophilles say: "Never write a letter nor destroy one." Business
men must write letters, buM
t they should be careful what they put in
them. If you are losing money, be specially cautious and not tell of it,
or you will lose your reputation.
PRESERVE YOUR INTEGRITY
It is more precious than diamonds or rubies. The old miser said to
his sons: "Get money; get it honestly if you can, but get money:" This
advice was not only atrociously wicked, but it was the very essence of
stupidity: It was as much as to say, "if you find it difficult to obtain
money honestly, you can easily get it dishonestM
ly. Get it in that way."
Poor fool! Not to know that the most difficult thing in life is to make
money dishonestly! Not to know that our prisons are full of men who
attempted to follow this advice; not to understand that no man can
be dishonest, without soon being found out, and that when his lack
of principle is discovered, nearly every avenue to success is closed
against him forever. The public very properly shun all whose integrity
is doubted. No matter how polite and pleasant and accommodating a man
be, none of us dare to deal with him if we suspect "false weights
and measures." Strict honesty, not only lies at the foundation of
all success in life (financially), but in every other respect.
Uncompromising integrity of character is invaluable. It secures to its
possessor a peace and joy which cannot be attained without it--which no
amount of money, or houses and lands can purchase. A man who is known
to be strictly honest, may be ever so poor, but he has the purses of
all the community at his disposal--M
for all know that if he promises to
return what he borrows, he will never disappoint them. As a mere matter
of selfishness, therefore, if a man had no higher motive for being
honest, all will find that the maxim of Dr. Franklin can never fail to
be true, that "honesty is the best policy."
To get rich, is not always equivalent to being successful. "There are
many rich poor men," while there are many others, honest and devout men
and women, who have never possessed so much money as some rich persons
r in a week, but who are nevertheless really richer and happier
than any man can ever be while he is a transgressor of the higher laws
The inordinate love of money, no doubt, may be and is "the root of all
evil," but money itself, when properly used, is not only a "handy thing
to have in the house," but affords the gratification of blessing our
race by enabling its possessor to enlarge the scope of human happiness
and human influence. The desire for wealth is nearly universal, and none
ay it is not laudable, provided the possessor of it accepts its
responsibilities, and uses it as a friend to humanity.
The history of money-getting, which is commerce, is a history of
civilization, and wherever trade has flourished most, there, too, have
art and science produced the noblest fruits. In fact, as a general
thing, money-getters are the benefactors of our race. To them, in a
great measure, are we indebted for our institutions of learning and of
art, our academies, colleges and churches. It is nM
o argument against the
desire for, or the possession of wealth, to say that there are sometimes
misers who hoard money only for the sake of hoarding and who have no
higher aspiration than to grasp everything which comes within their
reach. As we have sometimes hypocrites in religion, and demagogues in
politics, so there are occasionally misers among money-getters. These,
however, are only exceptions to the general rule. But when, in this
country, we find such a nuisance and stumbling block as a miser,
member with gratitude that in America we have no laws of
primogeniture, and that in the due course of nature the time will come
when the hoarded dust will be scattered for the benefit of mankind.
To all men and women, therefore, do I conscientiously say, make money
honestly, and not otherwise, for Shakespeare has truly said, "He that
wants money, means, and content, is without three good friends."
End of Project Gutenberg's The Art of Money Getting, by P. T. Barnum
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{"name": "Honey Badgers", "description": "Honey Badgers is a generative 10k PFP collection inscribed on the Bitcoin Blockchain through Ordinals. It is an experiment to see if a native NFT community can emerge and thrive on the native Bitcoin ecosystem. The project doesn\u2019t have a roadmap and its solely purpose is to deliver high quality pixelated art and a fun place to hang out with friends. The collection is Bitcoin themed with the M
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{"name": "Honey Badgers", "description": "Honey Badgers is a generative 10k PFP collection inscribed on the Bitcoin Blockchain through Ordinals. It is an experiment to see if a native NFT community can emerge and thrive on the native Bitcoin ecosystem. The project doesn\u2019t have a roadmap and its solely purpose is to deliver high quality pixelated art and a fun place to hang out with friends. The collection is Bitcoin themed with the M
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{"name": "Honey Badgers", "description": "Honey Badgers is a generative 10k PFP collection inscribed on the Bitcoin Blockchain through Ordinals. It is an experiment to see if a native NFT community can emerge and thrive on the native Bitcoin ecosystem. The project doesn\u2019t have a roadmap and its solely purpose is to deliver high quality pixelated art and a fun place to hang out with friends. The collection is Bitcoin themed with the M
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{"name": "Honey Badgers", "description": "Honey Badgers is a generative 10k PFP collection inscribed on the Bitcoin Blockchain through Ordinals. It is an experiment to see if a native NFT community can emerge and thrive on the native Bitcoin ecosystem. The project doesn\u2019t have a roadmap and its solely purpose is to deliver high quality pixelated art and a fun place to hang out with friends. The collection is Bitcoin themed with the M
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1. The Tao that can be trodden is not the enduring and unchanging
Tao. The name that can be named is not the enduring and unchanging
2. (Conceived of as) having no name, it is the Originator of heaven
and earth; (conceived of as) having a name, it is the Mother of all
3. Always without desire we must be found,
If its deep mystery we would sound;
But if desire always within us be,
Its outer fringe is all that we shall see.
4. Under these two aM
spects, it is really the same; but as development
takes place, it receives the different names. Together we call them
the Mystery. Where the Mystery is the deepest is the gate of all that
is subtle and wonderful.
1. All in the world know the beauty of the beautiful, and in doing
this they have (the idea of) what ugliness is; they all know the skill
of the skilful, and in doing this they have (the idea of) what the
2. So it is that existence and non-existence give birth the one to
the idea of) the other; that difficulty and ease produce the one
(the idea of) the other; that length and shortness fashion out the
one the figure of the other; that (the ideas of) height and lowness
arise from the contrast of the one with the other; that the musical
notes and tones become harmonious through the relation of one with
another; and that being before and behind give the idea of one following
3. Therefore the sage manages affairs without doing anything, and
conveys his instructions without thM
4. All things spring up, and there is not one which declines to show
itself; they grow, and there is no claim made for their ownership;
they go through their processes, and there is no expectation (of a
reward for the results). The work is accomplished, and there is no
resting in it (as an achievement).
The work is done, but how no one can see;
'Tis this that makes the power not cease to be.
1. Not to value and employ men of superior ability is the way to keep
the people from rivM
alry among themselves; not to prize articles which
are difficult to procure is the way to keep them from becoming thieves;
not to show them what is likely to excite their desires is the way
to keep their minds from disorder.
2. Therefore the sage, in the exercise of his government, empties
their minds, fills their bellies, weakens their wills, and strengthens
3. He constantly (tries to) keep them without knowledge and without
desire, and where there are those who have knowledge, to keep them
resuming to act (on it). When there is this abstinence from
action, good order is universal.
1. The Tao is (like) the emptiness of a vessel; and in our employment
of it we must be on our guard against all fulness. How deep and unfathomable
it is, as if it were the Honoured Ancestor of all things!
2. We should blunt our sharp points, and unravel the complications
of things; we should attemper our brightness, and bring ourselves
into agreement with the obscurity of others. How pure and still the
, as if it would ever so continue!
3. I do not know whose son it is. It might appear to have been before
1. Heaven and earth do not act from (the impulse of) any wish to be
benevolent; they deal with all things as the dogs of grass are dealt
with. The sages do not act from (any wish to be) benevolent; they
deal with the people as the dogs of grass are dealt with.
2. May not the space between heaven and earth be compared to a bellows?
'Tis emptied, yet it loses not its power;
, and sends forth air the more.
Much speech to swift exhaustion lead we see;
Your inner being guard, and keep it free.
The valley spirit dies not, aye the same;
The female mystery thus do we name.
Its gate, from which at first they issued forth,
Is called the root from which grew heaven and earth.
Long and unbroken does its power remain,
Used gently, and without the touch of pain.
1. Heaven is long-enduring and earth continues long. The reason why
heaven and earth are able to enduM
re and continue thus long is because
they do not live of, or for, themselves. This is how they are able
to continue and endure.
2. Therefore the sage puts his own person last, and yet it is found
in the foremost place; he treats his person as if it were foreign
to him, and yet that person is preserved. Is it not because he has
no personal and private ends, that therefore such ends are realised?
1. The highest excellence is like (that of) water. The excellence
of water appears in its benefiting all thM
ings, and in its occupying,
without striving (to the contrary), the low place which all men dislike.
Hence (its way) is near to (that of) the Tao.
2. The excellence of a residence is in (the suitability of) the place;
that of the mind is in abysmal stillness; that of associations is
in their being with the virtuous; that of government is in its securing
good order; that of (the conduct of) affairs is in its ability; and
that of (the initiation of) any movement is in its timeliness.
3. And when (one with the highM
est excellence) does not wrangle (about
his low position), no one finds fault with him.
1. It is better to leave a vessel unfilled, than to attempt to carry
it when it is full. If you keep feeling a point that has been sharpened,
the point cannot long preserve its sharpness.
2. When gold and jade fill the hall, their possessor cannot keep them
safe. When wealth and honours lead to arrogancy, this brings its evil
on itself. When the work is done, and one's name is becoming distinguished,
into obscurity is the way of Heaven.
1. When the intelligent and animal souls are held together in one
embrace, they can be kept from separating. When one gives undivided
attention to the (vital) breath, and brings it to the utmost degree
of pliancy, he can become as a (tender) babe. When he has cleansed
away the most mysterious sights (of his imagination), he can become
2. In loving the people and ruling the state, cannot he proceed without
any (purpose of) action? In the opening aM
nd shutting of his gates
of heaven, cannot he do so as a female bird? While his intelligence
reaches in every direction, cannot he (appear to) be without knowledge?
3. (The Tao) produces (all things) and nourishes them; it produces
them and does not claim them as its own; it does all, and yet does
not boast of it; it presides over all, and yet does not control them.
This is what is called 'The mysterious Quality' (of the Tao).
The thirty spokes unite in the one nave; but it is on
the empty space (forM
the axle), that the use of the wheel depends.
Clay is fashioned into vessels; but it is on their empty hollowness,
that their use depends. The door and windows are cut out (from the
walls) to form an apartment; but it is on the empty space (within),
that its use depends. Therefore, what has a (positive) existence serves
for profitable adaptation, and what has not that for (actual) usefulness.
1. Colour's five hues from th' eyes their sight will take;
Music's five notes the ears as deaf can make;
e flavours five deprive the mouth of taste;
The chariot course, and the wild hunting waste
Make mad the mind; and objects rare and strange,
Sought for, men's conduct will to evil change.
2. Therefore the sage seeks to satisfy (the craving of) the belly,
and not the (insatiable longing of the) eyes. He puts from him the
latter, and prefers to seek the former.
1. Favour and disgrace would seem equally to be feared; honour and
great calamity, to be regarded as personal conditions (of the same
2. What is meant by speaking thus of favour and disgrace? Disgrace
is being in a low position (after the enjoyment of favour). The getting
that (favour) leads to the apprehension (of losing it), and the losing
it leads to the fear of (still greater calamity):--this is what is
meant by saying that favour and disgrace would seem equally to be
feared. And what is meant by saying that honour and great calamity
are to be (similarly) regarded as personal conditions? What makes
me liable to great calamity is my havingM
the body (which I call myself);
if I had not the body, what great calamity could come to me?
3. Therefore he who would administer the kingdom, honouring it as
he honours his own person, may be employed to govern it, and he who
would administer it with the love which he bears to his own person
may be entrusted with it.
1. We look at it, and we do not see it, and we name it 'the Equable.'
We listen to it, and we do not hear it, and we name it 'the Inaudible.'
We try to grasp it, and do not get hold oM
f it, and we name it 'the
Subtle.' With these three qualities, it cannot be made the subject
of description; and hence we blend them together and obtain The One.
2. Its upper part is not bright, and its lower part is not obscure.
Ceaseless in its action, it yet cannot be named, and then it again
returns and becomes nothing. This is called the Form of the Formless,
and the Semblance of the Invisible; this is called the Fleeting and
3. We meet it and do not see its Front; we follow it, and do not sM
its Back. When we can lay hold of the Tao of old to direct the things
of the present day, and are able to know it as it was of old in the
beginning, this is called (unwinding) the clue of Tao.
1. The skilful masters (of the Tao) in old times, with a subtle and
exquisite penetration, comprehended its mysteries, and were deep (also)
so as to elude men's knowledge. As they were thus beyond men's knowledge,
I will make an effort to describe of what sort they appeared to be.
2. Shrinking looked they lM
ike those who wade through a stream in winter;
irresolute like those who are afraid of all around them; grave like
a guest (in awe of his host); evanescent like ice that is melting
away; unpretentious like wood that has not been fashioned into anything;
vacant like a valley, and dull like muddy water.
3. Who can (make) the muddy water (clear)? Let it be still, and it
will gradually become clear. Who can secure the condition of rest?
Let movement go on, and the condition of rest will gradually arise.
preserve this method of the Tao do not wish to be full
(of themselves). It is through their not being full of themselves
that they can afford to seem worn and not appear new and complete.
1. The (state of) vacancy should be brought to the utmost degree,
and that of stillness guarded with unwearying vigour. All things alike
go through their processes of activity, and (then) we see them return
(to their original state). When things (in the vegetable world) have
displayed their luxuriant growth, we see eM
ach of them return to its
root. This returning to their root is what we call the state of stillness;
and that stillness may be called a reporting that they have fulfilled
their appointed end.
2. The report of that fulfilment is the regular, unchanging rule.
To know that unchanging rule is to be intelligent; not to know it
leads to wild movements and evil issues. The knowledge of that unchanging
rule produces a (grand) capacity and forbearance, and that capacity
and forbearance lead to a community (of feeling withM
From this community of feeling comes a kingliness of character; and
he who is king-like goes on to be heaven-like. In that likeness to
heaven he possesses the Tao. Possessed of the Tao, he endures long;
and to the end of his bodily life, is exempt from all danger of decay.
1. In the highest antiquity, (the people) did not know that there
were (their rulers). In the next age they loved them and praised them.
In the next they feared them; in the next they despised them. Thus
en faith (in the Tao) was deficient (in the rulers)
a want of faith in them ensued (in the people).
2. How irresolute did those (earliest rulers) appear, showing (by
their reticence) the importance which they set upon their words! Their
work was done and their undertakings were successful, while the people
all said, 'We are as we are, of ourselves!'
1. When the Great Tao (Way or Method) ceased to be observed, benevolence
and righteousness came into vogue. (Then) appeared wisdom and shrewdness,
there ensued great hypocrisy.
2. When harmony no longer prevailed throughout the six kinships, filial
sons found their manifestation; when the states and clans fell into
disorder, loyal ministers appeared.
1. If we could renounce our sageness and discard our wisdom, it would
be better for the people a hundredfold. If we could renounce our benevolence
and discard our righteousness, the people would again become filial
and kindly. If we could renounce our artful contrivances and discard
for) gain, there would be no thieves nor robbers.
2. Those three methods (of government)
Thought olden ways in elegance did fail
And made these names their want of worth to veil;
But simple views, and courses plain and true
Would selfish ends and many lusts eschew.
1. When we renounce learning we have no troubles.
The (ready) 'yes,' and (flattering) 'yea;'--
Small is the difference they display.
But mark their issues, good and ill;--
What space the gulf between shall fill? What all men fearM
to be feared; but how wide and without end is the range of questions
(asking to be discussed)!
2. The multitude of men look satisfied and pleased; as if enjoying
a full banquet, as if mounted on a tower in spring. I alone seem listless
and still, my desires having as yet given no indication of their presence.
I am like an infant which has not yet smiled. I look dejected and
forlorn, as if I had no home to go to. The multitude of men all have
enough and to spare. I alone seem to have lost everything. MyM
is that of a stupid man; I am in a state of chaos. Ordinary men look
bright and intelligent, while I alone seem to be benighted. They look
full of discrimination, while I alone am dull and confused. I seem
to be carried about as on the sea, drifting as if I had nowhere to
rest. All men have their spheres of action, while I alone seem dull
and incapable, like a rude borderer. (Thus) I alone am different from
other men, but I value the nursing-mother (the Tao).
The grandest forms of active force M
From Tao come, their only source.
Who can of Tao the nature tell?
Our sight it flies, our touch as well.
Eluding sight, eluding touch,
The forms of things all in it crouch;
Eluding touch, eluding sight,
There are their semblances, all right.
Profound it is, dark and obscure;
Things' essences all there endure.
Those essences the truth enfold
Of what, when seen, shall then be told.
Now it is so; 'twas so of old.
Its name--what passes not away;
So, in their beautiful array,
Things form and never know deM
How know I that it is so with all the beauties of existing things?
By this (nature of the Tao).
1. The partial becomes complete; the crooked, straight; the empty,
full; the worn out, new. He whose (desires) are few gets them; he
whose (desires) are many goes astray.
2. Therefore the sage holds in his embrace the one thing (of humility),
and manifests it to all the world. He is free from self- display,
and therefore he shines; from self-assertion, and therefore he is
distinguished; from self-M
boasting, and therefore his merit is acknowledged;
from self-complacency, and therefore he acquires superiority. It is
because he is thus free from striving that therefore no one in the
world is able to strive with him.
3. That saying of the ancients that 'the partial becomes complete'
was not vainly spoken:--all real completion is comprehended under
1. Abstaining from speech marks him who is obeying the spontaneity
of his nature. A violent wind does not last for a whole morning; a
does not last for the whole day. To whom is it that these
(two) things are owing? To Heaven and Earth. If Heaven and Earth cannot
make such (spasmodic) actings last long, how much less can man!
2. Therefore when one is making the Tao his business, those who are
also pursuing it, agree with him in it, and those who are making the
manifestation of its course their object agree with him in that; while
even those who are failing in both these things agree with him where
3. Hence, those with whom he agreesM
as to the Tao have the happiness
of attaining to it; those with whom he agrees as to its manifestation
have the happiness of attaining to it; and those with whom he agrees
in their failure have also the happiness of attaining (to the Tao).
(But) when there is not faith sufficient (on his part), a want of
faith (in him) ensues (on the part of the others).
He who stands on his tiptoes does not stand firm; he who stretches
his legs does not walk (easily). (So), he who displays himself does
e who asserts his own views is not distinguished; he who
vaunts himself does not find his merit acknowledged; he who is self-
conceited has no superiority allowed to him. Such conditions, viewed
from the standpoint of the Tao, are like remnants of food, or a tumour
on the body, which all dislike. Hence those who pursue (the course)
of the Tao do not adopt and allow them.
1. There was something undefined and complete, coming into existence
before Heaven and Earth. How still it was and formless, standiM
and undergoing no change, reaching everywhere and in no danger (of
being exhausted)! It may be regarded as the Mother of all things.
2. I do not know its name, and I give it the designation of the Tao
(the Way or Course). Making an effort (further) to give it a name
I call it The Great.
3. Great, it passes on (in constant flow). Passing on, it becomes
remote. Having become remote, it returns. Therefore the Tao is great;
Heaven is great; Earth is great; and the (sage) king is also great.
there are four that are great, and the (sage) king
4. Man takes his law from the Earth; the Earth takes its law from
Heaven; Heaven takes its law from the Tao. The law of the Tao is its
1. Gravity is the root of lightness; stillness, the ruler of movement.
2. Therefore a wise prince, marching the whole day, does not go far
from his baggage waggons. Although he may have brilliant prospects
to look at, he quietly remains (in his proper place), indifferent
How should the lord of a myriad chariots carry himself lightly
before the kingdom? If he do act lightly, he has lost his root (of
gravity); if he proceed to active movement, he will lose his throne.
1. The skilful traveller leaves no traces of his wheels or footsteps;
the skilful speaker says nothing that can be found fault with or blamed;
the skilful reckoner uses no tallies; the skilful closer needs no
bolts or bars, while to open what he has shut will be impossible;
the skilful binder uses no strinM
gs or knots, while to unloose what
he has bound will be impossible. In the same way the sage is always
skilful at saving men, and so he does not cast away any man; he is
always skilful at saving things, and so he does not cast away anything.
This is called 'Hiding the light of his procedure.'
2. Therefore the man of skill is a master (to be looked up to) by
him who has not the skill; and he who has not the skill is the helper
of (the reputation of) him who has the skill. If the one did not honour
the other did not rejoice in his helper, an (observer),
though intelligent, might greatly err about them. This is called 'The
utmost degree of mystery.'
1. Who knows his manhood's strength,
Yet still his female feebleness maintains;
As to one channel flow the many drains,
All come to him, yea, all beneath the sky.
Thus he the constant excellence retains;
The simple child again, free from all stains.
Who knows how white attracts,
Yet always keeps himself within black's shade,
Displayed in view of all beneath the sky;
He in the unchanging excellence arrayed,
Endless return to man's first state has made.
Who knows how glory shines,
Yet loves disgrace, nor e'er for it is pale;
Behold his presence in a spacious vale,
To which men come from all beneath the sky.
The unchanging excellence completes its tale;
The simple infant man in him we hail.
2. The unwrought material, when divided and distributed, forms vessels.
The sage, when employed, becomes the Head of alM
government); and in his greatest regulations he employs no violent
1. If any one should wish to get the kingdom for himself, and to effect
this by what he does, I see that he will not succeed. The kingdom
is a spirit-like thing, and cannot be got by active doing. He who
would so win it destroys it; he who would hold it in his grasp loses
2. The course and nature of things is such that
What was in front is now behind;
What warmed anon we freezing find.
of weakness oft the spoil;
The store in ruins mocks our toil. Hence the sage puts away excessive
effort, extravagance, and easy indulgence.
1. He who would assist a lord of men in harmony with the Tao will
not assert his mastery in the kingdom by force of arms. Such a course
is sure to meet with its proper return.
2. Wherever a host is stationed, briars and thorns spring up. In the
sequence of great armies there are sure to be bad years.
3. A skilful (commander) strikes a decisive blow, and stopM
not dare (by continuing his operations) to assert and complete his
mastery. He will strike the blow, but will be on his guard against
being vain or boastful or arrogant in consequence of it. He strikes
it as a matter of necessity; he strikes it, but not from a wish for
4. When things have attained their strong maturity they become old.
This may be said to be not in accordance with the Tao: and what is
not in accordance with it soon comes to an end.
1. Now arms, however beautifulM
, are instruments of evil omen, hateful,
it may be said, to all creatures. Therefore they who have the Tao
do not like to employ them.
2. The superior man ordinarily considers the left hand the most honourable
place, but in time of war the right hand. Those sharp weapons are
instruments of evil omen, and not the instruments of the superior
man;--he uses them only on the compulsion of necessity. Calm and repose
are what he prizes; victory (by force of arms) is to him undesirable.
To consider this desirable would bM
e to delight in the slaughter of
men; and he who delights in the slaughter of men cannot get his will
3. On occasions of festivity to be on the left hand is the prized
position; on occasions of mourning, the right hand. The second in
command of the army has his place on the left; the general commanding
in chief has his on the right;--his place, that is, is assigned to
him as in the rites of mourning. He who has killed multitudes of men
should weep for them with the bitterest grief; and the victor M
has his place (rightly) according to those rites.
1. The Tao, considered as unchanging, has no name.
2. Though in its primordial simplicity it may be small, the whole
world dares not deal with (one embodying) it as a minister. If a feudal
prince or the king could guard and hold it, all would spontaneously
submit themselves to him.
3. Heaven and Earth (under its guidance) unite together and send down
the sweet dew, which, without the directions of men, reaches equally
everywhere as of itM
4. As soon as it proceeds to action, it has a name. When it once has
that name, (men) can know to rest in it. When they know to rest in
it, they can be free from all risk of failure and error.
5. The relation of the Tao to all the world is like that of the great
rivers and seas to the streams from the valleys.
1. He who knows other men is discerning; he who knows himself is intelligent.
He who overcomes others is strong; he who overcomes himself is mighty.
He who is satisfied with hiM
s lot is rich; he who goes on acting with
energy has a (firm) will.
2. He who does not fail in the requirements of his position, continues
long; he who dies and yet does not perish, has longevity.
1. All-pervading is the Great Tao! It may be found on the left hand
2. All things depend on it for their production, which it gives to
them, not one refusing obedience to it. When its work is accomplished,
it does not claim the name of having done it. It clothes all things
ment, and makes no assumption of being their lord;--it
may be named in the smallest things. All things return (to their root
and disappear), and do not know that it is it which presides over
their doing so;--it may be named in the greatest things.
3. Hence the sage is able (in the same way) to accomplish his great
achievements. It is through his not making himself great that he can
1. To him who holds in his hands the Great Image (of the invisible
Tao), the whole world repairs. Men M
resort to him, and receive no hurt,
but (find) rest, peace, and the feeling of ease.
2. Music and dainties will make the passing guest stop (for a time).
But though the Tao as it comes from the mouth, seems insipid and has
no flavour, though it seems not worth being looked at or listened
to, the use of it is inexhaustible.
1. When one is about to take an inspiration, he is sure to make a
(previous) expiration; when he is going to weaken another, he will
first strengthen him; when he is going to oveM
rthrow another, he will
first have raised him up; when he is going to despoil another, he
will first have made gifts to him:--this is called 'Hiding the light
(of his procedure).'
2. The soft overcomes the hard; and the weak the strong.
3. Fishes should not be taken from the deep; instruments for the profit
of a state should not be shown to the people.
1. The Tao in its regular course does nothing (for the sake of doing
it), and so there is nothing which it does not do.
2. If princes and kings wM
ere able to maintain it, all things would
of themselves be transformed by them.
3. If this transformation became to me an object of desire, I would
express the desire by the nameless simplicity.
Simplicity without a name
Is free from all external aim.
With no desire, at rest and still,
All things go right as of their will.
1. (Those who) possessed in highest degree the attributes (of the
Tao) did not (seek) to show them, and therefore they possessed them
(in fullest measure). (ThosM
e who) possessed in a lower degree those
attributes (sought how) not to lose them, and therefore they did not
possess them (in fullest measure).
2. (Those who) possessed in the highest degree those attributes did
nothing (with a purpose), and had no need to do anything. (Those who)
possessed them in a lower degree were (always) doing, and had need
3. (Those who) possessed the highest benevolence were (always seeking)
to carry it out, and had no need to be doing so. (Those who) possessed
est righteousness were (always seeking) to carry it out, and
had need to be so doing.
4. (Those who) possessed the highest (sense of) propriety were (always
seeking) to show it, and when men did not respond to it, they bared
the arm and marched up to them.
5. Thus it was that when the Tao was lost, its attributes appeared;
when its attributes were lost, benevolence appeared; when benevolence
was lost, righteousness appeared; and when righteousness was lost,
the proprieties appeared.
6. Now propriety is the atM
tenuated form of leal-heartedness and good
faith, and is also the commencement of disorder; swift apprehension
is (only) a flower of the Tao, and is the beginning of stupidity.
7. Thus it is that the Great man abides by what is solid, and eschews
what is flimsy; dwells with the fruit and not with the flower. It
is thus that he puts away the one and makes choice of the other.
1. The things which from of old have got the One (the Tao) are--
Heaven which by it is bright and pure;
Earth rendered therebM
Spirits with powers by it supplied;
Valleys kept full throughout their void
All creatures which through it do live
Princes and kings who from it get
The model which to all they give. All these are the results of the
2. If heaven were not thus pure, it soon would rend;
If earth were not thus sure, 'twould break and bend;
Without these powers, the spirits soon would fail;
If not so filled, the drought would parch each vale;
Without that life, creatures would pass away;
and kings, without that moral sway,
However grand and high, would all decay.
3. Thus it is that dignity finds its (firm) root in its (previous)
meanness, and what is lofty finds its stability in the lowness (from
which it rises). Hence princes and kings call themselves 'Orphans,'
'Men of small virtue,' and as 'Carriages without a nave.' Is not this
an acknowledgment that in their considering themselves mean they see
the foundation of their dignity? So it is that in the enumeration
of the different parts of a carM
riage we do not come on what makes
it answer the ends of a carriage. They do not wish to show themselves
elegant-looking as jade, but (prefer) to be coarse-looking as an (ordinary)
1. The movement of the Tao
By contraries proceeds;
And weakness marks the course
Of Tao's mighty deeds.
2. All things under heaven sprang from It as existing (and named);
that existence sprang from It as non-existent (and not named).
1. Scholars of the highest class, when they hear about the Tao, M
carry it into practice. Scholars of the middle class, when they have
heard about it, seem now to keep it and now to lose it. Scholars of
the lowest class, when they have heard about it, laugh greatly at
it. If it were not (thus) laughed at, it would not be fit to be the
2. Therefore the sentence-makers have thus expressed themselves:--
'The Tao, when brightest seen, seems light to lack;
Who progress in it makes, seems drawing back;
Its even way is like a rugged track.
Its highest virtue from thM
Its greatest beauty seems to offend the eyes;
And he has most whose lot the least supplies.
Its firmest virtue seems but poor and low;
Its solid truth seems change to undergo;
Its largest square doth yet no corner show
A vessel great, it is the slowest made;
Loud is its sound, but never word it said;
A semblance great, the shadow of a shade.'
3. The Tao is hidden, and has no name; but it is the Tao which is
skilful at imparting (to all things what they need) and making them
1. The Tao produced One; One produced Two; Two produced Three; Three
produced All things. All things leave behind them the Obscurity (out
of which they have come), and go forward to embrace the Brightness
(into which they have emerged), while they are harmonised by the Breath
2. What men dislike is to be orphans, to have little virtue, to be
as carriages without naves; and yet these are the designations which
kings and princes use for themselves. So it is that some things are
being diminished, and others are diminished by being
3. What other men (thus) teach, I also teach. The violent and strong
do not die their natural death. I will make this the basis of my teaching.
1. The softest thing in the world dashes against and overcomes the
hardest; that which has no (substantial) existence enters where there
is no crevice. I know hereby what advantage belongs to doing nothing
2. There are few in the world who attain to the teaching without wordsM
and the advantage arising from non-action.
1. Or fame or life,
Which do you hold more dear?
To which would you adhere?
Keep life and lose those other things;
Keep them and lose your life:--which brings
Sorrow and pain more near?
2. Thus we may see,
Who cleaves to fame
Rejects what is more great;
Who loves large stores
Gives up the richer state.
Needs fear no shame.
Long live shall he.
1. Who thinks his great achievements poor
Shall find his vigour long endure.
Of greatest fulness, deemed a void,
Exhaustion ne'er shall stem the tide.
Do thou what's straight still crooked deem;
Thy greatest art still stupid seem,
And eloquence a stammering scream.
2. Constant action overcomes cold; being still overcomes heat. Purity
and stillness give the correct law to all under heaven.
1. When the Tao prevails in the world, they send back their swift
horses to (draw) the dung-cartsM
. When the Tao is disregarded in the
world, the war-horses breed in the border lands.
2. There is no guilt greater than to sanction ambition; no calamity
greater than to be discontented with one's lot; no fault greater than
the wish to be getting. Therefore the sufficiency of contentment is
an enduring and unchanging sufficiency.
1. Without going outside his door, one understands (all that takes
place) under the sky; without looking out from his window, one sees
the Tao of Heaven. The farther that M
one goes out (from himself), the
2. Therefore the sages got their knowledge without travelling; gave
their (right) names to things without seeing them; and accomplished
their ends without any purpose of doing so.
1. He who devotes himself to learning (seeks) from day to day to increase
(his knowledge); he who devotes himself to the Tao (seeks) from day
to day to diminish (his doing).
2. He diminishes it and again diminishes it, till he arrives at doing
nothing (on purpose). Having M
arrived at this point of non-action,
there is nothing which he does not do.
3. He who gets as his own all under heaven does so by giving himself
no trouble (with that end). If one take trouble (with that end), he
is not equal to getting as his own all under heaven.
1. The sage has no invariable mind of his own; he makes the mind of
the people his mind.
2. To those who are good (to me), I am good; and to those who are
not good (to me), I am also good;--and thus (all) get to be good.
re sincere (with me), I am sincere; and to those who
are not sincere (with me), I am also sincere;--and thus (all) get
3. The sage has in the world an appearance of indecision, and keeps
his mind in a state of indifference to all. The people all keep their
eyes and ears directed to him, and he deals with them all as his children.
1. Men come forth and live; they enter (again) and die.
2. Of every ten three are ministers of life (to themselves); and three
are ministers of death.
There are also three in every ten whose aim is to live, but whose
movements tend to the land (or place) of death. And for what reason?
Because of their excessive endeavours to perpetuate life.
4. But I have heard that he who is skilful in managing the life entrusted
to him for a time travels on the land without having to shun rhinoceros
or tiger, and enters a host without having to avoid buff coat or sharp
weapon. The rhinoceros finds no place in him into which to thrust
its horn, nor the tiger a place in which tM
o fix its claws, nor the
weapon a place to admit its point. And for what reason? Because there
is in him no place of death.
1. All things are produced by the Tao, and nourished by its outflowing
operation. They receive their forms according to the nature of each,
and are completed according to the circumstances of their condition.
Therefore all things without exception honour the Tao, and exalt its
outflowing operation.
2. This honouring of the Tao and exalting of its operation is not
any ordination, but always a spontaneous tribute.
3. Thus it is that the Tao produces (all things), nourishes them,
brings them to their full growth, nurses them, completes them, matures
them, maintains them, and overspreads them.
4. It produces them and makes no claim to the possession of them;
it carries them through their processes and does not vaunt its ability
in doing so; it brings them to maturity and exercises no control over
them;--this is called its mysterious operation.
ich originated all under the sky is to be considered
as the mother of them all.
2. When the mother is found, we know what her children should be.
When one knows that he is his mother's child, and proceeds to guard
(the qualities of) the mother that belong to him, to the end of his
life he will be free from all peril.
3. Let him keep his mouth closed, and shut up the portals (of his
nostrils), and all his life he will be exempt from laborious exertion.
Let him keep his mouth open, and (spend his breath) in the pM
of his affairs, and all his life there will be no safety for him.
4. The perception of what is small is (the secret of clear- sightedness;
the guarding of what is soft and tender is (the secret of) strength.
5. Who uses well his light,
Reverting to its (source so) bright,
Will from his body ward all blight,
And hides the unchanging from men's sight.
1. If I were suddenly to become known, and (put into a position to)
conduct (a government) according to the Great Tao, what I should be
t afraid of would be a boastful display.
2. The great Tao (or way) is very level and easy; but people love
3. Their court(-yards and buildings) shall be well kept, but their
fields shall be ill-cultivated, and their granaries very empty. They
shall wear elegant and ornamented robes, carry a sharp sword at their
girdle, pamper themselves in eating and drinking, and have a superabundance
of property and wealth;--such (princes) may be called robbers and
boasters. This is contrary to the Tao surely!
1. What (Tao's) skilful planter plants
Can never be uptorn;
What his skilful arms enfold,
From him can ne'er be borne.
Sons shall bring in lengthening line,
Sacrifices to his shrine.
2. Tao when nursed within one's self,
His vigour will make true;
And where the family it rules
What riches will accrue!
The neighbourhood where it prevails
In thriving will abound;
And when 'tis seen throughout the state,
Good fortune will be found.
Employ it the kingdom o'er,
And men thrive all around.
. In this way the effect will be seen in the person, by the observation
of different cases; in the family; in the neighbourhood; in the state;
and in the kingdom.
4. How do I know that this effect is sure to hold thus all under the
sky? By this (method of observation).
1. He who has in himself abundantly the attributes (of the Tao) is
like an infant. Poisonous insects will not sting him; fierce beasts
will not seize him; birds of prey will not strike him.
2. (The infant's) bones are weak and its M
sinews soft, but yet its
grasp is firm. It knows not yet the union of male and female, and
yet its virile member may be excited;--showing the perfection of its
physical essence. All day long it will cry without its throat becoming
hoarse;--showing the harmony (in its constitution).
3. To him by whom this harmony is known,
(The secret of) the unchanging (Tao) is shown,
And in the knowledge wisdom finds its throne.
All life-increasing arts to evil turn;
Where the mind makes the vital breath to burn,
the strength, (and o'er it we should mourn.)
4. When things have become strong, they (then) become old, which may
be said to be contrary to the Tao. Whatever is contrary to the Tao
1. He who knows (the Tao) does not (care to) speak (about it); he
who is (ever ready to) speak about it does not know it.
2. He (who knows it) will keep his mouth shut and close the portals
(of his nostrils). He will blunt his sharp points and unravel the
complications of things; he will attemper his brightM
himself into agreement with the obscurity (of others). This is called
'the Mysterious Agreement.'
3. (Such an one) cannot be treated familiarly or distantly; he is
beyond all consideration of profit or injury; of nobility or meanness:--he
is the noblest man under heaven.
1. A state may be ruled by (measures of) correction; weapons of war
may be used with crafty dexterity; (but) the kingdom is made one's
own (only) by freedom from action and purpose.
2. How do I know that it is so?M
By these facts:--In the kingdom the
multiplication of prohibitive enactments increases the poverty of
the people; the more implements to add to their profit that the people
have, the greater disorder is there in the state and clan; the more
acts of crafty dexterity that men possess, the more do strange contrivances
appear; the more display there is of legislation, the more thieves
and robbers there are.
3. Therefore a sage has said, 'I will do nothing (of purpose), and
the people will be transformed of themselveM
s; I will be fond of keeping
still, and the people will of themselves become correct. I will take
no trouble about it, and the people will of themselves become rich;
I will manifest no ambition, and the people will of themselves attain
to the primitive simplicity.'
1. The government that seems the most unwise,
Oft goodness to the people best supplies;
That which is meddling, touching everything,
Will work but ill, and disappointment bring. Misery!--happiness is
to be found by its side! Happiness!-M
-misery lurks beneath it! Who
knows what either will come to in the end?
2. Shall we then dispense with correction? The (method of) correction
shall by a turn become distortion, and the good in it shall by a turn
become evil. The delusion of the people (on this point) has indeed
subsisted for a long time.
3. Therefore the sage is (like) a square which cuts no one (with its
angles); (like) a corner which injures no one (with its sharpness).
He is straightforward, but allows himself no license; he is bright,
1. For regulating the human (in our constitution) and rendering the
(proper) service to the heavenly, there is nothing like moderation.
2. It is only by this moderation that there is effected an early return
(to man's normal state). That early return is what I call the repeated
accumulation of the attributes (of the Tao). With that repeated accumulation
of those attributes, there comes the subjugation (of every obstacle
to such return). Of this subjugation we know not what shall be M
limit; and when one knows not what the limit shall be, he may be the
3. He who possesses the mother of the state may continue long. His
case is like that (of the plant) of which we say that its roots are
deep and its flower stalks firm:--this is the way to secure that its
enduring life shall long be seen.
1. Governing a great state is like cooking small fish.
2. Let the kingdom be governed according to the Tao, and the manes
of the departed will not manifest their spiritual M
that those manes have not that spiritual energy, but it will not be
employed to hurt men. It is not that it could not hurt men, but neither
does the ruling sage hurt them.
3. When these two do not injuriously affect each other, their good
influences converge in the virtue (of the Tao).
1. What makes a great state is its being (like) a low-lying, down-
flowing (stream);--it becomes the centre to which tend (all the small
states) under heaven.
2. (To illustrate from) the case of aM
ll females:--the female always
overcomes the male by her stillness. Stillness may be considered (a
sort of) abasement.
3. Thus it is that a great state, by condescending to small states,
gains them for itself; and that small states, by abasing themselves
to a great state, win it over to them. In the one case the abasement
leads to gaining adherents, in the other case to procuring favour.
4. The great state only wishes to unite men together and nourish them;
a small state only wishes to be received by, and to serM
Each gets what it desires, but the great state must learn to abase
1. Tao has of all things the most honoured place.
No treasures give good men so rich a grace;
Bad men it guards, and doth their ill efface.
2. (Its) admirable words can purchase honour; (its) admirable deeds
can raise their performer above others. Even men who are not good
are not abandoned by it.
3. Therefore when the sovereign occupies his place as the Son of Heaven,
and he has appointed his three ducal M
ministers, though (a prince)
were to send in a round symbol-of-rank large enough to fill both the
hands, and that as the precursor of the team of horses (in the court-yard),
such an offering would not be equal to (a lesson of) this Tao, which
one might present on his knees.
4. Why was it that the ancients prized this Tao so much? Was it not
because it could be got by seeking for it, and the guilty could escape
(from the stain of their guilt) by it? This is the reason why all
under heaven consider it the most valuM
1. (It is the way of the Tao) to act without (thinking of) acting;
to conduct affairs without (feeling the) trouble of them; to taste
without discerning any flavour; to consider what is small as great,
and a few as many; and to recompense injury with kindness.
2. (The master of it) anticipates things that are difficult while
they are easy, and does things that would become great while they
are small. All difficult things in the world are sure to arise from
a previous state in which they M
were easy, and all great things from
one in which they were small. Therefore the sage, while he never does
what is great, is able on that account to accomplish the greatest
3. He who lightly promises is sure to keep but little faith; he who
is continually thinking things easy is sure to find them difficult.
Therefore the sage sees difficulty even in what seems easy, and so
never has any difficulties.
1. That which is at rest is easily kept hold of; before a thing has
given indications of itM
s presence, it is easy to take measures against
it; that which is brittle is easily broken; that which is very small
is easily dispersed. Action should be taken before a thing has made
its appearance; order should be secured before disorder has begun.
2. The tree which fills the arms grew from the tiniest sprout; the
tower of nine storeys rose from a (small) heap of earth; the journey
of a thousand li commenced with a single step.
3. He who acts (with an ulterior purpose) does harm; he who takes
(in the same way) loses his hold. The sage does not
act (so), and therefore does no harm; he does not lay hold (so), and
therefore does not lose his bold. (But) people in their conduct of
affairs are constantly ruining them when they are on the eve of success.
If they were careful at the end, as (they should be) at the beginning,
they would not so ruin them.
4. Therefore the sage desires what (other men) do not desire, and
does not prize things difficult to get; he learns what (other men)
do not learn, and turns M
back to what the multitude of men have passed
by. Thus he helps the natural development of all things, and does
not dare to act (with an ulterior purpose of his own).
1. The ancients who showed their skill in practising the Tao did so,
not to enlighten the people, but rather to make them simple and ignorant.
2. The difficulty in governing the people arises from their having
much knowledge. He who (tries to) govern a state by his wisdom is
a scourge to it; while he who does not (try to) do so is a blM
3. He who knows these two things finds in them also his model and
rule. Ability to know this model and rule constitutes what we call
the mysterious excellence (of a governor). Deep and far-reaching is
such mysterious excellence, showing indeed its possessor as opposite
to others, but leading them to a great conformity to him.
1. That whereby the rivers and seas are able to receive the homage
and tribute of all the valley streams, is their skill in being lower
than they;--it is thus that they M
are the kings of them all. So it
is that the sage (ruler), wishing to be above men, puts himself by
his words below them, and, wishing to be before them, places his person
2. In this way though he has his place above them, men do not feel
his weight, nor though he has his place before them, do they feel
it an injury to them.
3. Therefore all in the world delight to exalt him and do not weary
of him. Because he does not strive, no one finds it possible to strive
orld says that, while my Tao is great, it yet appears
to be inferior (to other systems of teaching). Now it is just its
greatness that makes it seem to be inferior. If it were like any other
(system), for long would its smallness have been known!
2. But I have three precious things which I prize and hold fast. The
first is gentleness; the second is economy; and the third is shrinking
from taking precedence of others.
3. With that gentleness I can be bold; with that economy I can be
liberal; shrinking from takiM
ng precedence of others, I can become
a vessel of the highest honour. Now-a-days they give up gentleness
and are all for being bold; economy, and are all for being liberal;
the hindmost place, and seek only to be foremost;--(of all which the
4. Gentleness is sure to be victorious even in battle, and firmly
to maintain its ground. Heaven will save its possessor, by his (very)
gentleness protecting him.
He who in (Tao's) wars has skill
Assumes no martial port;
He who fights with mostM
To rage makes no resort.
He who vanquishes yet still
Keeps from his foes apart;
He whose hests men most fulfil
Yet humbly plies his art.
Thus we say, 'He ne'er contends,
And therein is his might.'
Thus we say, 'Men's wills he bends,
That they with him unite.'
Thus we say, 'Like Heaven's his ends,
No sage of old more bright.'
1. A master of the art of war has said, 'I do not dare to be the host
(to commence the war); I prefer to be the guest (to act on the defensive).
are to advance an inch; I prefer to retire a foot.' This
is called marshalling the ranks where there are no ranks; baring the
arms (to fight) where there are no arms to bare; grasping the weapon
where there is no weapon to grasp; advancing against the enemy where
2. There is no calamity greater than lightly engaging in war. To do
that is near losing (the gentleness) which is so precious. Thus it
is that when opposing weapons are (actually) crossed, he who deplores
(the situation) conquers.
1. My words are very easy to know, and very easy to practise; but
there is no one in the world who is able to know and able to practise
2. There is an originating and all-comprehending (principle) in my
words, and an authoritative law for the things (which I enforce).
It is because they do not know these, that men do not know me.
3. They who know me are few, and I am on that account (the more) to
be prized. It is thus that the sage wears (a poor garb of) hair cloth,
while he carries his (signet M
of) jade in his bosom.
1. To know and yet (think) we do not know is the highest (attainment);
not to know (and yet think) we do know is a disease.
2. It is simply by being pained at (the thought of) having this disease
that we are preserved from it. The sage has not the disease. He knows
the pain that would be inseparable from it, and therefore he does
1. When the people do not fear what they ought to fear, that which
is their great dread will come on them.
not thoughtlessly indulge themselves in their ordinary
life; let them not act as if weary of what that life depends on.
3. It is by avoiding such indulgence that such weariness does not
4. Therefore the sage knows (these things) of himself, but does not
parade (his knowledge); loves, but does not (appear to set a) value
on, himself. And thus he puts the latter alternative away and makes
choice of the former.
1. He whose boldness appears in his daring (to do wrong, in defiance
is put to death; he whose boldness appears in his not
daring (to do so) lives on. Of these two cases the one appears to
be advantageous, and the other to be injurious. But
When Heaven's anger smites a man,
Who the cause shall truly scan? On this account the sage feels a difficulty
(as to what to do in the former case).
2. It is the way of Heaven not to strive, and yet it skilfully overcomes;
not to speak, and yet it is skilful in (obtaining a reply; does not
call, and yet men come to it of themselves. Its demoM
quiet, and yet its plans are skilful and effective. The meshes of
the net of Heaven are large; far apart, but letting nothing escape.
1. The people do not fear death; to what purpose is it to (try to)
frighten them with death? If the people were always in awe of death,
and I could always seize those who do wrong, and put them to death,
who would dare to do wrong?
2. There is always One who presides over the infliction death. He
who would inflict death in the room of him who so presideM
may be described as hewing wood instead of a great carpenter. Seldom
is it that he who undertakes the hewing, instead of the great carpenter,
does not cut his own hands!
1. The people suffer from famine because of the multitude of taxes
consumed by their superiors. It is through this that they suffer famine.
2. The people are difficult to govern because of the (excessive) agency
of their superiors (in governing them). It is through this that they
are difficult to govern.
ke light of dying because of the greatness of their
labours in seeking for the means of living. It is this which makes
them think light of dying. Thus it is that to leave the subject of
living altogether out of view is better than to set a high value on
1. Man at his birth is supple and weak; at his death, firm and strong.
(So it is with) all things. Trees and plants, in their early growth,
are soft and brittle; at their death, dry and withered.
2. Thus it is that firmness and strength are the M
concomitants of death;
softness and weakness, the concomitants of life.
3. Hence he who (relies on) the strength of his forces does not conquer;
and a tree which is strong will fill the out-stretched arms, (and
thereby invites the feller.)
4. Therefore the place of what is firm and strong is below, and that
of what is soft and weak is above.
1. May not the Way (or Tao) of Heaven be compared to the (method of)
bending a bow? The (part of the bow) which was high is brought low,
and what was low is M
raised up. (So Heaven) diminishes where there
is superabundance, and supplements where there is deficiency.
2. It is the Way of Heaven to diminish superabundance, and to supplement
deficiency. It is not so with the way of man. He takes away from those
who have not enough to add to his own superabundance.
3. Who can take his own superabundance and therewith serve all under
heaven? Only he who is in possession of the Tao!
4. Therefore the (ruling) sage acts without claiming the results as
his; he achieves his meM
rit and does not rest (arrogantly) in it:--he
does not wish to display his superiority.
1. There is nothing in the world more soft and weak than water, and
yet for attacking things that are firm and strong there is nothing
that can take precedence of it;--for there is nothing (so effectual)
for which it can be changed.
2. Every one in the world knows that the soft overcomes the hard,
and the weak the strong, but no one is able to carry it out in practice.
3. Therefore a sage has said,
epts his state's reproach,
Is hailed therefore its altars' lord;
To him who bears men's direful woes
They all the name of King accord.'
4. Words that are strictly true seem to be paradoxical.
1. When a reconciliation is effected (between two parties) after a
great animosity, there is sure to be a grudge remaining (in the mind
of the one who was wrong). And how can this be beneficial (to the
2. Therefore (to guard against this), the sage keeps the left-hand
portion of the record of the M
engagement, and does not insist on the
(speedy) fulfilment of it by the other party. (So), he who has the
attributes (of the Tao) regards (only) the conditions of the engagement,
while he who has not those attributes regards only the conditions
favourable to himself.
3. In the Way of Heaven, there is no partiality of love; it is always
on the side of the good man.
1. In a little state with a small population, I would so order it,
that, though there were individuals with the abilities of ten or a
ndred men, there should be no employment of them; I would make the
people, while looking on death as a grievous thing, yet not remove
elsewhere (to avoid it).
2. Though they had boats and carriages, they should have no occasion
to ride in them; though they had buff coats and sharp weapons, they
should have no occasion to don or use them.
3. I would make the people return to the use of knotted cords (instead
of the written characters).
4. They should think their (coarse) food sweet; their (plain) clothes
iful; their (poor) dwellings places of rest; and their common
(simple) ways sources of enjoyment.
5. There should be a neighbouring state within sight, and the voices
of the fowls and dogs should be heard all the way from it to us, but
I would make the people to old age, even to death, not have any intercourse
1. Sincere words are not fine; fine words are not sincere. Those who
are skilled (in the Tao) do not dispute (about it); the disputatious
are not skilled in it. Those who know (the TM
ao) are not extensively
learned; the extensively learned do not know it.
2. The sage does not accumulate (for himself). The more that he expends
for others, the more does he possess of his own; the more that he
gives to others, the more does he have himself.
3. With all the sharpness of the Way of Heaven, it injures not; with
all the doing in the way of the sage he does not strive.
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How you, O Athenians, have been affected by my accusers, I cannot tell;
but I know that they almost made me forget who I was
did they speak; and yet they have hardly uttered a word of truth. But
of the many falsehoods told by them, there was one which quite amazed
I mean when they said that you should be upon your guard and not
allow yourselves to be deceived by the force of my eloquence. To say
this, when they were certain to be detected as soon as I openedM
and proved myself to be anything but a great speaker, did indeed appear
to me most shameless
unless by the force of eloquence they mean the
force of truth; for if such is their meaning, I admit that I am
eloquent. But in how different a way from theirs! Well, as I was
saying, they have scarcely spoken the truth at all; but from me you
shall hear the whole truth: not, however, delivered after their manner
in a set oration duly ornamented with words and phrases. No, by heaven!
but I shall use the wM
ords and arguments which occur to me at the
moment; for I am confident in the justice of my cause (Or, I am certain
that I am right in taking this course.): at my time of life I ought not
to be appearing before you, O men of Athens, in the character of a
let no one expect it of me. And I must beg of you to
If I defend myself in my accustomed manner, and you
hear me using the words which I have been in the habit of using in the
agora, at the tables of the money-changers,M
or anywhere else, I would
ask you not to be surprised, and not to interrupt me on this account.
For I am more than seventy years of age, and appearing now for the
first time in a court of law, I am quite a stranger to the language of
the place; and therefore I would have you regard me as if I were really
a stranger, whom you would excuse if he spoke in his native tongue, and
after the fashion of his country:
Am I making an unfair request of you?
Never mind the manner, which may or may not be good; but thiM
the truth of my words, and give heed to that: let the speaker speak
truly and the judge decide justly.
And first, I have to reply to the older charges and to my first
accusers, and then I will go on to the later ones. For of old I have
had many accusers, who have accused me falsely to you during many
years; and I am more afraid of them than of Anytus and his associates,
who are dangerous, too, in their own way. But far more dangerous are
the others, who began when you were children, and took poM
your minds with their falsehoods, telling of one Socrates, a wise man,
who speculated about the heaven above, and searched into the earth
beneath, and made the worse appear the better cause. The disseminators
of this tale are the accusers whom I dread; for their hearers are apt
to fancy that such enquirers do not believe in the existence of the
gods. And they are many, and their charges against me are of ancient
date, and they were made by them in the days when you were more
impressible than youM
in childhood, or it may have been in
and the cause when heard went by default, for there was none to
answer. And hardest of all, I do not know and cannot tell the names of
my accusers; unless in the chance case of a Comic poet. All who from
envy and malice have persuaded you
some of them having first convinced
all this class of men are most difficult to deal with; for I
cannot have them up here, and cross-examine them, and therefore I must
simply fight with shadows in my ownM
defence, and argue when there is no
one who answers. I will ask you then to assume with me, as I was
saying, that my opponents are of two kinds; one recent, the other
ancient: and I hope that you will see the propriety of my answering the
latter first, for these accusations you heard long before the others,
Well, then, I must make my defence, and endeavour to clear away in a
short time, a slander which has lasted a long time. May I succeed, if
to succeed be for my good and yours, or likM
ely to avail me in my cause!
The task is not an easy one; I quite understand the nature of it. And
so leaving the event with God, in obedience to the law I will now make
I will begin at the beginning, and ask what is the accusation which has
given rise to the slander of me, and in fact has encouraged Meletus to
proof this charge against me. Well, what do the slanderers say? They
shall be my prosecutors, and I will sum up their words in an affidavit:
Socrates is an evil-doer, and a curious pM
erson, who searches into
things under the earth and in heaven, and he makes the worse appear the
better cause; and he teaches the aforesaid doctrines to others.
is the nature of the accusation: it is just what you have yourselves
seen in the comedy of Aristophanes (Aristoph., Clouds.), who has
introduced a man whom he calls Socrates, going about and saying that he
walks in air, and talking a deal of nonsense concerning matters of
which I do not pretend to know either much or little
speak disparagingly of any one who is a student of natural philosophy.
I should be very sorry if Meletus could bring so grave a charge against
me. But the simple truth is, O Athenians, that I have nothing to do
with physical speculations. Very many of those here present are
witnesses to the truth of this, and to them I appeal. Speak then, you
who have heard me, and tell your neighbours whether any of you have
ever known me hold forth in few words or in many upon such
matters...You hear their answer. And M
from what they say of this part of
the charge you will be able to judge of the truth of the rest.
As little foundation is there for the report that I am a teacher, and
take money; this accusation has no more truth in it than the other.
Although, if a man were really able to instruct mankind, to receive
money for giving instruction would, in my opinion, be an honour to him.
There is Gorgias of Leontium, and Prodicus of Ceos, and Hippias of
Elis, who go the round of the cities, and are able to persuade the
young men to leave their own citizens by whom they might be taught for
nothing, and come to them whom they not only pay, but are thankful if
they may be allowed to pay them. There is at this time a Parian
philosopher residing in Athens, of whom I have heard; and I came to
hear of him in this way:
I came across a man who has spent a world of
money on the Sophists, Callias, the son of Hipponicus, and knowing that
he had sons, I asked him:
if your two sons were
foals or calves, thereM
would be no difficulty in finding some one to
put over them; we should hire a trainer of horses, or a farmer
probably, who would improve and perfect them in their own proper virtue
and excellence; but as they are human beings, whom are you thinking of
placing over them? Is there any one who understands human and political
virtue? You must have thought about the matter, for you have sons; is
country? and what does he charge?
is the man, and his charge is five min
Happy is Evenus, I said to
myself, if he really has this wisdom, and teaches at such a moderate
charge. Had I the same, I should have been very proud and conceited;
but the truth is that I have no knowledge of the kind.
I dare say, Athenians, that some one among you will reply,
Socrates, but what is the origin of these accusations which are brought
against you; there must have been something strange which you M
doing? All these rumours and this talk about you would never have
arisen if you had been like other men: tell us, then, what is the cause
of them, for we should be sorry to judge hastily of you.
this as a fair challenge, and I will endeavour to explain to you the
reason why I am called wise and have such an evil fame. Please to
attend then. And although some of you may think that I am joking, I
declare that I will tell you the entire truth. Men of Athens, this
reputation of mine haM
s come of a certain sort of wisdom which I
possess. If you ask me what kind of wisdom, I reply, wisdom such as may
perhaps be attained by man, for to that extent I am inclined to believe
that I am wise; whereas the persons of whom I was speaking have a
superhuman wisdom which I may fail to describe, because I have it not
myself; and he who says that I have, speaks falsely, and is taking away
my character. And here, O men of Athens, I must beg you not to
interrupt me, even if I seem to say something extravagaM
which I will speak is not mine. I will refer you to a witness who is
worthy of credit; that witness shall be the God of Delphi
you about my wisdom, if I have any, and of what sort it is. You must
have known Chaerephon; he was early a friend of mine, and also a friend
of yours, for he shared in the recent exile of the people, and returned
with you. Well, Chaerephon, as you know, was very impetuous in all his
doings, and he went to Delphi and boldly asked the oracle to tell him
as I was saying, I must beg you not to interrupt
oracle to tell him whether anyone was wiser than I was, and the Pythian
prophetess answered, that there was no man wiser. Chaerephon is dead
himself; but his brother, who is in court, will confirm the truth of
Why do I mention this? Because I am going to explain to you why I have
such an evil name. When I heard the answer, I said to myself, What can
the god mean? and what is the interpretation of his riddle? for I M
that I have no wisdom, small or great. What then can he mean when he
says that I am the wisest of men? And yet he is a god, and cannot lie;
that would be against his nature. After long consideration, I thought
of a method of trying the question. I reflected that if I could only
find a man wiser than myself, then I might go to the god with a
refutation in my hand. I should say to him,
Here is a man who is wiser
than I am; but you said that I was the wisest.
Accordingly I went to
putation of wisdom, and observed him
not mention; he was a politician whom I selected for examination
the result was as follows: When I began to talk with him, I could not
help thinking that he was not really wise, although he was thought wise
by many, and still wiser by himself; and thereupon I tried to explain
to him that he thought himself wise, but was not really wise; and the
consequence was that he hated me, and his enmity was shared by several
who were present and heard me. So M
I left him, saying to myself, as I
went away: Well, although I do not suppose that either of us knows
anything really beautiful and good, I am better off than he is,
knows nothing, and thinks that he knows; I neither know nor think that
I know. In this latter particular, then, I seem to have slightly the
advantage of him. Then I went to another who had still higher
pretensions to wisdom, and my conclusion was exactly the same.
Whereupon I made another enemy of him, and of many others besides him.
Then I went to one man after another, being not unconscious of the
enmity which I provoked, and I lamented and feared this: but necessity
the word of God, I thought, ought to be considered
first. And I said to myself, Go I must to all who appear to know, and
find out the meaning of the oracle. And I swear to you, Athenians, by
for I must tell you the truth
the result of my mission
was just this: I found that the men most in repute were all but the
most foolish; and tM
hat others less esteemed were really wiser and
better. I will tell you the tale of my wanderings and of the
labours, as I may call them, which I endured only to find
at last the oracle irrefutable. After the politicians, I went to the
poets; tragic, dithyrambic, and all sorts. And there, I said to myself,
you will be instantly detected; now you will find out that you are more
ignorant than they are. Accordingly, I took them some of the most
elaborate passages in their own writings, and asked M
thinking that they would teach me something. Will you
believe me? I am almost ashamed to confess the truth, but I must say
that there is hardly a person present who would not have talked better
about their poetry than they did themselves. Then I knew that not by
wisdom do poets write poetry, but by a sort of genius and inspiration;
they are like diviners or soothsayers who also say many fine things,
but do not understand the meaning of them. The poets appeared to me to
in the same case; and I further observed that upon the strength
of their poetry they believed themselves to be the wisest of men in
other things in which they were not wise. So I departed, conceiving
myself to be superior to them for the same reason that I was superior
At last I went to the artisans. I was conscious that I knew nothing at
all, as I may say, and I was sure that they knew many fine things; and
here I was not mistaken, for they did know many things of which I was
t, and in this they certainly were wiser than I was. But I
observed that even the good artisans fell into the same error as the
because they were good workmen they thought that they also knew
all sorts of high matters, and this defect in them overshadowed their
wisdom; and therefore I asked myself on behalf of the oracle, whether I
would like to be as I was, neither having their knowledge nor their
ignorance, or like them in both; and I made answer to myself and to the
oracle that I was better off aM
This inquisition has led to my having many enemies of the worst and
most dangerous kind, and has given occasion also to many calumnies. And
I am called wise, for my hearers always imagine that I myself possess
the wisdom which I find wanting in others: but the truth is, O men of
Athens, that God only is wise; and by his answer he intends to show
that the wisdom of men is worth little or nothing; he is not speaking
of Socrates, he is only using my name by way of illustration, as if he
men, is the wisest, who, like Socrates, knows that his
wisdom is in truth worth nothing. And so I go about the world, obedient
to the god, and search and make enquiry into the wisdom of any one,
whether citizen or stranger, who appears to be wise; and if he is not
wise, then in vindication of the oracle I show him that he is not wise;
and my occupation quite absorbs me, and I have no time to give either
to any public matter of interest or to any concern of my own, but I am
in utter poverty by reason of my deM
There is another thing:
young men of the richer classes, who have not
much to do, come about me of their own accord; they like to hear the
pretenders examined, and they often imitate me, and proceed to examine
others; there are plenty of persons, as they quickly discover, who
think that they know something, but really know little or nothing; and
then those who are examined by them instead of being angry with
themselves are angry with me: This confounded Socrates, they say; this
nous misleader of youth!
and then if somebody asks them, Why,
what evil does he practise or teach? they do not know, and cannot tell;
but in order that they may not appear to be at a loss, they repeat the
ready-made charges which are used against all philosophers about
teaching things up in the clouds and under the earth, and having no
gods, and making the worse appear the better cause; for they do not
like to confess that their pretence of knowledge has been
which is the truth; and as they are M
numerous and ambitious and
energetic, and are drawn up in battle array and have persuasive
tongues, they have filled your ears with their loud and inveterate
calumnies. And this is the reason why my three accusers, Meletus and
Anytus and Lycon, have set upon me; Meletus, who has a quarrel with me
on behalf of the poets; Anytus, on behalf of the craftsmen and
politicians; Lycon, on behalf of the rhetoricians: and as I said at the
beginning, I cannot expect to get rid of such a mass of calumny all in
. And this, O men of Athens, is the truth and the whole truth;
I have concealed nothing, I have dissembled nothing. And yet, I know
that my plainness of speech makes them hate me, and what is their
hatred but a proof that I am speaking the truth?
Hence has arisen the
prejudice against me; and this is the reason of it, as you will find
out either in this or in any future enquiry.
I have said enough in my defence against the first class of my
accusers; I turn to the second class. They are headed by MeletusM
good man and true lover of his country, as he calls himself. Against
these, too, I must try to make a defence:
Let their affidavit be read:
it contains something of this kind: It says that Socrates is a doer of
evil, who corrupts the youth; and who does not believe in the gods of
the state, but has other new divinities of his own. Such is the charge;
and now let us examine the particular counts. He says that I am a doer
of evil, and corrupt the youth; but I say, O men of Athens, that
oer of evil, in that he pretends to be in earnest when he
is only in jest, and is so eager to bring men to trial from a pretended
zeal and interest about matters in which he really never had the
smallest interest. And the truth of this I will endeavour to prove to
Come hither, Meletus, and let me ask a question of you. You think a
great deal about the improvement of youth?
Tell the judges, then, who is their improver; for you must know, as you
have taken the pains to discover their coM
rrupter, and are citing and
accusing me before them. Speak, then, and tell the judges who their
Observe, Meletus, that you are silent, and have nothing to
say. But is not this rather disgraceful, and a very considerable proof
of what I was saying, that you have no interest in the matter? Speak
up, friend, and tell us who their improver is.
But that, my good sir, is not my meaning. I want to know who the person
is, who, in the first place, knows the laws.
The judges, Socrates,M
who are present in court.
What, do you mean to say, Meletus, that they are able to instruct and
What, all of them, or some only and not others?
By the goddess Here, that is good news! There are plenty of improvers,
then. And what do you say of the audience,
do they improve them?
Yes, the senators improve them.
But perhaps the members of the assembly corrupt them?
Then every Athenian improves and elevates them; all with the exception
of myself; and I alone am their corrupter? Is that what you affirm?
That is what I stoutly affirm.
I am very unfortunate if you are right. But suppose I ask you a
question: How about horses? Does one man do them harm and all the world
good? Is not the exact opposite the truth? One man is able to do them
good, or at least not many;
the trainer of horses, that is to say, does
them good, and others who have to do with thM
em rather injure them? Is
not that true, Meletus, of horses, or of any other animals? Most
assuredly it is; whether you and Anytus say yes or no. Happy indeed
would be the condition of youth if they had one corrupter only, and all
the rest of the world were their improvers. But you, Meletus, have
sufficiently shown that you never had a thought about the young: your
carelessness is seen in your not caring about the very things which you
And now, Meletus, I will ask you another question
by Zeus I will: Which
is better, to live among bad citizens, or among good ones? Answer,
friend, I say; the question is one which may be easily answered. Do not
the good do their neighbours good, and the bad do them evil?
And is there anyone who would rather be injured than benefited by those
who live with him? Answer, my good friend, the law requires you to
does any one like to be injured?
And when you accuse me of corrupting and deteriorating the youth, do
allege that I corrupt them intentionally or unintentionally?
Intentionally, I say.
But you have just admitted that the good do their neighbours good, and
the evil do them evil. Now, is that a truth which your superior wisdom
has recognized thus early in life, and am I, at my age, in such
darkness and ignorance as not to know that if a man with whom I have to
live is corrupted by me, I am very likely to be harmed by him; and yet
I corrupt him, and intentionally, too
so you say, although neither I
ny other human being is ever likely to be convinced by you. But
either I do not corrupt them, or I corrupt them unintentionally; and on
either view of the case you lie. If my offence is unintentional, the
law has no cognizance of unintentional offences: you ought to have
taken me privately, and warned and admonished me; for if I had been
better advised, I should have left off doing what I only did
no doubt I should; but you would have nothing to say to
me and refused to teach me. And now yoM
u bring me up in this court,
which is a place not of instruction, but of punishment.
It will be very clear to you, Athenians, as I was saying, that Meletus
has no care at all, great or small, about the matter. But still I
should like to know, Meletus, in what I am affirmed to corrupt the
young. I suppose you mean, as I infer from your indictment, that I
teach them not to acknowledge the gods which the state acknowledges,
but some other new divinities or spiritual agencies in their stead.
sons by which I corrupt the youth, as you say.
Yes, that I say emphatically.
Then, by the gods, Meletus, of whom we are speaking, tell me and the
court, in somewhat plainer terms, what you mean! for I do not as yet
understand whether you affirm that I teach other men to acknowledge
some gods, and therefore that I do believe in gods, and am not an
this you do not lay to my charge,
but only you say that
they are not the same gods which the city recognizes
ifferent gods. Or, do you mean that I am an atheist simply,
and a teacher of atheism?
that you are a complete atheist.
What an extraordinary statement! Why do you think so, Meletus? Do you
mean that I do not believe in the godhead of the sun or moon, like
I assure you, judges, that he does not: for he says that the sun is
stone, and the moon earth.
Friend Meletus, you think that you are accusing Anaxagoras: and you
have but a bad opinion of the judges, if you fancy thM
such a degree as not to know that these doctrines are found in the
books of Anaxagoras the Clazomenian, which are full of them. And so,
forsooth, the youth are said to be taught them by Socrates, when there
are not unfrequently exhibitions of them at the theatre (Probably in
allusion to Aristophanes who caricatured, and to Euripides who borrowed
the notions of Anaxagoras, as well as to other dramatic poets.) (price
of admission one drachma at the most); and they might pay their money,
augh at Socrates if he pretends to father these extraordinary
views. And so, Meletus, you really think that I do not believe in any
I swear by Zeus that you believe absolutely in none at all.
Nobody will believe you, Meletus, and I am pretty sure that you do not
believe yourself. I cannot help thinking, men of Athens, that Meletus
is reckless and impudent, and that he has written this indictment in a
spirit of mere wantonness and youthful bravado. Has he not compounded a
riddle, thinking to try me?M
He said to himself:
I shall see whether the
wise Socrates will discover my facetious contradiction, or whether I
shall be able to deceive him and the rest of them. For he certainly
does appear to me to contradict himself in the indictment as much as if
he said that Socrates is guilty of not believing in the gods, and yet
of believing in them
but this is not like a person who is in earnest.
I should like you, O men of Athens, to join me in examining what I
conceive to be his inconsistency; and do you, M
Meletus, answer. And I
must remind the audience of my request that they would not make a
disturbance if I speak in my accustomed manner:
Did ever man, Meletus, believe in the existence of human things, and
not of human beings?...I wish, men of Athens, that he would answer, and
not be always trying to get up an interruption. Did ever any man
believe in horsemanship, and not in horses? or in flute-playing, and
not in flute-players? No, my friend; I will answer to you and to the
court, as you refuse to answeM
r for yourself. There is no man who ever
did. But now please to answer the next question: Can a man believe in
spiritual and divine agencies, and not in spirits or demigods?
How lucky I am to have extracted that answer, by the assistance of the
court! But then you swear in the indictment that I teach and believe in
divine or spiritual agencies (new or old, no matter for that); at any
rate, I believe in spiritual agencies,
so you say and swear in the
affidavit; and yet if I believe in divineM
beings, how can I help
believing in spirits or demigods;
must I not? To be sure I must; and
therefore I may assume that your silence gives consent. Now what are
spirits or demigods? Are they not either gods or the sons of gods?
But this is what I call the facetious riddle invented by you: the
demigods or spirits are gods, and you say first that I do not believe
in gods, and then again that I do believe in gods; that is, if I
believe in demigods. For if the demigods are the illegitM
gods, whether by the nymphs or by any other mothers, of whom they are
what human being will ever believe that there are
no gods if they are the sons of gods? You might as well affirm the
existence of mules, and deny that of horses and asses. Such nonsense,
Meletus, could only have been intended by you to make trial of me. You
have put this into the indictment because you had nothing real of which
to accuse me. But no one who has a particle of understanding will ever
nvinced by you that the same men can believe in divine and
superhuman things, and yet not believe that there are gods and demigods
I have said enough in answer to the charge of Meletus: any elaborate
defence is unnecessary, but I know only too well how many are the
enmities which I have incurred, and this is what will be my destruction
not Meletus, nor yet Anytus, but the envy and
detraction of the world, which has been the death of many good men, and
will probably be the M
death of many more; there is no danger of my being
Some one will say: And are you not ashamed, Socrates, of a course of
life which is likely to bring you to an untimely end? To him I may
fairly answer: There you are mistaken: a man who is good for anything
ought not to calculate the chance of living or dying; he ought only to
consider whether in doing anything he is doing right or wrong
the part of a good man or of a bad. Whereas, upon your view, the heroes
who fell at Troy wereM
not good for much, and the son of Thetis above
all, who altogether despised danger in comparison with disgrace; and
when he was so eager to slay Hector, his goddess mother said to him,
that if he avenged his companion Patroclus, and slew Hector, he would
she said, in these or the like words,
you next after Hector;
he, receiving this warning, utterly despised
danger and death, and instead of fearing them, feared rather to live in
dishonour, and not to avenge his frieM
Let me die forthwith,
and be avenged of my enemy, rather than abide here by the
beaked ships, a laughing-stock and a burden of the earth.
any thought of death and danger? For wherever a man
the place which he has chosen or that in which he has been placed by a
commander, there he ought to remain in the hour of danger; he should
not think of death or of anything but of disgrace. And this, O men of
Athens, is a true saying.
Strange, indeed, woulM
d be my conduct, O men of Athens, if I who, when I
was ordered by the generals whom you chose to command me at Potidaea
and Amphipolis and Delium, remained where they placed me, like any
other man, facing death
if now, when, as I conceive and imagine, God
orders me to fulfil the philosopher
s mission of searching into myself
and other men, I were to desert my post through fear of death, or any
other fear; that would indeed be strange, and I might justly be
arraigned in court for denying the existence of M
disobeyed the oracle because I was afraid of death, fancying that I was
wise when I was not wise. For the fear of death is indeed the pretence
of wisdom, and not real wisdom, being a pretence of knowing the
unknown; and no one knows whether death, which men in their fear
apprehend to be the greatest evil, may not be the greatest good. Is not
this ignorance of a disgraceful sort, the ignorance which is the
conceit that a man knows what he does not know? And in this respect
only I believe myselM
f to differ from men in general, and may perhaps
claim to be wiser than they are:
that whereas I know but little of the
world below, I do not suppose that I know: but I do know that injustice
and disobedience to a better, whether God or man, is evil and
dishonourable, and I will never fear or avoid a possible good rather
than a certain evil. And therefore if you let me go now, and are not
convinced by Anytus, who said that since I had been prosecuted I must
be put to death; (or if not that I ought never toM
have been prosecuted
at all); and that if I escape now, your sons will all be utterly ruined
by listening to my words
if you say to me, Socrates, this time we will
not mind Anytus, and you shall be let off, but upon one condition, that
you are not to enquire and speculate in this way any more, and that if
you are caught doing so again you shall die;
if this was the condition
on which you let me go, I should reply: Men of Athens, I honour and
love you; but I shall obey God rather than you, and while I haM
and strength I shall never cease from the practice and teaching of
philosophy, exhorting any one whom I meet and saying to him after my
manner: You, my friend,
a citizen of the great and mighty and wise city
are you not ashamed of heaping up the greatest amount of
money and honour and reputation, and caring so little about wisdom and
truth and the greatest improvement of the soul, which you never regard
or heed at all? And if the person with whom I am arguing, says: Yes,
; then I do not leave him or let him go at once; but I
proceed to interrogate and examine and cross-examine him, and if I
think that he has no virtue in him, but only says that he has, I
reproach him with undervaluing the greater, and overvaluing the less.
And I shall repeat the same words to every one whom I meet, young and
old, citizen and alien, but especially to the citizens, inasmuch as
they are my brethren. For know that this is the command of God; and I
believe that no greater good has ever happened iM
service to the God. For I do nothing but go about persuading you all,
old and young alike, not to take thought for your persons or your
properties, but first and chiefly to care about the greatest
improvement of the soul. I tell you that virtue is not given by money,
but that from virtue comes money and every other good of man, public as
well as private. This is my teaching, and if this is the doctrine which
corrupts the youth, I am a mischievous person. But if any one says that
not my teaching, he is speaking an untruth. Wherefore, O men of
Athens, I say to you, do as Anytus bids or not as Anytus bids, and
either acquit me or not; but whichever you do, understand that I shall
never alter my ways, not even if I have to die many times.
Men of Athens, do not interrupt, but hear me; there was an
understanding between us that you should hear me to the end: I have
something more to say, at which you may be inclined to cry out; but I
believe that to hear me will be good for you, and theM
you will not cry out. I would have you know, that if you kill such an
one as I am, you will injure yourselves more than you will injure me.
Nothing will injure me, not Meletus nor yet Anytus
bad man is not permitted to injure a better than himself. I do not deny
that Anytus may, perhaps, kill him, or drive him into exile, or deprive
him of civil rights; and he may imagine, and others may imagine, that
he is inflicting a great injury upon him: but there I do not agree. FM
the evil of doing as he is doing
the evil of unjustly taking away the
And now, Athenians, I am not going to argue for my own sake, as you may
think, but for yours, that you may not sin against the God by
condemning me, who am his gift to you. For if you kill me you will not
easily find a successor to me, who, if I may use such a ludicrous
figure of speech, am a sort of gadfly, given to the state by God; and
the state is a great and noble steed who is tardy in his motM
to his very size, and requires to be stirred into life. I am that
gadfly which God has attached to the state, and all day long and in all
places am always fastening upon you, arousing and persuading and
reproaching you. You will not easily find another like me, and
therefore I would advise you to spare me. I dare say that you may feel
out of temper (like a person who is suddenly awakened from sleep), and
you think that you might easily strike me dead as Anytus advises, and
then you would sleep onM
for the remainder of your lives, unless God in
his care of you sent you another gadfly. When I say that I am given to
you by God, the proof of my mission is this:
if I had been like other
men, I should not have neglected all my own concerns or patiently seen
the neglect of them during all these years, and have been doing yours,
coming to you individually like a father or elder brother, exhorting
you to regard virtue; such conduct, I say, would be unlike human
nature. If I had gained anything, or if my exhM
ortations had been paid,
there would have been some sense in my doing so; but now, as you will
perceive, not even the impudence of my accusers dares to say that I
have ever exacted or sought pay of any one; of that they have no
witness. And I have a sufficient witness to the truth of what I say
Some one may wonder why I go about in private giving advice and busying
myself with the concerns of others, but do not venture to come forward
in public and advise the state. I will tell you why. You M
speak at sundry times and in divers places of an oracle or sign which
comes to me, and is the divinity which Meletus ridicules in the
indictment. This sign, which is a kind of voice, first began to come to
me when I was a child; it always forbids but never commands me to do
anything which I am going to do. This is what deters me from being a
politician. And rightly, as I think. For I am certain, O men of Athens,
that if I had engaged in politics, I should have perished long ago, and
od either to you or to myself. And do not be offended at my
telling you the truth: for the truth is, that no man who goes to war
with you or any other multitude, honestly striving against the many
lawless and unrighteous deeds which are done in a state, will save his
life; he who will fight for the right, if he would live even for a
brief space, must have a private station and not a public one.
I can give you convincing evidence of what I say, not words only, but
what you value far more
elate to you a passage of my
own life which will prove to you that I should never have yielded to
injustice from any fear of death, and that
as I should have refused to
I must have died at once. I will tell you a tale of the courts,
not very interesting perhaps, but nevertheless true. The only office of
state which I ever held, O men of Athens, was that of senator: the
tribe Antiochis, which is my tribe, had the presidency at the trial of
the generals who had not taken up the bodies of the slain M
battle of Arginusae; and you proposed to try them in a body, contrary
to law, as you all thought afterwards; but at the time I was the only
one of the Prytanes who was opposed to the illegality, and I gave my
vote against you; and when the orators threatened to impeach and arrest
me, and you called and shouted, I made up my mind that I would run the
risk, having law and justice with me, rather than take part in your
injustice because I feared imprisonment and death. This happened in the
e democracy. But when the oligarchy of the Thirty was in
power, they sent for me and four others into the rotunda, and bade us
bring Leon the Salaminian from Salamis, as they wanted to put him to
death. This was a specimen of the sort of commands which they were
always giving with the view of implicating as many as possible in their
crimes; and then I showed, not in word only but in deed, that, if I may
be allowed to use such an expression, I cared not a straw for death,
and that my great and only care was lM
est I should do an unrighteous or
unholy thing. For the strong arm of that oppressive power did not
frighten me into doing wrong; and when we came out of the rotunda the
other four went to Salamis and fetched Leon, but I went quietly home.
For which I might have lost my life, had not the power of the Thirty
shortly afterwards come to an end. And many will witness to my words.
Now do you really imagine that I could have survived all these years,
if I had led a public life, supposing that like a good man I hM
maintained the right and had made justice, as I ought, the first thing?
No indeed, men of Athens, neither I nor any other man. But I have been
always the same in all my actions, public as well as private, and never
have I yielded any base compliance to those who are slanderously termed
my disciples, or to any other. Not that I have any regular disciples.
But if any one likes to come and hear me while I am pursuing my
mission, whether he be young or old, he is not excluded. Nor do I
ith those who pay; but any one, whether he be rich or
poor, may ask and answer me and listen to my words; and whether he
turns out to be a bad man or a good one, neither result can be justly
imputed to me; for I never taught or professed to teach him anything.
And if any one says that he has ever learned or heard anything from me
in private which all the world has not heard, let me tell you that he
But I shall be asked, Why do people delight in continually conversing
with you? I have told you alM
ready, Athenians, the whole truth about
this matter: they like to hear the cross-examination of the pretenders
to wisdom; there is amusement in it. Now this duty of cross-examining
other men has been imposed upon me by God; and has been signified to me
by oracles, visions, and in every way in which the will of divine power
was ever intimated to any one. This is true, O Athenians, or, if not
true, would be soon refuted. If I am or have been corrupting the youth,
those of them who are now grown up and have becM
ome sensible that I gave
them bad advice in the days of their youth should come forward as
accusers, and take their revenge; or if they do not like to come
themselves, some of their relatives, fathers, brothers, or other
kinsmen, should say what evil their families have suffered at my hands.
Now is their time. Many of them I see in the court. There is Crito, who
is of the same age and of the same deme with myself, and there is
Critobulus his son, whom I also see. Then again there is Lysanias of
o is the father of Aeschines
he is present; and also there
is Antiphon of Cephisus, who is the father of Epigenes; and there are
the brothers of several who have associated with me. There is
Nicostratus the son of Theosdotides, and the brother of Theodotus (now
Theodotus himself is dead, and therefore he, at any rate, will not seek
to stop him); and there is Paralus the son of Demodocus, who had a
brother Theages; and Adeimantus the son of Ariston, whose brother Plato
is present; and Aeantodorus, who is thM
e brother of Apollodorus, whom I
also see. I might mention a great many others, some of whom Meletus
should have produced as witnesses in the course of his speech; and let
him still produce them, if he has forgotten
I will make way for him.
And let him say, if he has any testimony of the sort which he can
produce. Nay, Athenians, the very opposite is the truth. For all these
are ready to witness on behalf of the corrupter, of the injurer of
their kindred, as Meletus and Anytus call me; not the corrupted yoM
there might have been a motive for that
but their uncorrupted
elder relatives. Why should they too support me with their testimony?
Why, indeed, except for the sake of truth and justice, and because they
know that I am speaking the truth, and that Meletus is a liar.
Well, Athenians, this and the like of this is all the defence which I
have to offer. Yet a word more. Perhaps there may be some one who is
offended at me, when he calls to mind how he himself on a similar, or
even a less serious oM
ccasion, prayed and entreated the judges with many
tears, and how he produced his children in court, which was a moving
spectacle, together with a host of relations and friends; whereas I,
who am probably in danger of my life, will do none of these things. The
contrast may occur to his mind, and he may be set against me, and vote
in anger because he is displeased at me on this account. Now if there
be such a person among you,
mind, I do not say that there is,
may fairly reply: My friend, I am a M
man, and like other men, a creature
of flesh and blood, and not
as Homer says; and I
have a family, yes, and sons, O Athenians, three in number, one almost
a man, and two others who are still young; and yet I will not bring any
of them hither in order to petition you for an acquittal. And why not?
Not from any self-assertion or want of respect for you. Whether I am or
am not afraid of death is another question, of which I will not now
speak. But, having regard to public opinion, I feeM
would be discreditable to myself, and to you, and to the whole state.
One who has reached my years, and who has a name for wisdom, ought not
to demean himself. Whether this opinion of me be deserved or not, at
any rate the world has decided that Socrates is in some way superior to
other men. And if those among you who are said to be superior in wisdom
and courage, and any other virtue, demean themselves in this way, how
shameful is their conduct! I have seen men of reputation, when they
have been condemned, behaving in the strangest manner: they seemed to
fancy that they were going to suffer something dreadful if they died,
and that they could be immortal if you only allowed them to live; and I
think that such are a dishonour to the state, and that any stranger
coming in would have said of them that the most eminent men of Athens,
to whom the Athenians themselves give honour and command, are no better
than women. And I say that these things ought not to be done by those
of us who have a repM
utation; and if they are done, you ought not to
permit them; you ought rather to show that you are far more disposed to
condemn the man who gets up a doleful scene and makes the city
ridiculous, than him who holds his peace.
But, setting aside the question of public opinion, there seems to be
something wrong in asking a favour of a judge, and thus procuring an
acquittal, instead of informing and convincing him. For his duty is,
not to make a present of justice, but to give judgment; and he has
he will judge according to the laws, and not according to
his own good pleasure; and we ought not to encourage you, nor should
you allow yourselves to be encouraged, in this habit of perjury
can be no piety in that. Do not then require me to do what I consider
dishonourable and impious and wrong, especially now, when I am being
tried for impiety on the indictment of Meletus. For if, O men of
Athens, by force of persuasion and entreaty I could overpower your
oaths, then I should be teaching you to belM
ieve that there are no gods,
and in defending should simply convict myself of the charge of not
believing in them. But that is not so
far otherwise. For I do believe
that there are gods, and in a sense higher than that in which any of my
accusers believe in them. And to you and to God I commit my cause, to
be determined by you as is best for you and me.
There are many reasons why I am not grieved, O men of Athens, at the
vote of condemnation. I expected it, and am only surprised that the
nearly equal; for I had thought that the majority against
me would have been far larger; but now, had thirty votes gone over to
the other side, I should have been acquitted. And I may say, I think,
that I have escaped Meletus. I may say more; for without the assistance
of Anytus and Lycon, any one may see that he would not have had a fifth
part of the votes, as the law requires, in which case he would have
incurred a fine of a thousand drachmae.
And so he proposes death as the penalty. And what shall I proM
part, O men of Athens? Clearly that which is my due. And what is my
due? What return shall be made to the man who has never had the wit to
be idle during his whole life; but has been careless of what the many
wealth, and family interests, and military offices, and
speaking in the assembly, and magistracies, and plots, and parties.
Reflecting that I was really too honest a man to be a politician and
live, I did not go where I could do no good to you or to myself; but
where I could do thM
e greatest good privately to every one of you,
thither I went, and sought to persuade every man among you that he must
look to himself, and seek virtue and wisdom before he looks to his
private interests, and look to the state before he looks to the
interests of the state; and that this should be the order which he
observes in all his actions. What shall be done to such an one?
Doubtless some good thing, O men of Athens, if he has his reward; and
the good should be of a kind suitable to him. What would be a M
suitable to a poor man who is your benefactor, and who desires leisure
that he may instruct you? There can be no reward so fitting as
maintenance in the Prytaneum, O men of Athens, a reward which he
deserves far more than the citizen who has won the prize at Olympia in
the horse or chariot race, whether the chariots were drawn by two
horses or by many. For I am in want, and he has enough; and he only
gives you the appearance of happiness, and I give you the reality. And
if I am to estimate the penaltM
y fairly, I should say that maintenance
in the Prytaneum is the just return.
Perhaps you think that I am braving you in what I am saying now, as in
what I said before about the tears and prayers. But this is not so. I
speak rather because I am convinced that I never intentionally wronged
any one, although I cannot convince you
the time has been too short; if
there were a law at Athens, as there is in other cities, that a capital
cause should not be decided in one day, then I believe that I should
onvinced you. But I cannot in a moment refute great slanders;
and, as I am convinced that I never wronged another, I will assuredly
not wrong myself. I will not say of myself that I deserve any evil, or
propose any penalty. Why should I? because I am afraid of the penalty
of death which Meletus proposes? When I do not know whether death is a
good or an evil, why should I propose a penalty which would certainly
be an evil? Shall I say imprisonment? And why should I live in prison,
and be the slave of the magiM
of the Eleven? Or shall
the penalty be a fine, and imprisonment until the fine is paid? There
is the same objection. I should have to lie in prison, for money I have
none, and cannot pay. And if I say exile (and this may possibly be the
penalty which you will affix), I must indeed be blinded by the love of
life, if I am so irrational as to expect that when you, who are my own
citizens, cannot endure my discourses and words, and have found them so
grievous and odious that you will have nM
o more of them, others are
likely to endure me. No indeed, men of Athens, that is not very likely.
And what a life should I lead, at my age, wandering from city to city,
ever changing my place of exile, and always being driven out! For I am
quite sure that wherever I go, there, as here, the young men will flock
to me; and if I drive them away, their elders will drive me out at
their request; and if I let them come, their fathers and friends will
drive me out for their sakes.
Some one will say: Yes, SocratM
es, but cannot you hold your tongue, and
then you may go into a foreign city, and no one will interfere with
you? Now I have great difficulty in making you understand my answer to
this. For if I tell you that to do as you say would be a disobedience
to the God, and therefore that I cannot hold my tongue, you will not
believe that I am serious; and if I say again that daily to discourse
about virtue, and of those other things about which you hear me
examining myself and others, is the greatest good of man, anM
unexamined life is not worth living, you are still less likely to
believe me. Yet I say what is true, although a thing of which it is
hard for me to persuade you. Also, I have never been accustomed to
think that I deserve to suffer any harm. Had I money I might have
estimated the offence at what I was able to pay, and not have been much
the worse. But I have none, and therefore I must ask you to proportion
the fine to my means. Well, perhaps I could afford a mina, and
therefore I propose that penM
alty: Plato, Crito, Critobulus, and
Apollodorus, my friends here, bid me say thirty min
the sureties. Let thirty min
be the penalty; for which sum they will
be ample security to you.
Not much time will be gained, O Athenians, in return for the evil name
which you will get from the detractors of the city, who will say that
you killed Socrates, a wise man; for they will call me wise, even
although I am not wise, when they want to reproach you. If you had
waited a little while, your dM
esire would have been fulfilled in the
course of nature. For I am far advanced in years, as you may perceive,
and not far from death. I am speaking now not to all of you, but only
to those who have condemned me to death. And I have another thing to
say to them: you think that I was convicted because I had no words of
the sort which would have procured my acquittal
thought fit to leave nothing undone or unsaid. Not so; the deficiency
which led to my conviction was not of words
not the boldness or impudence or inclination to address you as you
would have liked me to do, weeping and wailing and lamenting, and
saying and doing many things which you have been accustomed to hear
from others, and which, as I maintain, are unworthy of me. I thought at
the time that I ought not to do anything common or mean when in danger:
nor do I now repent of the style of my defence; I would rather die
having spoken after my manner, than speak in your manner and live. For
nor yet at law ought I or any man to use every way of
escaping death. Often in battle there can be no doubt that if a man
will throw away his arms, and fall on his knees before his pursuers, he
may escape death; and in other dangers there are other ways of escaping
death, if a man is willing to say and do anything. The difficulty, my
friends, is not to avoid death, but to avoid unrighteousness; for that
runs faster than death. I am old and move slowly, and the slower runner
has overtaken me, and my accusers M
are keen and quick, and the faster
runner, who is unrighteousness, has overtaken them. And now I depart
hence condemned by you to suffer the penalty of death,
their ways condemned by the truth to suffer the penalty of villainy and
wrong; and I must abide by my award
let them abide by theirs. I suppose
that these things may be regarded as fated,
and I think that they are
And now, O men who have condemned me, I would fain prophesy to you; for
I am about to die, and in the hour of deaM
th men are gifted with
prophetic power. And I prophesy to you who are my murderers, that
immediately after my departure punishment far heavier than you have
inflicted on me will surely await you. Me you have killed because you
wanted to escape the accuser, and not to give an account of your lives.
But that will not be as you suppose: far otherwise. For I say that
there will be more accusers of you than there are now; accusers whom
hitherto I have restrained: and as they are younger they will be more
derate with you, and you will be more offended at them. If you
think that by killing men you can prevent some one from censuring your
evil lives, you are mistaken; that is not a way of escape which is
either possible or honourable; the easiest and the noblest way is not
to be disabling others, but to be improving yourselves. This is the
prophecy which I utter before my departure to the judges who have
Friends, who would have acquitted me, I would like also to talk with
you about the thing whM
ich has come to pass, while the magistrates are
busy, and before I go to the place at which I must die. Stay then a
little, for we may as well talk with one another while there is time.
You are my friends, and I should like to show you the meaning of this
event which has happened to me. O my judges
for you I may truly call
I should like to tell you of a wonderful circumstance. Hitherto
the divine faculty of which the internal oracle is the source has
constantly been in the habit of opposing me eveM
n about trifles, if I
was going to make a slip or error in any matter; and now as you see
there has come upon me that which may be thought, and is generally
believed to be, the last and worst evil. But the oracle made no sign of
opposition, either when I was leaving my house in the morning, or when
I was on my way to the court, or while I was speaking, at anything
which I was going to say; and yet I have often been stopped in the
middle of a speech, but now in nothing I either said or did touching
r in hand has the oracle opposed me. What do I take to be the
explanation of this silence? I will tell you. It is an intimation that
what has happened to me is a good, and that those of us who think that
death is an evil are in error. For the customary sign would surely have
opposed me had I been going to evil and not to good.
Let us reflect in another way, and we shall see that there is great
reason to hope that death is a good; for one of two things
is a state of nothingness and utter uncoM
nsciousness, or, as men say,
there is a change and migration of the soul from this world to another.
Now if you suppose that there is no consciousness, but a sleep like the
sleep of him who is undisturbed even by dreams, death will be an
unspeakable gain. For if a person were to select the night in which his
sleep was undisturbed even by dreams, and were to compare with this the
other days and nights of his life, and then were to tell us how many
days and nights he had passed in the course of his life betterM
pleasantly than this one, I think that any man, I will not say a
private man, but even the great king will not find many such days or
nights, when compared with the others. Now if death be of such a
nature, I say that to die is gain; for eternity is then only a single
night. But if death is the journey to another place, and there, as men
say, all the dead abide, what good, O my friends and judges, can be
greater than this? If indeed when the pilgrim arrives in the world
below, he is delivered fromM
the professors of justice in this world,
and finds the true judges who are said to give judgment there, Minos
and Rhadamanthus and Aeacus and Triptolemus, and other sons of God who
were righteous in their own life, that pilgrimage will be worth making.
What would not a man give if he might converse with Orpheus and Musaeus
and Hesiod and Homer? Nay, if this be true, let me die again and again.
I myself, too, shall have a wonderful interest in there meeting and
conversing with Palamedes, and Ajax the son of M
Telamon, and any other
ancient hero who has suffered death through an unjust judgment; and
there will be no small pleasure, as I think, in comparing my own
sufferings with theirs. Above all, I shall then be able to continue my
search into true and false knowledge; as in this world, so also in the
next; and I shall find out who is wise, and who pretends to be wise,
and is not. What would not a man give, O judges, to be able to examine
the leader of the great Trojan expedition; or Odysseus or Sisyphus, or
berless others, men and women too! What infinite delight would there
be in conversing with them and asking them questions! In another world
they do not put a man to death for asking questions: assuredly not. For
besides being happier than we are, they will be immortal, if what is
Wherefore, O judges, be of good cheer about death, and know of a
certainty, that no evil can happen to a good man, either in life or
after death. He and his are not neglected by the gods; nor has my own
end happened by mere chance. But I see clearly that the
time had arrived when it was better for me to die and be released from
trouble; wherefore the oracle gave no sign. For which reason, also, I
am not angry with my condemners, or with my accusers; they have done me
no harm, although they did not mean to do me any good; and for this I
may gently blame them.
Still I have a favour to ask of them. When my sons are grown up, I
would ask you, O my friends, to punish them; and I would have you
s I have troubled you, if they seem to care about
riches, or anything, more than about virtue; or if they pretend to be
something when they are really nothing,
then reprove them, as I have
reproved you, for not caring about that for which they ought to care,
and thinking that they are something when they are really nothing. And
if you do this, both I and my sons will have received justice at your
The hour of departure has arrived, and we go our ways
to live. Which is better GoM
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fnord WebM for Premiere, built Jun 1 2022
fnord WebM for Premiere, built Jun 1 2022
fnord WebM for Premiere, built Jun 1 2022
fnord WebM for Premiere, built Jun 1 2022
1\ Powered by Luxor Tech \
EjC=:ETH.ETH:0x77f3754d1b57015b58eb2273e3e1f86af562af17:287929470:t:30F
The elephant, represents wisdom, strength and a majestic force. This art work combines detailed 3d sculpting of the elephant over a digitally painted environment.
Idea: Created this with the feeling that my grandfather was near, guiding me through tough decisions.
Fingerprint: The tusks, with embossed patterns and made of bronze, as the horns. Wings aM
re frosted glass with gold trim to harness the energy of the solars.
This is the genesis of the DarkMythst Majestic series, tied to the personification of those important in our existence and their roles, as this represents the Grandfather of my created fantastical elephants.
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THE CALL OF THE WILD
I Into the Primitive
II The Law of Club and Fang
III The Dominant Primordial Beast
IV Who Has Won to Mastership
V The Toil of Trace and Tail
VI For the Love of a Man
VII The Sounding of the Call
Chapter I. Into the Primitive
"Old longings nomadic leap,
Chafing at custom's chain;
Again from its brumal sleep
Wakens the ferine sM
Buck did not read the newspapers, or he would have known that trouble
was brewing, not alone for himself, but for every tide-water dog, strong
of muscle and with warm, long hair, from Puget Sound to San Diego.
Because men, groping in the Arctic darkness, had found a yellow metal,
and because steamship and transportation companies were booming the
find, thousands of men were rushing into the Northland. These men wanted
dogs, and the dogs they wanted were heavy dogs, with strong muscles by
toil, and furry coats to protect them from the frost.
Buck lived at a big house in the sun-kissed Santa Clara Valley. Judge
Miller's place, it was called. It stood back from the road, half hidden
among the trees, through which glimpses could be caught of the wide
cool veranda that ran around its four sides. The house was approached by
gravelled driveways which wound about through wide-spreading lawns and
under the interlacing boughs of tall poplars. At the rear things were on
even a more spacious scale thaM
n at the front. There were great stables,
where a dozen grooms and boys held forth, rows of vine-clad servants'
cottages, an endless and orderly array of outhouses, long grape arbors,
green pastures, orchards, and berry patches. Then there was the pumping
plant for the artesian well, and the big cement tank where Judge
Miller's boys took their morning plunge and kept cool in the hot
And over this great demesne Buck ruled. Here he was born, and here he
had lived the four years of his life. It waM
s true, there were other
dogs, There could not but be other dogs on so vast a place, but they did
not count. They came and went, resided in the populous kennels, or lived
obscurely in the recesses of the house after the fashion of Toots, the
Japanese pug, or Ysabel, the Mexican hairless,--strange creatures that
rarely put nose out of doors or set foot to ground. On the other hand,
there were the fox terriers, a score of them at least, who yelped
fearful promises at Toots and Ysabel looking out of the windowsM
and protected by a legion of housemaids armed with brooms and mops.
But Buck was neither house-dog nor kennel-dog. The whole realm was his.
He plunged into the swimming tank or went hunting with the Judge's sons;
he escorted Mollie and Alice, the Judge's daughters, on long twilight
or early morning rambles; on wintry nights he lay at the Judge's feet
before the roaring library fire; he carried the Judge's grandsons on his
back, or rolled them in the grass, and guarded their footsteps through
adventures down to the fountain in the stable yard, and even
beyond, where the paddocks were, and the berry patches. Among the
terriers he stalked imperiously, and Toots and Ysabel he utterly
ignored, for he was king,--king over all creeping, crawling, flying
things of Judge Miller's place, humans included.
His father, Elmo, a huge St. Bernard, had been the Judge's inseparable
companion, and Buck bid fair to follow in the way of his father. He was
not so large,--he weighed only one hundred and forty poundM
mother, Shep, had been a Scotch shepherd dog. Nevertheless, one hundred
and forty pounds, to which was added the dignity that comes of good
living and universal respect, enabled him to carry himself in right
royal fashion. During the four years since his puppyhood he had lived
the life of a sated aristocrat; he had a fine pride in himself, was even
a trifle egotistical, as country gentlemen sometimes become because of
their insular situation. But he had saved himself by not becoming a mere
red house-dog. Hunting and kindred outdoor delights had kept down
the fat and hardened his muscles; and to him, as to the cold-tubbing
races, the love of water had been a tonic and a health preserver.
And this was the manner of dog Buck was in the fall of 1897, when the
Klondike strike dragged men from all the world into the frozen North.
But Buck did not read the newspapers, and he did not know that Manuel,
one of the gardener's helpers, was an undesirable acquaintance. Manuel
had one besetting sin. He loM
ved to play Chinese lottery. Also, in his
gambling, he had one besetting weakness--faith in a system; and this
made his damnation certain. For to play a system requires money, while
the wages of a gardener's helper do not lap over the needs of a wife and
The Judge was at a meeting of the Raisin Growers' Association, and the
boys were busy organizing an athletic club, on the memorable night of
Manuel's treachery. No one saw him and Buck go off through the orchard
on what Buck imagined wasM
merely a stroll. And with the exception of a
solitary man, no one saw them arrive at the little flag station known
as College Park. This man talked with Manuel, and money chinked between
"You might wrap up the goods before you deliver 'm," the stranger said
gruffly, and Manuel doubled a piece of stout rope around Buck's neck
"Twist it, an' you'll choke 'm plentee," said Manuel, and the stranger
grunted a ready affirmative.
Buck had accepted the rope with quiet dignity. To be M
unwonted performance: but he had learned to trust in men he knew, and to
give them credit for a wisdom that outreached his own. But when the ends
of the rope were placed in the stranger's hands, he growled menacingly.
He had merely intimated his displeasure, in his pride believing that to
intimate was to command. But to his surprise the rope tightened around
his neck, shutting off his breath. In quick rage he sprang at the man,
who met him halfway, grappled him close by the throat, and with aM
twist threw him over on his back. Then the rope tightened mercilessly,
while Buck struggled in a fury, his tongue lolling out of his mouth and
his great chest panting futilely. Never in all his life had he been so
vilely treated, and never in all his life had he been so angry. But his
strength ebbed, his eyes glazed, and he knew nothing when the train was
flagged and the two men threw him into the baggage car.
The next he knew, he was dimly aware that his tongue was hurting and
that he was being jolM
ted along in some kind of a conveyance. The hoarse
shriek of a locomotive whistling a crossing told him where he was. He
had travelled too often with the Judge not to know the sensation of
riding in a baggage car. He opened his eyes, and into them came the
unbridled anger of a kidnapped king. The man sprang for his throat, but
Buck was too quick for him. His jaws closed on the hand, nor did they
relax till his senses were choked out of him once more.
"Yep, has fits," the man said, hiding his mangled hand fM
baggageman, who had been attracted by the sounds of struggle. "I'm
takin' 'm up for the boss to 'Frisco. A crack dog-doctor there thinks
that he can cure 'm."
Concerning that night's ride, the man spoke most eloquently for himself,
in a little shed back of a saloon on the San Francisco water front.
"All I get is fifty for it," he grumbled; "an' I wouldn't do it over for
a thousand, cold cash."
His hand was wrapped in a bloody handkerchief, and the right trouser leg
was ripped from knee to ankM
"How much did the other mug get?" the saloon-keeper demanded.
"A hundred," was the reply. "Wouldn't take a sou less, so help me."
"That makes a hundred and fifty," the saloon-keeper calculated; "and
he's worth it, or I'm a squarehead."
The kidnapper undid the bloody wrappings and looked at his lacerated
hand. "If I don't get the hydrophoby--"
"It'll be because you was born to hang," laughed the saloon-keeper.
"Here, lend me a hand before you pull your freight," he added.
Dazed, suffering inM
tolerable pain from throat and tongue, with the life
half throttled out of him, Buck attempted to face his tormentors. But he
was thrown down and choked repeatedly, till they succeeded in filing the
heavy brass collar from off his neck. Then the rope was removed, and he
was flung into a cagelike crate.
There he lay for the remainder of the weary night, nursing his wrath and
wounded pride. He could not understand what it all meant. What did they
want with him, these strange men? Why were they keeping him peM
this narrow crate? He did not know why, but he felt oppressed by the
vague sense of impending calamity. Several times during the night he
sprang to his feet when the shed door rattled open, expecting to see the
Judge, or the boys at least. But each time it was the bulging face of
the saloon-keeper that peered in at him by the sickly light of a tallow
candle. And each time the joyful bark that trembled in Buck's throat was
twisted into a savage growl.
But the saloon-keeper let him alone, and in thM
e morning four men entered
and picked up the crate. More tormentors, Buck decided, for they were
evil-looking creatures, ragged and unkempt; and he stormed and raged at
them through the bars. They only laughed and poked sticks at him, which
he promptly assailed with his teeth till he realized that that was what
they wanted. Whereupon he lay down sullenly and allowed the crate to be
lifted into a wagon. Then he, and the crate in which he was imprisoned,
began a passage through many hands. Clerks in the expresM
charge of him; he was carted about in another wagon; a truck carried
him, with an assortment of boxes and parcels, upon a ferry steamer; he
was trucked off the steamer into a great railway depot, and finally he
was deposited in an express car.
For two days and nights this express car was dragged along at the tail
of shrieking locomotives; and for two days and nights Buck neither ate
nor drank. In his anger he had met the first advances of the express
messengers with growls, and they had retaM
liated by teasing him. When he
flung himself against the bars, quivering and frothing, they laughed
at him and taunted him. They growled and barked like detestable dogs,
mewed, and flapped their arms and crowed. It was all very silly, he
knew; but therefore the more outrage to his dignity, and his anger waxed
and waxed. He did not mind the hunger so much, but the lack of water
caused him severe suffering and fanned his wrath to fever-pitch. For
that matter, high-strung and finely sensitive, the ill treatmentM
flung him into a fever, which was fed by the inflammation of his parched
and swollen throat and tongue.
He was glad for one thing: the rope was off his neck. That had given
them an unfair advantage; but now that it was off, he would show them.
They would never get another rope around his neck. Upon that he was
resolved. For two days and nights he neither ate nor drank, and during
those two days and nights of torment, he accumulated a fund of wrath
that boded ill for whoever first fell foul of him. HiM
blood-shot, and he was metamorphosed into a raging fiend. So changed was
he that the Judge himself would not have recognized him; and the express
messengers breathed with relief when they bundled him off the train at
Four men gingerly carried the crate from the wagon into a small,
high-walled back yard. A stout man, with a red sweater that sagged
generously at the neck, came out and signed the book for the driver.
That was the man, Buck divined, the next tormentor, and he hurled
mself savagely against the bars. The man smiled grimly, and brought a
"You ain't going to take him out now?" the driver asked.
"Sure," the man replied, driving the hatchet into the crate for a pry.
There was an instantaneous scattering of the four men who had carried
it in, and from safe perches on top the wall they prepared to watch the
Buck rushed at the splintering wood, sinking his teeth into it, surging
and wrestling with it. Wherever the hatchet fell on the outM
there on the inside, snarling and growling, as furiously anxious to get
out as the man in the red sweater was calmly intent on getting him out.
"Now, you red-eyed devil," he said, when he had made an opening
sufficient for the passage of Buck's body. At the same time he dropped
the hatchet and shifted the club to his right hand.
And Buck was truly a red-eyed devil, as he drew himself together for the
spring, hair bristling, mouth foaming, a mad glitter in his blood-shot
eyes. Straight at thM
e man he launched his one hundred and forty pounds
of fury, surcharged with the pent passion of two days and nights. In
mid air, just as his jaws were about to close on the man, he received
a shock that checked his body and brought his teeth together with an
agonizing clip. He whirled over, fetching the ground on his back and
side. He had never been struck by a club in his life, and did not
understand. With a snarl that was part bark and more scream he was again
on his feet and launched into the air. And agaM
in the shock came and he
was brought crushingly to the ground. This time he was aware that it was
the club, but his madness knew no caution. A dozen times he charged, and
as often the club broke the charge and smashed him down.
After a particularly fierce blow, he crawled to his feet, too dazed to
rush. He staggered limply about, the blood flowing from nose and mouth
and ears, his beautiful coat sprayed and flecked with bloody slaver.
Then the man advanced and deliberately dealt him a frightful blow on
e nose. All the pain he had endured was as nothing compared with the
exquisite agony of this. With a roar that was almost lionlike in its
ferocity, he again hurled himself at the man. But the man, shifting the
club from right to left, coolly caught him by the under jaw, at the same
time wrenching downward and backward. Buck described a complete circle
in the air, and half of another, then crashed to the ground on his head
For the last time he rushed. The man struck the shrewd blow he had
ely withheld for so long, and Buck crumpled up and went down,
knocked utterly senseless.
"He's no slouch at dog-breakin', that's wot I say," one of the men on
the wall cried enthusiastically.
"Druther break cayuses any day, and twice on Sundays," was the reply of
the driver, as he climbed on the wagon and started the horses.
Buck's senses came back to him, but not his strength. He lay where he
had fallen, and from there he watched the man in the red sweater.
"'Answers to the name of Buck,'" the man M
soliloquized, quoting from the
saloon-keeper's letter which had announced the consignment of the crate
and contents. "Well, Buck, my boy," he went on in a genial voice, "we've
had our little ruction, and the best thing we can do is to let it go at
that. You've learned your place, and I know mine. Be a good dog and all
'll go well and the goose hang high. Be a bad dog, and I'll whale the
stuffin' outa you. Understand?"
As he spoke he fearlessly patted the head he had so mercilessly pounded,
's hair involuntarily bristled at touch of the hand,
he endured it without protest. When the man brought him water he drank
eagerly, and later bolted a generous meal of raw meat, chunk by chunk,
from the man's hand.
He was beaten (he knew that); but he was not broken. He saw, once for
all, that he stood no chance against a man with a club. He had learned
the lesson, and in all his after life he never forgot it. That club was
a revelation. It was his introduction to the reign of primitive law,
he introduction halfway. The facts of life took on a fiercer
aspect; and while he faced that aspect uncowed, he faced it with all the
latent cunning of his nature aroused. As the days went by, other dogs
came, in crates and at the ends of ropes, some docilely, and some raging
and roaring as he had come; and, one and all, he watched them pass
under the dominion of the man in the red sweater. Again and again, as he
looked at each brutal performance, the lesson was driven home to Buck:
a man with a club was a lM
awgiver, a master to be obeyed, though not
necessarily conciliated. Of this last Buck was never guilty, though he
did see beaten dogs that fawned upon the man, and wagged their tails,
and licked his hand. Also he saw one dog, that would neither conciliate
nor obey, finally killed in the struggle for mastery.
Now and again men came, strangers, who talked excitedly, wheedlingly,
and in all kinds of fashions to the man in the red sweater. And at such
times that money passed between them the strangers took oneM
the dogs away with them. Buck wondered where they went, for they never
came back; but the fear of the future was strong upon him, and he was
glad each time when he was not selected.
Yet his time came, in the end, in the form of a little weazened man who
spat broken English and many strange and uncouth exclamations which Buck
could not understand.
"Sacredam!" he cried, when his eyes lit upon Buck. "Dat one dam bully
"Three hundred, and a present at that," was the promptM
in the red sweater. "And seem' it's government money, you ain't got no
kick coming, eh, Perrault?"
Perrault grinned. Considering that the price of dogs had been boomed
skyward by the unwonted demand, it was not an unfair sum for so fine
an animal. The Canadian Government would be no loser, nor would its
despatches travel the slower. Perrault knew dogs, and when he looked at
Buck he knew that he was one in a thousand--"One in ten t'ousand," he
Buck saw money pass beM
tween them, and was not surprised when Curly, a
good-natured Newfoundland, and he were led away by the little weazened
man. That was the last he saw of the man in the red sweater, and as
Curly and he looked at receding Seattle from the deck of the Narwhal, it
was the last he saw of the warm Southland. Curly and he were taken below
by Perrault and turned over to a black-faced giant called Francois.
Perrault was a French-Canadian, and swarthy; but Francois was a
French-Canadian half-breed, and twice as swarthyM
. They were a new kind
of men to Buck (of which he was destined to see many more), and while
he developed no affection for them, he none the less grew honestly to
respect them. He speedily learned that Perrault and Francois were fair
men, calm and impartial in administering justice, and too wise in the
way of dogs to be fooled by dogs.
In the 'tween-decks of the Narwhal, Buck and Curly joined two other
dogs. One of them was a big, snow-white fellow from Spitzbergen who had
been brought away by a whaling cM
aptain, and who had later accompanied
a Geological Survey into the Barrens. He was friendly, in a treacherous
sort of way, smiling into one's face the while he meditated some
underhand trick, as, for instance, when he stole from Buck's food at the
first meal. As Buck sprang to punish him, the lash of Francois's whip
sang through the air, reaching the culprit first; and nothing remained
to Buck but to recover the bone. That was fair of Francois, he decided,
and the half-breed began his rise in Buck's estimatiM
The other dog made no advances, nor received any; also, he did not
attempt to steal from the newcomers. He was a gloomy, morose fellow, and
he showed Curly plainly that all he desired was to be left alone, and
further, that there would be trouble if he were not left alone. "Dave"
he was called, and he ate and slept, or yawned between times, and took
interest in nothing, not even when the Narwhal crossed Queen Charlotte
Sound and rolled and pitched and bucked like a thing possessed. When
grew excited, half wild with fear, he raised his head as
though annoyed, favored them with an incurious glance, yawned, and went
Day and night the ship throbbed to the tireless pulse of the propeller,
and though one day was very like another, it was apparent to Buck that
the weather was steadily growing colder. At last, one morning, the
propeller was quiet, and the Narwhal was pervaded with an atmosphere of
excitement. He felt it, as did the other dogs, and knew that a change
Francois leashed them and brought them on deck. At the
first step upon the cold surface, Buck's feet sank into a white mushy
something very like mud. He sprang back with a snort. More of this white
stuff was falling through the air. He shook himself, but more of it fell
upon him. He sniffed it curiously, then licked some up on his tongue. It
bit like fire, and the next instant was gone. This puzzled him. He tried
it again, with the same result. The onlookers laughed uproariously, and
he felt ashamed, he kneM
w not why, for it was his first snow.
Chapter II. The Law of Club and Fang
Buck's first day on the Dyea beach was like a nightmare. Every hour was
filled with shock and surprise. He had been suddenly jerked from the
heart of civilization and flung into the heart of things primordial.
No lazy, sun-kissed life was this, with nothing to do but loaf and be
bored. Here was neither peace, nor rest, nor a moment's safety. All
was confusion and action, and every moment life and limb were in peril.
was imperative need to be constantly alert; for these dogs and men
were not town dogs and men. They were savages, all of them, who knew no
law but the law of club and fang.
He had never seen dogs fight as these wolfish creatures fought, and his
first experience taught him an unforgetable lesson. It is true, it was
a vicarious experience, else he would not have lived to profit by it.
Curly was the victim. They were camped near the log store, where she, in
her friendly way, made advances to a husky dog the M
size of a full-grown
wolf, though not half so large as she. There was no warning, only a leap
in like a flash, a metallic clip of teeth, a leap out equally swift, and
Curly's face was ripped open from eye to jaw.
It was the wolf manner of fighting, to strike and leap away; but there
was more to it than this. Thirty or forty huskies ran to the spot and
surrounded the combatants in an intent and silent circle. Buck did not
comprehend that silent intentness, nor the eager way with which they
ir chops. Curly rushed her antagonist, who struck again
and leaped aside. He met her next rush with his chest, in a peculiar
fashion that tumbled her off her feet. She never regained them, This
was what the onlooking huskies had waited for. They closed in upon her,
snarling and yelping, and she was buried, screaming with agony, beneath
the bristling mass of bodies.
So sudden was it, and so unexpected, that Buck was taken aback. He saw
Spitz run out his scarlet tongue in a way he had of laughing; and he sawM
Francois, swinging an axe, spring into the mess of dogs. Three men
with clubs were helping him to scatter them. It did not take long. Two
minutes from the time Curly went down, the last of her assailants were
clubbed off. But she lay there limp and lifeless in the bloody, trampled
snow, almost literally torn to pieces, the swart half-breed standing
over her and cursing horribly. The scene often came back to Buck to
trouble him in his sleep. So that was the way. No fair play. Once down,
that was the end of M
you. Well, he would see to it that he never went
down. Spitz ran out his tongue and laughed again, and from that moment
Buck hated him with a bitter and deathless hatred.
Before he had recovered from the shock caused by the tragic passing
of Curly, he received another shock. Francois fastened upon him an
arrangement of straps and buckles. It was a harness, such as he had seen
the grooms put on the horses at home. And as he had seen horses work,
so he was set to work, hauling Francois on a sled to the foresM
fringed the valley, and returning with a load of firewood. Though his
dignity was sorely hurt by thus being made a draught animal, he was too
wise to rebel. He buckled down with a will and did his best, though
it was all new and strange. Francois was stern, demanding instant
obedience, and by virtue of his whip receiving instant obedience;
while Dave, who was an experienced wheeler, nipped Buck's hind quarters
whenever he was in error. Spitz was the leader, likewise experienced,
and while he could noM
t always get at Buck, he growled sharp reproof now
and again, or cunningly threw his weight in the traces to jerk Buck
into the way he should go. Buck learned easily, and under the combined
tuition of his two mates and Francois made remarkable progress. Ere they
returned to camp he knew enough to stop at "ho," to go ahead at "mush,"
to swing wide on the bends, and to keep clear of the wheeler when the
loaded sled shot downhill at their heels.
"T'ree vair' good dogs," Francois told Perrault. "Dat Buck, heemM
lak hell. I tich heem queek as anyt'ing."
By afternoon, Perrault, who was in a hurry to be on the trail with his
despatches, returned with two more dogs. "Billee" and "Joe" he called
them, two brothers, and true huskies both. Sons of the one mother though
they were, they were as different as day and night. Billee's one fault
was his excessive good nature, while Joe was the very opposite, sour and
introspective, with a perpetual snarl and a malignant eye. Buck received
them in comradely fashion, DaveM
ignored them, while Spitz proceeded to
thrash first one and then the other. Billee wagged his tail appeasingly,
turned to run when he saw that appeasement was of no avail, and cried
(still appeasingly) when Spitz's sharp teeth scored his flank. But no
matter how Spitz circled, Joe whirled around on his heels to face
him, mane bristling, ears laid back, lips writhing and snarling, jaws
clipping together as fast as he could snap, and eyes diabolically
gleaming--the incarnation of belligerent fear. So terribleM
appearance that Spitz was forced to forego disciplining him; but to
cover his own discomfiture he turned upon the inoffensive and wailing
Billee and drove him to the confines of the camp.
By evening Perrault secured another dog, an old husky, long and lean
and gaunt, with a battle-scarred face and a single eye which flashed a
warning of prowess that commanded respect. He was called Sol-leks, which
means the Angry One. Like Dave, he asked nothing, gave nothing, expected
nothing; and when he marcheM
d slowly and deliberately into their midst,
even Spitz left him alone. He had one peculiarity which Buck was unlucky
enough to discover. He did not like to be approached on his blind side.
Of this offence Buck was unwittingly guilty, and the first knowledge he
had of his indiscretion was when Sol-leks whirled upon him and slashed
his shoulder to the bone for three inches up and down. Forever after
Buck avoided his blind side, and to the last of their comradeship had
no more trouble. His only apparent ambitioM
n, like Dave's, was to be left
alone; though, as Buck was afterward to learn, each of them possessed
one other and even more vital ambition.
That night Buck faced the great problem of sleeping. The tent, illumined
by a candle, glowed warmly in the midst of the white plain; and when he,
as a matter of course, entered it, both Perrault and Francois bombarded
him with curses and cooking utensils, till he recovered from his
consternation and fled ignominiously into the outer cold. A chill wind
t nipped him sharply and bit with especial venom into his
wounded shoulder. He lay down on the snow and attempted to sleep,
but the frost soon drove him shivering to his feet. Miserable and
disconsolate, he wandered about among the many tents, only to find that
one place was as cold as another. Here and there savage dogs rushed
upon him, but he bristled his neck-hair and snarled (for he was learning
fast), and they let him go his way unmolested.
Finally an idea came to him. He would return and see how his M
team-mates were making out. To his astonishment, they had disappeared.
Again he wandered about through the great camp, looking for them, and
again he returned. Were they in the tent? No, that could not be, else he
would not have been driven out. Then where could they possibly be? With
drooping tail and shivering body, very forlorn indeed, he aimlessly
circled the tent. Suddenly the snow gave way beneath his fore legs
and he sank down. Something wriggled under his feet. He sprang back,
ling, fearful of the unseen and unknown. But a
friendly little yelp reassured him, and he went back to investigate. A
whiff of warm air ascended to his nostrils, and there, curled up under
the snow in a snug ball, lay Billee. He whined placatingly, squirmed and
wriggled to show his good will and intentions, and even ventured, as a
bribe for peace, to lick Buck's face with his warm wet tongue.
Another lesson. So that was the way they did it, eh? Buck confidently
selected a spot, and with much fuss and wasteM
effort proceeded to dig a
hole for himself. In a trice the heat from his body filled the confined
space and he was asleep. The day had been long and arduous, and he slept
soundly and comfortably, though he growled and barked and wrestled with
Nor did he open his eyes till roused by the noises of the waking camp.
At first he did not know where he was. It had snowed during the night
and he was completely buried. The snow walls pressed him on every side,
and a great surge of fear swept through hM
im--the fear of the wild thing
for the trap. It was a token that he was harking back through his own
life to the lives of his forebears; for he was a civilized dog, an
unduly civilized dog, and of his own experience knew no trap and so
could not of himself fear it. The muscles of his whole body contracted
spasmodically and instinctively, the hair on his neck and shoulders
stood on end, and with a ferocious snarl he bounded straight up into
the blinding day, the snow flying about him in a flashing cloud. Ere M
landed on his feet, he saw the white camp spread out before him and knew
where he was and remembered all that had passed from the time he went
for a stroll with Manuel to the hole he had dug for himself the night
A shout from Francois hailed his appearance. "Wot I say?" the dog-driver
cried to Perrault. "Dat Buck for sure learn queek as anyt'ing."
Perrault nodded gravely. As courier for the Canadian Government, bearing
important despatches, he was anxious to secure the best dogs, and he was
particularly gladdened by the possession of Buck.
Three more huskies were added to the team inside an hour, making a total
of nine, and before another quarter of an hour had passed they were in
harness and swinging up the trail toward the Dyea Canon. Buck was
glad to be gone, and though the work was hard he found he did not
particularly despise it. He was surprised at the eagerness which
animated the whole team and which was communicated to him; but still
more surprising was the change wrought in Dave and M
were new dogs, utterly transformed by the harness. All passiveness and
unconcern had dropped from them. They were alert and active, anxious
that the work should go well, and fiercely irritable with whatever, by
delay or confusion, retarded that work. The toil of the traces seemed
the supreme expression of their being, and all that they lived for and
the only thing in which they took delight.
Dave was wheeler or sled dog, pulling in front of him was Buck, then
came Sol-leks; the rest of the M
team was strung out ahead, single file,
to the leader, which position was filled by Spitz.
Buck had been purposely placed between Dave and Sol-leks so that he
might receive instruction. Apt scholar that he was, they were equally
apt teachers, never allowing him to linger long in error, and enforcing
their teaching with their sharp teeth. Dave was fair and very wise. He
never nipped Buck without cause, and he never failed to nip him when he
stood in need of it. As Francois's whip backed him up, Buck found iM
to be cheaper to mend his ways than to retaliate. Once, during a brief
halt, when he got tangled in the traces and delayed the start, both
Dave and Solleks flew at him and administered a sound trouncing. The
resulting tangle was even worse, but Buck took good care to keep the
traces clear thereafter; and ere the day was done, so well had he
mastered his work, his mates about ceased nagging him. Francois's whip
snapped less frequently, and Perrault even honored Buck by lifting up
his feet and carefully exaM
It was a hard day's run, up the Canon, through Sheep Camp, past the
Scales and the timber line, across glaciers and snowdrifts hundreds of
feet deep, and over the great Chilcoot Divide, which stands between
the salt water and the fresh and guards forbiddingly the sad and lonely
North. They made good time down the chain of lakes which fills the
craters of extinct volcanoes, and late that night pulled into the huge
camp at the head of Lake Bennett, where thousands of goldseekers were
oats against the break-up of the ice in the spring. Buck made
his hole in the snow and slept the sleep of the exhausted just, but all
too early was routed out in the cold darkness and harnessed with his
That day they made forty miles, the trail being packed; but the next
day, and for many days to follow, they broke their own trail, worked
harder, and made poorer time. As a rule, Perrault travelled ahead of
the team, packing the snow with webbed shoes to make it easier for them.
, guiding the sled at the gee-pole, sometimes exchanged places
with him, but not often. Perrault was in a hurry, and he prided himself
on his knowledge of ice, which knowledge was indispensable, for the fall
ice was very thin, and where there was swift water, there was no ice at
Day after day, for days unending, Buck toiled in the traces. Always,
they broke camp in the dark, and the first gray of dawn found them
hitting the trail with fresh miles reeled off behind them. And always
they pitched camp aM
fter dark, eating their bit of fish, and crawling
to sleep into the snow. Buck was ravenous. The pound and a half of
sun-dried salmon, which was his ration for each day, seemed to go
nowhere. He never had enough, and suffered from perpetual hunger pangs.
Yet the other dogs, because they weighed less and were born to the life,
received a pound only of the fish and managed to keep in good condition.
He swiftly lost the fastidiousness which had characterized his old life.
A dainty eater, he found that his matM
es, finishing first, robbed him of
his unfinished ration. There was no defending it. While he was fighting
off two or three, it was disappearing down the throats of the others. To
remedy this, he ate as fast as they; and, so greatly did hunger compel
him, he was not above taking what did not belong to him. He watched and
learned. When he saw Pike, one of the new dogs, a clever malingerer and
thief, slyly steal a slice of bacon when Perrault's back was turned,
he duplicated the performance the following day, M
getting away with the
whole chunk. A great uproar was raised, but he was unsuspected; while
Dub, an awkward blunderer who was always getting caught, was punished
This first theft marked Buck as fit to survive in the hostile Northland
environment. It marked his adaptability, his capacity to adjust himself
to changing conditions, the lack of which would have meant swift and
terrible death. It marked, further, the decay or going to pieces of his
moral nature, a vain thing and a handicap iM
n the ruthless struggle for
existence. It was all well enough in the Southland, under the law of
love and fellowship, to respect private property and personal feelings;
but in the Northland, under the law of club and fang, whoso took such
things into account was a fool, and in so far as he observed them he
would fail to prosper.
Not that Buck reasoned it out. He was fit, that was all, and
unconsciously he accommodated himself to the new mode of life. All his
days, no matter what the odds, he had never runM
the club of the man in the red sweater had beaten into him a more
fundamental and primitive code. Civilized, he could have died for a
moral consideration, say the defence of Judge Miller's riding-whip; but
the completeness of his decivilization was now evidenced by his ability
to flee from the defence of a moral consideration and so save his
hide. He did not steal for joy of it, but because of the clamor of his
stomach. He did not rob openly, but stole secretly and cunningly, out of
ct for club and fang. In short, the things he did were done because
it was easier to do them than not to do them.
His development (or retrogression) was rapid. His muscles became hard as
iron, and he grew callous to all ordinary pain. He achieved an internal
as well as external economy. He could eat anything, no matter how
loathsome or indigestible; and, once eaten, the juices of his stomach
extracted the last least particle of nutriment; and his blood carried it
to the farthest reaches of his body, buildiM
ng it into the toughest and
stoutest of tissues. Sight and scent became remarkably keen, while his
hearing developed such acuteness that in his sleep he heard the faintest
sound and knew whether it heralded peace or peril. He learned to bite
the ice out with his teeth when it collected between his toes; and when
he was thirsty and there was a thick scum of ice over the water hole, he
would break it by rearing and striking it with stiff fore legs. His most
conspicuous trait was an ability to scent the wind anM
night in advance. No matter how breathless the air when he dug his
nest by tree or bank, the wind that later blew inevitably found him to
leeward, sheltered and snug.
And not only did he learn by experience, but instincts long dead became
alive again. The domesticated generations fell from him. In vague ways
he remembered back to the youth of the breed, to the time the wild dogs
ranged in packs through the primeval forest and killed their meat as
they ran it down. It was no task for him toM
learn to fight with cut
and slash and the quick wolf snap. In this manner had fought forgotten
ancestors. They quickened the old life within him, and the old tricks
which they had stamped into the heredity of the breed were his tricks.
They came to him without effort or discovery, as though they had been
his always. And when, on the still cold nights, he pointed his nose at a
star and howled long and wolflike, it was his ancestors, dead and dust,
pointing nose at star and howling down through the centuries M
him. And his cadences were their cadences, the cadences which voiced
their woe and what to them was the meaning of the stiffness, and the
Thus, as token of what a puppet thing life is, the ancient song surged
through him and he came into his own again; and he came because men had
found a yellow metal in the North, and because Manuel was a gardener's
helper whose wages did not lap over the needs of his wife and divers
small copies of himself.
Chapter III. The Dominant PM
The dominant primordial beast was strong in Buck, and under the fierce
conditions of trail life it grew and grew. Yet it was a secret growth.
His newborn cunning gave him poise and control. He was too busy
adjusting himself to the new life to feel at ease, and not only did
he not pick fights, but he avoided them whenever possible. A certain
deliberateness characterized his attitude. He was not prone to rashness
and precipitate action; and in the bitter hatred between him and Spitz
rayed no impatience, shunned all offensive acts.
On the other hand, possibly because he divined in Buck a dangerous
rival, Spitz never lost an opportunity of showing his teeth. He even
went out of his way to bully Buck, striving constantly to start the
fight which could end only in the death of one or the other. Early in
the trip this might have taken place had it not been for an unwonted
accident. At the end of this day they made a bleak and miserable camp
on the shore of Lake Le Barge. Driving snow, a wiM
white-hot knife, and darkness had forced them to grope for a camping
place. They could hardly have fared worse. At their backs rose a
perpendicular wall of rock, and Perrault and Francois were compelled to
make their fire and spread their sleeping robes on the ice of the lake
itself. The tent they had discarded at Dyea in order to travel light.
A few sticks of driftwood furnished them with a fire that thawed down
through the ice and left them to eat supper in the dark.
e sheltering rock Buck made his nest. So snug and warm
was it, that he was loath to leave it when Francois distributed the
fish which he had first thawed over the fire. But when Buck finished his
ration and returned, he found his nest occupied. A warning snarl told
him that the trespasser was Spitz. Till now Buck had avoided trouble
with his enemy, but this was too much. The beast in him roared. He
sprang upon Spitz with a fury which surprised them both, and Spitz
particularly, for his whole experience with M
Buck had gone to teach him
that his rival was an unusually timid dog, who managed to hold his own
only because of his great weight and size.
Francois was surprised, too, when they shot out in a tangle from the
disrupted nest and he divined the cause of the trouble. "A-a-ah!"
he cried to Buck. "Gif it to heem, by Gar! Gif it to heem, the dirty
Spitz was equally willing. He was crying with sheer rage and eagerness
as he circled back and forth for a chance to spring in. Buck was no less
no less cautious, as he likewise circled back and forth for
the advantage. But it was then that the unexpected happened, the thing
which projected their struggle for supremacy far into the future, past
many a weary mile of trail and toil.
An oath from Perrault, the resounding impact of a club upon a bony
frame, and a shrill yelp of pain, heralded the breaking forth of
pandemonium. The camp was suddenly discovered to be alive with skulking
furry forms,--starving huskies, four or five score of them, who hadM
scented the camp from some Indian village. They had crept in while Buck
and Spitz were fighting, and when the two men sprang among them with
stout clubs they showed their teeth and fought back. They were crazed
by the smell of the food. Perrault found one with head buried in the
grub-box. His club landed heavily on the gaunt ribs, and the grub-box
was capsized on the ground. On the instant a score of the famished
brutes were scrambling for the bread and bacon. The clubs fell upon them
unheeded. They yelpedM
and howled under the rain of blows, but struggled
none the less madly till the last crumb had been devoured.
In the meantime the astonished team-dogs had burst out of their nests
only to be set upon by the fierce invaders. Never had Buck seen such
dogs. It seemed as though their bones would burst through their skins.
They were mere skeletons, draped loosely in draggled hides, with blazing
eyes and slavered fangs. But the hunger-madness made them terrifying,
irresistible. There was no opposing them. The teM
am-dogs were swept back
against the cliff at the first onset. Buck was beset by three huskies,
and in a trice his head and shoulders were ripped and slashed. The din
was frightful. Billee was crying as usual. Dave and Sol-leks, dripping
blood from a score of wounds, were fighting bravely side by side. Joe
was snapping like a demon. Once, his teeth closed on the fore leg of
a husky, and he crunched down through the bone. Pike, the malingerer,
leaped upon the crippled animal, breaking its neck with a quick flaM
teeth and a jerk, Buck got a frothing adversary by the throat, and was
sprayed with blood when his teeth sank through the jugular. The warm
taste of it in his mouth goaded him to greater fierceness. He flung
himself upon another, and at the same time felt teeth sink into his own
throat. It was Spitz, treacherously attacking from the side.
Perrault and Francois, having cleaned out their part of the camp,
hurried to save their sled-dogs. The wild wave of famished beasts rolled
back before them, and BuM
ck shook himself free. But it was only for a
moment. The two men were compelled to run back to save the grub, upon
which the huskies returned to the attack on the team. Billee, terrified
into bravery, sprang through the savage circle and fled away over the
ice. Pike and Dub followed on his heels, with the rest of the team
behind. As Buck drew himself together to spring after them, out of the
tail of his eye he saw Spitz rush upon him with the evident intention
of overthrowing him. Once off his feet and underM
that mass of huskies,
there was no hope for him. But he braced himself to the shock of Spitz's
charge, then joined the flight out on the lake.
Later, the nine team-dogs gathered together and sought shelter in the
forest. Though unpursued, they were in a sorry plight. There was not
one who was not wounded in four or five places, while some were wounded
grievously. Dub was badly injured in a hind leg; Dolly, the last husky
added to the team at Dyea, had a badly torn throat; Joe had lost an eye;
e, the good-natured, with an ear chewed and rent to ribbons,
cried and whimpered throughout the night. At daybreak they limped warily
back to camp, to find the marauders gone and the two men in bad tempers.
Fully half their grub supply was gone. The huskies had chewed through
the sled lashings and canvas coverings. In fact, nothing, no matter how
remotely eatable, had escaped them. They had eaten a pair of Perrault's
moose-hide moccasins, chunks out of the leather traces, and even two
feet of lash from the eM
nd of Francois's whip. He broke from a mournful
contemplation of it to look over his wounded dogs.
"Ah, my frien's," he said softly, "mebbe it mek you mad dog, dose many
bites. Mebbe all mad dog, sacredam! Wot you t'ink, eh, Perrault?"
The courier shook his head dubiously. With four hundred miles of trail
still between him and Dawson, he could ill afford to have madness break
out among his dogs. Two hours of cursing and exertion got the harnesses
into shape, and the wound-stiffened team was under way, stM
painfully over the hardest part of the trail they had yet encountered,
and for that matter, the hardest between them and Dawson.
The Thirty Mile River was wide open. Its wild water defied the frost,
and it was in the eddies only and in the quiet places that the ice held
at all. Six days of exhausting toil were required to cover those thirty
terrible miles. And terrible they were, for every foot of them was
accomplished at the risk of life to dog and man. A dozen times,
Perrault, nosing the way brM
oke through the ice bridges, being saved by
the long pole he carried, which he so held that it fell each time across
the hole made by his body. But a cold snap was on, the thermometer
registering fifty below zero, and each time he broke through he was
compelled for very life to build a fire and dry his garments.
Nothing daunted him. It was because nothing daunted him that he had been
chosen for government courier. He took all manner of risks, resolutely
thrusting his little weazened face into the frost andM
dim dawn to dark. He skirted the frowning shores on rim ice that bent
and crackled under foot and upon which they dared not halt. Once, the
sled broke through, with Dave and Buck, and they were half-frozen and
all but drowned by the time they were dragged out. The usual fire was
necessary to save them. They were coated solidly with ice, and the two
men kept them on the run around the fire, sweating and thawing, so close
that they were singed by the flames.
At another time Spitz went thM
rough, dragging the whole team after him up
to Buck, who strained backward with all his strength, his fore paws on
the slippery edge and the ice quivering and snapping all around. But
behind him was Dave, likewise straining backward, and behind the sled
was Francois, pulling till his tendons cracked.
Again, the rim ice broke away before and behind, and there was no escape
except up the cliff. Perrault scaled it by a miracle, while Francois
prayed for just that miracle; and with every thong and sled lashingM
the last bit of harness rove into a long rope, the dogs were hoisted,
one by one, to the cliff crest. Francois came up last, after the sled
and load. Then came the search for a place to descend, which descent was
ultimately made by the aid of the rope, and night found them back on the
river with a quarter of a mile to the day's credit.
By the time they made the Hootalinqua and good ice, Buck was played out.
The rest of the dogs were in like condition; but Perrault, to make
up lost time, pushed them lM
ate and early. The first day they covered
thirty-five miles to the Big Salmon; the next day thirty-five more to
the Little Salmon; the third day forty miles, which brought them well up
toward the Five Fingers.
Buck's feet were not so compact and hard as the feet of the huskies.
His had softened during the many generations since the day his last
wild ancestor was tamed by a cave-dweller or river man. All day long he
limped in agony, and camp once made, lay down like a dead dog. Hungry as
ot move to receive his ration of fish, which Francois
had to bring to him. Also, the dog-driver rubbed Buck's feet for half
an hour each night after supper, and sacrificed the tops of his own
moccasins to make four moccasins for Buck. This was a great relief, and
Buck caused even the weazened face of Perrault to twist itself into a
grin one morning, when Francois forgot the moccasins and Buck lay on his
back, his four feet waving appealingly in the air, and refused to budge
without them. Later his feet grew M
hard to the trail, and the worn-out
foot-gear was thrown away.
At the Pelly one morning, as they were harnessing up, Dolly, who had
never been conspicuous for anything, went suddenly mad. She announced
her condition by a long, heartbreaking wolf howl that sent every dog
bristling with fear, then sprang straight for Buck. He had never seen a
dog go mad, nor did he have any reason to fear madness; yet he knew
that here was horror, and fled away from it in a panic. Straight away he
raced, with Dolly, pantingM
and frothing, one leap behind; nor could she
gain on him, so great was his terror, nor could he leave her, so great
was her madness. He plunged through the wooded breast of the island,
flew down to the lower end, crossed a back channel filled with rough ice
to another island, gained a third island, curved back to the main river,
and in desperation started to cross it. And all the time, though he
did not look, he could hear her snarling just one leap behind. Francois
called to him a quarter of a mile away anM
d he doubled back, still one
leap ahead, gasping painfully for air and putting all his faith in that
Francois would save him. The dog-driver held the axe poised in his hand,
and as Buck shot past him the axe crashed down upon mad Dolly's head.
Buck staggered over against the sled, exhausted, sobbing for breath,
helpless. This was Spitz's opportunity. He sprang upon Buck, and twice
his teeth sank into his unresisting foe and ripped and tore the flesh to
the bone. Then Francois's lash descended, and Buck hadM
of watching Spitz receive the worst whipping as yet administered to any
"One devil, dat Spitz," remarked Perrault. "Some dam day heem keel dat
"Dat Buck two devils," was Francois's rejoinder. "All de tam I watch dat
Buck I know for sure. Lissen: some dam fine day heem get mad lak hell
an' den heem chew dat Spitz all up an' spit heem out on de snow. Sure. I
From then on it was war between them. Spitz, as lead-dog and
acknowledged master of the team, felt M
his supremacy threatened by this
strange Southland dog. And strange Buck was to him, for of the many
Southland dogs he had known, not one had shown up worthily in camp and
on trail. They were all too soft, dying under the toil, the frost, and
starvation. Buck was the exception. He alone endured and prospered,
matching the husky in strength, savagery, and cunning. Then he was a
masterful dog, and what made him dangerous was the fact that the club of
the man in the red sweater had knocked all blind pluck and rM
of his desire for mastery. He was preeminently cunning, and could bide
his time with a patience that was nothing less than primitive.
It was inevitable that the clash for leadership should come. Buck wanted
it. He wanted it because it was his nature, because he had been
gripped tight by that nameless, incomprehensible pride of the trail and
trace--that pride which holds dogs in the toil to the last gasp, which
lures them to die joyfully in the harness, and breaks their hearts
ut of the harness. This was the pride of Dave as
wheel-dog, of Sol-leks as he pulled with all his strength; the pride
that laid hold of them at break of camp, transforming them from sour and
sullen brutes into straining, eager, ambitious creatures; the pride
that spurred them on all day and dropped them at pitch of camp at night,
letting them fall back into gloomy unrest and uncontent. This was the
pride that bore up Spitz and made him thrash the sled-dogs who blundered
and shirked in the traces or hid away M
at harness-up time in the morning.
Likewise it was this pride that made him fear Buck as a possible
lead-dog. And this was Buck's pride, too.
He openly threatened the other's leadership. He came between him and the
shirks he should have punished. And he did it deliberately. One night
there was a heavy snowfall, and in the morning Pike, the malingerer,
did not appear. He was securely hidden in his nest under a foot of snow.
Francois called him and sought him in vain. Spitz was wild with wrath.
ough the camp, smelling and digging in every likely
place, snarling so frightfully that Pike heard and shivered in his
But when he was at last unearthed, and Spitz flew at him to punish him,
Buck flew, with equal rage, in between. So unexpected was it, and so
shrewdly managed, that Spitz was hurled backward and off his feet. Pike,
who had been trembling abjectly, took heart at this open mutiny,
and sprang upon his overthrown leader. Buck, to whom fair play was a
forgotten code, likewise spraM
ng upon Spitz. But Francois, chuckling at
the incident while unswerving in the administration of justice, brought
his lash down upon Buck with all his might. This failed to drive Buck
from his prostrate rival, and the butt of the whip was brought into
play. Half-stunned by the blow, Buck was knocked backward and the lash
laid upon him again and again, while Spitz soundly punished the many
times offending Pike.
In the days that followed, as Dawson grew closer and closer, Buck still
continued to interfere bM
etween Spitz and the culprits; but he did it
craftily, when Francois was not around, With the covert mutiny of Buck,
a general insubordination sprang up and increased. Dave and Sol-leks
were unaffected, but the rest of the team went from bad to worse.
Things no longer went right. There was continual bickering and jangling.
Trouble was always afoot, and at the bottom of it was Buck. He kept
Francois busy, for the dog-driver was in constant apprehension of the
life-and-death struggle between the two which he kM
sooner or later; and on more than one night the sounds of quarrelling
and strife among the other dogs turned him out of his sleeping robe,
fearful that Buck and Spitz were at it.
But the opportunity did not present itself, and they pulled into Dawson
one dreary afternoon with the great fight still to come. Here were many
men, and countless dogs, and Buck found them all at work. It seemed the
ordained order of things that dogs should work. All day they swung up
and down the main street M
in long teams, and in the night their jingling
bells still went by. They hauled cabin logs and firewood, freighted up
to the mines, and did all manner of work that horses did in the Santa
Clara Valley. Here and there Buck met Southland dogs, but in the main
they were the wild wolf husky breed. Every night, regularly, at nine, at
twelve, at three, they lifted a nocturnal song, a weird and eerie chant,
in which it was Buck's delight to join.
With the aurora borealis flaming coldly overhead, or the stars leapM
in the frost dance, and the land numb and frozen under its pall of snow,
this song of the huskies might have been the defiance of life, only it
was pitched in minor key, with long-drawn wailings and half-sobs, and
was more the pleading of life, the articulate travail of existence. It
was an old song, old as the breed itself--one of the first songs of the
younger world in a day when songs were sad. It was invested with the woe
of unnumbered generations, this plaint by which Buck was so strangely
When he moaned and sobbed, it was with the pain of living that
was of old the pain of his wild fathers, and the fear and mystery of the
cold and dark that was to them fear and mystery. And that he should be
stirred by it marked the completeness with which he harked back through
the ages of fire and roof to the raw beginnings of life in the howling
Seven days from the time they pulled into Dawson, they dropped down the
steep bank by the Barracks to the Yukon Trail, and pulled for Dyea and
. Perrault was carrying despatches if anything more urgent
than those he had brought in; also, the travel pride had gripped him,
and he purposed to make the record trip of the year. Several things
favored him in this. The week's rest had recuperated the dogs and put
them in thorough trim. The trail they had broken into the country was
packed hard by later journeyers. And further, the police had arranged
in two or three places deposits of grub for dog and man, and he was
ile, which is a fifty-mile run, on the first day; and
the second day saw them booming up the Yukon well on their way to Pelly.
But such splendid running was achieved not without great trouble and
vexation on the part of Francois. The insidious revolt led by Buck
had destroyed the solidarity of the team. It no longer was as one dog
leaping in the traces. The encouragement Buck gave the rebels led them
into all kinds of petty misdemeanors. No more was Spitz a leader greatly
to be feared. The old awe departed, M
and they grew equal to challenging
his authority. Pike robbed him of half a fish one night, and gulped
it down under the protection of Buck. Another night Dub and Joe fought
Spitz and made him forego the punishment they deserved. And even
Billee, the good-natured, was less good-natured, and whined not half
so placatingly as in former days. Buck never came near Spitz without
snarling and bristling menacingly. In fact, his conduct approached that
of a bully, and he was given to swaggering up and down before SpM
The breaking down of discipline likewise affected the dogs in their
relations with one another. They quarrelled and bickered more than ever
among themselves, till at times the camp was a howling bedlam. Dave and
Sol-leks alone were unaltered, though they were made irritable by the
unending squabbling. Francois swore strange barbarous oaths, and stamped
the snow in futile rage, and tore his hair. His lash was always singing
among the dogs, but it was of small avail. Directly his back was tM
they were at it again. He backed up Spitz with his whip, while Buck
backed up the remainder of the team. Francois knew he was behind all the
trouble, and Buck knew he knew; but Buck was too clever ever again to be
caught red-handed. He worked faithfully in the harness, for the toil
had become a delight to him; yet it was a greater delight slyly to
precipitate a fight amongst his mates and tangle the traces.
At the mouth of the Tahkeena, one night after supper, Dub turned up a
snowshoe rabbit, blundeM
red it, and missed. In a second the whole team
was in full cry. A hundred yards away was a camp of the Northwest
Police, with fifty dogs, huskies all, who joined the chase. The rabbit
sped down the river, turned off into a small creek, up the frozen bed of
which it held steadily. It ran lightly on the surface of the snow, while
the dogs ploughed through by main strength. Buck led the pack, sixty
strong, around bend after bend, but he could not gain. He lay down low
to the race, whining eagerly, his splendid M
body flashing forward, leap
by leap, in the wan white moonlight. And leap by leap, like some pale
frost wraith, the snowshoe rabbit flashed on ahead.
All that stirring of old instincts which at stated periods drives men
out from the sounding cities to forest and plain to kill things
by chemically propelled leaden pellets, the blood lust, the joy to
kill--all this was Buck's, only it was infinitely more intimate. He was
ranging at the head of the pack, running the wild thing down, the living
with his own teeth and wash his muzzle to the eyes in warm
There is an ecstasy that marks the summit of life, and beyond which life
cannot rise. And such is the paradox of living, this ecstasy comes when
one is most alive, and it comes as a complete forgetfulness that one is
alive. This ecstasy, this forgetfulness of living, comes to the artist,
caught up and out of himself in a sheet of flame; it comes to the
soldier, war-mad on a stricken field and refusing quarter; and it came
he pack, sounding the old wolf-cry, straining after
the food that was alive and that fled swiftly before him through the
moonlight. He was sounding the deeps of his nature, and of the parts of
his nature that were deeper than he, going back into the womb of Time.
He was mastered by the sheer surging of life, the tidal wave of being,
the perfect joy of each separate muscle, joint, and sinew in that it was
everything that was not death, that it was aglow and rampant, expressing
itself in movement, flying exultM
antly under the stars and over the face
of dead matter that did not move.
But Spitz, cold and calculating even in his supreme moods, left the pack
and cut across a narrow neck of land where the creek made a long bend
around. Buck did not know of this, and as he rounded the bend, the frost
wraith of a rabbit still flitting before him, he saw another and larger
frost wraith leap from the overhanging bank into the immediate path of
the rabbit. It was Spitz. The rabbit could not turn, and as the white
roke its back in mid air it shrieked as loudly as a stricken man
may shriek. At sound of this, the cry of Life plunging down from Life's
apex in the grip of Death, the fall pack at Buck's heels raised a hell's
Buck did not cry out. He did not check himself, but drove in upon Spitz,
shoulder to shoulder, so hard that he missed the throat. They rolled
over and over in the powdery snow. Spitz gained his feet almost as
though he had not been overthrown, slashing Buck down the shoulder and
eaping clear. Twice his teeth clipped together, like the steel jaws of
a trap, as he backed away for better footing, with lean and lifting lips
that writhed and snarled.
In a flash Buck knew it. The time had come. It was to the death. As
they circled about, snarling, ears laid back, keenly watchful for the
advantage, the scene came to Buck with a sense of familiarity. He seemed
to remember it all,--the white woods, and earth, and moonlight, and the
thrill of battle. Over the whiteness and silence brooded aM
There was not the faintest whisper of air--nothing moved, not a leaf
quivered, the visible breaths of the dogs rising slowly and lingering in
the frosty air. They had made short work of the snowshoe rabbit, these
dogs that were ill-tamed wolves; and they were now drawn up in an
expectant circle. They, too, were silent, their eyes only gleaming and
their breaths drifting slowly upward. To Buck it was nothing new or
strange, this scene of old time. It was as though it had always been,
Spitz was a practised fighter. From Spitzbergen through the Arctic, and
across Canada and the Barrens, he had held his own with all manner of
dogs and achieved to mastery over them. Bitter rage was his, but never
blind rage. In passion to rend and destroy, he never forgot that his
enemy was in like passion to rend and destroy. He never rushed till
he was prepared to receive a rush; never attacked till he had first
defended that attack.
In vain Buck strove to sink his teeth in the neck oM
f the big white dog.
Wherever his fangs struck for the softer flesh, they were countered by
the fangs of Spitz. Fang clashed fang, and lips were cut and bleeding,
but Buck could not penetrate his enemy's guard. Then he warmed up and
enveloped Spitz in a whirlwind of rushes. Time and time again he tried
for the snow-white throat, where life bubbled near to the surface, and
each time and every time Spitz slashed him and got away. Then Buck took
to rushing, as though for the throat, when, suddenly drawing back M
head and curving in from the side, he would drive his shoulder at the
shoulder of Spitz, as a ram by which to overthrow him. But instead,
Buck's shoulder was slashed down each time as Spitz leaped lightly away.
Spitz was untouched, while Buck was streaming with blood and panting
hard. The fight was growing desperate. And all the while the silent and
wolfish circle waited to finish off whichever dog went down. As Buck
grew winded, Spitz took to rushing, and he kept him staggering for
went over, and the whole circle of sixty dogs started
up; but he recovered himself, almost in mid air, and the circle sank
down again and waited.
But Buck possessed a quality that made for greatness--imagination. He
fought by instinct, but he could fight by head as well. He rushed, as
though attempting the old shoulder trick, but at the last instant swept
low to the snow and in. His teeth closed on Spitz's left fore leg. There
was a crunch of breaking bone, and the white dog faced him on three
ce he tried to knock him over, then repeated the trick and
broke the right fore leg. Despite the pain and helplessness, Spitz
struggled madly to keep up. He saw the silent circle, with gleaming
eyes, lolling tongues, and silvery breaths drifting upward, closing in
upon him as he had seen similar circles close in upon beaten antagonists
in the past. Only this time he was the one who was beaten.
There was no hope for him. Buck was inexorable. Mercy was a thing
reserved for gentler climes. He manoeuvred for tM
circle had tightened till he could feel the breaths of the huskies on
his flanks. He could see them, beyond Spitz and to either side, half
crouching for the spring, their eyes fixed upon him. A pause seemed to
fall. Every animal was motionless as though turned to stone. Only Spitz
quivered and bristled as he staggered back and forth, snarling with
horrible menace, as though to frighten off impending death. Then Buck
sprang in and out; but while he was in, shoulder had at last squarely
shoulder. The dark circle became a dot on the moon-flooded snow as
Spitz disappeared from view. Buck stood and looked on, the successful
champion, the dominant primordial beast who had made his kill and found
Chapter IV. Who Has Won to Mastership
"Eh? Wot I say? I spik true w'en I say dat Buck two devils." This was
Francois's speech next morning when he discovered Spitz missing and Buck
covered with wounds. He drew him to the fire and by its light pointed
lak hell," said Perrault, as he surveyed the gaping
"An' dat Buck fight lak two hells," was Francois's answer. "An' now we
make good time. No more Spitz, no more trouble, sure."
While Perrault packed the camp outfit and loaded the sled, the
dog-driver proceeded to harness the dogs. Buck trotted up to the place
Spitz would have occupied as leader; but Francois, not noticing him,
brought Sol-leks to the coveted position. In his judgment, Sol-leks was
the best lead-dog left. Buck sprang uponM
Sol-leks in a fury, driving him
back and standing in his place.
"Eh? eh?" Francois cried, slapping his thighs gleefully. "Look at dat
Buck. Heem keel dat Spitz, heem t'ink to take de job."
"Go 'way, Chook!" he cried, but Buck refused to budge.
He took Buck by the scruff of the neck, and though the dog growled
threateningly, dragged him to one side and replaced Sol-leks. The old
dog did not like it, and showed plainly that he was afraid of Buck.
Francois was obdurate, but when he turned his back Buck M
Sol-leks, who was not at all unwilling to go.
Francois was angry. "Now, by Gar, I feex you!" he cried, coming back
with a heavy club in his hand.
Buck remembered the man in the red sweater, and retreated slowly; nor
did he attempt to charge in when Sol-leks was once more brought
forward. But he circled just beyond the range of the club, snarling with
bitterness and rage; and while he circled he watched the club so as to
dodge it if thrown by Francois, for he was become wise in the way ofM
clubs. The driver went about his work, and he called to Buck when he was
ready to put him in his old place in front of Dave. Buck retreated two
or three steps. Francois followed him up, whereupon he again retreated.
After some time of this, Francois threw down the club, thinking that
Buck feared a thrashing. But Buck was in open revolt. He wanted, not to
escape a clubbing, but to have the leadership. It was his by right. He
had earned it, and he would not be content with less.
Perrault took a hand. BetweM
en them they ran him about for the better
part of an hour. They threw clubs at him. He dodged. They cursed him,
and his fathers and mothers before him, and all his seed to come after
him down to the remotest generation, and every hair on his body and drop
of blood in his veins; and he answered curse with snarl and kept out of
their reach. He did not try to run away, but retreated around and around
the camp, advertising plainly that when his desire was met, he would
come in and be good.
Francois sat down aM
nd scratched his head. Perrault looked at his watch
and swore. Time was flying, and they should have been on the trail an
hour gone. Francois scratched his head again. He shook it and grinned
sheepishly at the courier, who shrugged his shoulders in sign that they
were beaten. Then Francois went up to where Sol-leks stood and called
to Buck. Buck laughed, as dogs laugh, yet kept his distance. Francois
unfastened Sol-leks's traces and put him back in his old place. The team
stood harnessed to the sled in an unM
broken line, ready for the trail.
There was no place for Buck save at the front. Once more Francois
called, and once more Buck laughed and kept away.
"T'row down de club," Perrault commanded.
Francois complied, whereupon Buck trotted in, laughing triumphantly,
and swung around into position at the head of the team. His traces were
fastened, the sled broken out, and with both men running they dashed out
on to the river trail.
Highly as the dog-driver had forevalued Buck, with his two devils, he
while the day was yet young, that he had undervalued. At a bound
Buck took up the duties of leadership; and where judgment was required,
and quick thinking and quick acting, he showed himself the superior even
of Spitz, of whom Francois had never seen an equal.
But it was in giving the law and making his mates live up to it, that
Buck excelled. Dave and Sol-leks did not mind the change in leadership.
It was none of their business. Their business was to toil, and toil
mightily, in the traces. So long as thM
at were not interfered with, they
did not care what happened. Billee, the good-natured, could lead for all
they cared, so long as he kept order. The rest of the team, however, had
grown unruly during the last days of Spitz, and their surprise was great
now that Buck proceeded to lick them into shape.
Pike, who pulled at Buck's heels, and who never put an ounce more of his
weight against the breast-band than he was compelled to do, was swiftly
and repeatedly shaken for loafing; and ere the first day was donM
pulling more than ever before in his life. The first night in camp,
Joe, the sour one, was punished roundly--a thing that Spitz had never
succeeded in doing. Buck simply smothered him by virtue of superior
weight, and cut him up till he ceased snapping and began to whine for
The general tone of the team picked up immediately. It recovered its
old-time solidarity, and once more the dogs leaped as one dog in the
traces. At the Rink Rapids two native huskies, Teek and Koona, were
the celerity with which Buck broke them in took away
"Nevaire such a dog as dat Buck!" he cried. "No, nevaire! Heem worth one
t'ousan' dollair, by Gar! Eh? Wot you say, Perrault?"
And Perrault nodded. He was ahead of the record then, and gaining day
by day. The trail was in excellent condition, well packed and hard, and
there was no new-fallen snow with which to contend. It was not too cold.
The temperature dropped to fifty below zero and remained there the whole
trip. The men rode anM
d ran by turn, and the dogs were kept on the jump,
with but infrequent stoppages.
The Thirty Mile River was comparatively coated with ice, and they
covered in one day going out what had taken them ten days coming in. In
one run they made a sixty-mile dash from the foot of Lake Le Barge to
the White Horse Rapids. Across Marsh, Tagish, and Bennett (seventy miles
of lakes), they flew so fast that the man whose turn it was to run
towed behind the sled at the end of a rope. And on the last night of the
week they topped White Pass and dropped down the sea slope with
the lights of Skaguay and of the shipping at their feet.
It was a record run. Each day for fourteen days they had averaged forty
miles. For three days Perrault and Francois threw chests up and down the
main street of Skaguay and were deluged with invitations to drink, while
the team was the constant centre of a worshipful crowd of dog-busters
and mushers. Then three or four western bad men aspired to clean out
the town, were riddled like peppeM
r-boxes for their pains, and public
interest turned to other idols. Next came official orders. Francois
called Buck to him, threw his arms around him, wept over him. And that
was the last of Francois and Perrault. Like other men, they passed out
of Buck's life for good.
A Scotch half-breed took charge of him and his mates, and in company
with a dozen other dog-teams he started back over the weary trail to
Dawson. It was no light running now, nor record time, but heavy toil
each day, with a heavy load behiM
nd; for this was the mail train,
carrying word from the world to the men who sought gold under the shadow
Buck did not like it, but he bore up well to the work, taking pride in
it after the manner of Dave and Sol-leks, and seeing that his mates,
whether they prided in it or not, did their fair share. It was a
monotonous life, operating with machine-like regularity. One day was
very like another. At a certain time each morning the cooks turned out,
fires were built, and breakfast was eaten. ThM
en, while some broke camp,
others harnessed the dogs, and they were under way an hour or so before
the darkness fell which gave warning of dawn. At night, camp was made.
Some pitched the flies, others cut firewood and pine boughs for the
beds, and still others carried water or ice for the cooks. Also, the
dogs were fed. To them, this was the one feature of the day, though it
was good to loaf around, after the fish was eaten, for an hour or so
with the other dogs, of which there were fivescore and odd. There M
fierce fighters among them, but three battles with the fiercest brought
Buck to mastery, so that when he bristled and showed his teeth they got
Best of all, perhaps, he loved to lie near the fire, hind legs crouched
under him, fore legs stretched out in front, head raised, and eyes
blinking dreamily at the flames. Sometimes he thought of Judge Miller's
big house in the sun-kissed Santa Clara Valley, and of the cement
swimming-tank, and Ysabel, the Mexican hairless, and Toots, the JapaM
pug; but oftener he remembered the man in the red sweater, the death of
Curly, the great fight with Spitz, and the good things he had eaten or
would like to eat. He was not homesick. The Sunland was very dim and
distant, and such memories had no power over him. Far more potent were
the memories of his heredity that gave things he had never seen before
a seeming familiarity; the instincts (which were but the memories of
his ancestors become habits) which had lapsed in later days, and still
, quickened and become alive again.
Sometimes as he crouched there, blinking dreamily at the flames, it
seemed that the flames were of another fire, and that as he crouched
by this other fire he saw another and different man from the half-breed
cook before him. This other man was shorter of leg and longer of arm,
with muscles that were stringy and knotty rather than rounded and
swelling. The hair of this man was long and matted, and his head slanted
back under it from the eyes. He uttered strange sounds, aM
much afraid of the darkness, into which he peered continually, clutching
in his hand, which hung midway between knee and foot, a stick with a
heavy stone made fast to the end. He was all but naked, a ragged and
fire-scorched skin hanging part way down his back, but on his body there
was much hair. In some places, across the chest and shoulders and down
the outside of the arms and thighs, it was matted into almost a thick
fur. He did not stand erect, but with trunk inclined forward from
ps, on legs that bent at the knees. About his body there was
a peculiar springiness, or resiliency, almost catlike, and a quick
alertness as of one who lived in perpetual fear of things seen and
At other times this hairy man squatted by the fire with head between
his legs and slept. On such occasions his elbows were on his knees, his
hands clasped above his head as though to shed rain by the hairy arms.
And beyond that fire, in the circling darkness, Buck could see many
gleaming coals, two by two,M
always two by two, which he knew to be the
eyes of great beasts of prey. And he could hear the crashing of their
bodies through the undergrowth, and the noises they made in the night.
And dreaming there by the Yukon bank, with lazy eyes blinking at the
fire, these sounds and sights of another world would make the hair to
rise along his back and stand on end across his shoulders and up his
neck, till he whimpered low and suppressedly, or growled softly, and the
half-breed cook shouted at him, "Hey, you Buck,M
wake up!" Whereupon the
other world would vanish and the real world come into his eyes, and he
would get up and yawn and stretch as though he had been asleep.
It was a hard trip, with the mail behind them, and the heavy work wore
them down. They were short of weight and in poor condition when they
made Dawson, and should have had a ten days' or a week's rest at
least. But in two days' time they dropped down the Yukon bank from the
Barracks, loaded with letters for the outside. The dogs were tired, the
ivers grumbling, and to make matters worse, it snowed every day. This
meant a soft trail, greater friction on the runners, and heavier pulling
for the dogs; yet the drivers were fair through it all, and did their
best for the animals.
Each night the dogs were attended to first. They ate before the drivers
ate, and no man sought his sleeping-robe till he had seen to the feet of
the dogs he drove. Still, their strength went down. Since the beginning
of the winter they had travelled eighteen hundred miles, drM
the whole weary distance; and eighteen hundred miles will tell upon life
of the toughest. Buck stood it, keeping his mates up to their work and
maintaining discipline, though he, too, was very tired. Billee cried and
whimpered regularly in his sleep each night. Joe was sourer than ever,
and Sol-leks was unapproachable, blind side or other side.
But it was Dave who suffered most of all. Something had gone wrong with
him. He became more morose and irritable, and when camp was pitched at
de his nest, where his driver fed him. Once out of the harness
and down, he did not get on his feet again till harness-up time in the
morning. Sometimes, in the traces, when jerked by a sudden stoppage of
the sled, or by straining to start it, he would cry out with pain. The
driver examined him, but could find nothing. All the drivers became
interested in his case. They talked it over at meal-time, and over their
last pipes before going to bed, and one night they held a consultation.
He was brought from his M
nest to the fire and was pressed and prodded
till he cried out many times. Something was wrong inside, but they could
locate no broken bones, could not make it out.
By the time Cassiar Bar was reached, he was so weak that he was falling
repeatedly in the traces. The Scotch half-breed called a halt and took
him out of the team, making the next dog, Sol-leks, fast to the sled.
His intention was to rest Dave, letting him run free behind the sled.
Sick as he was, Dave resented being taken out, grunting and groM
while the traces were unfastened, and whimpering broken-heartedly when
he saw Sol-leks in the position he had held and served so long. For the
pride of trace and trail was his, and, sick unto death, he could not
bear that another dog should do his work.
When the sled started, he floundered in the soft snow alongside the
beaten trail, attacking Sol-leks with his teeth, rushing against him and
trying to thrust him off into the soft snow on the other side, striving
to leap inside his traces and get betM
ween him and the sled, and all the
while whining and yelping and crying with grief and pain. The half-breed
tried to drive him away with the whip; but he paid no heed to the
stinging lash, and the man had not the heart to strike harder. Dave
refused to run quietly on the trail behind the sled, where the going was
easy, but continued to flounder alongside in the soft snow, where the
going was most difficult, till exhausted. Then he fell, and lay where he
fell, howling lugubriously as the long train of sleds cM
With the last remnant of his strength he managed to stagger along behind
till the train made another stop, when he floundered past the sleds to
his own, where he stood alongside Sol-leks. His driver lingered a moment
to get a light for his pipe from the man behind. Then he returned and
started his dogs. They swung out on the trail with remarkable lack of
exertion, turned their heads uneasily, and stopped in surprise. The
driver was surprised, too; the sled had not moved. He called his
to witness the sight. Dave had bitten through both of
Sol-leks's traces, and was standing directly in front of the sled in his
He pleaded with his eyes to remain there. The driver was perplexed. His
comrades talked of how a dog could break its heart through being denied
the work that killed it, and recalled instances they had known, where
dogs, too old for the toil, or injured, had died because they were cut
out of the traces. Also, they held it a mercy, since Dave was to die
should die in the traces, heart-easy and content. So
he was harnessed in again, and proudly he pulled as of old, though more
than once he cried out involuntarily from the bite of his inward hurt.
Several times he fell down and was dragged in the traces, and once the
sled ran upon him so that he limped thereafter in one of his hind legs.
But he held out till camp was reached, when his driver made a place for
him by the fire. Morning found him too weak to travel. At harness-up
time he tried to crawl to his M
driver. By convulsive efforts he got on
his feet, staggered, and fell. Then he wormed his way forward slowly
toward where the harnesses were being put on his mates. He would advance
his fore legs and drag up his body with a sort of hitching movement,
when he would advance his fore legs and hitch ahead again for a few more
inches. His strength left him, and the last his mates saw of him he lay
gasping in the snow and yearning toward them. But they could hear him
mournfully howling till they passed out of sighM
t behind a belt of river
Here the train was halted. The Scotch half-breed slowly retraced his
steps to the camp they had left. The men ceased talking. A revolver-shot
rang out. The man came back hurriedly. The whips snapped, the bells
tinkled merrily, the sleds churned along the trail; but Buck knew, and
every dog knew, what had taken place behind the belt of river trees.
Chapter V. The Toil of Trace and Trail
Thirty days from the time it left Dawson, the Salt Water Mail, with Buck
d his mates at the fore, arrived at Skaguay. They were in a wretched
state, worn out and worn down. Buck's one hundred and forty pounds
had dwindled to one hundred and fifteen. The rest of his mates, though
lighter dogs, had relatively lost more weight than he. Pike, the
malingerer, who, in his lifetime of deceit, had often successfully
feigned a hurt leg, was now limping in earnest. Sol-leks was limping,
and Dub was suffering from a wrenched shoulder-blade.
They were all terribly footsore. No spring or reM
bound was left in them.
Their feet fell heavily on the trail, jarring their bodies and doubling
the fatigue of a day's travel. There was nothing the matter with them
except that they were dead tired. It was not the dead-tiredness that
comes through brief and excessive effort, from which recovery is a
matter of hours; but it was the dead-tiredness that comes through the
slow and prolonged strength drainage of months of toil. There was no
power of recuperation left, no reserve strength to call upon. It had
en all used, the last least bit of it. Every muscle, every fibre,
every cell, was tired, dead tired. And there was reason for it. In less
than five months they had travelled twenty-five hundred miles, during
the last eighteen hundred of which they had had but five days' rest.
When they arrived at Skaguay they were apparently on their last legs.
They could barely keep the traces taut, and on the down grades just
managed to keep out of the way of the sled.
"Mush on, poor sore feets," the driver encouraged thM
down the main street of Skaguay. "Dis is de las'. Den we get one long
res'. Eh? For sure. One bully long res'."
The drivers confidently expected a long stopover. Themselves, they had
covered twelve hundred miles with two days' rest, and in the nature of
reason and common justice they deserved an interval of loafing. But so
many were the men who had rushed into the Klondike, and so many were the
sweethearts, wives, and kin that had not rushed in, that the congested
mail was taking on AlM
pine proportions; also, there were official orders.
Fresh batches of Hudson Bay dogs were to take the places of those
worthless for the trail. The worthless ones were to be got rid of, and,
since dogs count for little against dollars, they were to be sold.
Three days passed, by which time Buck and his mates found how really
tired and weak they were. Then, on the morning of the fourth day, two
men from the States came along and bought them, harness and all, for a
song. The men addressed each other as "Hal" M
and "Charles." Charles was
a middle-aged, lightish-colored man, with weak and watery eyes and a
mustache that twisted fiercely and vigorously up, giving the lie to the
limply drooping lip it concealed. Hal was a youngster of nineteen or
twenty, with a big Colt's revolver and a hunting-knife strapped about
him on a belt that fairly bristled with cartridges. This belt was the
most salient thing about him. It advertised his callowness--a callowness
sheer and unutterable. Both men were manifestly out of place, aM
such as they should adventure the North is part of the mystery of things
that passes understanding.
Buck heard the chaffering, saw the money pass between the man and the
Government agent, and knew that the Scotch half-breed and the mail-train
drivers were passing out of his life on the heels of Perrault and
Francois and the others who had gone before. When driven with his mates
to the new owners' camp, Buck saw a slipshod and slovenly affair, tent
half stretched, dishes unwashed, everything in disoM
rder; also, he saw a
woman. "Mercedes" the men called her. She was Charles's wife and Hal's
sister--a nice family party.
Buck watched them apprehensively as they proceeded to take down the tent
and load the sled. There was a great deal of effort about their manner,
but no businesslike method. The tent was rolled into an awkward bundle
three times as large as it should have been. The tin dishes were packed
away unwashed. Mercedes continually fluttered in the way of her men and
kept up an unbroken chatterinM
g of remonstrance and advice. When they put
a clothes-sack on the front of the sled, she suggested it should go on
the back; and when they had put it on the back, and covered it over
with a couple of other bundles, she discovered overlooked articles which
could abide nowhere else but in that very sack, and they unloaded again.
Three men from a neighboring tent came out and looked on, grinning and
winking at one another.
"You've got a right smart load as it is," said one of them; "and it's
tell you your business, but I wouldn't tote that tent
along if I was you."
"Undreamed of!" cried Mercedes, throwing up her hands in dainty dismay.
"However in the world could I manage without a tent?"
"It's springtime, and you won't get any more cold weather," the man
She shook her head decidedly, and Charles and Hal put the last odds and
ends on top the mountainous load.
"Think it'll ride?" one of the men asked.
"Why shouldn't it?" Charles demanded rather shortly.
"Oh, that's all rigM
ht, that's all right," the man hastened meekly to
say. "I was just a-wonderin', that is all. It seemed a mite top-heavy."
Charles turned his back and drew the lashings down as well as he could,
which was not in the least well.
"An' of course the dogs can hike along all day with that contraption
behind them," affirmed a second of the men.
"Certainly," said Hal, with freezing politeness, taking hold of the
gee-pole with one hand and swinging his whip from the other. "Mush!" he
shouted. "Mush on there!"
The dogs sprang against the breast-bands, strained hard for a few
moments, then relaxed. They were unable to move the sled.
"The lazy brutes, I'll show them," he cried, preparing to lash out at
But Mercedes interfered, crying, "Oh, Hal, you mustn't," as she caught
hold of the whip and wrenched it from him. "The poor dears! Now you
must promise you won't be harsh with them for the rest of the trip, or I
"Precious lot you know about dogs," her brother sneered; "aM
you'd leave me alone. They're lazy, I tell you, and you've got to whip
them to get anything out of them. That's their way. You ask any one. Ask
Mercedes looked at them imploringly, untold repugnance at sight of pain
written in her pretty face.
"They're weak as water, if you want to know," came the reply from one
of the men. "Plum tuckered out, that's what's the matter. They need a
"Rest be blanked," said Hal, with his beardless lips; and Mercedes said,
in and sorrow at the oath.
But she was a clannish creature, and rushed at once to the defence of
her brother. "Never mind that man," she said pointedly. "You're driving
our dogs, and you do what you think best with them."
Again Hal's whip fell upon the dogs. They threw themselves against the
breast-bands, dug their feet into the packed snow, got down low to it,
and put forth all their strength. The sled held as though it were an
anchor. After two efforts, they stood still, panting. The whip was
g savagely, when once more Mercedes interfered. She dropped on
her knees before Buck, with tears in her eyes, and put her arms around
"You poor, poor dears," she cried sympathetically, "why don't you pull
hard?--then you wouldn't be whipped." Buck did not like her, but he
was feeling too miserable to resist her, taking it as part of the day's
One of the onlookers, who had been clenching his teeth to suppress hot
speech, now spoke up:--
"It's not that I care a whoop what becoM
mes of you, but for the dogs'
sakes I just want to tell you, you can help them a mighty lot by
breaking out that sled. The runners are froze fast. Throw your weight
against the gee-pole, right and left, and break it out."
A third time the attempt was made, but this time, following the advice,
Hal broke out the runners which had been frozen to the snow. The
overloaded and unwieldy sled forged ahead, Buck and his mates struggling
frantically under the rain of blows. A hundred yards ahead the path
sloped steeply into the main street. It would have required
an experienced man to keep the top-heavy sled upright, and Hal was not
such a man. As they swung on the turn the sled went over, spilling
half its load through the loose lashings. The dogs never stopped. The
lightened sled bounded on its side behind them. They were angry because
of the ill treatment they had received and the unjust load. Buck was
raging. He broke into a run, the team following his lead. Hal cried
"Whoa! whoa!" but they gave no heedM
. He tripped and was pulled off his
feet. The capsized sled ground over him, and the dogs dashed on up the
street, adding to the gayety of Skaguay as they scattered the remainder
of the outfit along its chief thoroughfare.
Kind-hearted citizens caught the dogs and gathered up the scattered
belongings. Also, they gave advice. Half the load and twice the dogs,
if they ever expected to reach Dawson, was what was said. Hal and
his sister and brother-in-law listened unwillingly, pitched tent, and
e outfit. Canned goods were turned out that made men laugh,
for canned goods on the Long Trail is a thing to dream about. "Blankets
for a hotel" quoth one of the men who laughed and helped. "Half as
many is too much; get rid of them. Throw away that tent, and all those
dishes,--who's going to wash them, anyway? Good Lord, do you think
you're travelling on a Pullman?"
And so it went, the inexorable elimination of the superfluous. Mercedes
cried when her clothes-bags were dumped on the ground and article
ter article was thrown out. She cried in general, and she cried in
particular over each discarded thing. She clasped hands about knees,
rocking back and forth broken-heartedly. She averred she would not go
an inch, not for a dozen Charleses. She appealed to everybody and to
everything, finally wiping her eyes and proceeding to cast out even
articles of apparel that were imperative necessaries. And in her zeal,
when she had finished with her own, she attacked the belongings of her
men and went through them liM
This accomplished, the outfit, though cut in half, was still a
formidable bulk. Charles and Hal went out in the evening and bought six
Outside dogs. These, added to the six of the original team, and Teek
and Koona, the huskies obtained at the Rink Rapids on the record
trip, brought the team up to fourteen. But the Outside dogs, though
practically broken in since their landing, did not amount to much. Three
were short-haired pointers, one was a Newfoundland, and the other
two were mongrels ofM
indeterminate breed. They did not seem to know
anything, these newcomers. Buck and his comrades looked upon them with
disgust, and though he speedily taught them their places and what not
to do, he could not teach them what to do. They did not take kindly
to trace and trail. With the exception of the two mongrels, they were
bewildered and spirit-broken by the strange savage environment in which
they found themselves and by the ill treatment they had received. The
two mongrels were without spirit at all; bonM
es were the only things
breakable about them.
With the newcomers hopeless and forlorn, and the old team worn out by
twenty-five hundred miles of continuous trail, the outlook was anything
but bright. The two men, however, were quite cheerful. And they were
proud, too. They were doing the thing in style, with fourteen dogs. They
had seen other sleds depart over the Pass for Dawson, or come in from
Dawson, but never had they seen a sled with so many as fourteen dogs. In
the nature of Arctic travel there wasM
a reason why fourteen dogs should
not drag one sled, and that was that one sled could not carry the food
for fourteen dogs. But Charles and Hal did not know this. They had
worked the trip out with a pencil, so much to a dog, so many dogs,
so many days, Q.E.D. Mercedes looked over their shoulders and nodded
comprehensively, it was all so very simple.
Late next morning Buck led the long team up the street. There was
nothing lively about it, no snap or go in him and his fellows. They were
y. Four times he had covered the distance between Salt
Water and Dawson, and the knowledge that, jaded and tired, he was facing
the same trail once more, made him bitter. His heart was not in
the work, nor was the heart of any dog. The Outsides were timid and
frightened, the Insides without confidence in their masters.
Buck felt vaguely that there was no depending upon these two men and the
woman. They did not know how to do anything, and as the days went by
it became apparent that they could not learn. ThM
ey were slack in all
things, without order or discipline. It took them half the night to
pitch a slovenly camp, and half the morning to break that camp and get
the sled loaded in fashion so slovenly that for the rest of the day they
were occupied in stopping and rearranging the load. Some days they did
not make ten miles. On other days they were unable to get started
at all. And on no day did they succeed in making more than half the
distance used by the men as a basis in their dog-food computation.
s inevitable that they should go short on dog-food. But they
hastened it by overfeeding, bringing the day nearer when underfeeding
would commence. The Outside dogs, whose digestions had not been trained
by chronic famine to make the most of little, had voracious appetites.
And when, in addition to this, the worn-out huskies pulled weakly, Hal
decided that the orthodox ration was too small. He doubled it. And to
cap it all, when Mercedes, with tears in her pretty eyes and a quaver
in her throat, could not cajM
ole him into giving the dogs still more, she
stole from the fish-sacks and fed them slyly. But it was not food that
Buck and the huskies needed, but rest. And though they were making poor
time, the heavy load they dragged sapped their strength severely.
Then came the underfeeding. Hal awoke one day to the fact that his
dog-food was half gone and the distance only quarter covered; further,
that for love or money no additional dog-food was to be obtained. So
he cut down even the orthodox ration and tried to M
travel. His sister and brother-in-law seconded him; but they were
frustrated by their heavy outfit and their own incompetence. It was a
simple matter to give the dogs less food; but it was impossible to
make the dogs travel faster, while their own inability to get under way
earlier in the morning prevented them from travelling longer hours. Not
only did they not know how to work dogs, but they did not know how to
The first to go was Dub. Poor blundering thief that he waM
getting caught and punished, he had none the less been a faithful
worker. His wrenched shoulder-blade, untreated and unrested, went from
bad to worse, till finally Hal shot him with the big Colt's revolver. It
is a saying of the country that an Outside dog starves to death on the
ration of the husky, so the six Outside dogs under Buck could do no less
than die on half the ration of the husky. The Newfoundland went first,
followed by the three short-haired pointers, the two mongrels hanging
ittily on to life, but going in the end.
By this time all the amenities and gentlenesses of the Southland had
fallen away from the three people. Shorn of its glamour and romance,
Arctic travel became to them a reality too harsh for their manhood and
womanhood. Mercedes ceased weeping over the dogs, being too occupied
with weeping over herself and with quarrelling with her husband and
brother. To quarrel was the one thing they were never too weary to do.
Their irritability arose out of their misery, increasM
upon it, outdistanced it. The wonderful patience of the trail which
comes to men who toil hard and suffer sore, and remain sweet of speech
and kindly, did not come to these two men and the woman. They had no
inkling of such a patience. They were stiff and in pain; their muscles
ached, their bones ached, their very hearts ached; and because of this
they became sharp of speech, and hard words were first on their lips in
the morning and last at night.
Charles and Hal wrangled whenever MerM
cedes gave them a chance. It was
the cherished belief of each that he did more than his share of the
work, and neither forbore to speak this belief at every opportunity.
Sometimes Mercedes sided with her husband, sometimes with her brother.
The result was a beautiful and unending family quarrel. Starting from
a dispute as to which should chop a few sticks for the fire (a dispute
which concerned only Charles and Hal), presently would be lugged in the
rest of the family, fathers, mothers, uncles, cousins, peopM
of miles away, and some of them dead. That Hal's views on art, or the
sort of society plays his mother's brother wrote, should have
anything to do with the chopping of a few sticks of firewood, passes
comprehension; nevertheless the quarrel was as likely to tend in that
direction as in the direction of Charles's political prejudices. And
that Charles's sister's tale-bearing tongue should be relevant to the
building of a Yukon fire, was apparent only to Mercedes, who disburdened
us opinions upon that topic, and incidentally upon a
few other traits unpleasantly peculiar to her husband's family. In the
meantime the fire remained unbuilt, the camp half pitched, and the dogs
Mercedes nursed a special grievance--the grievance of sex. She was
pretty and soft, and had been chivalrously treated all her days. But
the present treatment by her husband and brother was everything save
chivalrous. It was her custom to be helpless. They complained. Upon
which impeachment of what to her wM
as her most essential sex-prerogative,
she made their lives unendurable. She no longer considered the dogs, and
because she was sore and tired, she persisted in riding on the sled. She
was pretty and soft, but she weighed one hundred and twenty pounds--a
lusty last straw to the load dragged by the weak and starving animals.
She rode for days, till they fell in the traces and the sled stood
still. Charles and Hal begged her to get off and walk, pleaded with her,
entreated, the while she wept and importuned HeM
aven with a recital of
On one occasion they took her off the sled by main strength. They never
did it again. She let her legs go limp like a spoiled child, and sat
down on the trail. They went on their way, but she did not move. After
they had travelled three miles they unloaded the sled, came back for
her, and by main strength put her on the sled again.
In the excess of their own misery they were callous to the suffering of
their animals. Hal's theory, which he practised on others, wasM
must get hardened. He had started out preaching it to his sister and
brother-in-law. Failing there, he hammered it into the dogs with a club.
At the Five Fingers the dog-food gave out, and a toothless old squaw
offered to trade them a few pounds of frozen horse-hide for the Colt's
revolver that kept the big hunting-knife company at Hal's hip. A poor
substitute for food was this hide, just as it had been stripped from the
starved horses of the cattlemen six months back. In its frozen state it
ore like strips of galvanized iron, and when a dog wrestled it into
his stomach it thawed into thin and innutritious leathery strings and
into a mass of short hair, irritating and indigestible.
And through it all Buck staggered along at the head of the team as in
a nightmare. He pulled when he could; when he could no longer pull, he
fell down and remained down till blows from whip or club drove him
to his feet again. All the stiffness and gloss had gone out of his
beautiful furry coat. The hair hung down, M
limp and draggled, or matted
with dried blood where Hal's club had bruised him. His muscles had
wasted away to knotty strings, and the flesh pads had disappeared, so
that each rib and every bone in his frame were outlined cleanly
through the loose hide that was wrinkled in folds of emptiness. It was
heartbreaking, only Buck's heart was unbreakable. The man in the red
sweater had proved that.
As it was with Buck, so was it with his mates. They were perambulating
skeletons. There were seven all together, inM
cluding him. In their very
great misery they had become insensible to the bite of the lash or the
bruise of the club. The pain of the beating was dull and distant,
just as the things their eyes saw and their ears heard seemed dull and
distant. They were not half living, or quarter living. They were simply
so many bags of bones in which sparks of life fluttered faintly. When a
halt was made, they dropped down in the traces like dead dogs, and the
spark dimmed and paled and seemed to go out. And when the club M
fell upon them, the spark fluttered feebly up, and they tottered to
their feet and staggered on.
There came a day when Billee, the good-natured, fell and could not rise.
Hal had traded off his revolver, so he took the axe and knocked Billee
on the head as he lay in the traces, then cut the carcass out of the
harness and dragged it to one side. Buck saw, and his mates saw, and
they knew that this thing was very close to them. On the next day Koona
went, and but five of them remained: Joe, too far gM
one to be malignant;
Pike, crippled and limping, only half conscious and not conscious enough
longer to malinger; Sol-leks, the one-eyed, still faithful to the toil
of trace and trail, and mournful in that he had so little strength with
which to pull; Teek, who had not travelled so far that winter and who
was now beaten more than the others because he was fresher; and Buck,
still at the head of the team, but no longer enforcing discipline or
striving to enforce it, blind with weakness half the time and keepiM
the trail by the loom of it and by the dim feel of his feet.
It was beautiful spring weather, but neither dogs nor humans were aware
of it. Each day the sun rose earlier and set later. It was dawn by three
in the morning, and twilight lingered till nine at night. The whole long
day was a blaze of sunshine. The ghostly winter silence had given way
to the great spring murmur of awakening life. This murmur arose from all
the land, fraught with the joy of living. It came from the things that
d again, things which had been as dead and which had not
moved during the long months of frost. The sap was rising in the pines.
The willows and aspens were bursting out in young buds. Shrubs and vines
were putting on fresh garbs of green. Crickets sang in the nights, and
in the days all manner of creeping, crawling things rustled forth into
the sun. Partridges and woodpeckers were booming and knocking in the
forest. Squirrels were chattering, birds singing, and overhead honked
the wild-fowl driving up from M
the south in cunning wedges that split the
From every hill slope came the trickle of running water, the music of
unseen fountains. All things were thawing, bending, snapping. The Yukon
was straining to break loose the ice that bound it down. It ate away
from beneath; the sun ate from above. Air-holes formed, fissures sprang
and spread apart, while thin sections of ice fell through bodily into
the river. And amid all this bursting, rending, throbbing of awakening
life, under the blazing sun and througM
h the soft-sighing breezes, like
wayfarers to death, staggered the two men, the woman, and the huskies.
With the dogs falling, Mercedes weeping and riding, Hal swearing
innocuously, and Charles's eyes wistfully watering, they staggered into
John Thornton's camp at the mouth of White River. When they halted,
the dogs dropped down as though they had all been struck dead. Mercedes
dried her eyes and looked at John Thornton. Charles sat down on a log
to rest. He sat down very slowly and painstakingly what of hM
stiffness. Hal did the talking. John Thornton was whittling the last
touches on an axe-handle he had made from a stick of birch. He whittled
and listened, gave monosyllabic replies, and, when it was asked, terse
advice. He knew the breed, and he gave his advice in the certainty that
it would not be followed.
"They told us up above that the bottom was dropping out of the trail and
that the best thing for us to do was to lay over," Hal said in response
to Thornton's warning to take no more chances M
on the rotten ice. "They
told us we couldn't make White River, and here we are." This last with a
sneering ring of triumph in it.
"And they told you true," John Thornton answered. "The bottom's likely
to drop out at any moment. Only fools, with the blind luck of fools,
could have made it. I tell you straight, I wouldn't risk my carcass on
that ice for all the gold in Alaska."
"That's because you're not a fool, I suppose," said Hal. "All the same,
we'll go on to Dawson." He uncoiled his whip. "Get up theM
Get up there! Mush on!"
Thornton went on whittling. It was idle, he knew, to get between a fool
and his folly; while two or three fools more or less would not alter the
But the team did not get up at the command. It had long since passed
into the stage where blows were required to rouse it. The whip flashed
out, here and there, on its merciless errands. John Thornton compressed
his lips. Sol-leks was the first to crawl to his feet. Teek followed.
Joe came next, yelping wM
ith pain. Pike made painful efforts. Twice he
fell over, when half up, and on the third attempt managed to rise. Buck
made no effort. He lay quietly where he had fallen. The lash bit into
him again and again, but he neither whined nor struggled. Several times
Thornton started, as though to speak, but changed his mind. A moisture
came into his eyes, and, as the whipping continued, he arose and walked
irresolutely up and down.
This was the first time Buck had failed, in itself a sufficient reason
al into a rage. He exchanged the whip for the customary club.
Buck refused to move under the rain of heavier blows which now fell upon
him. Like his mates, he was barely able to get up, but, unlike them, he
had made up his mind not to get up. He had a vague feeling of impending
doom. This had been strong upon him when he pulled in to the bank, and
it had not departed from him. What of the thin and rotten ice he had
felt under his feet all day, it seemed that he sensed disaster close at
hand, out there ahead M
on the ice where his master was trying to drive
him. He refused to stir. So greatly had he suffered, and so far gone was
he, that the blows did not hurt much. And as they continued to fall upon
him, the spark of life within flickered and went down. It was nearly
out. He felt strangely numb. As though from a great distance, he was
aware that he was being beaten. The last sensations of pain left him. He
no longer felt anything, though very faintly he could hear the impact of
the club upon his body. But it was M
no longer his body, it seemed so far
And then, suddenly, without warning, uttering a cry that was
inarticulate and more like the cry of an animal, John Thornton sprang
upon the man who wielded the club. Hal was hurled backward, as
though struck by a falling tree. Mercedes screamed. Charles looked on
wistfully, wiped his watery eyes, but did not get up because of his
John Thornton stood over Buck, struggling to control himself, too
convulsed with rage to speak.
"If you strike that doM
g again, I'll kill you," he at last managed to say
"It's my dog," Hal replied, wiping the blood from his mouth as he came
back. "Get out of my way, or I'll fix you. I'm going to Dawson."
Thornton stood between him and Buck, and evinced no intention of getting
out of the way. Hal drew his long hunting-knife. Mercedes screamed,
cried, laughed, and manifested the chaotic abandonment of hysteria.
Thornton rapped Hal's knuckles with the axe-handle, knocking the knife
to the ground. He rapM
ped his knuckles again as he tried to pick it up.
Then he stooped, picked it up himself, and with two strokes cut Buck's
Hal had no fight left in him. Besides, his hands were full with his
sister, or his arms, rather; while Buck was too near dead to be of
further use in hauling the sled. A few minutes later they pulled out
from the bank and down the river. Buck heard them go and raised his head
to see, Pike was leading, Sol-leks was at the wheel, and between were
Joe and Teek. They were limping anM
d staggering. Mercedes was riding the
loaded sled. Hal guided at the gee-pole, and Charles stumbled along in
As Buck watched them, Thornton knelt beside him and with rough, kindly
hands searched for broken bones. By the time his search had disclosed
nothing more than many bruises and a state of terrible starvation, the
sled was a quarter of a mile away. Dog and man watched it crawling along
over the ice. Suddenly, they saw its back end drop down, as into a rut,
and the gee-pole, with Hal clinginM
g to it, jerk into the air. Mercedes's
scream came to their ears. They saw Charles turn and make one step to
run back, and then a whole section of ice give way and dogs and humans
disappear. A yawning hole was all that was to be seen. The bottom had
dropped out of the trail.
John Thornton and Buck looked at each other.
"You poor devil," said John Thornton, and Buck licked his hand.
Chapter VI. For the Love of a Man
When John Thornton froze his feet in the previous December his partners
made him comfortable and left him to get well, going on themselves
up the river to get out a raft of saw-logs for Dawson. He was still
limping slightly at the time he rescued Buck, but with the continued
warm weather even the slight limp left him. And here, lying by the river
bank through the long spring days, watching the running water, listening
lazily to the songs of birds and the hum of nature, Buck slowly won back
A rest comes very good after one has travelled three thousand miles,
it must be confessed that Buck waxed lazy as his wounds healed, his
muscles swelled out, and the flesh came back to cover his bones. For
that matter, they were all loafing,--Buck, John Thornton, and Skeet
and Nig,--waiting for the raft to come that was to carry them down to
Dawson. Skeet was a little Irish setter who early made friends with
Buck, who, in a dying condition, was unable to resent her first
advances. She had the doctor trait which some dogs possess; and as a
mother cat washes her kittens, so sheM
washed and cleansed Buck's
wounds. Regularly, each morning after he had finished his breakfast,
she performed her self-appointed task, till he came to look for her
ministrations as much as he did for Thornton's. Nig, equally friendly,
though less demonstrative, was a huge black dog, half bloodhound and
half deerhound, with eyes that laughed and a boundless good nature.
To Buck's surprise these dogs manifested no jealousy toward him. They
seemed to share the kindliness and largeness of John Thornton. As BuM
grew stronger they enticed him into all sorts of ridiculous games, in
which Thornton himself could not forbear to join; and in this fashion
Buck romped through his convalescence and into a new existence. Love,
genuine passionate love, was his for the first time. This he had never
experienced at Judge Miller's down in the sun-kissed Santa Clara Valley.
With the Judge's sons, hunting and tramping, it had been a working
partnership; with the Judge's grandsons, a sort of pompous guardianship;
dge himself, a stately and dignified friendship. But love
that was feverish and burning, that was adoration, that was madness, it
had taken John Thornton to arouse.
This man had saved his life, which was something; but, further, he was
the ideal master. Other men saw to the welfare of their dogs from a
sense of duty and business expediency; he saw to the welfare of his as
if they were his own children, because he could not help it. And he saw
further. He never forgot a kindly greeting or a cheering word, aM
sit down for a long talk with them ("gas" he called it) was as much his
delight as theirs. He had a way of taking Buck's head roughly between
his hands, and resting his own head upon Buck's, of shaking him back
and forth, the while calling him ill names that to Buck were love
names. Buck knew no greater joy than that rough embrace and the sound of
murmured oaths, and at each jerk back and forth it seemed that his heart
would be shaken out of his body so great was its ecstasy. And when,
rang to his feet, his mouth laughing, his eyes eloquent,
his throat vibrant with unuttered sound, and in that fashion remained
without movement, John Thornton would reverently exclaim, "God! you can
Buck had a trick of love expression that was akin to hurt. He would
often seize Thornton's hand in his mouth and close so fiercely that the
flesh bore the impress of his teeth for some time afterward. And as
Buck understood the oaths to be love words, so the man understood this
For the most part, however, Buck's love was expressed in adoration.
While he went wild with happiness when Thornton touched him or spoke to
him, he did not seek these tokens. Unlike Skeet, who was wont to shove
her nose under Thornton's hand and nudge and nudge till petted, or Nig,
who would stalk up and rest his great head on Thornton's knee, Buck was
content to adore at a distance. He would lie by the hour, eager, alert,
at Thornton's feet, looking up into his face, dwelling upon it, studying
it, following with keenest interest each fleeting expression, every
movement or change of feature. Or, as chance might have it, he would lie
farther away, to the side or rear, watching the outlines of the man and
the occasional movements of his body. And often, such was the communion
in which they lived, the strength of Buck's gaze would draw John
Thornton's head around, and he would return the gaze, without speech,
his heart shining out of his eyes as Buck's heart shone out.
For a long time after his resM
cue, Buck did not like Thornton to get out
of his sight. From the moment he left the tent to when he entered it
again, Buck would follow at his heels. His transient masters since he
had come into the Northland had bred in him a fear that no master could
be permanent. He was afraid that Thornton would pass out of his life as
Perrault and Francois and the Scotch half-breed had passed out. Even in
the night, in his dreams, he was haunted by this fear. At such times
he would shake off sleep and creep through theM
chill to the flap of
the tent, where he would stand and listen to the sound of his master's
But in spite of this great love he bore John Thornton, which seemed
to bespeak the soft civilizing influence, the strain of the primitive,
which the Northland had aroused in him, remained alive and active.
Faithfulness and devotion, things born of fire and roof, were his; yet
he retained his wildness and wiliness. He was a thing of the wild, come
in from the wild to sit by John Thornton's fire, rather tM
of the soft Southland stamped with the marks of generations of
civilization. Because of his very great love, he could not steal from
this man, but from any other man, in any other camp, he did not hesitate
an instant; while the cunning with which he stole enabled him to escape
His face and body were scored by the teeth of many dogs, and he
fought as fiercely as ever and more shrewdly. Skeet and Nig were too
good-natured for quarrelling,--besides, they belonged to John Thornton;
he strange dog, no matter what the breed or valor, swiftly
acknowledged Buck's supremacy or found himself struggling for life with
a terrible antagonist. And Buck was merciless. He had learned well the
law of club and fang, and he never forewent an advantage or drew back
from a foe he had started on the way to Death. He had lessoned from
Spitz, and from the chief fighting dogs of the police and mail, and knew
there was no middle course. He must master or be mastered; while to show
mercy was a weakness. MercyM
did not exist in the primordial life. It was
misunderstood for fear, and such misunderstandings made for death. Kill
or be killed, eat or be eaten, was the law; and this mandate, down out
of the depths of Time, he obeyed.
He was older than the days he had seen and the breaths he had drawn. He
linked the past with the present, and the eternity behind him throbbed
through him in a mighty rhythm to which he swayed as the tides and
seasons swayed. He sat by John Thornton's fire, a broad-breasted dog,
anged and long-furred; but behind him were the shades of all
manner of dogs, half-wolves and wild wolves, urgent and prompting,
tasting the savor of the meat he ate, thirsting for the water he drank,
scenting the wind with him, listening with him and telling him the
sounds made by the wild life in the forest, dictating his moods,
directing his actions, lying down to sleep with him when he lay down,
and dreaming with him and beyond him and becoming themselves the stuff
So peremptorily did thM
ese shades beckon him, that each day mankind and
the claims of mankind slipped farther from him. Deep in the forest a
call was sounding, and as often as he heard this call, mysteriously
thrilling and luring, he felt compelled to turn his back upon the fire
and the beaten earth around it, and to plunge into the forest, and on
and on, he knew not where or why; nor did he wonder where or why, the
call sounding imperiously, deep in the forest. But as often as he gained
the soft unbroken earth and the green shadeM
, the love for John Thornton
drew him back to the fire again.
Thornton alone held him. The rest of mankind was as nothing. Chance
travellers might praise or pet him; but he was cold under it all,
and from a too demonstrative man he would get up and walk away. When
Thornton's partners, Hans and Pete, arrived on the long-expected raft,
Buck refused to notice them till he learned they were close to Thornton;
after that he tolerated them in a passive sort of way, accepting favors
from them as though he favoreM
d them by accepting. They were of the same
large type as Thornton, living close to the earth, thinking simply and
seeing clearly; and ere they swung the raft into the big eddy by the
saw-mill at Dawson, they understood Buck and his ways, and did not
insist upon an intimacy such as obtained with Skeet and Nig.
For Thornton, however, his love seemed to grow and grow. He, alone among
men, could put a pack upon Buck's back in the summer travelling. Nothing
was too great for Buck to do, when Thornton commanded.M
grub-staked themselves from the proceeds of the raft and left Dawson
for the head-waters of the Tanana) the men and dogs were sitting on the
crest of a cliff which fell away, straight down, to naked bed-rock three
hundred feet below. John Thornton was sitting near the edge, Buck at his
shoulder. A thoughtless whim seized Thornton, and he drew the attention
of Hans and Pete to the experiment he had in mind. "Jump, Buck!" he
commanded, sweeping his arm out and over the chasm. The next instanM
was grappling with Buck on the extreme edge, while Hans and Pete were
dragging them back into safety.
"It's uncanny," Pete said, after it was over and they had caught their
Thornton shook his head. "No, it is splendid, and it is terrible, too.
Do you know, it sometimes makes me afraid."
"I'm not hankering to be the man that lays hands on you while he's
around," Pete announced conclusively, nodding his head toward Buck.
"Py Jingo!" was Hans's contribution. "Not mineself either."
as at Circle City, ere the year was out, that Pete's apprehensions
were realized. "Black" Burton, a man evil-tempered and malicious, had
been picking a quarrel with a tenderfoot at the bar, when Thornton
stepped good-naturedly between. Buck, as was his custom, was lying in a
corner, head on paws, watching his master's every action. Burton struck
out, without warning, straight from the shoulder. Thornton was sent
spinning, and saved himself from falling only by clutching the rail of
looking on heard what was neither bark nor yelp, but a
something which is best described as a roar, and they saw Buck's body
rise up in the air as he left the floor for Burton's throat. The man
saved his life by instinctively throwing out his arm, but was hurled
backward to the floor with Buck on top of him. Buck loosed his teeth
from the flesh of the arm and drove in again for the throat. This time
the man succeeded only in partly blocking, and his throat was torn open.
Then the crowd was upon Buck, and heM
was driven off; but while a surgeon
checked the bleeding, he prowled up and down, growling furiously,
attempting to rush in, and being forced back by an array of hostile
clubs. A "miners' meeting," called on the spot, decided that the dog had
sufficient provocation, and Buck was discharged. But his reputation was
made, and from that day his name spread through every camp in Alaska.
Later on, in the fall of the year, he saved John Thornton's life in
quite another fashion. The three partners were lining a lM
poling-boat down a bad stretch of rapids on the Forty-Mile Creek. Hans
and Pete moved along the bank, snubbing with a thin Manila rope from
tree to tree, while Thornton remained in the boat, helping its descent
by means of a pole, and shouting directions to the shore. Buck, on the
bank, worried and anxious, kept abreast of the boat, his eyes never off
At a particularly bad spot, where a ledge of barely submerged rocks
jutted out into the river, Hans cast off the rope, and, whileM
poled the boat out into the stream, ran down the bank with the end in
his hand to snub the boat when it had cleared the ledge. This it did,
and was flying down-stream in a current as swift as a mill-race, when
Hans checked it with the rope and checked too suddenly. The boat flirted
over and snubbed in to the bank bottom up, while Thornton, flung sheer
out of it, was carried down-stream toward the worst part of the rapids,
a stretch of wild water in which no swimmer could live.
on the instant; and at the end of three hundred
yards, amid a mad swirl of water, he overhauled Thornton. When he felt
him grasp his tail, Buck headed for the bank, swimming with all his
splendid strength. But the progress shoreward was slow; the progress
down-stream amazingly rapid. From below came the fatal roaring where the
wild current went wilder and was rent in shreds and spray by the rocks
which thrust through like the teeth of an enormous comb. The suck of the
water as it took the beginning of the lM
ast steep pitch was frightful,
and Thornton knew that the shore was impossible. He scraped furiously
over a rock, bruised across a second, and struck a third with crushing
force. He clutched its slippery top with both hands, releasing Buck, and
above the roar of the churning water shouted: "Go, Buck! Go!"
Buck could not hold his own, and swept on down-stream, struggling
desperately, but unable to win back. When he heard Thornton's command
repeated, he partly reared out of the water, throwing his head high,M
though for a last look, then turned obediently toward the bank. He swam
powerfully and was dragged ashore by Pete and Hans at the very point
where swimming ceased to be possible and destruction began.
They knew that the time a man could cling to a slippery rock in the face
of that driving current was a matter of minutes, and they ran as fast as
they could up the bank to a point far above where Thornton was hanging
on. They attached the line with which they had been snubbing the boat to
shoulders, being careful that it should neither strangle
him nor impede his swimming, and launched him into the stream. He struck
out boldly, but not straight enough into the stream. He discovered the
mistake too late, when Thornton was abreast of him and a bare half-dozen
strokes away while he was being carried helplessly past.
Hans promptly snubbed with the rope, as though Buck were a boat. The
rope thus tightening on him in the sweep of the current, he was jerked
under the surface, and under the surfacM
e he remained till his body
struck against the bank and he was hauled out. He was half drowned, and
Hans and Pete threw themselves upon him, pounding the breath into him
and the water out of him. He staggered to his feet and fell down. The
faint sound of Thornton's voice came to them, and though they could not
make out the words of it, they knew that he was in his extremity. His
master's voice acted on Buck like an electric shock, He sprang to his
feet and ran up the bank ahead of the men to the point of hisM
Again the rope was attached and he was launched, and again he struck
out, but this time straight into the stream. He had miscalculated once,
but he would not be guilty of it a second time. Hans paid out the rope,
permitting no slack, while Pete kept it clear of coils. Buck held on
till he was on a line straight above Thornton; then he turned, and with
the speed of an express train headed down upon him. Thornton saw him
coming, and, as Buck struck him like a battering ram, with the whoM
force of the current behind him, he reached up and closed with both arms
around the shaggy neck. Hans snubbed the rope around the tree, and
Buck and Thornton were jerked under the water. Strangling, suffocating,
sometimes one uppermost and sometimes the other, dragging over the
jagged bottom, smashing against rocks and snags, they veered in to the
Thornton came to, belly downward and being violently propelled back
and forth across a drift log by Hans and Pete. His first glance was for
whose limp and apparently lifeless body Nig was setting up a
howl, while Skeet was licking the wet face and closed eyes. Thornton was
himself bruised and battered, and he went carefully over Buck's body,
when he had been brought around, finding three broken ribs.
"That settles it," he announced. "We camp right here." And camp they
did, till Buck's ribs knitted and he was able to travel.
That winter, at Dawson, Buck performed another exploit, not so heroic,
perhaps, but one that put his name many notchesM
higher on the totem-pole
of Alaskan fame. This exploit was particularly gratifying to the three
men; for they stood in need of the outfit which it furnished, and were
enabled to make a long-desired trip into the virgin East, where miners
had not yet appeared. It was brought about by a conversation in the
Eldorado Saloon, in which men waxed boastful of their favorite dogs.
Buck, because of his record, was the target for these men, and Thornton
was driven stoutly to defend him. At the end of half an hour one M
stated that his dog could start a sled with five hundred pounds and
walk off with it; a second bragged six hundred for his dog; and a third,
"Pooh! pooh!" said John Thornton; "Buck can start a thousand pounds."
"And break it out? and walk off with it for a hundred yards?" demanded
Matthewson, a Bonanza King, he of the seven hundred vaunt.
"And break it out, and walk off with it for a hundred yards," John
Thornton said coolly.
"Well," Matthewson said, slowly and deliberately, so tM
hear, "I've got a thousand dollars that says he can't. And there it
is." So saying, he slammed a sack of gold dust of the size of a bologna
sausage down upon the bar.
Nobody spoke. Thornton's bluff, if bluff it was, had been called. He
could feel a flush of warm blood creeping up his face. His tongue had
tricked him. He did not know whether Buck could start a thousand pounds.
Half a ton! The enormousness of it appalled him. He had great faith in
Buck's strength and had often thought him capaM
ble of starting such a
load; but never, as now, had he faced the possibility of it, the eyes
of a dozen men fixed upon him, silent and waiting. Further, he had no
thousand dollars; nor had Hans or Pete.
"I've got a sled standing outside now, with twenty fiftypound sacks of
flour on it," Matthewson went on with brutal directness; "so don't let
Thornton did not reply. He did not know what to say. He glanced from
face to face in the absent way of a man who has lost the power of
nd is seeking somewhere to find the thing that will start
it going again. The face of Jim O'Brien, a Mastodon King and old-time
comrade, caught his eyes. It was as a cue to him, seeming to rouse him
to do what he would never have dreamed of doing.
"Can you lend me a thousand?" he asked, almost in a whisper.
"Sure," answered O'Brien, thumping down a plethoric sack by the side of
Matthewson's. "Though it's little faith I'm having, John, that the beast
The Eldorado emptied its occupantM
s into the street to see the test. The
tables were deserted, and the dealers and gamekeepers came forth to see
the outcome of the wager and to lay odds. Several hundred men, furred
and mittened, banked around the sled within easy distance. Matthewson's
sled, loaded with a thousand pounds of flour, had been standing for a
couple of hours, and in the intense cold (it was sixty below zero) the
runners had frozen fast to the hard-packed snow. Men offered odds of two
to one that Buck could not budge the sled. A qM
uibble arose concerning
the phrase "break out." O'Brien contended it was Thornton's privilege
to knock the runners loose, leaving Buck to "break it out" from a dead
standstill. Matthewson insisted that the phrase included breaking the
runners from the frozen grip of the snow. A majority of the men who had
witnessed the making of the bet decided in his favor, whereat the odds
went up to three to one against Buck.
There were no takers. Not a man believed him capable of the feat.
Thornton had been hurried inM
to the wager, heavy with doubt; and now that
he looked at the sled itself, the concrete fact, with the regular team
of ten dogs curled up in the snow before it, the more impossible the
task appeared. Matthewson waxed jubilant.
"Three to one!" he proclaimed. "I'll lay you another thousand at that
figure, Thornton. What d'ye say?"
Thornton's doubt was strong in his face, but his fighting spirit was
aroused--the fighting spirit that soars above odds, fails to recognize
the impossible, and is deaf to all saM
ve the clamor for battle. He called
Hans and Pete to him. Their sacks were slim, and with his own the three
partners could rake together only two hundred dollars. In the ebb of
their fortunes, this sum was their total capital; yet they laid it
unhesitatingly against Matthewson's six hundred.
The team of ten dogs was unhitched, and Buck, with his own harness, was
put into the sled. He had caught the contagion of the excitement, and
he felt that in some way he must do a great thing for John Thornton.
s of admiration at his splendid appearance went up. He was in
perfect condition, without an ounce of superfluous flesh, and the one
hundred and fifty pounds that he weighed were so many pounds of grit and
virility. His furry coat shone with the sheen of silk. Down the neck and
across the shoulders, his mane, in repose as it was, half bristled and
seemed to lift with every movement, as though excess of vigor made each
particular hair alive and active. The great breast and heavy fore legs
were no more than in M
proportion with the rest of the body, where the
muscles showed in tight rolls underneath the skin. Men felt these
muscles and proclaimed them hard as iron, and the odds went down to two
"Gad, sir! Gad, sir!" stuttered a member of the latest dynasty, a king
of the Skookum Benches. "I offer you eight hundred for him, sir, before
the test, sir; eight hundred just as he stands."
Thornton shook his head and stepped to Buck's side.
"You must stand off from him," Matthewson protested. "Free play and
The crowd fell silent; only could be heard the voices of the gamblers
vainly offering two to one. Everybody acknowledged Buck a magnificent
animal, but twenty fifty-pound sacks of flour bulked too large in their
eyes for them to loosen their pouch-strings.
Thornton knelt down by Buck's side. He took his head in his two hands
and rested cheek on cheek. He did not playfully shake him, as was his
wont, or murmur soft love curses; but he whispered in his ear. "As you
love me, Buck. As you M
love me," was what he whispered. Buck whined with
suppressed eagerness.
The crowd was watching curiously. The affair was growing mysterious. It
seemed like a conjuration. As Thornton got to his feet, Buck seized his
mittened hand between his jaws, pressing in with his teeth and releasing
slowly, half-reluctantly. It was the answer, in terms, not of speech,
but of love. Thornton stepped well back.
"Now, Buck," he said.
Buck tightened the traces, then slacked them for a matter of several
the way he had learned.
"Gee!" Thornton's voice rang out, sharp in the tense silence.
Buck swung to the right, ending the movement in a plunge that took up
the slack and with a sudden jerk arrested his one hundred and fifty
pounds. The load quivered, and from under the runners arose a crisp
"Haw!" Thornton commanded.
Buck duplicated the manoeuvre, this time to the left. The crackling
turned into a snapping, the sled pivoting and the runners slipping and
grating several inches to the sidM
e. The sled was broken out. Men were
holding their breaths, intensely unconscious of the fact.
Thornton's command cracked out like a pistol-shot. Buck threw himself
forward, tightening the traces with a jarring lunge. His whole body
was gathered compactly together in the tremendous effort, the muscles
writhing and knotting like live things under the silky fur. His great
chest was low to the ground, his head forward and down, while his
feet were flying like mad, the claws scarring the hard-pM
parallel grooves. The sled swayed and trembled, half-started forward.
One of his feet slipped, and one man groaned aloud. Then the sled
lurched ahead in what appeared a rapid succession of jerks, though it
never really came to a dead stop again...half an inch...an inch... two
inches... The jerks perceptibly diminished; as the sled gained momentum,
he caught them up, till it was moving steadily along.
Men gasped and began to breathe again, unaware that for a moment they
had ceased to breathe.M
Thornton was running behind, encouraging Buck
with short, cheery words. The distance had been measured off, and as he
neared the pile of firewood which marked the end of the hundred yards,
a cheer began to grow and grow, which burst into a roar as he passed
the firewood and halted at command. Every man was tearing himself loose,
even Matthewson. Hats and mittens were flying in the air. Men were
shaking hands, it did not matter with whom, and bubbling over in a
general incoherent babel.
on his knees beside Buck. Head was against head,
and he was shaking him back and forth. Those who hurried up heard him
cursing Buck, and he cursed him long and fervently, and softly and
"Gad, sir! Gad, sir!" spluttered the Skookum Bench king. "I'll give you
a thousand for him, sir, a thousand, sir--twelve hundred, sir."
Thornton rose to his feet. His eyes were wet. The tears were streaming
frankly down his cheeks. "Sir," he said to the Skookum Bench king, "no,
sir. You can go to hell, sir. It'M
s the best I can do for you, sir."
Buck seized Thornton's hand in his teeth. Thornton shook him back and
forth. As though animated by a common impulse, the onlookers drew back
to a respectful distance; nor were they again indiscreet enough to
Chapter VII. The Sounding of the Call
When Buck earned sixteen hundred dollars in five minutes for John
Thornton, he made it possible for his master to pay off certain debts
and to journey with his partners into the East after a fabled lost minM
the history of which was as old as the history of the country. Many men
had sought it; few had found it; and more than a few there were who had
never returned from the quest. This lost mine was steeped in tragedy and
shrouded in mystery. No one knew of the first man. The oldest tradition
stopped before it got back to him. From the beginning there had been an
ancient and ramshackle cabin. Dying men had sworn to it, and to the mine
the site of which it marked, clinching their testimony with nuggets that
re unlike any known grade of gold in the Northland.
But no living man had looted this treasure house, and the dead were
dead; wherefore John Thornton and Pete and Hans, with Buck and half a
dozen other dogs, faced into the East on an unknown trail to achieve
where men and dogs as good as themselves had failed. They sledded
seventy miles up the Yukon, swung to the left into the Stewart River,
passed the Mayo and the McQuestion, and held on until the Stewart itself
became a streamlet, threading the upstandinM
g peaks which marked the
backbone of the continent.
John Thornton asked little of man or nature. He was unafraid of the
wild. With a handful of salt and a rifle he could plunge into the
wilderness and fare wherever he pleased and as long as he pleased. Being
in no haste, Indian fashion, he hunted his dinner in the course of the
day's travel; and if he failed to find it, like the Indian, he kept on
travelling, secure in the knowledge that sooner or later he would come
to it. So, on this great journey into M
the East, straight meat was the
bill of fare, ammunition and tools principally made up the load on the
sled, and the time-card was drawn upon the limitless future.
To Buck it was boundless delight, this hunting, fishing, and indefinite
wandering through strange places. For weeks at a time they would hold
on steadily, day after day; and for weeks upon end they would camp, here
and there, the dogs loafing and the men burning holes through frozen
muck and gravel and washing countless pans of dirt by the heat M
fire. Sometimes they went hungry, sometimes they feasted riotously, all
according to the abundance of game and the fortune of hunting. Summer
arrived, and dogs and men packed on their backs, rafted across blue
mountain lakes, and descended or ascended unknown rivers in slender
boats whipsawed from the standing forest.
The months came and went, and back and forth they twisted through the
uncharted vastness, where no men were and yet where men had been if
the Lost Cabin were true. They went across diM
vides in summer blizzards,
shivered under the midnight sun on naked mountains between the timber
line and the eternal snows, dropped into summer valleys amid swarming
gnats and flies, and in the shadows of glaciers picked strawberries and
flowers as ripe and fair as any the Southland could boast. In the fall
of the year they penetrated a weird lake country, sad and silent,
where wildfowl had been, but where then there was no life nor sign of
life--only the blowing of chill winds, the forming of ice in shelteM
places, and the melancholy rippling of waves on lonely beaches.
And through another winter they wandered on the obliterated trails of
men who had gone before. Once, they came upon a path blazed through the
forest, an ancient path, and the Lost Cabin seemed very near. But the
path began nowhere and ended nowhere, and it remained mystery, as the
man who made it and the reason he made it remained mystery. Another time
they chanced upon the time-graven wreckage of a hunting lodge, and
amid the shreds of rM
otted blankets John Thornton found a long-barrelled
flint-lock. He knew it for a Hudson Bay Company gun of the young days
in the Northwest, when such a gun was worth its height in beaver skins
packed flat, And that was all--no hint as to the man who in an early day
had reared the lodge and left the gun among the blankets.
Spring came on once more, and at the end of all their wandering they
found, not the Lost Cabin, but a shallow placer in a broad valley where
the gold showed like yellow butter across the M
bottom of the washing-pan.
They sought no farther. Each day they worked earned them thousands of
dollars in clean dust and nuggets, and they worked every day. The gold
was sacked in moose-hide bags, fifty pounds to the bag, and piled
like so much firewood outside the spruce-bough lodge. Like giants they
toiled, days flashing on the heels of days like dreams as they heaped
There was nothing for the dogs to do, save the hauling in of meat now
and again that Thornton killed, and Buck spent lM
the fire. The vision of the short-legged hairy man came to him more
frequently, now that there was little work to be done; and often,
blinking by the fire, Buck wandered with him in that other world which
The salient thing of this other world seemed fear. When he watched the
hairy man sleeping by the fire, head between his knees and hands
clasped above, Buck saw that he slept restlessly, with many starts and
awakenings, at which times he would peer fearfully into the darM
and fling more wood upon the fire. Did they walk by the beach of a sea,
where the hairy man gathered shellfish and ate them as he gathered,
it was with eyes that roved everywhere for hidden danger and with legs
prepared to run like the wind at its first appearance. Through the
forest they crept noiselessly, Buck at the hairy man's heels; and they
were alert and vigilant, the pair of them, ears twitching and moving and
nostrils quivering, for the man heard and smelled as keenly as Buck. The
ould spring up into the trees and travel ahead as fast as on
the ground, swinging by the arms from limb to limb, sometimes a dozen
feet apart, letting go and catching, never falling, never missing his
grip. In fact, he seemed as much at home among the trees as on the
ground; and Buck had memories of nights of vigil spent beneath trees
wherein the hairy man roosted, holding on tightly as he slept.
And closely akin to the visions of the hairy man was the call still
sounding in the depths of the forest. It fiM
lled him with a great unrest
and strange desires. It caused him to feel a vague, sweet gladness,
and he was aware of wild yearnings and stirrings for he knew not what.
Sometimes he pursued the call into the forest, looking for it as though
it were a tangible thing, barking softly or defiantly, as the mood might
dictate. He would thrust his nose into the cool wood moss, or into the
black soil where long grasses grew, and snort with joy at the fat earth
smells; or he would crouch for hours, as if in concealmenM
fungus-covered trunks of fallen trees, wide-eyed and wide-eared to all
that moved and sounded about him. It might be, lying thus, that he hoped
to surprise this call he could not understand. But he did not know why
he did these various things. He was impelled to do them, and did not
reason about them at all.
Irresistible impulses seized him. He would be lying in camp, dozing
lazily in the heat of the day, when suddenly his head would lift and his
ears cock up, intent and listening, and he would M
and dash away, and on and on, for hours, through the forest aisles and
across the open spaces where the niggerheads bunched. He loved to run
down dry watercourses, and to creep and spy upon the bird life in the
woods. For a day at a time he would lie in the underbrush where he could
watch the partridges drumming and strutting up and down. But especially
he loved to run in the dim twilight of the summer midnights, listening
to the subdued and sleepy murmurs of the forest, reading signs and
sounds as man may read a book, and seeking for the mysterious something
that called--called, waking or sleeping, at all times, for him to come.
One night he sprang from sleep with a start, eager-eyed, nostrils
quivering and scenting, his mane bristling in recurrent waves. From the
forest came the call (or one note of it, for the call was many noted),
distinct and definite as never before,--a long-drawn howl, like, yet
unlike, any noise made by husky dog. And he knew it, in the old familiar
heard before. He sprang through the sleeping camp and in
swift silence dashed through the woods. As he drew closer to the cry
he went more slowly, with caution in every movement, till he came to an
open place among the trees, and looking out saw, erect on haunches, with
nose pointed to the sky, a long, lean, timber wolf.
He had made no noise, yet it ceased from its howling and tried to sense
his presence. Buck stalked into the open, half crouching, body gathered
compactly together, tail straight and stiffM
, feet falling with unwonted
care. Every movement advertised commingled threatening and overture of
friendliness. It was the menacing truce that marks the meeting of wild
beasts that prey. But the wolf fled at sight of him. He followed, with
wild leapings, in a frenzy to overtake. He ran him into a blind channel,
in the bed of the creek where a timber jam barred the way. The wolf
whirled about, pivoting on his hind legs after the fashion of Joe and
of all cornered husky dogs, snarling and bristling, clippingM
together in a continuous and rapid succession of snaps.
Buck did not attack, but circled him about and hedged him in with
friendly advances. The wolf was suspicious and afraid; for Buck made
three of him in weight, while his head barely reached Buck's shoulder.
Watching his chance, he darted away, and the chase was resumed. Time
and again he was cornered, and the thing repeated, though he was in poor
condition, or Buck could not so easily have overtaken him. He would run
till Buck's head was evM
en with his flank, when he would whirl around at
bay, only to dash away again at the first opportunity.
But in the end Buck's pertinacity was rewarded; for the wolf, finding
that no harm was intended, finally sniffed noses with him. Then they
became friendly, and played about in the nervous, half-coy way with
which fierce beasts belie their fierceness. After some time of this the
wolf started off at an easy lope in a manner that plainly showed he was
going somewhere. He made it clear to Buck that he was toM
ran side by side through the sombre twilight, straight up the creek bed,
into the gorge from which it issued, and across the bleak divide where
On the opposite slope of the watershed they came down into a level
country where were great stretches of forest and many streams, and
through these great stretches they ran steadily, hour after hour, the
sun rising higher and the day growing warmer. Buck was wildly glad. He
knew he was at last answering the call, running by the siM
brother toward the place from where the call surely came. Old memories
were coming upon him fast, and he was stirring to them as of old he
stirred to the realities of which they were the shadows. He had done
this thing before, somewhere in that other and dimly remembered world,
and he was doing it again, now, running free in the open, the unpacked
earth underfoot, the wide sky overhead.
They stopped by a running stream to drink, and, stopping, Buck
remembered John Thornton. He sat down. TheM
wolf started on toward the
place from where the call surely came, then returned to him, sniffing
noses and making actions as though to encourage him. But Buck turned
about and started slowly on the back track. For the better part of an
hour the wild brother ran by his side, whining softly. Then he sat down,
pointed his nose upward, and howled. It was a mournful howl, and as Buck
held steadily on his way he heard it grow faint and fainter until it was
lost in the distance.
John Thornton was eating dinner M
when Buck dashed into camp and sprang
upon him in a frenzy of affection, overturning him, scrambling upon him,
licking his face, biting his hand--"playing the general tom-fool," as
John Thornton characterized it, the while he shook Buck back and forth
and cursed him lovingly.
For two days and nights Buck never left camp, never let Thornton out of
his sight. He followed him about at his work, watched him while he ate,
saw him into his blankets at night and out of them in the morning. But
call in the forest began to sound more imperiously
than ever. Buck's restlessness came back on him, and he was haunted by
recollections of the wild brother, and of the smiling land beyond the
divide and the run side by side through the wide forest stretches. Once
again he took to wandering in the woods, but the wild brother came no
more; and though he listened through long vigils, the mournful howl was
He began to sleep out at night, staying away from camp for days at a
time; and once he crM
ossed the divide at the head of the creek and went
down into the land of timber and streams. There he wandered for a week,
seeking vainly for fresh sign of the wild brother, killing his meat as
he travelled and travelling with the long, easy lope that seems never to
tire. He fished for salmon in a broad stream that emptied somewhere into
the sea, and by this stream he killed a large black bear, blinded by
the mosquitoes while likewise fishing, and raging through the forest
helpless and terrible. Even so, it M
was a hard fight, and it aroused the
last latent remnants of Buck's ferocity. And two days later, when he
returned to his kill and found a dozen wolverenes quarrelling over the
spoil, he scattered them like chaff; and those that fled left two behind
who would quarrel no more.
The blood-longing became stronger than ever before. He was a killer, a
thing that preyed, living on the things that lived, unaided, alone,
by virtue of his own strength and prowess, surviving triumphantly in a
hostile environment wheM
re only the strong survived. Because of all this
he became possessed of a great pride in himself, which communicated
itself like a contagion to his physical being. It advertised itself
in all his movements, was apparent in the play of every muscle, spoke
plainly as speech in the way he carried himself, and made his glorious
furry coat if anything more glorious. But for the stray brown on his
muzzle and above his eyes, and for the splash of white hair that ran
midmost down his chest, he might well have been mM
istaken for a gigantic
wolf, larger than the largest of the breed. From his St. Bernard father
he had inherited size and weight, but it was his shepherd mother who
had given shape to that size and weight. His muzzle was the long wolf
muzzle, save that it was larger than the muzzle of any wolf; and his head,
somewhat broader, was the wolf head on a massive scale.
His cunning was wolf cunning, and wild cunning; his intelligence,
shepherd intelligence and St. Bernard intelligence; and all this, plus
ience gained in the fiercest of schools, made him as formidable
a creature as any that roamed the wild. A carnivorous
animal living on a straight meat diet, he was in full flower, at the
high tide of his life, overspilling with vigor and virility. When
Thornton passed a caressing hand along his back, a snapping and
crackling followed the hand, each hair discharging its pent magnetism
at the contact. Every part, brain and body, nerve tissue and fibre, was
keyed to the most exquisite pitch; and between all theM
perfect equilibrium or adjustment. To sights and sounds and events which
required action, he responded with lightning-like rapidity. Quickly as
a husky dog could leap to defend from attack or to attack, he could leap
twice as quickly. He saw the movement, or heard sound, and responded
in less time than another dog required to compass the mere seeing or
hearing. He perceived and determined and responded in the same instant.
In point of fact the three actions of perceiving, determining, and
responding were sequential; but so infinitesimal were the intervals
of time between them that they appeared simultaneous. His muscles were
surcharged with vitality, and snapped into play sharply, like steel
springs. Life streamed through him in splendid flood, glad and rampant,
until it seemed that it would burst him asunder in sheer ecstasy and
pour forth generously over the world.
"Never was there such a dog," said John Thornton one day, as the
partners watched Buck marching out of camp.
made, the mould was broke," said Pete.
"Py jingo! I t'ink so mineself," Hans affirmed.
They saw him marching out of camp, but they did not see the instant and
terrible transformation which took place as soon as he was within the
secrecy of the forest. He no longer marched. At once he became a thing
of the wild, stealing along softly, cat-footed, a passing shadow
that appeared and disappeared among the shadows. He knew how to take
advantage of every cover, to crawl on his belly like a snake, and like a
snake to leap and strike. He could take a ptarmigan from its nest, kill
a rabbit as it slept, and snap in mid air the little chipmunks fleeing
a second too late for the trees. Fish, in open pools, were not too quick
for him; nor were beaver, mending their dams, too wary. He killed
to eat, not from wantonness; but he preferred to eat what he killed
himself. So a lurking humor ran through his deeds, and it was his
delight to steal upon the squirrels, and, when he all but had them, to
let them go, chattering inM
mortal fear to the treetops.
As the fall of the year came on, the moose appeared in greater
abundance, moving slowly down to meet the winter in the lower and less
rigorous valleys. Buck had already dragged down a stray part-grown calf;
but he wished strongly for larger and more formidable quarry, and he
came upon it one day on the divide at the head of the creek. A band of
twenty moose had crossed over from the land of streams and timber,
and chief among them was a great bull. He was in a savage temper, aM
standing over six feet from the ground, was as formidable an antagonist
as even Buck could desire. Back and forth the bull tossed his great
palmated antlers, branching to fourteen points and embracing seven feet
within the tips. His small eyes burned with a vicious and bitter light,
while he roared with fury at sight of Buck.
From the bull's side, just forward of the flank, protruded a feathered
arrow-end, which accounted for his savageness. Guided by that instinct
which came from the old hunting daysM
of the primordial world, Buck
proceeded to cut the bull out from the herd. It was no slight task. He
would bark and dance about in front of the bull, just out of reach
of the great antlers and of the terrible splay hoofs which could have
stamped his life out with a single blow. Unable to turn his back on
the fanged danger and go on, the bull would be driven into paroxysms of
rage. At such moments he charged Buck, who retreated craftily, luring
him on by a simulated inability to escape. But when he was thus
separated from his fellows, two or three of the younger bulls would
charge back upon Buck and enable the wounded bull to rejoin the herd.
There is a patience of the wild--dogged, tireless, persistent as life
itself--that holds motionless for endless hours the spider in its web,
the snake in its coils, the panther in its ambuscade; this patience
belongs peculiarly to life when it hunts its living food; and it
belonged to Buck as he clung to the flank of the herd, retarding
its march, irritating the young bM
ulls, worrying the cows with their
half-grown calves, and driving the wounded bull mad with helpless rage.
For half a day this continued. Buck multiplied himself, attacking from
all sides, enveloping the herd in a whirlwind of menace, cutting out his
victim as fast as it could rejoin its mates, wearing out the patience of
creatures preyed upon, which is a lesser patience than that of creatures
As the day wore along and the sun dropped to its bed in the northwest
(the darkness had come back and thM
e fall nights were six hours long),
the young bulls retraced their steps more and more reluctantly to the
aid of their beset leader. The down-coming winter was harrying them
on to the lower levels, and it seemed they could never shake off this
tireless creature that held them back. Besides, it was not the life of
the herd, or of the young bulls, that was threatened. The life of only
one member was demanded, which was a remoter interest than their lives,
and in the end they were content to pay the toll.
twilight fell the old bull stood with lowered head, watching his
mates--the cows he had known, the calves he had fathered, the bulls he
had mastered--as they shambled on at a rapid pace through the fading
light. He could not follow, for before his nose leaped the merciless
fanged terror that would not let him go. Three hundredweight more than
half a ton he weighed; he had lived a long, strong life, full of fight
and struggle, and at the end he faced death at the teeth of a creature
whose head did not reach M
beyond his great knuckled knees.
From then on, night and day, Buck never left his prey, never gave it a
moment's rest, never permitted it to browse the leaves of trees or
the shoots of young birch and willow. Nor did he give the wounded bull
opportunity to slake his burning thirst in the slender trickling streams
they crossed. Often, in desperation, he burst into long stretches of
flight. At such times Buck did not attempt to stay him, but loped easily
at his heels, satisfied with the way the game was playM
when the moose stood still, attacking him fiercely when he strove to eat
The great head drooped more and more under its tree of horns, and
the shambling trot grew weak and weaker. He took to standing for long
periods, with nose to the ground and dejected ears dropped limply; and
Buck found more time in which to get water for himself and in which to
rest. At such moments, panting with red lolling tongue and with eyes
fixed upon the big bull, it appeared to Buck that a change was coM
over the face of things. He could feel a new stir in the land. As the
moose were coming into the land, other kinds of life were coming in.
Forest and stream and air seemed palpitant with their presence. The news
of it was borne in upon him, not by sight, or sound, or smell, but by
some other and subtler sense. He heard nothing, saw nothing, yet knew
that the land was somehow different; that through it strange things were
afoot and ranging; and he resolved to investigate after he had finished
At last, at the end of the fourth day, he pulled the great moose down.
For a day and a night he remained by the kill, eating and sleeping, turn
and turn about. Then, rested, refreshed and strong, he turned his face
toward camp and John Thornton. He broke into the long easy lope, and
went on, hour after hour, never at loss for the tangled way, heading
straight home through strange country with a certitude of direction that
put man and his magnetic needle to shame.
As he held on he became moreM
and more conscious of the new stir in the
land. There was life abroad in it different from the life which had been
there throughout the summer. No longer was this fact borne in upon him
in some subtle, mysterious way. The birds talked of it, the squirrels
chattered about it, the very breeze whispered of it. Several times he
stopped and drew in the fresh morning air in great sniffs, reading a
message which made him leap on with greater speed. He was oppressed with
a sense of calamity happening, if it were noM
t calamity already happened;
and as he crossed the last watershed and dropped down into the valley
toward camp, he proceeded with greater caution.
Three miles away he came upon a fresh trail that sent his neck hair
rippling and bristling, It led straight toward camp and John Thornton.
Buck hurried on, swiftly and stealthily, every nerve straining and
tense, alert to the multitudinous details which told a story--all but
the end. His nose gave him a varying description of the passage of the
s of which he was travelling. He remarked the pregnant
silence of the forest. The bird life had flitted. The squirrels were in
hiding. One only he saw,--a sleek gray fellow, flattened against a gray
dead limb so that he seemed a part of it, a woody excrescence upon the
As Buck slid along with the obscureness of a gliding shadow, his nose
was jerked suddenly to the side as though a positive force had gripped
and pulled it. He followed the new scent into a thicket and found Nig.
his side, dead where he had dragged himself, an arrow
protruding, head and feathers, from either side of his body.
A hundred yards farther on, Buck came upon one of the sled-dogs Thornton
had bought in Dawson. This dog was thrashing about in a death-struggle,
directly on the trail, and Buck passed around him without stopping. From
the camp came the faint sound of many voices, rising and falling in a
sing-song chant. Bellying forward to the edge of the clearing, he found
Hans, lying on his face, feathered M
with arrows like a porcupine. At the
same instant Buck peered out where the spruce-bough lodge had been and
saw what made his hair leap straight up on his neck and shoulders.
A gust of overpowering rage swept over him. He did not know that he
growled, but he growled aloud with a terrible ferocity. For the last
time in his life he allowed passion to usurp cunning and reason, and it
was because of his great love for John Thornton that he lost his head.
The Yeehats were dancing about the wreckage of the sprucM
when they heard a fearful roaring and saw rushing upon them an animal
the like of which they had never seen before. It was Buck, a live
hurricane of fury, hurling himself upon them in a frenzy to destroy. He
sprang at the foremost man (it was the chief of the Yeehats), ripping
the throat wide open till the rent jugular spouted a fountain of blood.
He did not pause to worry the victim, but ripped in passing, with
the next bound tearing wide the throat of a second man. There was
him. He plunged about in their very midst, tearing,
rending, destroying, in constant and terrific motion which defied the
arrows they discharged at him. In fact, so inconceivably rapid were his
movements, and so closely were the Indians tangled together, that they
shot one another with the arrows; and one young hunter, hurling a spear
at Buck in mid air, drove it through the chest of another hunter with
such force that the point broke through the skin of the back and stood
out beyond. Then a panic seized theM
Yeehats, and they fled in terror to
the woods, proclaiming as they fled the advent of the Evil Spirit.
And truly Buck was the Fiend incarnate, raging at their heels and
dragging them down like deer as they raced through the trees. It was
a fateful day for the Yeehats. They scattered far and wide over the
country, and it was not till a week later that the last of the survivors
gathered together in a lower valley and counted their losses. As for
Buck, wearying of the pursuit, he returned to the desolated caM
found Pete where he had been killed in his blankets in the first moment
of surprise. Thornton's desperate struggle was fresh-written on the
earth, and Buck scented every detail of it down to the edge of a deep
pool. By the edge, head and fore feet in the water, lay Skeet, faithful
to the last. The pool itself, muddy and discolored from the sluice
boxes, effectually hid what it contained, and it contained John
Thornton; for Buck followed his trace into the water, from which no
ay Buck brooded by the pool or roamed restlessly about the camp.
Death, as a cessation of movement, as a passing out and away from the
lives of the living, he knew, and he knew John Thornton was dead. It
left a great void in him, somewhat akin to hunger, but a void which
ached and ached, and which food could not fill, At times, when he paused
to contemplate the carcasses of the Yeehats, he forgot the pain of it;
and at such times he was aware of a great pride in himself,--a pride
greater than any he had yet M
experienced. He had killed man, the noblest
game of all, and he had killed in the face of the law of club and fang.
He sniffed the bodies curiously. They had died so easily. It was harder
to kill a husky dog than them. They were no match at all, were it
not for their arrows and spears and clubs. Thenceforward he would be
unafraid of them except when they bore in their hands their arrows,
Night came on, and a full moon rose high over the trees into the sky,
lighting the land till it lay M
bathed in ghostly day. And with the coming
of the night, brooding and mourning by the pool, Buck became alive to a
stirring of the new life in the forest other than that which the Yeehats
had made, He stood up, listening and scenting. From far away drifted a
faint, sharp yelp, followed by a chorus of similar sharp yelps. As the
moments passed the yelps grew closer and louder. Again Buck knew them
as things heard in that other world which persisted in his memory. He
walked to the centre of the open space and M
listened. It was the call,
the many-noted call, sounding more luringly and compellingly than ever
before. And as never before, he was ready to obey. John Thornton was
dead. The last tie was broken. Man and the claims of man no longer bound
Hunting their living meat, as the Yeehats were hunting it, on the flanks
of the migrating moose, the wolf pack had at last crossed over from the
land of streams and timber and invaded Buck's valley. Into the clearing
where the moonlight streamed, they poured in a sM
ilvery flood; and in the
centre of the clearing stood Buck, motionless as a statue, waiting their
coming. They were awed, so still and large he stood, and a moment's
pause fell, till the boldest one leaped straight for him. Like a flash
Buck struck, breaking the neck. Then he stood, without movement, as
before, the stricken wolf rolling in agony behind him. Three others
tried it in sharp succession; and one after the other they drew back,
streaming blood from slashed throats or shoulders.
ent to fling the whole pack forward, pell-mell, crowded
together, blocked and confused by its eagerness to pull down the
prey. Buck's marvellous quickness and agility stood him in good stead.
Pivoting on his hind legs, and snapping and gashing, he was everywhere
at once, presenting a front which was apparently unbroken so swiftly did
he whirl and guard from side to side. But to prevent them from getting
behind him, he was forced back, down past the pool and into the creek
bed, till he brought up against a hiM
gh gravel bank. He worked along to a
right angle in the bank which the men had made in the course of mining,
and in this angle he came to bay, protected on three sides and with
nothing to do but face the front.
And so well did he face it, that at the end of half an hour the wolves
drew back discomfited. The tongues of all were out and lolling, the
white fangs showing cruelly white in the moonlight. Some were lying down
with heads raised and ears pricked forward; others stood on their feet,
nd still others were lapping water from the pool. One
wolf, long and lean and gray, advanced cautiously, in a friendly manner,
and Buck recognized the wild brother with whom he had run for a night
and a day. He was whining softly, and, as Buck whined, they touched
Then an old wolf, gaunt and battle-scarred, came forward. Buck writhed
his lips into the preliminary of a snarl, but sniffed noses with him,
Whereupon the old wolf sat down, pointed nose at the moon, and broke
out the long wolf howl. The M
others sat down and howled. And now the call
came to Buck in unmistakable accents. He, too, sat down and howled. This
over, he came out of his angle and the pack crowded around him, sniffing
in half-friendly, half-savage manner. The leaders lifted the yelp of the
pack and sprang away into the woods. The wolves swung in behind, yelping
in chorus. And Buck ran with them, side by side with the wild brother,
And here may well end the story of Buck. The years were not manyM
the Yeehats noted a change in the breed of timber wolves; for some were
seen with splashes of brown on head and muzzle, and with a rift of white
centring down the chest. But more remarkable than this, the Yeehats tell
of a Ghost Dog that runs at the head of the pack. They are afraid of
this Ghost Dog, for it has cunning greater than they, stealing from
their camps in fierce winters, robbing their traps, slaying their dogs,
and defying their bravest hunters.
Nay, the tale grows worse. Hunters there aM
re who fail to return to
the camp, and hunters there have been whom their tribesmen found with
throats slashed cruelly open and with wolf prints about them in the snow
greater than the prints of any wolf. Each fall, when the Yeehats follow
the movement of the moose, there is a certain valley which they never
enter. And women there are who become sad when the word goes over
the fire of how the Evil Spirit came to select that valley for an
In the summers there is one visitor, however, to thatM
the Yeehats do not know. It is a great, gloriously coated wolf, like,
and yet unlike, all other wolves. He crosses alone from the smiling
timber land and comes down into an open space among the trees. Here
a yellow stream flows from rotted moose-hide sacks and sinks into
the ground, with long grasses growing through it and vegetable mould
overrunning it and hiding its yellow from the sun; and here he muses for
a time, howling once, long and mournfully, ere he departs.
But he is not alwayMS
s alone. When the long winter nights come on and the
wolves follow their meat into the lower valleys, he may be seen running
at the head of the pack through the pale moonlight or glimmering
borealis, leaping gigantic above his fellows, his great throat a-bellow
as he sings a song of the younger world, which is the song of the pack.
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The War of the Worlds by H. G. Wells
But who shall dwell in these worlds if they be inhabited?
. . . Are we or they Lords of the World? . . . And
how are all things made for man?
KEPLER (quoted in _The Anatomy of Melancholy_)
THE COMING OF THE MARTIANS
I. THE EVE OF THE WAR.
II. THE FALLING STAR.
III. ON HORSELL COMMON.
IV. THE CYLINDER OPENS.
VI. THE HEAT-RAY IN THE CHOBHAM ROAD.
VIII. FRIDAY NIGHT.
IX. THE FIGHTING BEGINS.
XII. WHAT I SAW OF THE DESTRUCTION OF WEYBRIDGE AND SHEPPERTON.
XIII. HOW I FELL IN WITH THE CURATE.
XV. WHAT HAD HAPPENED IN SURREY.
XVI. THE EXODUS FROM LONDON.
THE EARTH UNDER THE MARTIANS
II. WHAT WE SAW FROM THE RUINED HOUSE.
III. THE DAYS OF IMPRISONMENT.
IV. THE DEATH OF THE CURATE.
WORK OF FIFTEEN DAYS.
VII. THE MAN ON PUTNEY HILL.
THE COMING OF THE MARTIANS
No one would have believed in the last years of the nineteenth century
that this world was being watched keenly and closely by intelligences
s and yet as mortal as his own; that as men busied
themselves about their various concerns they were scrutinised and
studied, perhaps almost as narrowly as a man wM
ith a microscope might
scrutinise the transient creatures that swarm and multiply in a drop of
water. With infinite complacency men went to and fro over this globe
about their little affairs, serene in their assurance of their empire
over matter. It is possible that the infusoria under the microscope do
the same. No one gave a thought to the older worlds of space as sources
of human danger, or thought of them only to dismiss the idea of life
upon them as impossible or improbable. It is curious to recall someM
the mental habits of those departed days. At most terrestrial men
fancied there might be other men upon Mars, perhaps inferior to
themselves and ready to welcome a missionary enterprise. Yet across the
gulf of space, minds that are to our minds as ours are to those of the
beasts that perish, intellects vast and cool and unsympathetic,
regarded this earth with envious eyes, and slowly and surely drew their
plans against us. And early in the twentieth century came the great
Mars, I scarcely need remind the reader, revolves about the
sun at a mean distance of 140,000,000 miles, and the light and heat it
receives from the sun is barely half of that received by this world. It
must be, if the nebular hypothesis has any truth, older than our world;
and long before this earth ceased to be molten, life upon its surface
must have begun its course. The fact that it is scarcely one seventh of
the volume of the earth must have accelerated its cooling to the
temperature at which life couldM
begin. It has air and water and all
that is necessary for the support of animated existence.
Yet so vain is man, and so blinded by his vanity, that no writer, up to
the very end of the nineteenth century, expressed any idea that
intelligent life might have developed there far, or indeed at all,
beyond its earthly level. Nor was it generally understood that since
Mars is older than our earth, with scarcely a quarter of the
superficial area and remoter from the sun, it necessarily follows that
ly more distant from time
s beginning but nearer its end.
The secular cooling that must someday overtake our planet has already
gone far indeed with our neighbour. Its physical condition is still
largely a mystery, but we know now that even in its equatorial region
the midday temperature barely approaches that of our coldest winter.
Its air is much more attenuated than ours, its oceans have shrunk until
they cover but a third of its surface, and as its slow seasons change
huge snowcaps gather and melt abM
out either pole and periodically
inundate its temperate zones. That last stage of exhaustion, which to
us is still incredibly remote, has become a present-day problem for the
inhabitants of Mars. The immediate pressure of necessity has brightened
their intellects, enlarged their powers, and hardened their hearts. And
looking across space with instruments, and intelligences such as we
have scarcely dreamed of, they see, at its nearest distance only
35,000,000 of miles sunward of them, a morning star of hope, M
warmer planet, green with vegetation and grey with water, with a cloudy
atmosphere eloquent of fertility, with glimpses through its drifting
cloud wisps of broad stretches of populous country and narrow,
And we men, the creatures who inhabit this earth, must be to them at
least as alien and lowly as are the monkeys and lemurs to us. The
intellectual side of man already admits that life is an incessant
struggle for existence, and it would seem that this too is the belief
minds upon Mars. Their world is far gone in its cooling and this
world is still crowded with life, but crowded only with what they
regard as inferior animals. To carry warfare sunward is, indeed, their
only escape from the destruction that, generation after generation,
And before we judge of them too harshly we must remember what ruthless
and utter destruction our own species has wrought, not only upon
animals, such as the vanished bison and the dodo, but upon its inferior
manians, in spite of their human likeness, were entirely
swept out of existence in a war of extermination waged by European
immigrants, in the space of fifty years. Are we such apostles of mercy
as to complain if the Martians warred in the same spirit?
The Martians seem to have calculated their descent with amazing
their mathematical learning is evidently far in excess of
and to have carried out their preparations with a well-nigh
perfect unanimity. Had our instruments permitted it, we miM
the gathering trouble far back in the nineteenth century. Men like
Schiaparelli watched the red planet
it is odd, by-the-bye, that for
countless centuries Mars has been the star of war
interpret the fluctuating appearances of the markings they mapped so
well. All that time the Martians must have been getting ready.
During the opposition of 1894 a great light was seen on the illuminated
part of the disk, first at the Lick Observatory, then by Perrotin of
Nice, and then by otM
her observers. English readers heard of it first in
the issue of _Nature_ dated August 2. I am inclined to think that this
blaze may have been the casting of the huge gun, in the vast pit sunk
into their planet, from which their shots were fired at us. Peculiar
markings, as yet unexplained, were seen near the site of that outbreak
during the next two oppositions.
The storm burst upon us six years ago now. As Mars approached
opposition, Lavelle of Java set the wires of the astronomical exchange
with the amazing intelligence of a huge outbreak of
incandescent gas upon the planet. It had occurred towards midnight of
the twelfth; and the spectroscope, to which he had at once resorted,
indicated a mass of flaming gas, chiefly hydrogen, moving with an
enormous velocity towards this earth. This jet of fire had become
invisible about a quarter past twelve. He compared it to a colossal
puff of flame suddenly and violently squirted out of the planet,
flaming gases rushed out of a gun.
rly appropriate phrase it proved. Yet the next day there was
nothing of this in the papers except a little note in the _Daily
Telegraph_, and the world went in ignorance of one of the gravest
dangers that ever threatened the human race. I might not have heard of
the eruption at all had I not met Ogilvy, the well-known astronomer, at
Ottershaw. He was immensely excited at the news, and in the excess of
his feelings invited me up to take a turn with him that night in a
scrutiny of the red planet.
f all that has happened since, I still remember that vigil
very distinctly: the black and silent observatory, the shadowed lantern
throwing a feeble glow upon the floor in the corner, the steady ticking
of the clockwork of the telescope, the little slit in the roof
oblong profundity with the stardust streaked across it. Ogilvy moved
about, invisible but audible. Looking through the telescope, one saw a
circle of deep blue and the little round planet swimming in the field.
It seemed such a little thing, M
so bright and small and still, faintly
marked with transverse stripes, and slightly flattened from the perfect
round. But so little it was, so silvery warm
was as if it quivered, but really this was the telescope vibrating with
the activity of the clockwork that kept the planet in view.
As I watched, the planet seemed to grow larger and smaller and to
advance and recede, but that was simply that my eye was tired. Forty
millions of miles it was from us
more than forty millionM
void. Few people realise the immensity of vacancy in which the dust of
the material universe swims.
Near it in the field, I remember, were three faint points of light,
three telescopic stars infinitely remote, and all around it was the
unfathomable darkness of empty space. You know how that blackness looks
on a frosty starlight night. In a telescope it seems far profounder.
And invisible to me because it was so remote and small, flying swiftly
and steadily towards me across that incredible dM
istance, drawing nearer
every minute by so many thousands of miles, came the Thing they were
sending us, the Thing that was to bring so much struggle and calamity
and death to the earth. I never dreamed of it then as I watched; no one
on earth dreamed of that unerring missile.
That night, too, there was another jetting out of gas from the distant
planet. I saw it. A reddish flash at the edge, the slightest projection
of the outline just as the chronometer struck midnight; and at that I
told Ogilvy and he M
took my place. The night was warm and I was thirsty,
and I went stretching my legs clumsily and feeling my way in the
darkness, to the little table where the siphon stood, while Ogilvy
exclaimed at the streamer of gas that came out towards us.
That night another invisible missile started on its way to the earth
from Mars, just a second or so under twenty-four hours after the first
one. I remember how I sat on the table there in the blackness, with
patches of green and crimson swimming before my eyes. I wisM
light to smoke by, little suspecting the meaning of the minute gleam I
had seen and all that it would presently bring me. Ogilvy watched till
one, and then gave it up; and we lit the lantern and walked over to his
house. Down below in the darkness were Ottershaw and Chertsey and all
their hundreds of people, sleeping in peace.
He was full of speculation that night about the condition of Mars, and
scoffed at the vulgar idea of its having inhabitants who were
signalling us. His idea was that metM
eorites might be falling in a heavy
shower upon the planet, or that a huge volcanic explosion was in
progress. He pointed out to me how unlikely it was that organic
evolution had taken the same direction in the two adjacent planets.
The chances against anything manlike on Mars are a million to one,
Hundreds of observers saw the flame that night and the night after
about midnight, and again the night after; and so for ten nights, a
flame each night. Why the shots ceased after the tenth no M
has attempted to explain. It may be the gases of the firing caused the
Martians inconvenience. Dense clouds of smoke or dust, visible through
a powerful telescope on earth as little grey, fluctuating patches,
spread through the clearness of the planet
s atmosphere and obscured
its more familiar features.
Even the daily papers woke up to the disturbances at last, and popular
notes appeared here, there, and everywhere concerning the volcanoes
upon Mars. The seriocomic periodical _Punch_, I reM
member, made a happy
use of it in the political cartoon. And, all unsuspected, those
missiles the Martians had fired at us drew earthward, rushing now at a
pace of many miles a second through the empty gulf of space, hour by
hour and day by day, nearer and nearer. It seems to me now almost
incredibly wonderful that, with that swift fate hanging over us, men
could go about their petty concerns as they did. I remember how
jubilant Markham was at securing a new photograph of the planet for the
r he edited in those days. People in these latter times
scarcely realise the abundance and enterprise of our nineteenth-century
papers. For my own part, I was much occupied in learning to ride the
bicycle, and busy upon a series of papers discussing the probable
developments of moral ideas as civilisation progressed.
One night (the first missile then could scarcely have been 10,000,000
miles away) I went for a walk with my wife. It was starlight and I
explained the Signs of the Zodiac to her, and pointed oM
bright dot of light creeping zenithward, towards which so many
telescopes were pointed. It was a warm night. Coming home, a party of
excursionists from Chertsey or Isleworth passed us singing and playing
music. There were lights in the upper windows of the houses as the
people went to bed. From the railway station in the distance came the
sound of shunting trains, ringing and rumbling, softened almost into
melody by the distance. My wife pointed out to me the brightness of the
red, green, and yelM
low signal lights hanging in a framework against the
sky. It seemed so safe and tranquil.
Then came the night of the first falling star. It was seen early in the
morning, rushing over Winchester eastward, a line of flame high in the
atmosphere. Hundreds must have seen it, and taken it for an ordinary
falling star. Albin described it as leaving a greenish streak behind it
that glowed for some seconds. Denning, our greatest authority on
meteorites, stated that the height of M
its first appearance was about
ninety or one hundred miles. It seemed to him that it fell to earth
about one hundred miles east of him.
I was at home at that hour and writing in my study; and although my
French windows face towards Ottershaw and the blind was up (for I loved
in those days to look up at the night sky), I saw nothing of it. Yet
this strangest of all things that ever came to earth from outer space
must have fallen while I was sitting there, visible to me had I only
looked up as it passed. SoM
me of those who saw its flight say it
travelled with a hissing sound. I myself heard nothing of that. Many
people in Berkshire, Surrey, and Middlesex must have seen the fall of
it, and, at most, have thought that another meteorite had descended. No
one seems to have troubled to look for the fallen mass that night.
But very early in the morning poor Ogilvy, who had seen the shooting
star and who was persuaded that a meteorite lay somewhere on the common
between Horsell, Ottershaw, and Woking, rose early witM
finding it. Find it he did, soon after dawn, and not far from the
sand-pits. An enormous hole had been made by the impact of the
projectile, and the sand and gravel had been flung violently in every
direction over the heath, forming heaps visible a mile and a half away.
The heather was on fire eastward, and a thin blue smoke rose against
The Thing itself lay almost entirely buried in sand, amidst the
scattered splinters of a fir tree it had shivered to fragments in its
e uncovered part had the appearance of a huge cylinder,
caked over and its outline softened by a thick scaly dun-coloured
incrustation. It had a diameter of about thirty yards. He approached
the mass, surprised at the size and more so at the shape, since most
meteorites are rounded more or less completely. It was, however, still
so hot from its flight through the air as to forbid his near approach.
A stirring noise within its cylinder he ascribed to the unequal cooling
of its surface; for at that time it hadM
not occurred to him that it
He remained standing at the edge of the pit that the Thing had made for
itself, staring at its strange appearance, astonished chiefly at its
unusual shape and colour, and dimly perceiving even then some evidence
of design in its arrival. The early morning was wonderfully still, and
the sun, just clearing the pine trees towards Weybridge, was already
warm. He did not remember hearing any birds that morning, there was
certainly no breeze stirring, and the only sM
ounds were the faint
movements from within the cindery cylinder. He was all alone on the
Then suddenly he noticed with a start that some of the grey clinker,
the ashy incrustation that covered the meteorite, was falling off the
circular edge of the end. It was dropping off in flakes and raining
down upon the sand. A large piece suddenly came off and fell with a
sharp noise that brought his heart into his mouth.
For a minute he scarcely realised what this meant, and, although the
ive, he clambered down into the pit close to the bulk to
see the Thing more clearly. He fancied even then that the cooling of
the body might account for this, but what disturbed that idea was the
fact that the ash was falling only from the end of the cylinder.
And then he perceived that, very slowly, the circular top of the
cylinder was rotating on its body. It was such a gradual movement that
he discovered it only through noticing that a black mark that had been
near him five minutes ago was now at the otM
circumference. Even then he scarcely understood what this indicated,
until he heard a muffled grating sound and saw the black mark jerk
forward an inch or so. Then the thing came upon him in a flash. The
cylinder was artificial
with an end that screwed out! Something
within the cylinder was unscrewing the top!
roasted to death! Trying to escape!
At once, with a quick mental leap, he linked the ThingM
The thought of the confined creature was so dreadful to him that he
forgot the heat and went forward to the cylinder to help turn. But
luckily the dull radiation arrested him before he could burn his hands
on the still-glowing metal. At that he stood irresolute for a moment,
then turned, scrambled out of the pit, and set off running wildly into
Woking. The time then must have been somewhere about six o
met a waggoner and tried to make him understand, but the tale he M
and his appearance were so wild
his hat had fallen off in the pit
the man simply drove on. He was equally unsuccessful with the potman
who was just unlocking the doors of the public-house by Horsell Bridge.
The fellow thought he was a lunatic at large and made an unsuccessful
attempt to shut him into the taproom. That sobered him a little; and
when he saw Henderson, the London journalist, in his garden, he called
over the palings and made himself understood.
u saw that shooting star last night?
s out on Horsell Common now.
Fallen meteorite! That
s something more than a meteorite. It
artificial cylinder, man! And there
Henderson stood up with his spade in his hand.
he said. He was deaf in one ear.
Ogilvy told him all that he had seen. Henderson was a minute or so
he dropped his spade, snatched up his jacket, and
came out into the road. The two men hurried back at once to the common,
and found the cylinder still lying in the same position. But now the
sounds inside had ceased, and a thin circle of bright metal showed
between the top and the body of the cylinder. Air was either entering
or escaping at the rim with a thin, sizzling sound.
They listened, rapped on the scaly burnt metal with a stick, and,
meeting with no response, they both concluded the man or men insM
must be insensible or dead.
Of course the two were quite unable to do anything. They shouted
consolation and promises, and went off back to the town again to get
help. One can imagine them, covered with sand, excited and disordered,
running up the little street in the bright sunlight just as the shop
folks were taking down their shutters and people were opening their
bedroom windows. Henderson went into the railway station at once, in
order to telegraph the news to London. The newspaper articles had
s minds for the reception of the idea.
clock a number of boys and unemployed men had already
started for the common to see the
form the story took. I heard of it first from my newspaper boy about a
quarter to nine when I went out to get my _Daily Chronicle_. I was
naturally startled, and lost no time in going out and across the
Ottershaw bridge to the sand-pits.
I found a little crowd of perhaps twenty M
people surrounding the huge
hole in which the cylinder lay. I have already described the appearance
of that colossal bulk, embedded in the ground. The turf and gravel
about it seemed charred as if by a sudden explosion. No doubt its
impact had caused a flash of fire. Henderson and Ogilvy were not there.
I think they perceived that nothing was to be done for the present, and
had gone away to breakfast at Henderson
There were four or five boys sitting on the edge of the Pit, with their
ing, and amusing themselves
until I stopped them
stones at the giant mass. After I had spoken to them about it, they
in and out of the group of bystanders.
Among these were a couple of cyclists, a jobbing gardener I employed
sometimes, a girl carrying a baby, Gregg the butcher and his little
boy, and two or three loafers and golf caddies who were accustomed to
hang about the railway station. There was very little talking. Few of
the common people in England had M
anything but the vaguest astronomical
ideas in those days. Most of them were staring quietly at the big table
like end of the cylinder, which was still as Ogilvy and Henderson had
left it. I fancy the popular expectation of a heap of charred corpses
was disappointed at this inanimate bulk. Some went away while I was
there, and other people came. I clambered into the pit and fancied I
heard a faint movement under my feet. The top had certainly ceased to
It was only when I got thus close to it that M
the strangeness of this
object was at all evident to me. At the first glance it was really no
more exciting than an overturned carriage or a tree blown across the
road. Not so much so, indeed. It looked like a rusty gas float. It
required a certain amount of scientific education to perceive that the
grey scale of the Thing was no common oxide, that the yellowish-white
metal that gleamed in the crack between the lid and the cylinder had an
had no meaning for most of theM
At that time it was quite clear in my own mind that the Thing had come
from the planet Mars, but I judged it improbable that it contained any
living creature. I thought the unscrewing might be automatic. In spite
of Ogilvy, I still believed that there were men in Mars. My mind ran
fancifully on the possibilities of its containing manuscript, on the
difficulties in translation that might arise, whether we should find
coins and models in it, and so forth. Yet it was a little too large for
ance on this idea. I felt an impatience to see it opened. About
eleven, as nothing seemed happening, I walked back, full of such
thought, to my home in Maybury. But I found it difficult to get to work
upon my abstract investigations.
In the afternoon the appearance of the common had altered very much.
The early editions of the evening papers had startled London with
A MESSAGE RECEIVED FROM MARS.
REMARKABLE STORY FROM WOKING,
and so forth. In addition, Ogilvy
wire to the Astronomical Exchange
had roused every observatory in the three kingdoms.
There were half a dozen flys or more from the Woking station standing
in the road by the sand-pits, a basket-chaise from Chobham, and a
rather lordly carriage. Besides that, there was quite a heap of
bicycles. In addition, a large number of people must have walked, in
spite of the heat of the day, from Woking and Chertsey, so that there
was altogether quite a considerable crowd
one or two gaily dressed
It was glaringly hot, not a cloud in the sky nor a breath of wind, and
the only shadow was that of the few scattered pine trees. The burning
heather had been extinguished, but the level ground towards Ottershaw
was blackened as far as one could see, and still giving off vertical
streamers of smoke. An enterprising sweet-stuff dealer in the Chobham
Road had sent up his son with a barrow-load of green apples and ginger
Going to the edge of the pit, I found it occupied by a group of about
Henderson, Ogilvy, and a tall, fair-haired man that I
afterwards learned was Stent, the Astronomer Royal, with several
workmen wielding spades and pickaxes. Stent was giving directions in a
clear, high-pitched voice. He was standing on the cylinder, which was
now evidently much cooler; his face was crimson and streaming with
perspiration, and something seemed to have irritated him.
A large portion of the cylinder had been uncovered, though its lower
end was still embedded. As soon as OgilM
vy saw me among the staring
crowd on the edge of the pit he called to me to come down, and asked me
if I would mind going over to see Lord Hilton, the lord of the manor.
The growing crowd, he said, was becoming a serious impediment to their
excavations, especially the boys. They wanted a light railing put up,
and help to keep the people back. He told me that a faint stirring was
occasionally still audible within the case, but that the workmen had
failed to unscrew the top, as it afforded no grip to them. TM
appeared to be enormously thick, and it was possible that the faint
sounds we heard represented a noisy tumult in the interior.
I was very glad to do as he asked, and so become one of the privileged
spectators within the contemplated enclosure. I failed to find Lord
Hilton at his house, but I was told he was expected from London by the
clock train from Waterloo; and as it was then about a quarter
past five, I went home, had some tea, and walked up to the station to
When I returned to the common the sun was setting. Scattered groups
were hurrying from the direction of Woking, and one or two persons were
returning. The crowd about the pit had increased, and stood out black
against the lemon yellow of the sky
a couple of hundred people,
perhaps. There were raised voices, and some sort of struggle appeared
to be going on about the pit. Strange imaginings passed through my
mind. As I drew nearer I heard Stent
Keep back! Keep backM
A boy came running towards me.
he said to me as he passed;
I went on to the crowd. There were really, I should think, two or three
hundred people elbowing and jostling one another, the one or two ladies
there being by no means the least active.
s fallen in the pit!
The crowd swayed a little, and I elbowed my way throughM
seemed greatly excited. I heard a peculiar humming sound from the pit.
help keep these idiots back. We don
s in the confounded thing, you know!
I saw a young man, a shop assistant in Woking I believe he was,
standing on the cylinder and trying to scramble out of the hole again.
The crowd had pushed him in.
The end of the cylinder was being screwed out from within. Nearly two
feet of shining screw projected. Somebody blundered against me, and M
narrowly missed being pitched onto the top of the screw. I turned, and
as I did so the screw must have come out, for the lid of the cylinder
fell upon the gravel with a ringing concussion. I stuck my elbow into
the person behind me, and turned my head towards the Thing again. For a
moment that circular cavity seemed perfectly black. I had the sunset in
I think everyone expected to see a man emerge
possibly something a
little unlike us terrestrial men, but in all essentials a man. I know I
d. But, looking, I presently saw something stirring within the
shadow: greyish billowy movements, one above another, and then two
like eyes. Then something resembling a little grey
snake, about the thickness of a walking stick, coiled up out of the
writhing middle, and wriggled in the air towards me
A sudden chill came over me. There was a loud shriek from a woman
behind. I half turned, keeping my eyes fixed upon the cylinder still,
from which other tentacles were now pM
rojecting, and began pushing my
way back from the edge of the pit. I saw astonishment giving place to
horror on the faces of the people about me. I heard inarticulate
exclamations on all sides. There was a general movement backwards. I
saw the shopman struggling still on the edge of the pit. I found myself
alone, and saw the people on the other side of the pit running off,
Stent among them. I looked again at the cylinder, and ungovernable
terror gripped me. I stood petrified and staring.
nded bulk, the size, perhaps, of a bear, was rising
slowly and painfully out of the cylinder. As it bulged up and caught
the light, it glistened like wet leather.
Two large dark-coloured eyes were regarding me steadfastly. The mass
that framed them, the head of the thing, was rounded, and had, one
might say, a face. There was a mouth under the eyes, the lipless brim
of which quivered and panted, and dropped saliva. The whole creature
heaved and pulsated convulsively. A lank tentacular appendage gripped
e edge of the cylinder, another swayed in the air.
Those who have never seen a living Martian can scarcely imagine the
strange horror of its appearance. The peculiar V-shaped mouth with its
pointed upper lip, the absence of brow ridges, the absence of a chin
beneath the wedgelike lower lip, the incessant quivering of this mouth,
the Gorgon groups of tentacles, the tumultuous breathing of the lungs
in a strange atmosphere, the evident heaviness and painfulness of
movement due to the greater gravitational enM
all, the extraordinary intensity of the immense eyes
vital, intense, inhuman, crippled and monstrous. There was something
fungoid in the oily brown skin, something in the clumsy deliberation of
the tedious movements unspeakably nasty. Even at this first encounter,
this first glimpse, I was overcome with disgust and dread.
Suddenly the monster vanished. It had toppled over the brim of the
cylinder and fallen into the pit, with a thud like the fall of a great
leather. I heard it give a peculiar thick cry, and forthwith
another of these creatures appeared darkly in the deep shadow of the
I turned and, running madly, made for the first group of trees, perhaps
a hundred yards away; but I ran slantingly and stumbling, for I could
not avert my face from these things.
There, among some young pine trees and furze bushes, I stopped,
panting, and waited further developments. The common round the
sand-pits was dotted with people, standing like myself in a
half-fascinated terror, staring at these creatures, or rather at the
heaped gravel at the edge of the pit in which they lay. And then, with
a renewed horror, I saw a round, black object bobbing up and down on
the edge of the pit. It was the head of the shopman who had fallen in,
but showing as a little black object against the hot western sun. Now
he got his shoulder and knee up, and again he seemed to slip back until
only his head was visible. Suddenly he vanished, and I could have
fancied a faint shriek haM
d reached me. I had a momentary impulse to go
back and help him that my fears overruled.
Everything was then quite invisible, hidden by the deep pit and the
heap of sand that the fall of the cylinder had made. Anyone coming
along the road from Chobham or Woking would have been amazed at the
a dwindling multitude of perhaps a hundred people or more
standing in a great irregular circle, in ditches, behind bushes, behind
gates and hedges, saying little to one another and that in short,
, and staring, staring hard at a few heaps of sand. The
barrow of ginger beer stood, a queer derelict, black against the
burning sky, and in the sand-pits was a row of deserted vehicles with
their horses feeding out of nosebags or pawing the ground.
After the glimpse I had had of the Martians emerging from the cylinder
in which they had come to the earth from their planet, a kind of
fascination paralysed my actions. I remained standing knee-deep in the
heather, staring at the mM
ound that hid them. I was a battleground of
I did not dare to go back towards the pit, but I felt a passionate
longing to peer into it. I began walking, therefore, in a big curve,
seeking some point of vantage and continually looking at the sand-heaps
that hid these new-comers to our earth. Once a leash of thin black
whips, like the arms of an octopus, flashed across the sunset and was
immediately withdrawn, and afterwards a thin rod rose up, joint by
joint, bearing at its apex a circuM
lar disk that spun with a wobbling
motion. What could be going on there?
Most of the spectators had gathered in one or two groups
crowd towards Woking, the other a knot of people in the direction of
Chobham. Evidently they shared my mental conflict. There were few near
me. One man I approached
he was, I perceived, a neighbour of mine,
though I did not know his name
and accosted. But it was scarcely a time
for articulate conversation.
repeated this over and over again.
Did you see a man in the pit?
I said; but he made no answer to that.
We became silent, and stood watching for a time side by side, deriving,
I fancy, a certain comfort in one another
s company. Then I shifted my
position to a little knoll that gave me the advantage of a yard or more
of elevation and when I looked for him presently he was walking towards
The sunset faded to twilight before anything further happened. The
ay on the left, towards Woking, seemed to grow, and I heard
now a faint murmur from it. The little knot of people towards Chobham
dispersed. There was scarcely an intimation of movement from the pit.
It was this, as much as anything, that gave people courage, and I
suppose the new arrivals from Woking also helped to restore confidence.
At any rate, as the dusk came on a slow, intermittent movement upon the
sand-pits began, a movement that seemed to gather force as the
stillness of the evening about the cylM
inder remained unbroken. Vertical
black figures in twos and threes would advance, stop, watch, and
advance again, spreading out as they did so in a thin irregular
crescent that promised to enclose the pit in its attenuated horns. I,
too, on my side began to move towards the pit.
Then I saw some cabmen and others had walked boldly into the sand-pits,
and heard the clatter of hoofs and the gride of wheels. I saw a lad
trundling off the barrow of apples. And then, within thirty yards of
the pit, advancing frM
om the direction of Horsell, I noted a little
black knot of men, the foremost of whom was waving a white flag.
This was the Deputation. There had been a hasty consultation, and since
the Martians were evidently, in spite of their repulsive forms,
intelligent creatures, it had been resolved to show them, by
approaching them with signals, that we too were intelligent.
Flutter, flutter, went the flag, first to the right, then to the left.
It was too far for me to recognise anyone there, but afterwards I
arned that Ogilvy, Stent, and Henderson were with others in this
attempt at communication. This little group had in its advance dragged
inward, so to speak, the circumference of the now almost complete
circle of people, and a number of dim black figures followed it at
Suddenly there was a flash of light, and a quantity of luminous
greenish smoke came out of the pit in three distinct puffs, which drove
up, one after the other, straight into the still air.
This smoke (or flame, perhapsM
, would be the better word for it) was so
bright that the deep blue sky overhead and the hazy stretches of brown
common towards Chertsey, set with black pine trees, seemed to darken
abruptly as these puffs arose, and to remain the darker after their
dispersal. At the same time a faint hissing sound became audible.
Beyond the pit stood the little wedge of people with the white flag at
its apex, arrested by these phenomena, a little knot of small vertical
black shapes upon the black ground. As the green smokM
faces flashed out pallid green, and faded again as it vanished. Then
slowly the hissing passed into a humming, into a long, loud, droning
noise. Slowly a humped shape rose out of the pit, and the ghost of a
beam of light seemed to flicker out from it.
Forthwith flashes of actual flame, a bright glare leaping from one to
another, sprang from the scattered group of men. It was as if some
invisible jet impinged upon them and flashed into white flame. It was
as if each man were suddenly and momM
entarily turned to fire.
Then, by the light of their own destruction, I saw them staggering and
falling, and their supporters turning to run.
I stood staring, not as yet realising that this was death leaping from
man to man in that little distant crowd. All I felt was that it was
something very strange. An almost noiseless and blinding flash of
light, and a man fell headlong and lay still; and as the unseen shaft
of heat passed over them, pine trees burst into fire, and every dry
furze bush became with M
one dull thud a mass of flames. And far away
towards Knaphill I saw the flashes of trees and hedges and wooden
buildings suddenly set alight.
It was sweeping round swiftly and steadily, this flaming death, this
invisible, inevitable sword of heat. I perceived it coming towards me
by the flashing bushes it touched, and was too astounded and stupefied
to stir. I heard the crackle of fire in the sand-pits and the sudden
squeal of a horse that was as suddenly stilled. Then it was as if an
invisible yet intensM
ely heated finger were drawn through the heather
between me and the Martians, and all along a curving line beyond the
sand-pits the dark ground smoked and crackled. Something fell with a
crash far away to the left where the road from Woking station opens out
on the common. Forth-with the hissing and humming ceased, and the
black, dome-like object sank slowly out of sight into the pit.
All this had happened with such swiftness that I had stood motionless,
dumbfounded and dazzled by the flashes of light. HadM
through a full circle, it must inevitably have slain me in my surprise.
But it passed and spared me, and left the night about me suddenly dark
The undulating common seemed now dark almost to blackness, except where
its roadways lay grey and pale under the deep blue sky of the early
night. It was dark, and suddenly void of men. Overhead the stars were
mustering, and in the west the sky was still a pale, bright, almost
greenish blue. The tops of the pine trees and the roofsM
out sharp and black against the western afterglow. The Martians and
their appliances were altogether invisible, save for that thin mast
upon which their restless mirror wobbled. Patches of bush and isolated
trees here and there smoked and glowed still, and the houses towards
Woking station were sending up spires of flame into the stillness of
Nothing was changed save for that and a terrible astonishment. The
little group of black specks with the flag of white had been sweM
of existence, and the stillness of the evening, so it seemed to me, had
scarcely been broken.
It came to me that I was upon this dark common, helpless, unprotected,
and alone. Suddenly, like a thing falling upon me from without,
With an effort I turned and began a stumbling run through the heather.
The fear I felt was no rational fear, but a panic terror not only of
the Martians, but of the dusk and stillness all about me. Such an
extraordinary effect in unmanning me it had that IM
ran weeping silently
as a child might do. Once I had turned, I did not dare to look back.
I remember I felt an extraordinary persuasion that I was being played
with, that presently, when I was upon the very verge of safety, this
as swift as the passage of light
from the pit about the cylinder, and strike me down.
THE HEAT-RAY IN THE CHOBHAM ROAD.
It is still a matter of wonder how the Martians are able to slay men so
swiftly and so silently. Many M
think that in some way they are able to
generate an intense heat in a chamber of practically absolute
non-conductivity. This intense heat they project in a parallel beam
against any object they choose, by means of a polished parabolic mirror
of unknown composition, much as the parabolic mirror of a lighthouse
projects a beam of light. But no one has absolutely proved these
details. However it is done, it is certain that a beam of heat is the
essence of the matter. Heat, and invisible, instead of visible, ligM
Whatever is combustible flashes into flame at its touch, lead runs like
water, it softens iron, cracks and melts glass, and when it falls upon
water, incontinently that explodes into steam.
That night nearly forty people lay under the starlight about the pit,
charred and distorted beyond recognition, and all night long the common
from Horsell to Maybury was deserted and brightly ablaze.
The news of the massacre probably reached Chobham, Woking, and
Ottershaw about the same time. In Woking the shops M
tragedy happened, and a number of people, shop people and so forth,
attracted by the stories they had heard, were walking over the Horsell
Bridge and along the road between the hedges that runs out at last upon
the common. You may imagine the young people brushed up after the
labours of the day, and making this novelty, as they would make any
novelty, the excuse for walking together and enjoying a trivial
flirtation. You may figure to yourself the hum of voices along the road
As yet, of course, few people in Woking even knew that the cylinder had
opened, though poor Henderson had sent a messenger on a bicycle to the
post office with a special wire to an evening paper.
As these folks came out by twos and threes upon the open, they found
little knots of people talking excitedly and peering at the spinning
mirror over the sand-pits, and the newcomers were, no doubt, soon
infected by the excitement of the occasion.
By half past eight, when the Deputation was destroM
been a crowd of three hundred people or more at this place, besides
those who had left the road to approach the Martians nearer. There were
three policemen too, one of whom was mounted, doing their best, under
instructions from Stent, to keep the people back and deter them from
approaching the cylinder. There was some booing from those more
thoughtless and excitable souls to whom a crowd is always an occasion
for noise and horse-play.
Stent and Ogilvy, anticipating some possibilities oM
telegraphed from Horsell to the barracks as soon as the Martians
emerged, for the help of a company of soldiers to protect these strange
creatures from violence. After that they returned to lead that
ill-fated advance. The description of their death, as it was seen by
the crowd, tallies very closely with my own impressions: the three
puffs of green smoke, the deep humming note, and the flashes of flame.
But that crowd of people had a far narrower escape than mine. Only the
ummock of heathery sand intercepted the lower part of the
Heat-Ray saved them. Had the elevation of the parabolic mirror been a
few yards higher, none could have lived to tell the tale. They saw the
flashes and the men falling and an invisible hand, as it were, lit the
bushes as it hurried towards them through the twilight. Then, with a
whistling note that rose above the droning of the pit, the beam swung
close over their heads, lighting the tops of the beech trees that line
the road, and splitting the brickM
s, smashing the windows, firing the
window frames, and bringing down in crumbling ruin a portion of the
gable of the house nearest the corner.
In the sudden thud, hiss, and glare of the igniting trees, the
panic-stricken crowd seems to have swayed hesitatingly for some
moments. Sparks and burning twigs began to fall into the road, and
single leaves like puffs of flame. Hats and dresses caught fire. Then
came a crying from the common. There were shrieks and shouts, and
suddenly a mounted policeman came galM
loping through the confusion with
his hands clasped over his head, screaming.
a woman shrieked, and incontinently everyone was
turning and pushing at those behind, in order to clear their way to
Woking again. They must have bolted as blindly as a flock of sheep.
Where the road grows narrow and black between the high banks the crowd
jammed, and a desperate struggle occurred. All that crowd did not
escape; three persons at least, two women and a little boy, were
crushed and trampled M
there, and left to die amid the terror and the
For my own part, I remember nothing of my flight except the stress of
blundering against trees and stumbling through the heather. All about
me gathered the invisible terrors of the Martians; that pitiless sword
of heat seemed whirling to and fro, flourishing overhead before it
descended and smote me out of life. I came into the road between the
crossroads and Horsell, and ran along this to the crossroads.
st I could go no further; I was exhausted with the violence of my
emotion and of my flight, and I staggered and fell by the wayside. That
was near the bridge that crosses the canal by the gasworks. I fell and
I must have remained there some time.
I sat up, strangely perplexed. For a moment, perhaps, I could not
clearly understand how I came there. My terror had fallen from me like
a garment. My hat had gone, and my collar had burst away from its
fastener. A few minutes before, there had only M
been three real things
the immensity of the night and space and nature, my own
feebleness and anguish, and the near approach of death. Now it was as
if something turned over, and the point of view altered abruptly. There
was no sensible transition from one state of mind to the other. I was
immediately the self of every day again
a decent, ordinary citizen. The
silent common, the impulse of my flight, the starting flames, were as
if they had been in a dream. I asked myself had these latter thingM
indeed happened? I could not credit it.
I rose and walked unsteadily up the steep incline of the bridge. My
mind was blank wonder. My muscles and nerves seemed drained of their
strength. I dare say I staggered drunkenly. A head rose over the arch,
and the figure of a workman carrying a basket appeared. Beside him ran
a little boy. He passed me, wishing me good night. I was minded to
speak to him, but did not. I answered his greeting with a meaningless
mumble and went on over the bridge.
ury arch a train, a billowing tumult of white, firelit
smoke, and a long caterpillar of lighted windows, went flying
clatter, clatter, clap, rap, and it had gone. A dim group of
people talked in the gate of one of the houses in the pretty little row
of gables that was called Oriental Terrace. It was all so real and so
familiar. And that behind me! It was frantic, fantastic! Such things, I
told myself, could not be.
Perhaps I am a man of exceptional moods. I do not know how far my
mon. At times I suffer from the strangest sense of
detachment from myself and the world about me; I seem to watch it all
from the outside, from somewhere inconceivably remote, out of time, out
of space, out of the stress and tragedy of it all. This feeling was
very strong upon me that night. Here was another side to my dream.
But the trouble was the blank incongruity of this serenity and the
swift death flying yonder, not two miles away. There was a noise of
business from the gasworks, and the electric lamM
ps were all alight. I
stopped at the group of people.
What news from the common?
There were two men and a woman at the gate.
said one of the men, turning.
What news from the common?
t yer just _been_ there?
People seem fair silly about the common,
said the woman over the
t you heard of the men from Mars?
woman over the gate.
I felt foolish and angry. I tried and found I could not tell them what
I had seen. They laughed again at my broken sentences.
I said, and went on to my home.
I startled my wife at the doorway, so haggard was I. I went into the
dining room, sat down, drank some wine, and so soon as I could collect
myself sufficiently I told her the things I had seen. The dinner, which
was a cold one, had already been servedM
, and remained neglected on the
table while I told my story.
I said, to allay the fears I had aroused;
are the most sluggish things I ever saw crawl. They may keep the pit
and kill people who come near them, but they cannot get out of it. . .
. But the horror of them!
said my wife, knitting her brows and putting her hand on
To think he may be lying dead there!
My wife at least did not find my experienceM
incredible. When I saw how
deadly white her face was, I ceased abruptly.
she said again and again.
I pressed her to take wine, and tried to reassure her.
They can scarcely move,
I began to comfort her and myself by repeating all that Ogilvy had told
me of the impossibility of the Martians establishing themselves on the
earth. In particular I laid stress on the gravitational difficulty. On
the surface of the earth the force of gravity is three times what it isM
on the surface of Mars. A Martian, therefore, would weigh three times
more than on Mars, albeit his muscular strength would be the same. His
own body would be a cope of lead to him, therefore. That, indeed, was
the general opinion. Both _The Times_ and the _Daily Telegraph_, for
instance, insisted on it the next morning, and both overlooked, just as
I did, two obvious modifying influences.
The atmosphere of the earth, we now know, contains far more oxygen or
far less argon (whichever way one likes to putM
invigorating influences of this excess of oxygen upon the Martians
indisputably did much to counterbalance the increased weight of their
bodies. And, in the second place, we all overlooked the fact that such
mechanical intelligence as the Martian possessed was quite able to
dispense with muscular exertion at a pinch.
But I did not consider these points at the time, and so my reasoning
was dead against the chances of the invaders. With wine and food, the
confidence of my own tabM
le, and the necessity of reassuring my wife, I
grew by insensible degrees courageous and secure.
They have done a foolish thing,
said I, fingering my wineglass.
are dangerous because, no doubt, they are mad with terror. Perhaps they
expected to find no living things
certainly no intelligent living
if the worst comes to the worst, will
The intense excitement of the events had no doubt left my perceptive
of erethism. I remember that dinner table with
extraordinary vividness even now. My dear wife
s sweet anxious face
peering at me from under the pink lamp shade, the white cloth with its
silver and glass table furniture
for in those days even philosophical
writers had many little luxuries
the crimson-purple wine in my glass,
are photographically distinct. At the end of it I sat, tempering nuts
with a cigarette, regretting Ogilvy
s rashness, and denouncing the
short-sighted timidity of the Martians.
So some respectable dodo in the Mauritius might have lorded it in his
nest, and discussed the arrival of that shipful of pitiless sailors in
want of animal food.
We will peck them to death tomorrow, my dear.
I did not know it, but that was the last civilised dinner I was to eat
for very many strange and terrible days.
The most extraordinary thing to my mind, of all the strange and
wonderful things that happened upon that Friday, was the dovetailing of
ce habits of our social order with the first beginnings of
the series of events that was to topple that social order headlong. If
on Friday night you had taken a pair of compasses and drawn a circle
with a radius of five miles round the Woking sand-pits, I doubt if you
would have had one human being outside it, unless it were some relation
of Stent or of the three or four cyclists or London people lying dead
on the common, whose emotions or habits were at all affected by the
new-comers. Many people had heardM
of the cylinder, of course, and
talked about it in their leisure, but it certainly did not make the
sensation that an ultimatum to Germany would have done.
In London that night poor Henderson
s telegram describing the gradual
unscrewing of the shot was judged to be a canard, and his evening
paper, after wiring for authentication from him and receiving no
decided not to print a special edition.
Even within the five-mile circle the great majority of people were
e already described the behaviour of the men and women to
whom I spoke. All over the district people were dining and supping;
working men were gardening after the labours of the day, children were
being put to bed, young people were wandering through the lanes
love-making, students sat over their books.
Maybe there was a murmur in the village streets, a novel and dominant
topic in the public-houses, and here and there a messenger, or even an
eye-witness of the later occurrences, caused a whirl of excitemenM
shouting, and a running to and fro; but for the most part the daily
routine of working, eating, drinking, sleeping, went on as it had done
as though no planet Mars existed in the sky. Even
at Woking station and Horsell and Chobham that was the case.
In Woking junction, until a late hour, trains were stopping and going
on, others were shunting on the sidings, passengers were alighting and
waiting, and everything was proceeding in the most ordinary way. A boy
from the town, trenchM
s monopoly, was selling papers with
s news. The ringing impact of trucks, the sharp whistle
of the engines from the junction, mingled with their shouts of
Excited men came into the station about nine o
incredible tidings, and caused no more disturbance than drunkards might
have done. People rattling Londonwards peered into the darkness outside
the carriage windows, and saw only a rare, flickering, vanishing spark
dance up from the direction of M
Horsell, a red glow and a thin veil of
smoke driving across the stars, and thought that nothing more serious
than a heath fire was happening. It was only round the edge of the
common that any disturbance was perceptible. There were half a dozen
villas burning on the Woking border. There were lights in all the
houses on the common side of the three villages, and the people there
kept awake till dawn.
A curious crowd lingered restlessly, people coming and going but the
crowd remaining, both on the Chobham aM
nd Horsell bridges. One or two
adventurous souls, it was afterwards found, went into the darkness and
crawled quite near the Martians; but they never returned, for now and
again a light-ray, like the beam of a warship
s searchlight swept the
common, and the Heat-Ray was ready to follow. Save for such, that big
area of common was silent and desolate, and the charred bodies lay
about on it all night under the stars, and all the next day. A noise of
hammering from the pit was heard by many people.
ave the state of things on Friday night. In the centre,
sticking into the skin of our old planet Earth like a poisoned dart,
was this cylinder. But the poison was scarcely working yet. Around it
was a patch of silent common, smouldering in places, and with a few
dark, dimly seen objects lying in contorted attitudes here and there.
Here and there was a burning bush or tree. Beyond was a fringe of
excitement, and farther than that fringe the inflammation had not crept
as yet. In the rest of the world the streaM
m of life still flowed as it
had flowed for immemorial years. The fever of war that would presently
clog vein and artery, deaden nerve and destroy brain, had still to
All night long the Martians were hammering and stirring, sleepless,
indefatigable, at work upon the machines they were making ready, and
ever and again a puff of greenish-white smoke whirled up to the starlit
About eleven a company of soldiers came through Horsell, and deployed
along the edge of the common to form a cordon. M
Later a second company
marched through Chobham to deploy on the north side of the common.
Several officers from the Inkerman barracks had been on the common
earlier in the day, and one, Major Eden, was reported to be missing.
The colonel of the regiment came to the Chobham bridge and was busy
questioning the crowd at midnight. The military authorities were
certainly alive to the seriousness of the business. About eleven, the
s papers were able to say, a squadron of hussars, two
out four hundred men of the Cardigan regiment started
A few seconds after midnight the crowd in the Chertsey road, Woking,
saw a star fall from heaven into the pine woods to the northwest. It
had a greenish colour, and caused a silent brightness like summer
lightning. This was the second cylinder.
THE FIGHTING BEGINS.
Saturday lives in my memory as a day of suspense. It was a day of
lassitude too, hot and close, with, I am told, a rapidly fluctuating
barometer. I had slepM
t but little, though my wife had succeeded in
sleeping, and I rose early. I went into my garden before breakfast and
stood listening, but towards the common there was nothing stirring but
The milkman came as usual. I heard the rattle of his chariot and I went
round to the side gate to ask the latest news. He told me that during
the night the Martians had been surrounded by troops, and that guns
a familiar, reassuring note
I heard a train running
if that can possibly be
I saw my neighbour gardening, chatted with him for a time, and then
strolled in to breakfast. It was a most unexceptional morning. My
neighbour was of opinion that the troops would be able to capture or to
destroy the Martians during the day.
s a pity they make themselves so unapproachable,
would be curious to know how they live on another planet; we might
learn a thing or two.
the fence and extended a handful of strawberries, for his
gardening was as generous as it was enthusiastic. At the same time he
told me of the burning of the pine woods about the Byfleet Golf Links.
s another of those blessed things
s enough, surely. This lot
insurance people a pretty penny before everything
laughed with an air of the greatest good humour as he said this. The
woods, he said, wereM
still burning, and pointed out a haze of smoke to
They will be hot under foot for days, on account of the thick soil
of pine needles and turf,
he said, and then grew serious over
After breakfast, instead of working, I decided to walk down towards the
common. Under the railway bridge I found a group of soldiers
think, men in small round caps, dirty red jackets unbuttoned, and
showing their blue shirts, dark trousers, and boots coming to the calf.
ne was allowed over the canal, and, looking along the
road towards the bridge, I saw one of the Cardigan men standing
sentinel there. I talked with these soldiers for a time; I told them of
my sight of the Martians on the previous evening. None of them had seen
the Martians, and they had but the vaguest ideas of them, so that they
plied me with questions. They said that they did not know who had
authorised the movements of the troops; their idea was that a dispute
had arisen at the Horse Guards. The ordinaryM
sapper is a great deal
better educated than the common soldier, and they discussed the
peculiar conditions of the possible fight with some acuteness. I
described the Heat-Ray to them, and they began to argue among
Crawl up under cover and rush
s cover against this
to cook yer! What we got to do is to go as near as the ground
us, and then drive a trench.
Blow yer trenches! You always M
want trenches; you ought to ha
born a rabbit Snippy.
t they got any necks, then?
said a third, abruptly
contemplative, dark man, smoking a pipe.
I repeated my description.
em. Talk about fishers of
fighters of fish it is this time!
t no murder killing beasts like that,
said the first speaker.
Why not shell the darned things strite off and finish
You carn tell what they might do.
said the first speaker.
s my tip, and do it at once.
So they discussed it. After a while I left them, and went on to the
railway station to get as many morning papers as I could.
But I will not weary the reader with a description of that long morning
and of the longer afternoon. I did not succeed in getting a glimpse of
the common, for even Horsell and Chobham church towers were in tM
hands of the military authorities. The soldiers I addressed didn
anything; the officers were mysterious as well as busy. I found people
in the town quite secure again in the presence of the military, and I
heard for the first time from Marshall, the tobacconist, that his son
was among the dead on the common. The soldiers had made the people on
the outskirts of Horsell lock up and leave their houses.
I got back to lunch about two, very tired for, as I have said, the day
was extremely hot and duM
ll; and in order to refresh myself I took a
cold bath in the afternoon. About half past four I went up to the
railway station to get an evening paper, for the morning papers had
contained only a very inaccurate description of the killing of Stent,
Henderson, Ogilvy, and the others. But there was little I didn
The Martians did not show an inch of themselves. They seemed busy in
their pit, and there was a sound of hammering and an almost continuous
streamer of smoke. Apparently they were busy gettingM
Fresh attempts have been made to signal, but without
was the stereotyped formula of the papers. A sapper told me
it was done by a man in a ditch with a flag on a long pole. The
Martians took as much notice of such advances as we should of the
I must confess the sight of all this armament, all this preparation,
greatly excited me. My imagination became belligerent, and defeated the
invaders in a dozen striking ways; something of my schoolboy dreams of
battle and heroism came back. It hardly seemed a fair fight to me at
that time. They seemed very helpless in that pit of theirs.
clock there began the thud of a gun at measured intervals
from Chertsey or Addlestone. I learned that the smouldering pine wood
into which the second cylinder had fallen was being shelled, in the
hope of destroying that object before it opened. It was only about
five, however, that a field gun reached Chobham for use against the
first body of Martians.
ix in the evening, as I sat at tea with my wife in the
summerhouse talking vigorously about the battle that was lowering upon
us, I heard a muffled detonation from the common, and immediately after
a gust of firing. Close on the heels of that came a violent rattling
crash, quite close to us, that shook the ground; and, starting out upon
the lawn, I saw the tops of the trees about the Oriental College burst
into smoky red flame, and the tower of the little church beside it
slide down into ruin. The pinnacle oM
f the mosque had vanished, and the
roof line of the college itself looked as if a hundred-ton gun had been
at work upon it. One of our chimneys cracked as if a shot had hit it,
flew, and a piece of it came clattering down the tiles and made a heap
of broken red fragments upon the flower bed by my study window.
I and my wife stood amazed. Then I realised that the crest of Maybury
Hill must be within range of the Martians
Heat-Ray now that the
college was cleared out of the way.
At that I gripped my wiM
s arm, and without ceremony ran her out into
the road. Then I fetched out the servant, telling her I would go
upstairs myself for the box she was clamouring for.
t possibly stay here,
I said; and as I spoke the firing
reopened for a moment upon the common.
But where are we to go?
said my wife in terror.
I thought perplexed. Then I remembered her cousins at Leatherhead.
I shouted above the sudden noise.
She looked away from me downhill. The people were cM
How are we to get to Leatherhead?
Down the hill I saw a bevy of hussars ride under the railway bridge;
three galloped through the open gates of the Oriental College; two
others dismounted, and began running from house to house. The sun,
shining through the smoke that drove up from the tops of the trees,
seemed blood red, and threw an unfamiliar lurid light upon everything.
; and I started off at onceM
the Spotted Dog, for I knew the landlord had a horse and dog cart. I
ran, for I perceived that in a moment everyone upon this side of the
hill would be moving. I found him in his bar, quite unaware of what was
going on behind his house. A man stood with his back to me, talking to
I must have a pound,
said the landlord,
said I, over the stranger
ll bring it back by midnight,
said the landlord;
m selling my bit of a
pig. Two pounds, and you bring it back? What
I explained hastily that I had to leave my home, and so secured the dog
cart. At the time it did not seem to me nearly so urgent that the
landlord should leave his. I took care to have the cart there and then,
drove it off down the road, and, leaving it in charge of my wife and
servant, rushed into my house and packed a few valuables, such plate as
ad, and so forth. The beech trees below the house were burning
while I did this, and the palings up the road glowed red. While I was
occupied in this way, one of the dismounted hussars came running up. He
was going from house to house, warning people to leave. He was going on
as I came out of my front door, lugging my treasures, done up in a
tablecloth. I shouted after him:
He turned, stared, bawled something about
crawling out in a thing like
and ran on to the gate M
of the house at the crest. A
sudden whirl of black smoke driving across the road hid him for a
moment. I ran to my neighbour
s door and rapped to satisfy myself of
what I already knew, that his wife had gone to London with him and had
locked up their house. I went in again, according to my promise, to get
s box, lugged it out, clapped it beside her on the tail of
the dog cart, and then caught the reins and jumped up into the driver
seat beside my wife. In another moment we were clear of thM
noise, and spanking down the opposite slope of Maybury Hill towards Old
In front was a quiet sunny landscape, a wheat field ahead on either
side of the road, and the Maybury Inn with its swinging sign. I saw the
s cart ahead of me. At the bottom of the hill I turned my head
to look at the hillside I was leaving. Thick streamers of black smoke
shot with threads of red fire were driving up into the still air, and
throwing dark shadows upon the green treetops eastward. The smoke
already extended far away to the east and west
woods eastward, and to Woking on the west. The road was dotted with
people running towards us. And very faint now, but very distinct
through the hot, quiet air, one heard the whirr of a machine-gun that
was presently stilled, and an intermittent cracking of rifles.
Apparently the Martians were setting fire to everything within range of
I am not an expert driver, and I had immediately to turn my attention
en I looked back again the second hill had hidden the
black smoke. I slashed the horse with the whip, and gave him a loose
rein until Woking and Send lay between us and that quivering tumult. I
overtook and passed the doctor between Woking and Send.
Leatherhead is about twelve miles from Maybury Hill. The scent of hay
was in the air through the lush meadows beyond Pyrford, and the hedges
on either side were sweet and gay with multitudes of dog-roses. The
heavy firing that had bM
roken out while we were driving down Maybury
Hill ceased as abruptly as it began, leaving the evening very peaceful
and still. We got to Leatherhead without misadventure about nine
clock, and the horse had an hour
s rest while I took supper with my
cousins and commended my wife to their care.
My wife was curiously silent throughout the drive, and seemed oppressed
with forebodings of evil. I talked to her reassuringly, pointing out
that the Martians were tied to the pit by sheer heaviness, and at the
utmost could but crawl a little out of it; but she answered only in
monosyllables. Had it not been for my promise to the innkeeper, she
would, I think, have urged me to stay in Leatherhead that night. Would
that I had! Her face, I remember, was very white as we parted.
For my own part, I had been feverishly excited all day. Something very
like the war fever that occasionally runs through a civilised community
had got into my blood, and in my heart I was not so very sorry that I
had to return to Maybury thM
at night. I was even afraid that that last
fusillade I had heard might mean the extermination of our invaders from
Mars. I can best express my state of mind by saying that I wanted to be
It was nearly eleven when I started to return. The night was
unexpectedly dark; to me, walking out of the lighted passage of my
house, it seemed indeed black, and it was as hot and close as
the day. Overhead the clouds were driving fast, albeit not a breath
stirred the shrubs about us. My cousiM
man lit both lamps. Happily, I
knew the road intimately. My wife stood in the light of the doorway,
and watched me until I jumped up into the dog cart. Then abruptly she
turned and went in, leaving my cousins side by side wishing me good
I was a little depressed at first with the contagion of my wife
fears, but very soon my thoughts reverted to the Martians. At that time
I was absolutely in the dark as to the course of the evening
fighting. I did not know even the circumstances that hadM
the conflict. As I came through Ockham (for that was the way I
returned, and not through Send and Old Woking) I saw along the western
horizon a blood-red glow, which as I drew nearer, crept slowly up the
sky. The driving clouds of the gathering thunderstorm mingled there
with masses of black and red smoke.
Ripley Street was deserted, and except for a lighted window or so the
village showed not a sign of life; but I narrowly escaped an accident
at the corner of the road to Pyrford, where a knM
ot of people stood with
their backs to me. They said nothing to me as I passed. I do not know
what they knew of the things happening beyond the hill, nor do I know
if the silent houses I passed on my way were sleeping securely, or
deserted and empty, or harassed and watching against the terror of the
From Ripley until I came through Pyrford I was in the valley of the
Wey, and the red glare was hidden from me. As I ascended the little
hill beyond Pyrford Church the glare came into view again, and thM
trees about me shivered with the first intimation of the storm that was
upon me. Then I heard midnight pealing out from Pyrford Church behind
me, and then came the silhouette of Maybury Hill, with its tree-tops
and roofs black and sharp against the red.
Even as I beheld this a lurid green glare lit the road about me and
showed the distant woods towards Addlestone. I felt a tug at the reins.
I saw that the driving clouds had been pierced as it were by a thread
of green fire, suddenly lighting their confuM
sion and falling into the
field to my left. It was the third falling star!
Close on its apparition, and blindingly violet by contrast, danced out
the first lightning of the gathering storm, and the thunder burst like
a rocket overhead. The horse took the bit between his teeth and bolted.
A moderate incline runs towards the foot of Maybury Hill, and down this
we clattered. Once the lightning had begun, it went on in as rapid a
succession of flashes as I have ever seen. The thunderclaps, treading
he heels of another and with a strange crackling accompaniment,
sounded more like the working of a gigantic electric machine than the
usual detonating reverberations. The flickering light was blinding and
confusing, and a thin hail smote gustily at my face as I drove down the
At first I regarded little but the road before me, and then abruptly my
attention was arrested by something that was moving rapidly down the
opposite slope of Maybury Hill. At first I took it for the wet roof of
ne flash following another showed it to be in swift
rolling movement. It was an elusive vision
a moment of bewildering
darkness, and then, in a flash like daylight, the red masses of the
Orphanage near the crest of the hill, the green tops of the pine trees,
and this problematical object came out clear and sharp and bright.
And this Thing I saw! How can I describe it? A monstrous tripod, higher
than many houses, striding over the young pine trees, and smashing them
aside in its career; a walking engine oM
f glittering metal, striding now
across the heather; articulate ropes of steel dangling from it, and the
clattering tumult of its passage mingling with the riot of the thunder.
A flash, and it came out vividly, heeling over one way with two feet in
the air, to vanish and reappear almost instantly as it seemed, with the
next flash, a hundred yards nearer. Can you imagine a milking stool
tilted and bowled violently along the ground? That was the impression
those instant flashes gave. But instead of a milking sM
great body of machinery on a tripod stand.
Then suddenly the trees in the pine wood ahead of me were parted, as
brittle reeds are parted by a man thrusting through them; they were
snapped off and driven headlong, and a second huge tripod appeared,
rushing, as it seemed, headlong towards me. And I was galloping hard to
meet it! At the sight of the second monster my nerve went altogether.
Not stopping to look again, I wrenched the horse
s head hard round to
the right and in another momenM
t the dog cart had heeled over upon the
horse; the shafts smashed noisily, and I was flung sideways and fell
heavily into a shallow pool of water.
I crawled out almost immediately, and crouched, my feet still in the
water, under a clump of furze. The horse lay motionless (his neck was
broken, poor brute!) and by the lightning flashes I saw the black bulk
of the overturned dog cart and the silhouette of the wheel still
spinning slowly. In another moment the colossal mechanism went striding
d uphill towards Pyrford.
Seen nearer, the Thing was incredibly strange, for it was no mere
insensate machine driving on its way. Machine it was, with a ringing
metallic pace, and long, flexible, glittering tentacles (one of which
gripped a young pine tree) swinging and rattling about its strange
body. It picked its road as it went striding along, and the brazen hood
that surmounted it moved to and fro with the inevitable suggestion of a
head looking about. Behind the main body was a huge mass of white metM
like a gigantic fisherman
s basket, and puffs of green smoke squirted
out from the joints of the limbs as the monster swept by me. And in an
instant it was gone.
So much I saw then, all vaguely for the flickering of the lightning, in
blinding highlights and dense black shadows.
As it passed it set up an exultant deafening howl that drowned the
and in another minute it was with its companion,
half a mile away, stooping over something in the field. I have no doubt
Thing in the field was the third of the ten cylinders they had
fired at us from Mars.
For some minutes I lay there in the rain and darkness watching, by the
intermittent light, these monstrous beings of metal moving about in the
distance over the hedge tops. A thin hail was now beginning, and as it
came and went their figures grew misty and then flashed into clearness
again. Now and then came a gap in the lightning, and the night
I was soaked with hail above and puddle water below. ItM
before my blank astonishment would let me struggle up the bank to a
drier position, or think at all of my imminent peril.
Not far from me was a little one-roomed squatter
surrounded by a patch of potato garden. I struggled to my feet at last,
and, crouching and making use of every chance of cover, I made a run
for this. I hammered at the door, but I could not make the people hear
(if there were any people inside), and after a time I desisted, and,
availing myself of a ditchM
for the greater part of the way, succeeded
in crawling, unobserved by these monstrous machines, into the pine
woods towards Maybury.
Under cover of this I pushed on, wet and shivering now, towards my own
house. I walked among the trees trying to find the footpath. It was
very dark indeed in the wood, for the lightning was now becoming
infrequent, and the hail, which was pouring down in a torrent, fell in
columns through the gaps in the heavy foliage.
If I had fully realised the meaning of all the thingM
should have immediately worked my way round through Byfleet to Street
Cobham, and so gone back to rejoin my wife at Leatherhead. But that
night the strangeness of things about me, and my physical wretchedness,
prevented me, for I was bruised, weary, wet to the skin, deafened and
blinded by the storm.
I had a vague idea of going on to my own house, and that was as much
motive as I had. I staggered through the trees, fell into a ditch and
bruised my knees against a plank, and finally splashedM
lane that ran down from the College Arms. I say splashed, for the storm
water was sweeping the sand down the hill in a muddy torrent. There in
the darkness a man blundered into me and sent me reeling back.
He gave a cry of terror, sprang sideways, and rushed on before I could
gather my wits sufficiently to speak to him. So heavy was the stress of
the storm just at this place that I had the hardest task to win my way
up the hill. I went close up to the fence on the left and worked my way
Near the top I stumbled upon something soft, and, by a flash of
lightning, saw between my feet a heap of black broadcloth and a pair of
boots. Before I could distinguish clearly how the man lay, the flicker
of light had passed. I stood over him waiting for the next flash. When
it came, I saw that he was a sturdy man, cheaply but not shabbily
dressed; his head was bent under his body, and he lay crumpled up close
to the fence, as though he had been flung violently against it.
e repugnance natural to one who had never before touched a
dead body, I stooped and turned him over to feel for his heart. He was
quite dead. Apparently his neck had been broken. The lightning flashed
for a third time, and his face leaped upon me. I sprang to my feet. It
was the landlord of the Spotted Dog, whose conveyance I had taken.
I stepped over him gingerly and pushed on up the hill. I made my way by
the police station and the College Arms towards my own house. Nothing
was burning on the hillside, tM
hough from the common there still came a
red glare and a rolling tumult of ruddy smoke beating up against the
drenching hail. So far as I could see by the flashes, the houses about
me were mostly uninjured. By the College Arms a dark heap lay in the
Down the road towards Maybury Bridge there were voices and the sound of
feet, but I had not the courage to shout or to go to them. I let myself
in with my latchkey, closed, locked and bolted the door, staggered to
the foot of the staircase, and sat down.M
My imagination was full of
those striding metallic monsters, and of the dead body smashed against
I crouched at the foot of the staircase with my back to the wall,
shivering violently.
I have already said that my storms of emotion have a trick of
exhausting themselves. After a time I discovered that I was cold and
wet, and with little pools of water about me on the stair carpet. I got
up almost mechanically, went into the dining room and drank some
then I was moved to change my clothes.
After I had done that I went upstairs to my study, but why I did so I
do not know. The window of my study looks over the trees and the
railway towards Horsell Common. In the hurry of our departure this
window had been left open. The passage was dark, and, by contrast with
the picture the window frame enclosed, the side of the room seemed
impenetrably dark. I stopped short in the doorway.
The thunderstorm had passed. The towers of the Oriental College and the
trees about it had gone, and very far away, lit by a vivid red
glare, the common about the sand-pits was visible. Across the light
huge black shapes, grotesque and strange, moved busily to and fro.
It seemed indeed as if the whole country in that direction was on
a broad hillside set with minute tongues of flame, swaying and
writhing with the gusts of the dying storm, and throwing a red
reflection upon the cloud scud above. Every now and then a haze of
smoke from some nearer conflagration drove acroM
ss the window and hid
the Martian shapes. I could not see what they were doing, nor the clear
form of them, nor recognise the black objects they were busied upon.
Neither could I see the nearer fire, though the reflections of it
danced on the wall and ceiling of the study. A sharp, resinous tang of
burning was in the air.
I closed the door noiselessly and crept towards the window. As I did
so, the view opened out until, on the one hand, it reached to the
houses about Woking station, and on the other to thM
blackened pine woods of Byfleet. There was a light down below the hill,
on the railway, near the arch, and several of the houses along the
Maybury road and the streets near the station were glowing ruins. The
light upon the railway puzzled me at first; there were a black heap and
a vivid glare, and to the right of that a row of yellow oblongs. Then I
perceived this was a wrecked train, the fore part smashed and on fire,
the hinder carriages still upon the rails.
Between these three main centM
the houses, the train, and
the burning county towards Chobham
stretched irregular patches of dark
country, broken here and there by intervals of dimly glowing and
smoking ground. It was the strangest spectacle, that black expanse set
with fire. It reminded me, more than anything else, of the Potteries at
night. At first I could distinguish no people at all, though I peered
intently for them. Later I saw against the light of Woking station a
number of black figures hurrying one after the otheM
And this was the little world in which I had been living securely for
years, this fiery chaos! What had happened in the last seven hours I
still did not know; nor did I know, though I was beginning to guess,
the relation between these mechanical colossi and the sluggish lumps I
had seen disgorged from the cylinder. With a queer feeling of
impersonal interest I turned my desk chair to the window, sat down, and
stared at the blackened country, and particularly at the three gigantic
things that were going to and fro in the glare about the
They seemed amazingly busy. I began to ask myself what they could be.
Were they intelligent mechanisms? Such a thing I felt was impossible.
Or did a Martian sit within each, ruling, directing, using, much as a
s brain sits and rules in his body? I began to compare the things
to human machines, to ask myself for the first time in my life how an
ironclad or a steam engine would seem to an intelligent lower animal.
the sky clear, and over the smoke of the burning
land the little fading pinpoint of Mars was dropping into the west,
when a soldier came into my garden. I heard a slight scraping at the
fence, and rousing myself from the lethargy that had fallen upon me, I
looked down and saw him dimly, clambering over the palings. At the
sight of another human being my torpor passed, and I leaned out of the
said I, in a whisper.
He stopped astride of the fence in doubt. Then he came over anM
the lawn to the corner of the house. He bent down and stepped softly.
he said, also whispering, standing under the window and
Where are you going?
Are you trying to hide?
Come into the house,
I went down, unfastened the door, and let him in, and locked the door
again. I could not see his face. He was hatless, and his coat was
he said, as I drew him inM
In the obscurity I could see he made a gesture of
simply wiped us out,
he repeated again and
He followed me, almost mechanically, into the dining room.
I said, pouring out a stiff dose.
He drank it. Then abruptly he sat down before the table, put his head
on his arms, and began to sob and weep like a little boy, in a perfect
passion of emotion, while I, with a curious forgetfM
recent despair, stood beside him, wondering.
It was a long time before he could steady his nerves to answer my
questions, and then he answered perplexingly and brokenly. He was a
driver in the artillery, and had only come into action about seven. At
that time firing was going on across the common, and it was said the
first party of Martians were crawling slowly towards their second
cylinder under cover of a metal shield.
Later this shield staggered up on tripod legs and became the firstM
the fighting-machines I had seen. The gun he drove had been unlimbered
near Horsell, in order to command the sand-pits, and its arrival it was
that had precipitated the action. As the limber gunners went to the
rear, his horse trod in a rabbit hole and came down, throwing him into
a depression of the ground. At the same moment the gun exploded behind
him, the ammunition blew up, there was fire all about him, and he found
himself lying under a heap of charred dead men and dead horses.
scared out of my wits, with the fore quarter
of a horse atop of me. We
d been wiped out. And the smell
Like burnt meat! I was hurt across the back by the fall of the horse,
and there I had to lie until I felt better. Just like parade it had
been a minute before
then stumble, bang, swish!
He had hid under the dead horse for a long time, peeping out furtively
across the common. The Cardigan men had tried a rush, in skirmishing
order, at the pit, sM
imply to be swept out of existence. Then the
monster had risen to its feet and had begun to walk leisurely to and
fro across the common among the few fugitives, with its headlike hood
turning about exactly like the head of a cowled human being. A kind of
arm carried a complicated metallic case, about which green flashes
scintillated, and out of the funnel of this there smoked the Heat-Ray.
In a few minutes there was, so far as the soldier could see, not a
living thing left upon the common, and every bush aM
nd tree upon it that
was not already a blackened skeleton was burning. The hussars had been
on the road beyond the curvature of the ground, and he saw nothing of
them. He heard the Maxims rattle for a time and then become still. The
giant saved Woking station and its cluster of houses until the last;
then in a moment the Heat-Ray was brought to bear, and the town became
a heap of fiery ruins. Then the Thing shut off the Heat-Ray, and
turning its back upon the artilleryman, began to waddle away towards
mouldering pine woods that sheltered the second cylinder. As it
did so a second glittering Titan built itself up out of the pit.
The second monster followed the first, and at that the artilleryman
began to crawl very cautiously across the hot heather ash towards
Horsell. He managed to get alive into the ditch by the side of the
road, and so escaped to Woking. There his story became ejaculatory. The
place was impassable. It seems there were a few people alive there,
frantic for the most part and many burnedM
and scalded. He was turned
aside by the fire, and hid among some almost scorching heaps of broken
wall as one of the Martian giants returned. He saw this one pursue a
man, catch him up in one of its steely tentacles, and knock his head
against the trunk of a pine tree. At last, after nightfall, the
artilleryman made a rush for it and got over the railway embankment.
Since then he had been skulking along towards Maybury, in the hope of
getting out of danger Londonward. People were hiding in trenches and
ellars, and many of the survivors had made off towards Woking village
and Send. He had been consumed with thirst until he found one of the
water mains near the railway arch smashed, and the water bubbling out
like a spring upon the road.
That was the story I got from him, bit by bit. He grew calmer telling
me and trying to make me see the things he had seen. He had eaten no
food since midday, he told me early in his narrative, and I found some
mutton and bread in the pantry and brought it into the room. WeM
lamp for fear of attracting the Martians, and ever and again our hands
would touch upon bread or meat. As he talked, things about us came
darkly out of the darkness, and the trampled bushes and broken rose
trees outside the window grew distinct. It would seem that a number of
men or animals had rushed across the lawn. I began to see his face,
blackened and haggard, as no doubt mine was also.
When we had finished eating we went softly upstairs to my study, and I
looked again out of the open window.M
In one night the valley had become
a valley of ashes. The fires had dwindled now. Where flames had been
there were now streamers of smoke; but the countless ruins of shattered
and gutted houses and blasted and blackened trees that the night had
hidden stood out now gaunt and terrible in the pitiless light of dawn.
Yet here and there some object had had the luck to escape
railway signal here, the end of a greenhouse there, white and fresh
amid the wreckage. Never before in the history of warfare haM
destruction been so indiscriminate and so universal. And shining with
the growing light of the east, three of the metallic giants stood about
the pit, their cowls rotating as though they were surveying the
desolation they had made.
It seemed to me that the pit had been enlarged, and ever and again
puffs of vivid green vapour streamed up and out of it towards the
streamed up, whirled, broke, and vanished.
Beyond were the pillars of fire about Chobham. They became pillars of
t smoke at the first touch of day.
WHAT I SAW OF THE DESTRUCTION OF WEYBRIDGE AND SHEPPERTON.
As the dawn grew brighter we withdrew from the window from which we had
watched the Martians, and went very quietly downstairs.
The artilleryman agreed with me that the house was no place to stay in.
He proposed, he said, to make his way Londonward, and thence rejoin his
No. 12, of the Horse Artillery. My plan was to return at once
to Leatherhead; and so greatly had the strength of the M
impressed me that I had determined to take my wife to Newhaven, and go
with her out of the country forthwith. For I already perceived clearly
that the country about London must inevitably be the scene of a
disastrous struggle before such creatures as these could be destroyed.
Between us and Leatherhead, however, lay the third cylinder, with its
guarding giants. Had I been alone, I think I should have taken my
chance and struck across country. But the artilleryman dissuaded me:
ss to the right sort of wife,
; and in the end I agreed to go with him, under cover of the
woods, northward as far as Street Cobham before I parted with him.
Thence I would make a big detour by Epsom to reach Leatherhead.
I should have started at once, but my companion had been in active
service and he knew better than that. He made me ransack the house for
a flask, which he filled with whisky; and we lined every available
pocket with packets of biscuits and slices of mM
eat. Then we crept out
of the house, and ran as quickly as we could down the ill-made road by
which I had come overnight. The houses seemed deserted. In the road lay
a group of three charred bodies close together, struck dead by the
Heat-Ray; and here and there were things that people had dropped
clock, a slipper, a silver spoon, and the like poor valuables. At the
corner turning up towards the post office a little cart, filled with
boxes and furniture, and horseless, heeled over on a broken wheel. A
sh box had been hastily smashed open and thrown under the debris.
Except the lodge at the Orphanage, which was still on fire, none of the
houses had suffered very greatly here. The Heat-Ray had shaved the
chimney tops and passed. Yet, save ourselves, there did not seem to be
a living soul on Maybury Hill. The majority of the inhabitants had
escaped, I suppose, by way of the Old Woking road
the road I had taken
when I drove to Leatherhead
We went down the lane, by the body of the mM
an in black, sodden now from
the overnight hail, and broke into the woods at the foot of the hill.
We pushed through these towards the railway without meeting a soul. The
woods across the line were but the scarred and blackened ruins of
woods; for the most part the trees had fallen, but a certain proportion
still stood, dismal grey stems, with dark brown foliage instead of
On our side the fire had done no more than scorch the nearer trees; it
had failed to secure its footing. In one place the woodmM
work on Saturday; trees, felled and freshly trimmed, lay in a clearing,
with heaps of sawdust by the sawing-machine and its engine. Hard by was
a temporary hut, deserted. There was not a breath of wind this morning,
and everything was strangely still. Even the birds were hushed, and as
we hurried along I and the artilleryman talked in whispers and looked
now and again over our shoulders. Once or twice we stopped to listen.
After a time we drew near the road, and as we did so we heard the
atter of hoofs and saw through the tree stems three cavalry soldiers
riding slowly towards Woking. We hailed them, and they halted while we
hurried towards them. It was a lieutenant and a couple of privates of
the 8th Hussars, with a stand like a theodolite, which the artilleryman
told me was a heliograph.
You are the first men I
ve seen coming this way this morning,
His voice and face were eager. The men behind him stared curiously. The
jumped down the bank into the road and saluted.
Gun destroyed last night, sir. Have been hiding. Trying to rejoin
ll come in sight of the Martians, I expect, about
half a mile along this road.
What the dickens are they like?
asked the lieutenant.
Giants in armour, sir. Hundred feet high. Three legs and a body like
luminium, with a mighty great head in a hood, sir.
said the lieutenant.
What confounded nonsense!
carry a kind of box, sir, that shoots fire and
and the artilleryman began a vivid account of the Heat-Ray.
Halfway through, the lieutenant interrupted him and looked up at me. I
was still standing on the bank by the side of the road.
said the lieutenant,
s my business to see it too.
re detailed here clearing people out
d better go along and report yourself to
Brigadier-General Marvin, and tell him all you know. He
I said; and he turned his horse southward again.
Half a mile, you say?
I answered, and pointed over the treetops southward. He
thanked me and rode on, and we saw them no more.
Farther along we came upon a group of three women and two children in
the road, busy clearing out a labourer
s cottage. They had gM
a little hand truck, and were piling it up with unclean-looking bundles
and shabby furniture. They were all too assiduously engaged to talk to
By Byfleet station we emerged from the pine trees, and found the
country calm and peaceful under the morning sunlight. We were far
beyond the range of the Heat-Ray there, and had it not been for the
silent desertion of some of the houses, the stirring movement of
packing in others, and the knot of soldiers standing on the bridge over
e railway and staring down the line towards Woking, the day would
have seemed very like any other Sunday.
Several farm waggons and carts were moving creakily along the road to
Addlestone, and suddenly through the gate of a field we saw, across a
stretch of flat meadow, six twelve-pounders standing neatly at equal
distances pointing towards Woking. The gunners stood by the guns
waiting, and the ammunition waggons were at a business-like distance.
The men stood almost as if under inspection.
They will get one fair shot, at any rate.
The artilleryman hesitated at the gate.
Farther on towards Weybridge, just over the bridge, there were a number
of men in white fatigue jackets throwing up a long rampart, and more
s bows and arrows against the lightning, anyhow,
t seen that fire-beam yet.
The officers who were not actively engaged stood and stared over the
hwestward, and the men digging would stop every now and
again to stare in the same direction.
Byfleet was in a tumult; people packing, and a score of hussars, some
of them dismounted, some on horseback, were hunting them about. Three
or four black government waggons, with crosses in white circles, and an
old omnibus, among other vehicles, were being loaded in the village
street. There were scores of people, most of them sufficiently
sabbatical to have assumed their best clothes. The soldiers were having
he greatest difficulty in making them realise the gravity of their
position. We saw one shrivelled old fellow with a huge box and a score
or more of flower pots containing orchids, angrily expostulating with
the corporal who would leave them behind. I stopped and gripped his
I said, pointing at the pine tops that
Death is coming! Death!
leaving him to digest
that if he could, I hurried on after the artillery-man. At the corner I
looked back. The soldier had left him, and he was still standing by his
box, with the pots of orchids on the lid of it, and staring vaguely
No one in Weybridge could tell us where the headquarters were
established; the whole place was in such confusion as I had never seen
in any town before. Carts, carriages everywhere, the most astonishing
miscellany of conveyances and horseflesh. The respectablM
of the place, men in golf and boating costumes, wives prettily dressed,
were packing, river-side loafers energetically helping, children
excited, and, for the most part, highly delighted at this astonishing
variation of their Sunday experiences. In the midst of it all the
worthy vicar was very pluckily holding an early celebration, and his
bell was jangling out above the excitement.
I and the artilleryman, seated on the step of the drinking fountain,
made a very passable meal upon what we haM
d brought with us. Patrols of
here no longer hussars, but grenadiers in white
people to move now or to take refuge in their cellars as soon as the
firing began. We saw as we crossed the railway bridge that a growing
crowd of people had assembled in and about the railway station, and the
swarming platform was piled with boxes and packages. The ordinary
traffic had been stopped, I believe, in order to allow of the passage
of troops and guns to Chertsey, and I have heard since that a sM
struggle occurred for places in the special trains that were put on at
We remained at Weybridge until midday, and at that hour we found
ourselves at the place near Shepperton Lock where the Wey and Thames
join. Part of the time we spent helping two old women to pack a little
cart. The Wey has a treble mouth, and at this point boats are to be
hired, and there was a ferry across the river. On the Shepperton side
was an inn with a lawn, and beyond that the tower of Shepperton
has been replaced by a spire
rose above the trees.
Here we found an excited and noisy crowd of fugitives. As yet the
flight had not grown to a panic, but there were already far more people
than all the boats going to and fro could enable to cross. People came
panting along under heavy burdens; one husband and wife were even
carrying a small outhouse door between them, with some of their
household goods piled thereon. One man told us he meant to try to get
away from Shepperton station.
of shouting, and one man was even jesting. The idea
people seemed to have here was that the Martians were simply formidable
human beings, who might attack and sack the town, to be certainly
destroyed in the end. Every now and then people would glance nervously
across the Wey, at the meadows towards Chertsey, but everything over
Across the Thames, except just where the boats landed, everything was
quiet, in vivid contrast with the Surrey side. The people who landed
there from the boats weM
nt tramping off down the lane. The big ferryboat
had just made a journey. Three or four soldiers stood on the lawn of
the inn, staring and jesting at the fugitives, without offering to
help. The inn was closed, as it was now within prohibited hours.
cried a boatman, and
near me to a yelping dog. Then the sound came again, this time from the
direction of Chertsey, a muffled thud
The fighting was beginning. Almost immediately unM
seen batteries across
the river to our right, unseen because of the trees, took up the
chorus, firing heavily one after the other. A woman screamed. Everyone
stood arrested by the sudden stir of battle, near us and yet invisible
to us. Nothing was to be seen save flat meadows, cows feeding
unconcernedly for the most part, and silvery pollard willows motionless
in the warm sunlight.
said a woman beside me, doubtfully. A
haziness rose over the treetops.
saw a rush of smoke far away up the river, a puff of
smoke that jerked up into the air and hung; and forthwith the ground
heaved under foot and a heavy explosion shook the air, smashing two or
three windows in the houses near, and leaving us astonished.
shouted a man in a blue jersey.
Quickly, one after the other, one, two, three, four of the armoured
Martians appeared, far away over the little trees, across the flat
meadows that stretched towM
ards Chertsey, and striding hurriedly towards
the river. Little cowled figures they seemed at first, going with a
rolling motion and as fast as flying birds.
Then, advancing obliquely towards us, came a fifth. Their armoured
bodies glittered in the sun as they swept swiftly forward upon the
guns, growing rapidly larger as they drew nearer. One on the extreme
left, the remotest that is, flourished a huge case high in the air, and
the ghostly, terrible Heat-Ray I had already seen on Friday night smote
ds Chertsey, and struck the town.
At sight of these strange, swift, and terrible creatures the crowd near
s edge seemed to me to be for a moment horror-struck. There
was no screaming or shouting, but a silence. Then a hoarse murmur and a
a splashing from the water. A man, too frightened to
drop the portmanteau he carried on his shoulder, swung round and sent
me staggering with a blow from the corner of his burden. A woman thrust
at me with her hand and rushed past me. I turneM
d with the rush of the
people, but I was not too terrified for thought. The terrible Heat-Ray
was in my mind. To get under water! That was it!
I shouted, unheeded.
I faced about again, and rushed towards the approaching Martian, rushed
right down the gravelly beach and headlong into the water. Others did
the same. A boatload of people putting back came leaping out as I
rushed past. The stones under my feet were muddy and slippery, and the
river was so low that I ran perhaps twentyM
feet scarcely waist-deep.
Then, as the Martian towered overhead scarcely a couple of hundred
yards away, I flung myself forward under the surface. The splashes of
the people in the boats leaping into the river sounded like
thunderclaps in my ears. People were landing hastily on both sides of
the river. But the Martian machine took no more notice for the moment
of the people running this way and that than a man would of the
confusion of ants in a nest against which his foot has kicked. When,
, I raised my head above water, the Martian
pointed at the batteries that were still firing across the river, and
as it advanced it swung loose what must have been the generator of the
In another moment it was on the bank, and in a stride wading halfway
across. The knees of its foremost legs bent at the farther bank, and in
another moment it had raised itself to its full height again, close to
the village of Shepperton. Forthwith the six guns which, unknown to
anyone on the right bank, M
had been hidden behind the outskirts of that
village, fired simultaneously. The sudden near concussion, the last
close upon the first, made my heart jump. The monster was already
raising the case generating the Heat-Ray as the first shell burst six
yards above the hood.
I gave a cry of astonishment. I saw and thought nothing of the other
four Martian monsters; my attention was riveted upon the nearer
incident. Simultaneously two other shells burst in the air near the
body as the hood twisted round in timeM
to receive, but not in time to
dodge, the fourth shell.
The shell burst clean in the face of the Thing. The hood bulged,
flashed, was whirled off in a dozen tattered fragments of red flesh and
shouted I, with something between a scream and a cheer.
I heard answering shouts from the people in the water about me. I could
have leaped out of the water with that momentary exultation.
The decapitated colossus reeled like a drunken giant; but it did not
fall over. It recovereM
d its balance by a miracle, and, no longer
heeding its steps and with the camera that fired the Heat-Ray now
rigidly upheld, it reeled swiftly upon Shepperton. The living
intelligence, the Martian within the hood, was slain and splashed to
the four winds of heaven, and the Thing was now but a mere intricate
device of metal whirling to destruction. It drove along in a straight
line, incapable of guidance. It struck the tower of Shepperton Church,
smashing it down as the impact of a battering ram might have doM
swerved aside, blundered on and collapsed with tremendous force into
the river out of my sight.
A violent explosion shook the air, and a spout of water, steam, mud,
and shattered metal shot far up into the sky. As the camera of the
Heat-Ray hit the water, the latter had immediately flashed into steam.
In another moment a huge wave, like a muddy tidal bore but almost
scaldingly hot, came sweeping round the bend upstream. I saw people
struggling shorewards, and heard their screaming and shouting faintlyM
above the seething and roar of the Martian
For a moment I heeded nothing of the heat, forgot the patent need of
self-preservation. I splashed through the tumultuous water, pushing
aside a man in black to do so, until I could see round the bend. Half a
dozen deserted boats pitched aimlessly upon the confusion of the waves.
The fallen Martian came into sight downstream, lying across the river,
and for the most part submerged.
Thick clouds of steam were pouring off the wreckage, and through M
tumultuously whirling wisps I could see, intermittently and vaguely,
the gigantic limbs churning the water and flinging a splash and spray
of mud and froth into the air. The tentacles swayed and struck like
living arms, and, save for the helpless purposelessness of these
movements, it was as if some wounded thing were struggling for its life
amid the waves. Enormous quantities of a ruddy-brown fluid were
spurting up in noisy jets out of the machine.
My attention was diverted from this death flurry by M
like that of the thing called a siren in our manufacturing towns. A
man, knee-deep near the towing path, shouted inaudibly to me and
pointed. Looking back, I saw the other Martians advancing with gigantic
strides down the riverbank from the direction of Chertsey. The
Shepperton guns spoke this time unavailingly.
At that I ducked at once under water, and, holding my breath until
movement was an agony, blundered painfully ahead under the surface as
long as I could. The water was in a tumuM
lt about me, and rapidly
When for a moment I raised my head to take breath and throw the hair
and water from my eyes, the steam was rising in a whirling white fog
that at first hid the Martians altogether. The noise was deafening.
Then I saw them dimly, colossal figures of grey, magnified by the mist.
They had passed by me, and two were stooping over the frothing,
tumultuous ruins of their comrade.
The third and fourth stood beside him in the water, one perhaps two
hundred yards from meM
, the other towards Laleham. The generators of the
Heat-Rays waved high, and the hissing beams smote down this way and
The air was full of sound, a deafening and confusing conflict of
the clangorous din of the Martians, the crash of falling houses,
the thud of trees, fences, sheds flashing into flame, and the crackling
and roaring of fire. Dense black smoke was leaping up to mingle with
the steam from the river, and as the Heat-Ray went to and fro over
Weybridge its impact was marked by flaM
shes of incandescent white, that
gave place at once to a smoky dance of lurid flames. The nearer houses
still stood intact, awaiting their fate, shadowy, faint and pallid in
the steam, with the fire behind them going to and fro.
For a moment perhaps I stood there, breast-high in the almost boiling
water, dumbfounded at my position, hopeless of escape. Through the reek
I could see the people who had been with me in the river scrambling out
of the water through the reeds, like little frogs hurrying through
grass from the advance of a man, or running to and fro in utter dismay
Then suddenly the white flashes of the Heat-Ray came leaping towards
me. The houses caved in as they dissolved at its touch, and darted out
flames; the trees changed to fire with a roar. The Ray flickered up and
down the towing path, licking off the people who ran this way and that,
and came down to the water
s edge not fifty yards from where I stood.
It swept across the river to Shepperton, and the water in its trM
rose in a boiling weal crested with steam. I turned shoreward.
In another moment the huge wave, well-nigh at the boiling-point had
rushed upon me. I screamed aloud, and scalded, half blinded, agonised,
I staggered through the leaping, hissing water towards the shore. Had
my foot stumbled, it would have been the end. I fell helplessly, in
full sight of the Martians, upon the broad, bare gravelly spit that
runs down to mark the angle of the Wey and Thames. I expected nothing
emory of the foot of a Martian coming down within a score
of yards of my head, driving straight into the loose gravel, whirling
it this way and that and lifting again; of a long suspense, and then of
the four carrying the debris of their comrade between them, now clear
and then presently faint through a veil of smoke, receding
interminably, as it seemed to me, across a vast space of river and
meadow. And then, very slowly, I realised that by a miracle I had
HOW I FELL IN WITH THE CURM
After getting this sudden lesson in the power of terrestrial weapons,
the Martians retreated to their original position upon Horsell Common;
and in their haste, and encumbered with the debris of their smashed
companion, they no doubt overlooked many such a stray and negligible
victim as myself. Had they left their comrade and pushed on forthwith,
there was nothing at that time between them and London but batteries of
twelve-pounder guns, and they would certainly have reached the capital
of the tidings of their approach; as sudden, dreadful, and
destructive their advent would have been as the earthquake that
destroyed Lisbon a century ago.
But they were in no hurry. Cylinder followed cylinder on its
interplanetary flight; every twenty-four hours brought them
reinforcement. And meanwhile the military and naval authorities, now
fully alive to the tremendous power of their antagonists, worked with
furious energy. Every minute a fresh gun came into position until,
before twilight, every copseM
, every row of suburban villas on the hilly
slopes about Kingston and Richmond, masked an expectant black muzzle.
And through the charred and desolated area
perhaps twenty square miles
that encircled the Martian encampment on Horsell Common,
through charred and ruined villages among the green trees, through the
blackened and smoking arcades that had been but a day ago pine
spinneys, crawled the devoted scouts with the heliographs that were
presently to warn the gunners of the Martian approach.M
now understood our command of artillery and the danger of human
proximity, and not a man ventured within a mile of either cylinder,
save at the price of his life.
It would seem that these giants spent the earlier part of the afternoon
in going to and fro, transferring everything from the second and third
the second in Addlestone Golf Links and the third at
to their original pit on Horsell Common. Over that, above the
blackened heather and ruined buildings that stretM
stood one as sentinel, while the rest abandoned their vast
fighting-machines and descended into the pit. They were hard at work
there far into the night, and the towering pillar of dense green smoke
that rose therefrom could be seen from the hills about Merrow, and
even, it is said, from Banstead and Epsom Downs.
And while the Martians behind me were thus preparing for their next
sally, and in front of me Humanity gathered for the battle, I made my
way with infinite pains and labour froM
m the fire and smoke of burning
Weybridge towards London.
I saw an abandoned boat, very small and remote, drifting down-stream;
and throwing off the most of my sodden clothes, I went after it, gained
it, and so escaped out of that destruction. There were no oars in the
boat, but I contrived to paddle, as well as my parboiled hands would
allow, down the river towards Halliford and Walton, going very
tediously and continually looking behind me, as you may well
understand. I followed the river, because I conM
sidered that the water
gave me my best chance of escape should these giants return.
The hot water from the Martian
s overthrow drifted downstream with me,
so that for the best part of a mile I could see little of either bank.
Once, however, I made out a string of black figures hurrying across the
meadows from the direction of Weybridge. Halliford, it seemed, was
deserted, and several of the houses facing the river were on fire. It
was strange to see the place quite tranquil, quite desolate under the
blue sky, with the smoke and little threads of flame going straight
up into the heat of the afternoon. Never before had I seen houses
burning without the accompaniment of an obstructive crowd. A little
farther on the dry reeds up the bank were smoking and glowing, and a
line of fire inland was marching steadily across a late field of hay.
For a long time I drifted, so painful and weary was I after the
violence I had been through, and so intense the heat upon the water.
Then my fears got the better of me aM
gain, and I resumed my paddling.
The sun scorched my bare back. At last, as the bridge at Walton was
coming into sight round the bend, my fever and faintness overcame my
fears, and I landed on the Middlesex bank and lay down, deadly sick,
amid the long grass. I suppose the time was then about four or five
clock. I got up presently, walked perhaps half a mile without meeting
a soul, and then lay down again in the shadow of a hedge. I seem to
remember talking, wanderingly, to myself during that last spurt.M
also very thirsty, and bitterly regretful I had drunk no more water. It
is a curious thing that I felt angry with my wife; I cannot account for
it, but my impotent desire to reach Leatherhead worried me excessively.
I do not clearly remember the arrival of the curate, so that probably I
dozed. I became aware of him as a seated figure in soot-smudged shirt
sleeves, and with his upturned, clean-shaven face staring at a faint
flickering that danced over the sky. The sky was what is called a
rows and rows of faint down-plumes of cloud, just tinted
with the midsummer sunset.
I sat up, and at the rustle of my motion he looked at me quickly.
You have been asking for water for the last hour,
For a moment we were silent, taking stock of each other. I dare say he
found me a strange enough figure, naked, save for my water-soaked
trousers and socks, scalded, and my face and shoulders blackened by the
s face was a fair weakness, his chin retreated, and his hair
lay in crisp, almost flaxen curls on his low forehead; his eyes were
rather large, pale blue, and blankly staring. He spoke abruptly,
looking vacantly away from me.
What do these things mean?
I stared at him and made no answer.
He extended a thin white hand and spoke in almost a complaining tone.
Why are these things permitted? What sins have we done? The morning
service was over, I was walking thM
rough the roads to clear my brain for
the afternoon, and then
fire, earthquake, death! As if it were Sodom
and Gomorrah! All our work undone, all the work
I answered, clearing my throat.
He gripped his knees and turned to look at me again. For half a minute,
perhaps, he stared silently.
I was walking through the roads to clear my brain,
fire, earthquake, death!
He relapsed into silence, with his chin now sunkM
en almost to his knees.
Presently he began waving his hand.
all the Sunday schools
Weybridge done? Everything gone
everything destroyed. The church! We
rebuilt it only three years ago. Gone! Swept out of existence! Why?
Another pause, and he broke out again like one demented.
The smoke of her burning goeth up for ever and ever!
His eyes flamed, and he pointed a lean finger in the direction of
By this time I was bM
eginning to take his measure. The tremendous
tragedy in which he had been involved
it was evident he was a fugitive
had driven him to the very verge of his reason.
Are we far from Sunbury?
I said, in a matter-of-fact tone.
Are these creatures everywhere? Has the
earth been given over to them?
Are we far from Sunbury?
Only this morning I officiated at early celebration
Things have changed,
You must keep your head. There
for all this destruction!
I began to explain my view of our position. He listened at first, but
as I went on the interest dawning in his eyes gave place to their
former stare, and his regard wandered from me.
This must be the beginning of the end,
he said, interrupting me.
end! The great and terrible day of the Lord! When men shall call upon
the mountains and the rocks to fall upon them and hide thM
from the face of Him that sitteth upon the throne!
I began to understand the position. I ceased my laboured reasoning,
struggled to my feet, and, standing over him, laid my hand on his
You are scared out of your wits! What good is
religion if it collapses under calamity? Think of what earthquakes and
floods, wars and volcanoes, have done before to men! Did you think God
had exempted Weybridge? He is not an insurance agent.
For a time he sat inM
But how can we escape?
he asked, suddenly.
They are invulnerable,
Neither the one nor, perhaps, the other,
mightier they are the more sane and wary should we be. One of them was
killed yonder not three hours ago.
he said, staring about him.
I proceeded to tell him.
We have chanced to come in
for the thick of it,
What is that flicker in the sky?
I told him it was the heliograph signalling
that it was the sign of
human help and effort in the sky.
We are in the midst of it,
quiet as it is. That flicker in
the sky tells of the gathering storm. Yonder, I take it are the
Martians, and Londonward, where those hills rise about Richmond and
Kingston and the trees give cover, earthworks are being thrown up and
guns are being placed. Presently the Martians will be cominM
And even as I spoke he sprang to his feet and stopped me by a gesture.
From beyond the low hills across the water came the dull resonance of
distant guns and a remote weird crying. Then everything was still. A
cockchafer came droning over the hedge and past us. High in the west
the crescent moon hung faint and pale above the smoke of Weybridge and
Shepperton and the hot, still splendour of the sunset.
We had better follow this path,
My younger brother was in London when the Martians fell at Woking. He
was a medical student working for an imminent examination, and he heard
nothing of the arrival until Saturday morning. The morning papers on
Saturday contained, in addition to lengthy special articles on the
planet Mars, on life in the planets, and so forth, a brief and vaguely
worded telegram, all the more striking for its brevity.
The Martians, alarmed by the approach of a crowd, had killed a numbM
of people with a quick-firing gun, so the story ran. The telegram
concluded with the words:
Formidable as they seem to be, the Martians
have not moved from the pit into which they have fallen, and, indeed,
seem incapable of doing so. Probably this is due to the relative
strength of the earth
s gravitational energy.
On that last text their
leader-writer expanded very comfortingly.
Of course all the students in the crammer
s biology class, to which my
brother went that day, were intensely interM
ested, but there were no
signs of any unusual excitement in the streets. The afternoon papers
puffed scraps of news under big headlines. They had nothing to tell
beyond the movements of troops about the common, and the burning of the
pine woods between Woking and Weybridge, until eight. Then the _St.
s Gazette_, in an extra-special edition, announced the bare fact
of the interruption of telegraphic communication. This was thought to
be due to the falling of burning pine trees across the line. NothingM
more of the fighting was known that night, the night of my drive to
Leatherhead and back.
My brother felt no anxiety about us, as he knew from the description in
the papers that the cylinder was a good two miles from my house. He
made up his mind to run down that night to me, in order, as he says, to
see the Things before they were killed. He dispatched a telegram, which
never reached me, about four o
clock, and spent the evening at a music
In London, also, on Saturday night there was a thundeM
brother reached Waterloo in a cab. On the platform from which the
midnight train usually starts he learned, after some waiting, that an
accident prevented trains from reaching Woking that night. The nature
of the accident he could not ascertain; indeed, the railway authorities
did not clearly know at that time. There was very little excitement in
the station, as the officials, failing to realise that anything further
than a breakdown between Byfleet and Woking junction had occurred, were
ing the theatre trains which usually passed through Woking round by
Virginia Water or Guildford. They were busy making the necessary
arrangements to alter the route of the Southampton and Portsmouth
Sunday League excursions. A nocturnal newspaper reporter, mistaking my
brother for the traffic manager, to whom he bears a slight resemblance,
waylaid and tried to interview him. Few people, excepting the railway
officials, connected the breakdown with the Martians.
I have read, in another account of these evenM
ts, that on Sunday morning
all London was electrified by the news from Woking.
fact, there was nothing to justify that very extravagant phrase. Plenty
of Londoners did not hear of the Martians until the panic of Monday
morning. Those who did took some time to realise all that the hastily
worded telegrams in the Sunday papers conveyed. The majority of people
in London do not read Sunday papers.
The habit of personal security, moreover, is so deeply fixed in the
tartling intelligence so much a matter of course
in the papers, that they could read without any personal tremors:
clock last night the Martians came out of the cylinder,
and, moving about under an armour of metallic shields, have completely
wrecked Woking station with the adjacent houses, and massacred an
entire battalion of the Cardigan Regiment. No details are known. Maxims
have been absolutely useless against their armour; the field guns have
been disabled by them. Flying hussars have M
Chertsey. The Martians appear to be moving slowly towards Chertsey or
Windsor. Great anxiety prevails in West Surrey, and earthworks are
being thrown up to check the advance Londonward.
_Sunday Sun_ put it, and a clever and remarkably prompt
article in the _Referee_ compared the affair to a menagerie suddenly
let loose in a village.
No one in London knew positively of the nature of the armoured
Martians, and there was still a fixed idea that these monM
such expressions occurred in
almost all the earlier reports. None of the telegrams could have been
written by an eyewitness of their advance. The Sunday papers printed
separate editions as further news came to hand, some even in default of
it. But there was practically nothing more to tell people until late in
the afternoon, when the authorities gave the press agencies the news in
their possession. It was stated that the people of Walton and
Weybridge, and all the district were pouring along the roads
Londonward, and that was all.
My brother went to church at the Foundling Hospital in the morning,
still in ignorance of what had happened on the previous night. There he
heard allusions made to the invasion, and a special prayer for peace.
Coming out, he bought a _Referee_. He became alarmed at the news in
this, and went again to Waterloo station to find out if communication
were restored. The omnibuses, carriages, cyclists, and innumerable
ple walking in their best clothes seemed scarcely affected by the
strange intelligence that the newsvendors were disseminating. People
were interested, or, if alarmed, alarmed only on account of the local
residents. At the station he heard for the first time that the Windsor
and Chertsey lines were now interrupted. The porters told him that
several remarkable telegrams had been received in the morning from
Byfleet and Chertsey stations, but that these had abruptly ceased. My
brother could get very little preM
cise detail out of them.
s fighting going on about Weybridge
was the extent of their
The train service was now very much disorganised. Quite a number of
people who had been expecting friends from places on the South-Western
network were standing about the station. One grey-headed old gentleman
came and abused the South-Western Company bitterly to my brother.
One or two trains came in from Richmond, Putney, and Kingston,
who had gone out for a day
s boating and found the
locks closed and a feeling of panic in the air. A man in a blue and
white blazer addressed my brother, full of strange tidings.
s hosts of people driving into Kingston in traps and carts and
things, with boxes of valuables and all that,
Molesey and Weybridge and Walton, and they say there
at Chertsey, heavy firing, and that mounted soldiers have told them to
get off at once because the MartiansM
are coming. We heard guns firing
at Hampton Court station, but we thought it was thunder. What the
dickens does it all mean? The Martians can
t get out of their pit, can
My brother could not tell him.
Afterwards he found that the vague feeling of alarm had spread to the
clients of the underground railway, and that the Sunday excursionists
began to return from all over the South-Western
Wimbledon, Richmond Park, Kew, and so forth
at unnaturally early hours;
oul had anything more than vague hearsay to tell of.
Everyone connected with the terminus seemed ill-tempered.
clock the gathering crowd in the station was immensely
excited by the opening of the line of communication, which is almost
invariably closed, between the South-Eastern and the South-Western
stations, and the passage of carriage trucks bearing huge guns and
carriages crammed with soldiers. These were the guns that were brought
up from Woolwich and Chatham to cover Kingston. There waM
re the beast-tamers!
forth. A little while after that a squad of police came into the
station and began to clear the public off the platforms, and my brother
went out into the street again.
The church bells were ringing for evensong, and a squad of Salvation
Army lassies came singing down Waterloo Road. On the bridge a number of
loafers were watching a curious brown scum that came drifting down the
stream in patches. The sun was juM
st setting, and the Clock Tower and
the Houses of Parliament rose against one of the most peaceful skies it
is possible to imagine, a sky of gold, barred with long transverse
stripes of reddish-purple cloud. There was talk of a floating body. One
of the men there, a reservist he said he was, told my brother he had
seen the heliograph flickering in the west.
In Wellington Street my brother met a couple of sturdy roughs who had
just been rushed out of Fleet Street with still-wet newspapers and
Dreadful catastrophe!
they bawled one to the other
down Wellington Street.
Fighting at Weybridge! Full description!
Repulse of the Martians! London in Danger!
He had to give threepence
for a copy of that paper.
Then it was, and then only, that he realised something of the full
power and terror of these monsters. He learned that they were not
merely a handful of small sluggish creatures, but that they were minds
swaying vast mechanical bodies; and that they could move swiftly and
h such power that even the mightiest guns could not stand
They were described as
vast spiderlike machines, nearly a hundred feet
high, capable of the speed of an express train, and able to shoot out a
beam of intense heat.
Masked batteries, chiefly of field guns, had
been planted in the country about Horsell Common, and especially
between the Woking district and London. Five of the machines had been
seen moving towards the Thames, and one, by a happy chance, had been
other cases the shells had missed, and the batteries
had been at once annihilated by the Heat-Rays. Heavy losses of soldiers
were mentioned, but the tone of the dispatch was optimistic.
The Martians had been repulsed; they were not invulnerable. They had
retreated to their triangle of cylinders again, in the circle about
Woking. Signallers with heliographs were pushing forward upon them from
all sides. Guns were in rapid transit from Windsor, Portsmouth,
even from the north; among othM
of ninety-five tons from Woolwich. Altogether one hundred and sixteen
were in position or being hastily placed, chiefly covering London.
Never before in England had there been such a vast or rapid
concentration of military material.
Any further cylinders that fell, it was hoped, could be destroyed at
once by high explosives, which were being rapidly manufactured and
distributed. No doubt, ran the report, the situation was of the
strangest and gravest description, but the public was exhM
and discourage panic. No doubt the Martians were strange and terrible
in the extreme, but at the outside there could not be more than twenty
of them against our millions.
The authorities had reason to suppose, from the size of the cylinders,
that at the outside there could not be more than five in each
fifteen altogether. And one at least was disposed of
more. The public would be fairly warned of the approach of danger, and
elaborate measures were being taken for the prM
otection of the people in
the threatened southwestern suburbs. And so, with reiterated assurances
of the safety of London and the ability of the authorities to cope with
the difficulty, this quasi-proclamation closed.
This was printed in enormous type on paper so fresh that it was still
wet, and there had been no time to add a word of comment. It was
curious, my brother said, to see how ruthlessly the usual contents of
the paper had been hacked and taken out to give this place.
All down Wellington StreeM
t people could be seen fluttering out the pink
sheets and reading, and the Strand was suddenly noisy with the voices
of an army of hawkers following these pioneers. Men came scrambling off
buses to secure copies. Certainly this news excited people intensely,
whatever their previous apathy. The shutters of a map shop in the
Strand were being taken down, my brother said, and a man in his Sunday
raiment, lemon-yellow gloves even, was visible inside the window
hastily fastening maps of Surrey to the glass.
ing on along the Strand to Trafalgar Square, the paper in his hand,
my brother saw some of the fugitives from West Surrey. There was a man
with his wife and two boys and some articles of furniture in a cart
such as greengrocers use. He was driving from the direction of
Westminster Bridge; and close behind him came a hay waggon with five or
six respectable-looking people in it, and some boxes and bundles. The
faces of these people were haggard, and their entire appearance
contrasted conspicuously with the SabM
bath-best appearance of the people
on the omnibuses. People in fashionable clothing peeped at them out of
cabs. They stopped at the Square as if undecided which way to take, and
finally turned eastward along the Strand. Some way behind these came a
man in workday clothes, riding one of those old-fashioned tricycles
with a small front wheel. He was dirty and white in the face.
My brother turned down towards Victoria, and met a number of such
people. He had a vague idea that he might see something of me. He
noticed an unusual number of police regulating the traffic. Some of the
refugees were exchanging news with the people on the omnibuses. One was
professing to have seen the Martians.
Boilers on stilts, I tell you,
striding along like men.
Most of them were excited and animated by
their strange experience.
Beyond Victoria the public-houses were doing a lively trade with these
arrivals. At all the street corners groups of people were reading
papers, talking excitedly, or staring at these unusual SundayM
They seemed to increase as night drew on, until at last the roads, my
brother said, were like Epsom High Street on a Derby Day. My brother
addressed several of these fugitives and got unsatisfactory answers
None of them could tell him any news of Woking except one man, who
assured him that Woking had been entirely destroyed on the previous
I come from Byfleet,
a man on a bicycle came through the
place in the early morning, and ran from door to door warningM
come away. Then came soldiers. We went out to look, and there were
clouds of smoke to the south
nothing but smoke, and not a soul coming
that way. Then we heard the guns at Chertsey, and folks coming from
ve locked up my house and come on.
At that time there was a strong feeling in the streets that the
authorities were to blame for their incapacity to dispose of the
invaders without all this inconvenience.
clock a noise of heavy firing was distinctly audibleM
over the south of London. My brother could not hear it for the traffic
in the main thoroughfares, but by striking through the quiet back
streets to the river he was able to distinguish it quite plainly.
He walked from Westminster to his apartments near Regent
two. He was now very anxious on my account, and disturbed at the
evident magnitude of the trouble. His mind was inclined to run, even as
mine had run on Saturday, on military details. He thought of all those
silent, expectant gunM
s, of the suddenly nomadic countryside; he tried
a hundred feet high.
There were one or two cartloads of refugees passing along Oxford
Street, and several in the Marylebone Road, but so slowly was the news
spreading that Regent Street and Portland Place were full of their
usual Sunday-night promenaders, albeit they talked in groups, and along
s Park there were as many silent couples
together under the scattered gas lamps as ever therM
night was warm and still, and a little oppressive; the sound of guns
continued intermittently, and after midnight there seemed to be sheet
lightning in the south.
He read and re-read the paper, fearing the worst had happened to me. He
was restless, and after supper prowled out again aimlessly. He returned
and tried in vain to divert his attention to his examination notes. He
went to bed a little after midnight, and was awakened from lurid dreams
in the small hours of Monday by the sound ofM
door knockers, feet
running in the street, distant drumming, and a clamour of bells. Red
reflections danced on the ceiling. For a moment he lay astonished,
wondering whether day had come or the world gone mad. Then he jumped
out of bed and ran to the window.
His room was an attic and as he thrust his head out, up and down the
street there were a dozen echoes to the noise of his window sash, and
heads in every kind of night disarray appeared. Enquiries were being
oliceman, hammering at the door;
the Martians are coming!
and hurried to the next door.
The sound of drumming and trumpeting came from the Albany Street
Barracks, and every church within earshot was hard at work killing
sleep with a vehement disorderly tocsin. There was a noise of doors
opening, and window after window in the houses opposite flashed from
darkness into yellow illumination.
Up the street came galloping a closed carriage, bursting abruptly into
noise at the corner, rising to a clatteM
ring climax under the window,
and dying away slowly in the distance. Close on the rear of this came a
couple of cabs, the forerunners of a long procession of flying
vehicles, going for the most part to Chalk Farm station, where the
North-Western special trains were loading up, instead of coming down
the gradient into Euston.
For a long time my brother stared out of the window in blank
astonishment, watching the policemen hammering at door after door, and
delivering their incomprehensible message. Then theM
opened, and the man who lodged across the landing came in, dressed only
in shirt, trousers, and slippers, his braces loose about his waist, his
hair disordered from his pillow.
What the devil is it?
A fire? What a devil of a row!
They both craned their heads out of the window, straining to hear what
the policemen were shouting. People were coming out of the side
streets, and standing in groups at the corners talking.
What the devil is it all about?
My brother answered him vaguely and began to dress, running with each
garment to the window in order to miss nothing of the growing
excitement. And presently men selling unnaturally early newspapers came
bawling into the street:
London in danger of suffocation! The Kingston and Richmond defences
forced! Fearful massacres in the Thames Valley!
in the rooms below, in the houses on each side and
across the road, and behind in the Park Terraces and in tM
other streets of that part of Marylebone, and the Westbourne Park
district and St. Pancras, and westward and northward in Kilburn and St.
s Wood and Hampstead, and eastward in Shoreditch and Highbury and
Haggerston and Hoxton, and, indeed, through all the vastness of London
from Ealing to East Ham
people were rubbing their eyes, and opening
windows to stare out and ask aimless questions, dressing hastily as the
first breath of the coming storm of Fear blew through the streets. It
dawn of the great panic. London, which had gone to bed on
Sunday night oblivious and inert, was awakened, in the small hours of
Monday morning, to a vivid sense of danger.
Unable from his window to learn what was happening, my brother went
down and out into the street, just as the sky between the parapets of
the houses grew pink with the early dawn. The flying people on foot and
in vehicles grew more numerous every moment.
people crying, and again
unanimous fear was inevitable. As my brother hesitated on the
door-step, he saw another newsvendor approaching, and got a paper
forthwith. The man was running away with the rest, and selling his
papers for a shilling each as he ran
a grotesque mingling of profit and
And from this paper my brother read that catastrophic dispatch of the
The Martians are able to discharge enormous clouds of a black and
poisonous vapour by means of rockets. They have smothered oM
batteries, destroyed Richmond, Kingston, and Wimbledon, and are
advancing slowly towards London, destroying everything on the way. It
is impossible to stop them. There is no safety from the Black Smoke but
That was all, but it was enough. The whole population of the great
six-million city was stirring, slipping, running; presently it would be
pouring _en masse_ northward.
The bells of the neighbouring church made a jangling tM
carelessly driven smashed, amid shrieks and curses, against the water
trough up the street. Sickly yellow lights went to and fro in the
houses, and some of the passing cabs flaunted unextinguished lamps. And
overhead the dawn was growing brighter, clear and steady and calm.
He heard footsteps running to and fro in the rooms, and up and down
stairs behind him. His landlady came to the door, loosely wrapped in
dressing gown and shawl; her husband followed, ejaculating.
As my brother began toM
realise the import of all these things, he
turned hastily to his own room, put all his available money
into his pockets, and went out again into the
WHAT HAD HAPPENED IN SURREY.
It was while the curate had sat and talked so wildly to me under the
hedge in the flat meadows near Halliford, and while my brother was
watching the fugitives stream over Westminster Bridge, that the
Martians had resumed the offensive. So far as one can ascertain from
nflicting accounts that have been put forth, the majority of them
remained busied with preparations in the Horsell pit until nine that
night, hurrying on some operation that disengaged huge volumes of green
But three certainly came out about eight o
clock and, advancing slowly
and cautiously, made their way through Byfleet and Pyrford towards
Ripley and Weybridge, and so came in sight of the expectant batteries
against the setting sun. These Martians did not advance in a body, but
perhaps a mile and a half from his nearest fellow. They
communicated with one another by means of sirenlike howls, running up
and down the scale from one note to another.
It was this howling and firing of the guns at Ripley and St. George
Hill that we had heard at Upper Halliford. The Ripley gunners,
unseasoned artillery volunteers who ought never to have been placed in
such a position, fired one wild, premature, ineffectual volley, and
bolted on horse and foot through the deserted village, while the
Martian, without using his Heat-Ray, walked serenely over their guns,
stepped gingerly among them, passed in front of them, and so came
unexpectedly upon the guns in Painshill Park, which he destroyed.
s Hill men, however, were better led or of a better
mettle. Hidden by a pine wood as they were, they seem to have been
quite unsuspected by the Martian nearest to them. They laid their guns
as deliberately as if they had been on parade, and fired at about a
hells flashed all round him, and he was seen to advance a few
paces, stagger, and go down. Everybody yelled together, and the guns
were reloaded in frantic haste. The overthrown Martian set up a
prolonged ululation, and immediately a second glittering giant,
answering him, appeared over the trees to the south. It would seem that
a leg of the tripod had been smashed by one of the shells. The whole of
the second volley flew wide of the Martian on the ground, and,
simultaneously, both his companions brought theM
ir Heat-Rays to bear on
the battery. The ammunition blew up, the pine trees all about the guns
flashed into fire, and only one or two of the men who were already
running over the crest of the hill escaped.
After this it would seem that the three took counsel together and
halted, and the scouts who were watching them report that they remained
absolutely stationary for the next half hour. The Martian who had been
overthrown crawled tediously out of his hood, a small brown figure,
oddly suggestive from that M
distance of a speck of blight, and
apparently engaged in the repair of his support. About nine he had
finished, for his cowl was then seen above the trees again.
It was a few minutes past nine that night when these three sentinels
were joined by four other Martians, each carrying a thick black tube. A
similar tube was handed to each of the three, and the seven proceeded
to distribute themselves at equal distances along a curved line between
s Hill, Weybridge, and the village of Send, southwestM
A dozen rockets sprang out of the hills before them so soon as they
began to move, and warned the waiting batteries about Ditton and Esher.
At the same time four of their fighting machines, similarly armed with
tubes, crossed the river, and two of them, black against the western
sky, came into sight of myself and the curate as we hurried wearily and
painfully along the road that runs northward out of Halliford. They
moved, as it seemed to us, upon a cloud, for a milky mist covered the
and rose to a third of their height.
At this sight the curate cried faintly in his throat, and began
running; but I knew it was no good running from a Martian, and I turned
aside and crawled through dewy nettles and brambles into the broad
ditch by the side of the road. He looked back, saw what I was doing,
and turned to join me.
The two halted, the nearer to us standing and facing Sunbury, the
remoter being a grey indistinctness towards the evening star, away
The occasional howling M
of the Martians had ceased; they took up their
positions in the huge crescent about their cylinders in absolute
silence. It was a crescent with twelve miles between its horns. Never
since the devising of gunpowder was the beginning of a battle so still.
To us and to an observer about Ripley it would have had precisely the
the Martians seemed in solitary possession of the darkling
night, lit only as it was by the slender moon, the stars, the afterglow
of the daylight, and the ruddy glare from StM
But facing that crescent everywhere
at Staines, Hounslow, Ditton,
Esher, Ockham, behind hills and woods south of the river, and across
the flat grass meadows to the north of it, wherever a cluster of trees
or village houses gave sufficient cover
the guns were waiting. The
signal rockets burst and rained their sparks through the night and
vanished, and the spirit of all those watching batteries rose to a
tense expectation. The Martians had but to advance inM
fire, and instantly those motionless black forms of men, those guns
glittering so darkly in the early night, would explode into a
thunderous fury of battle.
No doubt the thought that was uppermost in a thousand of those vigilant
minds, even as it was uppermost in mine, was the riddle
understood of us. Did they grasp that we in our millions were
organized, disciplined, working together? Or did they interpret our
spurts of fire, the sudden stinging of our shells, our steady
nvestment of their encampment, as we should the furious unanimity of
onslaught in a disturbed hive of bees? Did they dream they might
exterminate us? (At that time no one knew what food they needed.) A
hundred such questions struggled together in my mind as I watched that
vast sentinel shape. And in the back of my mind was the sense of all
the huge unknown and hidden forces Londonward. Had they prepared
pitfalls? Were the powder mills at Hounslow ready as a snare? Would the
Londoners have the heart and couraM
ge to make a greater Moscow of their
mighty province of houses?
Then, after an interminable time, as it seemed to us, crouching and
peering through the hedge, came a sound like the distant concussion of
a gun. Another nearer, and then another. And then the Martian beside us
raised his tube on high and discharged it, gunwise, with a heavy report
that made the ground heave. The one towards Staines answered him. There
was no flash, no smoke, simply that loaded detonation.
I was so excited by these heavy miM
nute-guns following one another that
I so far forgot my personal safety and my scalded hands as to clamber
up into the hedge and stare towards Sunbury. As I did so a second
report followed, and a big projectile hurtled overhead towards
Hounslow. I expected at least to see smoke or fire, or some such
evidence of its work. But all I saw was the deep blue sky above, with
one solitary star, and the white mist spreading wide and low beneath.
And there had been no crash, no answering explosion. The silence was
stored; the minute lengthened to three.
said the curate, standing up beside me.
A bat flickered by and vanished. A distant tumult of shouting began and
ceased. I looked again at the Martian, and saw he was now moving
eastward along the riverbank, with a swift, rolling motion.
Every moment I expected the fire of some hidden battery to spring upon
him; but the evening calm was unbroken. The figure of the Martian grew
smaller as he receded, and preseM
ntly the mist and the gathering night
had swallowed him up. By a common impulse we clambered higher. Towards
Sunbury was a dark appearance, as though a conical hill had suddenly
come into being there, hiding our view of the farther country; and
then, remoter across the river, over Walton, we saw another such
summit. These hill-like forms grew lower and broader even as we stared.
Moved by a sudden thought, I looked northward, and there I perceived a
third of these cloudy black kopjes had risen.
g had suddenly become very still. Far away to the southeast,
marking the quiet, we heard the Martians hooting to one another, and
then the air quivered again with the distant thud of their guns. But
the earthly artillery made no reply.
Now at the time we could not understand these things, but later I was
to learn the meaning of these ominous kopjes that gathered in the
twilight. Each of the Martians, standing in the great crescent I have
described, had discharged, by means of the gunlike tube he carried, aM
huge canister over whatever hill, copse, cluster of houses, or other
possible cover for guns, chanced to be in front of him. Some fired only
one of these, some two
as in the case of the one we had seen; the one
at Ripley is said to have discharged no fewer than five at that time.
These canisters smashed on striking the ground
they did not explode
incontinently disengaged an enormous volume of heavy, inky vapour,
coiling and pouring upward in a huge and ebony cumulus cloud, a gaseous
k and spread itself slowly over the surrounding country.
And the touch of that vapour, the inhaling of its pungent wisps, was
death to all that breathes.
It was heavy, this vapour, heavier than the densest smoke, so that,
after the first tumultuous uprush and outflow of its impact, it sank
down through the air and poured over the ground in a manner rather
liquid than gaseous, abandoning the hills, and streaming into the
valleys and ditches and watercourses even as I have heard the
carbonic-acid gas that pM
ours from volcanic clefts is wont to do. And
where it came upon water some chemical action occurred, and the surface
would be instantly covered with a powdery scum that sank slowly and
made way for more. The scum was absolutely insoluble, and it is a
strange thing, seeing the instant effect of the gas, that one could
drink without hurt the water from which it had been strained. The
vapour did not diffuse as a true gas would do. It hung together in
banks, flowing sluggishly down the slope of the land and drivM
reluctantly before the wind, and very slowly it combined with the mist
and moisture of the air, and sank to the earth in the form of dust.
Save that an unknown element giving a group of four lines in the blue
of the spectrum is concerned, we are still entirely ignorant of the
nature of this substance.
Once the tumultuous upheaval of its dispersion was over, the black
smoke clung so closely to the ground, even before its precipitation,
that fifty feet up in the air, on the roofs and upper stories of hiM
houses and on great trees, there was a chance of escaping its poison
altogether, as was proved even that night at Street Cobham and Ditton.
The man who escaped at the former place tells a wonderful story of the
strangeness of its coiling flow, and how he looked down from the church
spire and saw the houses of the village rising like ghosts out of its
inky nothingness. For a day and a half he remained there, weary,
starving and sun-scorched, the earth under the blue sky and against the
istant hills a velvet-black expanse, with red roofs,
green trees, and, later, black-veiled shrubs and gates, barns,
outhouses, and walls, rising here and there into the sunlight.
But that was at Street Cobham, where the black vapour was allowed to
remain until it sank of its own accord into the ground. As a rule the
Martians, when it had served its purpose, cleared the air of it again
by wading into it and directing a jet of steam upon it.
This they did with the vapour banks near us, as we saw in the staM
from the window of a deserted house at Upper Halliford, whither we had
returned. From there we could see the searchlights on Richmond Hill and
Kingston Hill going to and fro, and about eleven the windows rattled,
and we heard the sound of the huge siege guns that had been put in
position there. These continued intermittently for the space of a
quarter of an hour, sending chance shots at the invisible Martians at
Hampton and Ditton, and then the pale beams of the electric light
vanished, and were replM
aced by a bright red glow.
Then the fourth cylinder fell
a brilliant green meteor
afterwards, in Bushey Park. Before the guns on the Richmond and
Kingston line of hills began, there was a fitful cannonade far away in
the southwest, due, I believe, to guns being fired haphazard before the
black vapour could overwhelm the gunners.
So, setting about it as methodically as men might smoke out a wasps
nest, the Martians spread this strange stifling vapour over the
Londonward country. The hM
orns of the crescent slowly moved apart, until
at last they formed a line from Hanwell to Coombe and Malden. All night
through their destructive tubes advanced. Never once, after the Martian
s Hill was brought down, did they give the artillery the
ghost of a chance against them. Wherever there was a possibility of
guns being laid for them unseen, a fresh canister of the black vapour
was discharged, and where the guns were openly displayed the Heat-Ray
was brought to bear.
lazing trees along the slopes of Richmond Park and the
glare of Kingston Hill threw their light upon a network of black smoke,
blotting out the whole valley of the Thames and extending as far as the
eye could reach. And through this two Martians slowly waded, and turned
their hissing steam jets this way and that.
They were sparing of the Heat-Ray that night, either because they had
but a limited supply of material for its production or because they did
not wish to destroy the country but only to crush and M
opposition they had aroused. In the latter aim they certainly
succeeded. Sunday night was the end of the organised opposition to
their movements. After that no body of men would stand against them, so
hopeless was the enterprise. Even the crews of the torpedo-boats and
destroyers that had brought their quick-firers up the Thames refused to
stop, mutinied, and went down again. The only offensive operation men
ventured upon after that night was the preparation of mines and
pitfalls, and even in thM
at their energies were frantic and spasmodic.
One has to imagine, as well as one may, the fate of those batteries
towards Esher, waiting so tensely in the twilight. Survivors there were
none. One may picture the orderly expectation, the officers alert and
watchful, the gunners ready, the ammunition piled to hand, the limber
gunners with their horses and waggons, the groups of civilian
spectators standing as near as they were permitted, the evening
stillness, the ambulances and hospital tents with the burneM
wounded from Weybridge; then the dull resonance of the shots the
Martians fired, and the clumsy projectile whirling over the trees and
houses and smashing amid the neighbouring fields.
One may picture, too, the sudden shifting of the attention, the swiftly
spreading coils and bellyings of that blackness advancing headlong,
towering heavenward, turning the twilight to a palpable darkness, a
strange and horrible antagonist of vapour striding upon its victims,
men and horses near it seen dimly, runningM
, shrieking, falling
headlong, shouts of dismay, the guns suddenly abandoned, men choking
and writhing on the ground, and the swift broadening-out of the opaque
cone of smoke. And then night and extinction
nothing but a silent mass
of impenetrable vapour hiding its dead.
Before dawn the black vapour was pouring through the streets of
Richmond, and the disintegrating organism of government was, with a
last expiring effort, rousing the population of London to the necessity
So you understand the roaring wave of fear that swept through the
greatest city in the world just as Monday was dawning
flight rising swiftly to a torrent, lashing in a foaming tumult round
the railway stations, banked up into a horrible struggle about the
shipping in the Thames, and hurrying by every available channel
northward and eastward. By ten o
clock the police organisation, and by
midday even the railway organisations, were losing coherency, losing
fficiency, guttering, softening, running at last in that
swift liquefaction of the social body.
All the railway lines north of the Thames and the South-Eastern people
at Cannon Street had been warned by midnight on Sunday, and trains were
being filled. People were fighting savagely for standing-room in the
carriages even at two o
clock. By three, people were being trampled and
crushed even in Bishopsgate Street, a couple of hundred yards or more
from Liverpool Street station; revolvers were fired, peopleM
and the policemen who had been sent to direct the traffic, exhausted
and infuriated, were breaking the heads of the people they were called
And as the day advanced and the engine drivers and stokers refused to
return to London, the pressure of the flight drove the people in an
ever-thickening multitude away from the stations and along the
northward-running roads. By midday a Martian had been seen at Barnes,
and a cloud of slowly sinking black vapour drove along the Thames and
ross the flats of Lambeth, cutting off all escape over the bridges in
its sluggish advance. Another bank drove over Ealing, and surrounded a
little island of survivors on Castle Hill, alive, but unable to escape.
After a fruitless struggle to get aboard a North-Western train at Chalk
the engines of the trains that had loaded in the goods yard there
_ploughed_ through shrieking people, and a dozen stalwart men fought to
keep the crowd from crushing the driver against his furnace
upon the Chalk Farm road, dodged across through a hurrying
swarm of vehicles, and had the luck to be foremost in the sack of a
cycle shop. The front tire of the machine he got was punctured in
dragging it through the window, but he got up and off, notwithstanding,
with no further injury than a cut wrist. The steep foot of Haverstock
Hill was impassable owing to several overturned horses, and my brother
struck into Belsize Road.
So he got out of the fury of the panic, and, skirting the Edgware Road,
d Edgware about seven, fasting and wearied, but well ahead of the
crowd. Along the road people were standing in the roadway, curious,
wondering. He was passed by a number of cyclists, some horsemen, and
two motor cars. A mile from Edgware the rim of the wheel broke, and the
machine became unridable. He left it by the roadside and trudged
through the village. There were shops half opened in the main street of
the place, and people crowded on the pavement and in the doorways and
windows, staring astonished at M
this extraordinary procession of
fugitives that was beginning. He succeeded in getting some food at an
For a time he remained in Edgware not knowing what next to do. The
flying people increased in number. Many of them, like my brother,
seemed inclined to loiter in the place. There was no fresh news of the
At that time the road was crowded, but as yet far from congested. Most
of the fugitives at that hour were mounted on cycles, but there were
soon motor cars, hansom cabs, and cM
arriages hurrying along, and the
dust hung in heavy clouds along the road to St. Albans.
It was perhaps a vague idea of making his way to Chelmsford, where some
friends of his lived, that at last induced my brother to strike into a
quiet lane running eastward. Presently he came upon a stile, and,
crossing it, followed a footpath northeastward. He passed near several
farmhouses and some little places whose names he did not learn. He saw
few fugitives until, in a grass lane towards High Barnet, he happened
upon two ladies who became his fellow travellers. He came upon them
just in time to save them.
He heard their screams, and, hurrying round the corner, saw a couple of
men struggling to drag them out of the little pony-chaise in which they
had been driving, while a third with difficulty held the frightened
s head. One of the ladies, a short woman dressed in white, was
simply screaming; the other, a dark, slender figure, slashed at the man
who gripped her arm with a whip she held in her disengaged hanM
My brother immediately grasped the situation, shouted, and hurried
towards the struggle. One of the men desisted and turned towards him,
and my brother, realising from his antagonist
s face that a fight was
unavoidable, and being an expert boxer, went into him forthwith and
sent him down against the wheel of the chaise.
It was no time for pugilistic chivalry and my brother laid him quiet
with a kick, and gripped the collar of the man who pulled at the
s arm. He heard the clatter of hM
oofs, the whip stung
across his face, a third antagonist struck him between the eyes, and
the man he held wrenched himself free and made off down the lane in the
direction from which he had come.
Partly stunned, he found himself facing the man who had held the
s head, and became aware of the chaise receding from him down the
lane, swaying from side to side, and with the women in it looking back.
The man before him, a burly rough, tried to close, and he stopped him
with a blow in the face. Then, reM
alising that he was deserted, he
dodged round and made off down the lane after the chaise, with the
sturdy man close behind him, and the fugitive, who had turned now,
Suddenly he stumbled and fell; his immediate pursuer went headlong, and
he rose to his feet to find himself with a couple of antagonists again.
He would have had little chance against them had not the slender lady
very pluckily pulled up and returned to his help. It seems she had had
a revolver all this time, but it had bM
een under the seat when she and
her companion were attacked. She fired at six yards
missing my brother. The less courageous of the robbers made off, and
his companion followed him, cursing his cowardice. They both stopped in
sight down the lane, where the third man lay insensible.
said the slender lady, and she gave my brother her
Go back to the chaise,
said my brother, wiping the blood from his
She turned without a word
and they went back to
where the lady in white struggled to hold back the frightened pony.
The robbers had evidently had enough of it. When my brother looked
again they were retreating.
; and he got upon the empty
front seat. The lady looked over her shoulder.
she said, and laid the whip along the pony
In another moment a bend in the road hid the three men from my
tedly, my brother found himself, panting, with a cut
mouth, a bruised jaw, and bloodstained knuckles, driving along an
unknown lane with these two women.
He learned they were the wife and the younger sister of a surgeon
living at Stanmore, who had come in the small hours from a dangerous
case at Pinner, and heard at some railway station on his way of the
Martian advance. He had hurried home, roused the women
had left them two days before
packed some provisions, put his revolver
luckily for my brother
and told them to drive on to
Edgware, with the idea of getting a train there. He stopped behind to
tell the neighbours. He would overtake them, he said, at about half
past four in the morning, and now it was nearly nine and they had seen
nothing of him. They could not stop in Edgware because of the growing
traffic through the place, and so they had come into this side lane.
That was the story they told my brother in fragments when presently
they stopped again, nearer to NewM
Barnet. He promised to stay with
them, at least until they could determine what to do, or until the
missing man arrived, and professed to be an expert shot with the
a weapon strange to him
in order to give them confidence.
They made a sort of encampment by the wayside, and the pony became
happy in the hedge. He told them of his own escape out of London, and
all that he knew of these Martians and their ways. The sun crept higher
in the sky, and after a time their talk died out and gave place tM
uneasy state of anticipation. Several wayfarers came along the lane,
and of these my brother gathered such news as he could. Every broken
answer he had deepened his impression of the great disaster that had
come on humanity, deepened his persuasion of the immediate necessity
for prosecuting this flight. He urged the matter upon them.
said the slender woman, and hesitated.
Her eyes met my brother
s, and her hesitation ended.
that they had as much as thirty pounds in gold, besides a
five-pound note, and suggested that with that they might get upon a
train at St. Albans or New Barnet. My brother thought that was
hopeless, seeing the fury of the Londoners to crowd upon the trains,
and broached his own idea of striking across Essex towards Harwich and
thence escaping from the country altogether.
that was the name of the woman in white
to no reasoning, and kept calling upon
was astonishingly quiet and deliberate, and at last agreed to my
s suggestion. So, designing to cross the Great North Road, they
went on towards Barnet, my brother leading the pony to save it as much
as possible. As the sun crept up the sky the day became excessively
hot, and under foot a thick, whitish sand grew burning and blinding, so
that they travelled only very slowly. The hedges were grey with dust.
And as they advanced towards Barnet a tumultuous murmuring grew
ey began to meet more people. For the most part these were staring
before them, murmuring indistinct questions, jaded, haggard, unclean.
One man in evening dress passed them on foot, his eyes on the ground.
They heard his voice, and, looking back at him, saw one hand clutched
in his hair and the other beating invisible things. His paroxysm of
rage over, he went on his way without once looking back.
s party went on towards the crossroads to the south of
Barnet they saw a woman approaching thM
e road across some fields on
their left, carrying a child and with two other children; and then
passed a man in dirty black, with a thick stick in one hand and a small
portmanteau in the other. Then round the corner of the lane, from
between the villas that guarded it at its confluence with the high
road, came a little cart drawn by a sweating black pony and driven by a
sallow youth in a bowler hat, grey with dust. There were three girls,
East End factory girls, and a couple of little children crowded in theM
ll tike us rahnd Edgware?
asked the driver, wild-eyed,
white-faced; and when my brother told him it would if he turned to the
left, he whipped up at once without the formality of thanks.
My brother noticed a pale grey smoke or haze rising among the houses in
front of them, and veiling the white fa
ade of a terrace beyond the
road that appeared between the backs of the villas. Mrs. Elphinstone
suddenly cried out at a number of tongues of smoky red flame leaping up
n front of them against the hot, blue sky. The
tumultuous noise resolved itself now into the disorderly mingling of
many voices, the gride of many wheels, the creaking of waggons, and the
staccato of hoofs. The lane came round sharply not fifty yards from the
cried Mrs. Elphinstone.
What is this you are driving
For the main road was a boiling stream of people, a torrent of human
beings rushing northward, one pressing on another. A greM
dust, white and luminous in the blaze of the sun, made everything
within twenty feet of the ground grey and indistinct and was
perpetually renewed by the hurrying feet of a dense crowd of horses and
of men and women on foot, and by the wheels of vehicles of every
my brother heard voices crying.
It was like riding into the smoke of a fire to approach the meeting
point of the lane and road; the crowd roared like a fire, and the dust
was hot and pungent. M
And, indeed, a little way up the road a villa was
burning and sending rolling masses of black smoke across the road to
add to the confusion.
Two men came past them. Then a dirty woman, carrying a heavy bundle and
weeping. A lost retriever dog, with hanging tongue, circled dubiously
round them, scared and wretched, and fled at my brother
So much as they could see of the road Londonward between the houses to
the right was a tumultuous stream of dirty, hurrying people, pent in
s on either side; the black heads, the crowded forms,
grew into distinctness as they rushed towards the corner, hurried past,
and merged their individuality again in a receding multitude that was
swallowed up at last in a cloud of dust.
s hands pressed on the back of another. My brother stood at the
s head. Irresistibly attracted, he advanced slowly, pace by pace,
Edgware had been a scene of confusion, Chalk Farm a rM
this was a whole population in movement. It is hard to imagine that
host. It had no character of its own. The figures poured out past the
corner, and receded with their backs to the group in the lane. Along
the margin came those who were on foot threatened by the wheels,
stumbling in the ditches, blundering into one another.
The carts and carriages crowded close upon one another, making little
way for those swifter and more impatient vehicles that darted forward
every now and then when M
an opportunity showed itself of doing so,
sending the people scattering against the fences and gates of the
Push on! They are coming!
In one cart stood a blind man in the uniform of the Salvation Army,
gesticulating with his crooked fingers and bawling,
His voice was hoarse and very loud so that my brother could
hear him long after he was lost to sight in the dust. Some of the
people who crowded in the carts whipped stupidly at their hoM
quarrelled with other drivers; some sat motionless, staring at nothing
with miserable eyes; some gnawed their hands with thirst, or lay
prostrate in the bottoms of their conveyances. The horses
covered with foam, their eyes bloodshot.
There were cabs, carriages, shop-carts, waggons, beyond counting; a
mail cart, a road-cleaner
Vestry of St. Pancras,
timber waggon crowded with roughs. A brewer
s dray rumbled by with its
two near wheels splashed with fresM
Eter-nity! Eter-nity!
came echoing down the road.
There were sad, haggard women tramping by, well dressed, with children
that cried and stumbled, their dainty clothes smothered in dust, their
weary faces smeared with tears. With many of these came men, sometimes
helpful, sometimes lowering and savage. Fighting side by side with them
pushed some weary street outcast in faded black rags, wide-eyed,
loud-voiced, and foul-mouthed. M
There were sturdy workmen thrusting
their way along, wretched, unkempt men, clothed like clerks or shopmen,
struggling spasmodically; a wounded soldier my brother noticed, men
dressed in the clothes of railway porters, one wretched creature in a
nightshirt with a coat thrown over it.
But varied as its composition was, certain things all that host had in
common. There were fear and pain on their faces, and fear behind them.
A tumult up the road, a quarrel for a place in a waggon, sent the whole
m quickening their pace; even a man so scared and broken
that his knees bent under him was galvanised for a moment into renewed
activity. The heat and dust had already been at work upon this
multitude. Their skins were dry, their lips black and cracked. They
were all thirsty, weary, and footsore. And amid the various cries one
heard disputes, reproaches, groans of weariness and fatigue; the voices
of most of them were hoarse and weak. Through it all ran a refrain:
Way! Way! The Martians are coming!
Few stopped and came aside from that flood. The lane opened slantingly
into the main road with a narrow opening, and had a delusive appearance
of coming from the direction of London. Yet a kind of eddy of people
drove into its mouth; weaklings elbowed out of the stream, who for the
most part rested but a moment before plunging into it again. A little
way down the lane, with two friends bending over him, lay a man with a
bare leg, wrapped about with bloody rags. He was a lucky man to have
le old man, with a grey military moustache and a filthy black
frock coat, limped out and sat down beside the trap, removed his
his sock was blood-stained
shook out a pebble, and hobbled on
again; and then a little girl of eight or nine, all alone, threw
herself under the hedge close by my brother, weeping.
My brother woke from his torpor of astonishment and lifted her up,
speaking gently to her, and carried her to Miss Elphinstone. So soon as
ouched her she became quite still, as if frightened.
shrieked a woman in the crowd, with tears in her
And the child suddenly darted away from my brother,
said a man on horseback, riding past along the lane.
Out of the way, there!
bawled a coachman, towering high; and my
brother saw a closed carriage turning into the lane.
The people crushed back on one another to avoid the horse. My brother
pushed the pony and chaiseM
back into the hedge, and the man drove by
and stopped at the turn of the way. It was a carriage, with a pole for
a pair of horses, but only one was in the traces. My brother saw dimly
through the dust that two men lifted out something on a white stretcher
and put it gently on the grass beneath the privet hedge.
One of the men came running to my brother.
Where is there any water?
He is dying fast, and very
thirsty. It is Lord Garrick.
in some of the houses. We have
no water. I dare not leave my people.
The man pushed against the crowd towards the gate of the corner house.
said the people, thrusting at him.
They are coming! Go on!
s attention was distracted by a bearded, eagle-faced
man lugging a small handbag, which split even as my brother
rested on it and disgorged a mass of sovereigns that M
into separate coins as it struck the ground. They rolled hither and
thither among the struggling feet of men and horses. The man stopped
and looked stupidly at the heap, and the shaft of a cab struck his
shoulder and sent him reeling. He gave a shriek and dodged back, and a
cartwheel shaved him narrowly.
cried the men all about him.
So soon as the cab had passed, he flung himself, with both hands open,
upon the heap of coins, and began thrusting handfuls in M
horse rose close upon him, and in another moment, half rising, he had
been borne down under the horse
screamed my brother, and pushing a woman out of his way, tried
to clutch the bit of the horse.
Before he could get to it, he heard a scream under the wheels, and saw
through the dust the rim passing over the poor wretch
driver of the cart slashed his whip at my brother, who ran round behind
the cart. The multitudinous shouting confused his ears. The manM
writhing in the dust among his scattered money, unable to rise, for the
wheel had broken his back, and his lower limbs lay limp and dead. My
brother stood up and yelled at the next driver, and a man on a black
horse came to his assistance.
Get him out of the road,
said he; and, clutching the man
with his free hand, my brother lugged him sideways. But he still
clutched after his money, and regarded my brother fiercely, hammering
at his arm with a handful of gold.
There was a smash as the pole of a carriage crashed into the cart that
the man on horseback stopped. My brother looked up, and the man with
the gold twisted his head round and bit the wrist that held his collar.
There was a concussion, and the black horse came staggering sideways,
and the carthorse pushed beside it. A hoof missed my brother
s breadth. He released his grip on the fallen man and jumped
back. He saw anger change to terror on thM
e face of the poor wretch on
the ground, and in a moment he was hidden and my brother was borne
backward and carried past the entrance of the lane, and had to fight
hard in the torrent to recover it.
He saw Miss Elphinstone covering her eyes, and a little child, with all
s want of sympathetic imagination, staring with dilated eyes at
a dusty something that lay black and still, ground and crushed under
the rolling wheels.
he shouted, and began turning the
he said and they went back a
hundred yards the way they had come, until the fighting crowd was
hidden. As they passed the bend in the lane my brother saw the face of
the dying man in the ditch under the privet, deadly white and drawn,
and shining with perspiration. The two women sat silent, crouching in
their seat and shivering.
Then beyond the bend my brother stopped again. Miss Elphinstone was
white and pale, and her sister-in-law sat weeping, too wretched even to
My brother was horrified and perplexed. So soon as
they had retreated he realised how urgent and unavoidable it was to
attempt this crossing. He turned to Miss Elphinstone, suddenly
We must go that way,
he said, and led the pony round again.
For the second time that day this girl proved her quality. To force
their way into the torrent of people, my brother plunged into the
traffic and held back a cab horse, while she drove the pony across its
head. A waggon locked wheels forM
a moment and ripped a long splinter
from the chaise. In another moment they were caught and swept forward
by the stream. My brother, with the cabman
s whip marks red across his
face and hands, scrambled into the chaise and took the reins from her.
Point the revolver at the man behind,
he said, giving it to her,
he presses us too hard. No!
point it at his horse.
Then he began to look out for a chance of edging to the right across
the road. But once in the stream he seemed to lose volitM
a part of that dusty rout. They swept through Chipping Barnet with the
torrent; they were nearly a mile beyond the centre of the town before
they had fought across to the opposite side of the way. It was din and
confusion indescribable; but in and beyond the town the road forks
repeatedly, and this to some extent relieved the stress.
They struck eastward through Hadley, and there on either side of the
road, and at another place farther on they came upon a great multitude
of people drinking M
at the stream, some fighting to come at the water.
And farther on, from a lull near East Barnet, they saw two trains
running slowly one after the other without signal or order
swarming with people, with men even among the coals behind the
going northward along the Great Northern Railway. My brother
supposes they must have filled outside London, for at that time the
furious terror of the people had rendered the central termini
Near this place they halted for the rest of the aM
violence of the day had already utterly exhausted all three of them.
They began to suffer the beginnings of hunger; the night was cold, and
none of them dared to sleep. And in the evening many people came
hurrying along the road nearby their stopping place, fleeing from
unknown dangers before them, and going in the direction from which my
Had the Martians aimed only at destruction, they might on Monday have
annihilated the entiM
re population of London, as it spread itself slowly
through the home counties. Not only along the road through Barnet, but
also through Edgware and Waltham Abbey, and along the roads eastward to
Southend and Shoeburyness, and south of the Thames to Deal and
Broadstairs, poured the same frantic rout. If one could have hung that
June morning in a balloon in the blazing blue above London every
northward and eastward road running out of the tangled maze of streets
would have seemed stippled black with the streamM
ing fugitives, each dot
a human agony of terror and physical distress. I have set forth at
length in the last chapter my brother
s account of the road through
Chipping Barnet, in order that my readers may realise how that swarming
of black dots appeared to one of those concerned. Never before in the
history of the world had such a mass of human beings moved and suffered
together. The legendary hosts of Goths and Huns, the hugest armies Asia
has ever seen, would have been but a drop in that current. And thiM
no disciplined march; it was a stampede
a stampede gigantic and
without order and without a goal, six million people unarmed
and unprovisioned, driving headlong. It was the beginning of the rout
of civilisation, of the massacre of mankind.
Directly below him the balloonist would have seen the network of
streets far and wide, houses, churches, squares, crescents,
spread out like a huge map, and in the
southward _blotted_. Over Ealing, Richmond, Wimbledon, it M
seemed as if some monstrous pen had flung ink upon the chart. Steadily,
incessantly, each black splash grew and spread, shooting out
ramifications this way and that, now banking itself against rising
ground, now pouring swiftly over a crest into a new-found valley,
exactly as a gout of ink would spread itself upon blotting paper.
And beyond, over the blue hills that rise southward of the river, the
glittering Martians went to and fro, calmly and methodically spreading
their poison cloud over thM
is patch of country and then over that,
laying it again with their steam jets when it had served its purpose,
and taking possession of the conquered country. They do not seem to
have aimed at extermination so much as at complete demoralisation and
the destruction of any opposition. They exploded any stores of powder
they came upon, cut every telegraph, and wrecked the railways here and
there. They were hamstringing mankind. They seemed in no hurry to
extend the field of their operations, and did not come beyM
central part of London all that day. It is possible that a very
considerable number of people in London stuck to their houses through
Monday morning. Certain it is that many died at home suffocated by the
Until about midday the Pool of London was an astonishing scene.
Steamboats and shipping of all sorts lay there, tempted by the enormous
sums of money offered by fugitives, and it is said that many who swam
out to these vessels were thrust off with boathooks and drowned. About
clock in the afternoon the thinning remnant of a cloud of the
black vapour appeared between the arches of Blackfriars Bridge. At that
the Pool became a scene of mad confusion, fighting, and collision, and
for some time a multitude of boats and barges jammed in the northern
arch of the Tower Bridge, and the sailors and lightermen had to fight
savagely against the people who swarmed upon them from the riverfront.
People were actually clambering down the piers of the bridge from
When, an hour later,M
a Martian appeared beyond the Clock Tower and
waded down the river, nothing but wreckage floated above Limehouse.
Of the falling of the fifth cylinder I have presently to tell. The
sixth star fell at Wimbledon. My brother, keeping watch beside the
women in the chaise in a meadow, saw the green flash of it far beyond
the hills. On Tuesday the little party, still set upon getting across
the sea, made its way through the swarming country towards Colchester.
The news that the Martians were now in possession oM
London was confirmed. They had been seen at Highgate, and even, it was
said, at Neasden. But they did not come into my brother
That day the scattered multitudes began to realise the urgent need of
provisions. As they grew hungry the rights of property ceased to be
regarded. Farmers were out to defend their cattle-sheds, granaries, and
ripening root crops with arms in their hands. A number of people now,
like my brother, had their faces eastward, and there were somM
desperate souls even going back towards London to get food. These were
chiefly people from the northern suburbs, whose knowledge of the Black
Smoke came by hearsay. He heard that about half the members of the
government had gathered at Birmingham, and that enormous quantities of
high explosives were being prepared to be used in automatic mines
across the Midland counties.
He was also told that the Midland Railway Company had replaced the
desertions of the first day
s panic, had resumed traffic, and waM
running northward trains from St. Albans to relieve the congestion of
the home counties. There was also a placard in Chipping Ongar
announcing that large stores of flour were available in the northern
towns and that within twenty-four hours bread would be distributed
among the starving people in the neighbourhood. But this intelligence
did not deter him from the plan of escape he had formed, and the three
pressed eastward all day, and heard no more of the bread distribution
than this promise. Nor, as a maM
tter of fact, did anyone else hear more
of it. That night fell the seventh star, falling upon Primrose Hill. It
fell while Miss Elphinstone was watching, for she took that duty
alternately with my brother. She saw it.
On Wednesday the three fugitives
they had passed the night in a field
reached Chelmsford, and there a body of the
inhabitants, calling itself the Committee of Public Supply, seized the
pony as provisions, and would give nothing in exchange for it but the
e in it the next day. Here there were rumours of
Martians at Epping, and news of the destruction of Waltham Abbey Powder
Mills in a vain attempt to blow up one of the invaders.
People were watching for Martians here from the church towers. My
brother, very luckily for him as it chanced, preferred to push on at
once to the coast rather than wait for food, although all three of them
were very hungry. By midday they passed through Tillingham, which,
strangely enough, seemed to be quite silent and deserted, saM
few furtive plunderers hunting for food. Near Tillingham they suddenly
came in sight of the sea, and the most amazing crowd of shipping of all
sorts that it is possible to imagine.
For after the sailors could no longer come up the Thames, they came on
to the Essex coast, to Harwich and Walton and Clacton, and afterwards
to Foulness and Shoebury, to bring off the people. They lay in a huge
sickle-shaped curve that vanished into mist at last towards the Naze.
Close inshore was a multitude of fishinM
French, Dutch, and Swedish; steam launches from the Thames, yachts,
electric boats; and beyond were ships of larger burden, a multitude of
filthy colliers, trim merchantmen, cattle ships, passenger boats,
petroleum tanks, ocean tramps, an old white transport even, neat white
and grey liners from Southampton and Hamburg; and along the blue coast
across the Blackwater my brother could make out dimly a dense swarm of
boats chaffering with the people on the beach, a swarm which also
extended up the Blackwater almost to Maldon.
About a couple of miles out lay an ironclad, very low in the water,
almost, to my brother
s perception, like a water-logged ship. This was
the ram _Thunder Child_. It was the only warship in sight, but far away
to the right over the smooth surface of the sea
for that day there was
lay a serpent of black smoke to mark the next ironclads of
the Channel Fleet, which hovered in an extended line, steam up and
ready for action, across the Thames estuM
ary during the course of the
Martian conquest, vigilant and yet powerless to prevent it.
At the sight of the sea, Mrs. Elphinstone, in spite of the assurances
of her sister-in-law, gave way to panic. She had never been out of
England before, she would rather die than trust herself friendless in a
foreign country, and so forth. She seemed, poor woman, to imagine that
the French and the Martians might prove very similar. She had been
growing increasingly hysterical, fearful, and depressed during the two
journeyings. Her great idea was to return to Stanmore. Things had
been always well and safe at Stanmore. They would find George at
It was with the greatest difficulty they could get her down to the
beach, where presently my brother succeeded in attracting the attention
of some men on a paddle steamer from the Thames. They sent a boat and
drove a bargain for thirty-six pounds for the three. The steamer was
going, these men said, to Ostend.
clock when my brother, havM
ing paid their fares at
the gangway, found himself safely aboard the steamboat with his
charges. There was food aboard, albeit at exorbitant prices, and the
three of them contrived to eat a meal on one of the seats forward.
There were already a couple of score of passengers aboard, some of whom
had expended their last money in securing a passage, but the captain
lay off the Blackwater until five in the afternoon, picking up
passengers until the seated decks were even dangerously crowded. He
have remained longer had it not been for the sound of
guns that began about that hour in the south. As if in answer, the
ironclad seaward fired a small gun and hoisted a string of flags. A jet
of smoke sprang out of her funnels.
Some of the passengers were of opinion that this firing came from
Shoeburyness, until it was noticed that it was growing louder. At the
same time, far away in the southeast the masts and upperworks of three
ironclads rose one after the other out of the sea, beneath clouds of
k smoke. But my brother
s attention speedily reverted to the
distant firing in the south. He fancied he saw a column of smoke rising
out of the distant grey haze.
The little steamer was already flapping her way eastward of the big
crescent of shipping, and the low Essex coast was growing blue and
hazy, when a Martian appeared, small and faint in the remote distance,
advancing along the muddy coast from the direction of Foulness. At that
the captain on the bridge swore at the top of his voice with fear anM
anger at his own delay, and the paddles seemed infected with his
terror. Every soul aboard stood at the bulwarks or on the seats of the
steamer and stared at that distant shape, higher than the trees or
church towers inland, and advancing with a leisurely parody of a human
It was the first Martian my brother had seen, and he stood, more amazed
than terrified, watching this Titan advancing deliberately towards the
shipping, wading farther and farther into the water as the coast fell
far away beyond the Crouch, came another, striding over
some stunted trees, and then yet another, still farther off, wading
deeply through a shiny mudflat that seemed to hang halfway up between
sea and sky. They were all stalking seaward, as if to intercept the
escape of the multitudinous vessels that were crowded between Foulness
and the Naze. In spite of the throbbing exertions of the engines of the
little paddle-boat, and the pouring foam that her wheels flung behind
her, she receded with terrifying slownM
ess from this ominous advance.
Glancing northwestward, my brother saw the large crescent of shipping
already writhing with the approaching terror; one ship passing behind
another, another coming round from broadside to end on, steamships
whistling and giving off volumes of steam, sails being let out,
launches rushing hither and thither. He was so fascinated by this and
by the creeping danger away to the left that he had no eyes for
anything seaward. And then a swift movement of the steamboat (she had
enly come round to avoid being run down) flung him headlong from
the seat upon which he was standing. There was a shouting all about
him, a trampling of feet, and a cheer that seemed to be answered
faintly. The steamboat lurched and rolled him over upon his hands.
He sprang to his feet and saw to starboard, and not a hundred yards
from their heeling, pitching boat, a vast iron bulk like the blade of a
plough tearing through the water, tossing it on either side in huge
waves of foam that leaped towards the M
steamer, flinging her paddles
helplessly in the air, and then sucking her deck down almost to the
A douche of spray blinded my brother for a moment. When his eyes were
clear again he saw the monster had passed and was rushing landward. Big
iron upperworks rose out of this headlong structure, and from that twin
funnels projected and spat a smoking blast shot with fire. It was the
torpedo ram, _Thunder Child_, steaming headlong, coming to the rescue
of the threatened shipping.
ing on the heaving deck by clutching the bulwarks, my
brother looked past this charging leviathan at the Martians again, and
he saw the three of them now close together, and standing so far out to
sea that their tripod supports were almost entirely submerged. Thus
sunken, and seen in remote perspective, they appeared far less
formidable than the huge iron bulk in whose wake the steamer was
pitching so helplessly. It would seem they were regarding this new
antagonist with astonishment. To their intelligence, M
giant was even such another as themselves. The _Thunder Child_ fired no
gun, but simply drove full speed towards them. It was probably her not
firing that enabled her to get so near the enemy as she did. They did
not know what to make of her. One shell, and they would have sent her
to the bottom forthwith with the Heat-Ray.
She was steaming at such a pace that in a minute she seemed halfway
between the steamboat and the Martians
a diminishing black bulk against
the receding horizontal expM
anse of the Essex coast.
Suddenly the foremost Martian lowered his tube and discharged a
canister of the black gas at the ironclad. It hit her larboard side and
glanced off in an inky jet that rolled away to seaward, an unfolding
torrent of Black Smoke, from which the ironclad drove clear. To the
watchers from the steamer, low in the water and with the sun in their
eyes, it seemed as though she were already among the Martians.
They saw the gaunt figures separating and rising out of the water as
reated shoreward, and one of them raised the camera-like
generator of the Heat-Ray. He held it pointing obliquely downward, and
a bank of steam sprang from the water at its touch. It must have driven
through the iron of the ship
s side like a white-hot iron rod through
A flicker of flame went up through the rising steam, and then the
Martian reeled and staggered. In another moment he was cut down, and a
great body of water and steam shot high in the air. The guns of the
_Thunder Child_ sounded thM
rough the reek, going off one after the
other, and one shot splashed the water high close by the steamer,
ricocheted towards the other flying ships to the north, and smashed a
But no one heeded that very much. At the sight of the Martian
collapse the captain on the bridge yelled inarticulately, and all the
crowding passengers on the steamer
s stern shouted together. And then
they yelled again. For, surging out beyond the white tumult, drove
something long and black, the flames stM
reaming from its middle parts,
its ventilators and funnels spouting fire.
She was alive still; the steering gear, it seems, was intact and her
engines working. She headed straight for a second Martian, and was
within a hundred yards of him when the Heat-Ray came to bear. Then with
a violent thud, a blinding flash, her decks, her funnels, leaped
upward. The Martian staggered with the violence of her explosion, and
in another moment the flaming wreckage, still driving forward with the
impetus of its pace, hM
ad struck him and crumpled him up like a thing of
cardboard. My brother shouted involuntarily. A boiling tumult of steam
hid everything again.
yelled the captain.
Everyone was shouting. The whole steamer from end to end rang with
frantic cheering that was taken up first by one and then by all in the
crowding multitude of ships and boats that was driving out to sea.
The steam hung upon the water for many minutes, hiding the third
Martian and the coast altogether. And all this time the boat wM
paddling steadily out to sea and away from the fight; and when at last
the confusion cleared, the drifting bank of black vapour intervened,
and nothing of the _Thunder Child_ could be made out, nor could the
third Martian be seen. But the ironclads to seaward were now quite
close and standing in towards shore past the steamboat.
The little vessel continued to beat its way seaward, and the ironclads
receded slowly towards the coast, which was hidden still by a marbled
bank of vapour, part steam, part blM
ack gas, eddying and combining in
the strangest way. The fleet of refugees was scattering to the
northeast; several smacks were sailing between the ironclads and the
steamboat. After a time, and before they reached the sinking cloud
bank, the warships turned northward, and then abruptly went about and
passed into the thickening haze of evening southward. The coast grew
faint, and at last indistinguishable amid the low banks of clouds that
were gathering about the sinking sun.
Then suddenly out of the goldM
en haze of the sunset came the vibration
of guns, and a form of black shadows moving. Everyone struggled to the
rail of the steamer and peered into the blinding furnace of the west,
but nothing was to be distinguished clearly. A mass of smoke rose
slanting and barred the face of the sun. The steamboat throbbed on its
way through an interminable suspense.
The sun sank into grey clouds, the sky flushed and darkened, the
evening star trembled into sight. It was deep twilight when the captain
inted. My brother strained his eyes. Something rushed
up into the sky out of the greyness
rushed slantingly upward and very
swiftly into the luminous clearness above the clouds in the western
sky; something flat and broad, and very large, that swept round in a
vast curve, grew smaller, sank slowly, and vanished again into the grey
mystery of the night. And as it flew it rained down darkness upon the
THE EARTH UNDER THE MARTIANS.
In the first book I haveM
wandered so much from my own adventures to
tell of the experiences of my brother that all through the last two
chapters I and the curate have been lurking in the empty house at
Halliford whither we fled to escape the Black Smoke. There I will
resume. We stopped there all Sunday night and all the next day
in a little island of daylight, cut off by the Black Smoke
from the rest of the world. We could do nothing but wait in aching
inactivity during those two weary days.
occupied by anxiety for my wife. I figured her at
Leatherhead, terrified, in danger, mourning me already as a dead man. I
paced the rooms and cried aloud when I thought of how I was cut off
from her, of all that might happen to her in my absence. My cousin I
knew was brave enough for any emergency, but he was not the sort of man
to realise danger quickly, to rise promptly. What was needed now was
not bravery, but circumspection. My only consolation was to believe
that the Martians were moving Londonward and M
away from her. Such vague
anxieties keep the mind sensitive and painful. I grew very weary and
irritable with the curate
s perpetual ejaculations; I tired of the
sight of his selfish despair. After some ineffectual remonstrance I
kept away from him, staying in a room
evidently a children
containing globes, forms, and copybooks. When he followed me
thither, I went to a box room at the top of the house and, in order to
be alone with my aching miseries, locked myself in.
ly hemmed in by the Black Smoke all that day and the
morning of the next. There were signs of people in the next house on
a face at a window and moving lights, and later the
slamming of a door. But I do not know who these people were, nor what
became of them. We saw nothing of them next day. The Black Smoke
drifted slowly riverward all through Monday morning, creeping nearer
and nearer to us, driving at last along the roadway outside the house
A Martian came across the fieldsM
about midday, laying the stuff with a
jet of superheated steam that hissed against the walls, smashed all the
windows it touched, and scalded the curate
s hand as he fled out of the
front room. When at last we crept across the sodden rooms and looked
out again, the country northward was as though a black snowstorm had
passed over it. Looking towards the river, we were astonished to see an
unaccountable redness mingling with the black of the scorched meadows.
For a time we did not see how this change affM
ected our position, save
that we were relieved of our fear of the Black Smoke. But later I
perceived that we were no longer hemmed in, that now we might get away.
So soon as I realised that the way of escape was open, my dream of
action returned. But the curate was lethargic, unreasonable.
I resolved to leave him
would that I had! Wiser now for the
s teaching, I sought out food and drink. I had found oil
and rags for my burns, and I M
also took a hat and a flannel shirt that I
found in one of the bedrooms. When it was clear to him that I meant to
had reconciled myself to going alone
himself to come. And all being quiet throughout the afternoon, we
started about five o
clock, as I should judge, along the blackened road
In Sunbury, and at intervals along the road, were dead bodies lying in
contorted attitudes, horses as well as men, overturned carts and
luggage, all covered thickly with blackM
dust. That pall of cindery
powder made me think of what I had read of the destruction of Pompeii.
We got to Hampton Court without misadventure, our minds full of strange
and unfamiliar appearances, and at Hampton Court our eyes were relieved
to find a patch of green that had escaped the suffocating drift. We
went through Bushey Park, with its deer going to and fro under the
chestnuts, and some men and women hurrying in the distance towards
Hampton, and so we came to Twickenham. These were the first people wM
Away across the road the woods beyond Ham and Petersham were still
afire. Twickenham was uninjured by either Heat-Ray or Black Smoke, and
there were more people about here, though none could give us news. For
the most part they were like ourselves, taking advantage of a lull to
shift their quarters. I have an impression that many of the houses here
were still occupied by scared inhabitants, too frightened even for
flight. Here too the evidence of a hasty rout was abundant along the
r most vividly three smashed bicycles in a heap, pounded
into the road by the wheels of subsequent carts. We crossed Richmond
Bridge about half past eight. We hurried across the exposed bridge, of
course, but I noticed floating down the stream a number of red masses,
some many feet across. I did not know what these were
and I put a more horrible interpretation on them than they
deserved. Here again on the Surrey side were black dust that had once
been smoke, and dead bodiesM
a heap near the approach to the station;
but we had no glimpse of the Martians until we were some way towards
We saw in the blackened distance a group of three people running down a
side street towards the river, but otherwise it seemed deserted. Up the
hill Richmond town was burning briskly; outside the town of Richmond
there was no trace of the Black Smoke.
Then suddenly, as we approached Kew, came a number of people running,
and the upperworks of a Martian fighting-machine loomed in sight M
the housetops, not a hundred yards away from us. We stood aghast at our
danger, and had the Martian looked down we must immediately have
perished. We were so terrified that we dared not go on, but turned
aside and hid in a shed in a garden. There the curate crouched, weeping
silently, and refusing to stir again.
But my fixed idea of reaching Leatherhead would not let me rest, and in
the twilight I ventured out again. I went through a shrubbery, and
along a passage beside a big house standing in its oM
emerged upon the road towards Kew. The curate I left in the shed, but
he came hurrying after me.
That second start was the most foolhardy thing I ever did. For it was
manifest the Martians were about us. No sooner had the curate overtaken
me than we saw either the fighting-machine we had seen before or
another, far away across the meadows in the direction of Kew Lodge.
Four or five little black figures hurried before it across the
green-grey of the field, and in a moment it was evident M
pursued them. In three strides he was among them, and they ran
radiating from his feet in all directions. He used no Heat-Ray to
destroy them, but picked them up one by one. Apparently he tossed them
into the great metallic carrier which projected behind him, much as a
s basket hangs over his shoulder.
It was the first time I realised that the Martians might have any other
purpose than destruction with defeated humanity. We stood for a moment
petrified, then turned and fled through M
a gate behind us into a walled
garden, fell into, rather than found, a fortunate ditch, and lay there,
scarce daring to whisper to each other until the stars were out.
I suppose it was nearly eleven o
clock before we gathered courage to
start again, no longer venturing into the road, but sneaking along
hedgerows and through plantations, and watching keenly through the
darkness, he on the right and I on the left, for the Martians, who
seemed to be all about us. In one place we blundered upon a scorched
nd blackened area, now cooling and ashen, and a number of scattered
dead bodies of men, burned horribly about the heads and trunks but with
their legs and boots mostly intact; and of dead horses, fifty feet,
perhaps, behind a line of four ripped guns and smashed gun carriages.
Sheen, it seemed, had escaped destruction, but the place was silent and
deserted. Here we happened on no dead, though the night was too dark
for us to see into the side roads of the place. In Sheen my companion
suddenly complained ofM
faintness and thirst, and we decided to try one
The first house we entered, after a little difficulty with the window,
was a small semi-detached villa, and I found nothing eatable left in
the place but some mouldy cheese. There was, however, water to drink;
and I took a hatchet, which promised to be useful in our next
We then crossed to a place where the road turns towards Mortlake. Here
there stood a white house within a walled garden, and in the pantry of
we found a store of food
two loaves of bread in a pan, an
uncooked steak, and the half of a ham. I give this catalogue so
precisely because, as it happened, we were destined to subsist upon
this store for the next fortnight. Bottled beer stood under a shelf,
and there were two bags of haricot beans and some limp lettuces. This
pantry opened into a kind of wash-up kitchen, and in this was firewood;
there was also a cupboard, in which we found nearly a dozen of
burgundy, tinned soups and salmon, and two tinM
We sat in the adjacent kitchen in the dark
for we dared not strike a
and ate bread and ham, and drank beer out of the same bottle. The
curate, who was still timorous and restless, was now, oddly enough, for
pushing on, and I was urging him to keep up his strength by eating when
the thing happened that was to imprison us.
I said, and then came a blinding glare of
vivid green light. Everything in the kitchen leaped out, clearly
visible in green anM
d black, and vanished again. And then followed such
a concussion as I have never heard before or since. So close on the
heels of this as to seem instantaneous came a thud behind me, a clash
of glass, a crash and rattle of falling masonry all about us, and the
plaster of the ceiling came down upon us, smashing into a multitude of
fragments upon our heads. I was knocked headlong across the floor
against the oven handle and stunned. I was insensible for a long time,
the curate told me, and when I came to we werM
e in darkness again, and
he, with a face wet, as I found afterwards, with blood from a cut
forehead, was dabbing water over me.
For some time I could not recollect what had happened. Then things came
to me slowly. A bruise on my temple asserted itself.
asked the curate in a whisper.
At last I answered him. I sat up.
The floor is covered with smashed crockery from
the dresser. You can
t possibly move without making a noise, and I
We both sat quite silent, so that we could scarcely hear each other
breathing. Everything seemed deadly still, but once something near us,
some plaster or broken brickwork, slid down with a rumbling sound.
Outside and very near was an intermittent, metallic rattle.
said the curate, when presently it happened again.
It was not like the Heat-Ray,
I said, and for a time I wM
to think one of the great fighting-machines had stumbled against the
house, as I had seen one stumble against the tower of Shepperton
Our situation was so strange and incomprehensible that for three or
four hours, until the dawn came, we scarcely moved. And then the light
filtered in, not through the window, which remained black, but through
a triangular aperture between a beam and a heap of broken bricks in the
wall behind us. The interior of the kitchen we now saw greyly for the
The window had been burst in by a mass of garden mould, which flowed
over the table upon which we had been sitting and lay about our feet.
Outside, the soil was banked high against the house. At the top of the
window frame we could see an uprooted drainpipe. The floor was littered
with smashed hardware; the end of the kitchen towards the house was
broken into, and since the daylight shone in there, it was evident the
greater part of the house had collapsed. Contrasting vividly with this
the neat dresser, stained in the fashion, pale green, and with
a number of copper and tin vessels below it, the wallpaper imitating
blue and white tiles, and a couple of coloured supplements fluttering
from the walls above the kitchen range.
As the dawn grew clearer, we saw through the gap in the wall the body
of a Martian, standing sentinel, I suppose, over the still glowing
cylinder. At the sight of that we crawled as circumspectly as possible
out of the twilight of the kitchen into the darkness of the sM
Abruptly the right interpretation dawned upon my mind.
the fifth shot from Mars, has
struck this house and buried us under the ruins!
For a time the curate was silent, and then he whispered:
God have mercy upon us!
I heard him presently whimpering to himself.
Save for that sound we lay quite still in the scullery; I for my part
scarce dared breathe, and sat with my eyes fixed on the faint light of
the kitchen door. I could just see theM
shape, and his collar and cuffs. Outside there began a metallic
hammering, then a violent hooting, and then again, after a quiet
interval, a hissing like the hissing of an engine. These noises, for
the most part problematical, continued intermittently, and seemed if
anything to increase in number as time wore on. Presently a measured
thudding and a vibration that made everything about us quiver and the
vessels in the pantry ring and shift, began and continued. Once the
s eclipsed, and the ghostly kitchen doorway became absolutely
dark. For many hours we must have crouched there, silent and shivering,
until our tired attention failed. . . .
At last I found myself awake and very hungry. I am inclined to believe
we must have spent the greater portion of a day before that awakening.
My hunger was at a stride so insistent that it moved me to action. I
told the curate I was going to seek food, and felt my way towards the
pantry. He made me no answer, but so soon as I began eatM
noise I made stirred him up and I heard him crawling after me.
WHAT WE SAW FROM THE RUINED HOUSE.
After eating we crept back to the scullery, and there I must have dozed
again, for when presently I looked round I was alone. The thudding
vibration continued with wearisome persistence. I whispered for the
curate several times, and at last felt my way to the door of the
kitchen. It was still daylight, and I perceived him across the room,
lying against the triangular hole that looM
ked out upon the Martians.
His shoulders were hunched, so that his head was hidden from me.
I could hear a number of noises almost like those in an engine shed;
and the place rocked with that beating thud. Through the aperture in
the wall I could see the top of a tree touched with gold and the warm
blue of a tranquil evening sky. For a minute or so I remained watching
the curate, and then I advanced, crouching and stepping with extreme
care amid the broken crockery that littered the floor.
s leg, and he started so violently that a mass of
plaster went sliding down outside and fell with a loud impact. I
gripped his arm, fearing he might cry out, and for a long time we
crouched motionless. Then I turned to see how much of our rampart
remained. The detachment of the plaster had left a vertical slit open
in the debris, and by raising myself cautiously across a beam I was
able to see out of this gap into what had been overnight a quiet
suburban roadway. Vast, indeed, was the change that wM
The fifth cylinder must have fallen right into the midst of the house
we had first visited. The building had vanished, completely smashed,
pulverised, and dispersed by the blow. The cylinder lay now far beneath
the original foundations
deep in a hole, already vastly larger than the
pit I had looked into at Woking. The earth all round it had splashed
under that tremendous impact
heaped piles that hid the masses of the adjacent houses. It had behavedM
exactly like mud under the violent blow of a hammer. Our house had
collapsed backward; the front portion, even on the ground floor, had
been destroyed completely; by a chance the kitchen and scullery had
escaped, and stood buried now under soil and ruins, closed in by tons
of earth on every side save towards the cylinder. Over that aspect we
hung now on the very edge of the great circular pit the Martians were
engaged in making. The heavy beating sound was evidently just behind
us, and ever and again a briM
ght green vapour drove up like a veil
across our peephole.
The cylinder was already opened in the centre of the pit, and on the
farther edge of the pit, amid the smashed and gravel-heaped shrubbery,
one of the great fighting-machines, deserted by its occupant, stood
stiff and tall against the evening sky. At first I scarcely noticed the
pit and the cylinder, although it has been convenient to describe them
first, on account of the extraordinary glittering mechanism I saw busy
in the excavation, and on accM
ount of the strange creatures that were
crawling slowly and painfully across the heaped mould near it.
The mechanism it certainly was that held my attention first. It was one
of those complicated fabrics that have since been called
handling-machines, and the study of which has already given such an
enormous impetus to terrestrial invention. As it dawned upon me first,
it presented a sort of metallic spider with five jointed, agile legs,
and with an extraordinary number of jointed levers, bars, and reachingM
and clutching tentacles about its body. Most of its arms were
retracted, but with three long tentacles it was fishing out a number of
rods, plates, and bars which lined the covering and apparently
strengthened the walls of the cylinder. These, as it extracted them,
were lifted out and deposited upon a level surface of earth behind it.
Its motion was so swift, complex, and perfect that at first I did not
see it as a machine, in spite of its metallic glitter. The
fighting-machines were coordinated and animM
ated to an extraordinary
pitch, but nothing to compare with this. People who have never seen
these structures, and have only the ill-imagined efforts of artists or
the imperfect descriptions of such eye-witnesses as myself to go upon,
scarcely realise that living quality.
I recall particularly the illustration of one of the first pamphlets to
give a consecutive account of the war. The artist had evidently made a
hasty study of one of the fighting-machines, and there his knowledge
ended. He presented them M
as tilted, stiff tripods, without either
flexibility or subtlety, and with an altogether misleading monotony of
effect. The pamphlet containing these renderings had a considerable
vogue, and I mention them here simply to warn the reader against the
impression they may have created. They were no more like the Martians I
saw in action than a Dutch doll is like a human being. To my mind, the
pamphlet would have been much better without them.
At first, I say, the handling-machine did not impress me as a machinM
but as a crablike creature with a glittering integument, the
controlling Martian whose delicate tentacles actuated its movements
seeming to be simply the equivalent of the crab
s cerebral portion. But
then I perceived the resemblance of its grey-brown, shiny, leathery
integument to that of the other sprawling bodies beyond, and the true
nature of this dexterous workman dawned upon me. With that realisation
my interest shifted to those other creatures, the real Martians.
Already I had had a transient imM
pression of these, and the first nausea
no longer obscured my observation. Moreover, I was concealed and
motionless, and under no urgency of action.
They were, I now saw, the most unearthly creatures it is possible to
conceive. They were huge round bodies
in diameter, each body having in front of it a face. This face had no
indeed, the Martians do not seem to have had any sense of
smell, but it had a pair of very large dark-coloured eyes, and just
his a kind of fleshy beak. In the back of this head or body
scarcely know how to speak of it
was the single tight tympanic surface,
since known to be anatomically an ear, though it must have been almost
useless in our dense air. In a group round the mouth were sixteen
slender, almost whiplike tentacles, arranged in two bunches of eight
each. These bunches have since been named rather aptly, by that
distinguished anatomist, Professor Howes, the _hands_. Even as I saw
these Martians for the first time thM
ey seemed to be endeavouring to
raise themselves on these hands, but of course, with the increased
weight of terrestrial conditions, this was impossible. There is reason
to suppose that on Mars they may have progressed upon them with some
The internal anatomy, I may remark here, as dissection has since shown,
was almost equally simple. The greater part of the structure was the
brain, sending enormous nerves to the eyes, ear, and tactile tentacles.
Besides this were the bulky lungs, into which thM
e mouth opened, and the
heart and its vessels. The pulmonary distress caused by the denser
atmosphere and greater gravitational attraction was only too evident in
the convulsive movements of the outer skin.
And this was the sum of the Martian organs. Strange as it may seem to a
human being, all the complex apparatus of digestion, which makes up the
bulk of our bodies, did not exist in the Martians. They were
merely heads. Entrails they had none. They did not eat, much less
digest. Instead, they toM
ok the fresh, living blood of other creatures,
and _injected_ it into their own veins. I have myself seen this being
done, as I shall mention in its place. But, squeamish as I may seem, I
cannot bring myself to describe what I could not endure even to
continue watching. Let it suffice to say, blood obtained from a still
living animal, in most cases from a human being, was run directly by
means of a little pipette into the recipient canal. . . .
The bare idea of this is no doubt horribly repulsive to us, buM
same time I think that we should remember how repulsive our carnivorous
habits would seem to an intelligent rabbit.
The physiological advantages of the practice of injection are
undeniable, if one thinks of the tremendous waste of human time and
energy occasioned by eating and the digestive process. Our bodies are
half made up of glands and tubes and organs, occupied in turning
heterogeneous food into blood. The digestive processes and their
reaction upon the nervous system sap our strength and cM
Men go happy or miserable as they have healthy or unhealthy livers, or
sound gastric glands. But the Martians were lifted above all these
organic fluctuations of mood and emotion.
Their undeniable preference for men as their source of nourishment is
partly explained by the nature of the remains of the victims they had
brought with them as provisions from Mars. These creatures, to judge
from the shrivelled remains that have fallen into human hands, were
bipeds with flimsy, silicious skeletM
ons (almost like those of the
silicious sponges) and feeble musculature, standing about six feet high
and having round, erect heads, and large eyes in flinty sockets. Two or
three of these seem to have been brought in each cylinder, and all were
killed before earth was reached. It was just as well for them, for the
mere attempt to stand upright upon our planet would have broken every
bone in their bodies.
And while I am engaged in this description, I may add in this place
certain further details which, alM
though they were not all evident to us
at the time, will enable the reader who is unacquainted with them to
form a clearer picture of these offensive creatures.
In three other points their physiology differed strangely from ours.
Their organisms did not sleep, any more than the heart of man sleeps.
Since they had no extensive muscular mechanism to recuperate, that
periodical extinction was unknown to them. They had little or no sense
of fatigue, it would seem. On earth they could never have moved without
effort, yet even to the last they kept in action. In twenty-four hours
they did twenty-four hours of work, as even on earth is perhaps the
In the next place, wonderful as it seems in a sexual world, the
Martians were absolutely without sex, and therefore without any of the
tumultuous emotions that arise from that difference among men. A young
Martian, there can now be no dispute, was really born upon earth during
the war, and it was found attached to its parent, partially _budded_
just as young lilybulbs bud off, or like the young animals in the
In man, in all the higher terrestrial animals, such a method of
increase has disappeared; but even on this earth it was certainly the
primitive method. Among the lower animals, up even to those first
cousins of the vertebrated animals, the Tunicates, the two processes
occur side by side, but finally the sexual method superseded its
competitor altogether. On Mars, however, just the reverse has
apparently been the case.
It is worthy of remark that a certain speculative writer of
quasi-scientific repute, writing long before the Martian invasion, did
forecast for man a final structure not unlike the actual Martian
condition. His prophecy, I remember, appeared in November or December,
1893, in a long-defunct publication, the _Pall Mall Budget_, and I
recall a caricature of it in a pre-Martian periodical called _Punch_.
writing in a foolish, facetious tone
of mechanical appliances must ulM
timately supersede limbs; the
perfection of chemical devices, digestion; that such organs as hair,
external nose, teeth, ears, and chin were no longer essential parts of
the human being, and that the tendency of natural selection would lie
in the direction of their steady diminution through the coming ages.
The brain alone remained a cardinal necessity. Only one other part of
the body had a strong case for survival, and that was the hand,
teacher and agent of the brain.
While the rest of the body dwindM
the hands would grow larger.
There is many a true word written in jest, and here in the Martians we
have beyond dispute the actual accomplishment of such a suppression of
the animal side of the organism by the intelligence. To me it is quite
credible that the Martians may be descended from beings not unlike
ourselves, by a gradual development of brain and hands (the latter
giving rise to the two bunches of delicate tentacles at last) at the
expense of the rest of the body. Without the body the brain M
course, become a mere selfish intelligence, without any of the
emotional substratum of the human being.
The last salient point in which the systems of these creatures differed
from ours was in what one might have thought a very trivial particular.
Micro-organisms, which cause so much disease and pain on earth, have
either never appeared upon Mars or Martian sanitary science eliminated
them ages ago. A hundred diseases, all the fevers and contagions of
human life, consumption, cancers, tumours anM
d such morbidities, never
enter the scheme of their life. And speaking of the differences between
the life on Mars and terrestrial life, I may allude here to the curious
suggestions of the red weed.
Apparently the vegetable kingdom in Mars, instead of having green for a
dominant colour, is of a vivid blood-red tint. At any rate, the seeds
which the Martians (intentionally or accidentally) brought with them
gave rise in all cases to red-coloured growths. Only that known
popularly as the red weed, however, M
gained any footing in competition
with terrestrial forms. The red creeper was quite a transitory growth,
and few people have seen it growing. For a time, however, the red weed
grew with astonishing vigour and luxuriance. It spread up the sides of
the pit by the third or fourth day of our imprisonment, and its
cactus-like branches formed a carmine fringe to the edges of our
triangular window. And afterwards I found it broadcast throughout the
country, and especially wherever there was a stream of water.
e Martians had what appears to have been an auditory organ, a single
round drum at the back of the head-body, and eyes with a visual range
not very different from ours except that, according to Philips, blue
and violet were as black to them. It is commonly supposed that they
communicated by sounds and tentacular gesticulations; this is asserted,
for instance, in the able but hastily compiled pamphlet (written
evidently by someone not an eye-witness of Martian actions) to which I
have already alluded, and whiM
ch, so far, has been the chief source of
information concerning them. Now no surviving human being saw so much
of the Martians in action as I did. I take no credit to myself for an
accident, but the fact is so. And I assert that I watched them closely
time after time, and that I have seen four, five, and (once) six of
them sluggishly performing the most elaborately complicated operations
together without either sound or gesture. Their peculiar hooting
invariably preceded feeding; it had no modulation, and waM
in no sense a signal, but merely the expiration of air preparatory to
the suctional operation. I have a certain claim to at least an
elementary knowledge of psychology, and in this matter I am
as firmly as I am convinced of anything
interchanged thoughts without any physical intermediation. And I have
been convinced of this in spite of strong preconceptions. Before the
Martian invasion, as an occasional reader here or there may remember, I
had written with some M
little vehemence against the telepathic theory.
The Martians wore no clothing. Their conceptions of ornament and
decorum were necessarily different from ours; and not only were they
evidently much less sensible of changes of temperature than we are, but
changes of pressure do not seem to have affected their health at all
seriously. Yet though they wore no clothing, it was in the other
artificial additions to their bodily resources that their great
superiority over man lay. We men, with our bicycles and roaM
our Lilienthal soaring-machines, our guns and sticks and so forth, are
just in the beginning of the evolution that the Martians have worked
out. They have become practically mere brains, wearing different bodies
according to their needs just as men wear suits of clothes and take a
bicycle in a hurry or an umbrella in the wet. And of their appliances,
perhaps nothing is more wonderful to a man than the curious fact that
what is the dominant feature of almost all human devices in mechanism
the _wheel_ is absent; among all the things they brought to
earth there is no trace or suggestion of their use of wheels. One would
have at least expected it in locomotion. And in this connection it is
curious to remark that even on this earth Nature has never hit upon the
wheel, or has preferred other expedients to its development. And not
only did the Martians either not know of (which is incredible), or
abstain from, the wheel, but in their apparatus singularly little use
is made of the fixed pivot or M
relatively fixed pivot, with circular
motions thereabout confined to one plane. Almost all the joints of the
machinery present a complicated system of sliding parts moving over
small but beautifully curved friction bearings. And while upon this
matter of detail, it is remarkable that the long leverages of their
machines are in most cases actuated by a sort of sham musculature of
the disks in an elastic sheath; these disks become polarised and drawn
closely and powerfully together when traversed by a current M
electricity. In this way the curious parallelism to animal motions,
which was so striking and disturbing to the human beholder, was
attained. Such quasi-muscles abounded in the crablike handling-machine
which, on my first peeping out of the slit, I watched unpacking the
cylinder. It seemed infinitely more alive than the actual Martians
lying beyond it in the sunset light, panting, stirring ineffectual
tentacles, and moving feebly after their vast journey across space.
While I was still watching their sM
luggish motions in the sunlight, and
noting each strange detail of their form, the curate reminded me of his
presence by pulling violently at my arm. I turned to a scowling face,
and silent, eloquent lips. He wanted the slit, which permitted only one
of us to peep through; and so I had to forego watching them for a time
while he enjoyed that privilege.
When I looked again, the busy handling-machine had already put together
several of the pieces of apparatus it had taken out of the cylinder
ving an unmistakable likeness to its own; and down on
the left a busy little digging mechanism had come into view, emitting
jets of green vapour and working its way round the pit, excavating and
embanking in a methodical and discriminating manner. This it was which
had caused the regular beating noise, and the rhythmic shocks that had
kept our ruinous refuge quivering. It piped and whistled as it worked.
So far as I could see, the thing was without a directing Martian at
The arrival of a second fighting-machine drove us from our peephole
into the scullery, for we feared that from his elevation the Martian
might see down upon us behind our barrier. At a later date we began to
feel less in danger of their eyes, for to an eye in the dazzle of the
sunlight outside our refuge must have been blank blackness, but at
first the slightest suggestion of approach drove us into the scullery
in heart-throbbing retreat. Yet terrible as was the danger we incurred,
on of peeping was for both of us irresistible. And I recall
now with a sort of wonder that, in spite of the infinite danger in
which we were between starvation and a still more terrible death, we
could yet struggle bitterly for that horrible privilege of sight. We
would race across the kitchen in a grotesque way between eagerness and
the dread of making a noise, and strike each other, and thrust and
kick, within a few inches of exposure.
The fact is that we had absolutely incompatible dispositions and habiM
of thought and action, and our danger and isolation only accentuated
the incompatibility. At Halliford I had already come to hate the
s trick of helpless exclamation, his stupid rigidity of mind.
His endless muttering monologue vitiated every effort I made to think
out a line of action, and drove me at times, thus pent up and
intensified, almost to the verge of craziness. He was as lacking in
restraint as a silly woman. He would weep for hours together, and I
verily believe that to the very end M
this spoiled child of life thought
his weak tears in some way efficacious. And I would sit in the darkness
unable to keep my mind off him by reason of his importunities. He ate
more than I did, and it was in vain I pointed out that our only chance
of life was to stop in the house until the Martians had done with their
pit, that in that long patience a time might presently come when we
should need food. He ate and drank impulsively in heavy meals at long
intervals. He slept little.
As the days wore on, hisM
utter carelessness of any consideration so
intensified our distress and danger that I had, much as I loathed doing
it, to resort to threats, and at last to blows. That brought him to
reason for a time. But he was one of those weak creatures, void of
mic, hateful souls, full of shifty cunning, who
face neither God nor man, who face not even themselves.
It is disagreeable for me to recall and write these things, but I set
them down that my story may lack nothing. Those who have escaped M
dark and terrible aspects of life will find my brutality, my flash of
rage in our final tragedy, easy enough to blame; for they know what is
wrong as well as any, but not what is possible to tortured men. But
those who have been under the shadow, who have gone down at last to
elemental things, will have a wider charity.
And while within we fought out our dark, dim contest of whispers,
snatched food and drink, and gripping hands and blows, without, in the
pitiless sunlight of that terrible June, was thM
e strange wonder, the
unfamiliar routine of the Martians in the pit. Let me return to those
first new experiences of mine. After a long time I ventured back to the
peephole, to find that the new-comers had been reinforced by the
occupants of no fewer than three of the fighting-machines. These last
had brought with them certain fresh appliances that stood in an orderly
manner about the cylinder. The second handling-machine was now
completed, and was busied in serving one of the novel contrivances the
hine had brought. This was a body resembling a milk can in its
general form, above which oscillated a pear-shaped receptacle, and from
which a stream of white powder flowed into a circular basin below.
The oscillatory motion was imparted to this by one tentacle of the
handling-machine. With two spatulate hands the handling-machine was
digging out and flinging masses of clay into the pear-shaped receptacle
above, while with another arm it periodically opened a door and removed
rusty and blackened clinkers fM
rom the middle part of the machine.
Another steely tentacle directed the powder from the basin along a
ribbed channel towards some receiver that was hidden from me by the
mound of bluish dust. From this unseen receiver a little thread of
green smoke rose vertically into the quiet air. As I looked, the
handling-machine, with a faint and musical clinking, extended,
telescopic fashion, a tentacle that had been a moment before a mere
blunt projection, until its end was hidden behind the mound of clay. In
r second it had lifted a bar of white aluminium into sight,
untarnished as yet, and shining dazzlingly, and deposited it in a
growing stack of bars that stood at the side of the pit. Between sunset
and starlight this dexterous machine must have made more than a hundred
such bars out of the crude clay, and the mound of bluish dust rose
steadily until it topped the side of the pit.
The contrast between the swift and complex movements of these
contrivances and the inert panting clumsiness of their masters wasM
acute, and for days I had to tell myself repeatedly that these latter
were indeed the living of the two things.
The curate had possession of the slit when the first men were brought
to the pit. I was sitting below, huddled up, listening with all my
ears. He made a sudden movement backward, and I, fearful that we were
observed, crouched in a spasm of terror. He came sliding down the
rubbish and crept beside me in the darkness, inarticulate,
gesticulating, and for a moment I shared his panic. His gesture
suggested a resignation of the slit, and after a little while my
curiosity gave me courage, and I rose up, stepped across him, and
clambered up to it. At first I could see no reason for his frantic
behaviour. The twilight had now come, the stars were little and faint,
but the pit was illuminated by the flickering green fire that came from
the aluminium-making. The whole picture was a flickering scheme of
green gleams and shifting rusty black shadows, strangely trying to the
eyes. Over and through it all wentM
the bats, heeding it not at all. The
sprawling Martians were no longer to be seen, the mound of blue-green
powder had risen to cover them from sight, and a fighting-machine, with
its legs contracted, crumpled, and abbreviated, stood across the corner
of the pit. And then, amid the clangour of the machinery, came a
drifting suspicion of human voices, that I entertained at first only to
I crouched, watching this fighting-machine closely, satisfying myself
now for the first time that the hood did iM
ndeed contain a Martian. As
the green flames lifted I could see the oily gleam of his integument
and the brightness of his eyes. And suddenly I heard a yell, and saw a
long tentacle reaching over the shoulder of the machine to the little
cage that hunched upon its back. Then something
something struggling
was lifted high against the sky, a black, vague enigma
against the starlight; and as this black object came down again, I saw
by the green brightness that it was a man. For an instant he was
clearly visible. He was a stout, ruddy, middle-aged man, well dressed;
three days before, he must have been walking the world, a man of
considerable consequence. I could see his staring eyes and gleams of
light on his studs and watch chain. He vanished behind the mound, and
for a moment there was silence. And then began a shrieking and a
sustained and cheerful hooting from the Martians.
I slid down the rubbish, struggled to my feet, clapped my hands over my
ears, and bolted into the scullery. The curate, wM
ho had been crouching
silently with his arms over his head, looked up as I passed, cried out
quite loudly at my desertion of him, and came running after me.
That night, as we lurked in the scullery, balanced between our horror
and the terrible fascination this peeping had, although I felt an
urgent need of action I tried in vain to conceive some plan of escape;
but afterwards, during the second day, I was able to consider our
position with great clearness. The curate, I found, was quite incapable
ssion; this new and culminating atrocity had robbed him of all
vestiges of reason or forethought. Practically he had already sunk to
the level of an animal. But as the saying goes, I gripped myself with
both hands. It grew upon my mind, once I could face the facts, that
terrible as our position was, there was as yet no justification for
absolute despair. Our chief chance lay in the possibility of the
Martians making the pit nothing more than a temporary encampment. Or
even if they kept it permanently, they mM
ight not consider it necessary
to guard it, and a chance of escape might be afforded us. I also
weighed very carefully the possibility of our digging a way out in a
direction away from the pit, but the chances of our emerging within
sight of some sentinel fighting-machine seemed at first too great. And
I should have had to do all the digging myself. The curate would
certainly have failed me.
It was on the third day, if my memory serves me right, that I saw the
lad killed. It was the only occasion on whichM
Martians feed. After that experience I avoided the hole in the wall for
the better part of a day. I went into the scullery, removed the door,
and spent some hours digging with my hatchet as silently as possible;
but when I had made a hole about a couple of feet deep the loose earth
collapsed noisily, and I did not dare continue. I lost heart, and lay
down on the scullery floor for a long time, having no spirit even to
move. And after that I abandoned altogether the idea of escaping by
It says much for the impression the Martians had made upon me that at
first I entertained little or no hope of our escape being brought about
by their overthrow through any human effort. But on the fourth or fifth
night I heard a sound like heavy guns.
It was very late in the night, and the moon was shining brightly. The
Martians had taken away the excavating-machine, and, save for a
fighting-machine that stood in the remoter bank of the pit and a
handling-machine that was buried out of my sigM
ht in a corner of the pit
immediately beneath my peephole, the place was deserted by them. Except
for the pale glow from the handling-machine and the bars and patches of
white moonlight the pit was in darkness, and, except for the clinking
of the handling-machine, quite still. That night was a beautiful
serenity; save for one planet, the moon seemed to have the sky to
herself. I heard a dog howling, and that familiar sound it was that
made me listen. Then I heard quite distinctly a booming exactly like
sound of great guns. Six distinct reports I counted, and after a
long interval six again. And that was all.
THE DEATH OF THE CURATE.
It was on the sixth day of our imprisonment that I peeped for the last
time, and presently found myself alone. Instead of keeping close to me
and trying to oust me from the slit, the curate had gone back into the
scullery. I was struck by a sudden thought. I went back quickly and
quietly into the scullery. In the darkness I heard the curate drinking.
d in the darkness, and my fingers caught a bottle of burgundy.
For a few minutes there was a tussle. The bottle struck the floor and
broke, and I desisted and rose. We stood panting and threatening each
other. In the end I planted myself between him and the food, and told
him of my determination to begin a discipline. I divided the food in
the pantry, into rations to last us ten days. I would not let him eat
any more that day. In the afternoon he made a feeble effort to get at
the food. I had been dozing, M
but in an instant I was awake. All day and
all night we sat face to face, I weary but resolute, and he weeping and
complaining of his immediate hunger. It was, I know, a night and a day,
an interminable length of time.
And so our widened incompatibility ended at last in open conflict. For
two vast days we struggled in undertones and wrestling contests. There
were times when I beat and kicked him madly, times when I cajoled and
persuaded him, and once I tried to bribe hiM
m with the last bottle of
burgundy, for there was a rain-water pump from which I could get water.
But neither force nor kindness availed; he was indeed beyond reason. He
would neither desist from his attacks on the food nor from his noisy
babbling to himself. The rudimentary precautions to keep our
imprisonment endurable he would not observe. Slowly I began to realise
the complete overthrow of his intelligence, to perceive that my sole
companion in this close and sickly darkness was a man insane.
tain vague memories I am inclined to think my own mind wandered
at times. I had strange and hideous dreams whenever I slept. It sounds
paradoxical, but I am inclined to think that the weakness and insanity
of the curate warned me, braced me, and kept me a sane man.
On the eighth day he began to talk aloud instead of whispering, and
nothing I could do would moderate his speech.
he would say, over and over again.
me and mine be the punishment laid. We have sinned,M
short. There was poverty, sorrow; the poor were trodden in the dust,
and I held my peace. I preached acceptable folly
when I should have stood up, though I died for it, and called
repent! . . . Oppressors of the poor and needy . .
. ! The wine press of God!
Then he would suddenly revert to the matter of the food I withheld from
him, praying, begging, weeping, at last threatening. He began to raise
I prayed him not to. He perceiveM
he would shout and bring the Martians upon us. For a time that scared
me; but any concession would have shortened our chance of escape beyond
estimating. I defied him, although I felt no assurance that he might
not do this thing. But that day, at any rate, he did not. He talked
with his voice rising slowly, through the greater part of the eighth
threats, entreaties, mingled with a torrent of half-sane
and always frothy repentance for his vacant sham of God
as made me pity him. Then he slept awhile, and began again with renewed
strength, so loudly that I must needs make him desist.
He rose to his knees, for he had been sitting in the darkness near the
I have been still too long,
he said, in a tone that must have reached
and now I must bear my witness. Woe unto this unfaithful
city! Woe! Woe! Woe! Woe! Woe! To the inhabitants of the earth by
reason of the other voices of the trumpet
I said, rising to my feet, and in a terror lest the Martians
shouted the curate, at the top of his voice, standing likewise
and extending his arms.
Speak! The word of the Lord is upon me!
In three strides he was at the door leading into the kitchen.
I must bear my witness! I go! It has already been too long delayed.
I put out my hand and felt the meat chopper hanging to the wall. In a
flash I was after him. I wM
as fierce with fear. Before he was halfway
across the kitchen I had overtaken him. With one last touch of humanity
I turned the blade back and struck him with the butt. He went headlong
forward and lay stretched on the ground. I stumbled over him and stood
panting. He lay still.
Suddenly I heard a noise without, the run and smash of slipping
plaster, and the triangular aperture in the wall was darkened. I looked
up and saw the lower surface of a handling-machine coming slowly across
the hole. One of its gM
ripping limbs curled amid the debris; another
limb appeared, feeling its way over the fallen beams. I stood
petrified, staring. Then I saw through a sort of glass plate near the
edge of the body the face, as we may call it, and the large dark eyes
of a Martian, peering, and then a long metallic snake of tentacle came
feeling slowly through the hole.
I turned by an effort, stumbled over the curate, and stopped at the
scullery door. The tentacle was now some way, two yards or more, in the
and turning, with queer sudden movements, this way
and that. For a while I stood fascinated by that slow, fitful advance.
Then, with a faint, hoarse cry, I forced myself across the scullery. I
trembled violently; I could scarcely stand upright. I opened the door
of the coal cellar, and stood there in the darkness staring at the
faintly lit doorway into the kitchen, and listening. Had the Martian
seen me? What was it doing now?
Something was moving to and fro there, very quietly; every now and then
ped against the wall, or started on its movements with a faint
metallic ringing, like the movements of keys on a split-ring. Then a
I knew too well what
was dragged across the floor of the
kitchen towards the opening. Irresistibly attracted, I crept to the
door and peeped into the kitchen. In the triangle of bright outer
sunlight I saw the Martian, in its Briareus of a handling-machine,
scrutinizing the curate
s head. I thought at once that it would infer
my presence from the mark of the bloM
I crept back to the coal cellar, shut the door, and began to cover
myself up as much as I could, and as noiselessly as possible in the
darkness, among the firewood and coal therein. Every now and then I
paused, rigid, to hear if the Martian had thrust its tentacles through
Then the faint metallic jingle returned. I traced it slowly feeling
over the kitchen. Presently I heard it nearer
in the scullery, as I
judged. I thought that its length might be insufficient toM
prayed copiously. It passed, scraping faintly across the cellar door.
An age of almost intolerable suspense intervened; then I heard it
fumbling at the latch! It had found the door! The Martians understood
It worried at the catch for a minute, perhaps, and then the door
In the darkness I could just see the thing
more than anything else
waving towards me and touching and examining
the wall, coals, wood and ceiling. It was like a black worm swayiM
blind head to and fro.
Once, even, it touched the heel of my boot. I was on the verge of
screaming; I bit my hand. For a time the tentacle was silent. I could
have fancied it had been withdrawn. Presently, with an abrupt click, it
I thought it had me!
and seemed to go out of the
cellar again. For a minute I was not sure. Apparently it had taken a
lump of coal to examine.
I seized the opportunity of slightly shifting my position, which had
become cramped, and then listened. M
I whispered passionate prayers for
Then I heard the slow, deliberate sound creeping towards me again.
Slowly, slowly it drew near, scratching against the walls and tapping
While I was still doubtful, it rapped smartly against the cellar door
and closed it. I heard it go into the pantry, and the biscuit-tins
rattled and a bottle smashed, and then came a heavy bump against the
cellar door. Then silence that passed into an infinity of suspense.
At last I decided thM
It came into the scullery no more; but I lay all the tenth day in the
close darkness, buried among coals and firewood, not daring even to
crawl out for the drink for which I craved. It was the eleventh day
before I ventured so far from my security.
My first act before I went into the pantry was to fasten the door
between the kitchen and the scullery. But the pantry was empty; every
scrap of food had gone. Apparently, the Martian had taken it all on the
ay. At that discovery I despaired for the first time. I took
no food, or no drink either, on the eleventh or the twelfth day.
At first my mouth and throat were parched, and my strength ebbed
sensibly. I sat about in the darkness of the scullery, in a state of
despondent wretchedness. My mind ran on eating. I thought I had become
deaf, for the noises of movement I had been accustomed to hear from the
pit had ceased absolutely. I did not feel strong enough to crawl
noiselessly to the peephole, or I would havM
On the twelfth day my throat was so painful that, taking the chance of
alarming the Martians, I attacked the creaking rain-water pump that
stood by the sink, and got a couple of glassfuls of blackened and
tainted rain water. I was greatly refreshed by this, and emboldened by
the fact that no enquiring tentacle followed the noise of my pumping.
During these days, in a rambling, inconclusive way, I thought much of
the curate and of the manner of his death.
On the thirteenth day I drank somM
e more water, and dozed and thought
disjointedly of eating and of vague impossible plans of escape.
Whenever I dozed I dreamt of horrible phantasms, of the death of the
curate, or of sumptuous dinners; but, asleep or awake, I felt a keen
pain that urged me to drink again and again. The light that came into
the scullery was no longer grey, but red. To my disordered imagination
it seemed the colour of blood.
On the fourteenth day I went into the kitchen, and I was surprised to
find that the fronds of the reM
d weed had grown right across the hole in
the wall, turning the half-light of the place into a crimson-coloured
It was early on the fifteenth day that I heard a curious, familiar
sequence of sounds in the kitchen, and, listening, identified it as the
snuffing and scratching of a dog. Going into the kitchen, I saw a dog
nose peering in through a break among the ruddy fronds. This greatly
surprised me. At the scent of me he barked shortly.
I thought if I could induce him to come into the plM
ace quietly I should
be able, perhaps, to kill and eat him; and in any case, it would be
advisable to kill him, lest his actions attracted the attention of the
I crept forward, saying
very softly; but he suddenly
withdrew his head and disappeared.
but certainly the pit was still. I heard a
sound like the flutter of a bird
s wings, and a hoarse croaking, but
For a long while I lay close to the peephole, but not daring to move
de the red plants that obscured it. Once or twice I heard a faint
pitter-patter like the feet of the dog going hither and thither on the
sand far below me, and there were more birdlike sounds, but that was
all. At length, encouraged by the silence, I looked out.
Except in the corner, where a multitude of crows hopped and fought over
the skeletons of the dead the Martians had consumed, there was not a
living thing in the pit.
I stared about me, scarcely believing my eyes. All the machinery had
for the big mound of greyish-blue powder in one corner,
certain bars of aluminium in another, the black birds, and the
skeletons of the killed, the place was merely an empty circular pit in
Slowly I thrust myself out through the red weed, and stood upon the
mound of rubble. I could see in any direction save behind me, to the
north, and neither Martians nor sign of Martians were to be seen. The
pit dropped sheerly from my feet, but a little way along the rubbish
afforded a practicable slope to tM
he summit of the ruins. My chance of
escape had come. I began to tremble.
I hesitated for some time, and then, in a gust of desperate resolution,
and with a heart that throbbed violently, I scrambled to the top of the
mound in which I had been buried so long.
I looked about again. To the northward, too, no Martian was visible.
When I had last seen this part of Sheen in the daylight it had been a
straggling street of comfortable white and red houses, interspersed
with abundant shady trees. Now I stood M
on a mound of smashed brickwork,
clay, and gravel, over which spread a multitude of red cactus-shaped
plants, knee-high, without a solitary terrestrial growth to dispute
their footing. The trees near me were dead and brown, but further a
network of red thread scaled the still living stems.
The neighbouring houses had all been wrecked, but none had been burned;
their walls stood, sometimes to the second story, with smashed windows
and shattered doors. The red weed grew tumultuously in their roofless
Below me was the great pit, with the crows struggling for its
refuse. A number of other birds hopped about among the ruins. Far away
I saw a gaunt cat slink crouchingly along a wall, but traces of men
The day seemed, by contrast with my recent confinement, dazzlingly
bright, the sky a glowing blue. A gentle breeze kept the red weed that
covered every scrap of unoccupied ground gently swaying. And oh! the
sweetness of the air!
THE WORK OF FIFTEEN DAYS.
ood tottering on the mound regardless of my safety.
Within that noisome den from which I had emerged I had thought with a
narrow intensity only of our immediate security. I had not realised
what had been happening to the world, had not anticipated this
startling vision of unfamiliar things. I had expected to see Sheen in
I found about me the landscape, weird and lurid, of another
For that moment I touched an emotion beyond the common range of men,
yet one that the poor brutes we dominate kM
now only too well. I felt as
a rabbit might feel returning to his burrow and suddenly confronted by
the work of a dozen busy navvies digging the foundations of a house. I
felt the first inkling of a thing that presently grew quite clear in my
mind, that oppressed me for many days, a sense of dethronement, a
persuasion that I was no longer a master, but an animal among the
animals, under the Martian heel. With us it would be as with them, to
lurk and watch, to run and hide; the fear and empire of man had passM
But so soon as this strangeness had been realised it passed, and my
dominant motive became the hunger of my long and dismal fast. In the
direction away from the pit I saw, beyond a red-covered wall, a patch
of garden ground unburied. This gave me a hint, and I went knee-deep,
and sometimes neck-deep, in the red weed. The density of the weed gave
me a reassuring sense of hiding. The wall was some six feet high, and
when I attempted to clamber it I found I could not lift my feet to the
went along by the side of it, and came to a corner and a
rockwork that enabled me to get to the top, and tumble into the garden
I coveted. Here I found some young onions, a couple of gladiolus bulbs,
and a quantity of immature carrots, all of which I secured, and,
scrambling over a ruined wall, went on my way through scarlet and
crimson trees towards Kew
it was like walking through an avenue of
gigantic blood drops
possessed with two ideas: to get more food, and to
limp, as soon and as far as my strengtM
h permitted, out of this accursed
unearthly region of the pit.
Some way farther, in a grassy place, was a group of mushrooms which
also I devoured, and then I came upon a brown sheet of flowing shallow
water, where meadows used to be. These fragments of nourishment served
only to whet my hunger. At first I was surprised at this flood in a
hot, dry summer, but afterwards I discovered that it was caused by the
tropical exuberance of the red weed. Directly this extraordinary growth
encountered water it straiM
ghtway became gigantic and of unparalleled
fecundity. Its seeds were simply poured down into the water of the Wey
and Thames, and its swiftly growing and Titanic water fronds speedily
choked both those rivers.
At Putney, as I afterwards saw, the bridge was almost lost in a tangle
of this weed, and at Richmond, too, the Thames water poured in a broad
and shallow stream across the meadows of Hampton and Twickenham. As the
water spread the weed followed them, until the ruined villas of the
for a time lost in this red swamp, whose margin I
explored, and much of the desolation the Martians had caused was
In the end the red weed succumbed almost as quickly as it had spread. A
cankering disease, due, it is believed, to the action of certain
bacteria, presently seized upon it. Now by the action of natural
selection, all terrestrial plants have acquired a resisting power
against bacterial diseases
they never succumb without a severe
struggle, but the red weed rotted like a thing alrM
eady dead. The fronds
became bleached, and then shrivelled and brittle. They broke off at the
least touch, and the waters that had stimulated their early growth
carried their last vestiges out to sea.
My first act on coming to this water was, of course, to slake my
thirst. I drank a great deal of it and, moved by an impulse, gnawed
some fronds of red weed; but they were watery, and had a sickly,
metallic taste. I found the water was sufficiently shallow for me to
wade securely, although the red weed impedM
ed my feet a little; but the
flood evidently got deeper towards the river, and I turned back to
Mortlake. I managed to make out the road by means of occasional ruins
of its villas and fences and lamps, and so presently I got out of this
spate and made my way to the hill going up towards Roehampton and came
out on Putney Common.
Here the scenery changed from the strange and unfamiliar to the
wreckage of the familiar: patches of ground exhibited the devastation
of a cyclone, and in a few score yards I wouldM
come upon perfectly
undisturbed spaces, houses with their blinds trimly drawn and doors
closed, as if they had been left for a day by the owners, or as if
their inhabitants slept within. The red weed was less abundant; the
tall trees along the lane were free from the red creeper. I hunted for
food among the trees, finding nothing, and I also raided a couple of
silent houses, but they had already been broken into and ransacked. I
rested for the remainder of the daylight in a shrubbery, being, in my
d condition, too fatigued to push on.
All this time I saw no human beings, and no signs of the Martians. I
encountered a couple of hungry-looking dogs, but both hurried
circuitously away from the advances I made them. Near Roehampton I had
seen two human skeletons
not bodies, but skeletons, picked clean
the wood by me I found the crushed and scattered bones of several cats
and rabbits and the skull of a sheep. But though I gnawed parts of
these in my mouth, there was nothing to be got from them.M
After sunset I struggled on along the road towards Putney, where I
think the Heat-Ray must have been used for some reason. And in the
garden beyond Roehampton I got a quantity of immature potatoes,
sufficient to stay my hunger. From this garden one looked down upon
Putney and the river. The aspect of the place in the dusk was
singularly desolate: blackened trees, blackened, desolate ruins, and
down the hill the sheets of the flooded river, red-tinged with the
silence. It filled me wiM
th indescribable terror to
think how swiftly that desolating change had come.
For a time I believed that mankind had been swept out of existence, and
that I stood there alone, the last man left alive. Hard by the top of
Putney Hill I came upon another skeleton, with the arms dislocated and
removed several yards from the rest of the body. As I proceeded I
became more and more convinced that the extermination of mankind was,
save for such stragglers as myself, already accomplished in this part
The Martians, I thought, had gone on and left the country
desolated, seeking food elsewhere. Perhaps even now they were
destroying Berlin or Paris, or it might be they had gone northward.
THE MAN ON PUTNEY HILL.
I spent that night in the inn that stands at the top of Putney Hill,
sleeping in a made bed for the first time since my flight to
Leatherhead. I will not tell the needless trouble I had breaking into
afterwards I found the front door was on the latch
cked every room for food, until just on the verge of despair, in
what seemed to me to be a servant
s bedroom, I found a rat-gnawed crust
and two tins of pineapple. The place had been already searched and
emptied. In the bar I afterwards found some biscuits and sandwiches
that had been overlooked. The latter I could not eat, they were too
rotten, but the former not only stayed my hunger, but filled my
pockets. I lit no lamps, fearing some Martian might come beating that
part of London for food in the night.M
Before I went to bed I had an
interval of restlessness, and prowled from window to window, peering
out for some sign of these monsters. I slept little. As I lay in bed I
found myself thinking consecutively
a thing I do not remember to have
done since my last argument with the curate. During all the intervening
time my mental condition had been a hurrying succession of vague
emotional states or a sort of stupid receptivity. But in the night my
brain, reinforced, I suppose, by the food I had eaten, grew cleM
again, and I thought.
Three things struggled for possession of my mind: the killing of the
curate, the whereabouts of the Martians, and the possible fate of my
wife. The former gave me no sensation of horror or remorse to recall; I
saw it simply as a thing done, a memory infinitely disagreeable but
quite without the quality of remorse. I saw myself then as I see myself
now, driven step by step towards that hasty blow, the creature of a
sequence of accidents leading inevitably to that. I felt no
nation; yet the memory, static, unprogressive, haunted me. In the
silence of the night, with that sense of the nearness of God that
sometimes comes into the stillness and the darkness, I stood my trial,
my only trial, for that moment of wrath and fear. I retraced every step
of our conversation from the moment when I had found him crouching
beside me, heedless of my thirst, and pointing to the fire and smoke
that streamed up from the ruins of Weybridge. We had been incapable of
taken no heed of that. Had I foreseen, I
should have left him at Halliford. But I did not foresee; and crime is
to foresee and do. And I set this down as I have set all this story
down, as it was. There were no witnesses
all these things I might have
concealed. But I set it down, and the reader must form his judgment as
And when, by an effort, I had set aside that picture of a prostrate
body, I faced the problem of the Martians and the fate of my wife. For
the former I had no data; I could imagM
ine a hundred things, and so,
unhappily, I could for the latter. And suddenly that night became
terrible. I found myself sitting up in bed, staring at the dark. I
found myself praying that the Heat-Ray might have suddenly and
painlessly struck her out of being. Since the night of my return from
Leatherhead I had not prayed. I had uttered prayers, fetish prayers,
had prayed as heathens mutter charms when I was in extremity; but now I
prayed indeed, pleading steadfastly and sanely, face to face with the
ess of God. Strange night! Strangest in this, that so soon as dawn
had come, I, who had talked with God, crept out of the house like a rat
leaving its hiding place
a creature scarcely larger, an inferior
animal, a thing that for any passing whim of our masters might be
hunted and killed. Perhaps they also prayed confidently to God. Surely,
if we have learned nothing else, this war has taught us pity
those witless souls that suffer our dominion.
The morning was bright and fine, and the eastern M
sky glowed pink, and
was fretted with little golden clouds. In the road that runs from the
top of Putney Hill to Wimbledon was a number of poor vestiges of the
panic torrent that must have poured Londonward on the Sunday night
after the fighting began. There was a little two-wheeled cart inscribed
with the name of Thomas Lobb, Greengrocer, New Malden, with a smashed
wheel and an abandoned tin trunk; there was a straw hat trampled into
the now hardened mud, and at the top of West Hill a lot of
glass about the overturned water trough. My movements
were languid, my plans of the vaguest. I had an idea of going to
Leatherhead, though I knew that there I had the poorest chance of
finding my wife. Certainly, unless death had overtaken them suddenly,
my cousins and she would have fled thence; but it seemed to me I might
find or learn there whither the Surrey people had fled. I knew I wanted
to find my wife, that my heart ached for her and the world of men, but
I had no clear idea how the finding might beM
done. I was also sharply
aware now of my intense loneliness. From the corner I went, under cover
of a thicket of trees and bushes, to the edge of Wimbledon Common,
stretching wide and far.
That dark expanse was lit in patches by yellow gorse and broom; there
was no red weed to be seen, and as I prowled, hesitating, on the verge
of the open, the sun rose, flooding it all with light and vitality. I
came upon a busy swarm of little frogs in a swampy place among the
trees. I stopped to look at them, drawing M
a lesson from their stout
resolve to live. And presently, turning suddenly, with an odd feeling
of being watched, I beheld something crouching amid a clump of bushes.
I stood regarding this. I made a step towards it, and it rose up and
became a man armed with a cutlass. I approached him slowly. He stood
silent and motionless, regarding me.
As I drew nearer I perceived he was dressed in clothes as dusty and
filthy as my own; he looked, indeed, as though he had been dragged
through a culvert. Nearer, I distM
inguished the green slime of ditches
mixing with the pale drab of dried clay and shiny, coaly patches. His
black hair fell over his eyes, and his face was dark and dirty and
sunken, so that at first I did not recognise him. There was a red cut
across the lower part of his face.
he cried, when I was within ten yards of him, and I stopped.
His voice was hoarse.
Where do you come from?
I thought, surveying him.
I come from Mortlake,
I was buried near the pit thM
made about their cylinder. I have worked my way out and escaped.
There is no food about here,
This is my country. All this
hill down to the river, and back to Clapham, and up to the edge of the
common. There is only food for one. Which way are you going?
I have been buried in the ruins of a house
thirteen or fourteen days. I don
t know what has happened.
He looked at me doubtfully, then started, and looked wiM
ve no wish to stop about here,
I think I shall go to
Leatherhead, for my wife was there.
He shot out a pointing finger.
the man from Woking. And you weren
I recognised him at the same moment.
You are the artilleryman who came into my garden.
We are lucky ones! Fancy _you_!
hand, and I took it.
I crawled up a drain,
kill everyone. And after they went away I got off towards Walton across
s not sixteen days altogether
He looked over his shoulder suddenly.
One gets to know that birds have shadows these days. This is a bit
open. Let us crawl under those bushes and talk.
Have you seen any Martians?
ve gone away across London,
igger camp there. Of a night, all over there, Hampstead way, the sky
is alive with their lights. It
s like a great city, and in the glare
you can just see them moving. By daylight you can
(he counted on his fingers)
five days. Then I saw
a couple across Hammersmith way carrying something big. And the night
he stopped and spoke impressively
it was just a matter of
lights, but it was something up in the air. I believe they
ying-machine, and are learning to fly.
I stopped, on hands and knees, for we had come to the bushes.
I went on into a little bower, and sat down.
It is all over with humanity,
If they can do that they will
simply go round the world.
It will relieve things over here a bit. And
t you satisfied it _is_ up with
I stared. Strange as it may seem, I had not arrived at this fact
perfectly obvious so soon as he spoke. I had still held a vague hope;
rather, I had kept a lifelong habit of mind. He repeated his words,
They carried absolute conviction.
just _one_. And they
made their footing good and crippled the greatest power in the world.
ve walked over us. The death of that one at Weybridge was an
ese are only pioneers. They kept on coming. These green
ve seen none these five or six days, but I
falling somewhere every night. Nothing
I made him no answer. I sat staring before me, trying in vain to devise
some countervailing thought.
said the artilleryman.
It never was a war, any
s war between man and ants.
Suddenly I recalled the night in the observatory.
ter the tenth shot they fired no more
at least, until the first
said the artilleryman. I explained. He thought.
Something wrong with the gun,
But what if there is? They
get it right again. And even if there
s a delay, how can it alter the
s just men and ants. There
s the ants builds their cities, live
their lives, have wars, revolutions, until the men want them out of the
way, and then they go out of the way. That
We sat looking at each other.
And what will they do with us?
thinking. After Weybridge I went south
thinking. I saw what was up.
Most of the people were hard at it squealing and exciting themselves.
m not so fond of squealing. I
ve been in sight of death once or
m not an ornamental soldier, and at theM
s just death. And it
s the man that keeps on thinking comes
through. I saw everyone tracking away south. Says I,
and I turned right back. I went for the Martians like a
sparrow goes for man. All round
he waved a hand to the
re starving in heaps, bolting, treading on each other. .
He saw my face, and halted awkwardly.
No doubt lots who had money have gone away to France,
whether to apologise, met my eyes, and went on:
s food all about here. Canned things in shops; wines, spirits,
mineral waters; and the water mains and drains are empty. Well, I was
telling you what I was thinking.
s intelligent things,
and it seems they want us for food. First, they
machines, guns, cities, all the order and organisation. All that will
go. If we were the size of ants we might pull through. But we
s all too bulky to sM
s the first certainty.
ve thought it out. Very well, then
re wanted. A Martian has only to go a few miles to get a
crowd on the run. And I saw one, one day, out by Wandsworth, picking
houses to pieces and routing among the wreckage. But they won
doing that. So soon as they
ve settled all our guns and ships, and
smashed our railways, and done all the things they are doing over
there, they will begin caM
tching us systematic, picking the best and
storing us in cages and things. That
s what they will start doing in a
bit. Lord! They haven
t begun on us yet. Don
s happened so far is through our not having the
worrying them with guns and such foolery. And
losing our heads, and rushing off in crowds to where there wasn
more safety than where we were. They don
t want to bother us yet.
making all the things they couldn
with them, getting things ready for the rest of their people. Very
s why the cylinders have stopped for a bit, for fear of
hitting those who are here. And instead of our rushing about blind, on
the howl, or getting dynamite on the chance of busting them up, we
got to fix ourselves up according to the new state of affairs. That
how I figure it out. It isn
t quite according to what a man wants for
out what the facts point to. And that
principle I acted upon. Cities, nations, civilisation, progress
But if that is so, what is there to live for?
The artilleryman looked at me for a moment.
t be any more blessed concerts for a million years or so;
t be any Royal Academy of Arts, and no nice little feeds at
re after, I reckon the game is up.
-room manners or a dislike to eating peas with
a knife or dropping aitches, you
I mean that men like me are going on living
for the sake of the breed.
m grim set on living. And if I
show what insides _you
ve_ got, too, before long. We aren
exterminated. And I don
t mean to be caught either, and tamed and
fattened and bred like a thundering ox. Ugh! Fancy tM
m going on, under their feet. I
ve got it planned; I
thought it out. We men are beat. We don
ve got a chance. And we
ve got to live and keep
independent while we learn. See! That
s what has to be done.
I stared, astonished, and stirred profoundly by the man
But you are a man indeed!
he said, with his eyes shining.
ve thought it out, eh?
Well, those who mean to escape their catching must get ready. I
getting ready. Mind you, it isn
t all of us that are made for wild
s why I watched you. I had
t know that it was you, you see, or
d been buried. All these
the sort of people that lived in
these houses, and all those damn little clerM
ks that used to live down
d be no good. They haven
t any spirit in them
dreams and no proud lusts; and a man who hasn
What is he but funk and precautions? They just used to skedaddle off to
ve seen hundreds of
em, bit of breakfast in hand, running wild
and shining to catch their little season-ticket train, for fear they
get dismissed if they didn
t; working at businesses they were afraid to
take the trouble to understand; skedaM
ddling back for fear they wouldn
be in time for dinner; keeping indoors after dinner for fear of the
back streets, and sleeping with the wives they married, not because
they wanted them, but because they had a bit of money that would make
for safety in their one little miserable skedaddle through the world.
Lives insured and a bit invested for fear of accidents. And on
fear of the hereafter. As if hell was built for rabbits! Well,
the Martians will just be a godsend to these. Nice roomy cages,
fattening food, careful breeding, no worry. After a week or so chasing
about the fields and lands on empty stomachs, they
caught cheerful. They
ll be quite glad after a bit. They
people did before there were Martians to take care of them. And the bar
loafers, and mashers, and singers
I can imagine them. I can imagine
he said, with a sort of sombre gratification.
amount of sentiment and religion loose among them. There
I saw with my eyes that I
ve only begun to see clearly these
last few days. There
s lots will take things as they are
stupid; and lots will be worried by a sort of feeling that it
wrong, and that they ought to be doing something. Now whenever things
are so that a lot of people feel they ought to be doing something, the
weak, and those who go weak with a lot of complicated thinking, always
make for a sort of do-nothing religion, very pious and superior, and
submit to persecution and theM
will of the Lord. Very likely you
s energy in a gale of funk, and turned clean inside
out. These cages will be full of psalms and hymns and piety. And those
of a less simple sort will work in a bit of
Very likely these Martians will make pets of some of them; train them
get sentimental over the pet boy who grew up
and had to be killed. And some, maybe, they will train to hunt us.
s impossible! No human being
s the good of going on with such lies?
said the artilleryman.
d do it cheerful. What nonsense to pretend there
And I succumbed to his conviction.
If they come after me,
Lord, if they come after me!
subsided into a grim meditation.
I sat contemplating these things. I could find nothing to bring against
s reasoning. In the days before the invasion no one would have
estioned my intellectual superiority to his
recognised writer on philosophical themes, and he, a common soldier;
and yet he had already formulated a situation that I had scarcely
What plans have you made?
What have we to do? We have to invent
a sort of life where men can live and breed, and be sufficiently secure
to bring the children up. Yes
make it clearer what
I think ought to be done. The tame ones will go like all tame beasts;
in a few generations they
ll be big, beautiful, rich-blooded,
rubbish! The risk is that we who keep wild will go
degenerate into a sort of big, savage rat. . . . You see, how I
mean to live is underground. I
ve been thinking about the drains. Of
course those who don
t know drains think horrible things; but under
this London are miles and miles
on empty will leave them sweet and clean. The main drains are
big enough and airy enough for anyone. Then there
stores, from which bolting passages may be made to the drains. And the
railway tunnels and subways. Eh? You begin to see? And we form a
able-bodied, clean-minded men. We
re not going to pick up any
rubbish that drifts in. Weaklings go out again.
As you meant me to go?
t quarrel about that. Go on.
Those who stop obey orders. Able-bodied, clean-minded women we want
mothers and teachers. No lackadaisical ladies
t have any weak or silly. Life is real again, and the
useless and cumbersome and mischievous have to die. They ought to die.
They ought to be willing to die. It
s a sort of disloyalty, after all,
to live and taint the race. And they can
t be happy. Moreover, dying
none so dreadful; it
s the funking makes it bad. And in all those
l gather. Our district will be London. And we may even be
able to keep a watch, and run about in the open when the Martians keep
away. Play cricket, perhaps. That
s how we shall save the race. Eh?
s a possible thing? But saving the race is nothing in itself. As I
s only being rats. It
s saving our knowledge and adding to it
is the thing. There men like you come in. There
models. We must make great safe places down deep, and get all the books
we can; not novels and poM
etry swipes, but ideas, science books. That
where men like you come in. We must go to the British Museum and pick
all those books through. Especially we must keep up our science
more. We must watch these Martians. Some of us must go as spies. When
s all working, perhaps I will. Get caught, I mean. And the great
thing is, we must leave the Martians alone. We mustn
we get in their way, we clear out. We must show them we mean no harm.
Yes, I know. But they
down if they have all they want, and think we
re just harmless vermin.
The artilleryman paused and laid a brown hand upon my arm.
After all, it may not be so much we may have to learn before
imagine this: four or five of their fighting machines suddenly starting
Heat-Rays right and left, and not a Martian in
men who have learned the way how. It may be in my time,
those men. Fancy having one of them lovely M
Heat-Ray wide and free! Fancy having it in control! What would it
matter if you smashed to smithereens at the end of the run, after a
bust like that? I reckon the Martians
ll open their beautiful eyes!
t you see them, man? Can
t you see them hurrying, hurrying
and blowing and hooting to their other mechanical affairs? Something
out of gear in every case. And swish, bang, rattle, swish! Just as they
are fumbling over it, _swish_ comes the Heat-Ray, and, behold! man has
For a while the imaginative daring of the artilleryman, and the tone of
assurance and courage he assumed, completely dominated my mind. I
believed unhesitatingly both in his forecast of human destiny and in
the practicability of his astonishing scheme, and the reader who thinks
me susceptible and foolish must contrast his position, reading steadily
with all his thoughts about his subject, and mine, crouching fearfully
in the bushes and listening, distracted by apprehension. We talkedM
this manner through the early morning time, and later crept out of the
bushes, and, after scanning the sky for Martians, hurried precipitately
to the house on Putney Hill where he had made his lair. It was the coal
cellar of the place, and when I saw the work he had spent a week
it was a burrow scarcely ten yards long, which he designed to
reach to the main drain on Putney Hill
I had my first inkling of the
gulf between his dreams and his powers. Such a hole I could have dug in
ieved in him sufficiently to work with him all that
morning until past midday at his digging. We had a garden barrow and
shot the earth we removed against the kitchen range. We refreshed
ourselves with a tin of mock-turtle soup and wine from the neighbouring
pantry. I found a curious relief from the aching strangeness of the
world in this steady labour. As we worked, I turned his project over in
my mind, and presently objections and doubts began to arise; but I
worked there all the morning, so glad was I to M
purpose again. After working an hour I began to speculate on the
distance one had to go before the cloaca was reached, the chances we
had of missing it altogether. My immediate trouble was why we should
dig this long tunnel, when it was possible to get into the drain at
once down one of the manholes, and work back to the house. It seemed to
me, too, that the house was inconveniently chosen, and required a
needless length of tunnel. And just as I was beginning to face these
illeryman stopped digging, and looked at me.
he said. He put down his spade.
s time we reconnoitred from the roof of the
I was for going on, and after a little hesitation he resumed his spade;
and then suddenly I was struck by a thought. I stopped, and so did he
Why were you walking about the common,
I was coming back. It
he said, and in a flash I saw the man
plain. He hesitated, holding his spade.
We ought to reconnoitre now,
because if any come near they may hear the spades and drop
I was no longer disposed to object. We went together to the roof and
stood on a ladder peeping out of the roof door. No Martians were to be
seen, and we ventured out on the tiles, and slipped down under shelter
From this position a shrubbery hid the greater portion of Putney, but
we could see the river below, a bubbly mass of red weed, and the low
parts of Lambeth flooded and red. The red creeper swarmed up the trees
about the old palace, and their branches stretched gaunt and dead, and
set with shrivelled leaves, from amid its clusters. It was strange how
entirely dependent both these things were upon flowing water for their
propagation. About us neither had gained a footing; laburnums, pink
, and trees of arbor-vitae, rose out of laurels and
hydrangeas, green and brilliant into the sunlight. Beyond Kensington
dense smoke was rising, and that and a blue haze hid the northward
The artilleryman began to tell me of the sort of people who still
One night last week,
some fools got the electric light in
order, and there was all Regent Street and the Circus ablaze, crowded
with painted and ragged drunkards, men and women, dancing and shouting
. A man who was there told me. And as the day came they became
aware of a fighting-machine standing near by the Langham and looking
down at them. Heaven knows how long he had been there. It must have
given some of them a nasty turn. He came down the road towards them,
and picked up nearly a hundred too drunk or frightened to run away.
Grotesque gleam of a time no history will ever fully describe!
From that, in answer to my questions, he came round to his grandiose
plans again. He grew enthusiastic. HeM
talked so eloquently of the
possibility of capturing a fighting-machine that I more than half
believed in him again. But now that I was beginning to understand
something of his quality, I could divine the stress he laid on doing
nothing precipitately. And I noted that now there was no question that
he personally was to capture and fight the great machine.
After a time we went down to the cellar. Neither of us seemed disposed
to resume digging, and when he suggested a meal, I was nothing loath.
suddenly very generous, and when we had eaten he went away
and returned with some excellent cigars. We lit these, and his optimism
glowed. He was inclined to regard my coming as a great occasion.
s some champagne in the cellar,
We can dig better on this Thames-side burgundy,
I am host today. Champagne! Great God! We
enough task before us! Let us take a rest and gather strength while we
may. Look at these blistered hands!
pursuant to this idea of a holiday, he insisted upon playing cards
after we had eaten. He taught me euchre, and after dividing London
between us, I taking the northern side and he the southern, we played
for parish points. Grotesque and foolish as this will seem to the sober
reader, it is absolutely true, and what is more remarkable, I found the
card game and several others we played extremely interesting.
Strange mind of man! that, with our species upon the edge of
extermination or appalling degradation, M
with no clear prospect before
us but the chance of a horrible death, we could sit following the
chance of this painted pasteboard, and playing the
delight. Afterwards he taught me poker, and I beat him at three tough
chess games. When dark came we decided to take the risk, and lit a
After an interminable string of games, we supped, and the artilleryman
finished the champagne. We went on smoking the cigars. He was no longer
the energetic regenerator of his species I had encountM
morning. He was still optimistic, but it was a less kinetic, a more
thoughtful optimism. I remember he wound up with my health, proposed in
a speech of small variety and considerable intermittence. I took a
cigar, and went upstairs to look at the lights of which he had spoken
that blazed so greenly along the Highgate hills.
At first I stared unintelligently across the London valley. The
northern hills were shrouded in darkness; the fires near Kensington
glowed redly, and now and then an orangeM
-red tongue of flame flashed up
and vanished in the deep blue night. All the rest of London was black.
Then, nearer, I perceived a strange light, a pale, violet-purple
fluorescent glow, quivering under the night breeze. For a space I could
not understand it, and then I knew that it must be the red weed from
which this faint irradiation proceeded. With that realisation my
dormant sense of wonder, my sense of the proportion of things, awoke
again. I glanced from that to Mars, red and clear, glowing high in theM
west, and then gazed long and earnestly at the darkness of Hampstead
I remained a very long time upon the roof, wondering at the grotesque
changes of the day. I recalled my mental states from the midnight
prayer to the foolish card-playing. I had a violent revulsion of
feeling. I remember I flung away the cigar with a certain wasteful
symbolism. My folly came to me with glaring exaggeration. I seemed a
traitor to my wife and to my kind; I was filled with remorse. I
resolved to leave this sM
trange undisciplined dreamer of great things to
his drink and gluttony, and to go on into London. There, it seemed to
me, I had the best chance of learning what the Martians and my
fellowmen were doing. I was still upon the roof when the late moon
After I had parted from the artilleryman, I went down the hill, and by
the High Street across the bridge to Fulham. The red weed was
tumultuous at that time, and nearly choked the bridge roadway; but its
fronds were already wM
hitened in patches by the spreading disease that
presently removed it so swiftly.
At the corner of the lane that runs to Putney Bridge station I found a
man lying. He was as black as a sweep with the black dust, alive, but
helplessly and speechlessly drunk. I could get nothing from him but
curses and furious lunges at my head. I think I should have stayed by
him but for the brutal expression of his face.
There was black dust along the roadway from the bridge onwards, and it
grew thicker in Fulham. The sM
treets were horribly quiet. I got
sour, hard, and mouldy, but quite eatable
Some way towards Walham Green the streets became clear of powder, and I
passed a white terrace of houses on fire; the noise of the burning was
an absolute relief. Going on towards Brompton, the streets were quiet
Here I came once more upon the black powder in the streets and upon
dead bodies. I saw altogether about a dozen in the length of the Fulham
Road. They had been dead many days, so M
that I hurried quickly past
them. The black powder covered them over, and softened their outlines.
One or two had been disturbed by dogs.
Where there was no black powder, it was curiously like a Sunday in the
City, with the closed shops, the houses locked up and the blinds drawn,
the desertion, and the stillness. In some places plunderers had been at
work, but rarely at other than the provision and wine shops. A
s window had been broken open in one place, but apparently the
thief had been distuM
rbed, and a number of gold chains and a watch lay
scattered on the pavement. I did not trouble to touch them. Farther on
was a tattered woman in a heap on a doorstep; the hand that hung over
her knee was gashed and bled down her rusty brown dress, and a smashed
magnum of champagne formed a pool across the pavement. She seemed
asleep, but she was dead.
The farther I penetrated into London, the profounder grew the
stillness. But it was not so much the stillness of death
stillness of suspense, oM
f expectation. At any time the destruction that
had already singed the northwestern borders of the metropolis, and had
annihilated Ealing and Kilburn, might strike among these houses and
leave them smoking ruins. It was a city condemned and derelict. . . .
In South Kensington the streets were clear of dead and of black powder.
It was near South Kensington that I first heard the howling. It crept
almost imperceptibly upon my senses. It was a sobbing alternation of
Ulla, ulla, ulla, ulla,
eping on perpetually. When I
passed streets that ran northward it grew in volume, and houses and
buildings seemed to deaden and cut it off again. It came in a full tide
down Exhibition Road. I stopped, staring towards Kensington Gardens,
wondering at this strange, remote wailing. It was as if that mighty
desert of houses had found a voice for its fear and solitude.
Ulla, ulla, ulla, ulla,
wailed that superhuman note
sound sweeping down the broad, sunlit roadway, between the tall
ldings on each side. I turned northwards, marvelling, towards the
iron gates of Hyde Park. I had half a mind to break into the Natural
History Museum and find my way up to the summits of the towers, in
order to see across the park. But I decided to keep to the ground,
where quick hiding was possible, and so went on up the Exhibition Road.
All the large mansions on each side of the road were empty and still,
and my footsteps echoed against the sides of the houses. At the top,
near the park gate, I came upon aM
a bus overturned, and
the skeleton of a horse picked clean. I puzzled over this for a time,
and then went on to the bridge over the Serpentine. The voice grew
stronger and stronger, though I could see nothing above the housetops
on the north side of the park, save a haze of smoke to the northwest.
Ulla, ulla, ulla, ulla,
cried the voice, coming, as it seemed to me,
from the district about Regent
s Park. The desolating cry worked upon
my mind. The mood that had sustained me passed. M
possession of me. I found I was intensely weary, footsore, and now
again hungry and thirsty.
It was already past noon. Why was I wandering alone in this city of the
dead? Why was I alone when all London was lying in state, and in its
black shroud? I felt intolerably lonely. My mind ran on old friends
that I had forgotten for years. I thought of the poisons in the
shops, of the liquors the wine merchants stored; I recalled
the two sodden creatures of despair, who so far as I knM
city with myself. . . .
I came into Oxford Street by the Marble Arch, and here again were black
powder and several bodies, and an evil, ominous smell from the gratings
of the cellars of some of the houses. I grew very thirsty after the
heat of my long walk. With infinite trouble I managed to break into a
public-house and get food and drink. I was weary after eating, and went
into the parlour behind the bar, and slept on a black horsehair sofa I
I awoke to find that dismal hoM
wling still in my ears,
It was now dusk, and after I had routed out some biscuits
and a cheese in the bar
there was a meat safe, but it contained nothing
I wandered on through the silent residential squares to
Portman Square is the only one I can name
s Park. And as I emerged from the top of Baker
Street, I saw far away over the trees in the clearness of the sunset
the hood of the Martian giant from which thiM
s howling proceeded. I was
not terrified. I came upon him as if it were a matter of course. I
watched him for some time, but he did not move. He appeared to be
standing and yelling, for no reason that I could discover.
I tried to formulate a plan of action. That perpetual sound of
confused my mind. Perhaps I was too tired to be very
fearful. Certainly I was more curious to know the reason of this
monotonous crying than afraid. I turned back away from the park and
Park Road, intending to skirt the park, went along under
the shelter of the terraces, and got a view of this stationary, howling
Martian from the direction of St. John
s Wood. A couple of hundred
yards out of Baker Street I heard a yelping chorus, and saw, first a
dog with a piece of putrescent red meat in his jaws coming headlong
towards me, and then a pack of starving mongrels in pursuit of him. He
made a wide curve to avoid me, as though he feared I might prove a
fresh competitor. As the yelping died awM
ay down the silent road, the
Ulla, ulla, ulla, ulla,
I came upon the wrecked handling-machine halfway to St. John
station. At first I thought a house had fallen across the road. It was
only as I clambered among the ruins that I saw, with a start, this
mechanical Samson lying, with its tentacles bent and smashed and
twisted, among the ruins it had made. The forepart was shattered. It
seemed as if it had driven blindly straight at the house, and had been
erwhelmed in its overthrow. It seemed to me then that this might have
happened by a handling-machine escaping from the guidance of its
Martian. I could not clamber among the ruins to see it, and the
twilight was now so far advanced that the blood with which its seat was
smeared, and the gnawed gristle of the Martian that the dogs had left,
were invisible to me.
Wondering still more at all that I had seen, I pushed on towards
Primrose Hill. Far away, through a gap in the trees, I saw a second
otionless as the first, standing in the park towards the
Zoological Gardens, and silent. A little beyond the ruins about the
smashed handling-machine I came upon the red weed again, and found the
s Canal, a spongy mass of dark-red vegetation.
As I crossed the bridge, the sound of
Ulla, ulla, ulla, ulla,
It was, as it were, cut off. The silence came like a thunderclap.
The dusky houses about me stood faint and tall and dim; the trees
towards the park were growing black. All about meM
clambered among the ruins, writhing to get above me in the dimness.
Night, the mother of fear and mystery, was coming upon me. But while
that voice sounded the solitude, the desolation, had been endurable; by
virtue of it London had still seemed alive, and the sense of life about
me had upheld me. Then suddenly a change, the passing of something
and then a stillness that could be felt. Nothing but this
London about me gazed at me spectrally. The windows in thM
were like the eye sockets of skulls. About me my imagination found a
thousand noiseless enemies moving. Terror seized me, a horror of my
temerity. In front of me the road became pitchy black as though it was
tarred, and I saw a contorted shape lying across the pathway. I could
not bring myself to go on. I turned down St. John
s Wood Road, and ran
headlong from this unendurable stillness towards Kilburn. I hid from
the night and the silence, until long after midnight, in a cabmen
in Harrow Road. But before the dawn my courage returned, and
while the stars were still in the sky I turned once more towards
s Park. I missed my way among the streets, and presently saw
down a long avenue, in the half-light of the early dawn, the curve of
Primrose Hill. On the summit, towering up to the fading stars, was a
third Martian, erect and motionless like the others.
An insane resolve possessed me. I would die and end it. And I would
save myself even the trouble of killing myself. I marcM
towards this Titan, and then, as I drew nearer and the light grew, I
saw that a multitude of black birds was circling and clustering about
the hood. At that my heart gave a bound, and I began running along the
I hurried through the red weed that choked St. Edmund
waded breast-high across a torrent of water that was rushing down from
the waterworks towards the Albert Road), and emerged upon the grass
before the rising of the sun. Great mounds had been heaped about theM
crest of the hill, making a huge redoubt of it
it was the final and
largest place the Martians had made
and from behind these heaps there
rose a thin smoke against the sky. Against the sky line an eager dog
ran and disappeared. The thought that had flashed into my mind grew
real, grew credible. I felt no fear, only a wild, trembling exultation,
as I ran up the hill towards the motionless monster. Out of the hood
hung lank shreds of brown, at which the hungry birds pecked and tore.
In another moment IM
had scrambled up the earthen rampart and stood upon
its crest, and the interior of the redoubt was below me. A mighty space
it was, with gigantic machines here and there within it, huge mounds of
material and strange shelter places. And scattered about it, some in
their overturned war-machines, some in the now rigid handling-machines,
and a dozen of them stark and silent and laid in a row, were the
slain by the putrefactive and disease bacteria against
which their systems were unprepareM
d; slain as the red weed was being
slain; slain, after all man
s devices had failed, by the humblest
things that God, in his wisdom, has put upon this earth.
For so it had come about, as indeed I and many men might have foreseen
had not terror and disaster blinded our minds. These germs of disease
have taken toll of humanity since the beginning of things
our prehuman ancestors since life began here. But by virtue of this
natural selection of our kind we have developed resisting power; to M
germs do we succumb without a struggle, and to many
putrefaction in dead matter, for instance
our living frames are
altogether immune. But there are no bacteria in Mars, and directly
these invaders arrived, directly they drank and fed, our microscopic
allies began to work their overthrow. Already when I watched them they
were irrevocably doomed, dying and rotting even as they went to and
fro. It was inevitable. By the toll of a billion deaths man has bought
his birthright of the eartM
h, and it is his against all comers; it would
still be his were the Martians ten times as mighty as they are. For
neither do men live nor die in vain.
Here and there they were scattered, nearly fifty altogether, in that
great gulf they had made, overtaken by a death that must have seemed to
them as incomprehensible as any death could be. To me also at that time
this death was incomprehensible. All I knew was that these things that
had been alive and so terrible to men were dead. For a moment I
at the destruction of Sennacherib had been repeated, that
God had repented, that the Angel of Death had slain them in the night.
I stood staring into the pit, and my heart lightened gloriously, even
as the rising sun struck the world to fire about me with his rays. The
pit was still in darkness; the mighty engines, so great and wonderful
in their power and complexity, so unearthly in their tortuous forms,
rose weird and vague and strange out of the shadows towards the light.
A multitude of dogs, I could heM
ar, fought over the bodies that lay
darkly in the depth of the pit, far below me. Across the pit on its
farther lip, flat and vast and strange, lay the great flying-machine
with which they had been experimenting upon our denser atmosphere when
decay and death arrested them. Death had come not a day too soon. At
the sound of a cawing overhead I looked up at the huge fighting-machine
that would fight no more for ever, at the tattered red shreds of flesh
that dripped down upon the overturned seats on the summitM
I turned and looked down the slope of the hill to where, enhaloed now
in birds, stood those other two Martians that I had seen overnight,
just as death had overtaken them. The one had died, even as it had been
crying to its companions; perhaps it was the last to die, and its voice
had gone on perpetually until the force of its machinery was exhausted.
They glittered now, harmless tripod towers of shining metal, in the
brightness of the rising sun.
All about the pit, and saved as by aM
miracle from everlasting
destruction, stretched the great Mother of Cities. Those who have only
seen London veiled in her sombre robes of smoke can scarcely imagine
the naked clearness and beauty of the silent wilderness of houses.
Eastward, over the blackened ruins of the Albert Terrace and the
splintered spire of the church, the sun blazed dazzling in a clear sky,
and here and there some facet in the great wilderness of roofs caught
the light and glared with a white intensity.
Northward were Kilburn M
and Hampsted, blue and crowded with houses;
westward the great city was dimmed; and southward, beyond the Martians,
the green waves of Regent
s Park, the Langham Hotel, the dome of the
Albert Hall, the Imperial Institute, and the giant mansions of the
Brompton Road came out clear and little in the sunrise, the jagged
ruins of Westminster rising hazily beyond. Far away and blue were the
Surrey hills, and the towers of the Crystal Palace glittered like two
silver rods. The dome of St. Paul
injured, I saw for the first time, by a huge gaping cavity on its
And as I looked at this wide expanse of houses and factories and
churches, silent and abandoned; as I thought of the multitudinous hopes
and efforts, the innumerable hosts of lives that had gone to build this
human reef, and of the swift and ruthless destruction that had hung
over it all; when I realised that the shadow had been rolled back, and
that men might still live in the streets, and this dear vast dM
of mine be once more alive and powerful, I felt a wave of emotion that
was near akin to tears.
The torment was over. Even that day the healing would begin. The
survivors of the people scattered over the country
leaderless, lawless,
foodless, like sheep without a shepherd
the thousands who had fled by
sea, would begin to return; the pulse of life, growing stronger and
stronger, would beat again in the empty streets and pour across the
vacant squares. Whatever destruction was done, the hand of M
destroyer was stayed. All the gaunt wrecks, the blackened skeletons of
houses that stared so dismally at the sunlit grass of the hill, would
presently be echoing with the hammers of the restorers and ringing with
the tapping of their trowels. At the thought I extended my hands
towards the sky and began thanking God. In a year, thought I
With overwhelming force came the thought of myself, of my wife, and the
old life of hope and tender helpfulness that had ceased for ever.
And now comes the strangest thing in my story. Yet, perhaps, it is not
altogether strange. I remember, clearly and coldly and vividly, all
that I did that day until the time that I stood weeping and praising
God upon the summit of Primrose Hill. And then I forget.
Of the next three days I know nothing. I have learned since that, so
far from my being the first discoverer of the Martian overthrow,
several such wanderers as myself had already discovered this on the
previous night. One man
had gone to St. Martin
and, while I sheltered in the cabmen
s hut, had contrived to telegraph
to Paris. Thence the joyful news had flashed all over the world; a
thousand cities, chilled by ghastly apprehensions, suddenly flashed
into frantic illuminations; they knew of it in Dublin, Edinburgh,
Manchester, Birmingham, at the time when I stood upon the verge of the
pit. Already men, weeping with joy, as I have heard, shouting and
staying their work to shake hands and shout, were maM
even as near as Crewe, to descend upon London. The church bells that
had ceased a fortnight since suddenly caught the news, until all
England was bell-ringing. Men on cycles, lean-faced, unkempt, scorched
along every country lane shouting of unhoped deliverance, shouting to
gaunt, staring figures of despair. And for the food! Across the
Channel, across the Irish Sea, across the Atlantic, corn, bread, and
meat were tearing to our relief. All the shipping in the world seemed
n those days. But of all this I have no memory. I
a demented man. I found myself in a house of kindly people, who
had found me on the third day wandering, weeping, and raving through
the streets of St. John
s Wood. They have told me since that I was
singing some insane doggerel about
The Last Man Left Alive! Hurrah!
The Last Man Left Alive!
Troubled as they were with their own affairs,
these people, whose name, much as I would like to express my gratitude
to them, I may not even give here, M
nevertheless cumbered themselves
with me, sheltered me, and protected me from myself. Apparently they
had learned something of my story from me during the days of my lapse.
Very gently, when my mind was assured again, did they break to me what
they had learned of the fate of Leatherhead. Two days after I was
imprisoned it had been destroyed, with every soul in it, by a Martian.
He had swept it out of existence, as it seemed, without any
provocation, as a boy might crush an ant hill, in the mere wantonness
I was a lonely man, and they were very kind to me. I was a lonely man
and a sad one, and they bore with me. I remained with them four days
after my recovery. All that time I felt a vague, a growing craving to
look once more on whatever remained of the little life that seemed so
happy and bright in my past. It was a mere hopeless desire to feast
upon my misery. They dissuaded me. They did all they could to divert me
from this morbidity. But at last I could resist the impulse no longer,
ising faithfully to return to them, and parting, as I will
confess, from these four-day friends with tears, I went out again into
the streets that had lately been so dark and strange and empty.
Already they were busy with returning people; in places even there were
shops open, and I saw a drinking fountain running water.
I remember how mockingly bright the day seemed as I went back on my
melancholy pilgrimage to the little house at Woking, how busy the
streets and vivid the moving life about me. So many M
everywhere, busied in a thousand activities, that it seemed incredible
that any great proportion of the population could have been slain. But
then I noticed how yellow were the skins of the people I met, how
shaggy the hair of the men, how large and bright their eyes, and that
every other man still wore his dirty rags. Their faces seemed all with
one of two expressions
a leaping exultation and energy or a grim
resolution. Save for the expression of the faces, London seemed a city
mps. The vestries were indiscriminately distributing bread sent
us by the French government. The ribs of the few horses showed
dismally. Haggard special constables with white badges stood at the
corners of every street. I saw little of the mischief wrought by the
Martians until I reached Wellington Street, and there I saw the red
weed clambering over the buttresses of Waterloo Bridge.
At the corner of the bridge, too, I saw one of the common contrasts of
a sheet of paper flaunting agaM
inst a thicket of the
red weed, transfixed by a stick that kept it in place. It was the
placard of the first newspaper to resume publication
I bought a copy for a blackened shilling I found in my pocket. Most of
it was in blank, but the solitary compositor who did the thing had
amused himself by making a grotesque scheme of advertisement stereo on
the back page. The matter he printed was emotional; the news
organisation had not as yet found its way back. I learned nothing fresh
at already in one week the examination of the Martian
mechanisms had yielded astonishing results. Among other things, the
article assured me what I did not believe at the time, that the
was discovered. At Waterloo I found the free trains that
were taking people to their homes. The first rush was already over.
There were few people in the train, and I was in no mood for casual
conversation. I got a compartment to myself, and sat with folded arms,
looking greyly at the sunlit devastatioM
n that flowed past the windows.
And just outside the terminus the train jolted over temporary rails,
and on either side of the railway the houses were blackened ruins. To
Clapham Junction the face of London was grimy with powder of the Black
Smoke, in spite of two days of thunderstorms and rain, and at Clapham
Junction the line had been wrecked again; there were hundreds of
out-of-work clerks and shopmen working side by side with the customary
navvies, and we were jolted over a hasty relaying.
e line from there the aspect of the country was gaunt and
unfamiliar; Wimbledon particularly had suffered. Walton, by virtue of
its unburned pine woods, seemed the least hurt of any place along the
line. The Wandle, the Mole, every little stream, was a heaped mass of
red weed, in appearance between butcher
s meat and pickled cabbage. The
Surrey pine woods were too dry, however, for the festoons of the red
climber. Beyond Wimbledon, within sight of the line, in certain nursery
grounds, were the heaped masseM
s of earth about the sixth cylinder. A
number of people were standing about it, and some sappers were busy in
the midst of it. Over it flaunted a Union Jack, flapping cheerfully in
the morning breeze. The nursery grounds were everywhere crimson with
the weed, a wide expanse of livid colour cut with purple shadows, and
very painful to the eye. One
s gaze went with infinite relief from the
scorched greys and sullen reds of the foreground to the blue-green
softness of the eastward hills.
ndon side of Woking station was still undergoing
repair, so I descended at Byfleet station and took the road to Maybury,
past the place where I and the artilleryman had talked to the hussars,
and on by the spot where the Martian had appeared to me in the
thunderstorm. Here, moved by curiosity, I turned aside to find, among a
tangle of red fronds, the warped and broken dog cart with the whitened
bones of the horse scattered and gnawed. For a time I stood regarding
these vestiges. . . .
Then I returned throM
ugh the pine wood, neck-high with red weed here and
there, to find the landlord of the Spotted Dog had already found
burial, and so came home past the College Arms. A man standing at an
open cottage door greeted me by name as I passed.
I looked at my house with a quick flash of hope that faded immediately.
The door had been forced; it was unfast and was opening slowly as I
It slammed again. The curtains of my study fluttered out of the open
window from which I and the artilleryman had watcheM
had closed it since. The smashed bushes were just as I had left them
nearly four weeks ago. I stumbled into the hall, and the house felt
empty. The stair carpet was ruffled and discoloured where I had
crouched, soaked to the skin from the thunderstorm the night of the
catastrophe. Our muddy footsteps I saw still went up the stairs.
I followed them to my study, and found lying on my writing-table still,
with the selenite paper weight upon it, the sheet of work I had left on
of the opening of the cylinder. For a space I stood
reading over my abandoned arguments. It was a paper on the probable
development of Moral Ideas with the development of the civilising
process; and the last sentence was the opening of a prophecy:
abruptly. I remembered my inability to fix my mind that morning,
scarcely a month gone by, and how I had broken off to get my _Daily
Chronicle_ from the newsboy. I remembM
ered how I went down to the garden
gate as he came along, and how I had listened to his odd story of
I came down and went into the dining room. There were the mutton and
the bread, both far gone now in decay, and a beer bottle overturned,
just as I and the artilleryman had left them. My home was desolate. I
perceived the folly of the faint hope I had cherished so long. And then
a strange thing occurred.
deserted. No one has been here tM
hese ten days. Do not stay here to
torment yourself. No one escaped but you.
I was startled. Had I spoken my thought aloud? I turned, and the French
window was open behind me. I made a step to it, and stood looking out.
And there, amazed and afraid, even as I stood amazed and afraid, were
my cousin and my wife
my wife white and tearless. She gave a faint cry.
She put her hand to her throat
swayed. I made a step forward, and
caught her in my arM
I cannot but regret, now that I am concluding my story, how little I am
able to contribute to the discussion of the many debatable questions
which are still unsettled. In one respect I shall certainly provoke
criticism. My particular province is speculative philosophy. My
knowledge of comparative physiology is confined to a book or two, but
it seems to me that Carver
s suggestions as to the reason of the rapid
death of the Martians is so probable as to be regarded almost M
proven conclusion. I have assumed that in the body of my narrative.
At any rate, in all the bodies of the Martians that were examined after
the war, no bacteria except those already known as terrestrial species
were found. That they did not bury any of their dead, and the reckless
slaughter they perpetrated, point also to an entire ignorance of the
putrefactive process. But probable as this seems, it is by no means a
Neither is the composition of the Black Smoke known, which the M
used with such deadly effect, and the generator of the Heat-Rays
remains a puzzle. The terrible disasters at the Ealing and South
Kensington laboratories have disinclined analysts for further
investigations upon the latter. Spectrum analysis of the black powder
points unmistakably to the presence of an unknown element with a
brilliant group of three lines in the green, and it is possible that it
combines with argon to form a compound which acts at once with deadly
effect upon some constituent in thM
e blood. But such unproven
speculations will scarcely be of interest to the general reader, to
whom this story is addressed. None of the brown scum that drifted down
the Thames after the destruction of Shepperton was examined at the
time, and now none is forthcoming.
The results of an anatomical examination of the Martians, so far as the
prowling dogs had left such an examination possible, I have already
given. But everyone is familiar with the magnificent and almost
complete specimen in spirits at the NaM
tural History Museum, and the
countless drawings that have been made from it; and beyond that the
interest of their physiology and structure is purely scientific.
A question of graver and universal interest is the possibility of
another attack from the Martians. I do not think that nearly enough
attention is being given to this aspect of the matter. At present the
planet Mars is in conjunction, but with every return to opposition I,
for one, anticipate a renewal of their adventure. In any case, we
be prepared. It seems to me that it should be possible to define
the position of the gun from which the shots are discharged, to keep a
sustained watch upon this part of the planet, and to anticipate the
arrival of the next attack.
In that case the cylinder might be destroyed with dynamite or artillery
before it was sufficiently cool for the Martians to emerge, or they
might be butchered by means of guns so soon as the screw opened. It
seems to me that they have lost a vast advantage in the failure of
ir first surprise. Possibly they see it in the same light.
Lessing has advanced excellent reasons for supposing that the Martians
have actually succeeded in effecting a landing on the planet Venus.
Seven months ago now, Venus and Mars were in alignment with the sun;
that is to say, Mars was in opposition from the point of view of an
observer on Venus. Subsequently a peculiar luminous and sinuous marking
appeared on the unillumined half of the inner planet, and almost
simultaneously a faint dark mark of a sM
imilar sinuous character was
detected upon a photograph of the Martian disk. One needs to see the
drawings of these appearances in order to appreciate fully their
remarkable resemblance in character.
At any rate, whether we expect another invasion or not, our views of
the human future must be greatly modified by these events. We have
learned now that we cannot regard this planet as being fenced in and a
secure abiding place for Man; we can never anticipate the unseen good
or evil that may come upon us sudM
denly out of space. It may be that in
the larger design of the universe this invasion from Mars is not
without its ultimate benefit for men; it has robbed us of that serene
confidence in the future which is the most fruitful source of
decadence, the gifts to human science it has brought are enormous, and
it has done much to promote the conception of the commonweal of
mankind. It may be that across the immensity of space the Martians have
watched the fate of these pioneers of theirs and learned their lesson,
and that on the planet Venus they have found a securer settlement. Be
that as it may, for many years yet there will certainly be no
relaxation of the eager scrutiny of the Martian disk, and those fiery
darts of the sky, the shooting stars, will bring with them as they fall
an unavoidable apprehension to all the sons of men.
The broadening of men
s views that has resulted can scarcely be
exaggerated. Before the cylinder fell there was a general persuasion
that through all the deep of space no life existeM
surface of our minute sphere. Now we see further. If the Martians can
reach Venus, there is no reason to suppose that the thing is impossible
for men, and when the slow cooling of the sun makes this earth
uninhabitable, as at last it must do, it may be that the thread of life
that has begun here will have streamed out and caught our sister planet
Dim and wonderful is the vision I have conjured up in my mind of life
spreading slowly from this little seed bed of the solaM
throughout the inanimate vastness of sidereal space. But that is a
remote dream. It may be, on the other hand, that the destruction of the
Martians is only a reprieve. To them, and not to us, perhaps, is the
I must confess the stress and danger of the time have left an abiding
sense of doubt and insecurity in my mind. I sit in my study writing by
lamplight, and suddenly I see again the healing valley below set with
writhing flames, and feel the house behind and about me empty andM
desolate. I go out into the Byfleet Road, and vehicles pass me, a
butcher boy in a cart, a cabful of visitors, a workman on a bicycle,
children going to school, and suddenly they become vague and unreal,
and I hurry again with the artilleryman through the hot, brooding
silence. Of a night I see the black powder darkening the silent
streets, and the contorted bodies shrouded in that layer; they rise
upon me tattered and dog-bitten. They gibber and grow fiercer, paler,
uglier, mad distortions of humanity at M
last, and I wake, cold and
wretched, in the darkness of the night.
I go to London and see the busy multitudes in Fleet Street and the
Strand, and it comes across my mind that they are but the ghosts of the
past, haunting the streets that I have seen silent and wretched, going
to and fro, phantasms in a dead city, the mockery of life in a
galvanised body. And strange, too, it is to stand on Primrose Hill, as
I did but a day before writing this last chapter, to see the great
province of houses, dim and blueM
through the haze of the smoke and
mist, vanishing at last into the vague lower sky, to see the people
walking to and fro among the flower beds on the hill, to see the
sight-seers about the Martian machine that stands there still, to hear
the tumult of playing children, and to recall the time when I saw it
all bright and clear-cut, hard and silent, under the dawn of that last
And strangest of all is it to hold my wife
s hand again, and to think
that I have counted her, and that she has
counted me, among the dead.
text/plain;charset=utf-8
INTRODUCTION BY PHILIP LITTELL
BONI AND LIVERIGHT, INC.
BONI & LIVERIGHT, INC.
Printed in the United States of America
Ever since 1759, when Voltaire wrote "Candide" in ridicule of the notion
that this is the best of all possible worlds, this world has been a
gayer place for readers. Voltaire wrote it in three days, and five or
six generations have found that its laughter does not grow old.
aged. Yet how different the book would have looked if
Voltaire had written it a hundred and fifty years later than 1759. It
would have been, among other things, a book of sights and sounds. A
modern writer would have tried to catch and fix in words some of those
Atlantic changes which broke the Atlantic monotony of that voyage from
Cadiz to Buenos Ayres. When Martin and Candide were sailing the length
of the Mediterranean we should have had a contrast between naked scarped
Balearic cliffs and headlands of CM
alabria in their mists. We should have
had quarter distances, far horizons, the altering silhouettes of an
Ionian island. Colored birds would have filled Paraguay with their
silver or acid cries.
Dr. Pangloss, to prove the existence of design in the universe, says
that noses were made to carry spectacles, and so we have spectacles. A
modern satirist would not try to paint with Voltaire's quick brush the
doctrine that he wanted to expose. And he would choose a more
complicated doctrine than Dr. Pangloss's M
optimism, would study it more
closely, feel his destructive way about it with a more learned and
caressing malice. His attack, stealthier, more flexible and more patient
than Voltaire's, would call upon us, especially when his learning got a
little out of control, to be more than patient. Now and then he would
bore us. "Candide" never bored anybody except William Wordsworth.
Voltaire's men and women point his case against optimism by starting
high and falling low. A modern could not go about it after this M
He would not plunge his people into an unfamiliar misery. He would just
keep them in the misery they were born to.
But such an account of Voltaire's procedure is as misleading as the
plaster cast of a dance. Look at his procedure again. Mademoiselle
Cunegonde, the illustrious Westphalian, sprung from a family that could
prove seventy-one quarterings, descends and descends until we find her
earning her keep by washing dishes in the Propontis. The aged faithful
attendant, victim of a hundred acts oM
f rape by negro pirates, remembers
that she is the daughter of a pope, and that in honor of her
approaching marriage with a Prince of Massa-Carrara all Italy wrote
sonnets of which not one was passable. We do not need to know French
literature before Voltaire in order to feel, although the lurking parody
may escape us, that he is poking fun at us and at himself. His laughter
at his own methods grows more unmistakable at the last, when he
caricatures them by casually assembling six fallen monarchs in an inn aM
A modern assailant of optimism would arm himself with social pity. There
is no social pity in "Candide." Voltaire, whose light touch on familiar
institutions opens them and reveals their absurdity, likes to remind us
that the slaughter and pillage and murder which Candide witnessed among
the Bulgarians was perfectly regular, having been conducted according to
the laws and usages of war. Had Voltaire lived to-day he would have done
to poverty what he did to war. Pitying the poor, he would have shM
poverty as a ridiculous anachronism, and both the ridicule and the pity
would have expressed his indignation.
Almost any modern, essaying a philosophic tale, would make it long.
"Candide" is only a "Hamlet" and a half long. It would hardly have been
shorter if Voltaire had spent three months on it, instead of those three
days. A conciseness to be matched in English by nobody except Pope, who
can say a plagiarizing enemy "steals much, spends little, and has
nothing left," a conciseness which Pope toM
iled and sweated for, came as
easy as wit to Voltaire. He can afford to be witty, parenthetically, by
the way, prodigally, without saving, because he knows there is more wit
where that came from.
One of Max Beerbohm's cartoons shows us the young Twentieth Century
going at top speed, and watched by two of his predecessors. Underneath
is this legend: "The Grave Misgivings of the Nineteenth Century, and the
Wicked Amusement of the Eighteenth, in Watching the Progress (or
whatever it is) of the Twentieth." ThM
is Eighteenth Century snuff-taking
and malicious, is like Voltaire, who nevertheless must know, if he
happens to think of it, that not yet in the Twentieth Century, not for
all its speed mania, has any one come near to equalling the speed of a
prose tale by Voltaire. "Candide" is a full book. It is filled with
mockery, with inventiveness, with things as concrete as things to eat
and coins, it has time for the neatest intellectual clickings, it is
never hurried, and it moves with the most amazing rapidity. ItM
rapidity of high spirits playing a game. The dry high spirits of this
destroyer of optimism make most optimists look damp and depressed.
Contemplation of the stupidity which deems happiness possible almost
made Voltaire happy. His attack on optimism is one of the gayest books
in the world. Gaiety has been scattered everywhere up and down its pages
by Voltaire's lavish hand, by his thin fingers.
Many propagandist satirical books have been written with "Candide" in
mind, but not too many. To-day, eM
specially, when new faiths are changing
the structure of the world, faiths which are still plastic enough to be
deformed by every disciple, each disciple for himself, and which have
not yet received the final deformation known as universal acceptance,
to-day "Candide" is an inspiration to every narrative satirist who hates
one of these new faiths, or hates every interpretation of it but his
own. Either hatred will serve as a motive to satire.
That is why the present is one of the right moments to republishM
"Candide." I hope it will inspire younger men and women, the only ones
who can be inspired, to have a try at Theodore, or Militarism; Jane, or
Pacifism; at So-and-So, the Pragmatist or the Freudian. And I hope, too,
that they will without trying hold their pens with an eighteenth century
lightness, not inappropriate to a philosophic tale. In Voltaire's
fingers, as Anatole France has said, the pen runs and laughs. PHILIP
CHAPTER M
I. How Candide was brought up in a
Magnificent Castle, and how he was
expelled thence 1
II. What became of Candide among the
Bulgarians 5
III. How Candide made his escape from the
Bulgarians, and what afterwards became
of him 9
IV. How Candide found his old Master
Pangloss, and what happenedM
to them 13
V. Tempest, Shipwreck, Earthquake, and
what became of Doctor Pangloss,
Candide, and James the Anabaptist 18
VI. How the Portuguese made a Beautiful
Auto-da-fe, to prevent any further
Earthquakes: and how Candide was
publicly whipped 23
VII. How the Old Woman took care of
Candide, and how he found the Object
he loved M
26
VIII. The History of Cunegonde 30
IX. What became of Cunegonde, Candide,
the Grand Inquisitor, and the Jew 35
X. In what distress Candide, Cunegonde,
and the Old Woman arrived at
Cadiz; and of their Embarkation 38
XI. History of the Old Woman 42
XII. The Adventures of the Old Woman
continued M
48
XIII. How Candide was forced away from his
fair Cunegonde and the Old Woman 54
XIV. How Candide and Cacambo were received
by the Jesuits of Paraguay 58
XV. How Candide killed the brother of his
dear Cunegonde 64
XVI. Adventures of the Two Travellers,
with Two Girls, Two Monkeys, and
the Savages called Oreillons M
XVII. Arrival of Candide and his Valet at El
Dorado, and what they saw there 74
XVIII. What they saw in the Country of El
Dorado 80
XIX. What happened to them at Surinam and
how Candide got acquainted with
Martin 89
XX. What happened at Sea to Candide and
Martin 98
XI. Candide and Martin, reasoning, draw
near the Coast of France 102
XXII. What happened in France to Candide
and Martin 105
XXIII. Candide and Martin touched upon the
Coast of England, and what they saw
there 122
XXIV. Of Paquette and Friar Giroflee 125
XXV. The Visit to Lord Pococurante, a
Noble Venetian M
133
XXVI. Of a Supper which Candide and Martin
took with Six Strangers, and who
they were 142
XXVII. Candide's Voyage to Constantinople 148
XXVIII. What happened to Candide, Cunegonde,
Pangloss, Martin, etc. 154
XXIX. How Candide found Cunegonde and
the Old Woman again 159
sion 161
[Illustration: VOLTAIRE'S CANDIDE]
HOW CANDIDE WAS BROUGHT UP IN A MAGNIFICENT CASTLE, AND HOW HE WAS
In a castle of Westphalia, belonging to the Baron of
Thunder-ten-Tronckh, lived a youth, whom nature had endowed with the
most gentle manners. His countenance was a true picture of his soul. He
combined a true judgment with simplicity of spirit, which was the
reason, I apprehend, of his being called CandiM
de. The old servants of
the family suspected him to have been the son of the Baron's sister, by
a good, honest gentleman of the neighborhood, whom that young lady would
never marry because he had been able to prove only seventy-one
quarterings, the rest of his genealogical tree having been lost through
the injuries of time.
The Baron was one of the most powerful lords in Westphalia, for his
castle had not only a gate, but windows. His great hall, even, was hung
with tapestry. All the dogs of his farm-yardM
s formed a pack of hounds at
need; his grooms were his huntsmen; and the curate of the village was
his grand almoner. They called him "My Lord," and laughed at all his
The Baron's lady weighed about three hundred and fifty pounds, and was
therefore a person of great consideration, and she did the honours of
the house with a dignity that commanded still greater respect. Her
daughter Cunegonde was seventeen years of age, fresh-coloured, comely,
plump, and desirable. The Baron's son seemed to be in M
worthy of his father. The Preceptor Pangloss[1] was the oracle of the
family, and little Candide heard his lessons with all the good faith of
his age and character.
Pangloss was professor of metaphysico-theologico-cosmolo-nigology. He
proved admirably that there is no effect without a cause, and that, in
this best of all possible worlds, the Baron's castle was the most
magnificent of castles, and his lady the best of all possible
"It is demonstrable," said he, "that things canM
not be otherwise than as
they are; for all being created for an end, all is necessarily for the
best end. Observe, that the nose has been formed to bear
spectacles--thus we have spectacles. Legs are visibly designed for
stockings--and we have stockings. Stones were made to be hewn, and to
construct castles--therefore my lord has a magnificent castle; for the
greatest baron in the province ought to be the best lodged. Pigs were
made to be eaten--therefore we eat pork all the year round. Consequently
assert that all is well have said a foolish thing, they should
have said all is for the best."
Candide listened attentively and believed innocently; for he thought
Miss Cunegonde extremely beautiful, though he never had the courage to
tell her so. He concluded that after the happiness of being born of
Baron of Thunder-ten-Tronckh, the second degree of happiness was to be
Miss Cunegonde, the third that of seeing her every day, and the fourth
that of hearing Master Pangloss, the greatest philosopher of the M
province, and consequently of the whole world.
One day Cunegonde, while walking near the castle, in a little wood which
they called a park, saw between the bushes, Dr. Pangloss giving a lesson
in experimental natural philosophy to her mother's chamber-maid, a
little brown wench, very pretty and very docile. As Miss Cunegonde had a
great disposition for the sciences, she breathlessly observed the
repeated experiments of which she was a witness; she clearly perceived
the force of the Doctor's reasons,M
the effects, and the causes; she
turned back greatly flurried, quite pensive, and filled with the desire
to be learned; dreaming that she might well be a _sufficient reason_ for
young Candide, and he for her.
She met Candide on reaching the castle and blushed; Candide blushed
also; she wished him good morrow in a faltering tone, and Candide spoke
to her without knowing what he said. The next day after dinner, as they
went from table, Cunegonde and Candide found themselves behind a screen;
all her handkerchief, Candide picked it up, she took him
innocently by the hand, the youth as innocently kissed the young lady's
hand with particular vivacity, sensibility, and grace; their lips met,
their eyes sparkled, their knees trembled, their hands strayed. Baron
Thunder-ten-Tronckh passed near the screen and beholding this cause and
effect chased Candide from the castle with great kicks on the backside;
Cunegonde fainted away; she was boxed on the ears by the Baroness, as
soon as she came to herself; M
and all was consternation in this most
magnificent and most agreeable of all possible castles.
WHAT BECAME OF CANDIDE AMONG THE BULGARIANS.
Candide, driven from terrestrial paradise, walked a long while without
knowing where, weeping, raising his eyes to heaven, turning them often
towards the most magnificent of castles which imprisoned the purest of
noble young ladies. He lay down to sleep without supper, in the middle
of a field between two furrows. The snow fell in large flakes. Next dayM
Candide, all benumbed, dragged himself towards the neighbouring town
which was called Waldberghofftrarbk-dikdorff, having no money, dying of
hunger and fatigue, he stopped sorrowfully at the door of an inn. Two
men dressed in blue observed him.
"Comrade," said one, "here is a well-built young fellow, and of proper
They went up to Candide and very civilly invited him to dinner.
"Gentlemen," replied Candide, with a most engaging modesty, "you do me
great honour, but I have not wherewithal to M
"Oh, sir," said one of the blues to him, "people of your appearance and
of your merit never pay anything: are you not five feet five inches
"Yes, sir, that is my height," answered he, making a low bow.
"Come, sir, seat yourself; not only will we pay your reckoning, but we
will never suffer such a man as you to want money; men are only born to
assist one another."
"You are right," said Candide; "this is what I was always taught by Mr.
Pangloss, and I see plainly that all is forM
They begged of him to accept a few crowns. He took them, and wished to
give them his note; they refused; they seated themselves at table.
"Love you not deeply?"
"Oh yes," answered he; "I deeply love Miss Cunegonde."
"No," said one of the gentlemen, "we ask you if you do not deeply love
the King of the Bulgarians?"
"Not at all," said he; "for I have never seen him."
"What! he is the best of kings, and we must drink his health."
"Oh! very willingly, gentlemen," and he drank.
t is enough," they tell him. "Now you are the help, the support,
the defender, the hero of the Bulgarians. Your fortune is made, and your
Instantly they fettered him, and carried him away to the regiment. There
he was made to wheel about to the right, and to the left, to draw his
rammer, to return his rammer, to present, to fire, to march, and they
gave him thirty blows with a cudgel. The next day he did his exercise a
little less badly, and he received but twenty blows. The day followinM
they gave him only ten, and he was regarded by his comrades as a
Candide, all stupefied, could not yet very well realise how he was a
hero. He resolved one fine day in spring to go for a walk, marching
straight before him, believing that it was a privilege of the human as
well as of the animal species to make use of their legs as they pleased.
He had advanced two leagues when he was overtaken by four others, heroes
of six feet, who bound him and carried him to a dungeon. He was asked
would like the best, to be whipped six-and-thirty times through
all the regiment, or to receive at once twelve balls of lead in his
brain. He vainly said that human will is free, and that he chose neither
the one nor the other. He was forced to make a choice; he determined, in
virtue of that gift of God called liberty, to run the gauntlet
six-and-thirty times. He bore this twice. The regiment was composed of
two thousand men; that composed for him four thousand strokes, which
laid bare all his muscles and neM
rves, from the nape of his neck quite
down to his rump. As they were going to proceed to a third whipping,
Candide, able to bear no more, begged as a favour that they would be so
good as to shoot him. He obtained this favour; they bandaged his eyes,
and bade him kneel down. The King of the Bulgarians passed at this
moment and ascertained the nature of the crime. As he had great talent,
he understood from all that he learnt of Candide that he was a young
metaphysician, extremely ignorant of the things of thisM
accorded him his pardon with a clemency which will bring him praise in
all the journals, and throughout all ages.
An able surgeon cured Candide in three weeks by means of emollients
taught by Dioscorides. He had already a little skin, and was able to
march when the King of the Bulgarians gave battle to the King of the
HOW CANDIDE MADE HIS ESCAPE FROM THE BULGARIANS, AND WHAT AFTERWARDS
There was never anything so gallant, so spruce, so brilliantM
well disposed as the two armies. Trumpets, fifes, hautboys, drums, and
cannon made music such as Hell itself had never heard. The cannons first
of all laid flat about six thousand men on each side; the muskets swept
away from this best of worlds nine or ten thousand ruffians who infested
its surface. The bayonet was also a _sufficient reason_ for the death of
several thousands. The whole might amount to thirty thousand souls.
Candide, who trembled like a philosopher, hid himself as well as he
during this heroic butchery.
At length, while the two kings were causing Te Deum to be sung each in
his own camp, Candide resolved to go and reason elsewhere on effects and
causes. He passed over heaps of dead and dying, and first reached a
neighbouring village; it was in cinders, it was an Abare village which
the Bulgarians had burnt according to the laws of war. Here, old men
covered with wounds, beheld their wives, hugging their children to their
bloody breasts, massacred before their faces; there, theM
disembowelled and breathing their last after having satisfied the
natural wants of Bulgarian heroes; while others, half burnt in the
flames, begged to be despatched. The earth was strewed with brains,
Candide fled quickly to another village; it belonged to the Bulgarians;
and the Abarian heroes had treated it in the same way. Candide, walking
always over palpitating limbs or across ruins, arrived at last beyond
the seat of war, with a few provisions in his knapsack, and Miss
Cunegonde always in his heart. His provisions failed him when he arrived
in Holland; but having heard that everybody was rich in that country,
and that they were Christians, he did not doubt but he should meet with
the same treatment from them as he had met with in the Baron's castle,
before Miss Cunegonde's bright eyes were the cause of his expulsion
He asked alms of several grave-looking people, who all answered him,
that if he continued to follow this trade they would confine him to the
of correction, where he should be taught to get a living.
The next he addressed was a man who had been haranguing a large assembly
for a whole hour on the subject of charity. But the orator, looking
"What are you doing here? Are you for the good cause?"
"There can be no effect without a cause," modestly answered Candide;
"the whole is necessarily concatenated and arranged for the best. It was
necessary for me to have been banished from the presence of Miss
Cunegonde, to have afterwards ruM
n the gauntlet, and now it is necessary
I should beg my bread until I learn to earn it; all this cannot be
"My friend," said the orator to him, "do you believe the Pope to be
"I have not heard it," answered Candide; "but whether he be, or whether
he be not, I want bread."
"Thou dost not deserve to eat," said the other. "Begone, rogue; begone,
wretch; do not come near me again."
The orator's wife, putting her head out of the window, and spying a man
that doubted whether thM
e Pope was Anti-Christ, poured over him a
full.... Oh, heavens! to what excess does religious zeal carry the
A man who had never been christened, a good Anabaptist, named James,
beheld the cruel and ignominious treatment shown to one of his
brethren, an unfeathered biped with a rational soul, he took him home,
cleaned him, gave him bread and beer, presented him with two florins,
and even wished to teach him the manufacture of Persian stuffs which
they make in Holland. Candide, almost prostrating hM
"Master Pangloss has well said that all is for the best in this world,
for I am infinitely more touched by your extreme generosity than with
the inhumanity of that gentleman in the black coat and his lady."
The next day, as he took a walk, he met a beggar all covered with scabs,
his eyes diseased, the end of his nose eaten away, his mouth distorted,
his teeth black, choking in his throat, tormented with a violent cough,
and spitting out a tooth at each effort.
W CANDIDE FOUND HIS OLD MASTER PANGLOSS, AND WHAT HAPPENED TO THEM.
Candide, yet more moved with compassion than with horror, gave to this
shocking beggar the two florins which he had received from the honest
Anabaptist James. The spectre looked at him very earnestly, dropped a
few tears, and fell upon his neck. Candide recoiled in disgust.
"Alas!" said one wretch to the other, "do you no longer know your dear
"What do I hear? You, my dear master! you in this terrible plight! What
une has happened to you? Why are you no longer in the most
magnificent of castles? What has become of Miss Cunegonde, the pearl of
girls, and nature's masterpiece?"
"I am so weak that I cannot stand," said Pangloss.
Upon which Candide carried him to the Anabaptist's stable, and gave him
a crust of bread. As soon as Pangloss had refreshed himself a little:
"Well," said Candide, "Cunegonde?"
"She is dead," replied the other.
Candide fainted at this word; his friend recalled his senses with a
bad vinegar which he found by chance in the stable. Candide
"Cunegonde is dead! Ah, best of worlds, where art thou? But of what
illness did she die? Was it not for grief, upon seeing her father kick
me out of his magnificent castle?"
"No," said Pangloss, "she was ripped open by the Bulgarian soldiers,
after having been violated by many; they broke the Baron's head for
attempting to defend her; my lady, her mother, was cut in pieces; my
poor pupil was served just in the same manner asM
his sister; and as for
the castle, they have not left one stone upon another, not a barn, nor a
sheep, nor a duck, nor a tree; but we have had our revenge, for the
Abares have done the very same thing to a neighbouring barony, which
belonged to a Bulgarian lord."
At this discourse Candide fainted again; but coming to himself, and
having said all that it became him to say, inquired into the cause and
effect, as well as into the _sufficient reason_ that had reduced
Pangloss to so miserable a plight.
as!" said the other, "it was love; love, the comfort of the human
species, the preserver of the universe, the soul of all sensible beings,
"Alas!" said Candide, "I know this love, that sovereign of hearts, that
soul of our souls; yet it never cost me more than a kiss and twenty
kicks on the backside. How could this beautiful cause produce in you an
effect so abominable?"
Pangloss made answer in these terms: "Oh, my dear Candide, you remember
Paquette, that pretty wench who waited on M
our noble Baroness; in her
arms I tasted the delights of paradise, which produced in me those hell
torments with which you see me devoured; she was infected with them, she
is perhaps dead of them. This present Paquette received of a learned
Grey Friar, who had traced it to its source; he had had it of an old
countess, who had received it from a cavalry captain, who owed it to a
marchioness, who took it from a page, who had received it from a Jesuit,
who when a novice had it in a direct line from one of the cM
Christopher Columbus.[3] For my part I shall give it to nobody, I am
"Oh, Pangloss!" cried Candide, "what a strange genealogy! Is not the
Devil the original stock of it?"
"Not at all," replied this great man, "it was a thing unavoidable, a
necessary ingredient in the best of worlds; for if Columbus had not in
an island of America caught this disease, which contaminates the source
of life, frequently even hinders generation, and which is evidently
opposed to the great end of nature,M
we should have neither chocolate nor
cochineal. We are also to observe that upon our continent, this
distemper is like religious controversy, confined to a particular spot.
The Turks, the Indians, the Persians, the Chinese, the Siamese, the
Japanese, know nothing of it; but there is a sufficient reason for
believing that they will know it in their turn in a few centuries. In
the meantime, it has made marvellous progress among us, especially in
those great armies composed of honest well-disciplined hirelingsM
decide the destiny of states; for we may safely affirm that when an army
of thirty thousand men fights another of an equal number, there are
about twenty thousand of them p-x-d on each side."
"Well, this is wonderful!" said Candide, "but you must get cured."
"Alas! how can I?" said Pangloss, "I have not a farthing, my friend, and
all over the globe there is no letting of blood or taking a glister,
without paying, or somebody paying for you."
These last words determined Candide; he went and flungM
feet of the charitable Anabaptist James, and gave him so touching a
picture of the state to which his friend was reduced, that the good man
did not scruple to take Dr. Pangloss into his house, and had him cured
at his expense. In the cure Pangloss lost only an eye and an ear. He
wrote well, and knew arithmetic perfectly. The Anabaptist James made him
his bookkeeper. At the end of two months, being obliged to go to Lisbon
about some mercantile affairs, he took the two philosophers with him in
his ship. Pangloss explained to him how everything was so constituted
that it could not be better. James was not of this opinion.
"It is more likely," said he, "mankind have a little corrupted nature,
for they were not born wolves, and they have become wolves; God has
given them neither cannon of four-and-twenty pounders, nor bayonets; and
yet they have made cannon and bayonets to destroy one another. Into this
account I might throw not only bankrupts, but Justice which seizes on
the effects of bankrupts M
to cheat the creditors."
"All this was indispensable," replied the one-eyed doctor, "for private
misfortunes make the general good, so that the more private misfortunes
there are the greater is the general good."
While he reasoned, the sky darkened, the winds blew from the four
quarters, and the ship was assailed by a most terrible tempest within
sight of the port of Lisbon.
TEMPEST, SHIPWRECK, EARTHQUAKE, AND WHAT BECAME OF DOCTOR PANGLOSS,
CANDIDE, AND JAMES THE ANABAPTIST.
of that inconceivable anguish which the rolling of a ship
produces, one-half of the passengers were not even sensible of the
danger. The other half shrieked and prayed. The sheets were rent, the
masts broken, the vessel gaped. Work who would, no one heard, no one
commanded. The Anabaptist being upon deck bore a hand; when a brutish
sailor struck him roughly and laid him sprawling; but with the violence
of the blow he himself tumbled head foremost overboard, and stuck upon a
piece of the broken mast. Honest M
James ran to his assistance, hauled him
up, and from the effort he made was precipitated into the sea in sight
of the sailor, who left him to perish, without deigning to look at him.
Candide drew near and saw his benefactor, who rose above the water one
moment and was then swallowed up for ever. He was just going to jump
after him, but was prevented by the philosopher Pangloss, who
demonstrated to him that the Bay of Lisbon had been made on purpose for
the Anabaptist to be drowned. While he was proving this M
ship foundered; all perished except Pangloss, Candide, and that brutal
sailor who had drowned the good Anabaptist. The villain swam safely to
the shore, while Pangloss and Candide were borne thither upon a plank.
As soon as they recovered themselves a little they walked toward Lisbon.
They had some money left, with which they hoped to save themselves from
starving, after they had escaped drowning. Scarcely had they reached the
city, lamenting the death of their benefactor, when they felt thM
tremble under their feet. The sea swelled and foamed in the harbour, and
beat to pieces the vessels riding at anchor. Whirlwinds of fire and
ashes covered the streets and public places; houses fell, roofs were
flung upon the pavements, and the pavements were scattered. Thirty
thousand inhabitants of all ages and sexes were crushed under the
ruins.[4] The sailor, whistling and swearing, said there was booty to be
"What can be the _sufficient reason_ of this phenomenon?" said Pangloss.
"This is the Last Day!" cried Candide.
The sailor ran among the ruins, facing death to find money; finding it,
he took it, got drunk, and having slept himself sober, purchased the
favours of the first good-natured wench whom he met on the ruins of the
destroyed houses, and in the midst of the dying and the dead. Pangloss
pulled him by the sleeve.
"My friend," said he, "this is not right. You sin against the _universal
reason_; you choose your time badly."
"S'blood and fury!" answered the other; "I M
am a sailor and born at
Batavia. Four times have I trampled upon the crucifix in four voyages to
Japan[5]; a fig for thy universal reason."
Some falling stones had wounded Candide. He lay stretched in the street
covered with rubbish.
"Alas!" said he to Pangloss, "get me a little wine and oil; I am dying."
"This concussion of the earth is no new thing," answered Pangloss. "The
city of Lima, in America, experienced the same convulsions last year;
the same cause, the same effects; there is certainly a trM
under ground from Lima to Lisbon."
"Nothing more probable," said Candide; "but for the love of God a little
"How, probable?" replied the philosopher. "I maintain that the point is
capable of being demonstrated."
Candide fainted away, and Pangloss fetched him some water from a
neighbouring fountain. The following day they rummaged among the ruins
and found provisions, with which they repaired their exhausted strength.
After this they joined with others in relieving those M
had escaped death. Some, whom they had succoured, gave them as good a
dinner as they could in such disastrous circumstances; true, the repast
was mournful, and the company moistened their bread with tears; but
Pangloss consoled them, assuring them that things could not be
"For," said he, "all that is is for the best. If there is a volcano at
Lisbon it cannot be elsewhere. It is impossible that things should be
other than they are; for everything is right."
A little man dresseM
d in black, Familiar of the Inquisition, who sat by
him, politely took up his word and said:
"Apparently, then, sir, you do not believe in original sin; for if all
is for the best there has then been neither Fall nor punishment."
"I humbly ask your Excellency's pardon," answered Pangloss, still more
politely; "for the Fall and curse of man necessarily entered into the
system of the best of worlds."
"Sir," said the Familiar, "you do not then believe in liberty?"
"Your Excellency will excuse me," saidM
Pangloss; "liberty is consistent
with absolute necessity, for it was necessary we should be free; for, in
short, the determinate will----"
Pangloss was in the middle of his sentence, when the Familiar beckoned
to his footman, who gave him a glass of wine from Porto or Opporto.
HOW THE PORTUGUESE MADE A BEAUTIFUL AUTO-DA-FE, TO PREVENT ANY FURTHER
EARTHQUAKES; AND HOW CANDIDE WAS PUBLICLY WHIPPED.
After the earthquake had destroyed three-fourths of Lisbon, the sages of
think of no means more effectual to prevent utter
ruin than to give the people a beautiful _auto-da-fe_[6]; for it had
been decided by the University of Coimbra, that the burning of a few
people alive by a slow fire, and with great ceremony, is an infallible
secret to hinder the earth from quaking.
In consequence hereof, they had seized on a Biscayner, convicted of
having married his godmother, and on two Portuguese, for rejecting the
bacon which larded a chicken they were eating[7]; after dinner, they
ame and secured Dr. Pangloss, and his disciple Candide, the one for
speaking his mind, the other for having listened with an air of
approbation. They were conducted to separate apartments, extremely cold,
as they were never incommoded by the sun. Eight days after they were
dressed in _san-benitos_[8] and their heads ornamented with paper
mitres. The mitre and _san-benito_ belonging to Candide were painted
with reversed flames and with devils that had neither tails nor claws;
but Pangloss's devils had claws aM
nd tails and the flames were upright.
They marched in procession thus habited and heard a very pathetic
sermon, followed by fine church music. Candide was whipped in cadence
while they were singing; the Biscayner, and the two men who had refused
to eat bacon, were burnt; and Pangloss was hanged, though that was not
the custom. The same day the earth sustained a most violent concussion.
Candide, terrified, amazed, desperate, all bloody, all palpitating, said
"If this is the best of possible wM
orlds, what then are the others? Well,
if I had been only whipped I could put up with it, for I experienced
that among the Bulgarians; but oh, my dear Pangloss! thou greatest of
philosophers, that I should have seen you hanged, without knowing for
what! Oh, my dear Anabaptist, thou best of men, that thou should'st have
been drowned in the very harbour! Oh, Miss Cunegonde, thou pearl of
girls! that thou should'st have had thy belly ripped open!"
Thus he was musing, scarce able to stand, preached at, whippedM
absolved, and blessed, when an old woman accosted him saying:
"My son, take courage and follow me."
HOW THE OLD WOMAN TOOK CARE OF CANDIDE, AND HOW HE FOUND THE OBJECT HE
Candide did not take courage, but followed the old woman to a decayed
house, where she gave him a pot of pomatum to anoint his sores, showed
him a very neat little bed, with a suit of clothes hanging up, and left
him something to eat and drink.
"Eat, drink, sleep," said she, "and may our lady of Atocha,[9] M
St. Anthony of Padua, and the great St. James of Compostella, receive
you under their protection. I shall be back to-morrow."
Candide, amazed at all he had suffered and still more with the charity
of the old woman, wished to kiss her hand.
"It is not my hand you must kiss," said the old woman; "I shall be back
to-morrow. Anoint yourself with the pomatum, eat and sleep."
Candide, notwithstanding so many disasters, ate and slept. The next
morning the old woman brought him his breakfast, lookedM
rubbed it herself with another ointment: in like manner she brought him
his dinner; and at night she returned with his supper. The day following
she went through the very same ceremonies.
"Who are you?" said Candide; "who has inspired you with so much
goodness? What return can I make you?"
The good woman made no answer; she returned in the evening, but brought
"Come with me," she said, "and say nothing."
She took him by the arm, and walked with him about a quarter of a M
into the country; they arrived at a lonely house, surrounded with
gardens and canals. The old woman knocked at a little door, it opened,
she led Candide up a private staircase into a small apartment richly
furnished. She left him on a brocaded sofa, shut the door and went away.
Candide thought himself in a dream; indeed, that he had been dreaming
unluckily all his life, and that the present moment was the only
agreeable part of it all.
The old woman returned very soon, supporting with difficulty a trM
woman of a majestic figure, brilliant with jewels, and covered with a
"Take off that veil," said the old woman to Candide.
The young man approaches, he raises the veil with a timid hand. Oh!
what a moment! what surprise! he believes he beholds Miss Cunegonde? he
really sees her! it is herself! His strength fails him, he cannot utter
a word, but drops at her feet. Cunegonde falls upon the sofa. The old
woman supplies a smelling bottle; they come to themselves and recover
hey began with broken accents, with questions and
answers interchangeably interrupted with sighs, with tears, and cries.
The old woman desired they would make less noise and then she left them
"What, is it you?" said Candide, "you live? I find you again in
Portugal? then you have not been ravished? then they did not rip open
your belly as Doctor Pangloss informed me?"
"Yes, they did," said the beautiful Cunegonde; "but those two accidents
are not always mortal."
"But were your father aM
"It is but too true," answered Cunegonde, in tears.
"My brother also was killed."
"And why are you in Portugal? and how did you know of my being here? and
by what strange adventure did you contrive to bring me to this house?"
"I will tell you all that," replied the lady, "but first of all let me
know your history, since the innocent kiss you gave me and the kicks
which you received."
Candide respectfully obeyed her, and though he was still in a surprise,
though his voice was feeble and trembling, though his back still pained
him, yet he gave her a most ingenuous account of everything that had
befallen him since the moment of their separation. Cunegonde lifted up
her eyes to heaven; shed tears upon hearing of the death of the good
Anabaptist and of Pangloss; after which she spoke as follows to Candide,
who did not lose a word and devoured her with his eyes.
THE HISTORY OF CUNEGONDE.
"I was in bed and fast asleep when it pleased God to sendM
to our delightful castle of Thunder-ten-Tronckh; they slew my father and
brother, and cut my mother in pieces. A tall Bulgarian, six feet high,
perceiving that I had fainted away at this sight, began to ravish me;
this made me recover; I regained my senses, I cried, I struggled, I bit,
I scratched, I wanted to tear out the tall Bulgarian's eyes--not knowing
that what happened at my father's house was the usual practice of war.
The brute gave me a cut in the left side with his hanger, and the M
"Ah! I hope I shall see it," said honest Candide.
"You shall," said Cunegonde, "but let us continue."
"Do so," replied Candide.
Thus she resumed the thread of her story:
"A Bulgarian captain came in, saw me all bleeding, and the soldier not
in the least disconcerted. The captain flew into a passion at the
disrespectful behaviour of the brute, and slew him on my body. He
ordered my wounds to be dressed, and took me to his quarters as a
prisoner of war. I washed the few shiM
rts that he had, I did his cooking;
he thought me very pretty--he avowed it; on the other hand, I must own
he had a good shape, and a soft and white skin; but he had little or no
mind or philosophy, and you might see plainly that he had never been
instructed by Doctor Pangloss. In three months time, having lost all his
money, and being grown tired of my company, he sold me to a Jew, named
Don Issachar, who traded to Holland and Portugal, and had a strong
passion for women. This Jew was much attached to my peM
not triumph over it; I resisted him better than the Bulgarian soldier. A
modest woman may be ravished once, but her virtue is strengthened by it.
In order to render me more tractable, he brought me to this country
house. Hitherto I had imagined that nothing could equal the beauty of
Thunder-ten-Tronckh Castle; but I found I was mistaken.
"The Grand Inquisitor, seeing me one day at Mass, stared long at me, and
sent to tell me that he wished to speak on private matters. I was
s palace, where I acquainted him with the history of my
family, and he represented to me how much it was beneath my rank to
belong to an Israelite. A proposal was then made to Don Issachar that he
should resign me to my lord. Don Issachar, being the court banker, and a
man of credit, would hear nothing of it. The Inquisitor threatened him
with an _auto-da-fe_. At last my Jew, intimidated, concluded a bargain,
by which the house and myself should belong to both in common; the Jew
should have for himself MondaM
y, Wednesday, and Saturday, and the
Inquisitor should have the rest of the week. It is now six months since
this agreement was made. Quarrels have not been wanting, for they could
not decide whether the night from Saturday to Sunday belonged to the old
law or to the new. For my part, I have so far held out against both, and
I verily believe that this is the reason why I am still beloved.
"At length, to avert the scourge of earthquakes, and to intimidate Don
Issachar, my Lord Inquisitor was pleased to celebM
rate an _auto-da-fe_.
He did me the honour to invite me to the ceremony. I had a very good
seat, and the ladies were served with refreshments between Mass and the
execution. I was in truth seized with horror at the burning of those two
Jews, and of the honest Biscayner who had married his godmother; but
what was my surprise, my fright, my trouble, when I saw in a
_san-benito_ and mitre a figure which resembled that of Pangloss! I
rubbed my eyes, I looked at him attentively, I saw him hung; I fainted.
ly had I recovered my senses than I saw you stripped, stark naked,
and this was the height of my horror, consternation, grief, and despair.
I tell you, truthfully, that your skin is yet whiter and of a more
perfect colour than that of my Bulgarian captain. This spectacle
redoubled all the feelings which overwhelmed and devoured me. I screamed
out, and would have said, 'Stop, barbarians!' but my voice failed me,
and my cries would have been useless after you had been severely
whipped. How is it possible, saidM
I, that the beloved Candide and the
wise Pangloss should both be at Lisbon, the one to receive a hundred
lashes, and the other to be hanged by the Grand Inquisitor, of whom I am
the well-beloved? Pangloss most cruelly deceived me when he said that
everything in the world is for the best.
"Agitated, lost, sometimes beside myself, and sometimes ready to die of
weakness, my mind was filled with the massacre of my father, mother, and
brother, with the insolence of the ugly Bulgarian soldier, with the stab
at he gave me, with my servitude under the Bulgarian captain, with my
hideous Don Issachar, with my abominable Inquisitor, with the execution
of Doctor Pangloss, with the grand Miserere to which they whipped you,
and especially with the kiss I gave you behind the screen the day that I
had last seen you. I praised God for bringing you back to me after so
many trials, and I charged my old woman to take care of you, and to
conduct you hither as soon as possible. She has executed her commission
have tasted the inexpressible pleasure of seeing you
again, of hearing you, of speaking with you. But you must be hungry, for
myself, I am famished; let us have supper."
They both sat down to table, and, when supper was over, they placed
themselves once more on the sofa; where they were when Signor Don
Issachar arrived. It was the Jewish Sabbath, and Issachar had come to
enjoy his rights, and to explain his tender love.
WHAT BECAME OF CUNEGONDE, CANDIDE, THE GRAND INQUISITOR, AND THE JEW.
This Issachar was the most choleric Hebrew that had ever been seen in
Israel since the Captivity in Babylon.
"What!" said he, "thou bitch of a Galilean, was not the Inquisitor
enough for thee? Must this rascal also share with me?"
In saying this he drew a long poniard which he always carried about him;
and not imagining that his adversary had any arms he threw himself upon
Candide: but our honest Westphalian had received a handsome sword from
the old woman along with the suit of clothes. He drew his rM
despite his gentleness, and laid the Israelite stone dead upon the
cushions at Cunegonde's feet.
"Holy Virgin!" cried she, "what will become of us? A man killed in my
apartment! If the officers of justice come, we are lost!"
"Had not Pangloss been hanged," said Candide, "he would give us good
counsel in this emergency, for he was a profound philosopher. Failing
him let us consult the old woman."
She was very prudent and commenced to give her opinion when suddenly
another little door opened. ItM
was an hour after midnight, it was the
beginning of Sunday. This day belonged to my lord the Inquisitor. He
entered, and saw the whipped Candide, sword in hand, a dead man upon the
floor, Cunegonde aghast, and the old woman giving counsel.
At this moment, the following is what passed in the soul of Candide, and
If this holy man call in assistance, he will surely have me burnt; and
Cunegonde will perhaps be served in the same manner; he was the cause of
my being cruelly whipped; he is mM
y rival; and, as I have now begun to
kill, I will kill away, for there is no time to hesitate. This reasoning
was clear and instantaneous; so that without giving time to the
Inquisitor to recover from his surprise, he pierced him through and
through, and cast him beside the Jew.
"Yet again!" said Cunegonde, "now there is no mercy for us, we are
excommunicated, our last hour has come. How could you do it? you,
naturally so gentle, to slay a Jew and a prelate in two minutes!"
"My beautiful young lady," reM
sponded Candide, "when one is a lover,
jealous and whipped by the Inquisition, one stops at nothing."
The old woman then put in her word, saying:
"There are three Andalusian horses in the stable with bridles and
saddles, let the brave Candide get them ready; madame has money, jewels;
let us therefore mount quickly on horseback, though I can sit only on
one buttock; let us set out for Cadiz, it is the finest weather in the
world, and there is great pleasure in travelling in the cool of the
ediately Candide saddled the three horses, and Cunegonde, the old
woman and he, travelled thirty miles at a stretch. While they were
journeying, the Holy Brotherhood entered the house; my lord the
Inquisitor was interred in a handsome church, and Issachar's body was
thrown upon a dunghill.
Candide, Cunegonde, and the old woman, had now reached the little town
of Avacena in the midst of the mountains of the Sierra Morena, and were
speaking as follows in a public inn.
IN WHAT DISTRESS CANDIDE, M
CUNEGONDE, AND THE OLD WOMAN ARRIVED AT CADIZ;
AND OF THEIR EMBARKATION.
"Who was it that robbed me of my money and jewels?" said Cunegonde, all
bathed in tears. "How shall we live? What shall we do? Where find
Inquisitors or Jews who will give me more?"
"Alas!" said the old woman, "I have a shrewd suspicion of a reverend
Grey Friar, who stayed last night in the same inn with us at Badajos.
God preserve me from judging rashly, but he came into our room twice,
and he set out upon his journey long beforM
"Alas!" said Candide, "dear Pangloss has often demonstrated to me that
the goods of this world are common to all men, and that each has an
equal right to them. But according to these principles the Grey Friar
ought to have left us enough to carry us through our journey. Have you
nothing at all left, my dear Cunegonde?"
"Not a farthing," said she.
"What then must we do?" said Candide.
"Sell one of the horses," replied the old woman. "I will ride behind
Miss Cunegonde, though I can hold myselfM
only on one buttock, and we
In the same inn there was a Benedictine prior who bought the horse for a
cheap price. Candide, Cunegonde, and the old woman, having passed
through Lucena, Chillas, and Lebrixa, arrived at length at Cadiz. A
fleet was there getting ready, and troops assembling to bring to reason
the reverend Jesuit Fathers of Paraguay, accused of having made one of
the native tribes in the neighborhood of San Sacrament revolt against
the Kings of Spain and Portugal. Candide M
having been in the Bulgarian
service, performed the military exercise before the general of this
little army with so graceful an address, with so intrepid an air, and
with such agility and expedition, that he was given the command of a
company of foot. Now, he was a captain! He set sail with Miss Cunegonde,
the old woman, two valets, and the two Andalusian horses, which had
belonged to the grand Inquisitor of Portugal.
During their voyage they reasoned a good deal on the philosophy of poor
e are going into another world," said Candide; "and surely it must be
there that all is for the best. For I must confess there is reason to
complain a little of what passeth in our world in regard to both
natural and moral philosophy."
"I love you with all my heart," said Cunegonde; "but my soul is still
full of fright at that which I have seen and experienced."
"All will be well," replied Candide; "the sea of this new world is
already better than our European sea; it is calmer, the winds more
It is certainly the New World which is the best of all possible
"God grant it," said Cunegonde; "but I have been so horribly unhappy
there that my heart is almost closed to hope."
"You complain," said the old woman; "alas! you have not known such
misfortunes as mine."
Cunegonde almost broke out laughing, finding the good woman very
amusing, for pretending to have been as unfortunate as she.
"Alas!" said Cunegonde, "my good mother, unless you have been ravished
by two Bulgarians, have receiM
ved two deep wounds in your belly, have had
two castles demolished, have had two mothers cut to pieces before your
eyes, and two of your lovers whipped at an _auto-da-fe_, I do not
conceive how you could be more unfortunate than I. Add that I was born a
baroness of seventy-two quarterings--and have been a cook!"
"Miss," replied the old woman, "you do not know my birth; and were I to
show you my backside, you would not talk in that manner, but would
suspend your judgment."
This speech having raised extreM
me curiosity in the minds of Cunegonde
and Candide, the old woman spoke to them as follows.
HISTORY OF THE OLD WOMAN.
"I had not always bleared eyes and red eyelids; neither did my nose
always touch my chin; nor was I always a servant. I am the daughter of
Pope Urban X,[10] and of the Princess of Palestrina. Until the age of
fourteen I was brought up in a palace, to which all the castles of your
German barons would scarcely have served for stables; and one of my
robes was worth more than aM
ll the magnificence of Westphalia. As I grew
up I improved in beauty, wit, and every graceful accomplishment, in the
midst of pleasures, hopes, and respectful homage. Already I inspired
love. My throat was formed, and such a throat! white, firm, and shaped
like that of the Venus of Medici; and what eyes! what eyelids! what
black eyebrows! such flames darted from my dark pupils that they
eclipsed the scintillation of the stars--as I was told by the poets in
our part of the world. My waiting women, when dressiM
me, used to fall into an ecstasy, whether they viewed me before or
behind; how glad would the gentlemen have been to perform that office
"I was affianced to the most excellent Prince of Massa Carara. Such a
prince! as handsome as myself, sweet-tempered, agreeable, brilliantly
witty, and sparkling with love. I loved him as one loves for the first
time--with idolatry, with transport. The nuptials were prepared. There
was surprising pomp and magnificence; there were _fetes_, carouM
continual _opera bouffe_; and all Italy composed sonnets in my praise,
though not one of them was passable. I was just upon the point of
reaching the summit of bliss, when an old marchioness who had been
mistress to the Prince, my husband, invited him to drink chocolate with
her. He died in less than two hours of most terrible convulsions. But
this is only a bagatelle. My mother, in despair, and scarcely less
afflicted than myself, determined to absent herself for some time from
so fatal a place. She M
had a very fine estate in the neighbourhood of
Gaeta. We embarked on board a galley of the country which was gilded
like the great altar of St. Peter's at Rome. A Sallee corsair swooped
down and boarded us. Our men defended themselves like the Pope's
soldiers; they flung themselves upon their knees, and threw down their
arms, begging of the corsair an absolution _in articulo mortis_.
"Instantly they were stripped as bare as monkeys; my mother, our maids
of honour, and myself were all served in the same manM
with what expedition those gentry undress people. But what surprised me
most was, that they thrust their fingers into the part of our bodies
which the generality of women suffer no other instrument but--pipes to
enter. It appeared to me a very strange kind of ceremony; but thus one
judges of things when one has not seen the world. I afterwards learnt
that it was to try whether we had concealed any diamonds. This is the
practice established from time immemorial, among civilised nations thatM
scour the seas. I was informed that the very religious Knights of Malta
never fail to make this search when they take any Turkish prisoners of
either sex. It is a law of nations from which they never deviate.
"I need not tell _you_ how great a hardship it was for a young princess
and her mother to be made slaves and carried to Morocco. You may easily
imagine all we had to suffer on board the pirate vessel. My mother was
still very handsome; our maids of honour, and even our waiting women,
than are to be found in all Africa. As for myself, I was
ravishing, was exquisite, grace itself, and I was a virgin! I did not
remain so long; this flower, which had been reserved for the handsome
Prince of Massa Carara, was plucked by the corsair captain. He was an
abominable negro, and yet believed that he did me a great deal of
honour. Certainly the Princess of Palestrina and myself must have been
very strong to go through all that we experienced until our arrival at
Morocco. But let us pass on; these arM
e such common things as not to be
"Morocco swam in blood when we arrived. Fifty sons of the Emperor
Muley-Ismael[11] had each their adherents; this produced fifty civil
wars, of blacks against blacks, and blacks against tawnies, and tawnies
against tawnies, and mulattoes against mulattoes. In short it was a
continual carnage throughout the empire.
"No sooner were we landed, than the blacks of a contrary faction to that
of my captain attempted to rob him of his booty. Next to jewels andM
we were the most valuable things he had. I was witness to such a battle
as you have never seen in your European climates. The northern nations
have not that heat in their blood, nor that raging lust for women, so
common in Africa. It seems that you Europeans have only milk in your
veins; but it is vitriol, it is fire which runs in those of the
inhabitants of Mount Atlas and the neighbouring countries. They fought
with the fury of the lions, tigers, and serpents of the country, to see
s. A Moor seized my mother by the right arm, while my
captain's lieutenant held her by the left; a Moorish soldier had hold of
her by one leg, and one of our corsairs held her by the other. Thus
almost all our women were drawn in quarters by four men. My captain
concealed me behind him; and with his drawn scimitar cut and slashed
every one that opposed his fury. At length I saw all our Italian women,
and my mother herself, torn, mangled, massacred, by the monsters who
disputed over them. The slaves, my compaM
nions, those who had taken them,
soldiers, sailors, blacks, whites, mulattoes, and at last my captain,
all were killed, and I remained dying on a heap of dead. Such scenes as
this were transacted through an extent of three hundred leagues--and yet
they never missed the five prayers a day ordained by Mahomet.
"With difficulty I disengaged myself from such a heap of slaughtered
bodies, and crawled to a large orange tree on the bank of a neighbouring
rivulet, where I fell, oppressed with fright, fatigue, horrM
and hunger. Immediately after, my senses, overpowered, gave themselves
up to sleep, which was yet more swooning than repose. I was in this
state of weakness and insensibility, between life and death, when I
felt myself pressed by something that moved upon my body. I opened my
eyes, and saw a white man, of good countenance, who sighed, and who said
between his teeth: '_O che sciagura d'essere senza coglioni!_'"[12]
THE ADVENTURES OF THE OLD WOMAN CONTINUED.
"Astonished and delM
ighted to hear my native language, and no less
surprised at what this man said, I made answer that there were much
greater misfortunes than that of which he complained. I told him in a
few words of the horrors which I had endured, and fainted a second time.
He carried me to a neighbouring house, put me to bed, gave me food,
waited upon me, consoled me, flattered me; he told me that he had never
seen any one so beautiful as I, and that he never so much regretted the
loss of what it was impossible to recover.
"'I was born at Naples,' said he, 'there they geld two or three thousand
children every year; some die of the operation, others acquire a voice
more beautiful than that of women, and others are raised to offices of
state.[13] This operation was performed on me with great success and I
was chapel musician to madam, the Princess of Palestrina.'
"'To my mother!' cried I.
"'Your mother!' cried he, weeping. 'What! can you be that young
princess whom I brought up until the age of six years, and who promisedM
so early to be as beautiful as you?'
"'It is I, indeed; but my mother lies four hundred yards hence, torn in
quarters, under a heap of dead bodies.'
"I told him all my adventures, and he made me acquainted with his;
telling me that he had been sent to the Emperor of Morocco by a
Christian power, to conclude a treaty with that prince, in consequence
of which he was to be furnished with military stores and ships to help
to demolish the commerce of other Christian Governments.
"'My mission is done,' saM
id this honest eunuch; 'I go to embark for
Ceuta, and will take you to Italy. _Ma che sciagura d'essere senza
"I thanked him with tears of commiseration; and instead of taking me to
Italy he conducted me to Algiers, where he sold me to the Dey. Scarcely
was I sold, than the plague which had made the tour of Africa, Asia, and
Europe, broke out with great malignancy in Algiers. You have seen
earthquakes; but pray, miss, have you ever had the plague?"
"Never," answered Cunegonde.
," said the old woman, "you would acknowledge that it is far
more terrible than an earthquake. It is common in Africa, and I caught
it. Imagine to yourself the distressed situation of the daughter of a
Pope, only fifteen years old, who, in less than three months, had felt
the miseries of poverty and slavery, had been ravished almost every day,
had beheld her mother drawn in quarters, had experienced famine and war,
and was dying of the plague in Algiers. I did not die, however, but my
eunuch, and the Dey, anM
d almost the whole seraglio of Algiers perished.
"As soon as the first fury of this terrible pestilence was over, a sale
was made of the Dey's slaves; I was purchased by a merchant, and carried
to Tunis; this man sold me to another merchant, who sold me again to
another at Tripoli; from Tripoli I was sold to Alexandria, from
Alexandria to Smyrna, and from Smyrna to Constantinople. At length I
became the property of an Aga of the Janissaries, who was soon ordered
away to the defence of Azof, then besieged bM
"The Aga, who was a very gallant man, took his whole seraglio with him,
and lodged us in a small fort on the Palus Meotides, guarded by two
black eunuchs and twenty soldiers. The Turks killed prodigious numbers
of the Russians, but the latter had their revenge. Azof was destroyed by
fire, the inhabitants put to the sword, neither sex nor age was spared;
until there remained only our little fort, and the enemy wanted to
starve us out. The twenty Janissaries had sworn they would never
der. The extremities of famine to which they were reduced, obliged
them to eat our two eunuchs, for fear of violating their oath. And at
the end of a few days they resolved also to devour the women.
"We had a very pious and humane Iman, who preached an excellent sermon,
exhorting them not to kill us all at once.
"'Only cut off a buttock of each of those ladies,' said he, 'and you'll
fare extremely well; if you must go to it again, there will be the same
entertainment a few days hence; heaven will accept M
action, and send you relief.'
"He had great eloquence; he persuaded them; we underwent this terrible
operation. The Iman applied the same balsam to us, as he does to
children after circumcision; and we all nearly died.
"Scarcely had the Janissaries finished the repast with which we had
furnished them, than the Russians came in flat-bottomed boats; not a
Janissary escaped. The Russians paid no attention to the condition we
were in. There are French surgeons in all parts of the world; M
them who was very clever took us under his care--he cured us; and as
long as I live I shall remember that as soon as my wounds were healed he
made proposals to me. He bid us all be of good cheer, telling us that
the like had happened in many sieges, and that it was according to the
"As soon as my companions could walk, they were obliged to set out for
Moscow. I fell to the share of a Boyard who made me his gardener, and
gave me twenty lashes a day. But this nobleman having in two yearsM
been broke upon the wheel along with thirty more Boyards for some broils
at court, I profited by that event; I fled. I traversed all Russia; I
was a long time an inn-holder's servant at Riga, the same at Rostock, at
Vismar, at Leipzig, at Cassel, at Utrecht, at Leyden, at the Hague, at
Rotterdam. I waxed old in misery and disgrace, having only one-half of
my posteriors, and always remembering I was a Pope's daughter. A hundred
times I was upon the point of killing myself; but still I loved life.
ridiculous foible is perhaps one of our most fatal characteristics;
for is there anything more absurd than to wish to carry continually a
burden which one can always throw down? to detest existence and yet to
cling to one's existence? in brief, to caress the serpent which devours
us, till he has eaten our very heart?
"In the different countries which it has been my lot to traverse, and
the numerous inns where I have been servant, I have taken notice of a
vast number of people who held their own existence M
yet I never knew of more than eight who voluntarily put an end to their
misery; three negroes, four Englishmen, and a German professor named
Robek.[14] I ended by being servant to the Jew, Don Issachar, who placed
me near your presence, my fair lady. I am determined to share your fate,
and have been much more affected with your misfortunes than with my own.
I would never even have spoken to you of my misfortunes, had you not
piqued me a little, and if it were not customary to tell stories M
board a ship in order to pass away the time. In short, Miss Cunegonde, I
have had experience, I know the world; therefore I advise you to divert
yourself, and prevail upon each passenger to tell his story; and if
there be one of them all, that has not cursed his life many a time, that
has not frequently looked upon himself as the unhappiest of mortals, I
give you leave to throw me headforemost into the sea."
HOW CANDIDE WAS FORCED AWAY FROM HIS FAIR CUNEGONDE AND THE OLD WOMAN.
autiful Cunegonde having heard the old woman's history, paid her
all the civilities due to a person of her rank and merit. She likewise
accepted her proposal, and engaged all the passengers, one after the
other, to relate their adventures; and then both she and Candide allowed
that the old woman was in the right.
"It is a great pity," said Candide, "that the sage Pangloss was hanged
contrary to custom at an _auto-da-fe_; he would tell us most amazing
things in regard to the physical and moral evils that ovM
and sea, and I should be able, with due respect, to make a few
While each passenger was recounting his story, the ship made her way.
They landed at Buenos Ayres. Cunegonde, Captain Candide, and the old
woman, waited on the Governor, Don Fernando d'Ibaraa, y Figueora, y
Mascarenes, y Lampourdos, y Souza. This nobleman had a stateliness
becoming a person who bore so many names. He spoke to men with so noble
a disdain, carried his nose so loftily, raised his voice so
, assumed so imperious an air, and stalked with such
intolerable pride, that those who saluted him were strongly inclined to
give him a good drubbing. Cunegonde appeared to him the most beautiful
he had ever met. The first thing he did was to ask whether she was not
the captain's wife. The manner in which he asked the question alarmed
Candide; he durst not say she was his wife, because indeed she was not;
neither durst he say she was his sister, because it was not so; and
although this obliging lie had been M
formerly much in favour among the
ancients, and although it could be useful to the moderns, his soul was
too pure to betray the truth.
"Miss Cunegonde," said he, "is to do me the honour to marry me, and we
beseech your excellency to deign to sanction our marriage."
Don Fernando d'Ibaraa, y Figueora, y Mascarenes, y Lampourdos, y Souza,
turning up his moustachios, smiled mockingly, and ordered Captain
Candide to go and review his company. Candide obeyed, and the Governor
remained alone with Miss CunegondM
e. He declared his passion, protesting
he would marry her the next day in the face of the church, or otherwise,
just as should be agreeable to herself. Cunegonde asked a quarter of an
hour to consider of it, to consult the old woman, and to take her
The old woman spoke thus to Cunegonde:
"Miss, you have seventy-two quarterings, and not a farthing; it is now
in your power to be wife to the greatest lord in South America, who has
very beautiful moustachios. Is it for you to pique yourself uponM
inviolable fidelity? You have been ravished by Bulgarians; a Jew and an
Inquisitor have enjoyed your favours. Misfortune gives sufficient
excuse. I own, that if I were in your place, I should have no scruple in
marrying the Governor and in making the fortune of Captain Candide."
While the old woman spoke with all the prudence which age and experience
gave, a small ship entered the port on board of which were an Alcalde
and his alguazils, and this was what had happened.
As the old woman had shrewdly gueM
ssed, it was a Grey Friar who stole
Cunegonde's money and jewels in the town of Badajos, when she and
Candide were escaping. The Friar wanted to sell some of the diamonds to
a jeweller; the jeweller knew them to be the Grand Inquisitor's. The
Friar before he was hanged confessed he had stolen them. He described
the persons, and the route they had taken. The flight of Cunegonde and
Candide was already known. They were traced to Cadiz. A vessel was
immediately sent in pursuit of them. The vessel was already inM
of Buenos Ayres. The report spread that the Alcalde was going to land,
and that he was in pursuit of the murderers of my lord the Grand
Inquisitor. The prudent old woman saw at once what was to be done.
"You cannot run away," said she to Cunegonde, "and you have nothing to
fear, for it was not you that killed my lord; besides the Governor who
loves you will not suffer you to be ill-treated; therefore stay."
She then ran immediately to Candide.
"Fly," said she, "or in an hour you will be burnM
There was not a moment to lose; but how could he part from Cunegonde,
and where could he flee for shelter?
HOW CANDIDE AND CACAMBO WERE RECEIVED BY THE JESUITS OF PARAGUAY.
Candide had brought such a valet with him from Cadiz, as one often meets
with on the coasts of Spain and in the American colonies. He was a
quarter Spaniard, born of a mongrel in Tucuman; he had been singing-boy,
sacristan, sailor, monk, pedlar, soldier, and lackey. His name was
Cacambo, and he loved his master, M
because his master was a very good
man. He quickly saddled the two Andalusian horses.
"Come, master, let us follow the old woman's advice; let us start, and
run without looking behind us."
"Oh! my dear Cunegonde! must I leave you just at a time when the
Governor was going to sanction our nuptials? Cunegonde, brought to such
a distance what will become of you?"
"She will do as well as she can," said Cacambo; "the women are never at
a loss, God provides for them, let us run."
Whither art thou carrying me? Where shall we go? What shall we do
without Cunegonde?" said Candide.
"By St. James of Compostella," said Cacambo, "you were going to fight
against the Jesuits; let us go to fight for them; I know the road well,
I'll conduct you to their kingdom, where they will be charmed to have a
captain that understands the Bulgarian exercise. You'll make a
prodigious fortune; if we cannot find our account in one world we shall
in another. It is a great pleasure to see and do new things."
"You have before been in Paraguay, then?" said Candide.
"Ay, sure," answered Cacambo, "I was servant in the College of the
Assumption, and am acquainted with the government of the good Fathers as
well as I am with the streets of Cadiz. It is an admirable government.
The kingdom is upwards of three hundred leagues in diameter, and divided
into thirty provinces; there the Fathers possess all, and the people
nothing; it is a masterpiece of reason and justice. For my part I see
nothing so divine as the FathM
ers who here make war upon the kings of
Spain and Portugal, and in Europe confess those kings; who here kill
Spaniards, and in Madrid send them to heaven; this delights me, let us
push forward. You are going to be the happiest of mortals. What pleasure
will it be to those Fathers to hear that a captain who knows the
Bulgarian exercise has come to them!"
As soon as they reached the first barrier, Cacambo told the advanced
guard that a captain wanted to speak with my lord the Commandant. Notice
the main guard, and immediately a Paraguayan officer ran
and laid himself at the feet of the Commandant, to impart this news to
him. Candide and Cacambo were disarmed, and their two Andalusian horses
seized. The strangers were introduced between two files of musketeers;
the Commandant was at the further end, with the three-cornered cap on
his head, his gown tucked up, a sword by his side, and a spontoon[15] in
his hand. He beckoned, and straightway the new-comers were encompassed
by four-and-twenty soldiersM
. A sergeant told them they must wait, that
the Commandant could not speak to them, and that the reverend Father
Provincial does not suffer any Spaniard to open his mouth but in his
presence, or to stay above three hours in the province.
"And where is the reverend Father Provincial?" said Cacambo.
"He is upon the parade just after celebrating mass," answered the
sergeant, "and you cannot kiss his spurs till three hours hence."
"However," said Cacambo, "the captain is not a Spaniard, but a German,
s ready to perish with hunger as well as myself; cannot we have
something for breakfast, while we wait for his reverence?"
The sergeant went immediately to acquaint the Commandant with what he
"God be praised!" said the reverend Commandant, "since he is a German, I
may speak to him; take him to my arbour."
Candide was at once conducted to a beautiful summer-house, ornamented
with a very pretty colonnade of green and gold marble, and with
trellises, enclosing parraquets, humming-birds, fly-bM
and all other rare birds. An excellent breakfast was provided in vessels
of gold; and while the Paraguayans were eating maize out of wooden
dishes, in the open fields and exposed to the heat of the sun, the
reverend Father Commandant retired to his arbour.
He was a very handsome young man, with a full face, white skin but high
in colour; he had an arched eyebrow, a lively eye, red ears, vermilion
lips, a bold air, but such a boldness as neither belonged to a Spaniard
nor a Jesuit. They M
returned their arms to Candide and Cacambo, and also
the two Andalusian horses; to whom Cacambo gave some oats to eat just by
the arbour, having an eye upon them all the while for fear of a
Candide first kissed the hem of the Commandant's robe, then they sat
"You are, then, a German?" said the Jesuit to him in that language.
"Yes, reverend Father," answered Candide.
As they pronounced these words they looked at each other with great
amazement, and with such an emotion as thM
ey could not conceal.
"And from what part of Germany do you come?" said the Jesuit.
"I am from the dirty province of Westphalia," answered Candide; "I was
born in the Castle of Thunder-ten-Tronckh."
"Oh! Heavens! is it possible?" cried the Commandant.
"What a miracle!" cried Candide.
"Is it really you?" said the Commandant.
"It is not possible!" said Candide.
They drew back; they embraced; they shed rivulets of tears.
"What, is it you, reverend Father? You, the brother of the fair
e! You, that was slain by the Bulgarians! You, the Baron's son!
You, a Jesuit in Paraguay! I must confess this is a strange world that
we live in. Oh, Pangloss! Pangloss! how glad you would be if you had not
The Commandant sent away the negro slaves and the Paraguayans, who
served them with liquors in goblets of rock-crystal. He thanked God and
St. Ignatius a thousand times; he clasped Candide in his arms; and their
faces were all bathed with tears.
"You will be more surprised, more affectM
ed, and transported," said
Candide, "when I tell you that Cunegonde, your sister, whom you believe
to have been ripped open, is in perfect health."
"In your neighbourhood, with the Governor of Buenos Ayres; and I was
going to fight against you."
Every word which they uttered in this long conversation but added wonder
to wonder. Their souls fluttered on their tongues, listened in their
ears, and sparkled in their eyes. As they were Germans, they sat a good
while at table, waiting for the reveM
rend Father Provincial, and the
Commandant spoke to his dear Candide as follows.
HOW CANDIDE KILLED THE BROTHER OF HIS DEAR CUNEGONDE.
"I shall have ever present to my memory the dreadful day, on which I saw
my father and mother killed, and my sister ravished. When the Bulgarians
retired, my dear sister could not be found; but my mother, my father,
and myself, with two maid-servants and three little boys all of whom had
been slain, were put in a hearse, to be conveyed for interment to a
apel belonging to the Jesuits, within two leagues of our family seat.
A Jesuit sprinkled us with some holy water; it was horribly salt; a few
drops of it fell into my eyes; the father perceived that my eyelids
stirred a little; he put his hand upon my heart and felt it beat. I
received assistance, and at the end of three weeks I recovered. You
know, my dear Candide, I was very pretty; but I grew much prettier, and
the reverend Father Didrie,[16] Superior of that House, conceived the
tenderest friendship for M
me; he gave me the habit of the order, some
years after I was sent to Rome. The Father-General needed new levies of
young German-Jesuits. The sovereigns of Paraguay admit as few Spanish
Jesuits as possible; they prefer those of other nations as being more
subordinate to their commands. I was judged fit by the reverend
Father-General to go and work in this vineyard. We set out--a Pole, a
Tyrolese, and myself. Upon my arrival I was honoured with a
sub-deaconship and a lieutenancy. I am to-day colonel and priesM
shall give a warm reception to the King of Spain's troops; I will answer
for it that they shall be excommunicated and well beaten. Providence
sends you here to assist us. But is it, indeed, true that my dear sister
Cunegonde is in the neighbourhood, with the Governor of Buenos Ayres?"
Candide assured him on oath that nothing was more true, and their tears
The Baron could not refrain from embracing Candide; he called him his
brother, his saviour.
"Ah! perhaps," said he, "we shall tM
ogether, my dear Candide, enter the
town as conquerors, and recover my sister Cunegonde."
"That is all I want," said Candide, "for I intended to marry her, and I
still hope to do so."
"You insolent!" replied the Baron, "would you have the impudence to
marry my sister who has seventy-two quarterings! I find thou hast the
most consummate effrontery to dare to mention so presumptuous a design!"
Candide, petrified at this speech, made answer:
"Reverend Father, all the quarterings in the world signify noM
rescued your sister from the arms of a Jew and of an Inquisitor; she has
great obligations to me, she wishes to marry me; Master Pangloss always
told me that all men are equal, and certainly I will marry her."
"We shall see that, thou scoundrel!" said the Jesuit Baron de
Thunder-ten-Tronckh, and that instant struck him across the face with
the flat of his sword. Candide in an instant drew his rapier, and
plunged it up to the hilt in the Jesuit's belly; but in pulling it out
reeking hot, he burst M
"Good God!" said he, "I have killed my old master, my friend, my
brother-in-law! I am the best-natured creature in the world, and yet I
have already killed three men, and of these three two were priests."
Cacambo, who stood sentry by the door of the arbour, ran to him.
"We have nothing more for it than to sell our lives as dearly as we
can," said his master to him, "without doubt some one will soon enter
the arbour, and we must die sword in hand."
Cacambo, who had been in a great many scM
rapes in his lifetime, did not
lose his head; he took the Baron's Jesuit habit, put it on Candide, gave
him the square cap, and made him mount on horseback. All this was done
in the twinkling of an eye.
"Let us gallop fast, master, everybody will take you for a Jesuit, going
to give directions to your men, and we shall have passed the frontiers
before they will be able to overtake us."
He flew as he spoke these words, crying out aloud in Spanish:
"Make way, make way, for the reverend Father Colonel."
ADVENTURES OF THE TWO TRAVELLERS, WITH TWO GIRLS, TWO MONKEYS, AND THE
SAVAGES CALLED OREILLONS.
Candide and his valet had got beyond the barrier, before it was known in
the camp that the German Jesuit was dead. The wary Cacambo had taken
care to fill his wallet with bread, chocolate, bacon, fruit, and a few
bottles of wine. With their Andalusian horses they penetrated into an
unknown country, where they perceived no beaten track. At length they
came to a beautiful meadow intersected withM
purling rills. Here our two
adventurers fed their horses. Cacambo proposed to his master to take
some food, and he set him an example.
"How can you ask me to eat ham," said Candide, "after killing the
Baron's son, and being doomed never more to see the beautiful Cunegonde?
What will it avail me to spin out my wretched days and drag them far
from her in remorse and despair? And what will the _Journal of
While he was thus lamenting his fate, he went on eating. The sun went
wo wanderers heard some little cries which seemed to be
uttered by women. They did not know whether they were cries of pain or
joy; but they started up precipitately with that inquietude and alarm
which every little thing inspires in an unknown country. The noise was
made by two naked girls, who tripped along the mead, while two monkeys
were pursuing them and biting their buttocks. Candide was moved with
pity; he had learned to fire a gun in the Bulgarian service, and he was
so clever at it, that he could hiM
t a filbert in a hedge without touching
a leaf of the tree. He took up his double-barrelled Spanish fusil, let
it off, and killed the two monkeys.
"God be praised! My dear Cacambo, I have rescued those two poor
creatures from a most perilous situation. If I have committed a sin in
killing an Inquisitor and a Jesuit, I have made ample amends by saving
the lives of these girls. Perhaps they are young ladies of family; and
this adventure may procure us great advantages in this country."
He was continuing, M
but stopped short when he saw the two girls tenderly
embracing the monkeys, bathing their bodies in tears, and rending the
air with the most dismal lamentations.
"Little did I expect to see such good-nature," said he at length to
Cacambo; who made answer:
"Master, you have done a fine thing now; you have slain the sweethearts
of those two young ladies."
"The sweethearts! Is it possible? You are jesting, Cacambo, I can never
"Dear master," replied Cacambo; "you are surprised at everythiM
should you think it so strange that in some countries there are monkeys
which insinuate themselves into the good graces of the ladies; they are
a fourth part human, as I am a fourth part Spaniard."
"Alas!" replied Candide, "I remember to have heard Master Pangloss say,
that formerly such accidents used to happen; that these mixtures were
productive of Centaurs, Fauns, and Satyrs; and that many of the ancients
had seen such monsters, but I looked upon the whole as fabulous."
"You ought now to be M
convinced," said Cacambo, "that it is the truth,
and you see what use is made of those creatures, by persons that have
not had a proper education; all I fear is that those ladies will play us
These sound reflections induced Candide to leave the meadow and to
plunge into a wood. He supped there with Cacambo; and after cursing the
Portuguese inquisitor, the Governor of Buenos Ayres, and the Baron, they
fell asleep on moss. On awaking they felt that they could not move; for
the Oreillons, who inhabited that country, and to whom
the ladies had denounced them, had bound them with cords made of the
bark of trees. They were encompassed by fifty naked Oreillons, armed
with bows and arrows, with clubs and flint hatchets. Some were making a
large cauldron boil, others were preparing spits, and all cried:
"A Jesuit! a Jesuit! we shall be revenged, we shall have excellent
cheer, let us eat the Jesuit, let us eat him up!"
"I told you, my dear master," cried Cacambo sadly, "that thosM
would play us some ugly trick."
Candide seeing the cauldron and the spits, cried:
"We are certainly going to be either roasted or boiled. Ah! what would
Master Pangloss say, were he to see how pure nature is formed?
Everything is right, may be, but I declare it is very hard to have lost
Miss Cunegonde and to be put upon a spit by Oreillons."
Cacambo never lost his head.
"Do not despair," said he to the disconsolate Candide, "I understand a
little of the jargon of these people, I will spM
"Be sure," said Candide, "to represent to them how frightfully inhuman
it is to cook men, and how very un-Christian."
"Gentlemen," said Cacambo, "you reckon you are to-day going to feast
upon a Jesuit. It is all very well, nothing is more unjust than thus to
treat your enemies. Indeed, the law of nature teaches us to kill our
neighbour, and such is the practice all over the world. If we do not
accustom ourselves to eating them, it is because we have better fare.
But you have not the same rM
esources as we; certainly it is much better
to devour your enemies than to resign to the crows and rooks the fruits
of your victory. But, gentlemen, surely you would not choose to eat your
friends. You believe that you are going to spit a Jesuit, and he is your
defender. It is the enemy of your enemies that you are going to roast.
As for myself, I was born in your country; this gentleman is my master,
and, far from being a Jesuit, he has just killed one, whose spoils he
wears; and thence comes your mistake. M
To convince you of the truth of
what I say, take his habit and carry it to the first barrier of the
Jesuit kingdom, and inform yourselves whether my master did not kill a
Jesuit officer. It will not take you long, and you can always eat us if
you find that I have lied to you. But I have told you the truth. You are
too well acquainted with the principles of public law, humanity, and
justice not to pardon us."
The Oreillons found this speech very reasonable. They deputed two of
their principal people with aM
ll expedition to inquire into the truth of
the matter; these executed their commission like men of sense, and soon
returned with good news. The Oreillons untied their prisoners, showed
them all sorts of civilities, offered them girls, gave them refreshment,
and reconducted them to the confines of their territories, proclaiming
"He is no Jesuit! He is no Jesuit!"
Candide could not help being surprised at the cause of his deliverance.
"What people!" said he; "what men! what manners! If IM
lucky as to run Miss Cunegonde's brother through the body, I should have
been devoured without redemption. But, after all, pure nature is good,
since these people, instead of feasting upon my flesh, have shown me a
thousand civilities, when then I was not a Jesuit."
ARRIVAL OF CANDIDE AND HIS VALET AT EL DORADO, AND WHAT THEY SAW THERE.
"You see," said Cacambo to Candide, as soon as they had reached the
frontiers of the Oreillons, "that this hemisphere is not better than M
others, take my word for it; let us go back to Europe by the shortest
"How go back?" said Candide, "and where shall we go? to my own country?
The Bulgarians and the Abares are slaying all; to Portugal? there I
shall be burnt; and if we abide here we are every moment in danger of
being spitted. But how can I resolve to quit a part of the world where
my dear Cunegonde resides?"
"Let us turn towards Cayenne," said Cacambo, "there we shall find
Frenchmen, who wander all over the world; they may aM
perhaps have pity on us."
It was not easy to get to Cayenne; they knew vaguely in which direction
to go, but rivers, precipices, robbers, savages, obstructed them all the
way. Their horses died of fatigue. Their provisions were consumed; they
fed a whole month upon wild fruits, and found themselves at last near a
little river bordered with cocoa trees, which sustained their lives and
Cacambo, who was as good a counsellor as the old woman, said to Candide:
to hold out no longer; we have walked enough. I see an
empty canoe near the river-side; let us fill it with cocoanuts, throw
ourselves into it, and go with the current; a river always leads to some
inhabited spot. If we do not find pleasant things we shall at least find
"With all my heart," said Candide, "let us recommend ourselves to
They rowed a few leagues, between banks, in some places flowery, in
others barren; in some parts smooth, in others rugged. The stream ever
ed, and at length lost itself under an arch of frightful rocks
which reached to the sky. The two travellers had the courage to commit
themselves to the current. The river, suddenly contracting at this
place, whirled them along with a dreadful noise and rapidity. At the end
of four-and-twenty hours they saw daylight again, but their canoe was
dashed to pieces against the rocks. For a league they had to creep from
rock to rock, until at length they discovered an extensive plain,
bounded by inaccessible mountaiM
ns. The country was cultivated as much
for pleasure as for necessity. On all sides the useful was also the
beautiful. The roads were covered, or rather adorned, with carriages of
a glittering form and substance, in which were men and women of
surprising beauty, drawn by large red sheep which surpassed in fleetness
the finest coursers of Andalusia, Tetuan, and Mequinez.[18]
"Here, however, is a country," said Candide, "which is better than
He stepped out with Cacambo towards the first villagM
e which he saw. Some
children dressed in tattered brocades played at quoits on the outskirts.
Our travellers from the other world amused themselves by looking on. The
quoits were large round pieces, yellow, red, and green, which cast a
singular lustre! The travellers picked a few of them off the ground;
this was of gold, that of emeralds, the other of rubies--the least of
them would have been the greatest ornament on the Mogul's throne.
"Without doubt," said Cacambo, "these children must be the king's sonsM
that are playing at quoits!"
The village schoolmaster appeared at this moment and called them to
"There," said Candide, "is the preceptor of the royal family."
The little truants immediately quitted their game, leaving the quoits
on the ground with all their other playthings. Candide gathered them up,
ran to the master, and presented them to him in a most humble manner,
giving him to understand by signs that their royal highnesses had
forgotten their gold and jewels. The schoolmaster, smilinM
upon the ground; then, looking at Candide with a good deal of surprise,
went about his business.
The travellers, however, took care to gather up the gold, the rubies,
"Where are we?" cried Candide. "The king's children in this country must
be well brought up, since they are taught to despise gold and precious
Cacambo was as much surprised as Candide. At length they drew near the
first house in the village. It was built like an European palace. A
le pressed about the door, and there were still more in the
house. They heard most agreeable music, and were aware of a delicious
odour of cooking. Cacambo went up to the door and heard they were
talking Peruvian; it was his mother tongue, for it is well known that
Cacambo was born in Tucuman, in a village where no other language was
"I will be your interpreter here," said he to Candide; "let us go in, it
Immediately two waiters and two girls, dressed in cloth of gold, and
heir hair tied up with ribbons, invited them to sit down to table with
the landlord. They served four dishes of soup, each garnished with two
young parrots; a boiled condor[19] which weighed two hundred pounds; two
roasted monkeys, of excellent flavour; three hundred humming-birds in
one dish, and six hundred fly-birds in another; exquisite ragouts;
delicious pastries; the whole served up in dishes of a kind of
rock-crystal. The waiters and girls poured out several liqueurs drawn
from the sugar-cane.
of the company were chapmen and waggoners, all extremely polite;
they asked Cacambo a few questions with the greatest circumspection, and
answered his in the most obliging manner.
As soon as dinner was over, Cacambo believed as well as Candide that
they might well pay their reckoning by laying down two of those large
gold pieces which they had picked up. The landlord and landlady shouted
with laughter and held their sides. When the fit was over:
"Gentlemen," said the landlord, "it is plain you are stranM
guests we are not accustomed to see; pardon us therefore for laughing
when you offered us the pebbles from our highroads in payment of your
reckoning. You doubtless have not the money of the country; but it is
not necessary to have any money at all to dine in this house. All
hostelries established for the convenience of commerce are paid by the
government. You have fared but very indifferently because this is a poor
village; but everywhere else, you will be received as you deserve."
explained this whole discourse with great astonishment to
Candide, who was as greatly astonished to hear it.
"What sort of a country then is this," said they to one another; "a
country unknown to all the rest of the world, and where nature is of a
kind so different from ours? It is probably the country where all is
well; for there absolutely must be one such place. And, whatever Master
Pangloss might say, I often found that things went very ill in
WHAT THEY SAW IN THE COUNTRM
Cacambo expressed his curiosity to the landlord, who made answer:
"I am very ignorant, but not the worse on that account. However, we have
in this neighbourhood an old man retired from Court who is the most
learned and most communicative person in the kingdom."
At once he took Cacambo to the old man. Candide acted now only a second
character, and accompanied his valet. They entered a very plain house,
for the door was only of silver, and the ceilings were only of gold, but
so elegant a taste as to vie with the richest. The
antechamber, indeed, was only encrusted with rubies and emeralds, but
the order in which everything was arranged made amends for this great
The old man received the strangers on his sofa, which was stuffed with
humming-birds' feathers, and ordered his servants to present them with
liqueurs in diamond goblets; after which he satisfied their curiosity
in the following terms:
"I am now one hundred and seventy-two years old, and I learnt of my M
father, Master of the Horse to the King, the amazing revolutions of
Peru, of which he had been an eyewitness. The kingdom we now inhabit is
the ancient country of the Incas, who quitted it very imprudently to
conquer another part of the world, and were at length destroyed by the
"More wise by far were the princes of their family, who remained in
their native country; and they ordained, with the consent of the whole
nation, that none of the inhabitants should ever be permitted to quit
little kingdom; and this has preserved our innocence and happiness.
The Spaniards have had a confused notion of this country, and have
called it _El Dorado_; and an Englishman, whose name was Sir Walter
Raleigh, came very near it about a hundred years ago; but being
surrounded by inaccessible rocks and precipices, we have hitherto been
sheltered from the rapaciousness of European nations, who have an
inconceivable passion for the pebbles and dirt of our land, for the sake
of which they would murder us to thM
The conversation was long: it turned chiefly on their form of
government, their manners, their women, their public entertainments,
and the arts. At length Candide, having always had a taste for
metaphysics, made Cacambo ask whether there was any religion in that
The old man reddened a little.
"How then," said he, "can you doubt it? Do you take us for ungrateful
Cacambo humbly asked, "What was the religion in El Dorado?"
The old man reddened again.
e two religions?" said he. "We have, I believe, the religion
of all the world: we worship God night and morning."
"Do you worship but one God?" said Cacambo, who still acted as
interpreter in representing Candide's doubts.
"Surely," said the old man, "there are not two, nor three, nor four. I
must confess the people from your side of the world ask very
extraordinary questions."
Candide was not yet tired of interrogating the good old man; he wanted
to know in what manner they prayed to God in El DoradoM
"We do not pray to Him," said the worthy sage; "we have nothing to ask
of Him; He has given us all we need, and we return Him thanks without
Candide having a curiosity to see the priests asked where they were.
The good old man smiled.
"My friend," said he, "we are all priests. The King and all the heads of
families sing solemn canticles of thanksgiving every morning,
accompanied by five or six thousand musicians."
"What! have you no monks who teach, who dispute, who govern, who cabal,
and who burn people that are not of their opinion?"
"We must be mad, indeed, if that were the case," said the old man; "here
we are all of one opinion, and we know not what you mean by monks."
During this whole discourse Candide was in raptures, and he said to
"This is vastly different from Westphalia and the Baron's castle. Had
our friend Pangloss seen El Dorado he would no longer have said that the
castle of Thunder-ten-Tronckh was the finest upon earth. It is evident
that one must travel."M
After this long conversation the old man ordered a coach and six sheep
to be got ready, and twelve of his domestics to conduct the travellers
"Excuse me," said he, "if my age deprives me of the honour of
accompanying you. The King will receive you in a manner that cannot
displease you; and no doubt you will make an allowance for the customs
of the country, if some things should not be to your liking."
Candide and Cacambo got into the coach, the six sheep flew, and in less
hey reached the King's palace situated at the extremity
of the capital. The portal was two hundred and twenty feet high, and one
hundred wide; but words are wanting to express the materials of which it
was built. It is plain such materials must have prodigious superiority
over those pebbles and sand which we call gold and precious stones.
Twenty beautiful damsels of the King's guard received Candide and
Cacambo as they alighted from the coach, conducted them to the bath, and
dressed them in robes woven of M
the down of humming-birds; after which
the great crown officers, of both sexes, led them to the King's
apartment, between two files of musicians, a thousand on each side. When
they drew near to the audience chamber Cacambo asked one of the great
officers in what way he should pay his obeisance to his Majesty; whether
they should throw themselves upon their knees or on their stomachs;
whether they should put their hands upon their heads or behind their
backs; whether they should lick the dust off the floor; iM
"The custom," said the great officer, "is to embrace the King, and to
kiss him on each cheek."
Candide and Cacambo threw themselves round his Majesty's neck. He
received them with all the goodness imaginable, and politely invited
While waiting they were shown the city, and saw the public edifices
raised as high as the clouds, the market places ornamented with a
thousand columns, the fountains of spring water, those of rose water,
those of liqueurs draM
wn from sugar-cane, incessantly flowing into the
great squares, which were paved with a kind of precious stone, which
gave off a delicious fragrancy like that of cloves and cinnamon. Candide
asked to see the court of justice, the parliament. They told him they
had none, and that they were strangers to lawsuits. He asked if they had
any prisons, and they answered no. But what surprised him most and gave
him the greatest pleasure was the palace of sciences, where he saw a
gallery two thousand feet long, and fiM
lled with instruments employed in
mathematics and physics.
After rambling about the city the whole afternoon, and seeing but a
thousandth part of it, they were reconducted to the royal palace, where
Candide sat down to table with his Majesty, his valet Cacambo, and
several ladies. Never was there a better entertainment, and never was
more wit shown at a table than that which fell from his Majesty. Cacambo
explained the King's _bon-mots_ to Candide, and notwithstanding they
were translated they still appeaM
red to be _bon-mots_. Of all the things
that surprised Candide this was not the least.
They spent a month in this hospitable place. Candide frequently said to
"I own, my friend, once more that the castle where I was born is nothing
in comparison with this; but, after all, Miss Cunegonde is not here, and
you have, without doubt, some mistress in Europe. If we abide here we
shall only be upon a footing with the rest, whereas, if we return to our
old world, only with twelve sheep laden with the peM
we shall be richer than all the kings in Europe. We shall have no more
Inquisitors to fear, and we may easily recover Miss Cunegonde."
This speech was agreeable to Cacambo; mankind are so fond of roving, of
making a figure in their own country, and of boasting of what they have
seen in their travels, that the two happy ones resolved to be no longer
so, but to ask his Majesty's leave to quit the country.
"You are foolish," said the King. "I am sensible that my kingdom is but
lace, but when a person is comfortably settled in any part he
should abide there. I have not the right to detain strangers. It is a
tyranny which neither our manners nor our laws permit. All men are free.
Go when you wish, but the going will be very difficult. It is impossible
to ascend that rapid river on which you came as by a miracle, and which
runs under vaulted rocks. The mountains which surround my kingdom are
ten thousand feet high, and as steep as walls; they are each over ten
leagues in breadth, andM
there is no other way to descend them than by
precipices. However, since you absolutely wish to depart, I shall give
orders to my engineers to construct a machine that will convey you very
safely. When we have conducted you over the mountains no one can
accompany you further, for my subjects have made a vow never to quit the
kingdom, and they are too wise to break it. Ask me besides anything that
"We desire nothing of your Majesty," says Candide, "but a few sheep
laden with provisions, pebblM
es, and the earth of this country."
"I cannot conceive," said he, "what pleasure you Europeans find in our
yellow clay, but take as much as you like, and great good may it do
At once he gave directions that his engineers should construct a machine
to hoist up these two extraordinary men out of the kingdom. Three
thousand good mathematicians went to work; it was ready in fifteen days,
and did not cost more than twenty million sterling in the specie of that
country. They placed M
Candide and Cacambo on the machine. There were two
great red sheep saddled and bridled to ride upon as soon as they were
beyond the mountains, twenty pack-sheep laden with provisions, thirty
with presents of the curiosities of the country, and fifty with gold,
diamonds, and precious stones. The King embraced the two wanderers very
Their departure, with the ingenious manner in which they and their sheep
were hoisted over the mountains, was a splendid spectacle. The
mathematicians took their leaveM
after conveying them to a place of
safety, and Candide had no other desire, no other aim, than to present
his sheep to Miss Cunegonde.
"Now," said he, "we are able to pay the Governor of Buenos Ayres if Miss
Cunegonde can be ransomed. Let us journey towards Cayenne. Let us
embark, and we will afterwards see what kingdom we shall be able to
WHAT HAPPENED TO THEM AT SURINAM AND HOW CANDIDE GOT ACQUAINTED WITH
Our travellers spent the first day very agreeably. They werM
with possessing more treasure than all Asia, Europe, and Africa could
scrape together. Candide, in his raptures, cut Cunegonde's name on the
trees. The second day two of their sheep plunged into a morass, where
they and their burdens were lost; two more died of fatigue a few days
after; seven or eight perished with hunger in a desert; and others
subsequently fell down precipices. At length, after travelling a hundred
days, only two sheep remained. Said Candide to Cacambo:
"My friend, you see hM
ow perishable are the riches of this world; there
is nothing solid but virtue, and the happiness of seeing Cunegonde once
"I grant all you say," said Cacambo, "but we have still two sheep
remaining, with more treasure than the King of Spain will ever have; and
I see a town which I take to be Surinam, belonging to the Dutch. We are
at the end of all our troubles, and at the beginning of happiness."
As they drew near the town, they saw a negro stretched upon the ground,
with only one moiety of his M
clothes, that is, of his blue linen drawers;
the poor man had lost his left leg and his right hand.
"Good God!" said Candide in Dutch, "what art thou doing there, friend,
in that shocking condition?"
"I am waiting for my master, Mynheer Vanderdendur, the famous merchant,"
"Was it Mynheer Vanderdendur," said Candide, "that treated thee thus?"
"Yes, sir," said the negro, "it is the custom. They give us a pair of
linen drawers for our whole garment twice a year. When we work at the
sugar-canes, and the mill snatches hold of a finger, they cut off the
hand; and when we attempt to run away, they cut off the leg; both cases
have happened to me. This is the price at which you eat sugar in Europe.
Yet when my mother sold me for ten patagons[20] on the coast of Guinea,
she said to me: 'My dear child, bless our fetiches, adore them for ever;
they will make thee live happily; thou hast the honour of being the
slave of our lords, the whites, which is making the fortune of thy
.' Alas! I know not whether I have made their fortunes;
this I know, that they have not made mine. Dogs, monkeys, and parrots
are a thousand times less wretched than I. The Dutch fetiches, who have
converted me, declare every Sunday that we are all of us children of
Adam--blacks as well as whites. I am not a genealogist, but if these
preachers tell truth, we are all second cousins. Now, you must agree,
that it is impossible to treat one's relations in a more barbarous
"Oh, Pangloss!" cried CandidM
e, "thou hadst not guessed at this
abomination; it is the end. I must at last renounce thy optimism."
"What is this optimism?" said Cacambo.
"Alas!" said Candide, "it is the madness of maintaining that everything
is right when it is wrong."
Looking at the negro, he shed tears, and weeping, he entered Surinam.
The first thing they inquired after was whether there was a vessel in
the harbour which could be sent to Buenos Ayres. The person to whom they
applied was a Spanish sea-captain, who offered to M
agree with them upon
reasonable terms. He appointed to meet them at a public-house, whither
Candide and the faithful Cacambo went with their two sheep, and awaited
Candide, who had his heart upon his lips, told the Spaniard all his
adventures, and avowed that he intended to elope with Miss Cunegonde.
"Then I will take good care not to carry you to Buenos Ayres," said the
seaman. "I should be hanged, and so would you. The fair Cunegonde is my
lord's favourite mistress."
This was a thundercM
lap for Candide: he wept for a long while. At last he
"Here, my dear friend," said he to him, "this thou must do. We have,
each of us in his pocket, five or six millions in diamonds; you are more
clever than I; you must go and bring Miss Cunegonde from Buenos Ayres.
If the Governor makes any difficulty, give him a million; if he will not
relinquish her, give him two; as you have not killed an Inquisitor, they
will have no suspicion of you; I'll get another ship, and go and wait
at Venice; that's a free country, where there is no danger
either from Bulgarians, Abares, Jews, or Inquisitors."
Cacambo applauded this wise resolution. He despaired at parting from so
good a master, who had become his intimate friend; but the pleasure of
serving him prevailed over the pain of leaving him. They embraced with
tears; Candide charged him not to forget the good old woman. Cacambo
set out that very same day. This Cacambo was a very honest fellow.
Candide stayed some time longer in Surinam, M
waiting for another captain
to carry him and the two remaining sheep to Italy. After he had hired
domestics, and purchased everything necessary for a long voyage, Mynheer
Vanderdendur, captain of a large vessel, came and offered his services.
"How much will you charge," said he to this man, "to carry me straight
to Venice--me, my servants, my baggage, and these two sheep?"
The skipper asked ten thousand piastres. Candide did not hesitate.
"Oh! oh!" said the prudent Vanderdendur to himself, "this strangM
ten thousand piastres unhesitatingly! He must be very rich."
Returning a little while after, he let him know that upon second
consideration, he could not undertake the voyage for less than twenty
"Well, you shall have them," said Candide.
"Ay!" said the skipper to himself, "this man agrees to pay twenty
thousand piastres with as much ease as ten."
He went back to him again, and declared that he could not carry him to
Venice for less than thirty thousand piastres.
n you shall have thirty thousand," replied Candide.
"Oh! oh!" said the Dutch skipper once more to himself, "thirty thousand
piastres are a trifle to this man; surely these sheep must be laden with
an immense treasure; let us say no more about it. First of all, let him
pay down the thirty thousand piastres; then we shall see."
Candide sold two small diamonds, the least of which was worth more than
what the skipper asked for his freight. He paid him in advance. The two
sheep were put on board. Candide follM
owed in a little boat to join the
vessel in the roads. The skipper seized his opportunity, set sail, and
put out to sea, the wind favouring him. Candide, dismayed and stupefied,
soon lost sight of the vessel.
"Alas!" said he, "this is a trick worthy of the old world!"
He put back, overwhelmed with sorrow, for indeed he had lost sufficient
to make the fortune of twenty monarchs. He waited upon the Dutch
magistrate, and in his distress he knocked over loudly at the door. He
entered and told his adventure,M
raising his voice with unnecessary
vehemence. The magistrate began by fining him ten thousand piastres for
making a noise; then he listened patiently, promised to examine into his
affair at the skipper's return, and ordered him to pay ten thousand
piastres for the expense of the hearing.
This drove Candide to despair; he had, indeed, endured misfortunes a
thousand times worse; the coolness of the magistrate and of the skipper
who had robbed him, roused his choler and flung him into a deep
villainy of mankind presented itself before his
imagination in all its deformity, and his mind was filled with gloomy
ideas. At length hearing that a French vessel was ready to set sail for
Bordeaux, as he had no sheep laden with diamonds to take along with him
he hired a cabin at the usual price. He made it known in the town that
he would pay the passage and board and give two thousand piastres to any
honest man who would make the voyage with him, upon condition that this
man was the most dissatisfied withM
his state, and the most unfortunate
in the whole province.
Such a crowd of candidates presented themselves that a fleet of ships
could hardly have held them. Candide being desirous of selecting from
among the best, marked out about one-twentieth of them who seemed to be
sociable men, and who all pretended to merit his preference. He
assembled them at his inn, and gave them a supper on condition that each
took an oath to relate his history faithfully, promising to choose him
who appeared to be most justlyM
discontented with his state, and to
bestow some presents upon the rest.
They sat until four o'clock in the morning. Candide, in listening to all
their adventures, was reminded of what the old woman had said to him in
their voyage to Buenos Ayres, and of her wager that there was not a
person on board the ship but had met with very great misfortunes. He
dreamed of Pangloss at every adventure told to him.
"This Pangloss," said he, "would be puzzled to demonstrate his system. I
wish that he were here. CertM
ainly, if all things are good, it is in El
Dorado and not in the rest of the world."
At length he made choice of a poor man of letters, who had worked ten
years for the booksellers of Amsterdam. He judged that there was not in
the whole world a trade which could disgust one more.
This philosopher was an honest man; but he had been robbed by his wife,
beaten by his son, and abandoned by his daughter who got a Portuguese to
run away with her. He had just been deprived of a small employment, on
bsisted; and he was persecuted by the preachers of Surinam,
who took him for a Socinian. We must allow that the others were at least
as wretched as he; but Candide hoped that the philosopher would
entertain him during the voyage. All the other candidates complained
that Candide had done them great injustice; but he appeased them by
giving one hundred piastres to each.
WHAT HAPPENED AT SEA TO CANDIDE AND MARTIN.
The old philosopher, whose name was Martin, embarked then with Candide
eaux. They had both seen and suffered a great deal; and if the
vessel had sailed from Surinam to Japan, by the Cape of Good Hope, the
subject of moral and natural evil would have enabled them to entertain
one another during the whole voyage.
Candide, however, had one great advantage over Martin, in that he always
hoped to see Miss Cunegonde; whereas Martin had nothing at all to hope.
Besides, Candide was possessed of money and jewels, and though he had
lost one hundred large red sheep, laden with the greatM
earth; though the knavery of the Dutch skipper still sat heavy upon his
mind; yet when he reflected upon what he had still left, and when he
mentioned the name of Cunegonde, especially towards the latter end of a
repast, he inclined to Pangloss's doctrine.
"But you, Mr. Martin," said he to the philosopher, "what do you think
of all this? what are your ideas on moral and natural evil?"
"Sir," answered Martin, "our priests accused me of being a Socinian, but
the real fact is I am a ManicM
"You jest," said Candide; "there are no longer Manicheans in the world."
"I am one," said Martin. "I cannot help it; I know not how to think
"Surely you must be possessed by the devil," said Candide.
"He is so deeply concerned in the affairs of this world," answered
Martin, "that he may very well be in me, as well as in everybody else;
but I own to you that when I cast an eye on this globe, or rather on
this little ball, I cannot help thinking that God has abandoned it to
e malignant being. I except, always, El Dorado. I scarcely ever knew
a city that did not desire the destruction of a neighbouring city, nor a
family that did not wish to exterminate some other family. Everywhere
the weak execrate the powerful, before whom they cringe; and the
powerful beat them like sheep whose wool and flesh they sell. A million
regimented assassins, from one extremity of Europe to the other, get
their bread by disciplined depredation and murder, for want of more
honest employment. Even in M
those cities which seem to enjoy peace, and
where the arts flourish, the inhabitants are devoured by more envy,
care, and uneasiness than are experienced by a besieged town. Secret
griefs are more cruel than public calamities. In a word I have seen so
much, and experienced so much that I am a Manichean."
"There are, however, some things good," said Candide.
"That may be," said Martin; "but I know them not."
In the middle of this dispute they heard the report of cannon; it
redoubled every instant. EachM
took out his glass. They saw two ships in
close fight about three miles off. The wind brought both so near to the
French vessel that our travellers had the pleasure of seeing the fight
at their ease. At length one let off a broadside, so low and so truly
aimed, that the other sank to the bottom. Candide and Martin could
plainly perceive a hundred men on the deck of the sinking vessel; they
raised their hands to heaven and uttered terrible outcries, and the next
moment were swallowed up by the sea.
" said Martin, "this is how men treat one another."
"It is true," said Candide; "there is something diabolical in this
While speaking, he saw he knew not what, of a shining red, swimming
close to the vessel. They put out the long-boat to see what it could
be: it was one of his sheep! Candide was more rejoiced at the recovery
of this one sheep than he had been grieved at the loss of the hundred
laden with the large diamonds of El Dorado.
The French captain soon saw that the captain of the victM
was a Spaniard, and that the other was a Dutch pirate, and the very same
one who had robbed Candide. The immense plunder which this villain had
amassed, was buried with him in the sea, and out of the whole only one
"You see," said Candide to Martin, "that crime is sometimes punished.
This rogue of a Dutch skipper has met with the fate he deserved."
"Yes," said Martin; "but why should the passengers be doomed also to
destruction? God has punished the knave, and the devil haM
The French and Spanish ships continued their course, and Candide
continued his conversation with Martin. They disputed fifteen successive
days, and on the last of those fifteen days, they were as far advanced
as on the first. But, however, they chatted, they communicated ideas,
they consoled each other. Candide caressed his sheep.
"Since I have found thee again," said he, "I may likewise chance to find
CANDIDE AND MARTIN, REASONING, DRAW NEAR THE COASTM
At length they descried the coast of France.
"Were you ever in France, Mr. Martin?" said Candide.
"Yes," said Martin, "I have been in several provinces. In some one-half
of the people are fools, in others they are too cunning; in some they
are weak and simple, in others they affect to be witty; in all, the
principal occupation is love, the next is slander, and the third is
"But, Mr. Martin, have you seen Paris?"
"Yes, I have. All these kinds are found there. It isM
a chaos--a confused
multitude, where everybody seeks pleasure and scarcely any one finds it,
at least as it appeared to me. I made a short stay there. On my arrival
I was robbed of all I had by pickpockets at the fair of St. Germain. I
myself was taken for a robber and was imprisoned for eight days, after
which I served as corrector of the press to gain the money necessary for
my return to Holland on foot. I knew the whole scribbling rabble, the
party rabble, the fanatic rabble. It is said that there are veM
people in that city, and I wish to believe it."
"For my part, I have no curiosity to see France," said Candide. "You may
easily imagine that after spending a month at El Dorado I can desire to
behold nothing upon earth but Miss Cunegonde. I go to await her at
Venice. We shall pass through France on our way to Italy. Will you bear
"With all my heart," said Martin. "It is said that Venice is fit only
for its own nobility, but that strangers meet with a very good reception
ave a good deal of money. I have none of it; you have,
therefore I will follow you all over the world."
"But do you believe," said Candide, "that the earth was originally a
sea, as we find it asserted in that large book belonging to the
"I do not believe a word of it," said Martin, "any more than I do of the
many ravings which have been published lately."
"But for what end, then, has this world been formed?" said Candide.
"To plague us to death," answered Martin.
"Are you not greatly suM
rprised," continued Candide, "at the love which
these two girls of the Oreillons had for those monkeys, of which I have
"Not at all," said Martin. "I do not see that that passion was strange.
I have seen so many extraordinary things that I have ceased to be
"Do you believe," said Candide, "that men have always massacred each
other as they do to-day, that they have always been liars, cheats,
traitors, ingrates, brigands, idiots, thieves, scoundrels, gluttons,
sers, envious, ambitious, bloody-minded, calumniators,
debauchees, fanatics, hypocrites, and fools?"
"Do you believe," said Martin, "that hawks have always eaten pigeons
when they have found them?"
"Yes, without doubt," said Candide.
"Well, then," said Martin, "if hawks have always had the same character
why should you imagine that men may have changed theirs?"
"Oh!" said Candide, "there is a vast deal of difference, for free
And reasoning thus they arrived at Bordeaux.
WHAT HAPPENED IN FRANCE TO CANDIDE AND MARTIN.
Candide stayed in Bordeaux no longer than was necessary for the selling
of a few of the pebbles of El Dorado, and for hiring a good chaise to
hold two passengers; for he could not travel without his Philosopher
Martin. He was only vexed at parting with his sheep, which he left to
the Bordeaux Academy of Sciences, who set as a subject for that year's
prize, "to find why this sheep's wool was red;" and the prize was
awarded to a learned man of the North, who M
demonstrated by A plus B
minus C divided by Z, that the sheep must be red, and die of the rot.
Meanwhile, all the travellers whom Candide met in the inns along his
route, said to him, "We go to Paris." This general eagerness at length
gave him, too, a desire to see this capital; and it was not so very
great a _detour_ from the road to Venice.
He entered Paris by the suburb of St. Marceau, and fancied that he was
in the dirtiest village of Westphalia.
Scarcely was Candide arrived at his inn, than he foM
und himself attacked
by a slight illness, caused by fatigue. As he had a very large diamond
on his finger, and the people of the inn had taken notice of a
prodigiously heavy box among his baggage, there were two physicians to
attend him, though he had never sent for them, and two devotees who
"I remember," Martin said, "also to have been sick at Paris in my first
voyage; I was very poor, thus I had neither friends, devotees, nor
doctors, and I recovered."
However, what with physic anM
d bleeding, Candide's illness became
serious. A parson of the neighborhood came with great meekness to ask
for a bill for the other world payable to the bearer. Candide would do
nothing for him; but the devotees assured him it was the new fashion. He
answered that he was not a man of fashion. Martin wished to throw the
priest out of the window. The priest swore that they would not bury
Candide. Martin swore that he would bury the priest if he continued to
be troublesome. The quarrel grew heated. Martin took M
shoulders and roughly turned him out of doors; which occasioned great
scandal and a law-suit.
Candide got well again, and during his convalescence he had very good
company to sup with him. They played high. Candide wondered why it was
that the ace never came to him; but Martin was not at all astonished.
Among those who did him the honours of the town was a little Abbe of
Perigord, one of those busybodies who are ever alert, officious,
forward, fawning, and complaisant; who watch for strangersM
passage through the capital, tell them the scandalous history of the
town, and offer them pleasure at all prices. He first took Candide and
Martin to La Comedie, where they played a new tragedy. Candide happened
to be seated near some of the fashionable wits. This did not prevent his
shedding tears at the well-acted scenes. One of these critics at his
side said to him between the acts:
"Your tears are misplaced; that is a shocking actress; the actor who
plays with her is yet worse; and the play M
is still worse than the
actors. The author does not know a word of Arabic, yet the scene is in
Arabia; moreover he is a man that does not believe in innate ideas; and
I will bring you, to-morrow, twenty pamphlets written against him."[22]
"How many dramas have you in France, sir?" said Candide to the Abbe.
"Five or six thousand."
"What a number!" said Candide. "How many good?"
"Fifteen or sixteen," replied the other.
"What a number!" said Martin.
Candide was very pleased with an actress who plaM
yed Queen Elizabeth in a
somewhat insipid tragedy[23] sometimes acted.
"That actress," said he to Martin, "pleases me much; she has a likeness
to Miss Cunegonde; I should be very glad to wait upon her."
The Perigordian Abbe offered to introduce him. Candide, brought up in
Germany, asked what was the etiquette, and how they treated queens of
"It is necessary to make distinctions," said the Abbe. "In the provinces
one takes them to the inn; in Paris, one respects them when they are
eautiful, and throws them on the highway when they are dead."[24]
"Queens on the highway!" said Candide.
"Yes, truly," said Martin, "the Abbe is right. I was in Paris when Miss
Monime passed, as the saying is, from this life to the other. She was
refused what people call the _honours of sepulture_--that is to say, of
rotting with all the beggars of the neighbourhood in an ugly cemetery;
she was interred all alone by her company at the corner of the Rue de
Bourgogne, which ought to trouble her much, for sM
"That was very uncivil," said Candide.
"What would you have?" said Martin; "these people are made thus. Imagine
all contradictions, all possible incompatibilities--you will find them
in the government, in the law-courts, in the churches, in the public
shows of this droll nation."
"Is it true that they always laugh in Paris?" said Candide.
"Yes," said the Abbe, "but it means nothing, for they complain of
everything with great fits of laughter; they even do the most detestable
"Who," said Candide, "is that great pig who spoke so ill of the piece at
which I wept, and of the actors who gave me so much pleasure?"
"He is a bad character," answered the Abbe, "who gains his livelihood by
saying evil of all plays and of all books. He hates whatever succeeds,
as the eunuchs hate those who enjoy; he is one of the serpents of
literature who nourish themselves on dirt and spite; he is a
"What is a _folliculaire_?" said Candide.
Abbe, "a pamphleteer--a Freron."[25]
Thus Candide, Martin, and the Perigordian conversed on the staircase,
while watching every one go out after the performance.
"Although I am eager to see Cunegonde again," said Candide, "I should
like to sup with Miss Clairon, for she appears to me admirable."
The Abbe was not the man to approach Miss Clairon, who saw only good
"She is engaged for this evening," he said, "but I shall have the honour
to take you to the house of a lady of quality, and therM
Paris as if you had lived in it for years."
Candide, who was naturally curious, let himself be taken to this lady's
house, at the end of the Faubourg St. Honore. The company was occupied
in playing faro; a dozen melancholy punters held each in his hand a
little pack of cards; a bad record of his misfortunes. Profound silence
reigned; pallor was on the faces of the punters, anxiety on that of the
banker, and the hostess, sitting near the unpitying banker, noticed with
lynx-eyes all the doubM
led and other increased stakes, as each player
dog's-eared his cards; she made them turn down the edges again with
severe, but polite attention; she showed no vexation for fear of losing
her customers. The lady insisted upon being called the Marchioness of
Parolignac. Her daughter, aged fifteen, was among the punters, and
notified with a covert glance the cheatings of the poor people who
tried to repair the cruelties of fate. The Perigordian Abbe, Candide and
Martin entered; no one rose, no one saluted them,M
no one looked at them;
all were profoundly occupied with their cards.
"The Baroness of Thunder-ten-Tronckh was more polite," said Candide.
However, the Abbe whispered to the Marchioness, who half rose, honoured
Candide with a gracious smile, and Martin with a condescending nod; she
gave a seat and a pack of cards to Candide, who lost fifty thousand
francs in two deals, after which they supped very gaily, and every one
was astonished that Candide was not moved by his loss; the servants said
lves, in the language of servants:--
"Some English lord is here this evening."
The supper passed at first like most Parisian suppers, in silence,
followed by a noise of words which could not be distinguished, then with
pleasantries of which most were insipid, with false news, with bad
reasoning, a little politics, and much evil speaking; they also
discussed new books.
"Have you seen," said the Perigordian Abbe, "the romance of Sieur
Gauchat, doctor of divinity?"[26]
"Yes," answered one of the guestM
s, "but I have not been able to finish
it. We have a crowd of silly writings, but all together do not approach
the impertinence of 'Gauchat, Doctor of Divinity.' I am so satiated with
the great number of detestable books with which we are inundated that I
am reduced to punting at faro."
"And the _Melanges_ of Archdeacon Trublet,[27] what do you say of that?"
"Ah!" said the Marchioness of Parolignac, "the wearisome mortal! How
curiously he repeats to you all that the world knows! How heaviM
discusses that which is not worth the trouble of lightly remarking upon!
How, without wit, he appropriates the wit of others! How he spoils what
he steals! How he disgusts me! But he will disgust me no longer--it is
enough to have read a few of the Archdeacon's pages."
There was at table a wise man of taste, who supported the Marchioness.
They spoke afterwards of tragedies; the lady asked why there were
tragedies which were sometimes played and which could not be read. The
man of taste explained verM
y well how a piece could have some interest,
and have almost no merit; he proved in few words that it was not enough
to introduce one or two of those situations which one finds in all
romances, and which always seduce the spectator, but that it was
necessary to be new without being odd, often sublime and always
natural, to know the human heart and to make it speak; to be a great
poet without allowing any person in the piece to appear to be a poet; to
know language perfectly--to speak it with purity, with conM
harmony and without rhythm ever taking anything from sense.
"Whoever," added he, "does not observe all these rules can produce one
or two tragedies, applauded at a theatre, but he will never be counted
in the ranks of good writers. There are very few good tragedies; some
are idylls in dialogue, well written and well rhymed, others political
reasonings which lull to sleep, or amplifications which repel; others
demoniac dreams in barbarous style, interrupted in sequence, with long
gods, because they do not know how to speak to men,
with false maxims, with bombastic commonplaces!"
Candide listened with attention to this discourse, and conceived a great
idea of the speaker, and as the Marchioness had taken care to place him
beside her, he leaned towards her and took the liberty of asking who was
the man who had spoken so well.
"He is a scholar," said the lady, "who does not play, whom the Abbe
sometimes brings to supper; he is perfectly at home among tragedies and
s written a tragedy which was hissed, and a book of
which nothing has ever been seen outside his bookseller's shop
excepting the copy which he dedicated to me."
"The great man!" said Candide. "He is another Pangloss!"
Then, turning towards him, he said:
"Sir, you think doubtless that all is for the best in the moral and
physical world, and that nothing could be otherwise than it is?"
"I, sir!" answered the scholar, "I know nothing of all that; I find that
all goes awry with me; that no one knows eitM
her what is his rank, nor
what is his condition, what he does nor what he ought to do; and that
except supper, which is always gay, and where there appears to be enough
concord, all the rest of the time is passed in impertinent quarrels;
Jansenist against Molinist, Parliament against the Church, men of
letters against men of letters, courtesans against courtesans,
financiers against the people, wives against husbands, relatives against
relatives--it is eternal war."
"I have seen the worst," Candide replieM
d. "But a wise man, who since has
had the misfortune to be hanged, taught me that all is marvellously
well; these are but the shadows on a beautiful picture."
"Your hanged man mocked the world," said Martin. "The shadows are
"They are men who make the blots," said Candide, "and they cannot be
"It is not their fault then," said Martin.
Most of the punters, who understood nothing of this language, drank, and
Martin reasoned with the scholar, and Candide related some M
adventures to his hostess.
After supper the Marchioness took Candide into her boudoir, and made him
"Ah, well!" said she to him, "you love desperately Miss Cunegonde of
Thunder-ten-Tronckh?"
"Yes, madame," answered Candide.
The Marchioness replied to him with a tender smile:
"You answer me like a young man from Westphalia. A Frenchman would have
said, 'It is true that I have loved Miss Cunegonde, but seeing you,
madame, I think I no longer love her.'"
aid Candide, "I will answer you as you wish."
"Your passion for her," said the Marchioness, "commenced by picking up
her handkerchief. I wish that you would pick up my garter."
"With all my heart," said Candide. And he picked it up.
"But I wish that you would put it on," said the lady.
And Candide put it on.
"You see," said she, "you are a foreigner. I sometimes make my Parisian
lovers languish for fifteen days, but I give myself to you the first
night because one must do the honours of one's counM
The lady having perceived two enormous diamonds upon the hands of the
young foreigner praised them with such good faith that from Candide's
fingers they passed to her own.
Candide, returning with the Perigordian Abbe, felt some remorse in
having been unfaithful to Miss Cunegonde. The Abbe sympathised in his
trouble; he had had but a light part of the fifty thousand francs lost
at play and of the value of the two brilliants, half given, half
extorted. His design was M
to profit as much as he could by the advantages
which the acquaintance of Candide could procure for him. He spoke much
of Cunegonde, and Candide told him that he should ask forgiveness of
that beautiful one for his infidelity when he should see her in Venice.
The Abbe redoubled his politeness and attentions, and took a tender
interest in all that Candide said, in all that he did, in all that he
"And so, sir, you have a rendezvous at Venice?"
"Yes, monsieur Abbe," answered Candide. "It isM
absolutely necessary
that I go to meet Miss Cunegonde."
And then the pleasure of talking of that which he loved induced him to
relate, according to his custom, part of his adventures with the fair
"I believe," said the Abbe, "that Miss Cunegonde has a great deal of
wit, and that she writes charming letters?"
"I have never received any from her," said Candide, "for being expelled
from the castle on her account I had not an opportunity for writing to
her. Soon after that I heard she was dM
ead; then I found her alive; then
I lost her again; and last of all, I sent an express to her two thousand
five hundred leagues from here, and I wait for an answer."
The Abbe listened attentively, and seemed to be in a brown study. He
soon took his leave of the two foreigners after a most tender embrace.
The following day Candide received, on awaking, a letter couched in
"My very dear love, for eight days I have been ill in this town. I learn
that you are here. I would fly to your arms if IM
could but move. I was
informed of your passage at Bordeaux, where I left faithful Cacambo and
the old woman, who are to follow me very soon. The Governor of Buenos
Ayres has taken all, but there remains to me your heart. Come! your
presence will either give me life or kill me with pleasure."
This charming, this unhoped-for letter transported Candide with an
inexpressible joy, and the illness of his dear Cunegonde overwhelmed him
with grief. Divided between those two passions, he took his gold and his
monds and hurried away, with Martin, to the hotel where Miss
Cunegonde was lodged. He entered her room trembling, his heart
palpitating, his voice sobbing; he wished to open the curtains of the
bed, and asked for a light.
"Take care what you do," said the servant-maid; "the light hurts her,"
and immediately she drew the curtain again.
"My dear Cunegonde," said Candide, weeping, "how are you? If you cannot
see me, at least speak to me."
"She cannot speak," said the maid.
The lady then put a plump haM
nd out from the bed, and Candide bathed it
with his tears and afterwards filled it with diamonds, leaving a bag of
gold upon the easy chair.
In the midst of these transports in came an officer, followed by the
Abbe and a file of soldiers.
"There," said he, "are the two suspected foreigners," and at the same
time he ordered them to be seized and carried to prison.
"Travellers are not treated thus in El Dorado," said Candide.
"I am more a Manichean now than ever," said Martin.
"But pray, sir, whereM
are you going to carry us?" said Candide.
"To a dungeon," answered the officer.
Martin, having recovered himself a little, judged that the lady who
acted the part of Cunegonde was a cheat, that the Perigordian Abbe was a
knave who had imposed upon the honest simplicity of Candide, and that
the officer was another knave whom they might easily silence.
Candide, advised by Martin and impatient to see the real Cunegonde,
rather than expose himself before a court of justice, proposed to the
e him three small diamonds, each worth about three
"Ah, sir," said the man with the ivory baton, "had you committed all the
imaginable crimes you would be to me the most honest man in the world.
Three diamonds! Each worth three thousand pistoles! Sir, instead of
carrying you to jail I would lose my life to serve you. There are orders
for arresting all foreigners, but leave it to me. I have a brother at
Dieppe in Normandy! I'll conduct you thither, and if you have a diamond
e'll take as much care of you as I would."
"And why," said Candide, "should all foreigners be arrested?"
"It is," the Perigordian Abbe then made answer, "because a poor beggar
of the country of Atrebatie[28] heard some foolish things said. This
induced him to commit a parricide, not such as that of 1610 in the month
of May,[29] but such as that of 1594 in the month of December,[30] and
such as others which have been committed in other years and other months
by other poor devils who had heard nonsense spoM
The officer then explained what the Abbe meant.
"Ah, the monsters!" cried Candide. "What horrors among a people who
dance and sing! Is there no way of getting quickly out of this country
where monkeys provoke tigers? I have seen no bears in my country, but
_men_ I have beheld nowhere except in El Dorado. In the name of God,
sir, conduct me to Venice, where I am to await Miss Cunegonde."
"I can conduct you no further than lower Normandy," said the officer.
Immediately he ordered his irons to beM
struck off, acknowledged himself
mistaken, sent away his men, set out with Candide and Martin for Dieppe,
and left them in the care of his brother.
There was then a small Dutch ship in the harbour. The Norman, who by the
virtue of three more diamonds had become the most subservient of men,
put Candide and his attendants on board a vessel that was just ready to
set sail for Portsmouth in England.
This was not the way to Venice, but Candide thought he had made his way
out of hell, and reckoned that he woM
uld soon have an opportunity for
resuming his journey.
CANDIDE AND MARTIN TOUCHED UPON THE COAST OF ENGLAND, AND WHAT THEY SAW
"Ah, Pangloss! Pangloss! Ah, Martin! Martin! Ah, my dear Cunegonde, what
sort of a world is this?" said Candide on board the Dutch ship.
"Something very foolish and abominable," said Martin.
"You know England? Are they as foolish there as in France?"
"It is another kind of folly," said Martin. "You know that these two
nations are at war for a few aM
cres of snow in Canada,[31] and that they
spend over this beautiful war much more than Canada is worth. To tell
you exactly, whether there are more people fit to send to a madhouse in
one country than the other, is what my imperfect intelligence will not
permit. I only know in general that the people we are going to see are
Talking thus they arrived at Portsmouth. The coast was lined with crowds
of people, whose eyes were fixed on a fine man kneeling, with his eyes
bandaged, on board onM
e of the men of war in the harbour. Four soldiers
stood opposite to this man; each of them fired three balls at his head,
with all the calmness in the world; and the whole assembly went away
very well satisfied.
"What is all this?" said Candide; "and what demon is it that exercises
his empire in this country?"
He then asked who was that fine man who had been killed with so much
ceremony. They answered, he was an Admiral.[32]
"And why kill this Admiral?"
"It is because he did not kill a sufficient nM
umber of men himself. He
gave battle to a French Admiral; and it has been proved that he was not
near enough to him."
"But," replied Candide, "the French Admiral was as far from the English
"There is no doubt of it; but in this country it is found good, from
time to time, to kill one Admiral to encourage the others."
Candide was so shocked and bewildered by what he saw and heard, that he
would not set foot on shore, and he made a bargain with the Dutch
skipper (were he even to rob him like M
the Surinam captain) to conduct
him without delay to Venice.
The skipper was ready in two days. They coasted France; they passed in
sight of Lisbon, and Candide trembled. They passed through the Straits,
and entered the Mediterranean. At last they landed at Venice.
"God be praised!" said Candide, embracing Martin. "It is here that I
shall see again my beautiful Cunegonde. I trust Cacambo as myself. All
is well, all will be well, all goes as well as possible."
OF PAQUETTE AND FRIAR GIROFLM
Upon their arrival at Venice, Candide went to search for Cacambo at
every inn and coffee-house, and among all the ladies of pleasure, but to
no purpose. He sent every day to inquire on all the ships that came in.
But there was no news of Cacambo.
"What!" said he to Martin, "I have had time to voyage from Surinam to
Bordeaux, to go from Bordeaux to Paris, from Paris to Dieppe, from
Dieppe to Portsmouth, to coast along Portugal and Spain, to cross the
whole Mediterranean, to spend some months, and yM
Cunegonde has not arrived! Instead of her I have only met a Parisian
wench and a Perigordian Abbe. Cunegonde is dead without doubt, and there
is nothing for me but to die. Alas! how much better it would have been
for me to have remained in the paradise of El Dorado than to come back
to this cursed Europe! You are in the right, my dear Martin: all is
misery and illusion."
He fell into a deep melancholy, and neither went to see the opera, nor
any of the other diversions of the Carnival; nayM
, he was proof against
the temptations of all the ladies.
"You are in truth very simple," said Martin to him, "if you imagine that
a mongrel valet, who has five or six millions in his pocket, will go to
the other end of the world to seek your mistress and bring her to you to
Venice. If he find her, he will keep her to himself; if he do not find
her he will get another. I advise you to forget your valet Cacambo and
your mistress Cunegonde."
Martin was not consoling. Candide's melancholy increased; and MaM
continued to prove to him that there was very little virtue or happiness
upon earth, except perhaps in El Dorado, where nobody could gain
While they were disputing on this important subject and waiting for
Cunegonde, Candide saw a young Theatin friar in St. Mark's Piazza,
holding a girl on his arm. The Theatin looked fresh coloured, plump, and
vigorous; his eyes were sparkling, his air assured, his look lofty, and
his step bold. The girl was very pretty, and sang; she looked amorously
her Theatin, and from time to time pinched his fat cheeks.
"At least you will allow me," said Candide to Martin, "that these two
are happy. Hitherto I have met with none but unfortunate people in the
whole habitable globe, except in El Dorado; but as to this pair, I would
venture to lay a wager that they are very happy."
"I lay you they are not," said Martin.
"We need only ask them to dine with us," said Candide, "and you will see
whether I am mistaken."
Immediately he accosted them, presented his M
compliments, and invited
them to his inn to eat some macaroni, with Lombard partridges, and
caviare, and to drink some Montepulciano, Lachrymae Christi, Cyprus and
Samos wine. The girl blushed, the Theatin accepted the invitation and
she followed him, casting her eyes on Candide with confusion and
surprise, and dropping a few tears. No sooner had she set foot in
Candide's apartment than she cried out:
"Ah! Mr. Candide does not know Paquette again."
Candide had not viewed her as yet with attention, his tM
entirely taken up with Cunegonde; but recollecting her as she spoke.
"Alas!" said he, "my poor child, it is you who reduced Doctor Pangloss
to the beautiful condition in which I saw him?"
"Alas! it was I, sir, indeed," answered Paquette. "I see that you have
heard all. I have been informed of the frightful disasters that befell
the family of my lady Baroness, and the fair Cunegonde. I swear to you
that my fate has been scarcely less sad. I was very innocent when you
knew me. A Grey Friar, M
who was my confessor, easily seduced me. The
consequences were terrible. I was obliged to quit the castle some time
after the Baron had sent you away with kicks on the backside. If a
famous surgeon had not taken compassion on me, I should have died. For
some time I was this surgeon's mistress, merely out of gratitude. His
wife, who was mad with jealousy, beat me every day unmercifully; she was
a fury. The surgeon was one of the ugliest of men, and I the most
wretched of women, to be continually beaten for a M
You know, sir, what a dangerous thing it is for an ill-natured woman to
be married to a doctor. Incensed at the behaviour of his wife, he one
day gave her so effectual a remedy to cure her of a slight cold, that
she died two hours after, in most horrid convulsions. The wife's
relations prosecuted the husband; he took flight, and I was thrown into
jail. My innocence would not have saved me if I had not been
good-looking. The judge set me free, on condition that he succeeded the
was soon supplanted by a rival, turned out of doors quite
destitute, and obliged to continue this abominable trade, which appears
so pleasant to you men, while to us women it is the utmost abyss of
misery. I have come to exercise the profession at Venice. Ah! sir, if
you could only imagine what it is to be obliged to caress indifferently
an old merchant, a lawyer, a monk, a gondolier, an abbe, to be exposed
to abuse and insults; to be often reduced to borrowing a petticoat, only
to go and have it raised by M
a disagreeable man; to be robbed by one of
what one has earned from another; to be subject to the extortions of the
officers of justice; and to have in prospect only a frightful old age, a
hospital, and a dung-hill; you would conclude that I am one of the most
unhappy creatures in the world."[33]
Paquette thus opened her heart to honest Candide, in the presence of
Martin, who said to his friend:
"You see that already I have won half the wager."
Friar Giroflee stayed in the dining-room, and drank a glaM
wine while he was waiting for dinner.
"But," said Candide to Paquette, "you looked so gay and content when I
met you; you sang and you behaved so lovingly to the Theatin, that you
seemed to me as happy as you pretend to be now the reverse."
"Ah! sir," answered Paquette, "this is one of the miseries of the trade.
Yesterday I was robbed and beaten by an officer; yet to-day I must put
on good humour to please a friar."
Candide wanted no more convincing; he owned that Martin was in the
. They sat down to table with Paquette and the Theatin; the repast
was entertaining; and towards the end they conversed with all
"Father," said Candide to the Friar, "you appear to me to enjoy a state
that all the world might envy; the flower of health shines in your face,
your expression makes plain your happiness; you have a very pretty girl
for your recreation, and you seem well satisfied with your state as a
"My faith, sir," said Friar Giroflee, "I wish that all the Theatins weM
at the bottom of the sea. I have been tempted a hundred times to set
fire to the convent, and go and become a Turk. My parents forced me at
the age of fifteen to put on this detestable habit, to increase the
fortune of a cursed elder brother, whom God confound. Jealousy, discord,
and fury, dwell in the convent. It is true I have preached a few bad
sermons that have brought me in a little money, of which the prior stole
half, while the rest serves to maintain my girls; but when I return at
nastery, I am ready to dash my head against the walls of
the dormitory; and all my fellows are in the same case."
Martin turned towards Candide with his usual coolness.
"Well," said he, "have I not won the whole wager?"
Candide gave two thousand piastres to Paquette, and one thousand to
"I'll answer for it," said he, "that with this they will be happy."
"I do not believe it at all," said Martin; "you will, perhaps, with
these piastres only render them the more unhappy."
t be as it may," said Candide, "but one thing consoles me. I see
that we often meet with those whom we expected never to see more; so
that, perhaps, as I have found my red sheep and Paquette, it may well be
that I shall also find Cunegonde."
"I wish," said Martin, "she may one day make you very happy; but I doubt
"You are very hard of belief," said Candide.
"I have lived," said Martin.
"You see those gondoliers," said Candide, "are they not perpetually
em," said Martin, "at home with their wives and brats.
The Doge has his troubles, the gondoliers have theirs. It is true that,
all things considered, the life of a gondolier is preferable to that of
a Doge; but I believe the difference to be so trifling that it is not
worth the trouble of examining."
"People talk," said Candide, "of the Senator Pococurante, who lives in
that fine palace on the Brenta, where he entertains foreigners in the
politest manner. They pretend that this man has never felt any
"I should be glad to see such a rarity," said Martin.
Candide immediately sent to ask the Lord Pococurante permission to wait
upon him the next day.
THE VISIT TO LORD POCOCURANTE, A NOBLE VENETIAN.
Candide and Martin went in a gondola on the Brenta, and arrived at the
palace of the noble Signor Pococurante. The gardens, laid out with
taste, were adorned with fine marble statues. The palace was beautifully
built. The master of the house was a man of sixty, and very rich. He
eceived the two travellers with polite indifference, which put Candide
a little out of countenance, but was not at all disagreeable to Martin.
First, two pretty girls, very neatly dressed, served them with
chocolate, which was frothed exceedingly well. Candide could not refrain
from commending their beauty, grace, and address.
"They are good enough creatures," said the Senator. "I make them lie
with me sometimes, for I am very tired of the ladies of the town, of
their coquetries, of their jealousies, of M
their quarrels, of their
humours, of their pettinesses, of their prides, of their follies, and of
the sonnets which one must make, or have made, for them. But after all,
these two girls begin to weary me."
After breakfast, Candide walking into a long gallery was surprised by
the beautiful pictures. He asked, by what master were the two first.
"They are by Raphael," said the Senator. "I bought them at a great
price, out of vanity, some years ago. They are said to be the finest
things in Italy, but they dM
o not please me at all. The colours are too
dark, the figures are not sufficiently rounded, nor in good relief; the
draperies in no way resemble stuffs. In a word, whatever may be said, I
do not find there a true imitation of nature. I only care for a picture
when I think I see nature itself; and there are none of this sort. I
have a great many pictures, but I prize them very little."
While they were waiting for dinner Pococurante ordered a concert.
Candide found the music delicious.
"This noise," said M
the Senator, "may amuse one for half an hour; but if
it were to last longer it would grow tiresome to everybody, though they
durst not own it. Music, to-day, is only the art of executing difficult
things, and that which is only difficult cannot please long. Perhaps I
should be fonder of the opera if they had not found the secret of making
of it a monster which shocks me. Let who will go to see bad tragedies
set to music, where the scenes are contrived for no other end than to
introduce two or three songs ridM
iculously out of place, to show off an
actress's voice. Let who will, or who can, die away with pleasure at the
sight of an eunuch quavering the _role_ of Caesar, or of Cato, and
strutting awkwardly upon the stage. For my part I have long since
renounced those paltry entertainments which constitute the glory of
modern Italy, and are purchased so dearly by sovereigns."
Candide disputed the point a little, but with discretion. Martin was
entirely of the Senator's opinion.
They sat down to table, and afterM
an excellent dinner they went into the
library. Candide, seeing a Homer magnificently bound, commended the
virtuoso on his good taste.
"There," said he, "is a book that was once the delight of the great
Pangloss, the best philosopher in Germany."
"It is not mine," answered Pococurante coolly. "They used at one time to
make me believe that I took a pleasure in reading him. But that
continual repetition of battles, so extremely like one another; those
gods that are always active without doing anything deM
who is the cause of the war, and who yet scarcely appears in the piece;
that Troy, so long besieged without being taken; all these together
caused me great weariness. I have sometimes asked learned men whether
they were not as weary as I of that work. Those who were sincere have
owned to me that the poem made them fall asleep; yet it was necessary to
have it in their library as a monument of antiquity, or like those rusty
medals which are no longer of use in commerce."
ncy does not think thus of Virgil?" said Candide.
"I grant," said the Senator, "that the second, fourth, and sixth books
of his _AEneid_ are excellent, but as for his pious AEneas, his strong
Cloanthus, his friend Achates, his little Ascanius, his silly King
Latinus, his bourgeois Amata, his insipid Lavinia, I think there can be
nothing more flat and disagreeable. I prefer Tasso a good deal, or even
the soporific tales of Ariosto."
"May I presume to ask you, sir," said Candide, "whether you do not
ve a great deal of pleasure from reading Horace?"
"There are maxims in this writer," answered Pococurante, "from which a
man of the world may reap great benefit, and being written in energetic
verse they are more easily impressed upon the memory. But I care little
for his journey to Brundusium, and his account of a bad dinner, or of
his low quarrel between one Rupilius whose words he says were full of
poisonous filth, and another whose language was imbued with vinegar. I
have read with much distaste his inM
delicate verses against old women and
witches; nor do I see any merit in telling his friend Maecenas that if he
will but rank him in the choir of lyric poets, his lofty head shall
touch the stars. Fools admire everything in an author of reputation. For
my part, I read only to please myself. I like only that which serves my
Candide, having been educated never to judge for himself, was much
surprised at what he heard. Martin found there was a good deal of reason
in Pococurante's remarks.
ere is Cicero," said Candide. "Here is the great man whom I fancy
you are never tired of reading."
"I never read him," replied the Venetian. "What is it to me whether he
pleads for Rabirius or Cluentius? I try causes enough myself; his
philosophical works seem to me better, but when I found that he doubted
of everything, I concluded that I knew as much as he, and that I had no
need of a guide to learn ignorance."
"Ha! here are four-score volumes of the Academy of Sciences," cried
Martin. "Perhaps there M
is something valuable in this collection."
"There might be," said Pococurante, "if only one of those rakers of
rubbish had shown how to make pins; but in all these volumes there is
nothing but chimerical systems, and not a single useful thing."
"And what dramatic works I see here," said Candide, "in Italian,
Spanish, and French."
"Yes," replied the Senator, "there are three thousand, and not three
dozen of them good for anything. As to those collections of sermons,
which altogether are not worth a sinM
gle page of Seneca, and those huge
volumes of theology, you may well imagine that neither I nor any one
else ever opens them."
Martin saw some shelves filled with English books.
"I have a notion," said he, "that a Republican must be greatly pleased
with most of these books, which are written with a spirit of freedom."
"Yes," answered Pococurante, "it is noble to write as one thinks; this
is the privilege of humanity. In all our Italy we write only what we do
not think; those who inhabit the country ofM
the Caesars and the
Antoninuses dare not acquire a single idea without the permission of a
Dominican friar. I should be pleased with the liberty which inspires the
English genius if passion and party spirit did not corrupt all that is
estimable in this precious liberty."
Candide, observing a Milton, asked whether he did not look upon this
author as a great man.
"Who?" said Pococurante, "that barbarian, who writes a long commentary
in ten books of harsh verse on the first chapter of Genesis; that coarseM
imitator of the Greeks, who disfigures the Creation, and who, while
Moses represents the Eternal producing the world by a word, makes the
Messiah take a great pair of compasses from the armoury of heaven to
circumscribe His work? How can I have any esteem for a writer who has
spoiled Tasso's hell and the devil, who transforms Lucifer sometimes
into a toad and other times into a pigmy, who makes him repeat the same
things a hundred times, who makes him dispute on theology, who, by a
serious imitation of AriM
osto's comic invention of firearms, represents
the devils cannonading in heaven? Neither I nor any man in Italy could
take pleasure in those melancholy extravagances; and the marriage of Sin
and Death, and the snakes brought forth by Sin, are enough to turn the
stomach of any one with the least taste, [and his long description of a
pest-house is good only for a grave-digger]. This obscure, whimsical,
and disagreeable poem was despised upon its first publication, and I
only treat it now as it was treated in iM
contemporaries. For the matter of that I say what I think, and I care
very little whether others think as I do."
Candide was grieved at this speech, for he had a respect for Homer and
"Alas!" said he softly to Martin, "I am afraid that this man holds our
German poets in very great contempt."
"There would not be much harm in that," said Martin.
"Oh! what a superior man," said Candide below his breath. "What a great
genius is this Pococurante! Nothing can please M
After their survey of the library they went down into the garden, where
Candide praised its several beauties.
"I know of nothing in so bad a taste," said the master. "All you see
here is merely trifling. After to-morrow I will have it planted with a
"Well," said Candide to Martin when they had taken their leave, "you
will agree that this is the happiest of mortals, for he is above
everything he possesses."
"But do you not see," answered Martin, "that he is disgusted with all hM
possesses? Plato observed a long while ago that those stomachs are not
the best that reject all sorts of food."
"But is there not a pleasure," said Candide, "in criticising
everything, in pointing out faults where others see nothing but
"That is to say," replied Martin, "that there is some pleasure in having
"Well, well," said Candide, "I find that I shall be the only happy man
when I am blessed with the sight of my dear Cunegonde."
"It is always well to hope," said MartM
However, the days and the weeks passed. Cacambo did not come, and
Candide was so overwhelmed with grief that he did not even reflect that
Paquette and Friar Giroflee did not return to thank him.
OF A SUPPER WHICH CANDIDE AND MARTIN TOOK WITH SIX STRANGERS, AND WHO
One evening that Candide and Martin were going to sit down to supper
with some foreigners who lodged in the same inn, a man whose complexion
was as black as soot, came behind Candide, and taking him by the M
"Get yourself ready to go along with us; do not fail."
Upon this he turned round and saw--Cacambo! Nothing but the sight of
Cunegonde could have astonished and delighted him more. He was on the
point of going mad with joy. He embraced his dear friend.
"Cunegonde is here, without doubt; where is she? Take me to her that I
may die of joy in her company."
"Cunegonde is not here," said Cacambo, "she is at Constantinople."
"Oh, heavens! at Constantinople! But were she in China I would fly
thither; let us be off."
"We shall set out after supper," replied Cacambo. "I can tell you
nothing more; I am a slave, my master awaits me, I must serve him at
table; speak not a word, eat, and then get ready."
Candide, distracted between joy and grief, delighted at seeing his
faithful agent again, astonished at finding him a slave, filled with the
fresh hope of recovering his mistress, his heart palpitating, his
understanding confused, sat down to table with Martin, who saw all these
cerned, and with six strangers who had come to spend
the Carnival at Venice.
Cacambo waited at table upon one of the strangers; towards the end of
the entertainment he drew near his master, and whispered in his ear:
"Sire, your Majesty may start when you please, the vessel is ready."
On saying these words he went out. The company in great surprise looked
at one another without speaking a word, when another domestic approached
his master and said to him:
"Sire, your Majesty's chaise is at Padua, and M
The master gave a nod and the servant went away. The company all stared
at one another again, and their surprise redoubled. A third valet came
up to a third stranger, saying:
"Sire, believe me, your Majesty ought not to stay here any longer. I am
going to get everything ready."
And immediately he disappeared. Candide and Martin did not doubt that
this was a masquerade of the Carnival. Then a fourth domestic said to a
"Your Majesty may depart when you please."
aying this he went away like the rest. The fifth valet said the same
thing to the fifth master. But the sixth valet spoke differently to the
sixth stranger, who sat near Candide. He said to him:
"Faith, Sire, they will no longer give credit to your Majesty nor to me,
and we may perhaps both of us be put in jail this very night. Therefore
I will take care of myself. Adieu."
The servants being all gone, the six strangers, with Candide and Martin,
remained in a profound silence. At length Candide broke it.
"Gentlemen," said he, "this is a very good joke indeed, but why should
you all be kings? For me I own that neither Martin nor I is a king."
Cacambo's master then gravely answered in Italian:
"I am not at all joking. My name is Achmet III. I was Grand Sultan many
years. I dethroned my brother; my nephew dethroned me, my viziers were
beheaded, and I am condemned to end my days in the old Seraglio. My
nephew, the great Sultan Mahmoud, permits me to travel sometimes for my
health, and I am come to spend tM
he Carnival at Venice."
A young man who sat next to Achmet, spoke then as follows:
"My name is Ivan. I was once Emperor of all the Russias, but was
dethroned in my cradle. My parents were confined in prison and I was
educated there; yet I am sometimes allowed to travel in company with
persons who act as guards; and I am come to spend the Carnival at
"I am Charles Edward, King of England; my father has resigned all his
legal rights to me. I have fought in defence of them; anM
hundred of my adherents have been hanged, drawn, and quartered. I have
been confined in prison; I am going to Rome, to pay a visit to the King,
my father, who was dethroned as well as myself and my grandfather, and I
am come to spend the Carnival at Venice."
The fourth spoke thus in his turn:
"I am the King of Poland; the fortune of war has stripped me of my
hereditary dominions; my father underwent the same vicissitudes; I
resign myself to Providence in the same manner as Sultan Achmet, tM
Emperor Ivan, and King Charles Edward, whom God long preserve; and I am
come to the Carnival at Venice."
"I am King of Poland also; I have been twice dethroned; but Providence
has given me another country, where I have done more good than all the
Sarmatian kings were ever capable of doing on the banks of the Vistula;
I resign myself likewise to Providence, and am come to pass the Carnival
It was now the sixth monarch's turn to speak:
"Gentlemen," said he, "I am not sM
o great a prince as any of you;
however, I am a king. I am Theodore, elected King of Corsica; I had the
title of Majesty, and now I am scarcely treated as a gentleman. I have
coined money, and now am not worth a farthing; I have had two
secretaries of state, and now I have scarce a valet; I have seen myself
on a throne, and I have seen myself upon straw in a common jail in
London. I am afraid that I shall meet with the same treatment here
though, like your majesties, I am come to see the Carnival at Venice."M
The other five kings listened to this speech with generous compassion.
Each of them gave twenty sequins to King Theodore to buy him clothes and
linen; and Candide made him a present of a diamond worth two thousand
"Who can this private person be," said the five kings to one another,
"who is able to give, and really has given, a hundred times as much as
Just as they rose from table, in came four Serene Highnesses, who had
also been stripped of their territories by the fortune of M
come to spend the Carnival at Venice. But Candide paid no regard to
these newcomers, his thoughts were entirely employed on his voyage to
Constantinople, in search of his beloved Cunegonde.
CANDIDE'S VOYAGE TO CONSTANTINOPLE.
The faithful Cacambo had already prevailed upon the Turkish skipper, who
was to conduct the Sultan Achmet to Constantinople, to receive Candide
and Martin on his ship. They both embarked after having made their
obeisance to his miserable Highness.
"You see," said Candide to Martin on the way, "we supped with six
dethroned kings, and of those six there was one to whom I gave charity.
Perhaps there are many other princes yet more unfortunate. For my part,
I have only lost a hundred sheep; and now I am flying into Cunegonde's
arms. My dear Martin, yet once more Pangloss was right: all is for the
"I wish it," answered Martin.
"But," said Candide, "it was a very strange adventure we met with at
Venice. It has never before been seen or heard thaM
t six dethroned kings
have supped together at a public inn."
"It is not more extraordinary," said Martin, "than most of the things
that have happened to us. It is a very common thing for kings to be
dethroned; and as for the honour we have had of supping in their
company, it is a trifle not worth our attention."
No sooner had Candide got on board the vessel than he flew to his old
valet and friend Cacambo, and tenderly embraced him.
"Well," said he, "what news of Cunegonde? Is she still a prodigy of
beauty? Does she love me still? How is she? Thou hast doubtless bought
her a palace at Constantinople?"
"My dear master," answered Cacambo, "Cunegonde washes dishes on the
banks of the Propontis, in the service of a prince, who has very few
dishes to wash; she is a slave in the family of an ancient sovereign
named Ragotsky,[35] to whom the Grand Turk allows three crowns a day in
his exile. But what is worse still is, that she has lost her beauty and
has become horribly ugly."
"Well, handsome or ugly," rM
eplied Candide, "I am a man of honour, and it
is my duty to love her still. But how came she to be reduced to so
abject a state with the five or six millions that you took to her?"
"Ah!" said Cacambo, "was I not to give two millions to Senor Don
Fernando d'Ibaraa, y Figueora, y Mascarenes, y Lampourdos, y Souza,
Governor of Buenos Ayres, for permitting Miss Cunegonde to come away?
And did not a corsair bravely rob us of all the rest? Did not this
corsair carry us to Cape Matapan, to Milo, to Nicaria, to SaM
Petra, to the Dardanelles, to Marmora, to Scutari? Cunegonde and the old
woman serve the prince I now mentioned to you, and I am slave to the
"What a series of shocking calamities!" cried Candide. "But after all, I
have some diamonds left; and I may easily pay Cunegonde's ransom. Yet it
is a pity that she is grown so ugly."
Then, turning towards Martin: "Who do you think," said he, "is most to
be pitied--the Sultan Achmet, the Emperor Ivan, King Charles Edward, or
should I know!" answered Martin. "I must see into your hearts to be
"Ah!" said Candide, "if Pangloss were here, he could tell."
"I know not," said Martin, "in what sort of scales your Pangloss would
weigh the misfortunes of mankind and set a just estimate on their
sorrows. All that I can presume to say is, that there are millions of
people upon earth who have a hundred times more to complain of than King
Charles Edward, the Emperor Ivan, or the Sultan Achmet."
"That may well be," said M
In a few days they reached the Bosphorus, and Candide began by paying a
very high ransom for Cacambo. Then without losing time, he and his
companions went on board a galley, in order to search on the banks of
the Propontis for his Cunegonde, however ugly she might have become.
Among the crew there were two slaves who rowed very badly, and to whose
bare shoulders the Levantine captain would now and then apply blows from
a bull's pizzle. Candide, from a natural impulse, looked at these two
more attentively than at the other oarsmen, and approached them
with pity. Their features though greatly disfigured, had a slight
resemblance to those of Pangloss and the unhappy Jesuit and Westphalian
Baron, brother to Miss Cunegonde. This moved and saddened him. He looked
at them still more attentively.
"Indeed," said he to Cacambo, "if I had not seen Master Pangloss hanged,
and if I had not had the misfortune to kill the Baron, I should think it
was they that were rowing."
At the names of the Baron M
and of Pangloss, the two galley-slaves uttered
a loud cry, held fast by the seat, and let drop their oars. The captain
ran up to them and redoubled his blows with the bull's pizzle.
"Stop! stop! sir," cried Candide. "I will give you what money you
"What! it is Candide!" said one of the slaves.
"What! it is Candide!" said the other.
"Do I dream?" cried Candide; "am I awake? or am I on board a galley? Is
this the Baron whom I killed? Is this Master Pangloss whom I saw
it is we!" answered they.
"Well! is this the great philosopher?" said Martin.
"Ah! captain," said Candide, "what ransom will you take for Monsieur de
Thunder-ten-Tronckh, one of the first barons of the empire, and for
Monsieur Pangloss, the profoundest metaphysician in Germany?"
"Dog of a Christian," answered the Levantine captain, "since these two
dogs of Christian slaves are barons and metaphysicians, which I doubt
not are high dignities in their country, you shall give me fifty
"You shall have them, sir. Carry me back at once to Constantinople, and
you shall receive the money directly. But no; carry me first to Miss
Upon the first proposal made by Candide, however, the Levantine captain
had already tacked about, and made the crew ply their oars quicker than
a bird cleaves the air.
Candide embraced the Baron and Pangloss a hundred times.
"And how happened it, my dear Baron, that I did not kill you? And, my
dear Pangloss, how came you to life again after being haM
are you both in a Turkish galley?"
"And it is true that my dear sister is in this country?" said the Baron.
"Yes," answered Cacambo.
"Then I behold, once more, my dear Candide," cried Pangloss.
Candide presented Martin and Cacambo to them; they embraced each other,
and all spoke at once. The galley flew; they were already in the port.
Instantly Candide sent for a Jew, to whom he sold for fifty thousand
sequins a diamond worth a hundred thousand, though the fellow swore to
am that he could give him no more. He immediately paid the
ransom for the Baron and Pangloss. The latter threw himself at the feet
of his deliverer, and bathed them with his tears; the former thanked him
with a nod, and promised to return him the money on the first
"But is it indeed possible that my sister can be in Turkey?" said he.
"Nothing is more possible," said Cacambo, "since she scours the dishes
in the service of a Transylvanian prince."
Candide sent directly for two Jews and soldM
them some more diamonds, and
then they all set out together in another galley to deliver Cunegonde
WHAT HAPPENED TO CANDIDE, CUNEGONDE, PANGLOSS, MARTIN, ETC.
"I ask your pardon once more," said Candide to the Baron, "your pardon,
reverend father, for having run you through the body."
"Say no more about it," answered the Baron. "I was a little too hasty, I
own, but since you wish to know by what fatality I came to be a
galley-slave I will inform you. After I had been cM
ured by the surgeon of
the college of the wound you gave me, I was attacked and carried off by
a party of Spanish troops, who confined me in prison at Buenos Ayres at
the very time my sister was setting out thence. I asked leave to return
to Rome to the General of my Order. I was appointed chaplain to the
French Ambassador at Constantinople. I had not been eight days in this
employment when one evening I met with a young Ichoglan, who was a very
handsome fellow. The weather was warm. The young man wanted to M
and I took this opportunity of bathing also. I did not know that it was
a capital crime for a Christian to be found naked with a young
Mussulman. A cadi ordered me a hundred blows on the soles of the feet,
and condemned me to the galleys. I do not think there ever was a greater
act of injustice. But I should be glad to know how my sister came to be
scullion to a Transylvanian prince who has taken shelter among the
"But you, my dear Pangloss," said Candide, "how can it be that I behold
"It is true," said Pangloss, "that you saw me hanged. I should have been
burnt, but you may remember it rained exceedingly hard when they were
going to roast me; the storm was so violent that they despaired of
lighting the fire, so I was hanged because they could do no better. A
surgeon purchased my body, carried me home, and dissected me. He began
with making a crucial incision on me from the navel to the clavicula.
One could not have been worse hanged than I was. The executioner of the
isition was a sub-deacon, and knew how to burn people
marvellously well, but he was not accustomed to hanging. The cord was
wet and did not slip properly, and besides it was badly tied; in short,
I still drew my breath, when the crucial incision made me give such a
frightful scream that my surgeon fell flat upon his back, and imagining
that he had been dissecting the devil he ran away, dying with fear, and
fell down the staircase in his flight. His wife, hearing the noise,
flew from the next room. She saw meM
stretched out upon the table with my
crucial incision. She was seized with yet greater fear than her husband,
fled, and tumbled over him. When they came to themselves a little, I
heard the wife say to her husband: 'My dear, how could you take it into
your head to dissect a heretic? Do you not know that these people always
have the devil in their bodies? I will go and fetch a priest this minute
to exorcise him.' At this proposal I shuddered, and mustering up what
little courage I had still remaining I cried M
out aloud, 'Have mercy on
me!' At length the Portuguese barber plucked up his spirits. He sewed up
my wounds; his wife even nursed me. I was upon my legs at the end of
fifteen days. The barber found me a place as lackey to a knight of Malta
who was going to Venice, but finding that my master had no money to pay
me my wages I entered the service of a Venetian merchant, and went with
him to Constantinople. One day I took it into my head to step into a
mosque, where I saw an old Iman and a very pretty young devM
saying her paternosters. Her bosom was uncovered, and between her
breasts she had a beautiful bouquet of tulips, roses, anemones,
ranunculus, hyacinths, and auriculas. She dropped her bouquet; I picked
it up, and presented it to her with a profound reverence. I was so long
in delivering it that the Iman began to get angry, and seeing that I was
a Christian he called out for help. They carried me before the cadi, who
ordered me a hundred lashes on the soles of the feet and sent me to the
. I was chained to the very same galley and the same bench as the
young Baron. On board this galley there were four young men from
Marseilles, five Neapolitan priests, and two monks from Corfu, who told
us similar adventures happened daily. The Baron maintained that he had
suffered greater injustice than I, and I insisted that it was far more
innocent to take up a bouquet and place it again on a woman's bosom than
to be found stark naked with an Ichoglan. We were continually disputing,
and received twenty laM
shes with a bull's pizzle when the concatenation
of universal events brought you to our galley, and you were good enough
"Well, my dear Pangloss," said Candide to him, "when you had been
hanged, dissected, whipped, and were tugging at the oar, did you always
think that everything happens for the best?"
"I am still of my first opinion," answered Pangloss, "for I am a
philosopher and I cannot retract, especially as Leibnitz could never be
wrong; and besides, the pre-established harmony is tM
the world, and so is his _plenum_ and _materia subtilis_."
HOW CANDIDE FOUND CUNEGONDE AND THE OLD WOMAN AGAIN.
While Candide, the Baron, Pangloss, Martin, and Cacambo were relating
their several adventures, were reasoning on the contingent or
non-contingent events of the universe, disputing on effects and causes,
on moral and physical evil, on liberty and necessity, and on the
consolations a slave may feel even on a Turkish galley, they arrived at
the house of the TraM
nsylvanian prince on the banks of the Propontis. The
first objects which met their sight were Cunegonde and the old woman
hanging towels out to dry.
The Baron paled at this sight. The tender, loving Candide, seeing his
beautiful Cunegonde embrowned, with blood-shot eyes, withered neck,
wrinkled cheeks, and rough, red arms, recoiled three paces, seized with
horror, and then advanced out of good manners. She embraced Candide and
her brother; they embraced the old woman, and Candide ransomed them
ere was a small farm in the neighbourhood which the old woman
proposed to Candide to make a shift with till the company could be
provided for in a better manner. Cunegonde did not know she had grown
ugly, for nobody had told her of it; and she reminded Candide of his
promise in so positive a tone that the good man durst not refuse her. He
therefore intimated to the Baron that he intended marrying his sister.
"I will not suffer," said the Baron, "such meanness on her part, and
such insolence on yours; I wilM
l never be reproached with this scandalous
thing; my sister's children would never be able to enter the church in
Germany. No; my sister shall only marry a baron of the empire."
Cunegonde flung herself at his feet, and bathed them with her tears;
still he was inflexible.
"Thou foolish fellow," said Candide; "I have delivered thee out of the
galleys, I have paid thy ransom, and thy sister's also; she was a
scullion, and is very ugly, yet I am so condescending as to marry her;
and dost thou pretend to oppM
ose the match? I should kill thee again,
were I only to consult my anger."
"Thou mayest kill me again," said the Baron, "but thou shalt not marry
my sister, at least whilst I am living."
At the bottom of his heart Candide had no wish to marry Cunegonde. But
the extreme impertinence of the Baron determined him to conclude the
match, and Cunegonde pressed him so strongly that he could not go from
his word. He consulted Pangloss, Martin, and the faithful Cacambo.
drew up an excellent memorial, wherein he proved that the Baron
had no right over his sister, and that according to all the laws of the
empire, she might marry Candide with her left hand. Martin was for
throwing the Baron into the sea; Cacambo decided that it would be better
to deliver him up again to the captain of the galley, after which they
thought to send him back to the General Father of the Order at Rome by
the first ship. This advice was well received, the old woman approved
it; they said not a word M
to his sister; the thing was executed for a
little money, and they had the double pleasure of entrapping a Jesuit,
and punishing the pride of a German baron.
It is natural to imagine that after so many disasters Candide married,
and living with the philosopher Pangloss, the philosopher Martin, the
prudent Cacambo, and the old woman, having besides brought so many
diamonds from the country of the ancient Incas, must have led a very
happy life. But he was so much imposed upon by the Jews that he had
left except his small farm; his wife became uglier every day,
more peevish and unsupportable; the old woman was infirm and even more
fretful than Cunegonde. Cacambo, who worked in the garden, and took
vegetables for sale to Constantinople, was fatigued with hard work, and
cursed his destiny. Pangloss was in despair at not shining in some
German university. For Martin, he was firmly persuaded that he would be
as badly off elsewhere, and therefore bore things patiently. Candide,
Martin, and Pangloss sometimesM
disputed about morals and metaphysics.
They often saw passing under the windows of their farm boats full of
Effendis, Pashas, and Cadis, who were going into banishment to Lemnos,
Mitylene, or Erzeroum. And they saw other Cadis, Pashas, and Effendis
coming to supply the place of the exiles, and afterwards exiled in their
turn. They saw heads decently impaled for presentation to the Sublime
Porte. Such spectacles as these increased the number of their
dissertations; and when they did not dispute time hung so M
their hands, that one day the old woman ventured to say to them:
"I want to know which is worse, to be ravished a hundred times by negro
pirates, to have a buttock cut off, to run the gauntlet among the
Bulgarians, to be whipped and hanged at an _auto-da-fe_, to be
dissected, to row in the galleys--in short, to go through all the
miseries we have undergone, or to stay here and have nothing to do?"
"It is a great question," said Candide.
This discourse gave rise to new reflections, and MarM
concluded that man was born to live either in a state of distracting
inquietude or of lethargic disgust. Candide did not quite agree to that,
but he affirmed nothing. Pangloss owned that he had always suffered
horribly, but as he had once asserted that everything went wonderfully
well, he asserted it still, though he no longer believed it.
What helped to confirm Martin in his detestable principles, to stagger
Candide more than ever, and to puzzle Pangloss, was that one day they
and Friar Giroflee land at the farm in extreme misery. They
had soon squandered their three thousand piastres, parted, were
reconciled, quarrelled again, were thrown into gaol, had escaped, and
Friar Giroflee had at length become Turk. Paquette continued her trade
wherever she went, but made nothing of it.
"I foresaw," said Martin to Candide, "that your presents would soon be
dissipated, and only make them the more miserable. You have rolled in
millions of money, you and Cacambo; and yet you are not happiM
Friar Giroflee and Paquette."
"Ha!" said Pangloss to Paquette, "Providence has then brought you
amongst us again, my poor child! Do you know that you cost me the tip of
my nose, an eye, and an ear, as you may see? What a world is this!"
And now this new adventure set them philosophising more than ever.
In the neighbourhood there lived a very famous Dervish who was esteemed
the best philosopher in all Turkey, and they went to consult him.
Pangloss was the speaker.
"Master," said he, "we comeM
to beg you to tell why so strange an animal
"With what meddlest thou?" said the Dervish; "is it thy business?"
"But, reverend father," said Candide, "there is horrible evil in this
"What signifies it," said the Dervish, "whether there be evil or good?
When his highness sends a ship to Egypt, does he trouble his head
whether the mice on board are at their ease or not?"
"What, then, must we do?" said Pangloss.
"Hold your tongue," answered the Dervish.
said Pangloss, "that I should reason with you a little
about causes and effects, about the best of possible worlds, the origin
of evil, the nature of the soul, and the pre-established harmony."
At these words, the Dervish shut the door in their faces.
During this conversation, the news was spread that two Viziers and the
Mufti had been strangled at Constantinople, and that several of their
friends had been impaled. This catastrophe made a great noise for some
hours. Pangloss, Candide, and Martin, returnM
ing to the little farm, saw
a good old man taking the fresh air at his door under an orange bower.
Pangloss, who was as inquisitive as he was argumentative, asked the old
man what was the name of the strangled Mufti.
"I do not know," answered the worthy man, "and I have not known the name
of any Mufti, nor of any Vizier. I am entirely ignorant of the event you
mention; I presume in general that they who meddle with the
administration of public affairs die sometimes miserably, and that they
I never trouble my head about what is transacting at
Constantinople; I content myself with sending there for sale the fruits
of the garden which I cultivate."
Having said these words, he invited the strangers into his house; his
two sons and two daughters presented them with several sorts of sherbet,
which they made themselves, with Kaimak enriched with the candied-peel
of citrons, with oranges, lemons, pine-apples, pistachio-nuts, and Mocha
coffee unadulterated with the bad coffee of Batavia or the AmeriM
islands. After which the two daughters of the honest Mussulman perfumed
the strangers' beards.
"You must have a vast and magnificent estate," said Candide to the Turk.
"I have only twenty acres," replied the old man; "I and my children
cultivate them; our labour preserves us from three great
evils--weariness, vice, and want."
Candide, on his way home, made profound reflections on the old man's
"This honest Turk," said he to Pangloss and Martin, "seems to be in a
ferable to that of the six kings with whom we had the
"Grandeur," said Pangloss, "is extremely dangerous according to the
testimony of philosophers. For, in short, Eglon, King of Moab, was
assassinated by Ehud; Absalom was hung by his hair, and pierced with
three darts; King Nadab, the son of Jeroboam, was killed by Baasa; King
Ela by Zimri; Ahaziah by Jehu; Athaliah by Jehoiada; the Kings
Jehoiakim, Jeconiah, and Zedekiah, were led into captivity. You know how
perished Croesus, AstyagM
es, Darius, Dionysius of Syracuse, Pyrrhus,
Perseus, Hannibal, Jugurtha, Ariovistus, Caesar, Pompey, Nero, Otho,
Vitellius, Domitian, Richard II. of England, Edward II., Henry VI.,
Richard III., Mary Stuart, Charles I., the three Henrys of France, the
Emperor Henry IV.! You know----"
"I know also," said Candide, "that we must cultivate our garden."
"You are right," said Pangloss, "for when man was first placed in the
Garden of Eden, he was put there _ut operaretur eum_, that he might
cultivate it; whichM
shows that man was not born to be idle."
"Let us work," said Martin, "without disputing; it is the only way to
render life tolerable."
The whole little society entered into this laudable design, according to
their different abilities. Their little plot of land produced plentiful
crops. Cunegonde was, indeed, very ugly, but she became an excellent
pastry cook; Paquette worked at embroidery; the old woman looked after
the linen. They were all, not excepting Friar Giroflee, of some service
e made a good joiner, and became a very honest man.
Pangloss sometimes said to Candide:
"There is a concatenation of events in this best of all possible worlds:
for if you had not been kicked out of a magnificent castle for love of
Miss Cunegonde: if you had not been put into the Inquisition: if you had
not walked over America: if you had not stabbed the Baron: if you had
not lost all your sheep from the fine country of El Dorado: you would
not be here eating preserved citrons and pistachio-nuts."
l that is very well," answered Candide, "but let us cultivate our
[1] P. 2. The name Pangloss is derived from two Greek words signifying
"all" and "language."
[2] P. 8. The Abares were a tribe of Tartars settled on the shores of
the Danube, who later dwelt in part of Circassia.
[3] P. 15. Venereal disease was said to have been first brought from
Hispaniola, in the West Indies, by some followers of Columbus who were
later employed in the siege of Naples. From this latter ciM
was at one time known as the Neapolitan disease.
[4] P. 19. The great earthquake of Lisbon happened on the first of
[5] P. 20. Such was the aversion of the Japanese to the Christian faith
that they compelled Europeans trading with their islands to trample on
the cross, renounce all marks of Christianity, and swear that it was not
their religion. See chap. xi. of the voyage to Laputa in Swift's
_Gulliver's Travels_.
[6] P. 23. This _auto-da-fe_ actually took place, some mM
earthquake, on June 20, 1756.
[7] P. 23. The rejection of bacon convicting them, of course, of being
Jews, and therefore fitting victims for an _auto-da-fe_.
[8] P. 24. The _San-benito_ was a kind of loose over-garment painted
with flames, figures of devils, the victim's own portrait, etc., worn by
persons condemned to death by the Inquisition when going to the stake on
the occasion of an _auto-da-fe_. Those who expressed repentance for
their errors wore a garment of the same kind covereM
directed downwards, while that worn by Jews, sorcerers, and renegades
bore a St. Andrew's cross before and behind.
[9] P. 26. "This Notre-Dame is of wood; every year she weeps on the day
of her _fete_, and the people weep also. One day the preacher, seeing a
carpenter with dry eyes, asked him how it was that he did not dissolve
in tears when the Holy Virgin wept. 'Ah, my reverend father,' replied
he, 'it is I who refastened her in her niche yesterday. I drove three
great nails through her beM
hind; it is then she would have wept if she
had been able.'"--Voltaire, _Melanges_.
[10] P. 42. The following posthumous note of Voltaire's was first added
to M. Beuchot's edition of his works issued in 1829; "See the extreme
discretion of the author; there has not been up to the present any Pope
named Urban X.; he feared to give a bastard to a known Pope. What
circumspection! What delicacy of conscience!" The last Pope Urban was
the eighth, and he died in 1644.
[11] P. 45. Muley-Ismael was Emperor of MM
orocco from 1672 to 1727, and
was a notoriously cruel tyrant.
[12] P. 47. "Oh, what a misfortune to be an eunuch!"
[13] P. 48. Carlo Broschi, called Farinelli, an Italian singer, born at
Naples in 1705, without being exactly Minister, governed Spain under
Ferdinand VI.; he died in 1782. He has been made one of the chief
persons in one of the comic operas of MM. Auber and Scribe.
[14] P. 53. Jean Robeck, a Swede, who was born in 1672, will be found
mentioned in Rousseau's _Nouvelle Heloise_. He drownedM
Weser at Bremen in 1729, and was the author of a Latin treatise on
voluntary death, first printed in 1735.
[15] P. 60. A spontoon was a kind of half-pike, a military weapon
carried by officers of infantry and used as a medium for signalling
orders to the regiment.
[16] P. 64. Later Voltaire substituted the name of the Father Croust for
that of Didrie. Of Croust he said in the _Dictionnaire Philosophique_
that he was "the most brutal of the Society."
[17] P. 68. By the _Journal of TrevM
oux_ Voltaire meant a critical
periodical printed by the Jesuits at Trevoux under the title of
_Memoires pour servir a l'Historie des Sciences et des Beaux-Arts_. It
existed from 1701 until 1767, during which period its title underwent
[18] P. 76. It has been suggested that Voltaire, in speaking of red
sheep, referred to the llama, a South American ruminant allied to the
camel. These animals are sometimes of a reddish colour, and were notable
as pack-carriers and for their fleetness.
P. 78. The first English translator curiously gives "a tourene of
bouilli that weighed two hundred pounds," as the equivalent of "_un
contour bouilli qui pesait deux cent livres_." The French editor of the
1869 reprint points out that the South American vulture, or condor, is
meant; the name of this bird, it may be added, is taken from "_cuntur_,"
that given it by the aborigines.
[20] P. 90. Spanish half-crowns.
[21] P. 99. _Socinians_; followers of the teaching of Lalius and Faustus
ury), which denied the doctrine of the Trinity, the
deity of Christ, the personality of the devil, the native and total
depravity of man, the vicarious atonement and eternal punishment. The
Socinians are now represented by the Unitarians. _Manicheans_; followers
of Manes or Manichaeus (3rd century), a Persian who maintained that there
are two principles, the one good and the other evil, each equally
powerful in the government of the world.
[22] P. 107. In the 1759 editions, in place of the long passage in
brackets from here to page 215, there was only the following: "'Sir,'
said the Perigordian Abbe to him, 'have you noticed that young person
who has so roguish a face and so fine a figure? You may have her for ten
thousand francs a month, and fifty thousand crowns in diamonds.' 'I have
only a day or two to give her,' answered Candide, 'because I have a
rendezvous at Venice.' In the evening after supper the insinuating
Perigordian redoubled his politeness and attentions."
[23] P. 108. The play referred to iM
s supposed to be "Le Comte d'Essex,"
by Thomas Corneille.
[24] P. 108. In France actors were at one time looked upon as
excommunicated persons, not worthy of burial in holy ground or with
Christian rites. In 1730 the "honours of sepulture" were refused to
Mademoiselle Lecouvreur (doubtless the Miss Monime of this passage).
Voltaire's miscellaneous works contain a paper on the matter.
[25] P. 109. Elie-Catherine Freron was a French critic (1719-1776) who
incurred the enmity of Voltaire. In 1752 Freron, iM
quelques ecrits du temps_, wrote pointedly of Voltaire as one who chose
to be all things to all men, and Voltaire retaliated by references such
as these in _Candide_.
[26] P. 111. Gabriel Gauchat (1709-1779), French ecclesiastical writer,
was author of a number of works on religious subjects.
[27] P. 112. Nicholas Charles Joseph Trublet (1697-1770) was a French
writer whose criticism of Voltaire was revenged in passages such as this
one in _Candide_, and one in the _Pauvre Diable_ beginniM
L'abbe Trublet avait alors le rage
D'etre a Paris un petit personage.
[28] P. 120. Damiens, who attempted the life of Louis XV. in 1757, was
born at Arras, capital of Artois (Atrebatie).
[29] P. 120. On May 14, 1610, Ravaillac assassinated Henry VI.
[30] P. 120. On December 27, 1594, Jean Chatel attempted to assassinate
[31] P. 122. This same curiously inept criticism of the war which cost
France her American provinces occurs in Voltaire's _Memoirs_, wherein he
56 England made a piratical war upon France for some acres
of snow." See also his _Precis du Siecle de Louis_ XV.
[32] P. 123. Admiral Byng was shot on March 14, 1757.
[33] P. 129. Commenting upon this passage, M. Sarcey says admirably:
"All is there! In those ten lines Voltaire has gathered all the griefs
and all the terrors of these creatures; the picture is admirable for its
truth and power! But do you not feel the pity and sympathy of the
painter? Here irony becomes sad, and in a way an avenger. VoltM
out with horror against the society which throws some of its members
into such an abyss. He has his 'Bartholomew' fever; we tremble with him
[34] P. 142. The following particulars of the six monarchs may prove not
uninteresting. Achmet III. (_b._ 1673, _d._ 1739) was dethroned in 1730.
Ivan VI. (_b._ 1740, _d._ 1762) was dethroned in 1741. Charles Edward
Stuart, the Pretender (_b._ 1720, _d._ 1788). Auguste III. (_b._ 1696,
_d._ 1763). Stanislaus (_b._ 1682, _d._ 1766). TheoL
dore (_b._ 1690, _d._
1755). It will be observed that, although quite impossible for the six
kings ever to have met, five of them might have been made to do so
without any anachronism.
[35] P. 149. Francois Leopold Ragotsky (1676-1735).
text/plain;charset=utf-8
A Description of the Kit
b-i-Aqdas by Shoghi Effendi
Some Supplementary Texts
Questions and Answers
A Synopsis and Codification of the Laws and Ordinances of the Kit
Key to Passages from the Aqdas translated by Shoghi Effendi
Other Notes and References in this Publication
In 1953 Shoghi Effendi, the Guardian of the Bah
s one of the goals of his Ten Year Plan the preparation of a Synopsis and Codification of the Laws and Ordinances of the Kit
b-i-Aqdas as an essential prelude to its translation. He himself worked on the codification, but had not finished it when he died in 1957. The task was continued on the basis of his work, and the resulting volume was released in 1973. That publication included, in addition to the Synopsis and Codification itself and explanatory notes, a compilation of the passages from the Kit
had already been translated by Shoghi Effendi and published in various books. The Synopsis and Codification covered the text of both the Kit
b-i-Aqdas and the Questions and Answers which constitutes an appendix to the Aqdas. In 1986 the Universal House of Justice decided that the time had come when the preparation of an English translation of the complete text of the Most Holy Book was both possible and essential and made its accomplishment a goal of the Six Year Plan 1986
1992. Its publication in English will be M
followed by translations in other languages.
It has been recognized that the Kit
b-i-Aqdas, being Sacred Scripture, should be presented in a form which can be read with ease and inspiration, uncluttered with the footnotes and index numbers that are common in scholarly texts. Nonetheless, to assist the reader in following the flow of the text and its changing themes, paragraph divisions have been added
such divisions not being common in works of Arabic literature
and these paragraphs have then been numbered for easM
e of access and indexing, as well as for uniformity of reference in all the languages in which the work will be published.
Following the text of the Aqdas is a brief compilation of Writings of Bah
h which are supplementary to the Most Holy Book, and a translation of the Questions and Answers published here for the first time.
Shoghi Effendi had stated that the English translation of the Aqdas should be
copiously annotated.
The policy followed in preparing the notes has been to concentrate on those points M
which might strike a non-Arabic-speaking reader as obscure or which, for various reasons, require elucidation or background information. They are not intended to be a comprehensive commentary on the text beyond these fundamental requirements.
The notes, which are placed following the Synopsis and Codification, are numbered sequentially. Each is preceded by a quotation of the passage to which it relates, and indicates the number of the paragraph in which this appears. This facilitates cross-reference between the teM
xt and the notes, while making it possible for readers to study the notes without repeatedly consulting the text, if they so prefer. It is hoped in this way to meet the needs of readers of a wide range of backgrounds and interests.
The index provides a guide to subjects in all sections of the volume.
The significance and character of the Kit
b-i-Aqdas and the range of subjects it contains have been graphically depicted by Shoghi Effendi in his history of the first Bah
century entitled God Passes By. As an assiM
stance to the reader, these passages are provided in the section that immediately follows the introduction. The Synopsis and Codification, which is republished in this volume, serves as another aid for obtaining an overview of the Book.
This year, the 149th of the Bah
era, marks the Centenary of the Ascension of Bah
h, Bearer of the universal Revelation of God destined to lead humanity to its collective coming of age. That this occasion should be observed by a community oM
f believers representing a cross-section of the entire human race and established, in the course of a century and a half, in the most remote corners of the globe, is a token of the forces of unity released by Bah
s advent. A further testimony to the operation of these same forces can be seen in the extent to which Bah
s vision has prefigured contemporary human experience in so many of its aspects. It is a propitious moment for the publication of this first authorized translation into English of the M
Mother Book of His Revelation, His
the Book in which He sets forth the Laws of God for a Dispensation destined to endure for no less than a thousand years.
Of the more than one hundred volumes comprising the sacred Writings of Bah
b-i-Aqdas is of unique importance.
To build anew the whole world
is the claim and challenge of His Message, and the Kit
b-i-Aqdas is the Charter of the future world civilization that Bah
h has come to raise up. Its provisions rest squarely on thM
e foundation established by past religions, for, in the words of Bah
This is the changeless Faith of God, eternal in the past, eternal in the future.
In this Revelation the concepts of the past are brought to a new level of understanding, and the social laws, changed to suit the age now dawning, are designed to carry humanity forward into a world civilization the splendors of which can as yet be scarcely imagined.
In its affirmation of the validity of the great religions of the past, the Kit
eiterates those eternal truths enunciated by all the Divine Messengers: the unity of God, love of one
s neighbor, and the moral purpose of earthly life. At the same time it removes those elements of past religious codes that now constitute obstacles to the emerging unification of the world and the reconstruction of human society.
The Law of God for this Dispensation addresses the needs of the entire human family. There are laws in the Kit
b-i-Aqdas which are directed primarily to the members of a specific section M
of humanity and can be immediately understood by them but which, at first reading, may be obscure to people of a different culture. Such, for example, is the law prohibiting the confession of sins to a fellow human being which, though understandable by those of Christian background, may puzzle others. Many laws relate to those of past Dispensations, especially the two most recent ones, those of Mu?ammad and the B
b embodied in the Qur
n. Nevertheless, although certain ordinances of the Aqdas have sucM
h a focused reference, they also have universal implications. Through His Law, Bah
h gradually unveils the significance of the new levels of knowledge and behavior to which the peoples of the world are being called. He embeds His precepts in a setting of spiritual commentary, keeping ever before the mind of the reader the principle that these laws, no matter the subject with which they deal, serve the manifold purposes of bringing tranquillity to human society, raising the standard of human behavior, increasiM
ng the range of human understanding, and spiritualizing the life of each and all. Throughout, it is the relationship of the individual soul to God and the fulfillment of its spiritual destiny that is the ultimate aim of the laws of religion.
that We have revealed unto you a mere code of laws. Nay, rather, We have unsealed the choice Wine with the fingers of might and power.
His Book of Laws is His
weightiest testimony unto all people, and the proof of the All-MercifulM
unto all who are in heaven and all who are on earth.
An introduction to the spiritual universe unveiled in the Kit
b-i-Aqdas would fail in its purpose if it did not acquaint the reader with the interpretive and legislative institutions that Bah
h has indissolubly linked with the system of law thus revealed. At the foundation of this guidance lies the unique role which Bah
indeed the text of the Kit
confer on His eldest son,
. This unique figure is at once theM
Exemplar of the pattern of life taught by His Father, the divinely inspired authoritative Interpreter of His Teachings and the Center and Pivot of the Covenant which the Author of the Bah
Revelation made with all who recognize Him. The twenty-nine years of
s ministry endowed the Bah
world with a luminous body of commentary that opens multiple vistas of understanding on His Father
In His Will and Testament
conferred the mantle of Guardian of the Cause and infallible InterM
preter of its teachings upon His eldest grandson, Shoghi Effendi, and confirmed the authority and guarantee of divine guidance decreed by Bah
h for the Universal House of Justice on all matters
which have not outwardly been revealed in the Book.
The Guardianship and the Universal House of Justice can thus be seen to be, in the words of Shoghi Effendi, the
. They are the supreme institutions of the Administrative Order which was founded and anticipated in the M
b-i-Aqdas and elaborated by
During the thirty-six years of his ministry, Shoghi Effendi raised up the structure of elected Spiritual Assemblies
the Houses of Justice referred to in the Kit
b-i-Aqdas, now in their embryonic stage
and with their collaboration initiated the systematic implementation of the Divine Plan that
had laid out for the diffusion of the Faith throughout the world. He also set in motion, on the basis of the strong administrative structure that had beenM
established, the processes which were an essential preparation for the election of the Universal House of Justice. This body, which came into existence in April 1963, is elected through secret ballot and plurality vote in a three-stage election by adult Bah
s throughout the world. The revealed Word of Bah
h, together with the interpretations and expositions of the Center of the Covenant and the Guardian of the Cause, constitute the binding terms of reference of the Universal House of Justice and are its beM
As to the laws themselves, a careful scrutiny discloses that they govern three areas: the individual
s relationship to God, physical and spiritual matters which benefit the individual directly, and relations among individuals and between the individual and society. They can be grouped under the following headings: prayer and fasting; laws of personal status governing marriage, divorce and inheritance; a range of other laws, ordinances and prohibitions, as well as exhortations; and the abrogation M
of specific laws and ordinances of previous Dispensations. A salient characteristic is their brevity. They constitute the kernel of a vast range of law that will arise in centuries to come. This elaboration of the law will be enacted by the Universal House of Justice under the authority conferred upon it by Bah
h Himself. In one of His Tablets
elucidates this principle:
Those matters of major importance which constitute the foundation of the Law of God are explicitly recorded in the Text, but M
subsidiary laws are left to the House of Justice. The wisdom of this is that the times never remain the same, for change is a necessary quality and an essential attribute of this world, and of time and place. Therefore the House of Justice will take action accordingly
Briefly, this is the wisdom of referring the laws of society to the House of Justice. In the religion of Isl
m, similarly, not every ordinance was explicitly revealed; nay not a tenth part of a tenth part was included in the Text; although all matteM
rs of major importance were specifically referred to, there were undoubtedly thousands of laws which were unspecified. These were devised by the divines of a later age according to the laws of Islamic jurisprudence, and individual divines made conflicting deductions from the original revealed ordinances. All these were enforced. Today this process of deduction is the right of the body of the House of Justice, and the deductions and conclusions of individual learned men have no authority, unless they are endorsed byM
the House of Justice. The difference is precisely this, that from the conclusions and endorsements of the body of the House of Justice whose members are elected by and known to the worldwide Bah
community, no differences will arise; whereas the conclusions of individual divines and scholars would definitely lead to differences, and result in schism, division, and dispersion. The oneness of the Word would be destroyed, the unity of the Faith would disappear, and the edifice of the Faith of God would be shaken.
Although the Universal House of Justice is explicitly authorized to change or repeal its own legislation as conditions change, thus providing Bah
law with an essential element of flexibility, it cannot abrogate or change any of the laws which are explicitly laid down in the sacred Text.
The society for which certain of the laws of the Aqdas are designed will come only gradually into being, and Bah
h has provided for the progressive application of Bah
Indeed, the laws of God are like unto the M
ocean and the children of men as fish, did they but know it. However, in observing them one must exercise tact and wisdom
Since most people are feeble and far-removed from the purpose of God, therefore one must observe tact and prudence under all conditions, so that nothing might happen that could cause disturbance and dissension or raise clamor among the heedless. Verily, His bounty hath surpassed the whole universe and His bestowals encompassed all that dwell on earth. One must guide mankind to the ocean of trueM
understanding in a spirit of love and tolerance. The Kit
b-i-Aqdas itself beareth eloquent testimony to the loving providence of God.
The principle governing this progressive application was enunciated in a letter written on behalf of Shoghi Effendi to a National Spiritual Assembly in 1935:
the laws revealed by Bah
h in the Aqdas are, whenever practicable and not in direct conflict with the Civil Law of the land, absolutely binding on every believer or Bah
institution whether in the East or in theM
West. Certain laws
should be regarded by all believers as universally and vitally applicable at the present time. Others have been formulated in anticipation of a state of society destined to emerge from the chaotic conditions that prevail today
What has not been formulated in the Aqdas, in addition to matters of detail and of secondary importance arising out of the application of the laws already formulated by Bah
h, will have to be enacted by the Universal House of Justice. This body can supplement but M
never invalidate or modify in the least degree what has already been formulated by Bah
h. Nor has the Guardian any right whatsoever to lessen the binding effect much less to abrogate the provisions of so fundamental and sacred a Book.
The number of laws binding on Bah
s is not increased by the publication of this translation. When it is deemed timely, the Bah
community will be advised which additional laws are binding upon believers, and any guidance or supplementary legislation necessary for their apM
plication will be provided.
In general, the laws of the Kit
b-i-Aqdas are stated succinctly. An example of this conciseness can be seen in the fact that many are expressed only as they apply to a man, but it is apparent from the Guardian
s writings that, where Bah
h has given a law as between a man and a woman, it applies mutatis mutandis between a woman and a man unless the context makes this impossible. For example, the text of the Kit
b-i-Aqdas forbids a man to marry his father
s wife (i.e. his stepmotherM
), and the Guardian has indicated that likewise a woman is forbidden to marry her stepfather. This understanding of the implications of the Law has far-reaching effects in light of the fundamental Bah
principle of the equality of the sexes, and should be borne in mind when the sacred Text is studied. That men and women differ from one another in certain characteristics and functions is an inescapable fact of nature and makes possible their complementary roles in certain areas of the life of society; but it is siM
has stated that in this Dispensation
Equality of men and women, except in some negligible instances, has been fully and categorically announced.
Mention has already been made of the intimate relationship between the Kit
b-i-Aqdas and the Holy Books of previous Dispensations. Especially close is the relationship to the Bay
n, the Book of Laws revealed by the B
b. It is elucidated in the following excerpts from letters written on behalf of the Guardian:
Shoghi Effendi feels that the M
Revelation as one complete whole embracing the Faith of the B
b should be emphasized
b should not be divorced from that of Bah
h. Though the teachings of the Bay
n have been abrogated and superseded by the laws of the Aqdas, yet due to the fact that the B
b considered Himself as the Forerunner of Bah
h, we would regard His Dispensation together with that of Bah
h as forming one entity, the former being introductory to the advent of the latter.
s that His laws are provisional and depend upon the acceptance of the future Manifestation. This is why in the Book of Aqdas Bah
h sanctions some of the laws found in the Bay
n, modifies others and sets aside many.
n had been revealed by the B
b at about the midpoint of His Ministry, Bah
b-i-Aqdas around 1873, some twenty years after He had received, in the S
n, the intimation of His Revelation. In one of His Tablets He indicates that even after itsM
revelation the Aqdas was withheld by Him for some time before it was sent to the friends in Iran. Thereafter, as Shoghi Effendi has related:
The formulation by Bah
b-i-Aqdas, of the fundamental laws of His Dispensation was followed, as His Mission drew to a close, by the enunciation of certain precepts and principles which lie at the very core of His Faith, by the reaffirmation of truths He had previously proclaimed, by the elaboration and elucidation of some of the laws He had already laid M
down, by the revelation of further prophecies and warnings, and by the establishment of subsidiary ordinances designed to supplement the provisions of His Most Holy Book. These were recorded in unnumbered Tablets, which He continued to reveal until the last days of His earthly life
Among such works is the Questions and Answers, a compilation made by Zaynu
n, the most eminent of the transcribers of Bah
s Writings. Consisting of answers revealed by Bah
h to questions put to Him by variousM
believers, it constitutes an invaluable appendix to the Kit
b-i-Aqdas. In 1978 the most noteworthy of the other Tablets of this nature were published in English as a compilation entitled Tablets of Bah
h revealed after the Kit
Some years after the revelation of the Kit
h had manuscript copies sent to Bah
s in Iran, and in the year 1308 A.H. (1890
91 A.D.), towards the end of His life, He arranged for the publication of the original Arabic text of the Book in Bombay.
should be said about the style of language in which the Kit
b-i-Aqdas has been rendered into English. Bah
h enjoyed a superb mastery of Arabic, and preferred to use it in those Tablets and other Writings where its precision of meaning was particularly appropriate to the exposition of basic principle. Beyond the choice of language itself, however, the style employed is of an exalted and emotive character, immensely compelling, particularly to those familiar with the great literary tradition out of which it arM
ose. In taking up his task of translation, Shoghi Effendi faced the challenge of finding an English style which would not only faithfully convey the exactness of the text
s meaning, but would also evoke in the reader the spirit of meditative reverence which is a distinguishing feature of response to the original. The form of expression he selected, reminiscent of the style used by the seventeenth-century translators of the Bible, captures the elevated mode of Bah
s Arabic, while remaining accessible to the M
contemporary reader. His translations, moreover, are illumined by his uniquely inspired understanding of the purport and implications of the originals.
Although both Arabic and English are languages with rich vocabularies and varied modes of expression, their forms differ widely from one another. The Arabic of the Kit
b-i-Aqdas is marked by intense concentration and terseness of expression. It is a characteristic of this style that if a connotation is obvious it should not be explicitly stated. This presents a proM
blem for a reader whose cultural, religious and literary background is entirely different from that of Arabic. A literal translation of a passage which is clear in the Arabic could be obscure in English. It therefore becomes necessary to include in the English translation of such passages that element of the Arabic sentence which is obviously implicit in the original. At the same time, it is vital to avoid extrapolating this process to the point where it would add unjustifiably to the original or limit its meaning.M
Striking the right balance between beauty and clarity of expression on the one hand, and literalness on the other, is one of the major issues with which the translators have had to grapple and which has caused repeated reconsideration of the rendering of certain passages. Another major issue is the legal implication of certain Arabic terms which have a range of meanings different from those of similar terms in English.
Sacred Scripture clearly requires especial care and faithfulness in translation. This is supremM
ely important in the case of a Book of Laws, where it is vital that the reader not be misled or drawn into fruitless disputation. As had been foreseen, the translation of the Most Holy Book has been a work of the utmost difficulty, requiring consultation with experts in many lands. Since some one-third of the text had already been translated by Shoghi Effendi, it was necessary to strive for three qualities in the translation of the remaining passages: accuracy of meaning, beauty of English, and conformity of style M
with that used by Shoghi Effendi.
We are now satisfied that the translation has reached a point where it represents an acceptable rendering of the original. Nevertheless, it will undoubtedly give rise to questions and suggestions which may shed further light on its content. We are profoundly grateful for the assiduous and meticulous labors of the members of the Committees whom we commissioned to prepare and review this translation of the Aqdas and to compose the annotations. We are confident that this first authorM
ized English edition of the Kit
b-i-Aqdas will enable its readers to obtain at least an inkling of the splendor of the Mother Book of the Bah
Our world has entered the dark heart of an age of fundamental change beyond anything in all of its tumultuous history. Its peoples, of whatever race, nation, or religion, are being challenged to subordinate all lesser loyalties and limiting identities to their oneness as citizens of a single planetary homeland. In Bah
The well-being of mankM
ind, its peace and security, are unattainable unless and until its unity is firmly established.
May the publication of this translation of the Kit
b-i-Aqdas lend a fresh impulse to the realization of this universal vision, opening vistas of a worldwide regeneration.
The Universal House of Justice
A Description of the
Taken from God Passes By,
his history of the first Bah
Unique and stupendous as was this Proclamation, it proved to be but a pM
relude to a still mightier revelation of the creative power of its Author, and to what may well rank as the most signal act of His ministry
the promulgation of the Kit
b-i-Aqdas. Alluded to in the Kit
n, the principal repository of that Law which the Prophet Isaiah had anticipated, and which the writer of the Apocalypse had described as the
the Tabernacle of God,
New Jerusalem coming down from God,
rovisions must remain inviolate for no less than a thousand years, and whose system will embrace the entire planet, may well be regarded as the brightest emanation of the mind of Bah
h, as the Mother Book of His Dispensation, and the Charter of His New World Order.
Revealed soon after Bah
h had been transferred to the house of
r (circa 1873), at a time when He was still encompassed by the tribulations that had afflicted Him, through the acts committed by His enemies and the professed adherenM
ts of His Faith, this Book, this treasury enshrining the priceless gems of His Revelation, stands out, by virtue of the principles it inculcates, the administrative institutions it ordains and the function with which it invests the appointed Successor of its Author, unique and incomparable among the world
s sacred Scriptures. For, unlike the Old Testament and the Holy Books which preceded it, in which the actual precepts uttered by the Prophet Himself are nonexistent; unlike the Gospels, in which the few sayings atM
tributed to Jesus Christ afford no clear guidance regarding the future administration of the affairs of His Faith; unlike even the Qur
n which, though explicit in the laws and ordinances formulated by the Apostle of God, is silent on the all-important subject of the succession, the Kit
b-i-Aqdas, revealed from first to last by the Author of the Dispensation Himself, not only preserves for posterity the basic laws and ordinances on which the fabric of His future World Order must rest, but ordains, in addition to thM
e function of interpretation which it confers upon His Successor, the necessary institutions through which the integrity and unity of His Faith can alone be safeguarded.
In this Charter of the future world civilization its Author
at once the Judge, the Lawgiver, the Unifier and Redeemer of mankind
announces to the kings of the earth the promulgation of the
; pronounces them to be His vassals; proclaims Himself the
; disclaims any intention of laying hands on their kingdoms; reserves M
for Himself the right to
seize and possess the hearts of men
s ecclesiastical leaders not to weigh the
with such standards as are current amongst them; and affirms that the Book itself is the
established amongst men. In it He formally ordains the institution of the
defines its functions, fixes its revenues, and designates its members as the
Trustees of the All-Merciful
; alludes to the future CenterM
of His Covenant, and invests Him with the right of interpreting His holy Writ; anticipates by implication the institution of Guardianship; bears witness to the revolutionizing effect of His World Order; enunciates the doctrine of the
Most Great Infallibility
of the Manifestation of God; asserts this infallibility to be the inherent and exclusive right of the Prophet; and rules out the possibility of the appearance of another Manifestation ere the lapse of at least one thousand years.
In this Book He, moreover, M
prescribes the obligatory prayers; designates the time and period of fasting; prohibits congregational prayer except for the dead; fixes the Qiblih; institutes the ?uq
h (Right of God); formulates the law of inheritance; ordains the institution of the Mashriqu
r; establishes the Nineteen Day Feast, the Bah
festivals and the Intercalary Days; abolishes the institution of priesthood; prohibits slavery, asceticism, mendicancy, monasticism, penance, the use of pulpits and the kissing of hands; prescribeM
s monogamy; condemns cruelty to animals, idleness and sloth, backbiting and calumny; censures divorce; interdicts gambling, the use of opium, wine and other intoxicating drinks; specifies the punishments for murder, arson, adultery and theft; stresses the importance of marriage and lays down its essential conditions; imposes the obligation of engaging in some trade or profession, exalting such occupation to the rank of worship; emphasizes the necessity of providing the means for the education of children; and lays M
upon every person the duty of writing a testament and of strict obedience to one
Apart from these provisions Bah
h exhorts His followers to consort, with amity and concord and without discrimination, with the adherents of all religions; warns them to guard against fanaticism, sedition, pride, dispute and contention; inculcates upon them immaculate cleanliness, strict truthfulness, spotless chastity, trustworthiness, hospitality, fidelity, courtesy, forbearance, justice and fairness; counsels thM
even as the fingers of one hand and the limbs of one body
; calls upon them to arise and serve His Cause; and assures them of His undoubted aid. He, furthermore, dwells upon the instability of human affairs; declares that true liberty consists in man
s submission to His commandments; cautions them not to be indulgent in carrying out His statutes; prescribes the twin inseparable duties of recognizing the
and of observing all the ordinances revealed by Him, neither of which, M
He affirms, is acceptable without the other.
The significant summons issued to the Presidents of the Republics of the American continent to seize their opportunity in the Day of God and to champion the cause of justice; the injunction to the members of parliaments throughout the world, urging the adoption of a universal script and language; His warnings to William I, the conqueror of Napoleon III; the reproof He administers to Francis Joseph, the Emperor of Austria; His reference to
the lamentations of Berlin
the banks of the Rhine
; His condemnation of
the throne of tyranny
established in Constantinople, and His prediction of the extinction of its
and of the tribulations destined to overtake its inhabitants; the words of cheer and comfort He addresses to His native city, assuring her that God had chosen her to be
the source of the joy of all mankind
; His prophecy that
the voice of the heroes of Khur
will be raised in glorification of their Lord; His assertion that men
ndued with mighty valor
will be raised up in Kirm
n who will make mention of Him; and finally, His magnanimous assurance to a perfidious brother who had afflicted Him with such anguish, that an
ever-forgiving, all-bounteous
God would forgive him his iniquities were he only to repent
all these further enrich the contents of a Book designated by its Author as
the source of true felicity,
quickener of mankind.
The laws and ordinances that constituteM
the major theme of this Book, Bah
h, moreover, has specifically characterized as
the breath of life unto all created things,
the mightiest stronghold,
the highest means for the maintenance of order in the world and the security of its peoples,
the lamps of His wisdom and loving-providence,
the sweet-smelling savor of His garment,
He Himself testifies,
is a heaven which We have adorned with the sM
tars of Our commandments and prohibitions.
He, moreover, has stated,
who will read it, and ponder the verses sent down in it by God, the Lord of Power, the Almighty. Say, O men! Take hold of it with the hand of resignation
By My life! It hath been sent down in a manner that amazeth the minds of men. Verily, it is My weightiest testimony unto all people, and the proof of the All-Merciful unto all who are in heaven and all who are on earth.
Blessed the palate that savoreth its sweeM
tness, and the perceiving eye that recognizeth that which is treasured therein, and the understanding heart that comprehendeth its allusions and mysteries. By God! Such is the majesty of what hath been revealed therein, and so tremendous the revelation of its veiled allusions that the loins of utterance shake when attempting their description.
In such a manner hath the Kit
b-i-Aqdas been revealed that it attracteth and embraceth all the divinely appointed Dispensations. Blessed those who peruse it! BM
lessed those who apprehend it! Blessed those who meditate upon it! Blessed those who ponder its meaning! So vast is its range that it hath encompassed all men ere their recognition of it. Erelong will its sovereign power, its pervasive influence and the greatness of its might be manifested on earth.
In the name of Him Who is the Supreme Ruler over all that hath been and all that is to be
The first duty prescribed by God for His servants is the recognition of Him Who is theM
Dayspring of His Revelation and the Fountain of His laws, Who representeth the Godhead in both the Kingdom of His Cause and the world of creation. Whoso achieveth this duty hath attained unto all good; and whoso is deprived thereof hath gone astray, though he be the author of every righteous deed. It behooveth everyone who reacheth this most sublime station, this summit of transcendent glory, to observe every ordinance of Him Who is the Desire of the world. These twin duties are inseparable. Neither is acceptable M
without the other. Thus hath it been decreed by Him Who is the Source of Divine inspiration.
They whom God hath endued with insight will readily recognize that the precepts laid down by God constitute the highest means for the maintenance of order in the world and the security of its peoples. He that turneth away from them is accounted among the abject and foolish. We, verily, have commanded you to refuse the dictates of your evil passions and corrupt desires, and not to transgress the bounds which the Pen of the M
Most High hath fixed, for these are the breath of life unto all created things. The seas of Divine wisdom and Divine utterance have risen under the breath of the breeze of the All-Merciful. Hasten to drink your fill, O men of understanding! They that have violated the Covenant of God by breaking His commandments, and have turned back on their heels, these have erred grievously in the sight of God, the All-Possessing, the Most High.
O ye peoples of the world! Know assuredly that My commandments are the lamps of My M
loving providence among My servants, and the keys of My mercy for My creatures. Thus hath it been sent down from the heaven of the Will of your Lord, the Lord of Revelation. Were any man to taste the sweetness of the words which the lips of the All-Merciful have willed to utter, he would, though the treasures of the earth be in his possession, renounce them one and all, that he might vindicate the truth of even one of His commandments, shining above the Dayspring of His bountiful care and loving-kindness.
m My laws the sweet-smelling savor of My garment can be smelled, and by their aid the standards of Victory will be planted upon the highest peaks. The Tongue of My power hath, from the heaven of My omnipotent glory, addressed to My creation these words:
Observe My commandments, for the love of My beauty.
Happy is the lover that hath inhaled the divine fragrance of his Best-Beloved from these words, laden with the perfume of a grace which no tongue can describe. By My life! He who hath drunk the choice wine of faiM
rness from the hands of My bountiful favor will circle around My commandments that shine above the Dayspring of My creation.
Think not that We have revealed unto you a mere code of laws. Nay, rather, We have unsealed the choice Wine with the fingers of might and power. To this beareth witness that which the Pen of Revelation hath revealed. Meditate upon this, O men of insight!
We have enjoined obligatory prayer upon you, with nine rak
ahs, to be offered at noon and in the morning and the evening unto God, the RevM
ealer of Verses. We have relieved you of a greater number, as a command in the Book of God. He, verily, is the Ordainer, the Omnipotent, the Unrestrained. When ye desire to perform this prayer, turn ye towards the Court of My Most Holy Presence, this Hallowed Spot that God hath made the Center round which circle the Concourse on high, and which He hath decreed to be the Point of Adoration for the denizens of the Cities of Eternity, and the Source of Command unto all that are in heaven and on earth; and when the SunM
of Truth and Utterance shall set, turn your faces towards the Spot that We have ordained for you. He, verily, is Almighty and Omniscient.
Everything that is hath come to be through His irresistible decree. Whenever My laws appear like the sun in the heaven of Mine utterance, they must be faithfully obeyed by all, though My decree be such as to cause the heaven of every religion to be cleft asunder. He doeth what He pleaseth. He chooseth, and none may question His choice. Whatsoever He, the Well-Beloved, ordainethM
, the same is, verily, beloved. To this He Who is the Lord of all creation beareth Me witness. Whoso hath inhaled the sweet fragrance of the All-Merciful, and recognized the Source of this utterance, will welcome with his own eyes the shafts of the enemy, that he may establish the truth of the laws of God amongst men. Well is it with him that hath turned thereunto, and apprehended the meaning of His decisive decree.
We have set forth the details of obligatory prayer in another Tablet. Blessed is he who observeth tM
hat whereunto he hath been bidden by Him Who ruleth over all mankind. In the Prayer for the Dead six specific passages have been sent down by God, the Revealer of Verses. Let one who is able to read recite that which hath been revealed to precede these passages; and as for him who is unable, God hath relieved him of this requirement. He, of a truth, is the Mighty, the Pardoner.
Hair doth not invalidate your prayer, nor aught from which the spirit hath departed, such as bones and the like. Ye are free to wear the fM
ur of the sable as ye would that of the beaver, the squirrel, and other animals; the prohibition of its use hath stemmed, not from the Qur
n, but from the misconceptions of the divines. He, verily, is the All-Glorious, the All-Knowing.
We have commanded you to pray and fast from the beginning of maturity; this is ordained by God, your Lord and the Lord of your forefathers. He hath exempted from this those who are weak from illness or age, as a bounty from His Presence, and He is the Forgiving, the Generous. God hM
ath granted you leave to prostrate yourselves on any surface that is clean, for We have removed in this regard the limitation that had been laid down in the Book; God, indeed, hath knowledge of that whereof ye know naught. Let him that findeth no water for ablution repeat five times the words
In the Name of God, the Most Pure, the Most Pure,
and then proceed to his devotions. Such is the command of the Lord of all worlds. In regions where the days and nights grow long, let times of prayer be gauged by clocks and M
other instruments that mark the passage of the hours. He, verily, is the Expounder, the Wise.
We have absolved you from the requirement of performing the Prayer of the Signs. On the appearance of fearful natural events call ye to mind the might and majesty of your Lord, He Who heareth and seeth all, and say
s, the Lord of the seen and the unseen, the Lord of creation.
It hath been ordained that obligatory prayer is to be performed by each of you individually. Save in the Prayer for the Dead, theM
practice of congregational prayer hath been annulled. He, of a truth, is the Ordainer, the All-Wise.
God hath exempted women who are in their courses from obligatory prayer and fasting. Let them, instead, after performance of their ablutions, give praise unto God, repeating ninety-five times between the noon of one day and the next
Glorified be God, the Lord of Splendor and Beauty.
Thus hath it been decreed in the Book, if ye be of them that comprehend.
When traveling, if ye should stop and rest in some safe sM
a single prostration in place of each unsaid Obligatory Prayer, and while prostrating say
Glorified be God, the Lord of Might and Majesty, of Grace and Bounty.
Whoso is unable to do this, let him say only
; this shall assuredly suffice him. He is, of a truth, the all-sufficing, the ever-abiding, the forgiving, compassionate God. Upon completing your prostrations, seat yourselves cross-legged
and eighteen times repeat
Glorified be God, the M
Lord of the kingdoms of earth and heaven.
Thus doth the Lord make plain the ways of truth and guidance, ways that lead to one way, which is this Straight Path. Render thanks unto God for this most gracious favor; offer praise unto Him for this bounty that hath encompassed the heavens and the earth; extol Him for this mercy that hath pervaded all creation.
Say: God hath made My hidden love the key to the Treasure; would that ye might perceive it! But for the key, the Treasure would to all eternity have remained coM
ncealed; would that ye might believe it! Say: This is the Source of Revelation, the Dawning-place of Splendor, Whose brightness hath illumined the horizons of the world. Would that ye might understand! This is, verily, that fixed Decree through which every irrevocable decree hath been established.
O Pen of the Most High! Say: O people of the world! We have enjoined upon you fasting during a brief period, and at its close have designated for you Naw-R
z as a feast. Thus hath the Daystar of Utterance shone forth aboM
ve the horizon of the Book as decreed by Him Who is the Lord of the beginning and the end. Let the days in excess of the months be placed before the month of fasting. We have ordained that these, amid all nights and days, shall be the manifestations of the letter H
, and thus they have not been bounded by the limits of the year and its months. It behooveth the people of Bah
, throughout these days, to provide good cheer for themselves, their kindred and, beyond them, the poor and needy, and with joy and exultation M
to hail and glorify their Lord, to sing His praise and magnify His Name; and when they end
these days of giving that precede the season of restraint
let them enter upon the Fast. Thus hath it been ordained by Him Who is the Lord of all mankind. The traveler, the ailing, those who are with child or giving suck, are not bound by the Fast; they have been exempted by God as a token of His grace. He, verily, is the Almighty, the Most Generous.
These are the ordinances of God that have been set down in the Books and TabM
lets by His Most Exalted Pen. Hold ye fast unto His statutes and commandments, and be not of those who, following their idle fancies and vain imaginings, have clung to the standards fixed by their own selves, and cast behind their backs the standards laid down by God. Abstain from food and drink from sunrise to sundown, and beware lest desire deprive you of this grace that is appointed in the Book.
It hath been ordained that every believer in God, the Lord of Judgment, shall, each day, having washed his hands andM
then his face, seat himself and, turning unto God, repeat
ninety-five times. Such was the decree of the Maker of the Heavens when, with majesty and power, He established Himself upon the thrones of His Names. Perform ye, likewise, ablutions for the Obligatory Prayer; this is the command of God, the Incomparable, the Unrestrained.
Ye have been forbidden to commit murder or adultery, or to engage in backbiting or calumny; shun ye, then, what hath been prohibited in the holy Books and Tablets.
e divided inheritance into seven categories: to the children, We have allotted nine parts comprising five hundred and forty shares; to the wife, eight parts comprising four hundred and eighty shares; to the father, seven parts comprising four hundred and twenty shares; to the mother, six parts comprising three hundred and sixty shares; to the brothers, five parts or three hundred shares; to the sisters, four parts or two hundred and forty shares; and to the teachers, three parts or one hundred and eighty shares. SuM
ch was the ordinance of My Forerunner, He Who extolleth My Name in the night season and at the break of day. When We heard the clamor of the children as yet unborn, We doubled their share and decreased those of the rest. He, of a truth, hath power to ordain whatsoever He desireth, and He doeth as He pleaseth by virtue of His sovereign might.
Should the deceased leave no offspring, their share shall revert to the House of Justice, to be expended by the Trustees of the All-Merciful on the orphaned and widowed, and oM
n whatsoever will bring benefit to the generality of the people, that all may give thanks unto their Lord, the All-Gracious, the Pardoner.
Should the deceased leave offspring, but none of the other categories of heirs that have been specified in the Book, they shall receive two-thirds of the inheritance and the remaining third shall revert to the House of Justice. Such is the command which hath been given, in majesty and glory, by Him Who is the All-Possessing, the Most High.
If the deceased should leave none of M
the specified heirs, but have among his relatives nephews and nieces, whether on his brother
s side, two-thirds of the inheritance shall pass to them; or, lacking these, to his uncles and aunts on both his father
s side, and after them to their sons and daughters. The remaining third of the inheritance shall, in any case, revert to the Seat of Justice. Thus hath it been laid down in the Book by Him Who ruleth over all men.
Should the deceased be survived by none of those whose nameM
s have been recorded by the Pen of the Most High, his estate shall, in its entirety, revert to the aforementioned Seat that it may be expended on that which is prescribed by God. He, verily, is the Ordainer, the Omnipotent.
We have assigned the residence and personal clothing of the deceased to the male, not female, offspring, nor to the other heirs. He, verily, is the Munificent, the All-Bountiful.
Should the son of the deceased have passed away in the days of his father and have left children, they will inheritM
s share, as prescribed in the Book of God. Divide ye their share amongst them with perfect justice. Thus have the billows of the Ocean of Utterance surged, casting forth the pearls of the laws decreed by the Lord of all mankind.
If the deceased should leave children who are under age, their share of the inheritance must be entrusted to a reliable individual, or to a company, that it may be invested on their behalf in trade and business until they come of age. The trustee should be assigned a due sharM
e of the profit that hath accrued to it from being thus employed.
Division of the estate should take place only after the ?uq
h hath been paid, any debts have been settled, the expenses of the funeral and burial defrayed, and such provision made that the deceased may be carried to his resting-place with dignity and honor. Thus hath it been ordained by Him Who is Lord of the beginning and the end.
Say: This is that hidden knowledge which shall never change, since its beginning is with nine, the symbol that bM
etokeneth the concealed and manifest, the inviolable and unapproachably exalted Name. As for what We have appropriated to the children, this is a bounty conferred on them by God, that they may render thanks unto their Lord, the Compassionate, the Merciful. These, verily, are the Laws of God; transgress them not at the prompting of your base and selfish desires. Observe ye the injunctions laid upon you by Him Who is the Dawning-place of Utterance. The sincere among His servants will regard the precepts set forth by M
God as the Water of Life to the followers of every faith, and the Lamp of wisdom and loving providence to all the denizens of earth and heaven.
The Lord hath ordained that in every city a House of Justice be established wherein shall gather counselors to the number of Bah
, and should it exceed this number it doth not matter. They should consider themselves as entering the Court of the presence of God, the Exalted, the Most High, and as beholding Him Who is the Unseen. It behooveth them to be the trusted ones of tM
he Merciful among men and to regard themselves as the guardians appointed of God for all that dwell on earth. It is incumbent upon them to take counsel together and to have regard for the interests of the servants of God, for His sake, even as they regard their own interests, and to choose that which is meet and seemly. Thus hath the Lord your God commanded you. Beware lest ye put away that which is clearly revealed in His Tablet. Fear God, O ye that perceive.
O people of the world! Build ye houses of worship throM
ughout the lands in the name of Him Who is the Lord of all religions. Make them as perfect as is possible in the world of being, and adorn them with that which befitteth them, not with images and effigies. Then, with radiance and joy, celebrate therein the praise of your Lord, the Most Compassionate. Verily, by His remembrance the eye is cheered and the heart is filled with light.
The Lord hath ordained that those of you who are able shall make pilgrimage to the sacred House, and from this He hath exempted women aM
s a mercy on His part. He, of a truth, is the All-Bountiful, the Most Generous.
! It is incumbent upon each one of you to engage in some occupation
such as a craft, a trade or the like. We have exalted your engagement in such work to the rank of worship of the one true God. Reflect, O people, on the grace and blessings of your Lord, and yield Him thanks at eventide and dawn. Waste not your hours in idleness and sloth, but occupy yourselves with what will profit you and others. Thus hath it been decM
reed in this Tablet from whose horizon hath shone the daystar of wisdom and utterance. The most despised of men in the sight of God are they who sit and beg. Hold ye fast unto the cord of means and place your trust in God, the Provider of all means.
The kissing of hands hath been forbidden in the Book. This practice is prohibited by God, the Lord of glory and command. To none is it permitted to seek absolution from another soul; let repentance be between yourselves and God. He, verily, is the Pardoner, the BounteoM
us, the Gracious, the One Who absolveth the repentant.
O ye servants of the Merciful One! Arise to serve the Cause of God, in such wise that the cares and sorrows caused by them that have disbelieved in the Dayspring of the Signs of God may not afflict you. At the time when the Promise was fulfilled and the Promised One made manifest, differences have appeared amongst the kindreds of the earth and each people hath followed its own fancy and idle imaginings.
Amongst the people is he who seateth himself amid the saM
ndals by the door whilst coveting in his heart the seat of honor. Say: What manner of man art thou, O vain and heedless one, who wouldst appear as other than thou art? And among the people is he who layeth claim to inner knowledge, and still deeper knowledge concealed within this knowledge. Say: Thou speakest false! By God! What thou dost possess is naught but husks which We have left to thee as bones are left to dogs. By the righteousness of the one true God! Were anyone to wash the feet of all mankind, and were hM
e to worship God in the forests, valleys, and mountains, upon high hills and lofty peaks, to leave no rock or tree, no clod of earth, but was a witness to his worship
yet, should the fragrance of My good pleasure not be inhaled from him, his works would never be acceptable unto God. Thus hath it been decreed by Him Who is the Lord of all. How many a man hath secluded himself in the climes of India, denied himself the things that God hath decreed as lawful, imposed upon himself austerities and mortifications, and haM
th not been remembered by God, the Revealer of Verses. Make not your deeds as snares wherewith to entrap the object of your aspiration, and deprive not yourselves of this Ultimate Objective for which have ever yearned all such as have drawn nigh unto God. Say: The very life of all deeds is My good pleasure, and all things depend upon Mine acceptance. Read ye the Tablets that ye may know what hath been purposed in the Books of God, the All-Glorious, the Ever-Bounteous. He who attaineth to My love hath title to a thrM
one of gold, to sit thereon in honor over all the world; he who is deprived thereof, though he sit upon the dust, that dust would seek refuge with God, the Lord of all Religions.
Whoso layeth claim to a Revelation direct from God, ere the expiration of a full thousand years, such a man is assuredly a lying impostor. We pray God that He may graciously assist him to retract and repudiate such claim. Should he repent, God will, no doubt, forgive him. If, however, he persisteth in his error, God will, assuredly, send M
down one who will deal mercilessly with him. Terrible, indeed, is God in punishing! Whosoever interpreteth this verse otherwise than its obvious meaning is deprived of the Spirit of God and of His mercy which encompasseth all created things. Fear God, and follow not your idle fancies. Nay, rather, follow the bidding of your Lord, the Almighty, the All-Wise. Erelong shall clamorous voices be raised in most lands. Shun them, O My people, and follow not the iniquitous and evilhearted. This is that of which We gave youM
forewarning when We were dwelling in
q, then later while in the Land of Mystery, and now from this Resplendent Spot.
Be not dismayed, O peoples of the world, when the daystar of My beauty is set, and the heaven of My tabernacle is concealed from your eyes. Arise to further My Cause, and to exalt My Word amongst men. We are with you at all times, and shall strengthen you through the power of truth. We are truly almighty. Whoso hath recognized Me will arise and serve Me with such determination that the powers oM
f earth and heaven shall be unable to defeat his purpose.
The peoples of the world are fast asleep. Were they to wake from their slumber, they would hasten with eagerness unto God, the All-Knowing, the All-Wise. They would cast away everything they possess, be it all the treasures of the earth, that their Lord may remember them to the extent of addressing to them but one word. Such is the instruction given you by Him Who holdeth the knowledge of things hidden, in a Tablet which the eye of creation hath not seen, aM
nd which is revealed to none except His own Self, the omnipotent Protector of all worlds. So bewildered are they in the drunkenness of their evil desires, that they are powerless to recognize the Lord of all being, Whose voice calleth aloud from every direction:
There is none other God but Me, the Mighty, the All-Wise.
Say: Rejoice not in the things ye possess; tonight they are yours, tomorrow others will possess them. Thus warneth you He Who is the All-Knowing, the All-Informed. Say: Can ye claim that what ye oM
wn is lasting or secure? Nay! By Myself, the All-Merciful, ye cannot, if ye be of them who judge fairly. The days of your life flee away as a breath of wind, and all your pomp and glory shall be folded up as were the pomp and glory of those gone before you. Reflect, O people! What hath become of your bygone days, your lost centuries? Happy the days that have been consecrated to the remembrance of God, and blessed the hours which have been spent in praise of Him Who is the All-Wise. By My life! Neither the pomp of tM
he mighty, nor the wealth of the rich, nor even the ascendancy of the ungodly will endure. All will perish, at a word from Him. He, verily, is the All-Powerful, the All-Compelling, the Almighty. What advantage is there in the earthly things which men possess? That which shall profit them, they have utterly neglected. Erelong, they will awake from their slumber, and find themselves unable to obtain that which hath escaped them in the days of their Lord, the Almighty, the All-Praised. Did they but know it, they wouldM
renounce their all, that their names may be mentioned before His throne. They, verily, are accounted among the dead.
Amongst the people is he whose learning hath made him proud, and who hath been debarred thereby from recognizing My Name, the Self-Subsisting; who, when he heareth the tread of sandals following behind him, waxeth greater in his own esteem than Nimrod. Say: O rejected one! Where now is his abode? By God, it is the nethermost fire. Say: O concourse of divines! Hear ye not the shrill voice of My MostM
Exalted Pen? See ye not this Sun that shineth in refulgent splendor above the All-Glorious Horizon? For how long will ye worship the idols of your evil passions? Forsake your vain imaginings, and turn yourselves unto God, your Everlasting Lord.
Endowments dedicated to charity revert to God, the Revealer of Signs. None hath the right to dispose of them without leave from Him Who is the Dawning-place of Revelation. After Him, this authority shall pass to the Agh?
n, and after them to the House of Justice
be established in the world by then
that they may use these endowments for the benefit of the Places which have been exalted in this Cause, and for whatsoever hath been enjoined upon them by Him Who is the God of might and power. Otherwise, the endowments shall revert to the people of Bah
who speak not except by His leave and judge not save in accordance with what God hath decreed in this Tablet
lo, they are the champions of victory betwixt heaven and earth
that they may use them in the manner that hath been laid M
down in the Book by God, the Mighty, the Bountiful.
Lament not in your hours of trial, neither rejoice therein; seek ye the Middle Way which is the remembrance of Me in your afflictions and reflection over that which may befall you in future. Thus informeth you He Who is the Omniscient, He Who is aware.
Shave not your heads; God hath adorned them with hair, and in this there are signs from the Lord of creation to those who reflect upon the requirements of nature. He, verily, is the God of strength and wisdom. NotM
withstanding, it is not seemly to let the hair pass beyond the limit of the ears. Thus hath it been decreed by Him Who is the Lord of all worlds.
Exile and imprisonment are decreed for the thief, and, on the third offense, place ye a mark upon his brow so that, thus identified, he may not be accepted in the cities of God and His countries. Beware lest, through compassion, ye neglect to carry out the statutes of the religion of God; do that which hath been bidden you by Him Who is compassionate and merciful. We schM
ool you with the rod of wisdom and laws, like unto the father who educateth his son, and this for naught but the protection of your own selves and the elevation of your stations. By My life, were ye to discover what We have desired for you in revealing Our holy laws, ye would offer up your very souls for this sacred, this mighty, and most exalted Faith.
Whoso wisheth to make use of vessels of silver and gold is at liberty to do so. Take heed lest, when partaking of food, ye plunge your hands into the contents of bM
owls and platters. Adopt ye such usages as are most in keeping with refinement. He, verily, desireth to see in you the manners of the inmates of Paradise in His mighty and most sublime Kingdom. Hold ye fast unto refinement under all conditions, that your eyes may be preserved from beholding what is repugnant both to your own selves and to the dwellers of Paradise. Should anyone depart therefrom, his deed shall at that moment be rendered vain; yet should he have good reason, God will excuse him. He, in truth, is theM
Gracious, the Most Bountiful.
He Who is the Dawning-place of God
s Cause hath no partner in the Most Great Infallibility. He it is Who, in the kingdom of creation, is the Manifestation of
He doeth whatsoever He willeth.
God hath reserved this distinction unto His own Self, and ordained for none a share in so sublime and transcendent a station. This is the Decree of God, concealed ere now within the veil of impenetrable mystery. We have disclosed it in this Revelation, and have thereby rent asunder the veils of M
such as have failed to recognize that which the Book of God set forth and who were numbered with the heedless.
Unto every father hath been enjoined the instruction of his son and daughter in the art of reading and writing and in all that hath been laid down in the Holy Tablet. He that putteth away that which is commanded unto him, the Trustees are then to take from him that which is required for their instruction if he be wealthy and, if not, the matter devolveth upon the House of Justice. Verily have We made it aM
shelter for the poor and needy. He that bringeth up his son or the son of another, it is as though he hath brought up a son of Mine; upon him rest My glory, My loving-kindness, My mercy, that have compassed the world.
God hath imposed a fine on every adulterer and adulteress, to be paid to the House of Justice: nine mithq
ls of gold, to be doubled if they should repeat the offense. Such is the penalty which He Who is the Lord of Names hath assigned them in this world; and in the world to come He hath ordained forM
them a humiliating torment. Should anyone be afflicted by a sin, it behooveth him to repent thereof and return unto his Lord. He, verily, granteth forgiveness unto whomsoever He willeth, and none may question that which it pleaseth Him to ordain. He is, in truth, the Ever-Forgiving, the Almighty, the All-Praised.
Beware lest ye be hindered by the veils of glory from partaking of the crystal waters of this living Fountain. Seize ye the chalice of salvation at this dawntide in the name of Him Who causeth the day toM
break, and drink your fill in praise of Him Who is the All-Glorious, the Incomparable.
We have made it lawful for you to listen to music and singing. Take heed, however, lest listening thereto should cause you to overstep the bounds of propriety and dignity. Let your joy be the joy born of My Most Great Name, a Name that bringeth rapture to the heart, and filleth with ecstasy the minds of all who have drawn nigh unto God. We, verily, have made music as a ladder for your souls, a means whereby they may be lifted uM
p unto the realm on high; make it not, therefore, as wings to self and passion. Truly, We are loath to see you numbered with the foolish.
We have decreed that a third part of all fines shall go to the Seat of Justice, and We admonish its men to observe pure justice, that they may expend what is thus accumulated for such purposes as have been enjoined upon them by Him Who is the All-Knowing, the All-Wise. O ye Men of Justice! Be ye, in the realm of God, shepherds unto His sheep and guard them from the ravening wolvM
es that have appeared in disguise, even as ye would guard your own sons. Thus exhorteth you the Counselor, the Faithful.
Should differences arise amongst you over any matter, refer it to God while the Sun still shineth above the horizon of this Heaven and, when it hath set, refer ye to whatsoever hath been sent down by Him. This, verily, is sufficient unto the peoples of the world. Say: Let not your hearts be perturbed, O people, when the glory of My Presence is withdrawn, and the ocean of My utterance is stilled.M
In My presence amongst you there is a wisdom, and in My absence there is yet another, inscrutable to all but God, the Incomparable, the All-Knowing. Verily, We behold you from Our realm of glory, and will aid whosoever will arise for the triumph of Our Cause with the hosts of the Concourse on high and a company of Our favored angels.
O peoples of the earth! God, the Eternal Truth, is My witness that streams of fresh and soft-flowing waters have gushed from the rocks through the sweetness of the words uttered by yM
our Lord, the Unconstrained; and still ye slumber. Cast away that which ye possess, and, on the wings of detachment, soar beyond all created things. Thus biddeth you the Lord of creation, the movement of Whose Pen hath revolutionized the soul of mankind.
Know ye from what heights your Lord, the All-Glorious, is calling? Think ye that ye have recognized the Pen wherewith your Lord, the Lord of all names, commandeth you? Nay, by My life! Did ye but know it, ye would renounce the world, and would hasten with your whoM
le hearts to the presence of the Well-Beloved. Your spirits would be so transported by His Word as to throw into commotion the Greater World
how much more this small and petty one! Thus have the showers of My bounty been poured down from the heaven of My loving-kindness, as a token of My grace, that ye may be of the thankful.
The penalties for wounding or striking a person depend upon the severity of the injury; for each degree the Lord of Judgment hath prescribed a certain indemnity. He is, in truth, the OrdaineM
r, the Mighty, the Most Exalted. We shall, if it be Our Will, set forth these payments in their just degrees
this is a promise on Our part, and He, verily, is the Keeper of His pledge, the Knower of all things.
Verily, it is enjoined upon you to offer a feast, once in every month, though only water be served; for God hath purposed to bind hearts together, albeit through both earthly and heavenly means.
Beware lest the desires of the flesh and of a corrupt inclination provoke divisions among you. Be ye as the fingM
ers of one hand, the members of one body. Thus counseleth you the Pen of Revelation, if ye be of them that believe.
Consider the mercy of God and His gifts. He enjoineth upon you that which shall profit you, though He Himself can well dispense with all creatures. Your evil doings can never harm Us, neither can your good works profit Us. We summon you wholly for the sake of God. To this every man of understanding and insight will testify.
If ye should hunt with beasts or birds of prey, invoke ye the Name of God whM
en ye send them to pursue their quarry; for then whatever they catch shall be lawful unto you, even should ye find it to have died. He, verily, is the Omniscient, the All-Informed. Take heed, however, that ye hunt not to excess. Tread ye the path of justice and equity in all things. Thus biddeth you He Who is the Dawning-place of Revelation, would that ye might comprehend.
God hath bidden you to show forth kindliness towards My kindred, but He hath granted them no right to the property of others. He, verily, is seM
lf-sufficient, above any need of His creatures.
Should anyone intentionally destroy a house by fire, him also shall ye burn; should anyone deliberately take another
s life, him also shall ye put to death. Take ye hold of the precepts of God with all your strength and power, and abandon the ways of the ignorant. Should ye condemn the arsonist and the murderer to life imprisonment, it would be permissible according to the provisions of the Book. He, verily, hath power to ordain whatsoever He pleaseth.
cribed matrimony unto you. Beware that ye take not unto yourselves more wives than two. Whoso contenteth himself with a single partner from among the maidservants of God, both he and she shall live in tranquillity. And he who would take into his service a maid may do so with propriety. Such is the ordinance which, in truth and justice, hath been recorded by the Pen of Revelation. Enter into wedlock, O people, that ye may bring forth one who will make mention of Me amid My servants. This is My bidding unto you; holdM
fast to it as an assistance to yourselves.
O people of the world! Follow not the promptings of the self, for it summoneth insistently to wickedness and lust; follow, rather, Him Who is the Possessor of all created things, Who biddeth you to show forth piety, and manifest the fear of God. He, verily, is independent of all His creatures. Take heed not to stir up mischief in the land after it hath been set in order. Whoso acteth in this way is not of Us, and We are quit of him. Such is the command which hath, tM
hrough the power of truth, been made manifest from the heaven of Revelation.
It hath been laid down in the Bay
n that marriage is dependent upon the consent of both parties. Desiring to establish love, unity and harmony amidst Our servants, We have conditioned it, once the couple
s wish is known, upon the permission of their parents, lest enmity and rancor should arise amongst them. And in this We have yet other purposes. Thus hath Our commandment been ordained.
No marriage may be contracted without payment of a M
dowry, which hath been fixed for city dwellers at nineteen mithq
ls of pure gold, and for village dwellers at the same amount in silver. Whoso wisheth to increase this sum, it is forbidden him to exceed the limit of ninety-five mithq
ls. Thus hath the command been writ in majesty and power. If he content himself, however, with a payment of the lowest level, it shall be better for him according to the Book. God, verily, enricheth whomsoever He willeth through both heavenly and earthly means, and He, in truth, hath pM
ower over all things.
It hath been decreed by God that, should any one of His servants intend to travel, he must fix for his wife a time when he will return home. If he return by the promised time, he will have obeyed the bidding of his Lord and shall be numbered by the Pen of His behest among the righteous; otherwise, if there be good reason for delay, he must inform his wife and make the utmost endeavor to return to her. Should neither of these eventualities occur, it behooveth her to wait for a period of nine mM
onths, after which there is no impediment to her taking another husband; but should she wait longer, God, verily, loveth those women and men who show forth patience. Obey ye My commandments, and follow not the ungodly, they who have been reckoned as sinners in God
s Holy Tablet. If, during the period of her waiting, word should reach her from her husband, she should choose the course that is praiseworthy. He, of a truth, desireth that His servants and His handmaids should be at peace with one another; take heed lesM
t ye do aught that may provoke intransigence amongst you. Thus hath the decree been fixed and the promise come to pass. If, however, news should reach her of her husband
s death or murder, and be confirmed by general report, or by the testimony of two just witnesses, it behooveth her to remain single; then, upon completion of the fixed number of months, she is free to adopt the course of her choosing. Such is the bidding of Him Who is mighty and powerful in His command.
Should resentment or antipathy arise betweenM
husband and wife, he is not to divorce her but to bide in patience throughout the course of one whole year, that perchance the fragrance of affection may be renewed between them. If, upon the completion of this period, their love hath not returned, it is permissible for divorce to take place. God
s wisdom, verily, hath encompassed all things. The Lord hath prohibited, in a Tablet inscribed by the Pen of His command, the practice to which ye formerly had recourse when thrice ye had divorced a woman. This He hath doM
ne as a favor on His part, that ye may be accounted among the thankful. He who hath divorced his wife may choose, upon the passing of each month, to remarry her when there is mutual affection and consent, so long as she hath not taken another husband. Should she have wed again, then, by this other union, the separation is confirmed and the matter is concluded unless, clearly, her circumstances change. Thus hath the decree been inscribed with majesty in this glorious Tablet by Him Who is the Dawning-place of Beauty.M
If the wife accompany her husband on a journey, and differences arise between them on the way, he is required to provide her with her expenses for one whole year, and either to return her whence she came or to entrust her, together with the necessaries for her journey, to a dependable person who is to escort her home. Thy Lord, verily, ordaineth as He pleaseth, by virtue of a sovereignty that overshadoweth the peoples of the earth.
Should a woman be divorced in consequence of a proven act of infidelity, she shalM
l receive no maintenance during her period of waiting. Thus hath the daystar of Our commandment shone forth resplendent from the firmament of justice. Truly, the Lord loveth union and harmony and abhorreth separation and divorce. Live ye one with another, O people, in radiance and joy. By My life! All that are on earth shall pass away, while good deeds alone shall endure; to the truth of My words God doth Himself bear witness. Compose your differences, O My servants; then heed ye the admonition of Our Pen of Glory M
and follow not the arrogant and wayward.
Take heed lest the world beguile you as it beguiled the people who went before you! Observe ye the statutes and precepts of your Lord, and walk ye in this Way which hath been laid out before you in righteousness and truth. They who eschew iniquity and error, who adhere to virtue, are, in the sight of the one true God, among the choicest of His creatures; their names are extolled by the Concourse of the realms above, and by those who dwell in this Tabernacle which hath been M
raised in the name of God.
It is forbidden you to trade in slaves, be they men or women. It is not for him who is himself a servant to buy another of God
s servants, and this hath been prohibited in His Holy Tablet. Thus, by His mercy, hath the commandment been recorded by the Pen of justice. Let no man exalt himself above another; all are but bondslaves before the Lord, and all exemplify the truth that there is none other God but Him. He, verily, is the All-Wise, Whose wisdom encompasseth all things.
elves with the raiment of goodly deeds. He whose deeds attain unto God
s good pleasure is assuredly of the people of Bah
and is remembered before His throne. Assist ye the Lord of all creation with works of righteousness, and also through wisdom and utterance. Thus, indeed, have ye been commanded in most of the Tablets by Him Who is the All-Merciful. He, truly, is cognizant of what I say. Let none contend with another, and let no soul slay another; this, verily, is that which was forbidden you in a Book that hath M
lain concealed within the Tabernacle of glory. What! Would ye kill him whom God hath quickened, whom He hath endowed with spirit through a breath from Him? Grievous then would be your trespass before His throne! Fear God, and lift not the hand of injustice and oppression to destroy what He hath Himself raised up; nay, walk ye in the way of God, the True One. No sooner did the hosts of true knowledge appear, bearing the standards of Divine utterance, than the tribes of the religions were put to flight, save only thoM
se who willed to drink from the stream of everlasting life in a Paradise created by the breath of the All-Glorious.
God hath decreed, in token of His mercy unto His creatures, that semen is not unclean. Yield thanks unto Him with joy and radiance, and follow not such as are remote from the Dawning-place of His nearness. Arise ye, under all conditions, to render service to the Cause, for God will assuredly assist you through the power of His sovereignty which overshadoweth the worlds. Cleave ye unto the cord of refM
inement with such tenacity as to allow no trace of dirt to be seen upon your garments. Such is the injunction of One Who is sanctified above all refinement. Whoso falleth short of this standard with good reason shall incur no blame. God, verily, is the Forgiving, the Merciful. Wash ye every soiled thing with water that hath undergone no alteration in any one of the three respects; take heed not to use water that hath been altered through exposure to the air or to some other agent. Be ye the very essence of cleanlinM
ess amongst mankind. This, truly, is what your Lord, the Incomparable, the All-Wise, desireth for you.
God hath, likewise, as a bounty from His presence, abolished the concept of
whereby divers things and peoples have been held to be impure. He, of a certainty, is the Ever-Forgiving, the Most Generous. Verily, all created things were immersed in the sea of purification when, on that first day of Ri?v
n, We shed upon the whole of creation the splendors of Our most excellent Names and Our most exaltedM
Attributes. This, verily, is a token of My loving providence, which hath encompassed all the worlds. Consort ye then with the followers of all religions, and proclaim ye the Cause of your Lord, the Most Compassionate; this is the very crown of deeds, if ye be of them who understand.
God hath enjoined upon you to observe the utmost cleanliness, to the extent of washing what is soiled with dust, let alone with hardened dirt and similar defilement. Fear Him, and be of those who are pure. Should the garb of anyone beM
visibly sullied, his prayers shall not ascend to God, and the celestial Concourse will turn away from him. Make use of rose water, and of pure perfume; this, indeed, is that which God hath loved from the beginning that hath no beginning, in order that there may be diffused from you what your Lord, the Incomparable, the All-Wise, desireth.
God hath relieved you of the ordinance laid down in the Bay
n concerning the destruction of books. We have permitted you to read such sciences as are profitable unto you, not sM
uch as end in idle disputation; better is this for you, if ye be of them that comprehend.
O kings of the earth! He Who is the sovereign Lord of all is come. The Kingdom is God
s, the omnipotent Protector, the Self-Subsisting. Worship none but God, and, with radiant hearts, lift up your faces unto your Lord, the Lord of all names. This is a Revelation to which whatever ye possess can never be compared, could ye but know it.
We see you rejoicing in that which ye have amassed for others and shutting out yourselves fM
rom the worlds which naught except My guarded Tablet can reckon. The treasures ye have laid up have drawn you far away from your ultimate objective. This ill beseemeth you, could ye but understand it. Wash from your hearts all earthly defilements, and hasten to enter the Kingdom of your Lord, the Creator of earth and heaven, Who caused the world to tremble and all its peoples to wail, except them that have renounced all things and clung to that which the Hidden Tablet hath ordained.
This is the Day in which He WhoM
held converse with God hath attained the light of the Ancient of Days, and quaffed the pure waters of reunion from this Cup that hath caused the seas to swell. Say: By the one true God! Sinai is circling round the Dayspring of Revelation, while from the heights of the Kingdom the Voice of the Spirit of God is heard proclaiming:
Bestir yourselves, ye proud ones of the earth, and hasten ye unto Him.
Carmel hath, in this Day, hastened in longing adoration to attain His court, whilst from the heart of Zion there comM
The promise is fulfilled. That which had been announced in the holy Writ of God, the Most Exalted, the Almighty, the Best-Beloved, is made manifest.
O kings of the earth! The Most Great Law hath been revealed in this Spot, this scene of transcendent splendor. Every hidden thing hath been brought to light by virtue of the Will of the Supreme Ordainer, He Who hath ushered in the Last Hour, through Whom the Moon hath been cleft, and every irrevocable decree expounded.
Ye are but vassals, O kings of thM
e earth! He Who is the King of Kings hath appeared, arrayed in His most wondrous glory, and is summoning you unto Himself, the Help in Peril, the Self-Subsisting. Take heed lest pride deter you from recognizing the Source of Revelation, lest the things of this world shut you out as by a veil from Him Who is the Creator of heaven. Arise, and serve Him Who is the Desire of all nations, Who hath created you through a word from Him, and ordained you to be, for all time, the emblems of His sovereignty.
ness of God! It is not Our wish to lay hands on your kingdoms. Our mission is to seize and possess the hearts of men. Upon them the eyes of Bah
are fastened. To this testifieth the Kingdom of Names, could ye but comprehend it. Whoso followeth his Lord will renounce the world and all that is therein; how much greater, then, must be the detachment of Him Who holdeth so august a station! Forsake your palaces, and haste ye to gain admittance into His Kingdom. This, indeed, will profit you both in this world and in theM
next. To this testifieth the Lord of the realm on high, did ye but know it.
How great the blessedness that awaiteth the king who will arise to aid My Cause in My kingdom, who will detach himself from all else but Me! Such a king is numbered with the companions of the Crimson Ark
the Ark which God hath prepared for the people of Bah
. All must glorify his name, must reverence his station, and aid him to unlock the cities with the keys of My Name, the omnipotent Protector of all that inhabit the visible and invisibM
le kingdoms. Such a king is the very eye of mankind, the luminous ornament on the brow of creation, the fountainhead of blessings unto the whole world. Offer up, O people of Bah
, your substance, nay your very lives, for his assistance.
O Emperor of Austria! He Who is the Dayspring of God
s Light dwelt in the prison of
at the time when thou didst set forth to visit the Aq?
Mosque. Thou passed Him by, and inquired not about Him by Whom every house is exalted and every lofty gate unlocked. We, verily, made itM
a place whereunto the world should turn, that they might remember Me, and yet thou hast rejected Him Who is the Object of this remembrance, when He appeared with the Kingdom of God, thy Lord and the Lord of the worlds. We have been with thee at all times, and found thee clinging unto the Branch and heedless of the Root. Thy Lord, verily, is a witness unto what I say. We grieved to see thee circle round Our Name, whilst unaware of Us, though We were before thy face. Open thine eyes, that thou mayest behold this gloM
rious Vision, and recognize Him Whom thou invokest in the daytime and in the night season, and gaze on the Light that shineth above this luminous Horizon.
Say: O King of Berlin! Give ear unto the Voice calling from this manifest Temple:
Verily, there is none other God but Me, the Everlasting, the Peerless, the Ancient of Days.
Take heed lest pride debar thee from recognizing the Dayspring of Divine Revelation, lest earthly desires shut thee out, as by a veil, from the Lord of the Throne above and of the earth beM
low. Thus counseleth thee the Pen of the Most High. He, verily, is the Most Gracious, the All-Bountiful. Do thou remember the one1 whose power transcended thy power, and whose station excelled thy station. Where is he? Whither are gone the things he possessed? Take warning, and be not of them that are fast asleep. He it was who cast the Tablet of God behind him when We made known unto him what the hosts of tyranny had caused Us to suffer. Wherefore, disgrace assailed him from all sides, and he went down to dust in M
great loss. Think deeply, O King, concerning him, and concerning them who, like unto thee, have conquered cities and ruled over men. The All-Merciful brought them down from their palaces to their graves. Be warned, be of them who reflect.
We have asked nothing from you. For the sake of God We, verily, exhort you, and will be patient as We have been patient in that which hath befallen Us at your hands, O concourse of kings!
Hearken ye, O Rulers of America and the Presidents of the Republics therein, unto that whiM
ch the Dove is warbling on the Branch of Eternity:
There is none other God but Me, the Ever-Abiding, the Forgiving, the All-Bountiful.
Adorn ye the temple of dominion with the ornament of justice and of the fear of God, and its head with the crown of the remembrance of your Lord, the Creator of the heavens. Thus counseleth you He Who is the Dayspring of Names, as bidden by Him Who is the All-Knowing, the All-Wise. The Promised One hath appeared in this glorified Station, whereat all beings, both seen and unseen, M
have rejoiced. Take ye advantage of the Day of God. Verily, to meet Him is better for you than all that whereon the sun shineth, could ye but know it. O concourse of rulers! Give ear unto that which hath been raised from the Dayspring of Grandeur:
Verily, there is none other God but Me, the Lord of Utterance, the All-Knowing.
Bind ye the broken with the hands of justice, and crush the oppressor who flourisheth with the rod of the commandments of your Lord, the Ordainer, the All-Wise.
O people of Constantinople! M
Lo, from your midst We hear the baleful hooting of the owl. Hath the drunkenness of passion laid hold upon you, or is it that ye are sunk in heedlessness? O Spot that art situate on the shores of the two seas! The throne of tyranny hath, verily, been established upon thee, and the flame of hatred hath been kindled within thy bosom, in such wise that the Concourse on high and they who circle around the Exalted Throne have wailed and lamented. We behold in thee the foolish ruling over the wise, and darkness vaunting M
itself against the light. Thou art indeed filled with manifest pride. Hath thine outward splendor made thee vainglorious? By Him Who is the Lord of mankind! It shall soon perish, and thy daughters and thy widows and all the kindreds that dwell within thee shall lament. Thus informeth thee the All-Knowing, the All-Wise.
O banks of the Rhine! We have seen you covered with gore, inasmuch as the swords of retribution were drawn against you; and ye shall have another turn. And We hear the lamentations of Berlin, thoughM
she be today in conspicuous glory.
Let nothing grieve thee, O Land of ?
,2 for God hath chosen thee to be the source of the joy of all mankind. He shall, if it be His Will, bless thy throne with one who will rule with justice, who will gather together the flock of God which the wolves have scattered. Such a ruler will, with joy and gladness, turn his face towards, and extend his favors unto, the people of Bah
. He indeed is accounted in the sight of God as a jewel among men. Upon him rest forever the glory of GodM
and the glory of all that dwell in the kingdom of His revelation.
Rejoice with great joy, for God hath made thee
the dayspring of His light,
inasmuch as within thee was born the Manifestation of His Glory. Be thou glad for this name that hath been conferred upon thee
a name through which the daystar of grace hath shed its splendor, through which both earth and heaven have been illumined.
Erelong will the state of affairs within thee be changed, and the reins of power fall into the hands of the people. Verily, M
thy Lord is the All-Knowing. His authority embraceth all things. Rest thou assured in the gracious favor of thy Lord. The eye of His loving-kindness shall everlastingly be directed towards thee. The day is approaching when thy agitation will have been transmuted into peace and quiet calm. Thus hath it been decreed in the wondrous Book.
!3 We hear from thee the voice of heroes, raised in glorification of thy Lord, the All-Possessing, the Most Exalted. Blessed the day on which the banners of the divine M
Names shall be upraised in the kingdom of creation in My Name, the All-Glorious. On that day the faithful shall rejoice in the victory of God, and the disbelievers shall lament.
None must contend with those who wield authority over the people; leave unto them that which is theirs, and direct your attention to men
O Most Mighty Ocean! Sprinkle upon the nations that with which Thou hast been charged by Him Who is the Sovereign of Eternity, and adorn the temples of all the dwellers of the earth with the veM
sture of His laws through which all hearts will rejoice and all eyes be brightened.
Should anyone acquire one hundred mithq
ls of gold, nineteen mithq
s and to be rendered unto Him, the Fashioner of earth and heaven. Take heed, O people, lest ye deprive yourselves of so great a bounty. This We have commanded you, though We are well able to dispense with you and with all who are in the heavens and on earth; in it there are benefits and wisdoms beyond the ken of anyone but God, the Omniscient, theM
All-Informed. Say: By this means He hath desired to purify what ye possess and to enable you to draw nigh unto such stations as none can comprehend save those whom God hath willed. He, in truth, is the Beneficent, the Gracious, the Bountiful. O people! Deal not faithlessly with the Right of God, nor, without His leave, make free with its disposal. Thus hath His commandment been established in the holy Tablets, and in this exalted Book. He who dealeth faithlessly with God shall in justice meet with faithlessness hiM
mself; he, however, who acteth in accordance with God
s bidding shall receive a blessing from the heaven of the bounty of his Lord, the Gracious, the Bestower, the Generous, the Ancient of Days. He, verily, hath willed for you that which is yet beyond your knowledge, but which shall be known to you when, after this fleeting life, your souls soar heavenwards and the trappings of your earthly joys are folded up. Thus admonisheth you He in Whose possession is the Guarded Tablet.
Various petitions have come before OurM
throne from the believers, concerning laws from God, the Lord of the seen and the unseen, the Lord of all worlds. We have, in consequence, revealed this Holy Tablet and arrayed it with the mantle of His Law that haply the people may keep the commandments of their Lord. Similar requests had been made of Us over several previous years but We had, in Our wisdom, withheld Our Pen until, in recent days, letters arrived from a number of the friends, and We have therefore responded, through the power of truth, with that M
which shall quicken the hearts of men.
Say: O leaders of religion! Weigh not the Book of God with such standards and sciences as are current amongst you, for the Book itself is the unerring Balance established amongst men. In this most perfect Balance whatsoever the peoples and kindreds of the earth possess must be weighed, while the measure of its weight should be tested according to its own standard, did ye but know it.
The eye of My loving-kindness weepeth sore over you, inasmuch as ye have failed to recognizeM
the One upon Whom ye have been calling in the daytime and in the night season, at even and at morn. Advance, O people, with snow-white faces and radiant hearts, unto the blest and crimson Spot, wherein the Sadratu
Verily, there is none other God beside Me, the Omnipotent Protector, the Self-Subsisting!
O ye leaders of religion! Who is the man amongst you that can rival Me in vision or insight? Where is he to be found that dareth to claim to be My equal in utterance or wisdom? No, by My LorM
d, the All-Merciful! All on the earth shall pass away; and this is the face of your Lord, the Almighty, the Well-Beloved.
We have decreed, O people, that the highest and last end of all learning be the recognition of Him Who is the Object of all knowledge; and yet, behold how ye have allowed your learning to shut you out, as by a veil, from Him Who is the Dayspring of this Light, through Whom every hidden thing hath been revealed. Could ye but discover the source whence the splendor of this utterance is diffused, M
ye would cast away the peoples of the world and all that they possess, and would draw nigh unto this most blessed Seat of glory.
Say: This, verily, is the heaven in which the Mother Book is treasured, could ye but comprehend it. He it is Who hath caused the Rock to shout, and the Burning Bush to lift up its voice, upon the Mount rising above the Holy Land, and proclaim:
s, the sovereign Lord of all, the All-Powerful, the Loving!
We have not entered any school, nor read any of your dissertatioM
ns. Incline your ears to the words of this unlettered One, wherewith He summoneth you unto God, the Ever-Abiding. Better is this for you than all the treasures of the earth, could ye but comprehend it.
Whoso interpreteth what hath been sent down from the heaven of Revelation, and altereth its evident meaning, he, verily, is of them that have perverted the Sublime Word of God, and is of the lost ones in the Lucid Book.
It hath been enjoined upon you to pare your nails, to bathe yourselves each week in water that cM
overeth your bodies, and to clean yourselves with whatsoever ye have formerly employed. Take heed lest through negligence ye fail to observe that which hath been prescribed unto you by Him Who is the Incomparable, the Gracious. Immerse yourselves in clean water; it is not permissible to bathe yourselves in water that hath already been used. See that ye approach not the public pools of Persian baths; whoso maketh his way toward such baths will smell their fetid odor ere he entereth therein. Shun them, O people, and M
be not of those who ignominiously accept such vileness. In truth, they are as sinks of foulness and contamination, if ye be of them that apprehend. Avoid ye likewise the malodorous pools in the courtyards of Persian homes, and be ye of the pure and sanctified. Truly, We desire to behold you as manifestations of paradise on earth, that there may be diffused from you such fragrance as shall rejoice the hearts of the favored of God. If the bather, instead of entering the water, wash himself by pouring it upon his bodyM
, it shall be better for him and shall absolve him of the need for bodily immersion. The Lord, verily, hath willed, as a bounty from His presence, to make life easier for you that ye may be of those who are truly thankful.
It is forbidden you to wed your fathers
wives. We shrink, for very shame, from treating of the subject of boys. Fear ye the Merciful, O peoples of the world! Commit not that which is forbidden you in Our Holy Tablet, and be not of those who rove distractedly in the wilderness of their desires. M
To none is it permitted to mutter sacred verses before the public gaze as he walketh in the street or marketplace; nay rather, if he wish to magnify the Lord, it behooveth him to do so in such places as have been erected for this purpose, or in his own home. This is more in keeping with sincerity and godliness. Thus hath the sun of Our commandment shone forth above the horizon of Our utterance. Blessed, then, be those who do Our bidding.
Unto everyone hath been enjoined the writing of a will. The testator shouldM
head this document with the adornment of the Most Great Name, bear witness therein unto the oneness of God in the Dayspring of His Revelation, and make mention, as he may wish, of that which is praiseworthy, so that it may be a testimony for him in the kingdoms of Revelation and Creation and a treasure with his Lord, the Supreme Protector, the Faithful.
All Feasts have attained their consummation in the two Most Great Festivals, and in the two other Festivals that fall on the twin days
the first of the Most GreatM
Festivals being those days whereon the All-Merciful shed upon the whole of creation the effulgent glory of His most excellent Names and His most exalted Attributes, and the second being that day on which We raised up the One Who announced unto mankind the glad tidings of this Name, through which the dead have been resurrected and all who are in the heavens and on earth have been gathered together. Thus hath it been decreed by Him Who is the Ordainer, the Omniscient.
Happy the one who entereth upon the first day M
, the day which God hath consecrated to this Great Name. And blessed be he who evidenceth on this day the bounties that God hath bestowed upon him; he, verily, is of those who show forth thanks to God through actions betokening the Lord
s munificence which hath encompassed all the worlds. Say: This day, verily, is the crown of all the months and the source thereof, the day on which the breath of life is wafted over all created things. Great is the blessedness of him who greeteth it with radianceM
and joy. We testify that he is, in truth, among those who are blissful.
Say: The Most Great Festival is, indeed, the King of Festivals. Call ye to mind, O people, the bounty which God hath conferred upon you. Ye were sunk in slumber, and lo! He aroused you by the reviving breezes of His Revelation, and made known unto you His manifest and undeviating Path.
Resort ye, in times of sickness, to competent physicians; We have not set aside the use of material means, rather have We confirmed it through this Pen, whichM
God hath made to be the Dawning-place of His shining and glorious Cause.
God had formerly laid upon each one of the believers the duty of offering before Our throne priceless gifts from among his possessions. Now, in token of Our gracious favor, We have absolved them of this obligation. He, of a truth, is the Most Generous, the All-Bountiful.
Blessed is he who, at the hour of dawn, centering his thoughts on God, occupied with His remembrance, and supplicating His forgiveness, directeth his steps to the Mashriqu
r and, entering therein, seateth himself in silence to listen to the verses of God, the Sovereign, the Mighty, the All-Praised. Say: The Mashriqu
r is each and every building which hath been erected in cities and villages for the celebration of My praise. Such is the name by which it hath been designated before the throne of glory, were ye of those who understand.
They who recite the verses of the All-Merciful in the most melodious of tones will perceive in them that with which the sovereignty of earM
th and heaven can never be compared. From them they will inhale the divine fragrance of My worlds
worlds which today none can discern save those who have been endowed with vision through this sublime, this beauteous Revelation. Say: These verses draw hearts that are pure unto those spiritual worlds that can neither be expressed in words nor intimated by allusion. Blessed be those who hearken.
Assist ye, O My people, My chosen servants who have arisen to make mention of Me among My creatures and to exalt My Word thM
roughout My realm. These, truly, are the stars of the heaven of My loving providence and the lamps of My guidance unto all mankind. But he whose words conflict with that which hath been sent down in My Holy Tablets is not of Me. Beware lest ye follow any impious pretender. These Tablets are embellished with the seal of Him Who causeth the dawn to appear, Who lifteth up His voice between the heavens and the earth. Lay hold on this Sure Handle and on the Cord of My mighty and unassailable Cause.
The Lord hath granteM
d leave to whosoever desireth it that he be instructed in the divers tongues of the world that he may deliver the Message of the Cause of God throughout the East and throughout the West, that he make mention of Him amidst the kindreds and peoples of the world in such wise that hearts may revive and the moldering bone be quickened.
It is inadmissible that man, who hath been endowed with reason, should consume that which stealeth it away. Nay, rather it behooveth him to comport himself in a manner worthy of the humaM
n station, and not in accordance with the misdeeds of every heedless and wavering soul.
Adorn your heads with the garlands of trustworthiness and fidelity, your hearts with the attire of the fear of God, your tongues with absolute truthfulness, your bodies with the vesture of courtesy. These are in truth seemly adornings unto the temple of man, if ye be of them that reflect. Cling, O ye people of Bah
, to the cord of servitude unto God, the True One, for thereby your stations shall be made manifest, your names wriM
tten and preserved, your ranks raised and your memory exalted in the Preserved Tablet. Beware lest the dwellers on earth hinder you from this glorious and exalted station. Thus have We exhorted you in most of Our Epistles and now in this, Our Holy Tablet, above which hath beamed the Daystar of the Laws of the Lord, your God, the Powerful, the All-Wise.
When the ocean of My presence hath ebbed and the Book of My Revelation is ended, turn your faces towards Him Whom God hath purposed, Who hath branched from this AncM
Consider the pettiness of men
s minds. They ask for that which injureth them, and cast away the thing that profiteth them. They are, indeed, of those that are far astray. We find some men desiring liberty, and priding themselves therein. Such men are in the depths of ignorance.
Liberty must, in the end, lead to sedition, whose flames none can quench. Thus warneth you He Who is the Reckoner, the All-Knowing. Know ye that the embodiment of liberty and its symbol is the animal. That which beseemeth man isM
submission unto such restraints as will protect him from his own ignorance, and guard him against the harm of the mischief maker. Liberty causeth man to overstep the bounds of propriety, and to infringe on the dignity of his station. It debaseth him to the level of extreme depravity and wickedness.
Regard men as a flock of sheep that need a shepherd for their protection. This, verily, is the truth, the certain truth. We approve of liberty in certain circumstances, and refuse to sanction it in others. We, verily, M
are the All-Knowing.
Say: True liberty consisteth in man
s submission unto My commandments, little as ye know it. Were men to observe that which We have sent down unto them from the Heaven of Revelation, they would, of a certainty, attain unto perfect liberty. Happy is the man that hath apprehended the Purpose of God in whatever He hath revealed from the Heaven of His Will that pervadeth all created things. Say: The liberty that profiteth you is to be found nowhere except in complete servitude unto God, the EternaM
l Truth. Whoso hath tasted of its sweetness will refuse to barter it for all the dominion of earth and heaven.
n it had been forbidden you to ask Us questions. The Lord hath now relieved you of this prohibition, that ye may be free to ask what you need to ask, but not such idle questions as those on which the men of former times were wont to dwell. Fear God, and be ye of the righteous! Ask ye that which shall be of profit to you in the Cause of God and His dominion, for the portals of His tender compassM
ion have been opened before all who dwell in heaven and on earth.
The number of months in a year, appointed in the Book of God, is nineteen. Of these the first hath been adorned with this Name which overshadoweth the whole of creation.
The Lord hath decreed that the dead should be interred in coffins made of crystal, of hard, resistant stone, or of wood that is both fine and durable, and that graven rings should be placed upon their fingers. He, verily, is the Supreme Ordainer, the One apprised of all.
iption on these rings should read, for men:
Unto God belongeth all that is in the heavens and on the earth and whatsoever is between them, and He, in truth, hath knowledge of all things
Unto God belongeth the dominion of the heavens and the earth and whatsoever is between them, and He, in truth, is potent over all things.
These are the verses that were revealed aforetime, but lo, the Point of the Bay
n now calleth out, exclaiming,
O Best-Beloved of the worlds! Reveal Thou in their stead such woM
rds as will waft the fragrance of Thy gracious favors over all mankind. We have announced unto everyone that one single word from Thee excelleth all that hath been sent down in the Bay
n. Thou, indeed, hast power to do what pleaseth Thee. Deprive not Thy servants of the overflowing bounties of the ocean of Thy mercy! Thou, in truth, art He Whose grace is infinite.
Behold, We have hearkened to His call, and now fulfill His wish. He, verily, is the Best-Beloved, the Answerer of prayers. If the following verse, whichM
hath at this moment been sent down by God, be engraved upon the burial rings of both men and women, it shall be better for them; We, of a certainty, are the Supreme Ordainer:
I came forth from God, and return unto Him, detached from all save Him, holding fast to His Name, the Merciful, the Compassionate.
Thus doth the Lord single out whomsoever He desireth for a bounty from His presence. He is, in very truth, the God of might and power.
The Lord hath decreed, moreover, that the deceased should be enfolded in fiM
ve sheets of silk or cotton. For those whose means are limited a single sheet of either fabric will suffice. Thus hath it been ordained by Him Who is the All-Knowing, the All-Informed. It is forbidden you to transport the body of the deceased a greater distance than one hour
s journey from the city; rather should it be interred, with radiance and serenity, in a nearby place.
God hath removed the restrictions on travel that had been imposed in the Bay
n. He, verily, is the Unconstrained; He doeth as He pleaseth andM
ordaineth whatsoever He willeth.
O peoples of the world! Give ear unto the call of Him Who is the Lord of Names, Who proclaimeth unto you from His habitation in the Most Great Prison:
Verily, no God is there but Me, the Powerful, the Mighty, the All-Subduing, the Most Exalted, the Omniscient, the All-Wise.
In truth, there is no God but Him, the Omnipotent Ruler of the worlds. Were it His Will, He would, through but a single word proceeding from His presence, lay hold on all mankind. Beware lest ye hesitate in yM
our acceptance of this Cause
a Cause before which the Concourse on high and the dwellers of the Cities of Names have bowed down. Fear God, and be not of those who are shut out as by a veil. Burn ye away the veils with the fire of My love, and dispel ye the mists of vain imaginings by the power of this Name through which We have subdued the entire creation.
Raise up and exalt the two Houses in the Twin Hallowed Spots, and the other sites wherein the throne of your Lord, the All-Merciful, hath been established. ThusM
commandeth you the Lord of every understanding heart.
Be watchful lest the concerns and preoccupations of this world prevent you from observing that which hath been enjoined upon you by Him Who is the Mighty, the Faithful. Be ye the embodiments of such steadfastness amidst mankind that ye will not be kept back from God by the doubts of those who disbelieved in Him when He manifested Himself, invested with a mighty sovereignty. Take heed lest ye be prevented by aught that hath been recorded in the Book from hearkeM
ning unto this, the Living Book, Who proclaimeth the truth:
Verily, there is no God but Me, the Most Excellent, the All-Praised.
Look ye with the eye of equity upon Him Who hath descended from the heaven of Divine will and power, and be not of those who act unjustly.
Call then to mind these words which have streamed forth, in tribute to this Revelation, from the Pen of Him Who was My Herald, and consider what the hands of the oppressors have wrought throughout My days. Truly they are numbered with the lost. He sM
Should ye attain the presence of Him Whom We shall make manifest, beseech ye God, in His bounty, to grant that He might deign to seat Himself upon your couches, for that act in itself would confer upon you matchless and surpassing honor. Should He drink a cup of water in your homes, this would be of greater consequence for you than your proffering unto every soul, nay unto every created thing, the water of its very life. Know this, O ye My servants!
Such are the words with which My Forerunner hath extolled M
My Being, could ye but understand. Whoso reflecteth upon these verses, and realizeth what hidden pearls have been enshrined within them, will, by the righteousness of God, perceive the fragrance of the All-Merciful wafting from the direction of this Prison and will, with his whole heart, hasten unto Him with such ardent longing that the hosts of earth and heaven would be powerless to deter him. Say: This is a Revelation around which every proof and testimony doth circle. Thus hath it been sent down by your Lord, thM
e God of Mercy, if ye be of them that judge aright. Say: This is the very soul of all Scriptures which hath been breathed into the Pen of the Most High, causing all created beings to be dumbfounded, save only those who have been enraptured by the gentle breezes of My loving-kindness and the sweet savors of My bounties which have pervaded the whole of creation.
n! Fear ye the Most Merciful and consider what He hath revealed in another passage. He said:
The Qiblih is indeed He Whom God will makeM
manifest; whenever He moveth, it moveth, until He shall come to rest.
Thus was it set down by the Supreme Ordainer when He desired to make mention of this Most Great Beauty. Meditate on this, O people, and be not of them that wander distraught in the wilderness of error. If ye reject Him at the bidding of your idle fancies, where then is the Qiblih to which ye will turn, O assemblage of the heedless? Ponder ye this verse, and judge equitably before God, that haply ye may glean the pearls of mysteries from the oceM
an that surgeth in My Name, the All-Glorious, the Most High.
Let none, in this Day, hold fast to aught save that which hath been manifested in this Revelation. Such is the decree of God, aforetime and hereafter
a decree wherewith the Scriptures of the Messengers of old have been adorned. Such is the admonition of the Lord, aforetime and hereafter
an admonition wherewith the preamble to the Book of Life hath been embellished, did ye but perceive it. Such is the commandment of the Lord, aforetime and hereafter; bewaM
re lest ye choose instead the part of ignominy and abasement. Naught shall avail you in this Day but God, nor is there any refuge to flee to save Him, the Omniscient, the All-Wise. Whoso hath known Me hath known the Goal of all desire, and whoso hath turned unto Me hath turned unto the Object of all adoration. Thus hath it been set forth in the Book, and thus hath it been decreed by God, the Lord of all worlds. To read but one of the verses of My Revelation is better than to peruse the Scriptures of both the formerM
and latter generations. This is the Utterance of the All-Merciful, would that ye had ears to hear! Say: This is the essence of knowledge, did ye but understand.
And now consider what hath been revealed in yet another passage, that perchance ye may forsake your own concepts and set your faces towards God, the Lord of being. He4 hath said:
It is unlawful to enter into marriage save with a believer in the Bay
n. Should only one party to a marriage embrace this Cause, his or her possessions will become unlawful to tM
he other, until such time as the latter hath converted. This law, however, will only take effect after the exaltation of the Cause of Him Whom We shall manifest in truth, or of that which hath already been made manifest in justice. Ere this, ye are at liberty to enter into wedlock as ye wish, that haply by this means ye may exalt the Cause of God.
Thus hath the Nightingale sung with sweet melody upon the celestial bough, in praise of its Lord, the All-Merciful. Well is it with them that hearken.
n, I adjure you by your Lord, the God of mercy, to look with the eye of fairness upon this utterance which hath been sent down through the power of truth, and not to be of those who see the testimony of God yet reject and deny it. They, in truth, are of those who will assuredly perish. The Point of the Bay
n hath explicitly made mention in this verse of the exaltation of My Cause before His own Cause; unto this will testify every just and understanding mind. As ye can readily witness in this day, its exaltation M
is such as none can deny save those whose eyes are drunken in this mortal life and whom a humiliating chastisement awaiteth in the life to come.
Say: By the righteousness of God! I, verily, am His5 Best-Beloved; and at this moment He listeneth to these verses descending from the Heaven of Revelation and bewaileth the wrongs ye have committed in these days. Fear God, and join not with the aggressor. Say: O people, should ye choose to disbelieve in Him,6 refrain at least from rising up against Him. By God! SufficienM
t are the hosts of tyranny that are leagued against Him!
Verily, He7 revealed certain laws so that, in this Dispensation, the Pen of the Most High might have no need to move in aught but the glorification of His own transcendent Station and His most effulgent Beauty. Since, however, We have wished to evidence Our bounty unto you, We have, through the power of truth, set forth these laws with clarity and mitigated what We desire you to observe. He, verily, is the Munificent, the Generous.
He8 hath previously made M
known unto you that which would be uttered by this Dayspring of Divine wisdom. He said, and He speaketh the truth:
He9 is the One Who will under all conditions proclaim:
Verily, there is none other God besides Me, the One, the Incomparable, the Omniscient, the All-Informed.
This is a station which God hath assigned exclusively to this sublime, this unique and wondrous Revelation. This is a token of His bounteous favor, if ye be of them who comprehend, and a sign of His irresistible decree. This is His Most GreaM
t Name, His Most Exalted Word, and the Dayspring of His Most Excellent Titles, if ye could understand. Nay more, through Him every Fountainhead, every Dawning-place of Divine guidance is made manifest. Reflect, O people, on that which hath been sent down in truth; ponder thereon, and be not of the transgressors.
Consort with all religions with amity and concord, that they may inhale from you the sweet fragrance of God. Beware lest amidst men the flame of foolish ignorance overpower you. All things proceed from GoM
d and unto Him they return. He is the source of all things and in Him all things are ended.
Take heed that ye enter no house in the absence of its owner, except with his permission. Comport yourselves with propriety under all conditions, and be not numbered with the wayward.
It hath been enjoined upon you to purify your means of sustenance and other such things through payment of Zak
t. Thus hath it been prescribed in this exalted Tablet by Him Who is the Revealer of verses. We shall, if it be God
ose, set forth erelong the measure of its assessment. He, verily, expoundeth whatsoever He desireth by virtue of His own knowledge, and He, of a truth, is Omniscient and All-Wise.
It is unlawful to beg, and it is forbidden to give to him who beggeth. All have been enjoined to earn a living, and as for those who are incapable of doing so, it is incumbent on the Deputies of God and on the wealthy to make adequate provision for them. Keep ye the statutes and commandments of God; nay, guard them as ye would your very M
eyes, and be not of those who suffer grievous loss.
Ye have been forbidden in the Book of God to engage in contention and conflict, to strike another, or to commit similar acts whereby hearts and souls may be saddened. A fine of nineteen mithq
ls of gold had formerly been prescribed by Him Who is the Lord of all mankind for anyone who was the cause of sadness to another; in this Dispensation, however, He hath absolved you thereof and exhorteth you to show forth righteousness and piety. Such is the commandment whicM
h He hath enjoined upon you in this resplendent Tablet. Wish not for others what ye wish not for yourselves; fear God, and be not of the prideful. Ye are all created out of water, and unto dust shall ye return. Reflect upon the end that awaiteth you, and walk not in the ways of the oppressor. Give ear unto the verses of God which He Who is the sacred Lote-Tree reciteth unto you. They are assuredly the infallible balance, established by God, the Lord of this world and the next. Through them the soul of man is causedM
to wing its flight towards the Dayspring of Revelation, and the heart of every true believer is suffused with light. Such are the laws which God hath enjoined upon you, such His commandments prescribed unto you in His Holy Tablet; obey them with joy and gladness, for this is best for you, did ye but know.
Recite ye the verses of God every morn and eventide. Whoso faileth to recite them hath not been faithful to the Covenant of God and His Testament, and whoso turneth away from these holy verses in this Day is of M
those who throughout eternity have turned away from God. Fear ye God, O My servants, one and all. Pride not yourselves on much reading of the verses or on a multitude of pious acts by night and day; for were a man to read a single verse with joy and radiance it would be better for him than to read with lassitude all the Holy Books of God, the Help in Peril, the Self-Subsisting. Read ye the sacred verses in such measure that ye be not overcome by languor and despondency. Lay not upon your souls that which will wearyM
them and weigh them down, but rather what will lighten and uplift them, so that they may soar on the wings of the Divine verses towards the Dawning-place of His manifest signs; this will draw you nearer to God, did ye but comprehend.
Teach your children the verses revealed from the heaven of majesty and power, so that, in most melodious tones, they may recite the Tablets of the All-Merciful in the alcoves within the Mashriqu
rs. Whoever hath been transported by the rapture born of adoration for My Name, thM
e Most Compassionate, will recite the verses of God in such wise as to captivate the hearts of those yet wrapped in slumber. Well is it with him who hath quaffed the Mystic Wine of everlasting life from the utterance of his merciful Lord in My Name
a Name through which every lofty and majestic mountain hath been reduced to dust.
Ye have been enjoined to renew the furnishings of your homes after the passing of each nineteen years; thus hath it been ordained by One Who is Omniscient and All-Perceiving. He, verily, iM
s desirous of refinement, both for you yourselves and for all that ye possess; lay not aside the fear of God and be not of the negligent. Whoso findeth that his means are insufficient to this purpose hath been excused by God, the Ever-Forgiving, the Most Bounteous.
Wash your feet once every day in summer, and once every three days during winter.
Should anyone wax angry with you, respond to him with gentleness; and should anyone upbraid you, forbear to upbraid him in return, but leave him to himself and put your M
trust in God, the omnipotent Avenger, the Lord of might and justice.
Ye have been prohibited from making use of pulpits. Whoso wisheth to recite unto you the verses of his Lord, let him sit on a chair placed upon a dais, that he may make mention of God, his Lord, and the Lord of all mankind. It is pleasing to God that ye should seat yourselves on chairs and benches as a mark of honor for the love ye bear for Him and for the Manifestation of His glorious and resplendent Cause.
Gambling and the use of opium have beM
en forbidden unto you. Eschew them both, O people, and be not of those who transgress. Beware of using any substance that induceth sluggishness and torpor in the human temple and inflicteth harm upon the body. We, verily, desire for you naught save what shall profit you, and to this bear witness all created things, had ye but ears to hear.
Whensoever ye be invited to a banquet or festive occasion, respond with joy and gladness, and whoever fulfilleth his promise will be safe from reproof. This is a Day on which eaM
s wise decrees hath been expounded.
mystery of the Great Reversal in the Sign of the Sovereign
hath now been made manifest. Well is it with him whom God hath aided to recognize the
raised up by virtue of this
; he, verily, is of those whose faith is true. How many the outwardly pious who have turned away, and how many the wayward who have drawn nigh, exclaiming:
All praise be to Thee, O Thou the Desire of the worlds!
In truth, it is in the hand of God to give what He wM
illeth to whomsoever He willeth, and to withhold what He pleaseth from whomsoever He may wish. He knoweth the inner secrets of the hearts and the meaning hidden in a mocker
s wink. How many an embodiment of heedlessness who came unto Us with purity of heart have We established upon the seat of Our acceptance; and how many an exponent of wisdom have We in all justice consigned to the fire. We are, in truth, the One to judge. He it is Who is the manifestation of
God doeth whatsoever He pleaseth,
and abideth upon thM
He ordaineth whatsoever He chooseth.
Blessed is the one who discovereth the fragrance of inner meanings from the traces of this Pen through whose movement the breezes of God are wafted over the entire creation, and through whose stillness the very essence of tranquillity appeareth in the realm of being. Glorified be the All-Merciful, the Revealer of so inestimable a bounty. Say: Because He bore injustice, justice hath appeared on earth, and because He accepted abasement, the majesty of God hath shoneM
forth amidst mankind.
It hath been forbidden you to carry arms unless essential, and permitted you to attire yourselves in silk. The Lord hath relieved you, as a bounty on His part, of the restrictions that formerly applied to clothing and to the trim of the beard. He, verily, is the Ordainer, the Omniscient. Let there be naught in your demeanor of which sound and upright minds would disapprove, and make not yourselves the playthings of the ignorant. Well is it with him who hath adorned himself with the vesture oM
f seemly conduct and a praiseworthy character. He is assuredly reckoned with those who aid their Lord through distinctive and outstanding deeds.
Promote ye the development of the cities of God and His countries, and glorify Him therein in the joyous accents of His well-favored ones. In truth, the hearts of men are edified through the power of the tongue, even as houses and cities are built up by the hand and other means. We have assigned to every end a means for its accomplishment; avail yourselves thereof, and plM
ace your trust and confidence in God, the Omniscient, the All-Wise.
Blessed is the man that hath acknowledged his belief in God and in His signs, and recognized that
He shall not be asked of His doings.
Such a recognition hath been made by God the ornament of every belief and its very foundation. Upon it must depend the acceptance of every goodly deed. Fasten your eyes upon it, that haply the whisperings of the rebellious may not cause you to slip.
Were He to decree as lawful the thing which from time immemoriaM
l had been forbidden, and forbid that which had, at all times, been regarded as lawful, to none is given the right to question His authority. Whoso will hesitate, though it be for less than a moment, should be regarded as a transgressor.
Whoso hath not recognized this sublime and fundamental verity, and hath failed to attain this most exalted station, the winds of doubt will agitate him, and the sayings of the infidels will distract his soul. He that hath acknowledged this principle will be endowed with the most M
perfect constancy. All honor to this all-glorious station, the remembrance of which adorneth every exalted Tablet. Such is the teaching which God bestoweth on you, a teaching that will deliver you from all manner of doubt and perplexity, and enable you to attain unto salvation in both this world and the next. He, verily, is the Ever-Forgiving, the Most Bountiful. He it is Who hath sent forth the Messengers, and sent down the Books to proclaim
There is none other God but Me, the Almighty, the All-Wise.
!10 We, verily, behold thee in a state displeasing unto God, and see proceeding from thee that which is inscrutable to anyone save Him, the Omniscient, the All-Informed; and We perceive that which secretly and stealthily diffuseth from thee. With Us is the knowledge of all things, inscribed in a lucid Tablet. Sorrow not for that which hath befallen thee. Erelong will God raise up within thee men endued with mighty valor, who will magnify My Name with such constancy that neither will they be deterred by thM
e evil suggestions of the divines, nor will they be kept back by the insinuations of the sowers of doubt. With their own eyes will they behold God, and with their own lives will they render Him victorious. These, truly, are of those who are steadfast.
O concourse of divines! When My verses were sent down, and My clear tokens were revealed, We found you behind the veils. This, verily, is a strange thing. Ye glory in My Name, yet ye recognized Me not at the time your Lord, the All-Merciful, appeared amongst you withM
proof and testimony. We have rent the veils asunder. Beware lest ye shut out the people by yet another veil. Pluck asunder the chains of vain imaginings, in the name of the Lord of all men, and be not of the deceitful. Should ye turn unto God and embrace His Cause, spread not disorder within it, and measure not the Book of God with your selfish desires. This, verily, is the counsel of God aforetime and hereafter, and to this God
s witnesses and chosen ones, yea, each and every one of Us, do solemnly attest.
ye to mind the shaykh whose name was Muhammad-Hasan, who ranked among the most learned divines of his day. When the True One was made manifest, this shaykh, along with others of his calling, rejected Him, while a sifter of wheat and barley accepted Him and turned unto the Lord. Though he was occupied both night and day in setting down what he conceived to be the laws and ordinances of God, yet when He Who is the Unconstrained appeared, not one letter thereof availed him, or he would not have turned away from a CounM
tenance that hath illumined the faces of the well-favored of the Lord. Had ye believed in God when He revealed Himself, the people would not have turned aside from Him, nor would the things ye witness today have befallen Us. Fear God, and be not of the heedless.
Beware lest any name debar you from Him Who is the Possessor of all names, or any word shut you out from this Remembrance of God, this Source of Wisdom amongst you. Turn unto God and seek His protection, O concourse of divines, and make not of yourselves aM
veil between Me and My creatures. Thus doth your Lord admonish you, and command you to be just, lest your works should come to naught and ye yourselves be oblivious of your plight. Shall he who denieth this Cause be able to vindicate the truth of any cause throughout creation? Nay, by Him Who is the Fashioner of the universe! Yet the people are wrapped in a palpable veil. Say: Through this Cause the daystar of testimony hath dawned, and the luminary of proof hath shed its radiance upon all that dwell on earth. FeaM
r God, O men of insight, and be not of those who disbelieve in Me. Take heed lest the word
withhold you from this Most Great Announcement, or any reference to
debar you from the sovereignty of Him Who is the Vicegerent of God, which overshadoweth all the worlds. Every name hath been created by His Word, and every cause is dependent on His irresistible, His mighty and wondrous Cause. Say: This is the Day of God, the Day on which naught shall be mentioned save His own Self, the omnipotent ProtM
ector of all worlds. This is the Cause that hath made all your superstitions and idols to tremble.
We, verily, see amongst you him who taketh hold of the Book of God and citeth from it proofs and arguments wherewith to repudiate his Lord, even as the followers of every other Faith sought reasons in their Holy Books for refuting Him Who is the Help in Peril, the Self-Subsisting. Say: God, the True One, is My witness that neither the Scriptures of the world, nor all the books and writings in existence, shall, in thiM
s Day, avail you aught without this, the Living Book, Who proclaimeth in the midmost heart of creation:
Verily, there is none other God but Me, the All-Knowing, the All-Wise.
O concourse of divines! Beware lest ye be the cause of strife in the land, even as ye were the cause of the repudiation of the Faith in its early days. Gather the people around this Word that hath made the pebbles to cry out:
s, the Dawning-place of all signs!
Thus doth your Lord admonish you, as a bounty on His part; HM
e, of a truth, is the Ever-Forgiving, the Most Generous.
m, and how, when We summoned him unto God, he waxed disdainful, prompted by his own desires; yet We had sent him that which was a solace to the eye of proof in the world of being and the fulfillment of God
s testimony to all the denizens of earth and heaven. As a token of the grace of Him Who is the All-Possessing, the Most High, We bade him embrace the Truth. But he turned away until, as an act of justice from God, angels of wrath laid hM
old upon him. Unto this We truly were a witness.
Tear the veils asunder in such wise that the inmates of the Kingdom will hear them being rent. This is the command of God, in days gone by and for those to come. Blessed the man that observeth that whereunto he was bidden, and woe betide the negligent.
We, of a certainty, have had no purpose in this earthly realm save to make God manifest and to reveal His sovereignty; sufficient unto Me is God for a witness. We, of a certainty, have had no intent in the celestial M
Kingdom but to exalt His Cause and glorify His praise; sufficient unto Me is God for a protector. We, of a certainty, have had no desire in the Dominion on high except to extol God and what hath been sent down by Him; sufficient unto Me is God for a helper.
Happy are ye, O ye the learned ones in Bah
. By the Lord! Ye are the billows of the Most Mighty Ocean, the stars of the firmament of Glory, the standards of triumph waving betwixt earth and heaven. Ye are the manifestations of steadfastness amidst men and the dM
aysprings of Divine Utterance to all that dwell on earth. Well is it with him that turneth unto you, and woe betide the froward. This day, it behooveth whoso hath quaffed the Mystic Wine of everlasting life from the Hands of the loving-kindness of the Lord his God, the Merciful, to pulsate even as the throbbing artery in the body of mankind, that through him may be quickened the world and every crumbling bone.
O people of the world! When the Mystic Dove will have winged its flight from its Sanctuary of Praise and M
sought its far-off goal, its hidden habitation, refer ye whatsoever ye understand not in the Book to Him Who hath branched from this mighty Stock.
O Pen of the Most High! Move Thou upon the Tablet at the bidding of Thy Lord, the Creator of the Heavens, and tell of the time when He Who is the Dayspring of Divine Unity purposed to direct His steps towards the School of Transcendent Oneness; haply the pure in heart may gain thereby a glimpse, be it as small as a needle
s eye, of the mysteries of Thy Lord, the AlmightM
y, the Omniscient, that lie concealed behind the veils. Say: We, indeed, set foot within the School of inner meaning and explanation when all created things were unaware. We saw the words sent down by Him Who is the All-Merciful, and We accepted the verses of God, the Help in Peril, the Self-Subsisting, which He11 presented unto Us, and hearkened unto that which He had solemnly affirmed in the Tablet. This We assuredly did behold. And We assented to His wish through Our behest, for truly We are potent to command.
n! We, verily, set foot within the School of God when ye lay slumbering; and We perused the Tablet while ye were fast asleep. By the one true God! We read the Tablet ere it was revealed, while ye were unaware, and We had perfect knowledge of the Book when ye were yet unborn. These words are to your measure, not to God
s. To this testifieth that which is enshrined within His knowledge, if ye be of them that comprehend; and to this the tongue of the Almighty doth bear witness, if ye be of those whM
o understand. I swear by God, were We to lift the veil, ye would be dumbfounded.
Take heed that ye dispute not idly concerning the Almighty and His Cause, for lo! He hath appeared amongst you invested with a Revelation so great as to encompass all things, whether of the past or of the future. Were We to address Our theme by speaking in the language of the inmates of the Kingdom, We would say:
In truth, God created that School ere He created heaven and earth, and We entered it before the letters B and E were joinM
ed and knit together.
Such is the language of Our servants in Our Kingdom; consider what the tongue of the dwellers of Our exalted Dominion would utter, for We have taught them Our knowledge and have revealed to them whatever had lain hidden in God
s wisdom. Imagine then what the Tongue of Might and Grandeur would utter in His All-Glorious Abode!
This is not a Cause which may be made a plaything for your idle fancies, nor is it a field for the foolish and faint of heart. By God, this is the arena of insight and dM
etachment, of vision and upliftment, where none may spur on their chargers save the valiant horsemen of the Merciful, who have severed all attachment to the world of being. These, truly, are they that render God victorious on earth, and are the dawning-places of His sovereign might amidst mankind.
Beware lest aught that hath been revealed in the Bay
n should keep you from your Lord, the Most Compassionate. God is My witness that the Bay
n was sent down for no other purpose than to celebrate My praise, did ye but kM
now! In it the pure in heart will find only the fragrance of My love, only My Name that overshadoweth all that seeth and is seen. Say: Turn ye, O people, unto that which hath proceeded from My Most Exalted Pen. Should ye inhale therefrom the fragrance of God, set not yourselves against Him, nor deny yourselves a portion of His gracious favor and His manifold bestowals. Thus doth your Lord admonish you; He, verily, is the Counselor, the Omniscient.
Whatsoever ye understand not in the Bay
n, ask it of God, your LordM
and the Lord of your forefathers. Should He so desire, He will expound for you that which is revealed therein, and disclose to you the pearls of Divine knowledge and wisdom that lie concealed within the ocean of its words. He, verily, is supreme over all names; no God is there but Him, the Help in Peril, the Self-Subsisting.
s equilibrium hath been upset through the vibrating influence of this most great, this new World Order. Mankind
s ordered life hath been revolutionized through the agency of this unM
ique, this wondrous System
the like of which mortal eyes have never witnessed.
Immerse yourselves in the ocean of My words, that ye may unravel its secrets, and discover all the pearls of wisdom that lie hid in its depths. Take heed that ye do not vacillate in your determination to embrace the truth of this Cause
a Cause through which the potentialities of the might of God have been revealed, and His sovereignty established. With faces beaming with joy, hasten ye unto Him. This is the changeless Faith of God, eterM
nal in the past, eternal in the future. Let him that seeketh, attain it; and as to him that hath refused to seek it
verily, God is Self-Sufficient, above any need of His creatures.
Say: This is the infallible Balance which the Hand of God is holding, in which all who are in the heavens and all who are on the earth are weighed, and their fate determined, if ye be of them that believe and recognize this truth. Say: This is the Most Great Testimony, by which the validity of every proof throughout the ages hath been eM
stablished, would that ye might be assured thereof. Say: Through it the poor have been enriched, the learned enlightened, and the seekers enabled to ascend unto the presence of God. Beware lest ye make it a cause of dissension amongst you. Be ye as firmly settled as the immovable mountain in the Cause of your Lord, the Mighty, the Loving.
Say: O source of perversion! Abandon thy willful blindness, and speak forth the truth amidst the people. I swear by God that I have wept for thee to see thee following thy selfisM
h passions and renouncing Him Who fashioned thee and brought thee into being. Call to mind the tender mercy of thy Lord, and remember how We nurtured thee by day and by night for service to the Cause. Fear God, and be thou of the truly repentant. Granted that the people were confused about thy station, is it conceivable that thou thyself art similarly confused? Tremble before thy Lord and recall the days when thou didst stand before Our throne, and didst write down the verses that We dictated unto thee
down by God, the Omnipotent Protector, the Lord of might and power. Beware lest the fire of thy presumptuousness debar thee from attaining to God
s Holy Court. Turn unto Him, and fear not because of thy deeds. He, in truth, forgiveth whomsoever He desireth as a bounty on His part; no God is there but Him, the Ever-Forgiving, the All-Bounteous. We admonish thee solely for the sake of God. Shouldst thou accept this counsel, thou wilt have acted to thine own behoof; and shouldst thou reject it, thy Lord, verily, can wM
ell dispense with thee, and with all those who, in manifest delusion, have followed thee. Behold! God hath laid hold on him who led thee astray. Return unto God, humble, submissive and lowly; verily, He will put away from thee thy sins, for thy Lord, of a certainty, is the Forgiving, the Mighty, the All-Merciful.
This is the Counsel of God; would that thou mightest heed it! This is the Bounty of God; would that thou mightest receive it! This is the Utterance of God; if only thou wouldst apprehend it! This is the TM
reasure of God; if only thou couldst understand!
This is a Book which hath become the Lamp of the Eternal unto the world, and His straight, undeviating Path amidst the peoples of the earth. Say: This is the Dayspring of Divine knowledge, if ye be of them that understand, and the Dawning-place of God
s commandments, if ye be of those who comprehend.
Burden not an animal with more than it can bear. We, truly, have prohibited such treatment through a most binding interdiction in the Book. Be ye the embodiments of juM
stice and fairness amidst all creation.
Should anyone unintentionally take another
s life, it is incumbent upon him to render to the family of the deceased an indemnity of one hundred mithq
ls of gold. Observe ye that which hath been enjoined upon you in this Tablet, and be not of those who overstep its limits.
O members of parliaments throughout the world! Select ye a single language for the use of all on earth, and adopt ye likewise a common script. God, verily, maketh plain for you that which shall profit you M
and enable you to be independent of others. He, of a truth, is the Most Bountiful, the All-Knowing, the All-Informed. This will be the cause of unity, could ye but comprehend it, and the greatest instrument for promoting harmony and civilization, would that ye might understand! We have appointed two signs for the coming of age of the human race: the first, which is the most firm foundation, We have set down in other of Our Tablets, while the second hath been revealed in this wondrous Book.
It hath been forbidden yM
ou to smoke opium. We, truly, have prohibited this practice through a most binding interdiction in the Book. Should anyone partake thereof, assuredly he is not of Me. Fear God, O ye endued with understanding!
Some Texts Revealed by Bah
h Supplementary to the Kit
A number of Tablets revealed by Bah
b-i-Aqdas contain passages supplementary to the provisions of the Most Holy Book. The most noteworthy of these have been published in Tablets of Bah
evealed after the Kit
b-i-Aqdas. Included in this section is an extract from the Tablet of Ishr
t. The text of the three Obligatory Prayers referred to in Questions and Answers and the Prayer for the Dead mentioned in the Text are, likewise, reprinted here.
This passage, now written by the Pen of Glory, is accounted as part of the Most Holy Book: The men of God
s House of Justice have been charged with the affairs of the people. They, in truth, are the Trustees of M
God among His servants and the daysprings of authority in His countries.
O people of God! That which traineth the world is Justice, for it is upheld by two pillars, reward and punishment. These two pillars are the sources of life to the world. Inasmuch as for each day there is a new problem and for every problem an expedient solution, such affairs should be referred to the House of Justice that the members thereof may act according to the needs and requirements of the time. They that, for the sake of God, arise toM
serve His Cause, are the recipients of divine inspiration from the unseen Kingdom. It is incumbent upon all to be obedient unto them. All matters of State should be referred to the House of Justice, but acts of worship must be observed according to that which God hath revealed in His Book.
! Ye are the dawning-places of the love of God and the daysprings of His loving-kindness. Defile not your tongues with the cursing and reviling of any soul, and guard your eyes against that which is not seemly. M
Set forth that which ye possess. If it be favorably received, your end is attained; if not, to protest is vain. Leave that soul to himself and turn unto the Lord, the Protector, the Self-Subsisting. Be not the cause of grief, much less of discord and strife. The hope is cherished that ye may obtain true education in the shelter of the tree of His tender mercies and act in accordance with that which God desireth. Ye are all the leaves of one tree and the drops of one ocean.
h revealed after thM
Long Obligatory Prayer
To be recited once in twenty-four hours
Whoso wisheth to recite this prayer, let him stand up and turn unto God, and, as he standeth in his place, let him gaze to the right and to the left, as if awaiting the mercy of his Lord, the Most Merciful, the Compassionate. Then let him say:
O Thou Who art the Lord of all names and the Maker of the heavens! I beseech Thee by them Who are the Daysprings of Thine invisible Essence, the Most Exalted, the All-Glorious, to make M
of my prayer a fire that will burn away the veils which have shut me out from Thy beauty, and a light that will lead me unto the ocean of Thy Presence.
Let him then raise his hands in supplication toward God
blessed and exalted be He
O Thou the Desire of the world and the Beloved of the nations! Thou seest me turning toward Thee, and rid of all attachment to anyone save Thee, and clinging to Thy cord, through whose movement the whole creation hath been stirred up. I am Thy servant, O my Lord, and theM
son of Thy servant. Behold me standing ready to do Thy will and Thy desire, and wishing naught else except Thy good pleasure. I implore Thee by the Ocean of Thy mercy and the Daystar of Thy grace to do with Thy servant as Thou willest and pleasest. By Thy might which is far above all mention and praise! Whatsoever is revealed by Thee is the desire of my heart and the beloved of my soul. O God, my God! Look not upon my hopes and my doings, nay rather look upon Thy will that hath encompassed the heavens and the eartM
h. By Thy Most Great Name, O Thou Lord of all nations! I have desired only what Thou didst desire, and love only what Thou dost love.
Let him then kneel, and bowing his forehead to the ground, let him say:
Exalted art Thou above the description of anyone save Thyself, and the comprehension of aught else except Thee.
Let him then stand and say:
Make my prayer, O my Lord, a fountain of living waters whereby I may live as long as Thy sovereignty endureth, and may make mention of Thee in every world of Thy M
Let him again raise his hands in supplication, and say:
O Thou in separation from Whom hearts and souls have melted, and by the fire of Whose love the whole world hath been set aflame! I implore Thee by Thy Name through which Thou hast subdued the whole creation, not to withhold from me that which is with Thee, O Thou Who rulest over all men! Thou seest, O my Lord, this stranger hastening to his most exalted home beneath the canopy of Thy majesty and within the precincts of Thy mercy; and this transgrM
essor seeking the ocean of Thy forgiveness; and this lowly one the court of Thy glory; and this poor creature the orient of Thy wealth. Thine is the authority to command whatsoever Thou willest. I bear witness that Thou art to be praised in Thy doings, and to be obeyed in Thy behests, and to remain unconstrained in Thy bidding.
Let him then raise his hands, and repeat three times the Greatest Name. Let him then bend down with hands resting on the knees before God
blessed and exalted be He
O my God, how my spirit hath been stirred up within my limbs and members, in its longing to worship Thee, and in its yearning to remember Thee and extol Thee; how it testifieth to that whereunto the Tongue of Thy Commandment hath testified in the kingdom of Thine utterance and the heaven of Thy knowledge. I love, in this state, O my Lord, to beg of Thee all that is with Thee, that I may demonstrate my poverty, and magnify Thy bounty and Thy riches, and may declare my powerlessness, and manifest Thy power and Thy mM
Let him then stand and raise his hands twice in supplication, and say:
There is no God but Thee, the Almighty, the All-Bountiful. There is no God but Thee, the Ordainer, both in the beginning and in the end. O God, my God! Thy forgiveness hath emboldened me, and Thy mercy hath strengthened me, and Thy call hath awakened me, and Thy grace hath raised me up and led me unto Thee. Who, otherwise, am I that I should dare to stand at the gate of the city of Thy nearness, or set my face toward the lights that M
are shining from the heaven of Thy will? Thou seest, O my Lord, this wretched creature knocking at the door of Thy grace, and this evanescent soul seeking the river of everlasting life from the hands of Thy bounty. Thine is the command at all times, O Thou Who art the Lord of all names; and mine is resignation and willing submission to Thy will, O Creator of the heavens!
Let him then raise his hands thrice, and say:
Greater is God than every great one!
Let him then kneel and, bowing his forehead to the groM
Too high art Thou for the praise of those who are nigh unto Thee to ascend unto the heaven of Thy nearness, or for the birds of the hearts of them who are devoted to Thee to attain to the door of Thy gate. I testify that Thou hast been sanctified above all attributes and holy above all names. No God is there but Thee, the Most Exalted, the All-Glorious.
Let him then seat himself and say:
I testify unto that whereunto have testified all created things, and the Concourse on high, and the inmates ofM
the all-highest Paradise, and beyond them the Tongue of Grandeur itself from the all-glorious Horizon, that Thou art God, that there is no God but Thee, and that He Who hath been manifested is the Hidden Mystery, the Treasured Symbol, through Whom the letters B and E (Be) have been joined and knit together. I testify that it is He whose name hath been set down by the Pen of the Most High, and Who hath been mentioned in the Books of God, the Lord of the Throne on high and of earth below.
Let him then stand erectM
O Lord of all being and Possessor of all things visible and invisible! Thou dost perceive my tears and the sighs I utter, and hearest my groaning, and my wailing, and the lamentation of my heart. By Thy might! My trespasses have kept me back from drawing nigh unto Thee; and my sins have held me far from the court of Thy holiness. Thy love, O my Lord, hath enriched me, and separation from Thee hath destroyed me, and remoteness from Thee hath consumed me. I entreat Thee by Thy footsteps in this wildernesM
s, and by the words
Here am I. Here am I
which Thy chosen Ones have uttered in this immensity, and by the breaths of Thy Revelation, and the gentle winds of the Dawn of Thy Manifestation, to ordain that I may gaze on Thy beauty and observe whatsoever is in Thy Book.
Let him then repeat the Greatest Name thrice, and bend down with hands resting on the knees, and say:
Praise be to Thee, O my God, that Thou hast aided me to remember Thee and to praise Thee, and hast made known unto me Him Who is the DayspringM
of Thy signs, and hast caused me to bow down before Thy Lordship, and humble myself before Thy Godhead, and to acknowledge that which hath been uttered by the Tongue of Thy grandeur.
Let him then rise and say:
O God, my God! My back is bowed by the burden of my sins, and my heedlessness hath destroyed me. Whenever I ponder my evil doings and Thy benevolence, my heart melteth within me, and my blood boileth in my veins. By Thy Beauty, O Thou the Desire of the world! I blush to lift up my face to Thee, and my M
longing hands are ashamed to stretch forth toward the heaven of Thy bounty. Thou seest, O my God, how my tears prevent me from remembering Thee and from extolling Thy virtues, O Thou the Lord of the Throne on high and of earth below! I implore Thee by the signs of Thy Kingdom and the mysteries of Thy Dominion to do with Thy loved ones as becometh Thy bounty, O Lord of all being, and is worthy of Thy grace, O King of the seen and the unseen!
Let him then repeat the Greatest Name thrice, and kneel with his foreheaM
d to the ground, and say:
Praise be unto Thee, O our God, that Thou hast sent down unto us that which draweth us nigh unto Thee, and supplieth us with every good thing sent down by Thee in Thy Books and Thy Scriptures. Protect us, we beseech Thee, O my Lord, from the hosts of idle fancies and vain imaginations. Thou, in truth, art the Mighty, the All-Knowing.
Let him then raise his head, and seat himself, and say:
I testify, O my God, to that whereunto Thy chosen Ones have testified, and acknowledge that wM
hich the inmates of the all-highest Paradise and those who have circled round Thy mighty Throne have acknowledged. The kingdoms of earth and heaven are Thine, O Lord of the worlds!
(Prayers and Meditations by Bah
Medium Obligatory Prayer
To be recited daily, in the morning, at noon, and in the evening
Whoso wisheth to pray, let him wash his hands, and while he washeth, let him say:
Strengthen my hand, O my God, that it may take hold of Thy Book with such steadfastness that the hostsM
of the world shall have no power over it. Guard it, then, from meddling with whatsoever doth not belong unto it. Thou art, verily, the Almighty, the Most Powerful.
And while washing his face, let him say:
I have turned my face unto Thee, O my Lord! Illumine it with the light of Thy countenance. Protect it, then, from turning to anyone but Thee.
Then let him stand up, and facing the Qiblih (Point of Adoration, i.e. Bahj
God testifieth that there is none other God but Him. His are M
the kingdoms of Revelation and of creation. He, in truth, hath manifested Him Who is the Dayspring of Revelation, Who conversed on Sinai, through Whom the Supreme Horizon hath been made to shine, and the Lote-Tree beyond which there is no passing hath spoken, and through Whom the call hath been proclaimed unto all who are in heaven and on earth:
Lo, the All-Possessing is come. Earth and heaven, glory and dominion are God
s, the Lord of all men, and the Possessor of the Throne on high and of earth below!
m, then, bend down, with hands resting on the knees, and say:
Exalted art Thou above my praise and the praise of anyone beside me, above my description and the description of all who are in heaven and all who are on earth!
Then, standing with open hands, palms upward toward the face, let him say:
Disappoint not, O my God, him that hath, with beseeching fingers, clung to the hem of Thy mercy and Thy grace, O Thou Who of those who show mercy art the Most Merciful!
Let him, then, be seated and say:
ear witness to Thy unity and Thy oneness, and that Thou art God, and that there is none other God beside Thee. Thou hast, verily, revealed Thy Cause, fulfilled Thy Covenant, and opened wide the door of Thy grace to all that dwell in heaven and on earth. Blessing and peace, salutation and glory, rest upon Thy loved ones, whom the changes and chances of the world have not deterred from turning unto Thee, and who have given their all, in the hope of obtaining that which is with Thee. Thou art, in truth, the Ever-ForgiM
ving, the All-Bountiful.
(If anyone choose to recite instead of the long verse these words:
God testifieth that there is none other God but Him, the Help in Peril, the Self-Subsisting,
it would be sufficient. And likewise, it would suffice were he, while seated, to choose to recite these words:
I bear witness to Thy unity and Thy oneness, and that Thou art God, and that there is none other God beside Thee.
(Prayers and Meditations by Bah
Short Obligatory Prayer
To be recited once iM
n twenty-four hours, at noon
I bear witness, O my God, that Thou hast created me to know Thee and to worship Thee. I testify, at this moment, to my powerlessness and to Thy might, to my poverty and to Thy wealth.
There is none other God but Thee, the Help in Peril, the Self-Subsisting.
(Prayers and Meditations by Bah
O my God! This is Thy servant and the son of Thy servant who hath believed in Thee and in Thy signs, and set his face towards Thee, wholly detached frM
om all except Thee. Thou art, verily, of those who show mercy the most merciful.
Deal with him, O Thou Who forgivest the sins of men and concealest their faults, as beseemeth the heaven of Thy bounty and the ocean of Thy grace. Grant him admission within the precincts of Thy transcendent mercy that was before the foundation of earth and heaven. There is no God but Thee, the Ever-Forgiving, the Most Generous.
Let him, then, repeat six times the greeting
and then repeat nineteen times each of the M
We all, verily, worship God.
We all, verily, bow down before God.
We all, verily, are devoted unto God.
We all, verily, give praise unto God.
We all, verily, yield thanks unto God.
We all, verily, are patient in God.
(If the dead be a woman, let him say: This is Thy handmaiden and the daughter of Thy handmaiden, etc
(Prayers and Meditations by Bah
Questions and Answers
Question: Concerning the Most Great Festival.
Answer: The Most Great FM
estival commenceth late in the afternoon of the thirteenth day of the second month of the year according to the Bay
n. On the first, ninth and twelfth days of this Festival, work is forbidden.
Question: Concerning the Festival of the Twin Birthdays.
Answer: The Birth of the Abh
Beauty1 was at the hour of dawn on the second day of the month of Mu?arram,2 the first day of which marketh the Birth of His Herald. These two days are accounted as one in the sight of God.
Question: Concerning the MarriageM
We will all, verily, abide by the Will of God.
We will all, verily, abide by the Will of God.
Question: Should a man go on a journey without specifying a time for his return without indicating, in other words, the expected period of his absence
and should no word be heard of him thereafter, and all trace of him be lost, what course should be followed by his wife?
Answer: Should he have omitted to fix a time for his return despite being aware of the stipulation of M
b-i-Aqdas in this regard, his wife should wait for one full year, after which she shall be free either to adopt the course that is praiseworthy, or to choose for herself another husband. If, however, he be unaware of this stipulation, she should abide in patience until such time as God shall please to disclose to her his fate. By the course that is praiseworthy in this connection is meant the exercise of patience.
Question: Concerning the holy verse:
When We heard the clamor of the children as yet M
unborn, We doubled their share and decreased those of the rest.
Answer: According to the Book of God, the estate of the deceased is divided into 2,520 shares, which number is the lowest common multiple of all integers up to nine, and these shares are then distributed into seven portions, each of which is allocated, as mentioned in the Book, to a particular category of heirs. The children, for example, are allotted nine blocks of 60 shares, comprising 540 shares in all. The meaning of the statement
is thus that the children receive a further nine blocks of 60 shares, entitling them to a total of 18 blocks all told. The extra shares that they receive are deducted from the portions of the other categories of heirs, so that, although it is revealed, for instance, that the spouse is entitled to
eight parts comprising four hundred and eighty shares,
which is the equivalent of eight blocks of 60 shares, now, by virtue of this rearrangement, one and a half blocks of shares, comprising 90 shares in all, hM
ave been subtracted from the spouse
s portion and reallocated to the children, and similarly in the case of the others. The result is that the total amount subtracted is equivalent to the nine extra blocks of shares allotted to the children.
Question: Is it necessary that the brother, in order to qualify for his portion of the inheritance, be descended from both the father and the mother of the deceased, or is it sufficient merely that there be one parent in common?
Answer: If the brother be descended fromM
the father he shall receive his share of the inheritance in the prescribed measure recorded in the Book; but if he be descended from the mother, he shall receive only two-thirds of his entitlement, the remaining third reverting to the House of Justice. This ruling is also applicable to the sister.
Question: Amongst the provisions concerning inheritance it hath been laid down that, should the deceased leave no offspring, their share of the estate is to revert to the House of Justice. In the event of other cM
ategories of heirs, such as the father, mother, brother, sister and teacher being similarly absent, do their shares of the inheritance also revert to the House of Justice, or are they dealt with in some other fashion?
Answer: The sacred verse sufficeth. He saith, exalted be His Word:
Should the deceased leave no offspring, their share shall revert to the House of Justice
Should the deceased leave offspring, but none of the other categories of heirs that have been specified in the Book, they shall receM
ive two-thirds of the inheritance and the remaining third shall revert to the House of Justice
etc. In other words, where there are no offspring, their allotted portion of the inheritance reverteth to the House of Justice; and where there are offspring but the other categories of heirs are lacking, two-thirds of the inheritance pass to the offspring, the remaining third reverting to the House of Justice. This ruling hath both general and specific application, which is to say that whenever any category of this lattM
er class of heirs is absent, two-thirds of their inheritance pass to the offspring and the remaining third to the House of Justice.
Question: Concerning the basic sum on which ?uq
Answer: The basic sum on which ?uq
h is payable is nineteen mithq
ls of gold. In other words, when money to the value of this sum hath been acquired, a payment of ?uq
q falleth due. Likewise ?uq
q is payable when the value, not the number, of other forms of property reacheth the prescribed amount. ?uq
h is payable no more than once. A person, for instance, who acquireth a thousand mithq
ls of gold, and payeth the ?uq
q, is not liable to make a further such payment on this sum, but only on what accrueth to it through commerce, business and the like. When this increase, namely the profit realized, reacheth the prescribed sum, one must carry out what God hath decreed. Only when the principal changeth hands is it once more subject to payment of ?uq
q, as it was the first time. The Primal Point hath directed thatM
h must be paid on the value of whatsoever one possesseth; yet, in this Most Mighty Dispensation, We have exempted the household furnishings, that is such furnishings as are needed, and the residence itself.
Question: Which is to take precedence: the ?uq
h, the debts of the deceased or the cost of the funeral and burial?
Answer: The funeral and burial take precedence, then settlement of debts, then payment of ?uq
h. Should the property of the deceased prove insufficient to cover his dM
ebts, the remainder of his estate should be distributed among these debts in proportion to their size.
Question: Shaving the head hath been forbidden in the Kit
b-i-Aqdas but enjoined in the S
Answer: All are charged with obedience to the Kit
b-i-Aqdas; whatsoever is revealed therein is the Law of God amid His servants. The injunction on pilgrims to the sacred House to shave the head hath been lifted.
Question: If intercourse take place between a couple during their year of patience,M
and they become estranged again thereafter, must they recommence their year of patience, or may the days preceding the intercourse be included in the reckoning of the year? And once divorce hath taken place, is it necessary that a further period of waiting be observed?
Answer: Should affection be renewed between the couple during their year of patience, the marriage tie is valid, and what is commanded in the Book of God must be observed; but once the year of patience hath been completed and that which is decreed M
by God taketh place, a further period of waiting is not required. Sexual intercourse between husband and wife is forbidden during their year of patience, and whoso committeth this act must seek God
s forgiveness, and, as a punishment, render to the House of Justice a fine of nineteen mithq
Question: Should antipathy develop between a couple after the Marriage Verses have been read and the dowry paid, may divorce take place without observance of the year of patience?
Answer: Divorce may legitimM
ately be sought after the reading of the Marriage Verses and payment of the dowry, but before the consummation of the marriage. In such circumstances there is no need for observance of a year of patience, but recovery of the dowry payment is not permissible.
Question: Is the consent of the parents on both sides prerequisite to marriage, or is that of the parents on one side sufficient? Is this law applicable only to virgins or to others as well?
Answer: Marriage is conditional upon the consent of the pareM
nts of both parties to the marriage, and in this respect it maketh no difference whether the bride be a virgin or otherwise.
Question: The believers have been enjoined to face in the direction of the Qiblih when reciting their Obligatory Prayers; in what direction should they turn when offering other prayers and devotions?
Answer: Facing in the direction of the Qiblih is a fixed requirement for the recitation of obligatory prayer, but for other prayers and devotions one may follow what the merciful Lord hM
ath revealed in the Qur
Whichever way ye turn, there is the face of God.
Question: Concerning the remembrance of God in the Mashriqu
at the hour of dawn.
Answer: Although the words
are used in the Book of God, it is acceptable to God at the earliest dawn of day, between dawn and sunrise, or even up to two hours after sunrise.
Question: Is the ordinance that the body of the deceased should be carried no greater distance than one hour
s journey applicable to tM
ransport by both land and sea?
Answer: This command applieth to distances by sea as well as by land, whether it is an hour by steamship or by rail; the intention is the hour
s time, whatever the means of transport. The sooner the burial taketh place, however, the more fitting and acceptable will it be.
Question: What procedure should be followed on the discovery of lost property?
Answer: If such property be found in the town, its discovery is to be announced once by the town crier. If the owner of the prM
operty is then found, it should be delivered up to him. Otherwise, the finder of the property should wait one year, and if, during this period, the owner cometh to light, the finder should receive from him the crier
s fee and restore to him his property; only if the year should pass without the owner
s being identified may the finder take possession of the property himself. If the value of the property is less than or equal to the crier
s fee, the finder should wait a single day from the time of its discovery, at tM
he end of which, if the owner hath not come to light, he may himself appropriate it; and in the case of property discovered in an uninhabited area, the finder should observe a three days
wait, on the passing of which period, if the identity of the owner remain unknown, he is free to take possession of his find.
Question: With reference to the ablutions: if, for example, a person hath just bathed his entire body, must he still perform his ablutions?
Answer: The commandment regarding ablutions must, in anM
y case, be observed.
Question: Should a person plan to migrate from his country, and his wife be opposed and the disagreement culminate in divorce, and should his preparations for the journey extend until a year hath passed, may this period be counted as the year of patience, or should the day the couple part be regarded as the starting point of that year?
Answer: The starting point for computation is the day the couple part, and if, therefore, they have separated a year before the husband
d if the fragrance of affection hath not been renewed between the couple, divorce may take place. Otherwise the year must be counted from the day of his departure, and the conditions set forth in the Kit
Question: Concerning the age of maturity with respect to religious duties.
Answer: The age of maturity is fifteen for both men and women.
Question: Concerning the holy verse:
When traveling, if ye should stop and rest in some safe spot, perform ye
a single prostration in plM
ace of each unsaid Obligatory Prayer
Answer: This prostration is to compensate for obligatory prayer omitted in the course of travel, and by reason of insecure circumstances. If, at the time of prayer, the traveler should find himself at rest in a secure place, he should perform that prayer. This provision regarding the compensating prostration applieth both at home and on a journey.
Question: Concerning the definition of a journey.4
Answer: The definition of a journey is nine hours by the clock. ShoulM
d the traveler stop in a place, anticipating that he will stay there for no less than one month by the Bay
n reckoning, it is incumbent on him to keep the Fast; but if for less than one month, he is exempt from fasting. If he arriveth during the Fast at a place where he is to stay one month according to the Bay
n, he should not observe the Fast till three days have elapsed, thereafter keeping it throughout the remainder of its course; but if he come to his home, where he hath heretofore been permanently resident, hM
e must commence his fast upon the first day after his arrival.
Question: Concerning the punishment of the adulterer and adulteress.
ls are payable for the first offense, eighteen for the second, thirty-six for the third, and so on, each succeeding fine being double the preceding. The weight of one mithq
l is equivalent to nineteen nakhuds in accordance with the specification of the Bay
Question: Concerning hunting.
Answer: He saith, exalted be He:
If ye should hunt with beM
asts or birds of prey
and so forth. Other means, such as bows and arrows, guns, and similar equipment employed in hunting, are also included. If, however, traps or snares are used, and the game dieth before it can be reached, it is unlawful for consumption.
Question: Concerning the pilgrimage.
Answer: It is an obligation to make pilgrimage to one of the two sacred Houses; but as to which, it is for the pilgrim to decide.
Question: Concerning the dowry.
Answer: Regarding dowry, the intention of M
contenting oneself with the lowest level is nineteen mithq
Question: Concerning the sacred verse:
If, however, news should reach her of her husband
Answer: With reference to waiting a
fixed number of months
a period of nine months is intended.
Question: Again inquiry hath been made about the teacher
s share of the inheritance.
Answer: Should the teacher have passed away, one-third of his share of the inheritance reverteth to the House of Justice, and the remainingM
two-thirds pass to the deceased
s, and not the teacher
Question: Again inquiry hath been made about the pilgrimage.
Answer: By pilgrimage to the sacred House, which is enjoined upon men, is intended both the Most Great House in Baghd
d and the House of the Primal Point in Sh
z; pilgrimage to either of these Houses sufficeth. They may thus make pilgrimage to whichever lieth nearer to the place where they reside.
Question: Concerning the verse:
he who would take into his service aM
maid may do so with propriety.
Answer: This is solely for service such as is performed by any other class of servants, be they young or old, in exchange for wages; such a maiden is free to choose a husband at whatever time she pleaseth, for it is forbidden either that women should be purchased, or that a man should have more wives than two.
Question: Concerning the sacred verse:
The Lord hath prohibited
the practice to which ye formerly had recourse when thrice ye had divorced a woman.
reference is to the law which previously made it necessary for another man to marry such a woman before she could again be wedded to her former husband; this practice hath been prohibited in the Kit
Question: Concerning the restoration and preservation of the two Houses in the Twin Spots, and the other sites wherein the throne hath been established.
Answer: By the two Houses is intended the Most Great House and the House of the Primal Point. As for other sites, the people of the areas where thM
ese are situated may choose to preserve either each house wherein the throne hath been established, or one of them.
Question: Again inquiry hath been made about the inheritance of the teacher.
Answer: If the teacher is not of the people of Bah
, he doth not inherit. Should there be several teachers, the share is to be divided equally amongst them. If the teacher is deceased, his offspring do not inherit his share, but rather two-thirds of it revert to the children of the owner of the estate, and the remaiM
ning one-third to the House of Justice.
Question: Concerning the residence which hath been assigned exclusively to the male offspring.
Answer: If there are several residences, the finest and noblest of these dwellings is the one intended, the remainder being distributed amongst the whole body of the heirs like any other form of property. Any heir, from whichever category of inheritors, who is outside the Faith of God is accounted as nonexistent and doth not inherit.
Question: Concerning Naw-R
Answer: The Festival of Naw-R
z falleth on the day that the sun entereth the sign of Aries,5 even should this occur no more than one minute before sunset.
Question: If the anniversary either of the Twin Birthdays or of the Declaration of the B
b occurreth during the Fast, what is to be done?
Answer: Should the feasts celebrating the Twin Birthdays or the Declaration of the B
b fall within the month of fasting, the command to fast shall not apply on that day.
Question: In the holy ordinances govM
erning inheritance, the residence and personal clothing of the deceased have been allotted to the male offspring. Doth this provision refer only to the father
s property, or doth it apply to the mother
Answer: The used clothing of the mother should be divided in equal shares among the daughters, but the remainder of her estate, including property, jewelry, and unused clothing, is to be distributed, in the manner revealed in the Kit
b-i-Aqdas, to all her heirs. If, however, the deceased hath left no daugM
hters, her estate in its entirety must be divided in the manner designated for men in the holy Text.
Question: Concerning divorce, which must be preceded by a year of patience: if only one of the parties is inclined toward conciliation, what is to be done?
Answer: According to the commandment revealed in the Kit
b-i-Aqdas, both parties must be content; unless both are willing, reunion cannot take place.
Question: In connection with the dowry, what if the bridegroom cannot pay this sum in full, buM
t instead were to formally deliver a promissory note to his bride at the time of the wedding ceremony, on the understanding that he will honor it when he is able to do so?
Answer: Permission to adopt this practice hath been granted by the Source of Authority.
Question: If during the year of patience the fragrance of affection be renewed, only to be succeeded by antipathy, and the couple waver between affection and aversion throughout the year, and the year endeth in antipathy, can divorce take place or noM
Answer: In each case at any time antipathy occurreth, the year of patience beginneth on that day, and the year must run its full course.
Question: The residence and personal clothing of the deceased have been assigned to the male, not female, offspring, nor to the other heirs; should the deceased have left no male offspring, what is to be done?
Answer: He saith, exalted be He:
Should the deceased leave no offspring, their share shall revert to the House of Justice
In conformity with this sacred verM
se, the residence and personal clothing of the deceased revert to the House of Justice.
Question: The ordinance of ?uq
h is revealed in the Kit
b-i-Aqdas. Is the residence, with the accompanying fixtures and necessary furnishings, included in the property on which ?uq
q is payable, or is it otherwise?
Answer: In the laws revealed in Persian We have ordained that in this Most Mighty Dispensation the residence and the household furnishings are exempt
that is, such furnishings as are necessary.
Question: Concerning the betrothal of a girl before maturity.
Answer: This practice hath been pronounced unlawful by the Source of Authority, and it is unlawful to announce a marriage earlier than ninety-five days before the wedding.
Question: If a person hath, for example, a hundred t
q on this sum, loseth half the sum in unsuccessful transactions and then, through trading, the amount in hand is raised again to the sum on which ?uq
must such a person pay ?uq
wer: In such an event the ?uq
Question: If, after payment of ?uq
q, this same sum of one hundred t
ns is lost in its entirety, but subsequently regained through trade and business dealings, must ?uq
q be paid a second time or not?
Answer: In this event as well, payment of ?uq
Question: With reference to the sacred verse,
God hath prescribed matrimony unto you,
is this prescription obligatory or not?
Answer: It is not obligatory.
ng that a man hath wed a certain woman believing her to be a virgin and he hath paid her the dowry, but at the time of consummation it becometh evident that she is not a virgin, are the expenses and the dowry to be repaid or not? And if the marriage had been made conditional upon virginity, doth the unfulfilled condition invalidate that which was conditioned upon it?
Answer: In such a case the expenses and the dowry may be refunded. The unfulfilled condition invalidateth that which is conditioned upon it. However,M
to conceal and forgive the matter will, in the sight of God, merit a bounteous reward.
it is enjoined upon you to offer a feast
Is this obligatory or not?
Answer: It is not obligatory.
Question: Concerning the penalties for adultery, sodomy, and theft, and the degrees thereof.
Answer: The determination of the degrees of these penalties rests with the House of Justice.
Question: Concerning the legitimacy or otherwise of marrying one
Answer: These matters likM
ewise rest with the Trustees of the House of Justice.
Question: With reference to ablutions, it hath been revealed,
Let him that findeth no water for ablution repeat five times the words
In the Name of God, the Most Pure, the Most Pure
: is it permissible to recite this verse in times of bitter cold, or if the hands or face be wounded?
Answer: Warm water may be used in times of bitter cold. If there are wounds on the face or hands, or there be other reasons such as aches and pains for which the use of M
water would be harmful, one may recite the appointed verse in place of the ablution.
Question: Is the recitation of the verse revealed to replace the Prayer of the Signs obligatory?
Answer: It is not obligatory.
Question: With reference to inheritance, when there are full brothers and full sisters, would half-brothers and half-sisters on the mother
s side also receive a share?
Answer: They receive no share.
Question: He saith, exalted be He:
Should the son of the deceased have passed aM
way in the days of his father and have left children, they will inherit their father
What is to be done if the daughter hath died during the lifetime of her father?
Answer: Her share of the inheritance should be distributed among the seven categories of heirs according to the ordinance of the Book.
Question: If the deceased be a woman, to whom is the
share of the inheritance allotted?
share of the inheritance is allotted to the husband.
Question: ConcerninM
g the shrouding of the body of the deceased which is decreed to comprise five sheets: does the five refer to five cloths which were hitherto customarily used or to five full-length shrouds wrapped one around the other?
Answer: The use of five cloths is intended.
Question: Concerning disparities between certain revealed verses.
Answer: Many Tablets were revealed and dispatched in their original form without being checked and reviewed. Consequently, as bidden, they were again read out in the Holy Presence,M
and brought into conformity with the grammatical conventions of the people in order to forestall the cavils of opponents of the Cause. Another reason for this practice is that the new style inaugurated by the Herald, may the souls of all else but Him be offered up for His sake, was seen to be marked by substantial latitude in adherence to the rules of grammar; sacred verses therefore were then revealed in a style which is for the most part in conformity with current usage for ease of understanding and concision ofM
Question: Concerning the blessed verse,
When traveling, if ye should stop and rest in some safe spot, perform ye
a single prostration in place of each unsaid Obligatory Prayer
: is this compensation for the Obligatory Prayer missed by reason of insecure circumstances, or is obligatory prayer completely suspended during travel, and doth the prostration take its place?
Answer: If, when the hour of obligatory prayer arriveth, there be no security, one should, upon arrival in safe surroundingsM
, perform a prostration in place of each Obligatory Prayer that was missed, and after the final prostration, sit cross-legged and read the designated verse. If there be a safe place, obligatory prayer is not suspended during travel.
Question: If, after a traveler hath stopped and rested it is the time for obligatory prayer, should he perform the prayer, or make the prostration in its stead?
Answer: Except in insecure circumstances omission of the Obligatory Prayer is not permissible.
, due to missed Obligatory Prayers, a number of prostrations are required, must the verse be repeated after each compensating prostration or not?
Answer: It is sufficient to recite the designated verse after the last prostration. The several prostrations do not require separate repetitions of the verse.
Question: If an Obligatory Prayer be omitted at home, is it to be compensated for by a prostration or not?
Answer: In answer to previous questions it was written:
This provision regarding the compensatiM
ng prostration applieth both at home and on a journey.
Question: If, for another purpose, one hath performed ablutions, and the time of obligatory prayer arriveth, are these ablutions sufficient or must they be renewed?
Answer: These same ablutions are sufficient, and there is no need for them to be renewed.
Question: In the Kit
b-i-Aqdas obligatory prayer hath been enjoined, consisting of nine rak
ahs, to be performed at noon, in the morning and the evening, but the Tablet of Obligatory PrayersM
6 appeareth to differ from this.
Answer: That which hath been revealed in the Kit
b-i-Aqdas concerneth a different Obligatory Prayer. Some years ago a number of the ordinances of the Kit
b-i-Aqdas including that Obligatory Prayer were, for reasons of wisdom, recorded separately and sent away together with other sacred writings, for the purposes of preservation and protection. Later these three Obligatory Prayers were revealed.
Question: In determining time, is it permissible to rely on clocks and watches?M
Answer: It is permissible to rely on clocks and watches.
Question: In the Tablet of Obligatory Prayers, three prayers are revealed; is the performance of all three required or not?
Answer: It is enjoined to offer one of these three prayers; whichever is performed sufficeth.
Question: Are ablutions for the morning prayer still valid for the noonday prayer? And similarly, are ablutions carried out at noon still valid in the evening?
Answer: Ablutions are connected with the Obligatory Prayer for M
which they are performed, and must be renewed for each prayer.
Question: Concerning the long Obligatory Prayer, it is required to stand up and
This seemeth to indicate that it is not necessary to face the Qiblih; is this so or not?
Answer: The Qiblih is intended.
Question: Concerning the sacred verse:
Recite ye the verses of God every morn and eventide.
Answer: The intention is all that hath been sent down from the Heaven of Divine Utterance. The prime requisite is the eagernM
ess and love of sanctified souls to read the Word of God. To read one verse, or even one word, in a spirit of joy and radiance, is preferable to the perusal of many Books.
Question: May a person, in drawing up his will, assign some portion of his property
beyond that which is devoted to payment of ?uq
h and the settlement of debts
to works of charity, or is he entitled to do no more than allocate a certain sum to cover funeral and burial expenses, so that the rest of his estate will be distributed inM
the manner fixed by God among the designated categories of heirs?
Answer: A person hath full jurisdiction over his property. If he is able to discharge the ?uq
h, and is free of debt, then all that is recorded in his will, and any declaration or avowal it containeth, shall be acceptable. God, verily, hath permitted him to deal with that which He hath bestowed upon him in whatever manner he may desire.
Question: Is the use of the burial ring enjoined exclusively for adults, or is it for minors as weM
Answer: It is for adults only. The Prayer for the Dead is likewise for adults.
Question: Should a person wish to fast at a time other than in the month of
, is this permissible or not; and if he hath vowed or pledged himself to such a fast, is this valid and acceptable?
Answer: The ordinance of fasting is such as hath already been revealed. Should someone pledge himself, however, to offer up a fast to God, seeking in this way the fulfillment of a wish, or to realize some other aim, this is permiM
ssible, now as heretofore. Howbeit, it is God
s wish, exalted be His glory, that vows and pledges be directed to such objectives as will profit mankind.
Question: Again a question hath been asked concerning the residence and personal clothing: are these to revert, in the absence of male offspring, to the House of Justice, or are they to be distributed like the rest of the estate?
Answer: Two-thirds of the residence and personal clothing pass to the female offspring, and one-third to the House of Justice, M
which God hath made to be the treasury of the people.
Question: If, upon completion of the year of patience, the husband refuseth to allow divorce, what course should be adopted by the wife?
Answer: When the period is ended divorce is effected. However, it is necessary that there be witnesses to the beginning and end of this period, so that they can be called upon to give testimony should the need arise.
Question: Concerning the definition of old age.
Answer: To the Arabs it denoteth the furtheM
st extremity of old age, but for the people of Bah
it is from the age of seventy.
Question: Concerning the limit of fasting for someone traveling on foot.
Answer: The limit is set at two hours. If this is exceeded, it is permissible to break the Fast.
Question: Concerning observance of the Fast by people engaged in hard labor during the month of fasting.
Answer: Such people are excused from fasting; however, in order to show respect to the law of God and for the exalted station of the Fast, it M
is most commendable and fitting to eat with frugality and in private.
Question: Do ablutions performed for the Obligatory Prayer suffice for the ninety-five repetitions of the Greatest Name?
Answer: It is unnecessary to renew the ablutions.
Question: Concerning clothes and jewelry which a husband may have purchased for his wife: are these to be distributed, after his death, amongst his heirs, or are they specially for the wife?
Answer: Aside from used clothing, whatever there may be, jewelry or M
otherwise, belongeth to the husband, except what is proven to have been gifts to the wife.
Question: Concerning the criterion of justness when proving some matter dependent on the testimony of two just witnesses.
Answer: The criterion of justness is a good reputation among the people. The testimony of all God
s servants, of whatever faith or creed, is acceptable before His Throne.
Question: If the deceased hath not settled his obligation to ?uq
h, nor paid his other debts, are these to be dM
ischarged by proportionate deductions from the residence, personal clothing and the rest of the estate, or are the residence and personal clothing set aside for the male offspring, and consequently the debts must be settled from the rest of the estate? And if the rest of the estate is insufficient for this purpose, how should the debts be settled?
Answer: Outstanding debts and payments of ?uq
q should be settled from the remainder of the estate, but if this is insufficient for the purpose, the shortfall should be M
met from his residence and personal clothing.
Question: Should the third Obligatory Prayer be offered while seated or standing?
Answer: It is preferable and more fitting to stand in an attitude of humble reverence.
Question: Concerning the first Obligatory Prayer it hath been ordained,
one should perform it at whatever time one findeth oneself in a state of humbleness and longing adoration
: is it to be performed once in twenty-four hours, or more frequently?
Answer: Once in twenty-four hours iM
s sufficient; this is that which hath been uttered by the Tongue of Divine Command.
Question: Concerning the definition of
Answer: These are sunrise, noon and sunset. The allowable times for Obligatory Prayers are from morning till noon, from noon till sunset, and from sunset till two hours thereafter. Authority is in the hand of God, the Bearer of the Two Names.
Question: Is it permissible for a believer to marry an unbeliever?
Answer: Both taking and giving in M
marriage are permissible; thus did the Lord decree when He ascended the throne of bounteousness and grace.
Question: Concerning the Prayer for the Dead: should it precede or follow the interment? And is facing the Qiblih required?
Answer: Recital of this prayer should precede interment; and as regards the Qiblih:
Whichever way ye turn, there is the face of God.
Question: At noon, which is the time for two of the Obligatory Prayers
the short midday prayer, and the prayer to be offered in the moM
rning, noon, and evening
is it necessary in this case to perform two ablutions or would one suffice?
Answer: The renewal of ablutions is unnecessary.
Question: Concerning the dowry for village dwellers which is to be of silver: is it the bride or bridegroom who is intended or both of them? And what is to be done if one is a city dweller and the other a village dweller?
Answer: The dowry is determined by the dwelling place of the bridegroom; if he be a city dweller, the dowry is of gold, and if he be a viM
llage dweller, it is of silver.
Question: What is the criterion for determining if one is a city dweller or a village dweller? If a city dweller taketh up residence in a village, or a village dweller in a city, intending to settle permanently, what ruling is applicable? Is the place of birth the deciding factor?
Answer: The criterion is permanent residence and, depending on where this is, the injunction in the Book must be observed accordingly.
Question: In the holy Tablets it hath been revealed M
that when someone acquireth the equivalent of nineteen mithq
ls of gold, he should pay the Right of God on that sum. Might it be explained how much of this nineteen should be paid?
Answer: Nineteen out of one hundred is established by the ordinance of God. Computation should be made on this basis. It may then be ascertained what amount is due on nineteen.
s wealth exceeds nineteen, is it necessary for it to increase by a further nineteen before ?uq
q is due again, or would it be due on M
Answer: Any amount added to nineteen is exempt from ?uq
q until it reacheth a further nineteen.
Question: Concerning pure water, and the point at which it is considered used.
Answer: Small quantities of water, such as one cupful, or even two or three, must be considered used after a single washing of the face and hands. But a kurr8 or more of water remaineth unchanged after one or two washings of the face, and there is no objection to its use unless it is altered in one of the three ways,9 M
for example its color is changed, in which case it should be looked upon as used.
Question: In a treatise in Persian on various questions, the age of maturity hath been set at fifteen; is marriage likewise conditional upon the reaching of maturity, or is it permissible before that time?
Answer: Since the consent of both parties is required in the Book of God, and since, before maturity, their consent or lack of it cannot be ascertained, marriage is therefore conditional upon reaching the age of maturity, M
and is not permissible before that time.
Question: Concerning fasting and obligatory prayer by the sick.
Answer: In truth, I say that obligatory prayer and fasting occupy an exalted station in the sight of God. It is, however, in a state of health that their virtue can be realized. In time of ill health it is not permissible to observe these obligations; such hath been the bidding of the Lord, exalted be His glory, at all times. Blessed be such men and women as pay heed, and observe His precepts. All praiM
se be unto God, He who hath sent down the verses and is the Revealer of undoubted proofs!
Question: Concerning mosques, chapels and temples.
Answer: Whatever hath been constructed for the worship of the one true God, such as mosques, chapels and temples, must not be used for any purpose other than the commemoration of His Name. This is an ordinance of God, and he who violateth it is verily of those who have transgressed. No harm attacheth to the builder, for he hath performed his deed for the sake of God,M
and hath received and will continue to receive his just reward.
Question: Regarding the appointments of a place of business, which are needed for carrying on one
s work or profession: are they subject to the payment of ?uq
h, or are they covered by the same ruling as the household furnishings?
Answer: They are covered by the same ruling as the household furnishings.
Question: Concerning the exchange of property held in trust for cash or other forms of property, to guard against depreciatioM
Answer: Regarding the written question on the exchange of property held in trust to guard against depreciation and loss, such exchange is permissible on condition that the substitute will be equivalent in value. Thy Lord, verily, is the Expounder, the Omniscient, and He, truly, is the Ordainer, the Ancient of Days.
Question: Concerning the washing of the feet in winter and summer.
Answer: It is the same in both cases; warm water is preferable, but there can be no objection to cold.
estion: A further question on divorce.
Answer: Since God, exalted be His glory, doth not favor divorce, nothing was revealed on this issue. However, from the beginning of the separation until the end of one year, two people or more must remain informed as witnesses; if, by the end, there is no reconciliation, divorce taketh place. This must be recorded in the registry by the religious judicial officer of the city appointed by the Trustees of the House of Justice. Observance of this procedure is essential lest thosM
e that are possessed of an understanding heart be saddened.
Question: Concerning consultation.
Answer: If consultation among the first group of people assembled endeth in disagreement, new people should be added, after which persons to the number of the Greatest Name, or fewer or more, shall be chosen by lot. Whereupon the consultation shall be renewed, and the outcome, whatever it is, shall be obeyed. If, however, there is still disagreement, the same procedure should be repeated once more, and the decisM
ion of the majority shall prevail. He, verily, guideth whomsoever He pleaseth to the right way.
Question: Concerning inheritance.
Answer: Regarding inheritance, that which the Primal Point hath ordained
may the souls of all else but Him be offered up for His sake
is well pleasing. The existing heirs should receive their allotted shares of the inheritance, while a statement of the remainder must be submitted to the Court of the Most High. In His hand is the source of authority; He ordaineth as He pleasethM
. In this regard, a law was revealed in the Land of Mystery,10 temporarily awarding the missing heirs
inheritance to the existing heirs until such time as the House of Justice shall be established, when the decree concerning this will be promulgated. The inheritance, however, of those who emigrated in the same year as the Ancient Beauty, hath been awarded to their heirs, and this is a bounty of God bestowed upon them.
Question: Concerning the law on treasure trove.
Answer: Should a treasure be found, onM
e-third thereof is the right of the discoverer, and the other two-thirds should be expended by the men of the House of Justice for the welfare of all people. This shall be done after the establishment of the House of Justice, and until that time it shall be committed to the keeping of trustworthy persons in each locality and territory. He, in truth, is the Ruler, the Ordainer, the Omniscient, the All-Informed.
Question: Concerning ?uq
q on real estate which yieldeth no profit.
Answer: The ordinance of GoM
d is that real estate which hath ceased to yield income, that is, from which no profit accrueth, is not liable to payment of ?uq
q. He, verily, is the Ruler, the Munificent.
Question: Concerning the holy verse:
In regions where the days and nights grow long, let times of prayer be gauged by clocks
Answer: The intention is those territories that are remote. In these climes, however, the difference in length is but a few hours, and therefore this ruling doth not apply.
, this holy verse hath been revealed:
Verily, We have enjoined on every son to serve his father.
Such is the decree which We have set forth in the Book.
And in another Tablet, these exalted words have been revealed: O Mu?ammad! The Ancient of Days hath turned His countenance towards thee, making mention of thee, and exhorting the people of God to educate their children. Should a father neglect this most weighty commandment laid down in the Kit
b-i-Aqdas by the Pen of the Eternal King, he shall forfeitM
rights of fatherhood, and be accounted guilty before God. Well is it with him who imprinteth on his heart the admonitions of the Lord, and steadfastly cleaveth unto them. God, in truth, enjoineth on His servants what shall assist and profit them, and enable them to draw nigh unto Him. He is the Ordainer, the Everlasting.
He is God, exalted be He, the Lord of majesty and power! The Prophets and Chosen Ones have all been commissioned by the One True God, magnified be His glory, to nurture the trees of humM
an existence with the living waters of uprightness and understanding, that there may appear from them that which God hath deposited within their inmost selves. As may be readily observed, each tree yieldeth a certain fruit, and a barren tree is but fit for fire. The purpose of these Educators, in all they said and taught, was to preserve man
s exalted station. Well is it with him who in the Day of God hath laid fast hold upon His precepts and hath not deviated from His true and fundamental Law. The fruits that bestM
befit the tree of human life are trustworthiness and godliness, truthfulness and sincerity; but greater than all, after recognition of the unity of God, praised and glorified be He, is regard for the rights that are due to one
s parents. This teaching hath been mentioned in all the Books of God, and reaffirmed by the Most Exalted Pen. Consider that which the Merciful Lord hath revealed in the Qur
n, exalted are His words:
Worship ye God, join with Him no peer or likeness; and show forth kindliness and charity toM
Observe how loving-kindness to one
s parents hath been linked to recognition of the one true God! Happy they who are endued with true wisdom and understanding, who see and perceive, who read and understand, and who observe that which God hath revealed in the Holy Books of old, and in this incomparable and wondrous Tablet.
In one of the Tablets He, exalted be His words, hath revealed: And in the matter of Zak
t, We have likewise decreed that you should follow what hath been revealed inM
Synopsis and Codification of the Laws and Ordinances of the Kit
as the Successor of Bah
h and Interpreter of His Teachings
Anticipation of the Institution of the Guardianship
The Institution of the House of Justice
Laws, Ordinances and Exhortations
Laws of Personal Status
Miscellaneous Laws, Ordinances and Exhortations
Specific Admonitions, Reproofs and WarningM
Miscellaneous Subjects
Synopsis and Codification
as the Successor of Bah
h and Interpreter of His Teachings
The faithful are enjoined to turn their faces towards the One
Whom God hath purposed, Who hath branched from this Ancient Root.
The faithful are bidden to refer whatsoever they do not understand in the Bah
Him Who hath branched from this mighty Stock.
Anticipation of the Institution of the Guardianship
The Institution of the House of Justice
The House of Justice is formally ordained.
Its functions are defined.
Its revenues are fixed.
Laws, Ordinances and Exhortations
The sublime station occupied by the Obligatory Prayers in the Bah
the One Whom God will make manifest.
The appointment made by the B
b is confirmed by Bah
h ordains His resting-place as the Qiblih after His passing.
Turning to the Qiblih is mandatory while reciting the Obligatory Prayers.
gatory Prayers are binding on men and women on attaining the age of maturity, which is fixed at 15.
Exemption from offering the Obligatory Prayers is granted to:
Those who are over 70.
Women in their courses provided they perform their ablutions and repeat a specifically revealed verse 95 times a day.
The Obligatory Prayers should be offered individually.
The choice of one of the three Obligatory Prayers is permissible.
mentioned in connection with the OM
bligatory Prayers, is meant respectively the intervals between sunrise and noon, between noon and sunset, and from sunset till two hours after sunset.
The recital of the first (long) Obligatory Prayer, once in twenty-four hours is sufficient.
It is preferable to offer the third (short) Obligatory Prayer while standing.
Ablutions must precede the recital of the Obligatory Prayers.
For every Obligatory Prayer fresh ablutions must be performed.
Should two Obligatory Prayers be offered at noon one abluM
tion for both prayers is sufficient.
If water is unavailable or its use harmful to the face or hands, the repetition, five times, of a specifically revealed verse is prescribed.
Should the weather be too cold the use of warm water is recommended.
If ablutions have been performed for other purposes, their renewal prior to the recital of the Obligatory Prayer is not required.
Ablutions are essential whether a bath has been taken previously or not.
Determining the times fixed for Prayer:
Reliance on clocks is peM
rmissible in determining the times for offering the Obligatory Prayers.
In countries situated in the extreme north or south, where the duration of days and nights varies considerably, clocks and timepieces should be relied upon, without reference to sunrise or sunset.
In case of danger, whether when traveling or not, for every Obligatory Prayer not offered a prostration and the recital of a specific verse is enjoined, to be followed by the repetition, eighteen times, of another specific verse.
yer is forbidden except the Prayer for the Dead.
The recital, in its entirety, of the Prayer for the Dead is prescribed except for those unable to read, who are commanded to repeat the six specific passages in that Prayer.
The Obligatory Prayer to be thrice repeated, three times a day, at morn, noon and evening, has been superseded by three Obligatory Prayers subsequently revealed.
The Prayer of the Signs has been annulled, and a specifically revealed verse substituted for it. The recital of this verse is not hoM
Hair, sable, bones and the like do not nullify one
The sublime station occupied by fasting in the Bah
The period of fasting commences with the termination of the Intercalary Days, and ends with the Naw-R
Abstinence from food and drink, from sunrise to sunset, is obligatory.
Fasting is binding on men and women on attaining the age of maturity, which is fixed at 15.
Exemption from fasting is granted to:
Provided the journey exceeds 9 hoM
Those traveling on foot, provided the journey exceeds 2 hours.
Those who break their journey for less than 19 days.
Those who break their journey during the Fast at a place where they are to stay 19 days are exempt from fasting only for the first three days from their arrival.
Those who reach home during the Fast must commence fasting from the day of their arrival.
Those who are over 70.
Women who are with child.
Women who are nursing.
Women in their courses, provided they perform tM
heir ablutions and repeat a specifically revealed verse 95 times a day.
Those who are engaged in heavy labor, who are advised to show respect for the law by using discretion and restraint when availing themselves of the exemption.
Vowing to fast (in a month other than the one prescribed for fasting) is permissible. Vows which profit mankind are however preferable in the sight of God.
Laws of Personal Status
Marriage is highly recommended but not obligatory.
Plurality of wives is forbidden.
is conditioned upon both parties having attained the age of maturity which is fixed at 15.
Marriage is conditioned on the consent of both parties and their parents, whether the woman be a maiden or not.
It is incumbent upon both parties to recite a specifically revealed verse indicating their being content with the will of God.
s stepmother is forbidden.
All matters related to marriage with one
s kindred are to be referred to the House of Justice.
Marriage with unbelievers is permitted.
The period of engagement must not exceed 95 days.
It is unlawful to become engaged to a girl before she reaches the age of maturity.
Marriage is conditioned on payment of a dowry.
The dowry is fixed at 19 mithq
ls of pure gold for city dwellers, and 19 mithq
ls of silver for village dwellers, depending on the permanent residence of the husband, and not of the wife.
It is forbidden to pay more than 95 mithq
It is preferable that a man content himself with the payment of 19 mithq
If the full payment of dowry is not possible the issue of a promissory note is permissible.
Should either party, following the recital of the specifically revealed verse and the payment of the dowry, take a dislike to the other before the marriage is consummated, the period of waiting is not necessary prior to a divorce. The taking back of the dowry, however, is not permitted.
The husband must fix for his wife the time of his return when intending to travel. If, for a legitimate reason, he is prevented frM
om returning at the appointed time, he must inform her and strive to return to her. If he fails to fulfill either condition, she must wait 9 months, after which she may remarry, though it is preferable for her to wait longer. If news of his death or murder reaches her, and the news is confirmed by general report or by 2 reliable witnesses, she may remarry after the lapse of 9 months.
If the husband departs without informing his wife of the date of his return, and is aware of the law prescribed in the Kit
, the wife may remarry after waiting a full year. If the husband is unaware of this law, the wife must wait until news of her husband reaches her.
Should the husband, after the payment of the dowry, discover that the wife is not a virgin, the refund of the dowry and of the expenses incurred may be demanded.
If the marriage has been conditioned on virginity the refund of the dowry and of the expenses incurred may be demanded and the marriage invalidated. To conceal the matter, however, is highly meritorious in theM
Divorce is strongly condemned.
If antipathy or resentment develop on the part of either the husband or the wife, divorce is permissible, only after the lapse of one full year. The beginning and end of the year of waiting must be testified by two or more witnesses. The act of divorce should be registered by the judicial officer representing the House of Justice. Intercourse during this period of waiting is forbidden, and whoever breaks this law must repent and pay the House of Justice 19 mM
A further period of waiting after divorce has taken place is not required.
The wife who is to be divorced as a result of her unfaithfulness forfeits the payment of the expenses during the waiting period.
Remarrying the wife whom one has divorced is permissible, provided she has not married another person. If she has, she must be divorced before her former husband can remarry her.
If at any time during the waiting period affection should recur, the marriage tie is valid. If this reconciliation iM
s followed by estrangement and divorce is again desired, a new year of waiting will have to be commenced.
Should differences arise between husband and wife while traveling, he is required to send her home, or entrust her to a dependable person, who will escort her there, paying her journey and her full year
Should a wife insist on divorcing her husband rather than migrate to another country, the year of waiting is to be counted from the time they separate, either while he is preparing to leave, or upoM
The Islamic law regarding remarriage with the wife whom one has previously divorced is abrogated.
Inheritance falls into the following categories:
1. children 1,080 out of 2,520 shares
2. husband or wife 390 ? 2,520 ?
3. father 330 ? 2,520 ?
4. mother 270 ? 2,520 ?
5. brother 210 ? 2,520 ?
6. sister 150 ? 2,520 ?
7. teacher 90 ? 2,520 ?
The share of the children, as allotted by the B
b, is doubled by Bah
h, and an equal portion correspondingly reduced from each M
of the remaining beneficiaries.
In cases where there is no issue the share of the children reverts to the House of Justice to be expended on orphans and widows and for whatever will profit mankind.
If the son of the deceased be dead and leave issue, these will inherit the share of their father. If the daughter of the deceased be dead and leave issue, her share will have to be divided into the seven categories specified in the Most Holy Book.
Should one leave offspring but either part or all of the other categM
ories of inheritors be nonexistent, two-thirds of their shares reverts to the offspring and one-third to the House of Justice.
Should none of the specified beneficiaries exist, two-thirds of the inheritance reverts to the nephews and nieces of the deceased. If these do not exist, the same share reverts to the aunts and uncles; lacking these, to their sons and daughters. In any case the remaining third reverts to the House of Justice.
Should one leave none of the aforementioned heirs, the entire inheritance revertM
s to the House of Justice.
The residence and the personal clothing of the deceased father pass to the male not to the female offspring. If there be several residences the principal and most important one passes to the male offspring. The remaining residences will together with the other possessions of the deceased have to be divided among the heirs. If there be no male offspring two-thirds of the principal residence and the personal clothing of the deceased father will revert to the female issue and one-third to tM
he House of Justice. In the case of the deceased mother all her used clothing is to be equally divided amongst her daughters. Her unworn clothing, jewels and property must be divided among her heirs, as well as her used clothing if she leaves no daughter.
Should the children of the deceased be minors their share should either be entrusted to a reliable person or to a company for purposes of investment, until they attain the age of maturity. A share of the interest accrued should be assigned to the trustee.
heritance should not be divided until after the payment of the ?uq
h (The Right of God), of any debts contracted by the deceased and of any expenses incurred for a befitting funeral and burial.
If the brother of the deceased is from the same father he will inherit his full allotted share. If he is from another father he will inherit only two-thirds of his share, the remaining one-third reverting to the House of Justice. The same law is applicable to the sister of the deceased.
In case there are full brotherM
s or full sisters, brothers and sisters from the mother
s side do not inherit.
teacher does not inherit. If there should be more than one teacher, the share allotted to the teacher is to be equally divided among them.
heirs do not inherit.
s used clothing and gifts of jewelry or otherwise which have been proven to have been given her by her husband, whatever the husband has purchased for his wife are to be considered as the husband
s possessions to be divided among hisM
Any person is at liberty to will his possessions as he sees fit provided he makes provisions for the payment of ?uq
h and the discharge of his debts.
Miscellaneous Laws, Ordinances and Exhortations
Miscellaneous Laws and Ordinances:
The Nineteen Day Feast
The Intercalary Days
Engaging in a trade or profession is made obligatoM
ry and is exalted to the rank of worship
Obedience to government
Education of children
The writing of a testament
Repetition of the Greatest Name 95 times a day
The hunting of animals
Treatment of female servants
The finding of lost property
Disposition of treasure trove
Disposal of objects held in trust
Definition of just witnesses
Interpretation of the Holy Writ
Congregational prayer, except for the dead
Carrying arms unless essential
Use of public pools in Persian baths
Entering a house without the owner
Striking or wounding a person
Contention and conflict
Muttering sacred verses in the street
beyond the lobe of the ear
Abrogation of specific laws and ordinances of previous Dispensations, which prescribed:
Destruction of books
Prohibition of the wearing of silk
Prohibition of the use of gold and silver utensils
Limitation of travel
Offering priceless gifts to the Founder of the Faith
Prohibition on questioning the Founder of the Faith
Prohibition against remarrying one
Penalizing whoever causes sadness to his neighbor
Prohibition of music
Limitations upon one
Uncleanliness of divers objects and peoples
Uncleanliness of semen
Uncleanliness of certain objects for purposes of prostration
Miscellaneous Exhortations:
To associate with the followers of all religions with fellowship
Not to wish for others what one does not wish for one
To teach and propagate the Faith after the ascension of its Founder
To assist those who arise to promote the Faith
Not to depart from the Writings or to be misled by those who do
To refer to the Holy WrM
it when differences arise
s self in the study of the Teachings
s idle fancies and vain imaginations
To recite the holy verses at morn and at eventide
To recite the holy verses melodiously
s children to chant the holy verses in the Mashriqu
To study such arts and sciences as benefit mankind
To take counsel together
Not to be indulgent in carrying out the statutes of God
To repent to God of one
s self through good deeds
To be righteous and fear God
To be tactful and wise
To be absolutely submissive to the Will of God
Not to stir up mischief
Not to be hypocritical
Not to contend with one
Not to lament in adversity
Not to contend with those in authority
To be closely united
To consult competent physicians when ill
To respond to invitations
To show kindness to the kindred of the Founder of the Faith
To study languages for the furtherance of the Faith
To further the development of cities and countries for the glorification of the Faith
To restore and preserve the sites associated with the Founders of the Faith
To be the essence of cleanliness:
To bathe in clean water
To wash soiled things in clean water
To be stainless in one
To renew the furnishings of one
Specific Admonitions, Reproofs and Warnings
The entire human race
Crowned heads of the world
The concourse of ecclesiastics
The Rulers of America and Presidents of the Republics therein
William I, King of Prussia
Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria
The people of the Bay
Members of parliaments throughout the world
Miscellaneous Subjects
The transcendent character of the M
The exalted station of the Author of the Faith
The supreme importance of the Kit
The doctrine of the
Most Great Infallibility
The twin duties of recognition of the Manifestation and observance of His Laws, and their inseparability
The end of all learning is the recognition of Him Who is the Object of all knowledge
The blessedness of those who have recognized the fundamental verity
He shall not be asked of His doings
The revolutionizing effect of the
The selection of a single language and the adoption of a common script for all on earth to use: one of two signs of the maturity of the human race
He Whom God will make manifest
Prediction relating to opposition to the Faith
Eulogy of the king who will profess the Faith and arise to serve it
The instability of human affairs
The meaning of true liberty
The merit of all deeds is dependent upon God
The importance of love for God as the motive of obedM
The importance of utilizing material means
Eulogy of the learned among the people of Bah
Assurance of forgiveness to M
Apostrophe addressed to ?ihr
Apostrophe addressed to Constantinople and its people
Apostrophe addressed to the
Condemnation of those who lay false claim to esoteric knowledge
Condemnation of those who allow pride in their learning to debar them from God
Prophecies relating to Khur
Prophecies relating to Kirm
ion to Shaykh A?mad-i-A?s
Allusion to the Sifter of Wheat
Condemnation of Shaykh Mu?ammad-?asan
Allusion to Napoleon III
Allusion to Siyyid Mu?ammad-i-I?fah
Assurance of aid to all those who arise to serve the Faith
1. the sweet-smelling savor of My garment
This is an allusion to the story of Joseph in the Qur
n and the Old Testament, in which Joseph
s garment, brought by his brothers to Jacob, their father, enabled Jacob to identiM
fy his beloved long-lost son. The metaphor of the fragrant
is frequently used in the Bah
Writings to refer to the recognition of the Manifestation of God and His Revelation.
h, in one of His Tablets, describes Himself as the
for the most paltry of prices.
and forecasts the ordeals that He would endure at the hands of His treacherous brother (see note 190M
). Likewise, Shoghi Effendi draws a parallel between the intense jealousy which the preeminence of
had aroused in His half-brother, M
, and the deadly envy
which the superior excellence of Joseph had kindled in the hearts of his brothers.
2. We have unsealed the choice Wine with the fingers of might and power.
The consumption of wine and other intoxicants is prohibited in the Kit
b-i-Aqdas (see notes 144 and 170).
Reference to the use of
in an allegorical sense
being the cause of spiritual ecstasy
is found, not only in the Revelation of Bah
h, but in the Bible, in the Qur
n, and in ancient Hindu traditions.
For example, in the Qur
n the righteous are promised that they will be given to drink of the
In His Tablets, Bah
with His Revelation whose
musk-laden fragrance
upon all created things.
He states that He has
thereby disclosing spiritual truths that were hitheM
rto unknown, and enabling those who quaff thereof to
discern the splendors of the light of divine unity
grasp the essential purpose underlying the Scriptures of God.
In one of His meditations, Bah
h entreats God to supply the believers with
the choice Wine of Thy mercy, that it may cause them to be forgetful of anyone except Thee, and to arise to serve Thy Cause, and to be steadfast in their love for Thee.
3. We have enjoined obligatory prayer upon you
In Arabic, there are several words fM
or prayer. The word
which appears here in the original, refers to a particular category of prayers, the recitation of which at specific times of the day is enjoined on the believers. To differentiate this category of prayers from other kinds, the word has been translated as
obligatory prayer and fasting occupy an exalted station in the sight of God
affirms that such prayers are
conducive to humility and submissiveness, to setting one
face towards God and expressing devotion to Him,
and that through these prayers
man holdeth communion with God, seeketh to draw near unto Him, converseth with the true Beloved of his heart, and attaineth spiritual stations.
The Obligatory Prayer (see note 9) referred to in this verse has been superseded by the three Obligatory Prayers later revealed by Bah
h (Q&A 63). The texts of the three prayers currently in use, together with instructions regarding their recital, are to be found in this volume in SomM
e Texts Supplementary to the Kit
A number of the items in Questions and Answers deal with aspects of the three new Obligatory Prayers. Bah
h clarifies that the individual is permitted to choose any one of the three Obligatory Prayers (Q&A 65). Other provisions are elucidated in Questions and Answers, numbers 66, 67, 81, and 82.
The details of the law concerning obligatory prayer are summarized in section IV.A.1.
17. of the Synopsis and Codification.
on of specifically revealed verses accompanied by a prescribed set of genuflections and other movements.
The Obligatory Prayer originally enjoined by Bah
h upon His followers consisted of nine rak
ahs. The precise nature of this prayer and the specific instructions for its recitation are unknown, as the prayer has been lost. (See note 9.)
In a Tablet commenting on the presently binding Obligatory Prayers,
in every word and movement of the Obligatory Prayer there are allusions, mM
ysteries and a wisdom that man is unable to comprehend, and letters and scrolls cannot contain.
Shoghi Effendi explains that the few simple directions given by Bah
h for the recital of certain prayers not only have a spiritual significance but that they also help the individual
to fully concentrate when praying and meditating.
5. at noon and in the morning and the evening
Regarding the definition of the words
at which times the currently binding medium Obligatory PrM
ayer is to be recited, Bah
h has stated that these coincide with
sunrise, noon and sunset
(Q&A 83). He specifies that the
allowable times for Obligatory Prayers are from morning till noon, from noon till sunset, and from sunset till two hours thereafter.
has stated that the morning Obligatory Prayer may be said as early as dawn.
from noon till sunset
applies to the recitation of the short Obligatory Prayer as well as the medium one.
have relieved you of a greater number
The requirements for obligatory prayer called for in the B
and Islamic Dispensations were more demanding than those for the performance of the Obligatory Prayer consisting of nine rak
ahs that was prescribed in the Kit
b-i-Aqdas (see note 4).
b prescribed an Obligatory Prayer consisting of nineteen rak
ahs which was to be performed once in a twenty-four-hour period
from noon of one day to noon of the next.
The Muslim prayer is recited five times a dM
ay, namely, in the early morning, at midday, in the afternoon and evening, and at night. While the number of rak
ahs varies according to the time of recitation, a total of seventeen rak
ahs are offered in the course of a day.
7. When ye desire to perform this prayer, turn ye towards the Court of My Most Holy Presence, this Hallowed Spot that God hath
decreed to be the Point of Adoration for the denizens of the Cities of Eternity
that is, the point to which the worshiper should turM
n when offering obligatory prayer, is called the Qiblih. The concept of Qiblih has existed in previous religions. Jerusalem in the past had been fixed for this purpose. Mu?ammad changed the Qiblih to Mecca. The B
s instructions in the Arabic Bay
The Qiblih is indeed He Whom God will make manifest; whenever He moveth, it moveth, until He shall come to rest.
This passage is quoted by Bah
137) and confirmed by Him in the above-noted verse. He has also indicated that facinM
g in the direction of the Qiblih is a
fixed requirement for the recitation of obligatory prayer
(Q&A 14 and 67). However, for other prayers and devotions the individual may face in any direction.
8. and when the Sun of Truth and Utterance shall set, turn your faces towards the Spot that We have ordained for you
h ordains His resting-place as the Qiblih after His passing. The Most Holy Tomb is at Bahj
describes that Spot as the
the place around which circuM
mambulate the Concourse on high.
In a letter written on his behalf, Shoghi Effendi uses the analogy of the plant turning in the direction of the sun to explain the spiritual significance of turning towards the Qiblih:
just as the plant stretches out to the sunlight
from which it receives life and growth
so we turn our hearts to the Manifestation of God, Bah
to where His dust lies on this earth as a symbol of the inner act.
9. We have set forth the details of obM
ligatory prayer in another Tablet.
The original Obligatory Prayer had
for reasons of wisdom
been revealed by Bah
h in a separate Tablet (Q&A 63). It was not released to the believers in His lifetime, having been superseded by the three Obligatory Prayers now in use.
Shortly after the Ascension of Bah
h, the text of this prayer, along with a number of other Tablets, was stolen by Mu?ammad-
, the Arch-breaker of His Covenant.
10. the Prayer for the Dead
The Prayer for the Dead (see Some TM
exts Supplementary to the Kit
b-i-Aqdas) is the only Bah
obligatory prayer which is to be recited in congregation; it is to be recited by one believer while all present stand in silence (see note 19). Bah
h has clarified that the Prayer for the Dead is required only when the deceased is an adult (Q&A 70), that the recital should precede the interment of the deceased, and that there is no requirement to face the Qiblih when saying this prayer (Q&A 85).
Further details concerning the Prayer for the Dead areM
summarized in the Synopsis and Codification, section IV.A. 13.
11. six specific passages have been sent down by God, the Revealer of Verses
The passages that form part of the Prayer for the Dead comprise the repetition of the greeting
(God is the All-Glorious) six times, each followed by nineteen repetitions of one of six specifically revealed verses. These verses are identical with those in the Prayer for the Dead revealed by the B
h added a supplication to precM
12. Hair doth not invalidate your prayer, nor aught from which the spirit hath departed, such as bones and the like. Ye are free to wear the fur of the sable as ye would that of the beaver, the squirrel, and other animals
In some earlier religious Dispensations, the wearing of the hair of certain animals or having certain other objects on one
s person was held to invalidate one
h here confirms the B
s pronouncement in the Arabic Bay
n that such things do not invalidaM
13. We have commanded you to pray and fast from the beginning of maturity
age of maturity with respect to religious duties
fifteen for both men and women
(Q&A 20). For details of the period of fasting, see note 25.
14. He hath exempted from this those who are weak from illness or age
The exemption of those who are weak due to illness or advanced age from offering the Obligatory Prayers and from fasting is explained in Questions and Answers. Bah
h indicates that in
time of ill health it is not permissible to observe these obligations
(Q&A 93). He defines old age, in this context, as being from seventy (Q&A 74). In answer to a question, Shoghi Effendi has clarified that people who attain the age of seventy are exempt, whether or not they are weak.
Exemption from fasting is also granted to the other specific categories of people listed in the Synopsis and Codification, section IV.B.5. See notes 20, 30 and 31 for additional discussion.
ted you leave to prostrate yourselves on any surface that is clean, for We have removed in this regard the limitation that had been laid down in the Book
The requirements of prayer in previous Dispensations have often included prostration. In the Arabic Bay
b called upon the believers to lay their foreheads on surfaces of crystal when prostrating. Similarly, in Isl
m, certain restrictions are imposed with regard to the surface on which Muslims are permitted to prostrate. Bah
h abrogates such restM
rictions and simply specifies
any surface that is clean.
16. Let him that findeth no water for ablution repeat five times the words
In the Name of God, the Most Pure, the Most Pure,
and then proceed to his devotions.
Ablutions are to be performed by the believer in preparation for the offering of obligatory prayer. They consist of washing the hands and face. If water is unavailable, the repetition five times of the specifically revealed verse is prescribed. See note 34 for a general discussion of ablutiM
Antecedents in earlier Dispensations for the provision of substitute procedures to be followed when no water is available are found in the Qur
n and in the Arabic Bay
17. In regions where the days and nights grow long, let times of prayer be gauged by clocks and other instruments that mark the passage of the hours.
This refers to territories situated in the extreme north or south, where the duration of days and nights varies markedly (Q&A 64 and 103). This provision applies also to fasting.
We have absolved you from the requirement of performing the Prayer of the Signs.
The Prayer of the Signs is a special form of Muslim obligatory prayer that was ordained to be said in times of natural events, like earthquakes, eclipses, and other such phenomena, which may cause fear and are taken to be signs or acts of God. The requirement of performing this prayer has been annulled. In its place a Bah
s, the Lord of the seen and the unseen, the Lord of creation,
19. Save in the Prayer for the Dead, the practice of congregational prayer hath been annulled.
Congregational prayer, in the sense of formal obligatory prayer which is to be recited in accordance with a prescribed ritual as, for example, is the custom in Isl
m where Friday prayer in the mosque is led by an im
m, has been annulled in the Bah
Dispensation. The Prayer for the Dead (see note 10) is the only congregational prayer prescribed by Bah
law. It is to be recited by one of thosM
e present while the remainder of the party stands in silence; the reader has no special status. The congregation is not required to face the Qiblih (Q&A 85).
The three daily Obligatory Prayers are to be recited individually, not in congregation.
There is no prescribed way for the recital of the many other Bah
prayers, and all are free to use such non-obligatory prayers in gatherings or individually as they please. In this regard, Shoghi Effendi states that
although the friends are thus left free to follow M
their own inclination
they should take the utmost care that any manner they practice should not acquire too rigid a character, and thus develop into an institution. This is a point which the friends should always bear in mind, lest they deviate from the clear path indicated by the Teachings.
20. God hath exempted women who are in their courses from obligatory prayer and fasting.
Exemption from obligatory prayer and fasting is granted to women who are menstruating; they should, instead, perform their ablutM
ions (see note 34) and repeat 95 times a day between one noon and the next, the verse
Glorified be God, the Lord of Splendor and Beauty.
This provision has its antecedent in the Arabic Bay
n, where a similar dispensation was granted.
In some earlier religious Dispensations, women in their courses were considered ritually unclean and were forbidden to observe the duties of prayer and fasting. The concept of ritual uncleanness has been abolished by Bah
The Universal House of Justice has clM
arified that the provisions in the Kit
b-i-Aqdas granting exemptions from certain duties and responsibilities are, as the word indicates, exemptions and not prohibitions. Any believer is, therefore, free to avail himself or herself of an applicable exemption if he or she so wishes. However, the House of Justice counsels that, in deciding whether to do so or not, the believer should use wisdom and realize that Bah
h has granted these exemptions for good reason.
The prescribed exemption from obligatory prayer,M
originally related to the Obligatory Prayer consisting of nine rak
ahs, is now applicable to the three Obligatory Prayers which superseded it.
21. When traveling, if ye should stop and rest in some safe spot, perform ye
a single prostration in place of each unsaid Obligatory Prayer
Exemption from obligatory prayer is granted to those who find themselves in such a condition of insecurity that the saying of the Obligatory Prayers is not possible. The exemption applies whether one is traveM
ling or at home, and it provides a means whereby Obligatory Prayers which have remained unsaid on account of these insecure circumstances may be compensated for.
h has made it clear that obligatory prayer
is not suspended during travel
so long as one can find a
in which to perform it (Q&A 58).
Numbers 21, 58, 59, 60, and 61 in Questions and Answers amplify this provision.
22. Upon completing your prostrations, seat yourselves cross-legged
The Arabic expression
It has traditionally signified a cross-legged position.
23. Say: God hath made My hidden love the key to the Treasure
There is a well-known Islamic tradition concerning God and His creation:
I was a Hidden Treasure. I wished to be made known, and thus I called creation into being in order that I might be known.
References and allusions to this tradition are found throughout the Bah
Writings. For example, in one of His prayers, Bah
Lauded be Thy name, O Lord my God! I testify that Thou wast a hidden Treasure wrapped within Thine immemorial Being and an impenetrable Mystery enshrined in Thine own Essence. Wishing to reveal Thyself, Thou didst call into being the Greater and the Lesser Worlds, and didst choose Man above all Thy creatures, and didst make Him a sign of both of these worlds, O Thou Who art our Lord, the Most Compassionate!
Thou didst raise Him up to occupy Thy throne before all the people of Thy creation. Thou diM
dst enable Him to unravel Thy mysteries, and to shine with the lights of Thine inspiration and Thy Revelation, and to manifest Thy names and Thine attributes. Through Him Thou didst adorn the preamble of the book of Thy creation, O Thou Who art the Ruler of the universe Thou hast fashioned! (Prayers and Meditations by Bah
Likewise, in the Hidden Words, He states:
O Son of Man! I loved thy creation, hence I created thee. Wherefore, do thou love Me, that I may name thy name and fill thy soul wM
ith the Spirit of life.
, in His commentary on the above-cited tradition, wrote:
O wayfarer in the path of the Beloved! Know thou that the main purpose of this holy tradition is to make mention of the stages of God
s concealment and manifestation within the Embodiments of Truth, They who are the Dawning-places of His All-Glorious Being. For example, before the flame of the undying fire is lit and manifest, it existeth by itself within itself in the hidden identity of the universal Manifestations, M
and this is the stage of the
And when the blessed Tree is kindled by itself within itself, and that Divine fire burneth by its essence within its essence, this is the stage of
I wished to be made known.
And when it shineth forth from the Horizon of the universe with infinite Divine Names and Attributes upon the contingent and placeless worlds, this constituteth the emergence of a new and wondrous creation which correspondeth to the stage of
Thus I called creation into being.
tified souls rend asunder the veils of all earthly attachments and worldly conditions, and hasten to the stage of gazing on the beauty of the Divine Presence and are honored by recognizing the Manifestation and are able to witness the splendor of God
s Most Great Sign in their hearts, then will the purpose of creation, which is the knowledge of Him Who is the Eternal Truth, become manifest.
24. O Pen of the Most High!
Pen of the Most High,
the Most Exalted Pen
are references to BM
h, illustrating His function as Revealer of the Word of God.
25. We have enjoined upon you fasting during a brief period
Fasting and obligatory prayer constitute the two pillars that sustain the revealed Law of God. Bah
h in one of His Tablets affirms that He has revealed the laws of obligatory prayer and fasting so that through them the believers may draw nigh unto God.
Shoghi Effendi indicates that the fasting period, which involves complete abstention from food and drink from sunrise tillM
essentially a period of meditation and prayer, of spiritual recuperation, during which the believer must strive to make the necessary readjustments in his inner life, and to refresh and reinvigorate the spiritual forces latent in his soul. Its significance and purpose are, therefore, fundamentally spiritual in character. Fasting is symbolic, and a reminder of abstinence from selfish and carnal desires.
Fasting is enjoined on all the believers once they attain the age of 15 and until they reach thM
A summary of the detailed provisions concerning the law of fasting and of the exemptions granted to certain categories of people is contained in the Synopsis and Codification, section IV.B.1.
6. For a discussion of the exemptions from fasting see notes 14, 20, 30 and 31.
The nineteen-day period of fasting coincides with the Bah
20 March, immediately after the termination of the Intercalary Days (see notes 27 and 147), and is followed by the feast of Naw-R
26. and at its close have designated for you Naw-R
b introduced a new calendar, known now as the Bad
calendar (see notes 27 and 147). According to this calendar, a day is the period from sunset to sunset. In the Bay
b ordained the month of
to be the month of fasting, decreed that the day of Naw-R
z should mark the termination of that period, and designated Naw-R
z as the Day of God. Bah
calendar wherein Naw-R
z is the first day of the new year. It coincides with the spring equinox in the Northern Hemisphere, which usually occurs on 21 March. Bah
h explains that this feast day is to be celebrated on whatever day the sun passes into the constellation of Aries (i.e. the vernal equinox), even should this occur one minute before sunset (Q&A 35). Hence Naw-R
z could fall on 20, 21, or 22 March, depending on the time of the equinox.
h has left the details of many laws to be filled in by the UnM
iversal House of Justice. Among these are a number of matters affecting the Bah
calendar. The Guardian has stated that the implementation, worldwide, of the law concerning the timing of Naw-R
z will require the choice of a particular spot on earth which will serve as the standard for the fixing of the time of the spring equinox. He also indicated that the choice of this spot has been left to the decision of the Universal House of Justice.2
27. Let the days in excess of the months be placed before the month ofM
calendar is based on the solar year of 365 days, 5 hours, and 50 odd minutes. The year consists of 19 months of 19 days each (i.e. 361 days), with the addition of four extra days (five in a leap year). The B
b did not specifically define the place for the intercalary days in the new calendar. The Kit
b-i-Aqdas resolves this question by assigning the
days a fixed position in the calendar immediately preceding the month of
, the period of fasting. For further details see the secM
calendar in The Bah
World, volume XVIII.
28. We have ordained that these
shall be the manifestations of the letter H
), the Intercalary Days have the distinction of being associated with
The abjad numerical value of this Arabic letter is five, which corresponds to the potential number of intercalary days.
has been given several spiritual meanings in the Holy Writings, among which is as a symbol of the Essence oM
29. these days of giving that precede the season of restraint.
h enjoined upon His followers to devote these days to feasting, rejoicing and charity. In a letter written on Shoghi Effendi
s behalf it is explained that
the intercalary days are specially set aside for hospitality, the giving of gifts, etc.
not bound by the Fast
The minimum duration of a journey which exempts the believer from fasting is defined by Bah
h (Q&A 22 and 75). The details of this pM
rovision are summarized in the Synopsis and Codification, section IV.B.5.a.i.
Shoghi Effendi has clarified that while travelers are exempt from fasting, they are free to fast if they so wish. He also indicated that the exemption applies during the whole period of one
s travel, not just the hours one is in a train or car, etc.
31. The traveler, the ailing, those who are with child or giving suck, are not bound by the Fast; they have been exempted by God as a token of His grace.
Exemption from fasting is M
granted to those who are ill or of advanced age (see note 14), women in their courses (see note 20), travelers (see note 30) and to women who are pregnant and those who are nursing. This exemption is also extended to people who are engaged in heavy labor, who, at the same time, are advised
to show respect to the law of God and for the exalted station of the Fast
with frugality and in private
(Q&A 76). Shoghi Effendi has indicated that the types of work which would exempt people from the Fast will be dM
efined by the Universal House of Justice.
32. Abstain from food and drink from sunrise to sundown
This relates to the period of fasting. In one of His Tablets,
, after stating that fasting consists of abstinence from food and drink, further indicates that smoking is a form of
In Arabic the verb
applies equally to smoking.
33. It hath been ordained that every believer in God
ninety-five times.
is an Arabic phrase meM
God the All-Glorious.
It is a form of the Greatest Name of God (see note 137). In Isl
m there is a tradition that among the many names of God, one was the greatest; however, the identity of this Greatest Name was hidden. Bah
h has confirmed that the Greatest Name is
The various derivatives of the word
are also regarded as the Greatest Name. Shoghi Effendi
s secretary writing on his behalf explains that
The Greatest Name is the Name of Bah
O Thou Glory of Glories!
is a greeting which means:
God the All-Glorious.
h. By Greatest Name is meant that Bah
h has appeared in God
s Greatest Name, in other words, that He is the supreme Manifestation of God.
was adopted during the period of Bah
s exile in Adrianople.
ninety-five times is to be preceded by the performance of ablutions (see note 34).
the Obligatory Prayer
Ablutions are specifically associated with certain prayers. They must precede the offering of the three Obligatory Prayers, the daily recitation of
ninety-five times, and the recital of the verse prescribed as an alternative to obligatory prayer and fasting for women in their courses (see note 20).
The prescribed ablutions consist of washing the hands and the face in preparation for prayer. In the case of the medium Obligatory Prayer, this is accompanied by the recitationM
of certain verses (see Some Texts Revealed by Bah
h Supplementary to the Kit
That ablutions have a significance beyond washing may be seen from the fact that even should one have bathed oneself immediately before reciting the Obligatory Prayer, it would still be necessary to perform ablutions (Q&A 18).
When no water is available for ablutions, a prescribed verse is to be repeated five times (see note 16), and this provision is extended to those for whom the use of water would be physically harmM
The detailed provisions of the law concerning ablutions are set out in the Synopsis and Codification, section IV.A.10.a.
g., as well as in Questions and Answers numbers 51, 62, 66, 77 and 86.
35. Ye have been forbidden to commit murder
The prohibition against taking another
s life is repeated by Bah
h in paragraph 73 of the Kit
b-i-Aqdas. Penalties are prescribed for premeditated murder (see note 86). In the case of manslaughter, it is necessary to pay a specified indemnity to the familM
y of the deceased (see Kit
here translated as
signifies both fornication and adultery. It applies not only to sexual relations between a married person and someone who is not his or her spouse, but also to extramarital sexual intercourse in general. One form of
is rape. The only penalty prescribed by Bah
h is for those who commit fornication (see note 77); penalties for other kinds of sexual offense are left to the Universal M
House of Justice to determine.
37. backbiting or calumny
Backbiting, slander and dwelling on the faults of others have been repeatedly condemned by Bah
h. In the Hidden Words, He clearly states:
O Son of Being! How couldst thou forget thine own faults and busy thyself with the faults of others? Whoso doeth this is accursed of Me.
O Son of Man! Breathe not the sins of others so long as thou art thyself a sinner. Shouldst thou transgress this command, accursed wouldst thou be, and to this M
This strong admonition is further reiterated in His last work,
the Book of My Covenant
Verily I say, the tongue is for mentioning what is good, defile it not with unseemly talk. God hath forgiven what is past. Henceforward everyone should utter that which is meet and seemly, and should refrain from slander, abuse and whatever causeth sadness in men.
38. We have divided inheritance into seven categories
laws of inheritance apply only in case of intestacy, that is, when the inM
dividual dies without leaving a will. In the Kit
h instructs every believer to write a will. He elsewhere clearly states that the individual has full jurisdiction over his property and is free to determine the manner in which his or her estate is to be divided and to designate, in the will, those, whether Bah
, who should inherit (Q&A 69). In this connection, a letter written on behalf of Shoghi Effendi explains that:
is permitted in his will to dM
ispose of his wealth in the way he wishes, yet he is morally and conscientiously bound to always bear in mind, while writing his will, the necessity of his upholding the principle of Bah
h regarding the social function of wealth, and the consequent necessity of avoiding its overaccumulation and concentration in a few individuals or groups of individuals.
This verse of the Aqdas introduces a lengthy passage in which Bah
h elaborates the Bah
law of inheritance. In reading this passage one should beaM
r in mind that the law is formulated with the presumption that the deceased is a man; its provisions apply, mutatis mutandis, when the deceased is a woman.
The system of inheritance which provides for distribution of the deceased
s estate among seven categories of heirs (children, spouse, father, mother, brothers, sisters, and teachers) is based on the provisions set out by the B
n. The major features of the Bah
laws of inheritance in the case of intestacy are:
If the deceased is a father and his M
estate includes a personal residence, such residence passes to the eldest son (Q&A 34).
If the deceased has no male descendants, two-thirds of the residence pass to his female descendants and the remaining third passes to the House of Justice (Q&A 41, 72). See note 42 concerning the levels of the institution of the House of Justice to which this law applies. (See also note 44.)
The remainder of the estate is divided among the seven categories of heirs. For details of the number of shares to be received by each grM
oup, see Questions and Answers, number 5, and Synopsis and Codification, section IV.C.3.a.
In case there is more than one heir in any category the share allotted to that class should be divided between them equally, be they male or female.
In cases where there is no issue, the share of the children reverts to the House of Justice (Q&A 7, 41).
Should one leave offspring, but either part or all of the other categories of heirs be nonexistent, two-thirds of their shares revert to the offspring and one-third to the M
House of Justice (Q&A 7).
Should none of the specified categories exist, two-thirds of the estate revert to the nephews and nieces of the deceased. If these do not exist, the same shares revert to the aunts and uncles; lacking these, to their sons and daughters. In any case the remaining third reverts to the House of Justice.
Should one leave none of the aforementioned heirs, the entire estate reverts to the House of Justice.
h states that non-Bah
s have no right to inherit from their Bah
or relatives (Q&A 34). Shoghi Effendi in a letter written on his behalf indicates that this restriction applies
only to such cases when a Bah
dies without leaving a will and when, therefore, his property will have to be divided in accordance with the rules set forth in the Aqdas. Otherwise, a Bah
is free to bequeath his property to any person, irrespective of religion, provided however he leaves a will, specifying his wishes.
It is always possible, therefore, for a Bah
to provide for his or her non-Bah
partner, children or relatives by leaving a will.
Additional details of the laws of inheritance are summarized in the Synopsis and Codification, section IV.C.3.a.
39. to the brothers, five parts
to the sisters, four parts
Questions and Answers amplifies the provisions of the law as it relates to the shares of the inheritance allocated to the brothers and sisters of the deceased. If the brother or sister is from the same father as the deceased, he or she will inherit his or her full allotted share.M
If, however, the brother or sister is from another father he or she will inherit only two-thirds of the allotted share, the remaining one-third reverting to the House of Justice (Q&A 6). Further, in the case where the deceased has full brothers or full sisters among his heirs, half-brothers and half-sisters from the mother
s side do not inherit (Q&A 53). The half-brothers and half-sisters will, of course, be due to receive inheritance from their own father
compares teachers who are involved with the spiritual education of the child to the
endoweth his child with life everlasting.
He explains that this is the reason that
teachers are listed among the heirs
h specifies the conditions under which the teacher inherits and the share he or she receives (Q&A 33).
41. When We heard the clamor of the children as yet unborn, We doubled their share and decreased those of the rest.
ance the children of the deceased were allotted nine parts consisting of 540 shares. This allocation constituted less than a quarter of the whole estate. Bah
h doubled their portion to 1,080 shares and reduced those allotted to the other six categories of heirs. He also outlines the precise intention of this verse and its implications for the distribution of the inheritance (Q&A 5).
42. the House of Justice
In referring to the House of Justice in the Kit
h does not always explicitM
ly distinguish between the Universal House of Justice and the Local House of Justice, both of which institutions are ordained in that Book. He usually refers simply to
the House of Justice,
leaving open for later clarification the level or levels of the whole institution to which each law would apply.
In a Tablet enumerating the revenues of the local treasury,
includes those inheritances for which there are no heirs, thus indicating that the House of Justice referred to in these passages of the AqdaM
s relating to inheritance is the local one.
43. Should the deceased leave offspring, but none of the other categories of heirs
This ruling hath both general and specific application, which is to say that whenever any category of this latter class of heirs is absent, two-thirds of their inheritance pass to the offspring and the remaining third to the House of Justice
44. We have assigned the residence and personal clothing of the deceased to the male, not female, offsM
pring, nor to the other heirs.
indicates that the residence and personal clothing of a deceased man remain in the male line. They pass to the eldest son and in the absence of the eldest son, they pass to the second-eldest son, and so on. He explains that this provision is an expression of the law of primogeniture, which has invariably been upheld by the Law of God. In a Tablet to a follower of the Faith in Persia He wrote:
In all the Divine Dispensations the eldest son hath been giveM
n extraordinary distinctions. Even the station of prophethood hath been his birthright.
With the distinctions given to the eldest son, however, go concomitant duties. For example, he has the moral responsibility, for the sake of God, to care for his mother and also to consider the needs of the other heirs.
h clarifies various aspects of this part of the law of inheritance. He specifies that if there be more than one residence, the principal and most important one passes to the male offspring. The remainM
ing residences will, together with the other possessions of the deceased, have to be divided among the heirs (Q&A 34), and He indicates that in the absence of male offspring, two-thirds of the principal residence and the personal clothing of the deceased father will revert to the female issue and one-third to the House of Justice (Q&A 72). Further, when the deceased is a woman, Bah
h states that all her used clothing is to be equally divided amongst her daughters. Her unworn clothing, jewels and property mustM
be divided among her heirs, as well as her used clothing if she leaves no daughter (Q&A 37).
45. Should the son of the deceased have passed away in the days of his father and have left children, they will inherit their father
This aspect of the law applies only in the case of the son who predeceases his father or mother. If the daughter of the deceased be dead and leave issue, her share will have to be divided according to the seven categories specified in the Most Holy Book (Q&A 54).
deceased should leave children who are under age, their share of the inheritance must be entrusted to a reliable individual
translated in this paragraph as
conveys in Arabic a wide range of meanings connected principally with the idea of trustworthiness, but signifying also such qualities as reliability, loyalty, faithfulness, uprightness, honesty, and so forth. Used in legal parlance
denotes, among other things, a trustee, guarantor, custodian, guaM
47. Division of the estate should take place only after the ?uq
h hath been paid, any debts have been settled, the expenses of the funeral and burial defrayed
h specifies that the order of precedence for payment of these expenses is first the funeral and burial expenses, then the debts of the deceased, then the ?uq
h (see note 125) (Q&A 9). He also specifies that when applying the estate to these, payment must first be made out of the residue of the estate and then, M
if this is insufficient, out of the residence and personal clothing of the deceased (Q&A 80).
48. This is that hidden knowledge which shall never change, since its beginning is with nine
b described His inheritance law as being
in accordance with a hidden knowledge in the Book of God
a knowledge that shall never change or be replaced.
He also stated that the numbers by which the division of the inheritance was expressed had been invested with a significance intended to aid in theM
recognition of Him Whom God will make manifest.
mentioned here is represented in the Arabic text by the letter
which is its equivalent in the abjad notation (see Glossary). It is the first element of the B
s division of inheritance, where He designates
as the share of the children. The significance of nine lies in its being the numerical equivalent of the Greatest Name
alluded to in the next part of this verse as
the concealed and manifest, the inviolable and unapproachablM
(See also note 33.)
49. The Lord hath ordained that in every city a House of Justice be established
The institution of the House of Justice consists of elected councils which operate at the local, national and international levels of society. Bah
h ordains both the Universal House of Justice and the Local Houses of Justice in the Kit
, in His Will and Testament, provides for the Secondary (National or Regional) Houses of Justice and outlines the method to be purM
sued for the election of the Universal House of Justice.
In the verse cited above, the reference is to the Local House of Justice, an institution which is to be elected in a locality whenever there are nine or more resident adult Bah
s. For this purpose, the definition of adult was temporarily fixed at the age of 21 years by the Guardian, who indicated it was open to change by the Universal House of Justice in the future.
Local and Secondary Houses of Justice are, for the present, known as Local Spiritual AssemM
blies and National Spiritual Assemblies. Shoghi Effendi has indicated that this is a
temporary appellation
as the position and aims of the Bah
Faith are better understood and more fully recognized, will gradually be superseded by the permanent and more appropriate designation of House of Justice. Not only will the present-day Spiritual Assemblies be styled differently in future, but they will be enabled also to add to their present functions those powers, duties, and prerogatives necessitated by thM
e recognition of the Faith of Bah
h, not merely as one of the recognized religious systems of the world, but as the State Religion of an independent and Sovereign Power.
50. the number of Bah
The abjad numerical equivalent of
is nine. The Universal House of Justice and the National and Local Spiritual Assemblies currently have nine members each, the minimum number prescribed by Bah
51. It behooveth them to be the trusted ones of the Merciful among men
The general powers and duM
ties of the Universal House of Justice, the National Spiritual Assemblies and the Local Spiritual Assemblies and the qualifications for membership are set forth in the Writings of Bah
, in the letters of Shoghi Effendi, and in the elucidations of the Universal House of Justice. The major functions of these institutions are outlined in the Constitution of the Universal House of Justice, and in those of the National and Local Spiritual Assemblies.
52. take counsel together
has established consultation as one of the fundamental principles of His Faith and has exhorted the believers to
take counsel together in all matters.
He describes consultation as
the lamp of guidance which leadeth the way
the bestower of understanding.
Shoghi Effendi states that the
principle of consultation
constitutes one of the basic laws
Administrative Order.
In Questions and Answers, number 99, Bah
h outlines an approach to consultation and stresses the importance of achiM
eving unanimity in decision making, failing which the majority decision must prevail. The Universal House of Justice has clarified that this guidance concerning consultation was revealed before Spiritual Assemblies had been established and was in answer to a question about the Bah
teachings on consultation. The House of Justice affirms that the emergence of Spiritual Assemblies, to which the friends may always turn for assistance, in no way prohibits them from following the procedure outlined in Questions and AnM
swers. This approach may be used by the friends, should they wish, when they desire to consult on their personal problems.
53. Build ye houses of worship throughout the lands
House of Worship is dedicated to the praise of God. The House of Worship forms the central edifice of the Mashriqu
r (the Dawning-place of the Praise of God), a complex which, as it unfolds in the future, will comprise in addition to the House of Worship a number of dependencies dedicated to social, humanitarian, educM
ational, and scientific pursuits.
describes the Mashriqu
one of the most vital institutions in the world,
and Shoghi Effendi indicates that it exemplifies in tangible form the integration of
worship and service.
Anticipating the future development of this institution, Shoghi Effendi envisages that the House of Worship and its dependencies
shall afford relief to the suffering, sustenance to the poor, shelter to the wayfarer, solace to the bereaved, and education to the ignorant.
Houses of Worship will be constructed in every town and village.
54. The Lord hath ordained that those of you who are able shall make pilgrimage to the sacred House
Two sacred Houses are covered by this ordinance, the House of the B
z and the House of Bah
h has specified that pilgrimage to either of these two Houses fulfills the requirement of this passage (Q&A 25, 29). In two separate Tablets, known as S
riy-i-?ajj (Q&A 10), Bah
scribed specific rites for each of these pilgrimages. In this sense, the performance of a pilgrimage is more than simply visiting these two Houses.
After the passing of Bah
designated the Shrine of Bah
as a place of pilgrimage. In a Tablet, He indicates that the
Most Holy Shrine, the Blessed House in Baghd
d and the venerated House of the B
consecrated to pilgrimage,
to visit these places
if one can afford it and is able to do M
so, and if no obstacle stands in one
No rites have been prescribed for pilgrimage to the Most Holy Shrine.
55. and from this He hath exempted women as a mercy on His part
b enjoined the ordinance of pilgrimage once in a lifetime upon those of His followers who were financially able to undertake the journey. He stated that the obligation was not binding on women in order to spare them the rigors of travel.
h likewise exempts women from His pilgrimage requirements. The M
Universal House of Justice has clarified that this exemption is not a prohibition, and that women are free to perform the pilgrimage.
56. to engage in some occupation
It is obligatory for men and women to engage in a trade or profession. Bah
engagement in such work
of God. The spiritual and practical significance of this law, and the mutual responsibility of the individual and society for its implementation are explained in a letter written on behalf of Shoghi EffenM
With reference to Bah
s command concerning the engagement of the believers in some sort of profession: the Teachings are most emphatic on this matter, particularly the statement in the Aqdas to this effect which makes it quite clear that idle people who lack the desire to work can have no place in the new World Order. As a corollary of this principle, Bah
h further states that mendicity should not only be discouraged but entirely wiped out from the face of society. It is the duty of those who aM
re in charge of the organization of society to give every individual the opportunity of acquiring the necessary talent in some kind of profession, and also the means of utilizing such a talent, both for its own sake and for the sake of earning the means of his livelihood. Every individual, no matter how handicapped and limited he may be, is under the obligation of engaging in some work or profession, for work, especially when performed in the spirit of service, is according to Bah
h a form of worship. It has M
not only a utilitarian purpose, but has a value in itself, because it draws us nearer to God, and enables us to better grasp His purpose for us in this world. It is obvious, therefore, that the inheritance of wealth cannot make anyone immune from daily work.
In one of His Tablets,
if a person is incapable of earning a living, is stricken by dire poverty or becometh helpless, then it is incumbent on the wealthy or the Deputies to provide him with a monthly allowance for his subsistence.
is meant the representatives of the people, that is to say the members of the House of Justice.
(See also note 162 on mendicancy.)
In response to a question concerning whether Bah
s injunction requires a wife and mother, as well as her husband, to work for a livelihood, the Universal House of Justice has explained that Bah
s directive is for the friends to be engaged in an occupation which will profit themselves and others, and that homemaking is a highly honorable and responsible wM
ork of fundamental importance to society.
Concerning the retirement from work for individuals who have reached a certain age, Shoghi Effendi in a letter written on his behalf stated that
this is a matter on which the International House of Justice will have to legislate as there are no provisions in the Aqdas concerning it.
57. The kissing of hands hath been forbidden in the Book.
In a number of earlier religious Dispensations and in certain cultures the kissing of the hand of a religious figure or of a M
prominent person was expected as a mark of reverence and deference to such persons and as a token of submission to their authority. Bah
h prohibits the kissing of hands and, in His Tablets, He also condemns such practices as prostrating oneself before another person and other forms of behavior that abase one individual in relation to another. (See note 58.)
58. To none is it permitted to seek absolution from another soul
h prohibits confession to, and seeking absolution of one
human being. Instead one should beg forgiveness from God. In the Tablet of Bish
such confession before people results in one
s humiliation and abasement,
and He affirms that God
wisheth not the humiliation of His servants.
Shoghi Effendi sets the prohibition into context. His secretary has written on his behalf that we
are forbidden to confess to any person, as do the Catholics to their priests, our sins and shortcomings, or to do so in public, as some religious sects do. However, if wM
e spontaneously desire to acknowledge we have been wrong in something, or that we have some fault of character, and ask another person
s forgiveness or pardon, we are quite free to do so.
The Universal House of Justice has also clarified that Bah
s prohibition concerning the confession of sins does not prevent an individual from admitting transgressions in the course of consultations held under the aegis of Bah
institutions. Likewise, it does not preclude the possibility of seeking advice from a closeM
friend or of a professional counselor regarding such matters.
59. Amongst the people is he who seateth himself amid the sandals by the door whilst coveting in his heart the seat of honor.
Traditionally in the East it has been the practice to remove sandals and shoes before entering a gathering. The part of a room farthest from the entrance is regarded as the head of the room and a place of honor where the most prominent among those present are seated. Others sit in descending order towards the door, by whiM
ch the shoes and sandals have been left and where the most lowly would sit.
60. And among the people is he who layeth claim to inner knowledge
This is a reference to people who claim access to esoteric knowledge and whose attachment to such knowledge veils them from the Revelation of the Manifestation of God. Elsewhere Bah
They that are the worshipers of the idol which their imaginations have carved, and who call it Inner Reality, such men are in truth accounted among the heathen.
How many a man hath secluded himself in the climes of India, denied himself the things that God hath decreed as lawful, imposed upon himself austerities and mortifications
These verses constitute the prohibition of monasticism and asceticism. See the Synopsis and Codification, section IV.D. 1.y.iii.-iv. In the Words of Paradise Bah
h amplifies these provisions. He states:
Living in seclusion or practicing asceticism is not acceptable in the presence of God,
and He calls upon those involved to
that which will cause joy and radiance.
He instructs those who have taken up
their abodes in the caves of the mountains
repaired to graveyards at night
to abandon these practices, and He enjoins them not to deprive themselves of the
of this world which have been created by God for humankind. And in the Tablet of Bish
t, while acknowledging the
of monks and priests, Bah
h calls upon them to
give up the life of seclusion and direct their steps towards the open world M
and busy themselves with that which will profit themselves and others.
He also grants them leave
to enter into wedlock that they may bring forth one who will make mention of God.
62. Whoso layeth claim to a Revelation direct from God, ere the expiration of a full thousand years
The Dispensation of Bah
h will last until the coming of the next Manifestation of God, Whose advent will not take place before at least
a full thousand years
will have elapsed. Bah
h cautions against ascribing to
anything other than its
and in one of His Tablets, He specifies that
of this thousand year period consists of
twelve months according to the Qur
n, and of nineteen months of nineteen days each, according to the Bay
The intimation of His Revelation to Bah
n, in October 1852, marks the birth of His Prophetic Mission and hence the commencement of the one thousand years or more that must elapse before the appearance of the next ManifestatM
63. This is that of which We gave you forewarning when We were dwelling in
q, then later while in the Land of Mystery, and now from this Resplendent Spot.
refers to Adrianople, and
this Resplendent Spot
64. Amongst the people is he whose learning hath made him proud
who, when he heareth the tread of sandals following behind him, waxeth greater in his own esteem
In the East, the practice has been for followers of a religious leader, oM
ut of deference, to walk a pace or two behind him.
The Nimrod referred to in this verse is, in both Jewish and Islamic traditions, a King who persecuted Abraham and whose name became symbolic of great pride.
(plural of Ghu?n) is the Arabic word for
This term is used by Bah
h to designate His male descendants. It has particular implications not only for the disposition of endowments but also for the succession of authority following the passing of Bah
h (see note 145) and of
h, in the Book of His Covenant, appointed
, His eldest son, as the Center of His Covenant and the Head of the Faith.
, in His Will and Testament, appointed Shoghi Effendi, His eldest grandson, as the Guardian and Head of the Faith.
This passage of the Aqdas, therefore, anticipates the succession of chosen Agh?
n and thus the institution of the Guardianship and envisages the possibility of a break in their line. The passing of Shoghi EffeM
ndi in 1957 precipitated the very situation provided for in this passage, in that the line of Agh?
n ended before the Universal House of Justice had been established (see note 67).
67. revert to the people of Bah
h provides for the possibility that the line of Agh?
n would terminate prior to the establishment of the Universal House of Justice. He designated that in such a situation
endowments shall revert to the people of Bah
is used with a number of different meaninM
Writings. In this instance, they are described as those
who speak not except by His leave and judge not save in accordance with what God hath decreed in this Tablet.
Following the passing of Shoghi Effendi in 1957, the Hands of the Cause of God directed the affairs of the Cause until the election of the Universal House of Justice in 1963 (see note 183).
68. Shave not your heads
In some religious traditions it is considered desirable to shave one
s head. The shaving of the head is forbiddeM
h, and He makes it clear that the provision contained in His S
riy-i-?ajj requiring pilgrims to the Holy House in Sh
z to shave their heads has been superseded through this verse of the Kit
69. it is not seemly to let the hair pass beyond the limit of the ears
Shoghi Effendi has made clear that, unlike the prohibition on shaving the head, this law forbidding the growing of the hair beyond the lobe of the ear pertains only to men. The application of this law will require M
clarification by the Universal House of Justice.
70. Exile and imprisonment are decreed for the thief
h states that the determination of the degree of penalty, in accordance with the seriousness of the offense, rests with the House of Justice (Q&A 49). The punishments for theft are intended for a future condition of society, when they will be supplemented and applied by the Universal House of Justice.
71. on the third offense, place ye a mark upon his brow so that, thus identified, he may not bM
e accepted in the cities of God and His countries
The mark to be placed on the thief
s forehead serves the purpose of warning people of his proclivities. All details concerning the nature of the mark, how the mark is to be applied, how long it must be worn, on what conditions it may be removed, as well as the seriousness of various degrees of theft have been left by Bah
h for the Universal House of Justice to determine when the law is applied.
72. Whoso wisheth to make use of vessels of silver and golM
d is at liberty to do so.
b allowed the use of gold and silver utensils, thus abrogating the Islamic condemnation of their use which stems not from an explicit injunction of the Qur
n but from Muslim traditions. Bah
h here confirms the B
73. Take heed lest, when partaking of food, ye plunge your hands into the contents of bowls and platters.
This prohibition was defined by Shoghi Effendi as
In many parts of the world it has been custoM
mary to eat with the hands from a communal bowl.
74. Adopt ye such usages as are most in keeping with refinement.
This is the first of several passages referring to the importance of refinement and cleanliness. The original Arabic word
has a wide range of meanings with both spiritual and physical implications, such as elegance, gracefulness, cleanliness, civility, politeness, gentleness, delicacy and graciousness, as well as being subtle, refined, sanctified and pureM
. In accordance with the context of the various passages where it occurs in the Kit
b-i-Aqdas, it has been translated either as
75. He Who is the Dawning-place of God
s Cause hath no partner in the Most Great Infallibility.
In the Tablet of Ishr
h affirms that the Most Great Infallibility is confined to the Manifestations of God.
Chapter 45 in Some Answered Questions is devoted to an explanation by
of this verse of the Aqdas. In this chapter He strM
esses, among other things, the inseparability of essential
from the Manifestations of God, and asserts that
whatever emanates from Them is identical with the truth, and conformable to reality,
They are not under the shadow of the former laws,
Whatever They say is the word of God, and whatever They perform is an upright action.
76. Unto every father hath been enjoined the instruction of his son and daughter in the art of reading and writing
, in His Tablets, not onlM
y calls attention to the responsibility of parents to educate all their children, but He also clearly specifies that the
training and culture of daughters is more necessary than that of sons,
for girls will one day be mothers, and mothers are the first educators of the new generation. If it is not possible, therefore, for a family to educate all the children, preference is to be accorded to daughters since, through educated mothers, the benefits of knowledge can be most effectively and rapidly diffused throughoutM
77. God hath imposed a fine on every adulterer and adulteress, to be paid to the House of Justice
Although the term translated here as adultery refers, in its broadest sense, to unlawful sexual intercourse between either married or unmarried individuals (see note 36 for a definition of the term),
has specified that the punishment here prescribed is for sexual intercourse between persons who are unmarried. He indicates that it remains for the Universal House of Justice to determine theM
penalty for adultery committed by a married individual. (See also Q&A 49.)
In one of His Tablets,
refers to some of the spiritual and social implications of the violation of the laws of morality and, concerning the penalty here described, He indicates that the aim of this law is to make clear to all that such an action is shameful in the eyes of God and that, in the event that the offense can be established and the fine imposed, the principal purpose is the exposure of the offenders
med and disgraced in the eyes of society. He affirms that such exposure is in itself the greatest punishment.
The House of Justice referred to in this verse is presumably the Local House of Justice, currently known as the Local Spiritual Assembly.
ls of gold, to be doubled if they should repeat the offense
l is a unit of weight. The weight of the traditional mithq
l used in the Middle East is equivalent to 24 nakhuds. However, the mithq
s consists of 19 nakhuds,
in accordance with the specification of the Bay
(Q&A 23). The weight of nine of these mithq
l equals 32.775 grams or 1.05374 troy ounces.
In relation to the application of the fine, Bah
h clearly specifies that each succeeding fine is double the preceding one (Q&A 23); thus the fine imposed increases in geometrical progression. The imposition of this fine is intended for a future condition of society, at which time the law will be supplemented and applied by the Universal House of Justice.
made it lawful for you to listen to music and singing.
Among certain nations of the East, music was considered reprehensible.
n contains no specific guidance on the subject, some Muslims consider listening to music as unlawful, while others tolerate music within certain bounds and subject to particular conditions.
There are a number of passages in the Bah
Writings in praise of music.
, for example, asserts that
music, sung or played, is spiritualM
food for soul and heart.
80. O ye Men of Justice!
It has been elucidated in the writings of
and Shoghi Effendi that, while the membership of the Universal House of Justice is confined to men, both women and men are eligible for election to Secondary and Local Houses of Justice (currently designated as National and Local Spiritual Assemblies).
81. The penalties for wounding or striking a person depend upon the severity of the injury; for each degree the Lord of Judgment hath prescribed a ceM
h specified that the extent of the penalty depends upon
the severity of the injury,
there is no record of His having set out the details of the size of the indemnity with regard to each degree of offense. The responsibility to determine these devolves upon the Universal House of Justice.
82. Verily, it is enjoined upon you to offer a feast, once in every month
This injunction has become the basis for the holding of monthly Bah
festivities and as such constitutes thM
e ordination of the Nineteen Day Feast. In the Arabic Bay
b called upon His followers to gather together once every nineteen days to show hospitality and fellowship. Bah
h here confirms this and notes the unifying role of such occasions.
and Shoghi Effendi after Him have gradually unfolded the institutional significance of this injunction.
emphasized the importance of the spiritual and devotional character of these gatherings. Shoghi Effendi, besides further elaborating the M
devotional and social aspects of the Feast, has developed the administrative element of such gatherings and, in systematically instituting the Feast, has provided for a period of consultation on the affairs of the Bah
community, including the sharing of news and messages.
In answer to a question as to whether this injunction is obligatory, Bah
h stated it was not (Q&A 48). Shoghi Effendi in a letter written on his behalf further comments:
Attendance at Nineteen Day Feasts is not obligatory but very impM
ortant, and every believer should consider it a duty and privilege to be present on such occasions.
83. If ye should hunt with beasts or birds of prey, invoke ye the Name of God when ye send them to pursue their quarry; for then whatever they catch shall be lawful unto you, even should ye find it to have died.
h greatly simplifies practices and religious regulations of the past relating to hunting. He has also stated that hunting with such weapons as bows and arrows, guns, and the likM
e, is included in this ruling, but that the consumption of game if it is found dead in a trap or a net is prohibited (Q&A 24).
84. hunt not to excess
While hunting is not forbidden by Bah
h, He warns against excessive hunting. The Universal House of Justice will, in due course, have to consider what constitutes an excess in hunting.
85. He hath granted them no right to the property of others.
The injunction to show kindness to Bah
s kindred does not give them a share in the property ofM
others. This is in contrast to Sh
ih Muslim practice, in which lineal descendants of Mu?ammad are entitled to receive a share of a certain tax.
86. Should anyone intentionally destroy a house by fire, him also shall ye burn; should anyone deliberately take another
s life, him also shall ye put to death.
h prescribes the death penalty for murder and arson, with the alternative of life imprisonment (see note 87).
explains the difference between revenge and pM
unishment. He affirms that individuals do not have the right to take revenge, that revenge is despised in the eyes of God, and that the motive for punishment is not vengeance, but the imposition of a penalty for the committed offense. In Some Answered Questions, He confirms that it is the right of society to impose punishments on criminals for the purpose of protecting its members and defending its existence.
With regard to this provision, Shoghi Effendi in a letter written on his behalf gives the following explaM
h has given death as the penalty for murder. However, He has permitted life imprisonment as an alternative. Both practices would be in accordance with His Laws. Some of us may not be able to grasp the wisdom of this when it disagrees with our own limited vision; but we must accept it, knowing His Wisdom, His Mercy and His Justice are perfect and for the salvation of the entire world. If a man were falsely condemned to die, can we not believe Almighty God would compensate him a thouM
sandfold, in the next world, for this human injustice? You cannot give up a salutary law just because on rare occasions the innocent may be punished.
The details of the Bah
law of punishment for murder and arson, a law designed for a future state of society, were not specified by Bah
h. The various details of the law, such as degrees of offense, whether extenuating circumstances are to be taken into account, and which of the two prescribed punishments is to be the norm are left to the Universal House ofM
Justice to decide in light of prevailing conditions when the law is to be in operation. The manner in which the punishment is to be carried out is also left to the Universal House of Justice to decide.
In relation to arson, this depends on what
is burned. There is obviously a tremendous difference in the degree of offense between the person who burns down an empty warehouse and one who sets fire to a school full of children.
87. Should ye condemn the arsonist and the murderer to life imprisonment, it wM
ould be permissible according to the provisions of the Book.
Shoghi Effendi, in response to a question about this verse of the Aqdas, affirmed that while capital punishment is permitted, an alternative,
whereby the rigors of such a condemnation can be seriously mitigated.
h has given us a choice and has, therefore, left us free to use our own discretion within certain limitations imposed by His law.
In the absence of specific guidance concerniM
ng the application of this aspect of Bah
law, it remains for the Universal House of Justice to legislate on the matter in the future.
88. God hath prescribed matrimony unto you.
h, in one of His Tablets, states that God, in establishing this law, has made marriage
a fortress for well-being and salvation.
The Synopsis and Codification, section IV.C.1.a.
o., summarizes and synthesizes the provisions in the Kit
b-i-Aqdas and Questions and Answers concerning marriage and the conditions under whiM
ch it is permitted (Q&A 3, 13, 46, 50, 84, and 92), the law of betrothal (Q&A 43), the payment of the dowry (Q&A 12, 26, 39, 47, 87, and 88), the procedures to be adopted in the event of the prolonged absence of a spouse (Q&A 4 and 27), and sundry other circumstances (Q&A 12 and 47). (See also notes 89
89. Beware that ye take not unto yourselves more wives than two. Whoso contenteth himself with a single partner from among the maidservants of God, both he and she shall live in tranquillity.
b-i-Aqdas appears to permit bigamy, Bah
h counsels that tranquillity and contentment derive from monogamy. In another Tablet, He underlines the importance of the individual
s acting in such a way as to
bring comfort to himself and to his partner.
, the authorized Interpreter of the Bah
Writings, states that in the text of the Aqdas monogamy is in effect enjoined. He elaborates this theme in a number of Tablets, including the following:
Know thou that polygamy is not permitteM
d under the law of God, for contentment with one wife hath been clearly stipulated. Taking a second wife is made dependent upon equity and justice being upheld between the two wives, under all conditions. However, observance of justice and equity towards two wives is utterly impossible. The fact that bigamy has been made dependent upon an impossible condition is clear proof of its absolute prohibition. Therefore it is not permissible for a man to have more than one wife.
Polygamy is a very ancient practice amongM
the majority of humanity. The introduction of monogamy has been only gradually accomplished by the Manifestations of God. Jesus, for example, did not prohibit polygamy, but abolished divorce except in the case of fornication; Mu?ammad limited the number of wives to four, but making plurality of wives contingent on justice, and reintroducing permission for divorce; Bah
h, Who was revealing His Teachings in the milieu of a Muslim society, introduced the question of monogamy gradually in accordance with the priM
nciples of wisdom and the progressive unfoldment of His purpose. The fact that He left His followers with an infallible Interpreter of His Writings enabled Him to outwardly permit two wives in the Kit
b-i-Aqdas but uphold a condition that enabled
to elucidate later that the intention of the law was to enforce monogamy.
90. he who would take into his service a maid may do so with propriety
h states that a man may employ a maiden for domestic service. This was not permissible under Sh
ih Muslim practice unless the employer entered into a marriage contract with her. Bah
h emphasizes that the
referred to in this verse is solely
such as is performed by any other class of servants, be they young or old, in exchange for wages
(Q&A 30). An employer has no sexual rights over his maid. She is
free to choose a husband at whatever time she pleaseth,
for the purchase of women is forbidden (Q&A 30).
91. This is My bidding unto you; hold fast to it as an assistance to yourselves.
While marriage is enjoined in the Kit
h clarifies that it is not obligatory (Q&A 46). Shoghi Effendi, in a letter written on his behalf, also declared that
marriage is by no means an obligation,
and he affirmed that
in the last resort it is for the individual to decide whether he wishes to lead a family life or live in a state of celibacy.
If a person has to wait a considerable period of time before finding a spouse, or ultimately must remain single, it does not mean that the individual is M
thereby unable to fulfill his or her life
s purpose, which is fundamentally spiritual.
92. We have conditioned it
upon the permission of their parents
In a letter written on his behalf, Shoghi Effendi has commented on this provision of the law:
h has clearly stated the consent of all living parents is required for a Bah
marriage. This applies whether the parents are Bah
s, divorced for years or not. This great law He has laid down to strengthen the social fabric, to knit cM
loser the ties of the home, to place a certain gratitude and respect in the hearts of the children for those who have given them life and sent their souls out on the eternal journey towards their Creator.
93. No marriage may be contracted without payment of a dowry
The Synopsis and Codification, section IV.C.1.j.i.
v., summarizes the main provisions concerning the dowry. These provisions have their antecedents in the Bay
The dowry is to be paid by the bridegroom to the bride. It is fixed at 19 mithq
of pure gold for city dwellers, and 19 mithq
ls of silver for village dwellers (see note 94). Bah
h indicates that, if, at the time of the wedding, the bridegroom is unable to pay the dowry in full, it is permissible for him to issue a promissory note to the bride (Q&A 39).
With the Revelation of Bah
h many familiar concepts, customs and institutions are redefined and take on new meaning. One of these is the dowry. The institution of dowry is a very ancient practice in many cultures and takes many formM
s. In some countries it is a payment made by the parents of the bride to the bridegroom; in others it is a payment made by the bridegroom to the parents of the bride, called a
In both such cases the amount is often quite considerable. The law of Bah
h abolishes all such variants and converts the dowry into a symbolic act whereby the bridegroom presents a gift of a certain limited value to the bride.
94. for city dwellers at nineteen mithq
ls of pure gold, and for village dwellers at the sameM
h specifies that the criterion for determining the dowry payment is the location of the permanent residence of the bridegroom, not of the bride (Q&A 87, 88).
95. Whoso wisheth to increase this sum, it is forbidden him to exceed the limit of ninety-five mithq
If he content himself, however, with a payment of the lowest level, it shall be better for him according to the Book.
In answer to a question about the dowry, Bah
Whatever is revealed in the Bay
, in respect to those residing in cities and villages, is approved and should be carried out. However, in the Kit
b-i-Aqdas mention is made of the lowest level. The intention is nineteen mithq
ls of silver, specified in the Bay
n for village dwellers. This is more pleasing unto God, provided the two parties agree. The purpose is to promote the comfort of all, and to bring about concord and union among the people. Therefore, the greater the consideration shown in these matters the better it will be
must associate and deal with each other with the utmost love and sincerity. They should be mindful of the interests of all, especially the friends of God.
, in one of His Tablets, summarized some of the provisions for determining the level of the dowry. The unit of payment mentioned in the extract, cited below, is the
?id is equivalent to nineteen mithq
City dwellers must pay in gold and village dwellers in silver. It dependeth on the financial means at the disposM
al of the groom. If he is poor, he payeth one v
?id; if of modest means, he payeth two v
?ids; if well-to-do, three v
?ids; if wealthy, four v
?ids; and if very rich, he giveth five v
?ids. It is, in truth, a matter for agreement between the bridegroom, the bride, and their parents. Whatever agreement is reached should be carried out.
In this same Tablet,
encouraged the believers to refer questions concerning the application of this law to the Universal House of Justice, which has
it is this body which will enact laws and legislate upon secondary matters which are not explicit in the Holy Text.
96. should any one of His servants intend to travel, he must fix for his wife a time when he will return home
If the husband leaves without informing his wife of the date of his return, and no news of him reaches her and all trace of him is lost, Bah
h has stated that, should the husband have been aware of the law prescribed in the Kit
b-i-Aqdas, the wife mM
ay remarry after waiting a full year. If, however, the husband was unaware of the law, the wife must wait until news of her husband reaches her (Q&A 4).
97. it behooveth her to wait for a period of nine months, after which there is no impediment to her taking another husband
In the event of the husband
s failure, either to return at the end of the specified period of time or to notify his wife of a delay, the wife must wait nine months, after which she is free to remarry, though it is preferable for her to M
wait longer (see note 147 for the Bah
h states that, in such circumstances, should news reach the wife of
she must also wait nine months, prior to remarrying (Q&A 27).
, in a Tablet, has further clarified that the nine months
waiting period following news of the husband
s death applies only if the husband had been away at the time of his death, and not if he dies while at home.
98. she should choose the course that is praiseworthy
the course that is praiseworthy
the exercise of patience
99. two just witnesses
the criterion of justness
in relation to witnesses as
a good reputation among the people.
He states that it is not necessary that the witnesses should be Bah
The testimony of all God
s servants, of whatever faith or creed, is acceptable before His Throne
100. Should resentment or antipathy arise between husband and wife, he is not to divorce her but M
to bide in patience throughout the course of one whole year
Divorce is strongly condemned in the Bah
Teachings. If, however, antipathy or resentment develop between the marriage partners, divorce is permissible after the lapse of one full year. During this year of patience, the husband is obliged to provide for the financial support of his wife and children, and the couple is urged to strive to reconcile their differences. Shoghi Effendi affirms that both the husband and wife
have equal right to ask for diM
whenever either partner
feels it absolutely essential to do so.
In Questions and Answers, Bah
h elaborates a number of issues concerning the year of patience, its observance (Q&A 12), establishing the date of its beginning (Q&A 19 and 40), the conditions for reconciliation (Q&A 38), and the role of witnesses and the Local House of Justice (Q&A 73 and 98). In relation to the witnesses, the Universal House of Justice has clarified that in these days the duties of the witnesses in cases of divorce are M
performed by the Spiritual Assemblies.
The detailed provisions of the Bah
laws on divorce are summarized in the Synopsis and Codification, section IV.C.2.a.
101. The Lord hath prohibited
the practice to which ye formerly had recourse when thrice ye had divorced a woman.
This relates to a law of Isl
m set out in the Qur
n which decreed that under certain conditions a man could not remarry his divorced wife unless she had married and been divorced by another man. Bah
h affirms that this is theM
practice which has been prohibited in the Kit
102. He who hath divorced his wife may choose, upon the passing of each month, to remarry her when there is mutual affection and consent, so long as she hath not taken another husband
unless, clearly, her circumstances change.
Shoghi Effendi states, in a letter written on his behalf, that the intention of
the passing of each month
is not to impose a limitation, and that it is possible for a divorced couple to remarry at any time after thM
eir divorce, so long as neither party is currently married to another person.
103. semen is not unclean
In a number of religious traditions and in Sh
ih Muslim practice semen has been declared ritually unclean. Bah
h has here dispelled this concept. See also note 106 below.
104. Cleave ye unto the cord of refinement
refers to the effect of
purity and holiness, cleanliness and refinement
on the exaltation of
the development of man
The fact of having a pure and spotless body exercises an influence upon the spirit of man.
(See also note 74.)
105. Wash ye every soiled thing with water that hath undergone no alteration in any one of the three respects
referred to in this verse are changes in the color, taste or smell of the water. Bah
h provides additional guidance concerning pure water and the point at which it is considered unsuitable for use (Q&A 91).
abolished the concept of
whereby divers things and peoples have been held to be impure.
The concept of ritual
as understood and practiced in some tribal societies and in the religious communities of certain earlier Dispensations, has been abolished by Bah
h. He states that through His Revelation
all created things were immersed in the sea of purification.
(See also notes 12, 20, and 103.)
107. first day of Ri?v
This is a reference to the arrival of Bah
h and His companions in the Naj
yyih Garden outside the city of Baghd
d, subsequently referred to by the Bah
s as the Garden of Ri?v
n. This event, which took place thirty-one days after Naw-R
z, in April 1863, signalized the commencement of the period during which Bah
h declared His Mission to His companions. In a Tablet, He refers to His Declaration as
the Day of supreme felicity
and He describes the Garden of Ri?v
the Spot from which He shed upon the whole of creation the splendors of His Name, the All-Merciful.
spent twelve days in this Garden prior to departing for Istanbul, the place to which He had been banished.
The Declaration of Bah
h is celebrated annually by the twelve-day Ri?v
n Festival, described by Shoghi Effendi as
the holiest and most significant of all Bah
(see notes 138 and 140).
n, the Mother Book of the B
Dispensation, is the title given by the B
b to His Book of Laws, and it is also applied to the entire body of His Writings. The Persian Bay
he major doctrinal work and principal repository of the laws ordained by the B
n is parallel in content but smaller and less weighty. When describing the Persian Bay
n in God Passes By Shoghi Effendi indicated that it should be regarded
primarily as a eulogy of the Promised One rather than a code of laws and ordinances designed to be a permanent guide to future generations
n hath been superseded by the Kit
b-i-Aqdas, except in respect of such laws as have beeM
n confirmed and mentioned in the Kit
109. the destruction of books
In the Tablet of Ishr
h, referring to the fact that the B
b had made the laws of the Bay
n subject to His sanction, states that He put some of the B
by embodying them in the Kit
b-i-Aqdas in different words,
while others He set aside.
With regard to the destruction of books, the Bay
s followers to destroy all books except those that were written in vindication of the CauseM
and Religion of God. Bah
h abrogates this specific law of the Bay
As to the nature and severity of the laws of the Bay
n, Shoghi Effendi in a letter written on his behalf provides the following comment:
The severe laws and injunctions revealed by the B
b can be properly appreciated and understood only when interpreted in the light of His own statements regarding the nature, purpose and character of His own Dispensation. As these statements clearly reveal, the B
Dispensation was essentially in the nM
ature of a religious and indeed social revolution, and its duration had therefore to be short, but full of tragic events, of sweeping and drastic reforms. Those drastic measures enforced by the B
b and His followers were taken with the view of undermining the very foundations of Sh
ih orthodoxy, and thus paving the way for the coming of Bah
h. To assert the independence of the new Dispensation, and to prepare also the ground for the approaching Revelation of Bah
b had therefore to reveal very M
severe laws, even though most of them were never enforced. But the mere fact that He revealed them was in itself a proof of the independent character of His Dispensation and was sufficient to create such widespread agitation, and excite such opposition on the part of the clergy that led them to cause His eventual martyrdom.
110. We have permitted you to read such sciences as are profitable unto you, not such as end in idle disputation
Writings enjoin the acquisition of knowledge and the study of M
the arts and sciences. Bah
s are admonished to respect people of learning and accomplishment, and are warned against the pursuit of studies that are productive only of futile wrangling.
h counsels the believers to study such sciences and arts as are
the progress and advancement
of society, and He cautions against sciences which
begin with words and end with words,
the pursuit of which leads to
Shoghi Effendi, in a letter written on his bM
ehalf, likened sciences that begin with words and end with words to
fruitless excursions into metaphysical hair-splittings,
and, in another letter, he explained that what Bah
h primarily intended by such
those theological treatises and commentaries that encumber the human mind rather than help it to attain the truth.
111. He Who held converse with God
This is a traditional Jewish and Islamic title of Moses. Bah
h states that with the coming of His Revelation
een privileged to hear what He Who conversed with God heard upon Sinai.
The mountain where the Law was revealed by God to Moses.
113. the Spirit of God
This is one of the titles used in the Islamic and Bah
Writings to designate Jesus Christ.
is the mountain in the Holy Land where the Shrine of the B
b and the seat of the world administrative center of the Faith are situated.
Zion is a hill in Jerusalem, the traditional site ofM
the tomb of King David, and is symbolic of Jerusalem as a Holy City.
115. the Crimson Ark
refers to the Cause of Bah
h. His followers are designated as the
companions of the Crimson Ark,
116. O Emperor of Austria! He Who is the Dayspring of God
s Light dwelt in the prison of
at the time when thou didst set forth to visit the Aq?
Francis Joseph (Franz Josef, 1830
1916), Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, made a M
pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1869. While in the Holy Land he failed to take the opportunity to inquire about Bah
h Who at that time was a prisoner in
Mosque, literally, the
Mosque, is referred to in the Qur
n, and has become identified with the Temple Mount in Jerusalem.
117. O King of Berlin!
Kaiser William I (Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig, 1797
1888), the seventh king of Prussia, was acclaimed first Emperor of Germany in January 1871 at Versailles in France, followinM
g the victory of Germany over France in the Franco-Prussian War.
118. the one whose power transcended thy power, and whose station excelled thy station
This is a reference to Napoleon III (1808
1873), the Emperor of the French, who was regarded by many historians as the most outstanding monarch of his day in the West.
h addressed two Tablets to Napoleon III, in the second of which He clearly prophesied that Napoleon
thrown into confusion,
hands, and that his people would experience great
Within a year, Napoleon III suffered a resounding defeat, at the hands of Kaiser William I, at the Battle of Sedan in 1870. He went in exile to England, where he died three years later.
119. O people of Constantinople!
The word here translated as
is, in the original,
This term has generally been used in the Middle East to designate Constantinople and the Eastern Roman Empire, then the city of Byzantium andM
its empire, and later the Ottoman Empire.
120. O Spot that art situate on the shores of the two seas!
This is a reference to Constantinople, now called Istanbul. Located on the Bosporus, a strait about 31 kilometers long which links the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara, it is the largest city and seaport of Turkey.
Constantinople was the capital of the Ottoman Empire from 1453 until 1922. During Bah
s sojourn in this city, the tyrannical Sultan
z occupied the throne. The Ottoman SultanM
s were also the Caliphs, the leaders of Sunn
h anticipated the fall of the Caliphate, which was abolished in 1924.
121. O banks of the Rhine!
In one of His Tablets written before the first World War (1914
s reference to having seen the banks of the Rhine
related to the Franco-Prussian War (1870
1871), and that there was more suffering to come.
In God Passes By Shoghi Effendi states that the
oppressively severe treaty
t was imposed on Germany following its defeat in the first World War
the lamentations [of Berlin]
which, half a century before, had been ominously prophesied.
is the initial letter of ?ihr
n, the capital of Iran. Bah
h has often chosen to represent certain place names by reference to their initial letter. According to the abjad system of reckoning, the numerical value of ?
is nine, which equals the numerical value of the name Bah
123. within thee was born the M
Manifestation of His Glory
This is a reference to the birth of Bah
n on 12 November 1817.
A reference to the Iranian province of Khur
n and neighboring areas, which include the city of
125. Should anyone acquire one hundred mithq
ls of gold, nineteen mithq
s and to be rendered unto Him
This verse establishes ?uq
h, the Right of God, the offering of a fixed portion of the value of the believer
is offering was made to Bah
h as the Manifestation of God and then, following His Ascension, to
as the Center of the Covenant. In His Will and Testament,
provided that the ?uq
h was to be offered
through the Guardian of the Cause of God.
There now being no Guardian, it is offered through the Universal House of Justice as the Head of the Faith. This fund is used for the promotion of the Faith of God and its interests as well as for various philanthropic purposes. The offering M
h is a spiritual obligation, the fulfillment of which has been left to the conscience of each Bah
. While the community is reminded of the requirements of the law of ?uq
q, no believer may be approached individually to pay it.
A number of items in Questions and Answers further elaborate this law. The payment of ?uq
h is based on the calculation of the value of the individual
s possessions. If a person has possessions equal in value to at least nineteen mithq
ls of gold (Q&A 8), it is a spiM
ritual obligation to pay nineteen percent of the total amount, once only, as ?uq
h (Q&A 89). Thereafter, whenever one
s income, after all expenses have been paid, increases the value of one
s possessions by the amount of at least nineteen mithq
ls of gold, one is to pay nineteen percent of this increase, and so on for each further increase (Q&A 8, 90).
Certain categories of possessions, such as one
s residence, are exempt from the payment of ?uq
h (Q&A 8, 42, 95), and specific provisions are outlined tM
o cover cases of financial loss (Q&A 44, 45), the failure of investments to yield a profit (Q&A 102) and for the payment of ?uq
q in the event of the person
s death (Q&A 9, 69, 80). (In this latter case, see note 47.)
Extensive extracts from Tablets, Questions and Answers, and other Writings concerning the spiritual significance of ?uq
h and the details of its application have been published in a compilation entitled ?uq
126. Various petitions have come before Our throne from the believers, conceM
rning laws from God
We have, in consequence, revealed this Holy Tablet and arrayed it with the mantle of His Law that haply the people may keep the commandments of their Lord.
For a number of years,
h states in one of His Tablets,
petitions reached the Most Holy Presence from various lands begging for the laws of God, but We held back the Pen ere the appointed time had come.
Not until twenty years from the birth of His Prophetic Mission in the S
n had elapsed did Bah
b-i-Aqdas, the Repository of the laws of His Dispensation. Even after its revelation the Aqdas was withheld by Him for some time before it was sent to the friends in Persia. This divinely purposed delay in the revelation of the basic laws of God for this age, and the subsequent gradual implementation of their provisions, illustrate the principle of progressive revelation which applies even within the ministry of each Prophet.
This is a reference to the prison-city of
is used in several allegorical and symbolic senses. (See also note 115.)
the furthermost Lote-Tree,
translated by Shoghi Effendi as
the Tree beyond which there is no passing.
This is used as a symbol in Isl
m, for example in the accounts of Mu?ammad
s Night Journey, to mark the point in the heavens beyond which neither men nor angels can pass in their approach to God, and thus to delimit the bounds of divine knowledge as reveM
aled to mankind. Hence it is often used in the Bah
Writings to designate the Manifestation of God Himself. (See also note 164.)
129. the Mother Book
is generally used to designate the central Book of a religious Dispensation. In the Qur
th, the term is used to describe the Qur
Dispensation, the Bay
n is the Mother Book, and the Kit
b-i-Aqdas is the Mother Book of the Dispensation of Bah
h. Further, the Guardian in a letter written onM
his behalf has stated that this concept can also be used as a
collective term indicating the body of the Teachings revealed by Bah
This term is also used in a broader sense to signify the Divine Repository of Revelation.
130. Whoso interpreteth what hath been sent down from the heaven of Revelation, and altereth its evident meaning
In several of His Tablets, Bah
h affirms the distinction between allegorical verses, which are susceptible to interpretation, and those verses that relate to sM
uch subjects as the laws and ordinances, worship and religious observances, whose meanings are evident and which demand compliance on the part of the believers.
As explained in notes 145 and 184, Bah
, His eldest Son, as His Successor and the Interpreter of His Teachings.
in His turn appointed His eldest grandson, Shoghi Effendi, to succeed Him as interpreter of the holy Writ and Guardian of the Cause. The interpretations of
and Shoghi Effendi are consideredM
divinely guided and are binding on the Bah
The existence of authoritative interpretations does not preclude the individual from engaging in the study of the Teachings and thereby arriving at a personal interpretation or understanding. A clear distinction is, however, drawn in the Bah
Writings between authoritative interpretation and the understanding that each individual arrives at from a study of its Teachings. Individual interpretations based on a person
s understanding of the Teachings constitute the fM
s rational power and may well contribute to a greater comprehension of the Faith. Such views, nevertheless, lack authority. In presenting their personal ideas, individuals are cautioned not to discard the authority of the revealed words, not to deny or contend with the authoritative interpretation, and not to engage in controversy; rather they should offer their thoughts as a contribution to knowledge, making it clear that their views are merely their own.
131. approach not the public pools of PersiaM
h prohibits the use of the pools found in the traditional public bathhouses of Persia. In these baths it was the custom for many people to wash themselves in the same pool and for the water to be changed at infrequent intervals. Consequently, the water was discolored, befouled and unhygienic, and had a highly offensive stench.
132. Avoid ye likewise the malodorous pools in the courtyards of Persian homes
Most houses in Persia used to have a pool in their courtyard which served as a M
reservoir for water used for cleaning, washing and other domestic purposes. Since the water in the pool was stagnant and was not usually changed for weeks at a time, it tended to develop a very unpleasant odor.
133. It is forbidden you to wed your fathers
s stepmother is here explicitly prohibited. This prohibition also applies to marrying one
s stepfather. Where Bah
h has expressed a law between a man and a woman it applies mutatis mutandis as between a woman and a man unleM
ss the context should make this impossible.
and Shoghi Effendi confirmed that, while stepmothers are the only category of relatives mentioned in the text, this does not mean that all other unions within a family are permissible. Bah
h states that it devolves upon the House of Justice to legislate
concerning the legitimacy or otherwise of marrying one
has written that the more distant the blood relationship between the couple the better, since such marriages pM
rovide the basis for the physical well-being of humanity and are conducive to fellowship among mankind.
134. the subject of boys
The word translated here as
has, in this context, in the Arabic original, the implication of pederasty. Shoghi Effendi has interpreted this reference as a prohibition on all homosexual relations.
teachings on sexual morality center on marriage and the family as the bedrock of the whole structure of human society and are designed to protect and strengthen that dM
ivine institution. Bah
law thus restricts permissible sexual intercourse to that between a man and the woman to whom he is married.
In a letter written on behalf of Shoghi Effendi it is stated:
No matter how devoted and fine the love may be between people of the same sex, to let it find expression in sexual acts is wrong. To say that it is ideal is no excuse. Immorality of every sort is really forbidden by Bah
h, and homosexual relationships He looks upon as such, besides being against nature. To be afM
flicted this way is a great burden to a conscientious soul. But through the advice and help of doctors, through a strong and determined effort, and through prayer, a soul can overcome this handicap.
h makes provision for the Universal House of Justice to determine, according to the degree of the offense, penalties for adultery and sodomy (Q&A 49).
135. To none is it permitted to mutter sacred verses before the public gaze as he walketh in the street or marketplace
This is an allusion to the prM
actice of certain clerics and religious leaders of earlier Dispensations who, out of hypocrisy and affectation, and in order to win the praise of their followers, would ostentatiously mutter prayers in public places as a demonstration of their piety. Bah
h forbids such behavior and stresses the importance of humility and genuine devotion to God.
136. Unto everyone hath been enjoined the writing of a will.
According to the Teachings of Bah
h, the individual has a duty to write a will and testameM
nt, and is free to dispose of his estate in whatever manner he chooses (see note 38).
h affirms that in drawing up his will
a person hath full jurisdiction over his property,
since God has permitted the individual
to deal with that which He hath bestowed upon him in whatever manner he may desire
(Q&A 69). Provisions are set out in the Kit
b-i-Aqdas for the distribution of inheritance in the case of intestacy. (See notes 38
137. the Most Great Name
As explained in note 33, the Greatest NM
ame of God can take various forms, all based on the word
s in the East have implemented this injunction of the Aqdas by heading their wills with such phrases as
O Thou Glory of the All-Glorious,
In the name of God, the All-Glorious
He is the All-Glorious
138. All Feasts have attained their consummation in the two Most Great Festivals, and in the two other Festivals that fall on the twin days
This passage establishes four great festivals of the Bah
the two Most Great Festivals
are, first, the Festival of Ri?v
n, which commemorates Bah
s Declaration of His Prophetic Mission in the Garden of Ri?v
d during twelve days in April/May 1863 and is referred to by Him as
the King of Festivals
s Declaration, which occurred in May 1844 in Sh
z. The first, ninth and twelfth days of the Festival of Ri?v
n are Holy Days (Q&A 1), as is the day of the Declaration of the B
re the anniversaries of the births of Bah
b. In the Muslim lunar calendar these fall on consecutive days, the birth of Bah
h on the second day of the month of Mu?arram 1233 A.H. (12 November 1817), and the birth of the B
b on the first day of the same month 1235 A.H. (20 October 1819), respectively. They are thus referred to as the
h states that these two days are accounted as one in the sight of God (Q&A 2). He states that, should they fall within the month ofM
fasting, the command to fast shall not apply on those days (Q&A 36). Given that the Bah
calendar (see notes 26 and 147) is a solar calendar, it remains for the Universal House of Justice to determine whether the Twin Holy Birthdays are to be celebrated on a solar or lunar basis.3
139. the first day of the month of Bah
calendar the first month of the year and the first day of each month are given the name
of the month of Bah
hich was ordained by the B
b as a festival and is here confirmed by Bah
h (see notes 26 and 147).
In addition to the seven Holy Days ordained in these passages of the Kit
b-i-Aqdas, the anniversary of the Martyrdom of the B
b was also commemorated as a Holy Day in the lifetime of Bah
h and, as a corollary to this,
added the observance of the Ascension of Bah
h, making nine Holy Days in all. Two other anniversaries which are observed, but on which work is not suspended, are the Day ofM
the Covenant and the anniversary of the Passing of
. See the section on the Bah
calendar in The Bah
World, volume XVIII.
140. The Most Great Festival is, indeed, the King of Festivals
A reference to the Ri?v
n Festival (see notes 107 and 138).
141. God had formerly laid upon each one of the believers the duty of offering before Our throne priceless gifts from among his possessions. Now
We have absolved them of this obligation.
This passage abrogates a provision of the Bay
ich decreed that all objects unparalleled of their kind should, upon the appearance of Him Whom God will make manifest, be rendered unto Him. The B
b explained that, since the Manifestation of God is beyond compare, whatever is peerless in its kind should rightfully be reserved for Him, unless He decrees otherwise.
142. the hour of dawn
With reference to attending dawn prayers in the Mashriqu
House of Worship, Bah
h has explained that, although the actual time specified in the BoM
it is acceptable at any time from
the earliest dawn of day, between dawn and sunrise, or even up to two hours after sunrise
143. These Tablets are embellished with the seal of Him Who causeth the dawn to appear, Who lifteth up His voice between the heavens and the earth.
h repeatedly affirms the absolute integrity of His Writings as the Word of God. Some of His Tablets also bear the mark of one of His seals. The Bah
World, volume V, p. 4, contains aM
photograph of a number of Bah
144. It is inadmissible that man, who hath been endowed with reason, should consume that which stealeth it away.
There are many references in the Bah
Writings which prohibit the use of wine and other intoxicating drinks and which describe the deleterious effect of such intoxicants on the individual. In one of His Tablets, Bah
Beware lest ye exchange the Wine of God for your own wine, for it will stupefy your minds, and turn your faces awM
ay from the Countenance of God, the All-Glorious, the Peerless, the Inaccessible. Approach it not, for it hath been forbidden unto you by the behest of God, the Exalted, the Almighty.
explains that the Aqdas prohibits
both light and strong drinks,
and He states that the reason for prohibiting the use of alcoholic drinks is because
alcohol leadeth the mind astray and causeth the weakening of the body.
Shoghi Effendi, in letters written on his behalf, states that this prohibition includes not onlM
y the consumption of wine but of
everything that deranges the mind,
and he clarifies that the use of alcohol is permitted only when it constitutes part of a medical treatment which is implemented
under the advice of a competent and conscientious physician, who may have to prescribe it for the cure of some special ailment.
145. turn your faces toward Him Whom God hath purposed, Who hath branched from this Ancient Root
as His Successor and calls upon the believersM
to turn towards Him. In the Book of the Covenant, His Will and Testament, Bah
h discloses the intention of this verse. He states:
The object of this sacred verse is none other except the Most Mighty Branch.
is one of the titles conferred by Bah
. (See also notes 66 and 184.)
n it had been forbidden you to ask Us questions.
b forbade His followers to ask questions of Him Whom God will make manifest (Bah
h), unless their queM
stions were submitted in writing and pertained to subjects worthy of His lofty station. See Selections from the Writings of the B
h removes this prohibition of the B
b. He invites the believers to ask such questions as they
and He cautions them to refrain from posing
of the kind which preoccupied
the men of former times.
147. The number of months in a year, appointed in the Book of God, is nineteen.
year, in accordance with the Bad
ists of nineteen months of nineteen days each, with the addition of certain intercalary days (four in an ordinary year and five in a leap year) between the eighteenth and nineteenth months in order to adjust the calendar to the solar year.4 The B
b named the months after certain attributes of God. The Bah
z, is astronomically fixed, coinciding with the March equinox (see note 26). For further details, including the names of the days of the week and the months, see the section on the Bah
World, volume XVIII.
148. the first hath been adorned with this Name which overshadoweth the whole of creation
b bestowed the name
on the first month of the year (see note 139).
149. The Lord hath decreed that the dead should be interred in coffins
b prescribed that the deceased should be interred in a coffin made of crystal or polished stone. Shoghi Effendi, in a letter written on his behalf, explained that the significance oM
f this provision was to show respect for the human body which
was once exalted by the immortal soul of man.
law for the burial of the dead states that it is forbidden to carry the body for more than one hour
s journey from the place of death; that the body should be wrapped in a shroud of silk or cotton, and on its finger should be placed a ring bearing the inscription
I came forth from God, and return unto Him, detached from all save Him, holding fast to His Name, the Merciful, the CompasM
; and that the coffin should be of crystal, stone or hard fine wood. A specific Prayer for the Dead (see note 10) is ordained, to be said before interment. As affirmed by
and the Guardian, this law precludes cremation of the dead. The formal prayer and the ring are meant to be used for those who have attained the age of maturity, i.e. 15 years of age (Q&A 70).
With regard to the material from which the coffin is to be made, the spirit of the law is that coffins should be of as durable a materiM
al as possible. Hence, the Universal House of Justice has explained that, in addition to the materials specified in the Aqdas, there is no objection to using the hardest wood available or concrete for the casket. For the present, the Bah
s are left free to make their own choices in this matter.
150. the Point of the Bay
is one of the titles by which the B
b referred to Himself.
151. the deceased should be enfolded in five sheets of silk or cotton
specified that the body of the deceased should be wrapped in five sheets of silk or cotton. Bah
h confirmed this provision and added the stipulation that for
those whose means are limited a single sheet of either fabric will suffice.
When asked whether the
mentioned in the law referred to
five full-length shrouds
five cloths which were hitherto customarily used,
h responded that the intention is the
Concerning the way in which the body should bM
e wrapped, there is nothing in the Bah
Writings to define how the wrapping of the body is to be done, either when
At present, the Bah
s are free to use their judgment in the matter.
152. It is forbidden you to transport the body of the deceased a greater distance than one hour
s journey from the city
The intention of this command is to limit the duration of the journey to one hour
s time, irrespective of the means of transport that are chosen to carry tM
he body to the burial site. Bah
h affirms that the sooner the burial takes place,
the more fitting and acceptable will it be
The place of death may be taken to encompass the city or town in which the person passes away, and therefore the one hour
s journey may be calculated from the city limits to the place of burial. The spirit of Bah
s law is for the deceased to be buried near where he or she dies.
153. God hath removed the restrictions on travel that had been imposed in the Bay
b decreed certain restrictions on travel which were to remain in force until the advent of the Promised One of the Bay
n, at which time the believers were instructed to set out, even if on foot, to meet Him, since the attainment of His presence was the fruit and purpose of their very existence.
154. Raise up and exalt the two Houses in the Twin Hallowed Spots, and the other sites wherein the throne of your Lord
hath been established.
as His House in BaghM
d, designated by Him as the
and the House of the B
z, both of which have been ordained by Him as sites of pilgrimage. (See Q&A 29, 32 and note 54.)
Shoghi Effendi explained that
the other sites wherein the throne of your Lord
hath been established
refers to those places where the Person of the Manifestation of God has resided. Bah
the people of the areas where these are situated may choose to preserve either each house
wherein He resided,
institutions have identified, documented, and where possible, acquired and restored a number of the historical sites associated with the Twin Manifestations.
155. Take heed lest ye be prevented by aught that hath been recorded in the Book from hearkening unto this, the Living Book
is the record of the revealed Word of the Manifestations of God. The
is a reference to the Person of the Manifestation.
These words contain an allusion to a statement of the B
which He identifies as Him Whom God will make manifest. In one of His Tablets Bah
The Book of God hath been sent down in the form of this Youth.
In this verse of the Aqdas, and again in paragraph 168 of the Aqdas, Bah
h refers to Himself as the
followers of every other Faith
reasons in their Holy Books
for refuting the utterances of the
He admonishes the people not to allow what haM
s been recorded in the
to prevent them from recognizing His Station and from holding fast to what is in this new Revelation.
156. tribute to this Revelation, from the Pen of Him Who was My Herald
h quotes in this passage is from the Arabic Bay
The Qiblih is indeed He Whom God will make manifest; whenever He moveth, it moveth, until He shall come to rest.
For a discussion of this verse see notes 7 and 8.
158. It is unlawful to enter into marriage saM
ve with a believer in the Bay
n. Should only one party to a marriage embrace this Cause, his or her possessions will become unlawful to the other
The passage of the Bay
h here quotes draws the attention of the believers to the imminence of the coming of
Him Whom God will make manifest.
Its prohibition of marriage with a non-B
and its provision that the property of a husband or wife who embraced the Faith could not lawfully pass to the non-B
spouse were explicitly held in abeyance by M
b, and were subsequently annulled by Bah
h before they could come into effect. Bah
h, in quoting this law, points to the fact that, in revealing it, the B
b had clearly anticipated the possibility that the Cause of Bah
h would rise to prominence before that of the B
In God Passes By Shoghi Effendi points out that the Bay
should be regarded primarily as a eulogy of the Promised One rather than a code of laws and ordinances designed to be a permanent guide to future generations.M
Designedly severe in the rules and regulations it imposed,
revolutionizing in the principles it instilled, calculated to awaken from their age-long torpor the clergy and the people, and to administer a sudden and fatal blow to obsolete and corrupt institutions, it proclaimed, through its drastic provisions, the advent of the anticipated Day, the Day when
the Summoner shall summon to a stern business,
demolish whatever hath been before Him, even as the Apostle of God demolished theM
ways of those that preceded Him
(see also note 109).
159. The Point of the Bay
One of the titles of the B
160. Verily, there is none other God besides Me
Writings contain many passages that elucidate the nature of the Manifestation and His relationship to God. Bah
h underlines the unique and transcendent nature of the Godhead. He explains that
since there can be no tie of direct intercourse to bind the one true God with His creation
in every age and diM
spensation a pure and stainless Soul be made manifest in the kingdoms of earth and heaven.
mysterious and ethereal Being,
the Manifestation of God, has a human nature which pertains to
and a spiritual nature
born of the substance of God Himself.
He is also endowed with a
The first station, which is related to His innermost reality, representeth Him as One Whose voice is the voice of God Himself
The second station is the human station, exemplified by the followiM
I am but a man like you.
Say, praise be to my Lord! Am I more than a man, an apostle?
h also affirms that, in the spiritual realm, there is an
between all the Manifestations of God. They all reveal the
manifest His names and attributes, and give utterance to His Revelation. In this regard, He states:
Were any of the all-embracing Manifestations of God to declare:
He, verily, speaketh the truth, and no doubt attacheth thereto. For it hath M
been repeatedly demonstrated that through their Revelation, their attributes and names, the Revelation of God, His name and His attributes, are made manifest in the world.
While the Manifestations reveal the names and attributes of God and are the means by which humanity has access to the knowledge of God and His Revelation, Shoghi Effendi states that the Manifestations should
be identified with that invisible Reality, the Essence of Divinity itself.
h, the Guardian wrote that M
human temple that has been the vehicle of so overpowering a Revelation
is not to be identified with the
Concerning the uniqueness of Bah
s station and the greatness of His Revelation, Shoghi Effendi affirms that the prophetic statements concerning the
found in the Sacred Scriptures of past Dispensations, are fulfilled by the advent of Bah
To Israel He was neither more nor less than the incarnation of the
with ten thousands of saints
; to Christendom Christ returned
in the glory of the Father
m the return of the Im
m the descent of the
(Jesus Christ); to the Zoroastrians the promised Sh
m; to the Hindus the reincarnation of Krishna; to the Buddhists the fifth Buddha.
h describes the station of
which He shares with all the Manifestations of God as
the station in which one dieth to himself and liveth in God. Divinity, whenever IM
mention it, indicateth My complete and absolute self-effacement. This is the station in which I have no control over mine own weal or woe nor over my life nor over my resurrection.
And, regarding His own relationship to God, He testifies:
When I contemplate, O my God, the relationship that bindeth me to Thee, I am moved to proclaim to all created things
; and when I consider my own self, lo, I find it coarser than clay!
t is referred to in the Qur
a regular charity binding upon Muslims. In due course the concept evolved into a form of alms tax which imposed the obligation to give a fixed portion of certain categories of income, beyond specified limits, for the relief of the poor, for various charitable purposes, and to aid the Faith of God. The limit of exemption varied for different commodities, as did the percentage payable on the portion assessable.
h states that the Bah
what hath been revealed in the Qur
Since such issues as the limits for exemption, the categories of income concerned, the frequency of payments, and the scale of rates for the various categories of Zak
t are not mentioned in the Qur
n, these matters will have to be set forth in the future by the Universal House of Justice. Shoghi Effendi has indicated that pending such legislation the believers should, according to their means and possibilities, make regular contributions to the Bah
162. It is unlawful to beg, and it is forbidden to giM
ve to him who beggeth.
expounds the meaning of this verse. He states that
mendicancy is forbidden and that giving charity to people who take up begging as their profession is also prohibited.
He further points out in that same Tablet:
The object is to uproot mendicancy altogether. However, if a person is incapable of earning a living, is stricken by dire poverty or becometh helpless, then it is incumbent on the wealthy or the Deputies to provide him with a monthly allowance for hisM
is meant the representatives of the people, that is to say the members of the House of Justice.
The prohibition against giving charity to people who beg does not preclude individuals and Spiritual Assemblies from extending financial assistance to the poor and needy or from providing them with opportunities to acquire such skills as would enable them to earn a livelihood (see note 56).
had formerly been prescribed
for anyone who was the cause of sadness to another
h abrogates the law of the Persian Bay
n concerning the payment of a fine in reparation for causing sadness to one
164. the sacred Lote-Tree
is a reference to the Sadratu
Tree beyond which there is no passing
(see note 128). It is used here symbolically to designate Bah
165. Recite ye the verses of God every morn and eventide.
h states that the essential
of the believers to
read the Word of God
With regard to the definition of
h states that it refers to
all that hath been sent down from the Heaven of Divine Utterance.
Shoghi Effendi, in a letter written to one of the believers in the East, has clarified that the term
does not include the writings of
; he has likewise indicated that this term does not apply to his own writings.
166. Ye have been enjoined to renew the furnishings oM
f your homes after the passing of each nineteen years
h confirms the injunction in the Arabic Bay
n regarding the renewal, every nineteen years, of the furnishings of one
s home, provided one is able to do so.
relates this ordinance to the promotion of refinement and cleanliness. He explains that the purpose of the law is that one should change those furnishings that become old, lose their luster and provoke repugnance. It does not apply to such things as rare or treasured articles, antM
167. Wash your feet
The believers are exhorted in the Kit
b-i-Aqdas to bathe regularly, to wear clean clothes and generally to be the essence of cleanliness and refinement. The Synopsis and Codification, section IV.D.3.y.i.
vii., summarizes the relevant provisions. In relation to the washing of the feet, Bah
h states that it is preferable to use warm water; however, washing in cold water is also permissible (Q&A 97).
168. Ye have been prohibited from making use of pulpits. Whoso M
wisheth to recite unto you the verses of his Lord, let him sit on a chair placed upon a dais
These provisions have their antecedent in the Persian Bay
b forbade the use of pulpits for the delivery of sermons and the reading of the Text. He specified, instead, that to enable all to hear the Word of God clearly, a chair for the speaker should be placed upon a platform.
In comments on this law,
and Shoghi Effendi have made it clear that in the Mashriqu
r (where sermons are prohibiteM
d and only the words of Holy Scripture may be read) the reader may stand or sit, and if necessary to be better heard, may use a low movable platform, but that no pulpit is permitted. In the case of meetings in places other than the Mashriqu
r, it is also permissible for the reader or speaker to sit or stand, and to use a platform. In one of His Tablets, when reiterating the prohibition of the use of pulpits in any location,
has stressed that when Bah
s deliver their speeches in gatherings, theM
y are to do so in an attitude of utmost humility and self-abnegation.
The activities that are included in this prohibition have not been outlined in the Writings of Bah
and Shoghi Effendi have indicated, it is left to the Universal House of Justice to specify the details of this prohibition. In response to questions about whether lotteries, betting on such things as horse races and football games, bingo, and the like, are included under the prohibition of gamblinM
g, the Universal House of Justice has indicated that this is a matter that will be considered in detail in the future. In the meantime, the Assemblies and individuals are counseled not to make an issue of these matters and to leave it to the conscience of the individual believers.
The House of Justice has ruled that it is not appropriate for funds for the Faith to be raised through lotteries, raffles, and games of chance.
170. the use of opium
any substance that induceth sluggishness and torpor
hibition of the use of opium is reiterated by Bah
h in the final paragraph of the Kit
b-i-Aqdas. In this connection, Shoghi Effendi stated that one of the requirements for
a chaste and holy life
from opium, and from similar habit-forming drugs.
Heroin, hashish and other derivatives of cannabis such as marijuana, as well as hallucinogenic agents such as LSD, peyote and similar substances, are regarded as falling under this prohibition.
As to opium, it is M
foul and accursed. God protect us from the punishment He inflicteth on the user. According to the explicit Text of the Most Holy Book, it is forbidden, and its use is utterly condemned. Reason showeth that smoking opium is a kind of insanity, and experience attesteth that the user is completely cut off from the human kingdom. May God protect all against the perpetration of an act so hideous as this, an act which layeth in ruins the very foundation of what it is to be human, and which causeth the user to be disposseM
ssed for ever and ever. For opium fasteneth on the soul so that the user
s conscience dieth, his mind is blotted away, his perceptions are eroded. It turneth the living into the dead. It quencheth the natural heat. No greater harm can be conceived than that which opium inflicteth. Fortunate are they who never even speak the name of it; then think how wretched is the user.
O ye lovers of God! In this, the cycle of Almighty God, violence and force, constraint and oppression, are one and all condemned. It is, howeverM
, mandatory that the use of opium be prevented by any means whatsoever, that perchance the human race may be delivered from this most powerful of plagues. And otherwise, woe and misery to whoso falleth short of his duty to his Lord.
In one of His Tablets
has stated concerning opium:
the user, the buyer and the seller are all deprived of the bounty and grace of God.
In yet another Tablet,
Regarding hashish you have pointed out that some Persians have become habituated M
to its use. Gracious God! This is the worst of all intoxicants, and its prohibition is explicitly revealed. Its use causeth the disintegration of thought and the complete torpor of the soul. How could anyone seek the fruit of the infernal tree, and by partaking of it, be led to exemplify the qualities of a monster? How could one use this forbidden drug, and thus deprive himself of the blessings of the All-Merciful?
Alcohol consumeth the mind and causeth man to commit acts of absurdity, but this opium, this foul frM
uit of the infernal tree, and this wicked hashish extinguish the mind, freeze the spirit, petrify the soul, waste the body and leave man frustrated and lost.
It should be noted that the above prohibition against taking certain classes of drugs does not forbid their use when prescribed by qualified physicians as part of a medical treatment.
mystery of the Great Reversal in the Sign of the Sovereign
1831), who was the founder of the Shaykh
School and the first of thM
twin luminaries that heralded the advent of the Faith of the B
prophesied that at the appearance of the Promised One all things would be reversed, the last would be first, the first last. Bah
h in one of His Tablets refers to the
mystery of the Great Reversal in the Sign of the Sovereign.
Through this reversal He hath caused the exalted to be abased and the abased to be exalted,
and He recalls that
in the days of Jesus, it was those who were distinguished foM
r their learning, the men of letters and religion, who denied Him, whilst humble fisherman made haste to gain admittance into the Kingdom
(see also note 172). For additional information about Shaykh A?mad-i-A?s
see The Dawn-Breakers, chapters 1 and 10.
raised up by virtue of this
In his writings, Shaykh A?mad-i-A?s
placed great emphasis on the Arabic letter
In The Dawn-Breakers, Nab
l states that this letter
symbolized for the B
b the advent of a new cycle of DiM
vine Revelation, and has since been alluded to by Bah
b-i-Aqdas in such passages as
the mystery of the Great Reversal
the Sign of the Sovereign.
The name for the letter
consists of three letters: V
v. According to the abjad reckoning, the numerical value of each of these letters is 6, 1 and 6 respectively. Shoghi Effendi in a letter written on his behalf to one of the believers in the East provides an interpretation of this verse of the Aqdas. He states that the
refers to the advent of the B
b. The first letter with its value of six, which comes before the Alif, is a symbol of earlier Dispensations and Manifestations which predate the B
b, while the third letter, which also has a numerical value of six, stands for Bah
s supreme Revelation which was made manifest after the Alif.
173. It hath been forbidden you to carry arms unless essential
h confirms an injunction contained in the Bay
n which makes it unlawful to carry arms, unless it is M
necessary to do so. With regard to circumstances under which the bearing of arms might be
for an individual,
gives permission to a believer for self-protection in a dangerous environment. Shoghi Effendi in a letter written on his behalf has also indicated that, in an emergency, when there is no legal force at hand to appeal to, a Bah
is justified in defending his life. There are a number of other situations in which weapons are needed and can be legitimately used; for instance, in countrM
ies where people hunt for their food and clothing, and in such sports as archery, marksmanship, and fencing.
On the societal level, the principle of collective security enunciated by Bah
h (see Gleanings from the Writings of Bah
h, CXVII) and elaborated by Shoghi Effendi (see the Guardian
s letters in The World Order of Bah
h) does not presuppose the abolition of the use of force, but prescribes
a system in which Force is made the servant of Justice,
and which provides for the existence of an iM
nternational peacekeeping force that
will safeguard the organic unity of the whole commonwealth.
In the Tablet of Bish
h expresses the hope that
weapons of war throughout the world may be converted into instruments of reconstruction and that strife and conflict may be removed from the midst of men.
In that same Tablet Bah
h stresses the importance of fellowship with the followers of all religions; He also states that
the law of holy war hath been blotted out from the Book.
rmitted you to attire yourselves in silk
According to Islamic practice, the wearing of silk by men was generally forbidden, except in times of holy war. This prohibition, which was not based on the verses of the Qur
n, was abrogated by the B
175. The Lord hath relieved you
of the restrictions that formerly applied to clothing and to the trim of the beard.
Many rules about dress had their origins in the laws and traditional practices of the world
s religions. For example, the Sh
ted for themselves a distinctive headdress and robes and, at one time, forbade the people to adopt European attire. Muslim practice, in its desire to emulate the custom of the Prophet, also introduced a number of restrictions with regard to the trim of the moustache and the length of the beard.
h removed such limitations on one
s apparel and beard. He leaves such matters to the
of the individual, and at the same time calls upon the believers not to transgress the bounds of propriety and to eM
xercise moderation in all that pertains to dress.
are the first two consonants of Kirm
n, the name of a city and province of Iran.
177. We perceive that which secretly and stealthily diffuseth from thee.
This passage is a reference to the intrigues of a group of Azal
(see note 190), associated with the city of Kirm
n. They include Mull
far, his son Shaykh A?mad-i-R
(both sons-in-law of M
. They not only sought to undermine the Faith, but involved themselves in political intrigues which culminated in the assassination of N
178. Call ye to mind the shaykh whose name was Mu?ammad-?asan
Shaykh Mu?ammad-?asan, one of the leading exponents of Sh
b. The author of voluminous writings on Sh
ih jurisprudence, he is reported to have died around 1850.
l, in The Dawn-Breakers, describes the encounter that took place in M
, one of the Letters of the Living, and Shaykh Mu?ammad-?asan. During the meeting, Mull
announced the manifestation of the B
b and extolled the potency of His Revelation. At the instigation of the shaykh, Mull
was forthwith pronounced a heretic and expelled from the assembly. He was put on trial, transported to Istanbul, and condemned to hard labor.
179. a sifter of wheat and barley
This is an allusion to Mull
k-Kun, the first person M
n to accept the Faith of the B
b. He is mentioned in the Persian Bay
n and praised as one who
donned the robe of discipleship.
In The Dawn-Breakers, Nab
l describes the unreserved acceptance of the Message by the
and his zealous advocacy of the new Revelation. He joined the company of the defenders of the Fort of Shaykh ?abars
and perished during that siege.
180. Take heed lest the word
withhold you from this Most Great Announcement
not to allow their interpretations of the Holy Scriptures to prevent them from recognizing the Manifestation of God. Followers of each religion have tended to allow their devotion to its Founder to cause them to perceive His Revelation as the final Word of God and to deny the possibility of the appearance of any subsequent Prophet. This has been the case of Judaism, Christianity and Isl
h denies the validity of this concept of finality both in relation to past Dispensations and to His own. With M
regard to Muslims, He wrote in the Kit
have allowed the words
Seal of the Prophets
to veil their eyes,
to obscure their understanding, and deprive them of the grace of all His manifold bounties!
been a sore test unto all mankind,
and laments the fate of
those who, clinging unto these words, have disbelieved in Him Who is their true Revealer.
b refers to this same theme when He warns:
Let not names shut you out as by a veil fM
rom Him Who is their Lord, even the name of Prophet, for such a name is but a creation of His utterance.
181. any reference to
debar you from the sovereignty of Him Who is the Vicegerent of God
The word here translated
is, in the original Arabic,
which has a range of meanings including
It is used in relation to God Himself, to His Manifestation, or to those who are the appointed Successors of a ManifM
In this verse of the Aqdas, Bah
h warns against allowing such concepts to blind one to the
of the new Divine Manifestation, the true
182. Call ye to mind Kar
circa 1873) was the self-appointed leader of the Shaykh
community after the death of Siyyid K
?im, who was the appointed successor to Shaykh A?mad-i-A?s
(see notes 171 and 172). He dedicated himself to the promotion of the teachings of Shaykh A?madM
. The opinions he expressed became the subject of controversy among his supporters and opponents alike.
Regarded as one of the leading savants and prolific authors of his age, he composed numerous books and epistles in the various fields of learning that were cultivated in those times. He actively opposed both the B
h, and used his treatises to attack the B
b and His Teachings. In the Kit
h condemns the tone and content of his writings and singles out for criticism one of his woM
rks which contains negative allusions to the B
b. Shoghi Effendi describes him as
inordinately ambitious and hypocritical
and describes how he
at the special request of the Sh
h had in a treatise viciously attacked the new Faith and its doctrines.
183. O ye the learned ones in Bah
h eulogizes the learned among His followers. In the Book of His Covenant, He wrote:
Blessed are the rulers and learned among the people of Bah
Referring to this statement, Shoghi Effendi has written:
are, on the one hand, the Hands of the Cause of God, and, on the other, the teachers and diffusers of His Teachings who do not rank as Hands, but who have attained an eminent position in the teaching work. As to the
they refer to the members of the Local, National and International Houses of Justice. The duties of each of these souls will be determined in the future.
The Hands of the Cause of God were individuals appointed by Bah
h and charged with various duties, especiaM
lly those of protecting and propagating His Faith. In Memorials of the Faithful
referred to other outstanding believers as Hands of the Cause, and in His Will and Testament He included a provision calling upon the Guardian of the Faith to appoint Hands of the Cause at his discretion. Shoghi Effendi first raised posthumously a number of the believers to the rank of Hands of the Cause, and during the latter years of his life appointed a total of 32 believers from all continents to this position. In the pM
eriod between the passing of Shoghi Effendi in 1957 and the election of the Universal House of Justice in 1963, the Hands of the Cause directed the affairs of the Faith in their capacity as Chief Stewards of Bah
s embryonic World Commonwealth (see note 67). In November 1964, the Universal House of Justice determined that it could not legislate to make it possible to appoint Hands of the Cause. Instead, by a decision of the House of Justice in 1968, the functions of the Hands of the Cause in relation to protM
ecting and propagating the Faith were extended into the future by the creation of the Continental Boards of Counselors, and in 1973 through the establishment of the International Teaching Center, which has its seat in the Holy Land.
The Universal House of Justice appoints the Counselor members of the International Teaching Center and the Continental Counselors. Members of Auxiliary Boards are appointed by the Continental Counselors. All these individuals fall within the definition of the
Effendi in the statement quoted above.
184. refer ye whatsoever ye understand not in the Book to Him Who hath branched from this mighty Stock
with the right of interpreting His holy Writ (see also note 145).
185. the School of Transcendent Oneness
In this verse and the ones which immediately follow it, Bah
h confronts one of the reasons some of the B
s rejected His claim to be the Promised One of the Bay
n. Their rejection was based on a Tablet addressed byM
Him Who will be made manifest
on the reverse side of which the B
May the glances of Him Whom God shall make manifest illumine this letter at the primary school.
This Tablet is published in Selections from the Writings of the B
s maintained that, since Bah
h was two years older than the B
b, it was not possible for Him to receive this Tablet
at the primary school.
h here explains that the reference is to events transpiring in the spiritual worlds beyondM
this plane of existence.
186. We accepted the verses of God
which He presented unto Us
In His Tablet addressed to
Him Who will be made manifest,
b characterizes the Bay
n as an offering from Him to Bah
h. See Selections from the Writings of the B
187. O people of the Bay
Reference to the followers of the B
188. the letters B and E were joined and knit together
Shoghi Effendi, in letters written on his behalf, has explained the significance of the
They constitute the word
means the creative Power of God Who through His command causes all things to come into being
the power of the Manifestation of God, His great spiritual creative force.
in the original Arabic is the word
consisting of the two letters
They have been translated by Shoghi Effendi in the above manner. This word has been used in the Qur
s bidding calling creation into being.
189. this new World Order
Well is it with him who fixeth his gaze upon the Order of Bah
h, and rendereth thanks unto his Lord. For He will assuredly be made manifest. God hath indeed irrevocably ordained it in the Bay
Shoghi Effendi identifies this
with the System Bah
h envisages in the Aqdas, in which He testifies to its revolutionizing effect on the life of humanity and reveals the laws and principles which govern its operation.
The features of the
ineated in the Writings of Bah
and in the letters of Shoghi Effendi and the Universal House of Justice. The institutions of the present-day Bah
Administrative Order, which constitute the
s World Order, will mature and evolve into the Bah
World Commonwealth. In this regard, Shoghi Effendi affirms that the Administrative Order
will, as its component parts, its organic institutions, begin to function with efficiency and vigor, assert its claim and demonM
strate its capacity to be regarded not only as the nucleus but the very pattern of the New World Order destined to embrace in the fullness of time the whole of mankind.
For additional information on the evolution of this new World Order, see, for example, the letters of Shoghi Effendi published in The World Order of Bah
190. O source of perversion!
This is a reference to M
, known as ?ub?-i-Azal (Morning of Eternity), a younger half-brother of Bah
h, who arose against Him and oppoM
was nominated by the B
b to serve as a figurehead for the B
community pending the imminent manifestation of the Promised One. At the instigation of Siyyid Mu?ammad-i-I?fah
betrayed the trust of the B
b, claimed to be His successor, and intrigued against Bah
h, even attempting to have Him murdered. When Bah
h formally declared His Mission to him in Adrianople, M
responded by going to the length of putting forward his own claim to be tM
he recipient of an independent Revelation. His pretensions were eventually rejected by all but a few, who became known as Azal
s (see note 177). He is described by Shoghi Effendi as the
Arch-Breaker of the Covenant of the B
(see God Passes By, chapter X).
191. remember how We nurtured thee by day and by night for service to the Cause
In God Passes By, Shoghi Effendi refers to the fact that Bah
h, Who was thirteen years older than M
, had counseled him and watched over his early youth andM
192. God hath laid hold on him who led thee astray.
A reference to Siyyid Mu?ammad-i-I?fah
, who is described by Shoghi Effendi as the
Antichrist of the Bah
He was a man of corrupt character and great personal ambition who induced M
h and to claim prophethood for himself (see note 190). Although he was an adherent of M
, Siyyid Mu?ammad was exiled with Bah
. He continued to agitate and plot against Bah
g the circumstances of his death, Shoghi Effendi has written in God Passes By:
A fresh danger now clearly threatened the life of Bah
h. Though He Himself had stringently forbidden His followers, on several occasions, both verbally and in writing, any retaliatory acts against their tormentors, and had even sent back to Beirut an irresponsible Arab convert, who had meditated avenging the wrongs suffered by his beloved Leader, seven of the companions clandestinely sought out and slew three of their persecutorM
s, among whom were Siyyid Mu?ammad and
The consternation that seized an already oppressed community was indescribable. Bah
s indignation knew no bounds.
He thus voices His emotions, in a Tablet revealed shortly after this act had been committed,
to make mention of what befell Us, the heavens would be rent asunder and the mountains would crumble.
He wrote on another occasion,
cannot harm Me. That which can harm Me is the conduct of those who love Me, who claim to be reM
lated to Me, and yet perpetrate what causeth My heart and My pen to groan.
193. Select ye a single language
h enjoins the adoption of a universal language and script. His Writings envisage two stages in this process. The first stage is to consist of the selection of an existing language or an invented one which would then be taught in all the schools of the world as an auxiliary to the mother tongues. The governments of the world through their parliaments are callM
ed upon to effect this momentous enactment. The second stage, in the distant future, would be the eventual adoption of one single language and common script for all on earth.
194. We have appointed two signs for the coming of age of the human race
The first sign of the coming of age of humanity referred to in the Writings of Bah
h is the emergence of a science which is described as that
which will include the discovery of a radical approach to the transmutation of elements. This iM
s an indication of the splendors of the future stupendous expansion of knowledge.
h indicates to have been revealed in the Kit
b-i-Aqdas, Shoghi Effendi states that Bah
in His Most Holy Book, has enjoined the selection of a single language and the adoption of a common script for all on earth to use, an injunction which, when carried out, would, as He Himself affirms in that Book, be one of the signs of the
coming of age of the human race.
into this process of mankind
s coming of age and proceeding to maturity is provided by the following statement of Bah
One of the signs of the maturity of the world is that no one will accept to bear the weight of kingship. Kingship will remain with none willing to bear alone its weight. That day will be the day whereon wisdom will be manifested among mankind.
The coming of age of the human race has been associated by Shoghi Effendi with the unification of the whole of mankind, the establishment of aM
world commonwealth, and an unprecedented stimulus to
the intellectual, the moral, and spiritual life of the entire human race.
Key to Passages Translated by Shoghi Effendi
Abbreviations of Sources
BA Shoghi Effendi. Bah
Administration: Selected Messages 1922
1932. Wilmette, Illinois: Bah
Publishing Trust, rev. edn., 1968.
BC National Spiritual Assembly of the Bah
s of the United States. The Bah
Community: A Summarization of Its Organization and Laws. Wilmette, Illinois: Bah
Publishing Trust, rev. edn., 1963.
CF Shoghi Effendi. Citadel of Faith: Messages to America, 1947
1957. Wilmette, Illinois: Bah
Publishing Trust, 1965.
h. Epistle to the Son of the Wolf. Wilmette, Illinois: Bah
Publishing Trust, 1979.
h. Gleanings from the Writings of Bah
h. Wilmette, Illinois: Bah
Publishing Trust, rev. edn., 1980.
PDC Shoghi Effendi. The Promised Day Is Come. Wilmette, Illinois: Bah
Publishing Trust, rev. edn., 1980.
SW Star of the West: The BaM
i Magazine. vol. XIV, July 1923, no. 4. Reprinted 1978. Oxford: George Ronald.
UD Shoghi Effendi. The Unfolding Destiny of the British Bah
Community. London: Bah
Publishing Trust, 1981.
WOB Shoghi Effendi. The World Order of Bah
h: Selected Letters. Wilmette, Illinois: Bah
Publishing Trust, 1974.
Identification of Passages
His decisive decree.
We have commanded you to pray and fast
We have enjoined upon you fasting
The traveler, the ailing
appointed in the Book.
The Lord hath ordained
It behooveth them to be the trusted ones
O ye that perceive.
O ye servants of the Merciful
compassed the world.
O ye Men of Justice
Let not your hearts
O kings of the earth! He Who is the sovereign Lord
O Emperor of Austria!
Say: O King of Berlin!
We have asked nothing
O concourse of kings!
Hearken ye, O Rulers of America
the Ordainer, the All-Wise.
O Spot that art situate
the All-Knowing, the All-Wise.
O banks of the Rhine!
Let nothing grieve thee
Say: O leaders of religion
The Lord hath granted
When the ocean of My Presence
Consider the pettiness
Consort with all religions
the Most Bountiful.
O concourse of divines! When My
We have rent the veils
O concourse of divines! Beware lest
Tear the veils asunder
When the Mystic Dove
the Mighty, the Loving.
Other Notes and References in this Publication
Questions and Answers
First month of the Islamic lunar calendar ?
In Arabic the two verses differ in gender ?
This relates to the minimum duration of a journey which exempts the traveler from fasting ?
The vernal equinox in the Northern Hemisphere ?
The Tablet containing the three Obligatory Prayers now in use ?
This refers to a volume of approximatelyM
one-half of a cubic meter ?
Color, taste and smell ?
Synopsis and Codification
The method of dividing the estate is to be applied in cases of intestacy. See item o. in this section ?
On 10 July 2014, the Universal House of Justice announced the adoption of provisions for the common implementation of the Bad
calendar beginning at Naw-R
z 172 (sunset 20 March 2015). The first day of the month of fasting now varies according to the day on which Naw-R
z of the coming year falls. ?
ssage dated 10 July 2014 concerning the common implementation of the Bad
calendar beginning at Naw-R
z 172, the Universal House of Justice designated Tihr
n as the spot on the earth that would serve as the standard for determining, by means of astronomical computations from reliable sources, the moment of the vernal equinox in the northern hemisphere and thereby the day of Naw-R
In its message dated 10 July 2014 concerning the common implementation of the Bad
calendar, the Universal House of Justice stateM
d that the Festivals of the Twin Birthdays are to be observed on the first and the second day following the occurrence of the eighth new moon after Naw-R
z, as determined in advance by astronomical tables using Tihr
n as the point of reference. ?
With the implementation of the Bad
calendar as announced by the Universal House of Justice in its message dated 10 July 2014, the number of intercalary days varies according to the timing of the vernal equinox in successive years. ?
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The WONDERFUL
WIZARD
OF
OZ
BY L. Frank Baum
W. W. Denslow.
Geo. M. Hill Co.
New York.
INTRODUCTION.
Folk lore, legends, myths and fairy tales have followed childhood
through the ages, for every heaM
lthy youngster has a wholesome and
instinctive love for stories fantastic, marvelous and manifestly
unreal. The winged fairies of Grimm and Andersen have brought more
happiness to childish hearts than all other human creations.
Yet the old-time fairy tale, having served for generations, may
now be classed as "historical" in the children's library; for the
time has come for a series of newer "wonder tales" in which the
stereotyped genie, dwarf and fairy are eliminated, together with all
the horrible and blM
ood-curdling incident devised by their authors
to point a fearsome moral to each tale. Modern education includes
morality; therefore the modern child seeks only entertainment in its
wonder-tales and gladly dispenses with all disagreeable incident.
Having this thought in mind, the story of "The Wonderful Wizard of
Oz" was written solely to pleasure children of today. It aspires to
being a modernized fairy tale, in which the wonderment and joy are
retained and the heart-aches and nightmaresM
L. FRANK BAUM.
CHICAGO, APRIL, 1900.
and W. W. Denslow.
All rights reserved
LIST OF CHAPTERS.
CHAPTER I.--The Cyclone.
CHAPTER II.--The Council with The Munchkins.
CHAPTER III.--How Dorothy Saved the Scarecrow.
CHAPTER IV.--The Road Through the Forest.
CHAPTER V.--The Rescue of the Tin Woodman.
CHAPTER VI.--The Cowardly LionM
CHAPTER VII.--The Journey to The Great Oz.
CHAPTER VIII.--The Deadly Poppy Field.
CHAPTER IX.--The Queen of the Field Mice.
CHAPTER X.--The Guardian of the Gates.
CHAPTER XI.--The Wonderful Emerald City of Oz.
CHAPTER XII.--The Search for the Wicked Witch.
CHAPTER XIII.--How the Four were Reunited.
CHAPTER XIV.--The Winged Monkeys.
CHAPTER XV.--The Discovery of Oz the Terrible.
CHAPTER XVI.--The Magic Art of the Great Humbug.
CHAPTER XVII.--How the Balloon waM
CHAPTER XVIII.--Away to the South.
CHAPTER XIX.--Attacked by the Fighting Trees.
CHAPTER XX.--The Dainty China Country.
CHAPTER XXI.--The Lion Becomes the King of Beasts.
CHAPTER XXII.--The Country of the Quadlings.
CHAPTER XXIII.--The Good Witch grants Dorothy's Wish.
CHAPTER XXIV.--Home Again.
_This book is dedicated to my
good friend & comrade.
My Wife
L.F.B._
Chapter I.
The Cyclone.
Dorothy lived in the midst of the great Kansas prairies, with Uncle
Henry, who was a farmer, and Aunt Em, who was the farmer's wife.
Their house was small, for the lumber to build it had to be carried
by wagon many miles. There were four walls, a floor and a roof,
which made one room; and this room contained a rusty looking cooking
stove, a cupboard for the dishes, a table, three or four chairs,
. Uncle Henry and Aunt Em had a big bed in one corner,
and Dorothy a little bed in another corner. There was no garret at
all, and no cellar--except a small hole, dug in the ground, called a
cyclone cellar, where the family could go in case one of those great
whirlwinds arose, mighty enough to crush any building in its path. It
was reached by a trap-door in the middle of the floor, from which a
ladder led down into the small, dark hole.
When Dorothy stood in the doorway and looked around, she could see
thing but the great gray prairie on every side. Not a tree nor a
house broke the broad sweep of flat country that reached the edge of
the sky in all directions. The sun had baked the plowed land into a
gray mass, with little cracks running through it. Even the grass was
not green, for the sun had burned the tops of the long blades until
they were the same gray color to be seen everywhere. Once the house had
been painted, but the sun blistered the paint and the rains washed it
away, and now the house was as dM
ull and gray as everything else.
[Illustration: "_She caught Toto by the ear._"]
When Aunt Em came there to live she was a young, pretty wife. The
sun and wind had changed her, too. They had taken the sparkle from
her eyes and left them a sober gray; they had taken the red from her
cheeks and lips, and they were gray also. She was thin and gaunt,
and never smiled, now. When Dorothy, who was an orphan, first came
to her, Aunt Em had been so startled by the child's laughter that
she would scream and pressM
her hand upon her heart whenever Dorothy's
merry voice reached her ears; and she still looked at the little girl
with wonder that she could find anything to laugh at.
Uncle Henry never laughed. He worked hard from morning till night and
did not know what joy was. He was gray also, from his long beard to
his rough boots, and he looked stern and solemn, and rarely spoke.
It was Toto that made Dorothy laugh, and saved her from growing as
gray as her other surroundings. Toto was not gray; he was a little
lack dog, with long, silky hair and small black eyes that twinkled
merrily on either side of his funny, wee nose. Toto played all day
long, and Dorothy played with him, and loved him dearly.
To-day, however, they were not playing. Uncle Henry sat upon the
door-step and looked anxiously at the sky, which was even grayer than
usual. Dorothy stood in the door with Toto in her arms, and looked at
the sky too. Aunt Em was washing the dishes.
From the far north they heard a low wail of the wiM
Henry and Dorothy could see where the long grass bowed in waves
before the coming storm. There now came a sharp whistling in the
air from the south, and as they turned their eyes that way they saw
ripples in the grass coming from that direction also.
Suddenly Uncle Henry stood up.
"There's a cyclone coming, Em," he called to his wife; "I'll go look
after the stock." Then he ran toward the sheds where the cows and
Aunt Em dropped her work and came to the door. One glancM
the danger close at hand.
"Quick, Dorothy!" she screamed; "run for the cellar!"
Toto jumped out of Dorothy's arms and hid under the bed, and the
girl started to get him. Aunt Em, badly frightened, threw open the
trap-door in the floor and climbed down the ladder into the small,
dark hole. Dorothy caught Toto at last, and started to follow her
aunt. When she was half way across the room there came a great shriek
from the wind, and the house shook so hard that she lost her footing
own suddenly upon the floor.
A strange thing then happened.
The house whirled around two or three times and rose slowly through
the air. Dorothy felt as if she were going up in a balloon.
The north and south winds met where the house stood, and made it the
exact center of the cyclone. In the middle of a cyclone the air is
generally still, but the great pressure of the wind on every side of
the house raised it up higher and higher, until it was at the very
top of the cyclone; and there it remained and M
was carried miles and
miles away as easily as you could carry a feather.
It was very dark, and the wind howled horribly around her, but
Dorothy found she was riding quite easily. After the first few whirls
around, and one other time when the house tipped badly, she felt as
if she were being rocked gently, like a baby in a cradle.
Toto did not like it. He ran about the room, now here, now there,
barking loudly; but Dorothy sat quite still on the floor and waited
to see what would happen.
too near the open trap-door, and fell in; and at first
the little girl thought she had lost him. But soon she saw one of his
ears sticking up through the hole, for the strong pressure of the air
was keeping him up so that he could not fall. She crept to the hole,
caught Toto by the ear, and dragged him into the room again; afterward
closing the trap-door so that no more accidents could happen.
Hour after hour passed away, and slowly Dorothy got over her fright;
but she felt quite lonely, and the wind shriM
eked so loudly all about
her that she nearly became deaf. At first she had wondered if she
would be dashed to pieces when the house fell again; but as the hours
passed and nothing terrible happened, she stopped worrying and
resolved to wait calmly and see what the future would bring. At last
she crawled over the swaying floor to her bed, and lay down upon it;
and Toto followed and lay down beside her.
In spite of the swaying of the house and the wailing of the wind,
Dorothy soon closed her eyes and fell fM
Chapter II.
The Council with
The Munchkins.
She was awakened by a shock, so sudden and severe that if Dorothy
had not been lying on the soft bed she might have been hurt. As it
was, the jar made her catch her breath and wonder what had happened;
and Toto put his cold little nose into her face and whined dismally.
Dorothy sat up and noticed tM
hat the house was not moving; nor was it
dark, for the bright sunshine came in at the window, flooding the
little room. She sprang from her bed and with Toto at her heels ran
and opened the door.
The little girl gave a cry of amazement and looked about her, her
eyes growing bigger and bigger at the wonderful sights she saw.
The cyclone had set the house down, very gently--for a cyclone--in
the midst of a country of marvelous beauty. There were lovely patches
of green sward all about, with stately trees M
luscious fruits. Banks of gorgeous flowers were on every hand, and
birds with rare and brilliant plumage sang and fluttered in the trees
and bushes. A little way off was a small brook, rushing and sparkling
along between green banks, and murmuring in a voice very grateful to
a little girl who had lived so long on the dry, gray prairies.
While she stood looking eagerly at the strange and beautiful sights,
she noticed coming toward her a group of the queerest people she had
were not as big as the grown folk she had always been
used to; but neither were they very small. In fact, they seemed about
as tall as Dorothy, who was a well-grown child for her age, although
they were, so far as looks go, many years older.
[Illustration: "_I am the Witch of the North._"]
Three were men and one a woman, and all were oddly dressed. They wore
round hats that rose to a small point a foot above their heads, with
little bells around the brims that tinkled sweetly as they moved. The
the men were blue; the little woman's hat was white, and she
wore a white gown that hung in plaits from her shoulders; over it were
sprinkled little stars that glistened in the sun like diamonds. The men
were dressed in blue, of the same shade as their hats, and wore well
polished boots with a deep roll of blue at the tops. The men, Dorothy
thought, were about as old as Uncle Henry, for two of them had beards.
But the little woman was doubtless much older: her face was covered
with wrinkles, her hair was neaM
rly white, and she walked rather stiffly.
When these people drew near the house where Dorothy was standing in
the doorway, they paused and whispered among themselves, as if afraid
to come farther. But the little old woman walked up to Dorothy, made
a low bow and said, in a sweet voice,
"You are welcome, most noble Sorceress, to the land of the Munchkins.
We are so grateful to you for having killed the wicked Witch of the
East, and for setting our people free from bondage."
stened to this speech with wonder. What could the little
woman possibly mean by calling her a sorceress, and saying she
had killed the wicked Witch of the East? Dorothy was an innocent,
harmless little girl, who had been carried by a cyclone many miles
from home; and she had never killed anything in all her life.
But the little woman evidently expected her to answer; so Dorothy
said, with hesitation,
"You are very kind; but there must be some mistake. I have not killed
"Your house did, anyM
way," replied the little old woman, with a laugh;
"and that is the same thing. See!" she continued, pointing to the
corner of the house; "there are her two toes, still sticking out from
under a block of wood."
Dorothy looked, and gave a little cry of fright. There, indeed, just
under the corner of the great beam the house rested on, two feet were
sticking out, shod in silver shoes with pointed toes.
"Oh, dear! oh, dear!" cried Dorothy, clasping her hands together in
dismay; "the house must have fallen oM
n her. What ever shall we do?"
"There is nothing to be done," said the little woman, calmly.
"But who was she?" asked Dorothy.
"She was the wicked Witch of the East, as I said," answered the
little woman. "She has held all the Munchkins in bondage for many
years, making them slave for her night and day. Now they are all set
free, and are grateful to you for the favour."
"Who are the Munchkins?" enquired Dorothy.
"They are the people who live in this land of the East, where the
"Are you a Munchkin?" asked Dorothy.
"No; but I am their friend, although I live in the land of the North.
When they saw the Witch of the East was dead the Munchkins sent a swift
messenger to me, and I came at once. I am the Witch of the North."
"Oh, gracious!" cried Dorothy; "are you a real witch?"
"Yes, indeed;" answered the little woman. "But I am a good witch, and
the people love me. I am not as powerful as the wicked Witch was who
ruled here, or I should have set the people M
"But I thought all witches were wicked," said the girl, who was half
frightened at facing a real witch.
"Oh, no; that is a great mistake. There were only four witches in all
the Land of Oz, and two of them, those who live in the North and the
South, are good witches. I know this is true, for I am one of them
myself, and cannot be mistaken. Those who dwelt in the East and the
West were, indeed, wicked witches; but now that you have killed one
of them, there is but one wicked Witch in all thM
e Land of Oz--the one
who lives in the West."
"But," said Dorothy, after a moment's thought, "Aunt Em has told me
that the witches were all dead--years and years ago."
"Who is Aunt Em?" inquired the little old woman.
"She is my aunt who lives in Kansas, where I came from."
The Witch of the North seemed to think for a time, with her head
bowed and her eyes upon the ground. Then she looked up and said,
"I do not know where Kansas is, for I have never heard that country
mentioned before. But tell meM
, is it a civilized country?"
"Oh, yes;" replied Dorothy.
"Then that accounts for it. In the civilized countries I believe
there are no witches left; nor wizards, nor sorceresses, nor
magicians. But, you see, the Land of Oz has never been civilized, for
we are cut off from all the rest of the world. Therefore we still
have witches and wizards amongst us."
"Who are the Wizards?" asked Dorothy.
"Oz himself is the Great Wizard," answered the Witch, sinking her
voice to a whisper. "He is more powerful M
than all the rest of us
together. He lives in the City of Emeralds."
Dorothy was going to ask another question, but just then the Munchkins,
who had been standing silently by, gave a loud shout and pointed to the
corner of the house where the Wicked Witch had been lying.
"What is it?" asked the little old woman; and looked, and began
to laugh. The feet of the dead Witch had disappeared entirely and
nothing was left but the silver shoes.
"She was so old," explained the Witch of the NoM
rth, "that she dried
up quickly in the sun. That is the end of her. But the silver shoes
are yours, and you shall have them to wear." She reached down and
picked up the shoes, and after shaking the dust out of them handed
"The Witch of the East was proud of those silver shoes," said one of
the Munchkins; "and there is some charm connected with them; but what
it is we never knew."
Dorothy carried the shoes into the house and placed them on the
table. Then she came out again to the MunchM
"I am anxious to get back to my Aunt and Uncle, for I am sure they
will worry about me. Can you help me find my way?"
The Munchkins and the Witch first looked at one another, and then at
Dorothy, and then shook their heads.
"At the East, not far from here," said one, "there is a great desert,
and none could live to cross it."
"It is the same at the South," said another, "for I have been there
and seen it. The South is the country of the Quadlings."
"I am told," said the third man, M
"that it is the same at the West. And
that country, where the Winkies live, is ruled by the wicked Witch of
the West, who would make you her slave if you passed her way."
"The North is my home," said the old lady, "and at its edge is the
same great desert that surrounds this land of Oz. I'm afraid, my
dear, you will have to live with us."
Dorothy began to sob, at this, for she felt lonely among all
these strange people. Her tears seemed to grieve the kind-hearted
Munchkins, for they immediately took outM
their handkerchiefs and
began to weep also. As for the little old woman, she took off her
cap and balanced the point on the end of her nose, while she counted
"one, two, three" in a solemn voice. At once the cap changed to a
slate, on which was written in big, white chalk marks:
"LET DOROTHY GO TO THE CITY OF EMERALDS."
The little old woman took the slate from her nose, and, having read
the words on it, asked,
"Is your name Dorothy, my dear?"
"Yes," answered the child, looking upM
and drying her tears.
"Then you must go to the City of Emeralds. Perhaps Oz will help you."
"Where is this City?" asked Dorothy.
"It is exactly in the center of the country, and is ruled by Oz, the
Great Wizard I told you of."
"Is he a good man?" enquired the girl, anxiously.
"He is a good Wizard. Whether he is a man or not I cannot tell, for I
have never seen him."
"How can I get there?" asked Dorothy.
"You must walk. It is a long journey, through a country that is
sometimes pleasant and sM
ometimes dark and terrible. However, I will
use all the magic arts I know of to keep you from harm."
"Won't you go with me?" pleaded the girl, who had begun to look upon
the little old woman as her only friend.
"No, I cannot do that," she replied; "but I will give you my kiss,
and no one will dare injure a person who has been kissed by the Witch
She came close to Dorothy and kissed her gently on the forehead.
Where her lips touched the girl they left a round, shining mark, as
ound out soon after.
"The road to the City of Emeralds is paved with yellow brick," said the
Witch; "so you cannot miss it. When you get to Oz do not be afraid of
him, but tell your story and ask him to help you. Good-bye, my dear."
The three Munchkins bowed low to her and wished her a pleasant
journey, after which they walked away through the trees. The Witch
gave Dorothy a friendly little nod, whirled around on her left heel
three times, and straightway disappeared, much to the surpriM
little Toto, who barked after her loudly enough when she had gone,
because he had been afraid even to growl while she stood by.
But Dorothy, knowing her to be a witch, had expected her to disappear
in just that way, and was not surprised in the least.
Chapter III
How Dorothy saved
the Scarecrow.
When Dorothy was left alone she began to feel hungry. So she went
to the cupboard and cut M
herself some bread, which she spread with
butter. She gave some to Toto, and taking a pail from the shelf
she carried it down to the little brook and filled it with clear,
sparkling water. Toto ran over to the trees and began to bark at the
birds sitting there. Dorothy went to get him, and saw such delicious
fruit hanging from the branches that she gathered some of it, finding
it just what she wanted to help out her breakfast.
Then she went back to the house, and having helped herself and Toto
rink of the cool, clear water, she set about making ready
for the journey to the City of Emeralds.
Dorothy had only one other dress, but that happened to be clean and
was hanging on a peg beside her bed. It was gingham, with checks
of white and blue; and although the blue was somewhat faded with
many washings, it was still a pretty frock. The girl washed herself
carefully, dressed herself in the clean gingham, and tied her pink
sunbonnet on her head. She took a little basket and filled it with
the cupboard, laying a white cloth over the top. Then she
looked down at her feet and noticed how old and worn her shoes were.
"They surely will never do for a long journey, Toto," she said. And
Toto looked up into her face with his little black eyes and wagged
his tail to show he knew what she meant.
At that moment Dorothy saw lying on the table the silver shoes that
had belonged to the Witch of the East.
"I wonder if they will fit me," she said to Toto. "They would be just
the thing to take a long wM
alk in, for they could not wear out."
She took off her old leather shoes and tried on the silver ones,
which fitted her as well as if they had been made for her.
Finally she picked up her basket.
"Come along, Toto," she said, "we will go to the Emerald City and ask
the great Oz how to get back to Kansas again."
She closed the door, locked it, and put the key carefully in the
pocket of her dress. And so, with Toto trotting along soberly behind
her, she started on her journey.
There were several roM
ads near by, but it did not take her long to
find the one paved with yellow brick. Within a short time she was
walking briskly toward the Emerald City, her silver shoes tinkling
merrily on the hard, yellow roadbed. The sun shone bright and the
birds sang sweet and Dorothy did not feel nearly as bad as you might
think a little girl would who had been suddenly whisked away from her
own country and set down in the midst of a strange land.
She was surprised, as she walked along, to see how prM
was about her. There were neat fences at the sides of the road,
painted a dainty blue color, and beyond them were fields of grain and
vegetables in abundance. Evidently the Munchkins were good farmers
and able to raise large crops. Once in a while she would pass a
house, and the people came out to look at her and bow low as she
went by; for everyone knew she had been the means of destroying the
wicked witch and setting them free from bondage. The houses of the
Munchkins were odd looking dweM
llings, for each was round, with a big
dome for a roof. All were painted blue, for in this country of the
East blue was the favorite color.
Towards evening, when Dorothy was tired with her long walk and began
to wonder where she should pass the night, she came to a house rather
larger than the rest. On the green lawn before it many men and women
were dancing. Five little fiddlers played as loudly as possible and
the people were laughing and singing, while a big table near by was
loaded with delicious fruiM
ts and nuts, pies and cakes, and many other
The people greeted Dorothy kindly, and invited her to supper and to
pass the night with them; for this was the home of one of the richest
Munchkins in the land, and his friends were gathered with him to
celebrate their freedom from the bondage of the wicked witch.
Dorothy ate a hearty supper and was waited upon by the rich Munchkin
himself, whose name was Boq. Then she sat down upon a settee and
watched the people dance.
silver shoes he said,
"You must be a great sorceress."
"Why?" asked the girl.
"Because you wear silver shoes and have killed the wicked witch.
Besides, you have white in your frock, and only witches and
sorceresses wear white."
[Illustration: "_You must be a great sorceress._"]
"My dress is blue and white checked," said Dorothy, smoothing out the
"It is kind of you to wear that," said Boq. "Blue is the color of
the Munchkins, and white is the witch color; so we know you are a
Dorothy did not know what to say to this, for all the people seemed
to think her a witch, and she knew very well she was only an ordinary
little girl who had come by the chance of a cyclone into a strange land.
When she had tired watching the dancing, Boq led her into the house,
where he gave her a room with a pretty bed in it. The sheets were
made of blue cloth, and Dorothy slept soundly in them till morning,
with Toto curled up on the blue rug beside her.
She ate a hearty breakfastM
, and watched a wee Munchkin baby, who
played with Toto and pulled his tail and crowed and laughed in a way
that greatly amused Dorothy. Toto was a fine curiosity to all the
people, for they had never seen a dog before.
"How far is it to the Emerald City?" the girl asked.
"I do not know," answered Boq, gravely, "for I have never been there.
It is better for people to keep away from Oz, unless they have
business with him. But it is a long way to the Emerald City, and it
ny days. The country here is rich and pleasant, but
you must pass through rough and dangerous places before you reach the
end of your journey."
This worried Dorothy a little, but she knew that only the great Oz
could help her get to Kansas again, so she bravely resolved not to
She bade her friends good-bye, and again started along the road of
yellow brick. When she had gone several miles she thought she would
stop to rest, and so climbed to the top of the fence beside the road
There was a great cornfield beyond the fence, and not
far away she saw a Scarecrow, placed high on a pole to keep the birds
Dorothy leaned her chin upon her hand and gazed thoughtfully at the
Scarecrow. Its head was a small sack stuffed with straw, with eyes,
nose and mouth painted on it to represent a face. An old, pointed
blue hat, that had belonged to some Munchkin, was perched on this
head, and the rest of the figure was a blue suit of clothes, worn and
faded, which had also been sM
tuffed with straw. On the feet were some
old boots with blue tops, such as every man wore in this country, and
the figure was raised above the stalks of corn by means of the pole
[Illustration: "_Dorothy gazed thoughtfully at the Scarecrow._"]
While Dorothy was looking earnestly into the queer, painted face of
the Scarecrow, she was surprised to see one of the eyes slowly wink
at her. She thought she must have been mistaken, at first, for none of
the scarecrows in Kansas ever wink; buM
t presently the figure nodded its
head to her in a friendly way. Then she climbed down from the fence and
walked up to it, while Toto ran around the pole and barked.
"Good day," said the Scarecrow, in a rather husky voice.
"Did you speak?" asked the girl, in wonder.
"Certainly," answered the Scarecrow; "how do you do?"
"I'm pretty well, thank you," replied Dorothy, politely; "how do you
"I'm not feeling well," said the Scarecrow, with a smile, "for it is
very tedious being perched up here niM
ght and day to scare away crows."
"Can't you get down?" asked Dorothy.
"No, for this pole is stuck up my back. If you will please take away
the pole I shall be greatly obliged to you."
Dorothy reached up both arms and lifted the figure off the pole; for,
being stuffed with straw, it was quite light.
"Thank you very much," said the Scarecrow, when he had been set down
on the ground. "I feel like a new man."
Dorothy was puzzled at this, for it sounded queer to hear a stuffed
man speak, and to see hM
im bow and walk along beside her.
"Who are you?" asked the Scarecrow, when he had stretched himself and
yawned, "and where are you going?"
"My name is Dorothy," said the girl, "and I am going to the Emerald
City, to ask the great Oz to send me back to Kansas."
"Where is the Emerald City?" he enquired; "and who is Oz?"
"Why, don't you know?" she returned, in surprise.
"No, indeed; I don't know anything. You see, I am stuffed, so I have
no brains at all," he answered, sadly.
," said Dorothy; "I'm awfully sorry for you."
"Do you think," he asked, "If I go to the Emerald City with you, that
the great Oz would give me some brains?"
"I cannot tell," she returned; "but you may come with me, if you
like. If Oz will not give you any brains you will be no worse off
"That is true," said the Scarecrow. "You see," he continued,
confidentially, "I don't mind my legs and arms and body being stuffed,
because I cannot get hurt. If anyone treads on my toes or sticks a
pin into me, it doesn't matter, for I cant feel it. But I do not want
people to call me a fool, and if my head stays stuffed with straw
instead of with brains, as yours is, how am I ever to know anything?"
"I understand how you feel," said the little girl, who was truly
sorry for him. "If you will come with me I'll ask Oz to do all he can
"Thank you," he answered, gratefully.
They walked back to the road, Dorothy helped him over the fence, and
they started along the path of yellow brick forM
Toto did not like this addition to the party, at first. He smelled
around the stuffed man as if he suspected there might be a nest of
rats in the straw, and he often growled in an unfriendly way at the
"Don't mind Toto," said Dorothy, to her new friend; "he never bites."
"Oh, I'm not afraid," replied the Scarecrow, "he can't hurt the
straw. Do let me carry that basket for you. I shall not mind it,
for I can't get tired. I'll tell you a secret," he continued, as he
along; "there is only one thing in the world I am afraid of."
"What is that?" asked Dorothy; "the Munchkin farmer who made you?"
"No," answered the Scarecrow; "it's a lighted match."
Chapter IV.
The Road through
the Forest.
After a few hours the road began to be rough, and the walking grew so
difficult that the Scarecrow often stumbled over the yellow bricks,
which were here very unevM
en. Sometimes, indeed, they were broken or
missing altogether, leaving holes that Toto jumped across and Dorothy
walked around. As for the Scarecrow, having no brains he walked
straight ahead, and so stepped into the holes and fell at full length
on the hard bricks. It never hurt him, however, and Dorothy would
pick him up and set him upon his feet again, while he joined her in
laughing merrily at his own mishap.
The farms were not nearly so well cared for here as they were farther
There were fewer houses and fewer fruit trees, and the farther
they went the more dismal and lonesome the country became.
At noon they sat down by the roadside, near a little brook, and
Dorothy opened her basket and got out some bread. She offered a piece
to the Scarecrow, but he refused.
"I am never hungry," he said; "and it is a lucky thing I am not. For
my mouth is only painted, and if I should cut a hole in it so I could
eat, the straw I am stuffed with would come out, and that would spoil
Dorothy saw at once that this was true, so she only nodded and went
on eating her bread.
"Tell me something about yourself, and the country you came from,"
said the Scarecrow, when she had finished her dinner. So she told
him all about Kansas, and how gray everything was there, and how
the cyclone had carried her to this queer land of Oz. The Scarecrow
listened carefully, and said,
"I cannot understand why you should wish to leave this beautiful
country and go back to the dry, gray plaM
ce you call Kansas."
[Illustration: "_'I was only made yesterday,' said the Scarecrow._"]
"That is because you have no brains," answered the girl. "No matter
how dreary and gray our homes are, we people of flesh and blood
would rather live there than in any other country, be it ever so
beautiful. There is no place like home."
The Scarecrow sighed.
"Of course I cannot understand it," he said. "If your heads were
stuffed with straw, like mine, you would probably all live in the
beautiful places, and M
then Kansas would have no people at all. It is
fortunate for Kansas that you have brains."
"Won't you tell me a story, while we are resting?" asked the child.
The Scarecrow looked at her reproachfully, and answered,
"My life has been so short that I really know nothing whatever. I was
only made day before yesterday. What happened in the world before
that time is all unknown to me. Luckily, when the farmer made my
head, one of the first things he did was to paint my ears, so that I
heard what was goingM
on. There was another Munchkin with him, and the
first thing I heard was the farmer saying,
"'How do you like those ears?'
"'They aren't straight,' answered the other.
"'Never mind,' said the farmer; 'they are ears just the same,' which
"'Now I'll make the eyes,' said the farmer. So he painted my right
eye, and as soon as it was finished I found myself looking at him and
at everything around me with a great deal of curiosity, for this was
my first glimpse of the world.
a rather pretty eye,' remarked the Munchkin who was watching
the farmer; 'blue paint is just the color for eyes.'
"'I think I'll make the other a little bigger,' said the farmer; and
when the second eye was done I could see much better than before.
Then he made my nose and my mouth; but I did not speak, because
at that time I didn't know what a mouth was for. I had the fun of
watching them make my body and my arms and legs; and when they
fastened on my head, at last, I felt very proud, for I thought I wasM
just as good a man as anyone.
"'This fellow will scare the crows fast enough,' said the farmer; 'he
looks just like a man.'
"'Why, he is a man,' said the other, and I quite agreed with him. The
farmer carried me under his arm to the cornfield, and set me up on a
tall stick, where you found me. He and his friend soon after walked
away and left me alone.
"I did not like to be deserted this way; so I tried to walk after
them, but my feet would not touch the ground, and I was forced to
e. It was a lonely life to lead, for I had nothing to
think of, having been made such a little while before. Many crows and
other birds flew into the cornfield, but as soon as they saw me they
flew away again, thinking I was a Munchkin; and this pleased me and
made me feel that I was quite an important person. By and by an old
crow flew near me, and after looking at me carefully he perched upon
my shoulder and said,
"'I wonder if that farmer thought to fool me in this clumsy manner.
crow of sense could see that you are only stuffed with straw.'
Then he hopped down at my feet and ate all the corn he wanted. The
other birds, seeing he was not harmed by me, came to eat the corn
too, so in a short time there was a great flock of them about me."
"I felt sad at this, for it showed I was not such a good Scarecrow
after all; but the old crow comforted me, saying: 'If you only had
brains in your head you would be as good a man as any of them, and a
better man than some of them. Brains are the M
only things worth having
in this world, no matter whether one is a crow or a man.'
"After the crows had gone I thought this over, and decided I would
try hard to get some brains. By good luck, you came along and pulled
me off the stake, and from what you say I am sure the great Oz will
give me brains as soon as we get to the Emerald City."
"I hope so," said Dorothy, earnestly, "since you seem anxious to have
"Oh yes; I am anxious," returned the Scarecrow. "It is such an
uncomfortable feeling tM
o know one is a fool."
"Well," said the girl, "let us go." And she handed the basket to the
There were no fences at all by the road side now, and the land was
rough and untilled. Towards evening they came to a great forest,
where the trees grew so big and close together that their branches
met over the road of yellow brick. It was almost dark under the
trees, for the branches shut out the daylight; but the travellers did
not stop, and went on into the forest.
d goes in, it must come out," said the Scarecrow, "and as
the Emerald City is at the other end of the road, we must go wherever
"Anyone would know that," said Dorothy.
"Certainly; that is why I know it," returned the Scarecrow. "If it
required brains to figure it out, I never should have said it."
After an hour or so the light faded away, and they found themselves
stumbling along in the darkness. Dorothy could not see at all,
but Toto could, for some dogs see very well in the dark; and tM
Scarecrow declared he could see as well as by day. So she took hold
of his arm, and managed to get along fairly well.
"If you see any house, or any place where we can pass the night," she
said, "you must tell me; for it is very uncomfortable walking in the
Soon after the Scarecrow stopped.
"I see a little cottage at the right of us," he said, "built of logs
and branches. Shall we go there?"
"Yes, indeed;" answered the child. "I am all tired out."
So the Scarecrow led her through the trM
ees until they reached the
cottage, and Dorothy entered and found a bed of dried leaves in one
corner. She lay down at once, and with Toto beside her soon fell
into a sound sleep. The Scarecrow, who was never tired, stood up in
another corner and waited patiently until morning came.
Chapter V.
The Rescue of
the Tin Woodman
When Dorothy awoke the sun was M
shining through the trees and Toto
had long been out chasing birds and squirrels. She sat up and looked
around her. There was the Scarecrow, still standing patiently in his
corner, waiting for her.
"We must go and search for water," she said to him.
"Why do you want water?" he asked.
"To wash my face clean after the dust of the road, and to drink, so
the dry bread will not stick in my throat."
"It must be inconvenient to be made of flesh," said the Scarecrow,
thoughtfully; "for you must sleep, and M
eat and drink. However, you
have brains, and it is worth a lot of bother to be able to think
They left the cottage and walked through the trees until they found a
little spring of clear water, where Dorothy drank and bathed and ate
her breakfast. She saw there was not much bread left in the basket,
and the girl was thankful the Scarecrow did not have to eat anything,
for there was scarcely enough for herself and Toto for the day.
When she had finished her meal, and was about to go back to theM
of yellow brick, she was startled to hear a deep groan near by.
"What was that?" she asked, timidly.
"I cannot imagine," replied the Scarecrow; "but we can go and see."
Just then another groan reached their ears, and the sound seemed to
come from behind them. They turned and walked through the forest a
few steps, when Dorothy discovered something shining in a ray of
sunshine that fell between the trees. She ran to the place, and then
stopped short, with a cry of surprise.
One of the big treesM
had been partly chopped through, and standing
beside it, with an uplifted axe in his hands, was a man made entirely
of tin. His head and arms and legs were jointed upon his body, but he
stood perfectly motionless, as if he could not stir at all.
Dorothy looked at him in amazement, and so did the Scarecrow, while
Toto barked sharply and made a snap at the tin legs, which hurt his
"Did you groan?" asked Dorothy.
"Yes," answered the tin man; "I did. I've been groaning for more than
o one has ever heard me before or come to help me."
"What can I do for you?" she enquired, softly, for she was moved by
the sad voice in which the man spoke.
"Get an oil-can and oil my joints," he answered. "They are rusted so
badly that I cannot move them at all; if I am well oiled I shall soon
be all right again. You will find an oil-can on a shelf in my cottage."
Dorothy at once ran back to the cottage and found the oil-can, and
then she returned and asked, anxiously,
"Oil my neck, first," replied the Tin Woodman. So she oiled it, and
as it was quite badly rusted the Scarecrow took hold of the tin head
and moved it gently from side to side until it worked freely, and
then the man could turn it himself.
"Now oil the joints in my arms," he said. And Dorothy oiled them and
the Scarecrow bent them carefully until they were quite free from
rust and as good as new.
The Tin Woodman gave a sigh of satisfaction and lowered his axe,
which he leaned against thM
"This is a great comfort," he said. "I have been holding that axe in
the air ever since I rusted, and I'm glad to be able to put it down
at last. Now, if you will oil the joints of my legs, I shall be all
So they oiled his legs until he could move them freely; and he
thanked them again and again for his release, for he seemed a very
polite creature, and very grateful.
"I might have stood there always if you had not come along," he said;
"so you have certainly saved my life. M
How did you happen to be here?"
"We are on our way to the Emerald City, to see the great Oz," she
answered, "and we stopped at your cottage to pass the night."
"Why do you wish to see Oz?" he asked.
"I want him to send me back to Kansas; and the Scarecrow wants him to
put a few brains into his head," she replied.
The Tin Woodman appeared to think deeply for a moment. Then he said:
"Do you suppose Oz could give me a heart?"
"Why, I guess so," Dorothy answered; "it would be as easy as to give
[Illustration: "_'This is a great comfort,' said the Tin Woodman._"]
"True," the Tin Woodman returned. "So, if you will allow me to join
your party, I will also go to the Emerald City and ask Oz to help me."
"Come along," said the Scarecrow, heartily; and Dorothy added
that she would be pleased to have his company. So the Tin Woodman
shouldered his axe and they all passed through the forest until they
came to the road that was paved with yellow brick.
The Tin Woodman had asked DoM
rothy to put the oil-can in her basket.
"For," he said, "if I should get caught in the rain, and rust again,
I would need the oil-can badly."
It was a bit of good luck to have their new comrade join the party,
for soon after they had begun their journey again they came to a place
where the trees and branches grew so thick over the road that the
travellers could not pass. But the Tin Woodman set to work with his axe
and chopped so well that soon he cleared a passage for the entire party.
king so earnestly as they walked along that she did
not notice when the Scarecrow stumbled into a hole and rolled over to
the side of the road. Indeed, he was obliged to call to her to help
"Why didn't you walk around the hole?" asked the Tin Woodman.
"I don't know enough," replied the Scarecrow, cheerfully. "My head is
stuffed with straw, you know, and that is why I am going to Oz to ask
him for some brains."
"Oh, I see;" said the Tin Woodman. "But, after all, brains are not
hings in the world."
"Have you any?" enquired the Scarecrow.
"No, my head is quite empty," answered the Woodman; "but once I had
brains, and a heart also; so, having tried them both, I should much
rather have a heart."
"And why is that?" asked the Scarecrow.
"I will tell you my story, and then you will know."
So, while they were walking through the forest, the Tin Woodman told
the following story:
"I was born the son of a woodman who chopped down trees in the
forest and sold the wood for a livM
ing. When I grew up I too became a
wood-chopper, and after my father died I took care of my old mother
as long as she lived. Then I made up my mind that instead of living
alone I would marry, so that I might not become lonely.
"There was one of the Munchkin girls who was so beautiful that I
soon grew to love her with all my heart. She, on her part, promised
to marry me as soon as I could earn enough money to build a better
house for her; so I set to work harder than ever. But the girl livM
with an old woman who did not want her to marry anyone, for she was
so lazy she wished the girl to remain with her and do the cooking
and the housework. So the old woman went to the wicked Witch of the
East, and promised her two sheep and a cow if she would prevent the
marriage. Thereupon the wicked Witch enchanted my axe, and when I was
chopping away at my best one day, for I was anxious to get the new
house and my wife as soon as possible, the axe slipped all at once
and cut off my left leg.
t first seemed a great misfortune, for I knew a one-legged man
could not do very well as a wood-chopper. So I went to a tin-smith
and had him make me a new leg out of tin. The leg worked very well,
once I was used to it; but my action angered the wicked Witch of
the East, for she had promised the old woman I should not marry the
pretty Munchkin girl. When I began chopping again my axe slipped and
cut off my right leg. Again I went to the tinner, and again he made
me a leg out of tin. After this the enchantedM
axe cut off my arms,
one after the other; but, nothing daunted, I had them replaced with
tin ones. The wicked Witch then made the axe slip and cut off my
head, and at first I thought that was the end of me. But the tinner
happened to come along, and he made me a new head out of tin.
"I thought I had beaten the wicked Witch then, and I worked harder than
ever; but I little knew how cruel my enemy could be. She thought of a
new way to kill my love for the beautiful Munchkin maiden, and made my
in, so that it cut right through my body, splitting me
into two halves. Once more the tinner came to my help and made me a
body of tin, fastening my tin arms and legs and head to it, by means of
joints, so that I could move around as well as ever. But, alas! I had
now no heart, so that I lost all my love for the Munchkin girl, and did
not care whether I married her or not. I suppose she is still living
with the old woman, waiting for me to come after her.
"My body shone so brightly in theM
sun that I felt very proud of it
and it did not matter now if my axe slipped, for it could not cut me.
There was only one danger--that my joints would rust; but I kept an
oil-can in my cottage and took care to oil myself whenever I needed
it. However, there came a day when I forgot to do this, and, being
caught in a rainstorm, before I thought of the danger my joints had
rusted, and I was left to stand in the woods until you came to help
me. It was a terrible thing to undergo, but during the year I stood
here I had time to think that the greatest loss I had known was
the loss of my heart. While I was in love I was the happiest man on
earth; but no one can love who has not a heart, and so I am resolved
to ask Oz to give me one. If he does, I will go back to the Munchkin
maiden and marry her."
Both Dorothy and the Scarecrow had been greatly interested in the
story of the Tin Woodman, and now they knew why he was so anxious to
"All the same," said the Scarecrow, "I shall ask for brains insM
of a heart; for a fool would not know what to do with a heart if he
"I shall take the heart," returned the Tin Woodman; "for brains do
not make one happy, and happiness is the best thing in the world."
Dorothy did not say anything, for she was puzzled to know which of
her two friends was right, and she decided if she could only get back
to Kansas and Aunt Em it did not matter so much whether the Woodman
had no brains and the Scarecrow no heart, or each got what he wanted.
What worried her most was that the bread was nearly gone, and another
meal for herself and Toto would empty the basket. To be sure neither
the Woodman nor the Scarecrow ever ate anything, but she was not made
of tin nor straw, and could not live unless she was fed.
Chapter VI.
The Cowardly
Lion.
[Illustration: "_You ought to be ashamed of yourself!_"]
time Dorothy and her companions had been walking through the
thick woods. The road was still paved with yellow brick, but these
were much covered by dried branches and dead leaves from the trees,
and the walking was not at all good.
There were few birds in this part of the forest, for birds love the
open country where there is plenty of sunshine; but now and then
there came a deep growl from some wild animal hidden among the trees.
These sounds made the little girl's heart beat fast, for she did not
what made them; but Toto knew, and he walked close to Dorothy's
side, and did not even bark in return.
"How long will it be," the child asked of the Tin Woodman, "before we
are out of the forest?"
"I cannot tell," was the answer, "for I have never been to the
Emerald City. But my father went there once, when I was a boy, and
he said it was a long journey through a dangerous country, although
nearer to the city where Oz dwells the country is beautiful. But I
am not afraid so long as I have my oil-can, aM
nd nothing can hurt the
Scarecrow, while you bear upon your forehead the mark of the good
Witch's kiss, and that will protect you from harm."
"But Toto!" said the girl, anxiously; "what will protect him?"
"We must protect him ourselves, if he is in danger," replied the Tin
Just as he spoke there came from the forest a terrible roar, and the
next moment a great Lion bounded into the road. With one blow of his
paw he sent the Scarecrow spinning over and over to the edge of the
e struck at the Tin Woodman with his sharp claws.
But, to the Lion's surprise, he could make no impression on the tin,
although the Woodman fell over in the road and lay still.
Little Toto, now that he had an enemy to face, ran barking toward the
Lion, and the great beast had opened his mouth to bite the dog, when
Dorothy, fearing Toto would be killed, and heedless of danger, rushed
forward and slapped the Lion upon his nose as hard as she could,
while she cried out:
"Don't you dare to bite Toto! You ouM
ght to be ashamed of yourself, a
big beast like you, to bite a poor little dog!"
"I didn't bite him," said the Lion, as he rubbed his nose with his
paw where Dorothy had hit it.
"No, but you tried to," she retorted. "You are nothing but a big
"I know it," said the Lion, hanging his head in shame; "I've always
known it. But how can I help it?"
"I don't know, I'm sure. To think of your striking a stuffed man,
like the poor Scarecrow!"
"Is he stuffed?" asked the Lion, in surprise, as he waM
up the Scarecrow and set him upon his feet, while she patted him into
"Of course he's stuffed," replied Dorothy, who was still angry.
"That's why he went over so easily," remarked the Lion. "It astonished
me to see him whirl around so. Is the other one stuffed, also?"
"No," said Dorothy, "he's made of tin." And she helped the Woodman up
"That's why he nearly blunted my claws," said the Lion. "When they
scratched against the tin it made a cold shiver run down my baM
What is that little animal you are so tender of?"
"He is my dog, Toto," answered Dorothy.
"Is he made of tin, or stuffed?" asked the Lion.
"Neither. He's a--a--a meat dog," said the girl.
"Oh. He's a curious animal, and seems remarkably small, now that I
look at him. No one would think of biting such a little thing except
a coward like me," continued the Lion, sadly.
"What makes you a coward?" asked Dorothy, looking at the great beast
in wonder, for he was as big as a small horse.
"It's a mystery," replied the Lion. "I suppose I was born that
way. All the other animals in the forest naturally expect me to be
brave, for the Lion is everywhere thought to be the King of Beasts.
I learned that if I roared very loudly every living thing was
frightened and got out of my way. Whenever I've met a man I've been
awfully scared; but I just roared at him, and he has always run away
as fast as he could go. If the elephants and the tigers and the bears
had ever tried to fight me, I shouldM
have run myself--I'm such a
coward; but just as soon as they hear me roar they all try to get
away from me, and of course I let them go."
"But that isn't right. The King of Beasts shouldn't be a coward,"
"I know it," returned the Lion, wiping a tear from his eye with the
tip of his tail; "it is my great sorrow, and makes my life very
unhappy. But whenever there is danger my heart begins to beat fast."
"Perhaps you have heart disease," said the Tin Woodman.
"It may be," said theM
"If you have," continued the Tin Woodman, "you ought to be glad, for
it proves you have a heart. For my part, I have no heart; so I cannot
have heart disease."
"Perhaps," said the Lion, thoughtfully, "if I had no heart I should
"Have you brains?" asked the Scarecrow.
"I suppose so. I've never looked to see," replied the Lion.
"I am going to the great Oz to ask him to give me some," remarked the
Scarecrow, "for my head is stuffed with straw."
"And I am going to ask him M
to give me a heart," said the Woodman.
"And I am going to ask him to send Toto and me back to Kansas," added
"Do you think Oz could give me courage?" asked the cowardly Lion.
"Just as easily as he could give me brains," said the Scarecrow.
"Or give me a heart," said the Tin Woodman.
"Or send me back to Kansas," said Dorothy.
"Then, if you don't mind, I'll go with you," said the Lion, "for my
life is simply unbearable without a bit of courage."
"You will be very welcome," answered DorM
othy, "for you will help to
keep away the other wild beasts. It seems to me they must be more
cowardly than you are if they allow you to scare them so easily."
"They really are," said the Lion; "but that doesn't make me any braver,
and as long as I know myself to be a coward I shall be unhappy."
So once more the little company set off upon the journey, the Lion
walking with stately strides at Dorothy's side. Toto did not approve
this new comrade at first, for he could not forget how nearly he
rushed between the Lion's great jaws; but after a time he
became more at ease, and presently Toto and the Cowardly Lion had
grown to be good friends.
During the rest of that day there was no other adventure to mar the
peace of their journey. Once, indeed, the Tin Woodman stepped upon a
beetle that was crawling along the road, and killed the poor little
thing. This made the Tin Woodman very unhappy, for he was always
careful not to hurt any living creature; and as he walked along he
wept several tears of sM
orrow and regret. These tears ran slowly down
his face and over the hinges of his jaw, and there they rusted.
When Dorothy presently asked him a question the Tin Woodman could
not open his mouth, for his jaws were tightly rusted together. He
became greatly frightened at this and made many motions to Dorothy to
relieve him, but she could not understand. The Lion was also puzzled
to know what was wrong. But the Scarecrow seized the oil-can from
Dorothy's basket and oiled the Woodman's jaws, so that after a fewM
moments he could talk as well as before.
"This will serve me a lesson," said he, "to look where I step. For if
I should kill another bug or beetle I should surely cry again, and
crying rusts my jaw so that I cannot speak."
Thereafter he walked very carefully, with his eyes on the road,
and when he saw a tiny ant toiling by he would step over it, so as
not to harm it. The Tin Woodman knew very well he had no heart, and
therefore he took great care never to be cruel or unkind to anythinM
"You people with hearts," he said, "have something to guide you,
and need never do wrong; but I have no heart, and so I must be very
careful. When Oz gives me a heart of course I needn't mind so much."
Chapter VII.
The Journey to
The Great Oz.
They were obliged to camp out that night under a large tree in the
forest, for there were no houses near. The tree made a gooM
covering to protect them from the dew, and the Tin Woodman chopped a
great pile of wood with his axe and Dorothy built a splendid fire that
warmed her and made her feel less lonely. She and Toto ate the last of
their bread, and now she did not know what they would do for breakfast.
"If you wish," said the Lion, "I will go into the forest and kill a
deer for you. You can roast it by the fire, since your tastes are so
peculiar that you prefer cooked food, and then you will have a very
"Don't! please don't," begged the Tin Woodman. "I should certainly
weep if you killed a poor deer, and then my jaws would rust again."
But the Lion went away into the forest and found his own supper, and no
one ever knew what it was, for he didn't mention it. And the Scarecrow
found a tree full of nuts and filled Dorothy's basket with them, so
that she would not be hungry for a long time. She thought this was very
kind and thoughtful of the Scarecrow, but she laughed heartily at theM
awkward way in which the poor creature picked up the nuts. His padded
hands were so clumsy and the nuts were so small that he dropped almost
as many as he put in the basket. But the Scarecrow did not mind how
long it took him to fill the basket, for it enabled him to keep away
from the fire, as he feared a spark might get into his straw and burn
him up. So he kept a good distance away from the flames, and only came
near to cover Dorothy with dry leaves when she lay down to sleep. These
kept her very snug aM
nd warm and she slept soundly until morning.
When it was daylight the girl bathed her face in a little rippling
brook and soon after they all started toward the Emerald City.
This was to be an eventful day for the travellers. They had hardly
been walking an hour when they saw before them a great ditch that
crossed the road and divided the forest as far as they could see on
either side. It was a very wide ditch, and when they crept up to the
edge and looked into it they could see it was also very deep, anM
there were many big, jagged rocks at the bottom. The sides were so
steep that none of them could climb down, and for a moment it seemed
that their journey must end.
"What shall we do?" asked Dorothy, despairingly.
"I haven't the faintest idea," said the Tin Woodman; and the Lion
shook his shaggy mane and looked thoughtful. But the Scarecrow said:
"We cannot fly, that is certain; neither can we climb down into this
great ditch. Therefore, if we cannot jump over it, we must stop where
think I could jump over it," said the Cowardly Lion, after
measuring the distance carefully in his mind.
"Then we are all right," answered the Scarecrow, "for you can carry
us all over on your back, one at a time."
"Well, I'll try it," said the Lion. "Who will go first?"
"I will," declared the Scarecrow; "for, if you found that you could
not jump over the gulf, Dorothy would be killed, or the Tin Woodman
badly dented on the rocks below. But if I am on your back it will not
matter so much, for the fallM
would not hurt me at all."
"I am terribly afraid of falling, myself," said the Cowardly Lion,
"but I suppose there is nothing to do but try it. So get on my back
and we will make the attempt."
The Scarecrow sat upon the Lion's back, and the big beast walked to
the edge of the gulf and crouched down.
"Why don't you run and jump?" asked the Scarecrow.
"Because that isn't the way we Lions do these things," he replied.
Then giving a great spring, he shot through the air and landed safM
on the other side. They were all greatly pleased to see how easily he
did it, and after the Scarecrow had got down from his back the Lion
sprang across the ditch again.
Dorothy thought she would go next; so she took Toto in her arms and
climbed on the Lion's back, holding tightly to his mane with one
hand. The next moment it seemed as if she was flying through the air;
and then, before she had time to think about it, she was safe on the
other side. The Lion went back a third time and got the Tin WoodmM
and then they all sat down for a few moments to give the beast a
chance to rest, for his great leaps had made his breath short, and he
panted like a big dog that has been running too long.
They found the forest very thick on this side, and it looked dark
and gloomy. After the Lion had rested they started along the road
of yellow brick, silently wondering, each in his own mind, if ever
they would come to the end of the woods and reach the bright sunshine
again. To add to their discomfM
ort, they soon heard strange noises in
the depths of the forest, and the Lion whispered to them that it was
in this part of the country that the Kalidahs lived.
"What are the Kalidahs?" asked the girl.
"They are monstrous beasts with bodies like bears and heads like
tigers," replied the Lion; "and with claws so long and sharp that
they could tear me in two as easily as I could kill Toto. I'm
terribly afraid of the Kalidahs."
"I'm not surprised that you are," returned Dorothy "They must be
The Lion was about to reply when suddenly they came to another gulf
across the road; but this one was so broad and deep that the Lion
knew at once he could not leap across it.
So they sat down to consider what they should do, and after serious
thought the Scarecrow said,
"Here is a great tree, standing close to the ditch. If the Tin
Woodman can chop it down, so that it will fall to the other side, we
can walk across it easily."
"That is a first rate idea," said the Lion. "One would almost suM
you had brains in your head, instead of straw."
The Woodman set to work at once, and so sharp was his axe that the
tree was soon chopped nearly through. Then the Lion put his strong
front legs against the tree and pushed with all his might, and slowly
the big tree tipped and fell with a crash across the ditch, with its
top branches on the other side.
They had just started to cross this queer bridge when a sharp growl
made them all look up, and to their horror they saw running toward
t beasts with bodies like bears and heads like tigers.
"They are the Kalidahs!" said the Cowardly Lion, beginning to tremble.
"Quick!" cried the Scarecrow, "let us cross over."
[Illustration: "_The tree fell with a crash into the gulf._"]
So Dorothy went first, holding Toto in her arms; the Tin Woodman
followed, and the Scarecrow came next. The Lion, although he was
certainly afraid, turned to face the Kalidahs, and then he gave so
loud and terrible a roar that Dorothy screamed and the Scarecrow fellM
over backwards, while even the fierce beasts stopped short and looked
But, seeing they were bigger than the Lion, and remembering that
there were two of them and only one of him, the Kalidahs again rushed
forward, and the Lion crossed over the tree and turned to see what
they would do next. Without stopping an instant the fierce beasts
also began to cross the tree, and the Lion said to Dorothy,
"We are lost, for they will surely tear us to pieces with their sharp
lose behind me, and I will fight them as long as I
"Wait a minute!" called the Scarecrow. He had been thinking what was
best to be done, and now he asked the Woodman to chop away the end
of the tree that rested on their side of the ditch. The Tin Woodman
began to use his axe at once, and, just as the two Kalidahs were
nearly across, the tree fell with a crash into the gulf, carrying the
ugly, snarling brutes with it, and both were dashed to pieces on the
sharp rocks at the bottom.
id the Cowardly Lion, drawing a long breath of relief, "I
see we are going to live a little while longer, and I am glad of it,
for it must be a very uncomfortable thing not to be alive. Those
creatures frightened me so badly that my heart is beating yet."
"Ah." said the Tin Woodman, sadly, "I wish I had a heart to beat."
This adventure made the travellers more anxious than ever to get out of
the forest, and they walked so fast that Dorothy became tired, and had
to ride on the Lion's bacM
k. To their great joy the trees became thinner
the further they advanced, and in the afternoon they suddenly came upon
a broad river, flowing swiftly just before them. On the other side of
the water they could see the road of yellow brick running through a
beautiful country, with green meadows dotted with bright flowers and
all the road bordered with trees hanging full of delicious fruits. They
were greatly pleased to see this delightful country before them.
"How shall we cross the river?" asked Dorothy.
"That is easily done," replied the Scarecrow. "The Tin Woodman must
build us a raft, so we can float to the other side."
So the Woodman took his axe and began to chop down small trees to make
a raft, and while he was busy at this the Scarecrow found on the river
bank a tree full of fine fruit. This pleased Dorothy, who had eaten
nothing but nuts all day, and she made a hearty meal of the ripe fruit.
But it takes time to make a raft, even when one is as industrious and
untiring as the Tin Woodman, and wM
hen night came the work was not done.
So they found a cozy place under the trees where they slept well until
the morning; and Dorothy dreamed of the Emerald City, and of the good
Wizard Oz, who would soon send her back to her own home again.
Chapter VIII.
The Deadly
Poppy Field.
Our little party of travellers awakened next morning refreshed and
hope, and Dorothy breakfasted like a princess off peaches and
plums from the trees beside the river.
Behind them was the dark forest they had passed safely through,
although they had suffered many discouragements; but before them was a
lovely, sunny country that seemed to beckon them on to the Emerald City.
To be sure, the broad river now cut them off from this beautiful
land; but the raft was nearly done, and after the Tin Woodman had cut
a few more logs and fastened them together with wooden pins, theM
were ready to start. Dorothy sat down in the middle of the raft and
held Toto in her arms. When the Cowardly Lion stepped upon the raft
it tipped badly, for he was big and heavy; but the Scarecrow and the
Tin Woodman stood upon the other end to steady it, and they had long
poles in their hands to push the raft through the water.
They got along quite well at first, but when they reached the middle
of the river the swift current swept the raft down stream, farther
and farther away from the road of yellow M
brick; and the water grew so
deep that the long poles would not touch the bottom.
"This is bad," said the Tin Woodman, "for if we cannot get to the
land we shall be carried into the country of the wicked Witch of the
West, and she will enchant us and make us her slaves."
"And then I should get no brains," said the Scarecrow.
"And I should get no courage," said the Cowardly Lion.
"And I should get no heart," said the Tin Woodman.
"And I should never get back to Kansas," said DorotM
"We must certainly get to the Emerald City if we can," the Scarecrow
continued, and he pushed so hard on his long pole that it stuck fast
in the mud at the bottom of the river, and before he could pull it
out again, or let go, the raft was swept away and the poor Scarecrow
left clinging to the pole in the middle of the river.
"Good bye!" he called after them, and they were very sorry to leave
him; indeed, the Tin Woodman began to cry, but fortunately remembered
that he might rust, and so dried his tM
ears on Dorothy's apron.
Of course this was a bad thing for the Scarecrow.
"I am now worse off than when I first met Dorothy," he thought.
"Then, I was stuck on a pole in a cornfield, where I could make
believe scare the crows, at any rate; but surely there is no use for
a Scarecrow stuck on a pole in the middle of a river. I am afraid I
shall never have any brains, after all!"
Down the stream the raft floated, and the poor Scarecrow was left far
behind. Then the Lion said:
hing must be done to save us. I think I can swim to the shore
and pull the raft after me, if you will only hold fast to the tip of
So he sprang into the water and the Tin Woodman caught fast hold
of his tail, when the Lion began to swim with all his might toward
the shore. It was hard work, although he was so big; but by and by
they were drawn out of the current, and then Dorothy took the Tin
Woodman's long pole and helped push the raft to the land.
They were all tired out whM
en they reached the shore at last and
stepped off upon the pretty green grass, and they also knew that the
stream had carried them a long way past the road of yellow brick that
led to the Emerald City.
"What shall we do now?" asked the Tin Woodman, as the Lion lay down
on the grass to let the sun dry him.
"We must get back to the road, in some way," said Dorothy.
"The best plan will be to walk along the river bank until we come to
the road again," remarked the Lion.
So, when they were rested, DorotM
hy picked up her basket and they
started along the grassy bank, back to the road from which the river
had carried them. It was a lovely country, with plenty of flowers
and fruit trees and sunshine to cheer them, and had they not felt so
sorry for the poor Scarecrow they could have been very happy.
They walked along as fast as they could, Dorothy only stopping once to
pick a beautiful flower; and after a time the Tin Woodman cried out,
Then they all looked at the river and saw the Scarecrow perM
his pole in the middle of the water, looking very lonely and sad.
"What can we do to save him?" asked Dorothy.
The Lion and the Woodman both shook their heads, for they did not
know. So they sat down upon the bank and gazed wistfully at the
Scarecrow until a Stork flew by, which, seeing them, stopped to rest
at the water's edge.
"Who are you, and where are you going?" asked the Stork.
"I am Dorothy," answered the girl; "and these are my friends, the Tin
Woodman and the Cowardly Lion; and M
we are going to the Emerald City."
"This isn't the road," said the Stork, as she twisted her long neck
and looked sharply at the queer party.
"I know it," returned Dorothy, "but we have lost the Scarecrow, and
are wondering how we shall get him again."
"Where is he?" asked the Stork.
"Over there in the river," answered the girl.
"If he wasn't so big and heavy I would get him for you," remarked the
"He isn't heavy a bit," said Dorothy, eagerly, "for he is stuffed
with straw; and if you wM
ill bring him back to us we shall thank you
ever and ever so much."
"Well, I'll try," said the Stork; "but if I find he is too heavy to
carry I shall have to drop him in the river again."
So the big bird flew into the air and over the water till she came to
where the Scarecrow was perched upon his pole. Then the Stork with
her great claws grabbed the Scarecrow by the arm and carried him up
into the air and back to the bank, where Dorothy and the Lion and the
Tin Woodman and Toto were sitting.
e Scarecrow found himself among his friends again he was so
happy that he hugged them all, even the Lion and Toto; and as they
walked along he sang "Tol-de-ri-de-oh!" at every step, he felt so gay.
"I was afraid I should have to stay in the river forever," he said,
"but the kind Stork saved me, and if I ever get any brains I shall
find the Stork again and do it some kindness in return."
"That's all right," said the Stork, who was flying along beside them.
"I always like to help anyone in trouble. But I mM
my babies are waiting in the nest for me. I hope you will find the
Emerald City and that Oz will help you."
"Thank you," replied Dorothy, and then the kind Stork flew into the
air and was soon out of sight.
[Illustration: "_The Stork carried him up into the air._"]
They walked along listening to the singing of the bright-colored
birds and looking at the lovely flowers which now became so thick that
the ground was carpeted with them. There were big yellow and white and
blossoms, besides great clusters of scarlet poppies,
which were so brilliant in color they almost dazzled Dorothy's eyes.
"Aren't they beautiful?" the girl asked, as she breathed in the spicy
scent of the flowers.
"I suppose so," answered the Scarecrow. "When I have brains I shall
probably like them better."
"If I only had a heart I should love them," added the Tin Woodman.
"I always did like flowers," said the Lion; "they seem so helpless
and frail. But there are none in the forest so bright as theM
They now came upon more and more of the big scarlet poppies, and
fewer and fewer of the other flowers; and soon they found themselves
in the midst of a great meadow of poppies. Now it is well known
that when there are many of these flowers together their odor is so
powerful that anyone who breathes it falls asleep, and if the sleeper
is not carried away from the scent of the flowers he sleeps on and on
forever. But Dorothy did not know this, nor could she get away from
the bright red flowers that werM
e everywhere about; so presently her
eyes grew heavy and she felt she must sit down to rest and to sleep.
But the Tin Woodman would not let her do this.
"We must hurry and get back to the road of yellow brick before dark,"
he said; and the Scarecrow agreed with him. So they kept walking
until Dorothy could stand no longer. Her eyes closed in spite of
herself and she forgot where she was and fell among the poppies, fast
"What shall we do?" asked the Tin Woodman.
"If we leave her here she wilM
l die," said the Lion. "The smell of the
flowers is killing us all. I myself can scarcely keep my eyes open
and the dog is asleep already."
It was true; Toto had fallen down beside his little mistress. But
the Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman, not being made of flesh, were not
troubled by the scent of the flowers.
"Run fast," said the Scarecrow to the Lion, "and get out of this
deadly flower-bed as soon as you can. We will bring the little girl
with us, but if you should fall asleep you aM
re too big to be carried."
So the Lion aroused himself and bounded forward as fast as he could
go. In a moment he was out of sight.
"Let us make a chair with our hands, and carry her," said the
Scarecrow. So they picked up Toto and put the dog in Dorothy's lap, and
then they made a chair with their hands for the seat and their arms for
the arms and carried the sleeping girl between them through the flowers.
On and on they walked, and it seemed that the great carpet of deadly
flowers that surrounded thM
em would never end. They followed the bend
of the river, and at last came upon their friend the Lion, lying
fast asleep among the poppies. The flowers had been too strong for
the huge beast and he had given up, at last, and fallen only a short
distance from the end of the poppy-bed, where the sweet grass spread
in beautiful green fields before them.
"We can do nothing for him," said the Tin Woodman, sadly; "for he is
much too heavy to lift. We must leave him here to sleep on forever,
and perhaps he will dM
ream that he has found courage at last."
"I'm sorry," said the Scarecrow; "the Lion was a very good comrade
for one so cowardly. But let us go on."
They carried the sleeping girl to a pretty spot beside the river,
far enough from the poppy field to prevent her breathing any more of
the poison of the flowers, and here they laid her gently on the soft
grass and waited for the fresh breeze to waken her.
Chapter IX.
The QuM
Field Mice.
"We cannot be far from the road of yellow brick, now," remarked the
Scarecrow, as he stood beside the girl, "for we have come nearly as
far as the river carried us away."
The Tin Woodman was about to reply when he heard a low growl, and
turning his head (which worked beautifully on hinges) he saw a
strange beast come bounding over the grass towards them. It was,
indeed, a great, yellow wildcat, and the Woodman thoM
chasing something, for its ears were lying close to its head and its
mouth was wide open, showing two rows of ugly teeth, while its red
eyes glowed like balls of fire. As it came nearer the Tin Woodman
saw that running before the beast was a little gray field-mouse, and
although he had no heart he knew it was wrong for the wildcat to try
to kill such a pretty, harmless creature.
So the Woodman raised his axe, and as the wildcat ran by he gave it a
quick blow that cut the beast's head cleanM
off from its body, and it
rolled over at his feet in two pieces.
The field-mouse, now that it was freed from its enemy, stopped short;
and coming slowly up to the Woodman it said, in a squeaky little voice,
"Oh, thank you! Thank you ever so much for saving my life."
"Don't speak of it, I beg of you," replied the Woodman. "I have no
heart, you know, so I am careful to help all those who may need a
friend, even if it happens to be only a mouse."
"Only a mouse!" cried the little animal, indignantly; "M
Queen--the Queen of all the field-mice!"
"Oh, indeed," said the Woodman, making a bow.
"Therefore you have done a great deed, as well as a brave one, in
saving my life," added the Queen.
At that moment several mice were seen running up as fast as their
little legs could carry them, and when they saw their Queen they
[Illustration: "_Permit me to introduce to you her Majesty, the
"Oh, your Majesty, we thought you would be killed! How did you manage
great Wildcat?" and they all bowed so low to the
little Queen that they almost stood upon their heads.
"This funny tin man," she answered, "killed the Wildcat and saved my
life. So hereafter you must all serve him, and obey his slightest wish."
"We will!" cried all the mice, in a shrill chorus. And then they
scampered in all directions, for Toto had awakened from his sleep,
and seeing all these mice around him he gave one bark of delight and
jumped right into the middle of the group. Toto had always loveM
chase mice when he lived in Kansas, and he saw no harm in it.
But the Tin Woodman caught the dog in his arms and held him tight,
while he called to the mice: "Come back! come back! Toto shall not
At this the Queen of the Mice stuck her head out from a clump of
grass and asked, in a timid voice,
"Are you sure he will not bite us?"
"I will not let him," said the Woodman; "so do not be afraid."
One by one the mice came creeping back, and Toto did not bark again,
though he tried to get out of the Woodman's arms, and would have
bitten him had he not known very well he was made of tin. Finally one
of the biggest mice spoke.
"Is there anything we can do," it asked, "to repay you for saving the
"Nothing that I know of," answered the Woodman; but the Scarecrow,
who had been trying to think, but could not because his head was
stuffed with straw, said, quickly,
"Oh, yes; you can save our friend, the Cowardly Lion, who is asleep
"A Lion!" cried the little Queen; "why, he would eat us all up."
"Oh, no;" declared the Scarecrow; "this Lion is a coward."
"Really?" asked the Mouse.
"He says so himself," answered the Scarecrow, "and he would never
hurt anyone who is our friend. If you will help us to save him I
promise that he shall treat you all with kindness."
"Very well," said the Queen, "we will trust you. But what shall we do?"
"Are there many of these mice which call you Queen and are willing to
; there are thousands," she replied.
"Then send for them all to come here as soon as possible, and let
each one bring a long piece of string."
The Queen turned to the mice that attended her and told them to go at
once and get all her people. As soon as they heard her orders they
ran away in every direction as fast as possible.
"Now," said the Scarecrow to the Tin Woodman, "you must go to those
trees by the river-side and make a truck that will carry the Lion."
So the Woodman went at once to the treeM
s and began to work; and he
soon made a truck out of the limbs of trees, from which he chopped
away all the leaves and branches. He fastened it together with
wooden pegs and made the four wheels out of short pieces of a big
tree-trunk. So fast and so well did he work that by the time the mice
began to arrive the truck was all ready for them.
They came from all directions, and there were thousands of them: big
mice and little mice and middle-sized mice; and each one brought a
piece of string in his mouth. M
It was about this time that Dorothy woke
from her long sleep and opened her eyes. She was greatly astonished
to find herself lying upon the grass, with thousands of mice standing
around and looking at her timidly. But the Scarecrow told her about
everything, and turning to the dignified little Mouse, he said,
"Permit me to introduce to you her Majesty, the Queen."
Dorothy nodded gravely and the Queen made a courtesy, after which she
became quite friendly with the little girl.
The Scarecrow and the WooM
dman now began to fasten the mice to the
truck, using the strings they had brought. One end of a string was
tied around the neck of each mouse and the other end to the truck.
Of course the truck was a thousand times bigger than any of the mice
who were to draw it; but when all the mice had been harnessed they
were able to pull it quite easily. Even the Scarecrow and the Tin
Woodman could sit on it, and were drawn swiftly by their queer little
horses to the place where the Lion lay asleep.
After a great deal of hard work, for the Lion was heavy, they managed
to get him up on the truck. Then the Queen hurriedly gave her people
the order to start, for she feared if the mice stayed among the
poppies too long they also would fall asleep.
At first the little creatures, many though they were, could hardly stir
the heavily loaded truck; but the Woodman and the Scarecrow both pushed
from behind, and they got along better. Soon they rolled the Lion out
of the poppy bed to the greeM
n fields, where he could breathe the sweet,
fresh air again, instead of the poisonous scent of the flowers.
Dorothy came to meet them and thanked the little mice warmly for
saving her companion from death. She had grown so fond of the big
Lion she was glad he had been rescued.
Then the mice were unharnessed from the truck and scampered away
through the grass to their homes. The Queen of the Mice was the last
"If ever you need us again," she said, "come out into the field and
all hear you and come to your assistance. Good bye!"
"Good bye!" they all answered, and away the Queen ran, while Dorothy
held Toto tightly lest he should run after her and frighten her.
After this they sat down beside the Lion until he should awaken; and
the Scarecrow brought Dorothy some fruit from a tree near by, which
she ate for her dinner.
Chapter X.
The Guardian
of the Gate.
It was some time before the Cowardly Lion awakened, for he had lain
among the poppies a long while, breathing in their deadly fragrance;
but when he did open his eyes and roll off the truck he was very glad
to find himself still alive.
"I ran as fast as I could," he said, sitting down and yawning; "but
the flowers were too strong for me. How did you get me out?"
Then they told him of the field-mice, and how they had generously
saved him from death; and the Cowardly LiM
on laughed, and said,
"I have always thought myself very big and terrible; yet such small
things as flowers came near to killing me, and such small animals as
mice have saved my life. How strange it all is! But, comrades, what
"We must journey on until we find the road of yellow brick again,"
said Dorothy; "and then we can keep on to the Emerald City."
So, the Lion being fully refreshed, and feeling quite himself again,
they all started upon the journey, greatly enjoying the walk thrM
the soft, fresh grass; and it was not long before they reached the
road of yellow brick and turned again toward the Emerald City where
The road was smooth and well paved, now, and the country about was
beautiful; so that the travelers rejoiced in leaving the forest far
behind, and with it the many dangers they had met in its gloomy
shades. Once more they could see fences built beside the road; but
these were painted green, and when they came to a small house, in
which a farmer evidently lived, that also was painted green. They
passed by several of these houses during the afternoon, and sometimes
people came to the doors and looked at them as if they would like to
ask questions; but no one came near them nor spoke to them because of
the great Lion, of which they were much afraid. The people were all
dressed in clothing of a lovely emerald green color and wore peaked
hats like those of the Munchkins.
"This must be the Land of Oz," said Dorothy, "aM
getting near the Emerald City."
"Yes," answered the Scarecrow; "everything is green here, while in
the country of the Munchkins blue was the favorite color. But the
people do not seem to be as friendly as the Munchkins and I'm afraid
we shall be unable to find a place to pass the night."
"I should like something to eat besides fruit," said the girl, "and
I'm sure Toto is nearly starved. Let us stop at the next house and
talk to the people."
So, when they came to a good sized farm houM
se, Dorothy walked boldly
up to the door and knocked. A woman opened it just far enough to look
"What do you want, child, and why is that great Lion with you?"
"We wish to pass the night with you, if you will allow us," answered
Dorothy; "and the Lion is my friend and comrade, and would not hurt
"Is he tame?" asked the woman, opening the door a little wider.
"Oh, yes;" said the girl, "and he is a great coward, too; so that he
will be more afraid of you than you arM
"Well," said the woman, after thinking it over and taking another
peep at the Lion, "if that is the case you may come in, and I will
give you some supper and a place to sleep."
So they all entered the house, where there were, besides the woman,
two children and a man. The man had hurt his leg, and was lying on the
couch in a corner. They seemed greatly surprised to see so strange a
company, and while the woman was busy laying the table the man asked,
"Where are you all going?"
erald City," said Dorothy, "to see the Great Oz."
"Oh, indeed!" exclaimed the man. "Are you sure that Oz will see you?"
"Why not?" she replied.
"Why, it is said that he never lets any one come into his presence. I
have been to the Emerald City many times, and it is a beautiful and
wonderful place; but I have never been permitted to see the Great Oz,
nor do I know of any living person who has seen him."
"Does he never go out?" asked the Scarecrow.
"Never. He sits day after day in the great throne rM
and even those who wait upon him do not see him face to face."
"What is he like?" asked the girl.
"That is hard to tell," said the man, thoughtfully. "You see, Oz is a
great Wizard, and can take on any form he wishes. So that some say he
looks like a bird; and some say he looks like an elephant; and some
say he looks like a cat. To others he appears as a beautiful fairy,
or a brownie, or in any other form that pleases him. But who the real
Oz is, when he is in his own form, no living M
"That is very strange," said Dorothy; "but we must try, in some way,
to see him, or we shall have made our journey for nothing."
"Why do you wish to see the terrible Oz?" asked the man.
"I want him to give me some brains," said the Scarecrow, eagerly.
"Oh, Oz could do that easily enough," declared the man. "He has more
brains than he needs."
"And I want him to give me a heart," said the Tin Woodman.
"That will not trouble him," continued the man, "for Oz has aM
collection of hearts, of all sizes and shapes."
"And I want him to give me courage," said the Cowardly Lion.
"Oz keeps a great pot of courage in his throne room," said the man,
"which he has covered with a golden plate, to keep it from running
over. He will be glad to give you some."
"And I want him to send me back to Kansas," said Dorothy.
"Where is Kansas?" asked the man, in surprise.
"I don't know," replied Dorothy, sorrowfully; "but it is my home, and
I'm sure it's somewhere."
likely. Well, Oz can do anything; so I suppose he will find
Kansas for you. But first you must get to see him, and that will be
a hard task; for the great Wizard does not like to see anyone, and
he usually has his own way. But what do you want?" he continued,
speaking to Toto. Toto only wagged his tail; for, strange to say, he
[Illustration: "_The Lion ate some of the porridge._"]
The woman now called to them that supper was ready, so they gathered
around the table and Dorothy ate someM
delicious porridge and a dish of
scrambled eggs and a plate of nice white bread, and enjoyed her meal.
The Lion ate some of the porridge, but did not care for it, saying it
was made from oats and oats were food for horses, not for lions. The
Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman ate nothing at all. Toto ate a little of
everything, and was glad to get a good supper again.
The woman now gave Dorothy a bed to sleep in, and Toto lay down beside
her, while the Lion guarded the door of her room so she might not be
turbed. The Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman stood up in a corner and
kept quiet all night, although of course they could not sleep.
The next morning, as soon as the sun was up, they started on their
way, and soon saw a beautiful green glow in the sky just before them.
"That must be the Emerald City," said Dorothy.
As they walked on, the green glow became brighter and brighter, and it
seemed that at last they were nearing the end of their travels. Yet it
was afternoon before they came to the great wall thM
City. It was high, and thick, and of a bright green color.
In front of them, and at the end of the road of yellow brick, was a big
gate, all studded with emeralds that glittered so in the sun that even
the painted eyes of the Scarecrow were dazzled by their brilliancy.
There was a bell beside the gate, and Dorothy pushed the button and
heard a silvery tinkle sound within. Then the big gate swung slowly
open, and they all passed through and found themselves in a high
arched room, the waM
lls of which glistened with countless emeralds.
Before them stood a little man about the same size as the Munchkins.
He was clothed all in green, from his head to his feet, and even his
skin was of a greenish tint. At his side was a large green box.
When he saw Dorothy and her companions the man asked,
"What do you wish in the Emerald City?"
"We came here to see the Great Oz," said Dorothy.
The man was so surprised at this answer that he sat down to think it
"It has been many years since M
anyone asked me to see Oz," he said,
shaking his head in perplexity. "He is powerful and terrible, and if
you come on an idle or foolish errand to bother the wise reflections of
the Great Wizard, he might be angry and destroy you all in an instant."
"But it is not a foolish errand, nor an idle one," replied the
Scarecrow; "it is important. And we have been told that Oz is a good
"So he is," said the green man; "and he rules the Emerald City wisely
and well. But to those who arM
e not honest, or who approach him from
curiosity, he is most terrible, and few have ever dared ask to see
his face. I am the Guardian of the Gates, and since you demand to see
the Great Oz I must take you to his palace. But first you must put on
"Why?" asked Dorothy.
"Because if you did not wear spectacles the brightness and glory of
the Emerald City would blind you. Even those who live in the City
must wear spectacles night and day. They are all locked on, for Oz
so ordered it when thM
e City was first built, and I have the only key
that will unlock them."
He opened the big box, and Dorothy saw that it was filled with
spectacles of every size and shape. All of them had green glasses
in them. The Guardian of the gates found a pair that would just fit
Dorothy and put them over her eyes. There were two golden bands
fastened to them that passed around the back of her head, where they
were locked together by a little key that was at the end of a chain the
tes wore around his neck. When they were on, Dorothy
could not take them off had she wished, but of course she did not want
to be blinded by the glare of the Emerald City, so she said nothing.
Then the green man fitted spectacles for the Scarecrow and the Tin
Woodman and the Lion, and even on little Toto; and all were locked
Then the Guardian of the Gates put on his own glasses and told them
he was ready to show them to the palace. Taking a big golden key from
a peg on the wall he opeM
ned another gate, and they all followed him
through the portal into the streets of the Emerald City.
Chapter XI.
The Wonderful
Emerald City of Oz.
Even with eyes protected by the green spectacles Dorothy and her
friends were at first dazzled by the brilliancy of the wonderful City.
The streets were lined with beautiful houses all built of green marble
and studded everywhere with sparkling emeraM
lds. They walked over a
pavement of the same green marble, and where the blocks were joined
together were rows of emeralds, set closely, and glittering in the
brightness of the sun. The window panes were of green glass; even the
sky above the City had a green tint, and the rays of the sun were green.
There were many people, men, women and children, walking about, and
these were all dressed in green clothes and had greenish skins. They
looked at Dorothy and her strangely assorted company with wondering
s, and the children all ran away and hid behind their mothers when
they saw the Lion; but no one spoke to them. Many shops stood in the
street, and Dorothy saw that everything in them was green. Green
candy and green pop-corn were offered for sale, as well as green
shoes, green hats and green clothes of all sorts. At one place a man
was selling green lemonade, and when the children bought it Dorothy
could see that they paid for it with green pennies.
There seemed to be no horses nor animals of any kind; thM
things around in little green carts, which they pushed before them.
Everyone seemed happy and contented and prosperous.
The Guardian of the Gates led them through the streets until they
came to a big building, exactly in the middle of the City, which was
the Palace of Oz, the Great Wizard. There was a soldier before the
door, dressed in a green uniform and wearing a long green beard.
"Here are strangers," said the Guardian of the Gates to him, "and
they demand to see the Great Oz."
p inside," answered the soldier, "and I will carry your message
So they passed through the Palace gates and were led into a big room
with a green carpet and lovely green furniture set with emeralds.
The soldier made them all wipe their feet upon a green mat before
entering this room, and when they were seated he said, politely,
"Please make yourselves comfortable while I go to the door of the
Throne Room and tell Oz you are here."
They had to wait a long time before the soldier returned. WhenM
last, he came back, Dorothy asked,
"Oh, no;" returned the soldier; "I have never seen him. But I spoke
to him as he sat behind his screen, and gave him your message. He
says he will grant you an audience, if you so desire; but each one
of you must enter his presence alone, and he will admit but one each
day. Therefore, as you must remain in the Palace for several days, I
will have you shown to rooms where you may rest in comfort after your
you," replied the girl; "that is very kind of Oz."
The soldier now blew upon a green whistle, and at once a young girl,
dressed in a pretty green silk gown, entered the room. She had
lovely green hair and green eyes, and she bowed low before Dorothy as
"Follow me and I will show you your room."
So Dorothy said good-bye to all her friends except Toto, and taking
the dog in her arms followed the green girl through seven passages
and up three flights of stairs until they came to a room at the fM
of the Palace. It was the sweetest little room in the world, with
a soft, comfortable bed that had sheets of green silk and a green
velvet counterpane. There was a tiny fountain in the middle of the
room, that shot a spray of green perfume into the air, to fall back
into a beautifully carved green marble basin. Beautiful green flowers
stood in the windows, and there was a shelf with a row of little
green books. When Dorothy had time to open these books she found them
full of queer green pictures that mM
ade her laugh, they were so funny.
In a wardrobe were many green dresses, made of silk and satin and
velvet; and all of them fitted Dorothy exactly.
"Make yourself perfectly at home," said the green girl, "and if you
wish for anything ring the bell. Oz will send for you to-morrow
She left Dorothy alone and went back to the others. These she also
led to rooms, and each one of them found himself lodged in a very
pleasant part of the Palace. Of course this politeness was wasted on
w; for when he found himself alone in his room he stood
stupidly in one spot, just within the doorway, to wait till morning.
It would not rest him to lie down, and he could not close his eyes;
so he remained all night staring at a little spider which was weaving
its web in a corner of the room, just as if it were not one of the
most wonderful rooms in the world. The Tin Woodman lay down on his
bed from force of habit, for he remembered when he was made of flesh;
but not being able to sleep he passed the nighM
t moving his joints up
and down to make sure they kept in good working order. The Lion would
have preferred a bed of dried leaves in the forest, and did not like
being shut up in a room; but he had too much sense to let this worry
him, so he sprang upon the bed and rolled himself up like a cat and
purred himself asleep in a minute.
The next morning, after breakfast, the green maiden came to fetch
Dorothy, and she dressed her in one of the prettiest gowns--made of
green brocaded satin. Dorothy put on a greM
en silk apron and tied a
green ribbon around Toto's neck, and they started for the Throne Room
First they came to a great hall in which were many ladies and
gentlemen of the court, all dressed in rich costumes. These people
had nothing to do but talk to each other, but they always came to
wait outside the Throne Room every morning, although they were never
permitted to see Oz. As Dorothy entered they looked at her curiously,
and one of them whispered,
going to look upon the face of Oz the Terrible?"
"Of course," answered the girl, "if he will see me."
"Oh, he will see you," said the soldier who had taken her message
to the Wizard, "although he does not like to have people ask to see
him. Indeed, at first he was angry, and said I should send you back
where you came from. Then he asked me what you looked like, and when
I mentioned your silver shoes he was very much interested. At last I
told him about the mark upon your forehead, and he decided he wouldM
admit you to his presence."
Just then a bell rang, and the green girl said to Dorothy,
"That is the signal. You must go into the Throne Room alone."
She opened a little door and Dorothy walked boldly through and found
herself in a wonderful place. It was a big, round room with a high
arched roof, and the walls and ceiling and floor were covered with
large emeralds set closely together. In the center of the roof was a
great light, as bright as the sun, which made the emeralds sparkle in
But what interested Dorothy most was the big throne of green marble
that stood in the middle of the room. It was shaped like a chair
and sparkled with gems, as did everything else. In the center of the
chair was an enormous Head, without body to support it or any arms or
legs whatever. There was no hair upon this head, but it had eyes and
nose and mouth, and was bigger than the head of the biggest giant.
As Dorothy gazed upon this in wonder and fear the eyes turned slowly
and looked at her sharplM
y and steadily. Then the mouth moved, and
Dorothy heard a voice say:
"I am Oz, the Great and Terrible. Who are you, and why do you seek me?"
It was not such an awful voice as she had expected to come from the
big Head; so she took courage and answered,
"I am Dorothy, the Small and Meek. I have come to you for help."
The eyes looked at her thoughtfully for a full minute. Then said the
"Where did you get the silver shoes?"
"I got them from the wicked Witch of the East, when my house fell oM
her and killed her," she replied.
"Where did you get the mark upon your forehead?" continued the voice.
"That is where the good Witch of the North kissed me when she bade me
good-bye and sent me to you," said the girl.
Again the eyes looked at her sharply, and they saw she was telling
the truth. Then Oz asked,
"What do you wish me to do?"
"Send me back to Kansas, where my Aunt Em and Uncle Henry are," she
answered, earnestly. "I don't like your country, although it is so
beautiful. And I am suM
re Aunt Em will be dreadfully worried over my
being away so long."
The eyes winked three times, and then they turned up to the ceiling and
down to the floor and rolled around so queerly that they seemed to see
every part of the room. And at last they looked at Dorothy again.
"Why should I do this for you?" asked Oz.
"Because you are strong and I am weak; because you are a Great Wizard
and I am only a helpless little girl," she answered.
"But you were strong enough to kill the wicked Witch of the EasM
"That just happened," returned Dorothy, simply; "I could not help it."
"Well," said the Head, "I will give you my answer. You have no right
to expect me to send you back to Kansas unless you do something for
me in return. In this country everyone must pay for everything he
gets. If you wish me to use my magic power to send you home again you
must do something for me first. Help me and I will help you."
"What must I do?" asked the girl.
"Kill the wicked Witch of the West," answered Oz.
"But I cannot!" exclaimed Dorothy, greatly surprised.
"You killed the Witch of the East and you wear the silver shoes,
which bear a powerful charm. There is now but one Wicked Witch left
in all this land, and when you can tell me she is dead I will send
you back to Kansas--but not before."
The little girl began to weep, she was so much disappointed; and the
eyes winked again and looked upon her anxiously, as if the Great Oz
felt that she could help him if she would.
"I never killed anything, willinM
gly," she sobbed; "and even if I wanted
to, how could I kill the Wicked Witch? If you, who are Great and
Terrible, cannot kill her yourself, how do you expect me to do it?"
"I do not know," said the Head; "but that is my answer, and until the
Wicked Witch dies you will not see your Uncle and Aunt again. Remember
that the Witch is Wicked--tremendously Wicked--and ought to be killed.
Now go, and do not ask to see me again until you have done your task."
Sorrowfully Dorothy left the ThroneM
Room and went back where the
Lion and the Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman were waiting to hear what
"There is no hope for me," she said, sadly, "for Oz will not send me
home until I have killed the Wicked Witch of the West; and that I can
Her friends were sorry, but could do nothing to help her; so she went
to her own room and lay down on the bed and cried herself to sleep.
The next morning the soldier with the green whiskers came to the
me, for Oz has sent for you."
So the Scarecrow followed him and was admitted into the great Throne
Room, where he saw, sitting in the emerald throne, a most lovely
lady. She was dressed in green silk gauze and wore upon her flowing
green locks a crown of jewels. Growing from her shoulders were wings,
gorgeous in color and so light that they fluttered if the slightest
breath of air reached them.
When the Scarecrow had bowed, as prettily as his straw stuffing would
let him, before this beautiful creatureM
, she looked upon him sweetly,
"I am Oz, the Great and Terrible. Who are you, and why do you seek me?"
Now the Scarecrow, who had expected to see the great Head Dorothy had
told him of, was much astonished; but he answered her bravely.
"I am only a Scarecrow, stuffed with straw. Therefore I have no
brains, and I come to you praying that you will put brains in my head
instead of straw, so that I may become as much a man as any other in
"Why should I do this for you?" askedM
"Because you are wise and powerful, and no one else can help me,"
answered the Scarecrow.
"I never grant favors without some return," said Oz; "but this much I
will promise. If you will kill for me the Wicked Witch of the West I
will bestow upon you a great many brains, and such good brains that
you will be the wisest man in all the Land of Oz."
"I thought you asked Dorothy to kill the Witch," said, the Scarecrow,
"So I did. I don't care who kills her. But M
until she is dead I will
not grant your wish. Now go, and do not seek me again until you have
earned the brains you so greatly desire."
The Scarecrow went sorrowfully back to his friends and told them what
Oz had said; and Dorothy was surprised to find that the great Wizard
was not a Head, as she had seen him, but a lovely lady.
"All the same," said the Scarecrow, "she needs a heart as much as the
On the next morning the soldier with the green whiskers came to the
Tin Woodman and said,
"Oz has sent for you. Follow me,"
So the Tin Woodman followed him and came to the great Throne Room. He
did not know whether he would find Oz a lovely lady or a Head, but
he hoped it would be the lovely lady. "For," he said to himself, "if
it is the Head, I am sure I shall not be given a heart, since a head
has no heart of its own and therefore cannot feel for me. But if it
is the lovely lady I shall beg hard for a heart, for all ladies are
themselves said to be kindly hearted."
But when the Woodman M
entered the great Throne Room he saw neither
the Head nor the Lady, for Oz had taken the shape of a most terrible
Beast. It was nearly as big as an elephant, and the green throne
seemed hardly strong enough to hold its weight. The Beast had a head
like that of a rhinoceros, only there were five eyes in its face.
There were five long arms growing out of its body and it also had
five long, slim legs. Thick, woolly hair covered every part of it,
and a more dreadful looking monster could not be imagined. It was
fortunate the Tin Woodman had no heart at that moment, for it would
have beat loud and fast from terror. But being only tin, the Woodman
was not at all afraid, although he was much disappointed.
"I am Oz, the Great and Terrible," spake the Beast, in a voice that
was one great roar. "Who are you, and why do you seek me?"
[Illustration: "_The Eyes looked at her thoughtfully._"]
"I am a Woodman, and made of tin. Therefore I have no heart, and cannot
love. I pray you to give me a heart that I may be as otM
"Why should I do this?" demanded the Beast.
"Because I ask it, and you alone can grant my request," answered the
Oz gave a low growl at this, but said, gruffly,
"If you indeed desire a heart, you must earn it."
"How?" asked the Woodman.
"Help Dorothy to kill the Wicked Witch of the West," replied the
Beast. "When the Witch is dead, come to me, and I will then give you
the biggest and kindest and most loving heart in all the Land of Oz."
So the Tin Woodman was forced toM
return sorrowfully to his friends
and tell them of the terrible Beast he had seen. They all wondered
greatly at the many forms the great Wizard could take upon himself,
"If he is a beast when I go to see him, I shall roar my loudest, and
so frighten him that he will grant all I ask. And if he is the lovely
lady, I shall pretend to spring upon her, and so compel her to do my
bidding. And if he is the great Head, he will be at my mercy; for I
will roll this head all aboM
ut the room until he promises to give us
what we desire. So be of good cheer my friends for all will yet be
The next morning the soldier with the green whiskers led the Lion to
the great Throne Room and bade him enter the presence of Oz.
The Lion at once passed through the door, and glancing around saw, to
his surprise, that before the throne was a Ball of Fire, so fierce
and glowing he could scarcely bear to gaze upon it. His first thought
was that Oz had by accident caught on fire and was burniM
when he tried to go nearer, the heat was so intense that it singed
his whiskers, and he crept back tremblingly to a spot nearer the door.
Then a low, quiet voice came from the Ball of Fire, and these were
"I am Oz, the Great and Terrible. Who are you, and why do you seek
me?" And the Lion answered,
"I am a Cowardly Lion, afraid of everything. I come to you to beg
that you give me courage, so that in reality I may become the King of
Beasts, as men callM
"Why should I give you courage?" demanded Oz.
"Because of all Wizards you are the greatest, and alone have power to
grant my request," answered the Lion.
The Ball of Fire burned fiercely for a time, and the voice said,
"Bring me proof that the Wicked Witch is dead, and that moment I will
give you courage. But so long as the Witch lives you must remain a
The Lion was angry at this speech, but could say nothing in reply,
and while he stood silently gazing at the Ball of Fire it becamM
so furiously hot that he turned tail and rushed from the room. He
was glad to find his friends waiting for him, and told them of his
terrible interview with the Wizard.
"What shall we do now?" asked Dorothy, sadly.
"There is only one thing we can do," returned the Lion, "and that
is to go to the land of the Winkies, seek out the Wicked Witch, and
"But suppose we cannot?" said the girl.
"Then I shall never have courage," declared the Lion.
"And I shall never have brains," added thM
"And I shall never have a heart," spoke the Tin Woodman.
"And I shall never see Aunt Em and Uncle Henry," said Dorothy,
"Be careful!" cried the green girl, "the tears will fall on your
green silk gown, and spot it."
So Dorothy dried her eyes and said,
"I suppose we must try it; but I am sure I do not want to kill
anybody, even to see Aunt Em again."
"I will go with you; but I'm too much of a coward to kill the Witch,"
"I will go too," declared tM
he Scarecrow; "but I shall not be of much
help to you, I am such a fool."
"I haven't the heart to harm even a Witch," remarked the Tin Woodman;
"but if you go I certainly shall go with you."
Therefore it was decided to start upon their journey the next
morning, and the Woodman sharpened his axe on a green grindstone and
had all his joints properly oiled. The Scarecrow stuffed himself with
fresh straw and Dorothy put new paint on his eyes that he might see
better. The green girl, who was very kind to theM
basket with good things to eat, and fastened a little bell around
Toto's neck with a green ribbon.
They went to bed quite early and slept soundly until daylight, when
they were awakened by the crowing of a green cock that lived in the
back yard of the palace, and the cackling of a hen that had laid a
[Illustration: "_The Soldier with the green whiskers led them through
Chapter XII.
The SeaM
Wicked Witch.
The soldier with the green whiskers led them through the streets of
the Emerald City until they reached the room where the Guardian of the
Gates lived. This officer unlocked their spectacles to put them back in
his great box, and then he politely opened the gate for our friends.
"Which road leads to the Wicked Witch of the West?" asked Dorothy.
"There is no road," answered the Guardian of the Gates; "no one eveM
wishes to go that way."
"How, then, are we to find her?" enquired the girl.
"That will be easy," replied the man; "for when she knows you are in
the Country of the Winkies she will find you, and make you all her
"Perhaps not," said the Scarecrow, "for we mean to destroy her."
"Oh, that is different," said the Guardian of the Gates. "No one has
ever destroyed her before, so I naturally thought she would make
slaves of you, as she has of all the rest. BuM
t take care; for she is
wicked and fierce, and may not allow you to destroy her. Keep to the
West, where the sun sets, and you cannot fail to find her."
They thanked him and bade him good-bye, and turned toward the West,
walking over fields of soft grass dotted here and there with daisies
and buttercups. Dorothy still wore the pretty silk dress she had
put on in the palace, but now, to her surprise, she found it was no
longer green, but pure white. The ribbon around Toto's neck had also
or and was as white as Dorothy's dress.
The Emerald City was soon left far behind. As they advanced the
ground became rougher and hillier, for there were no farms nor houses
in this country of the West, and the ground was untilled.
In the afternoon the sun shone hot in their faces, for there were no
trees to offer them shade; so that before night Dorothy and Toto and
the Lion were tired, and lay down upon the grass and fell asleep,
with the Woodman and the Scarecrow keeping watch.
Now the Wicked WitchM
of the West had but one eye, yet that was as
powerful as a telescope, and could see everywhere. So, as she sat in
the door of her castle, she happened to look around and saw Dorothy
lying asleep, with her friends all about her. They were a long
distance off, but the Wicked Witch was angry to find them in her
country; so she blew upon a silver whistle that hung around her neck.
At once there came running to her from all directions a pack of great
wolves. They had long legs and fierce eyes and sharp teeth.
"Go to those people," said the Witch, "and tear them to pieces."
"Are you not going to make them your slaves?" asked the leader of the
"No," she answered, "one is of tin, and one of straw; one is a girl
and another a Lion. None of them is fit to work, so you may tear them
"Very well," said the wolf, and he dashed away at full speed,
followed by the others.
It was lucky the Scarecrow and the Woodman were wide awake and heard
"This is my fight," saM
id the Woodman; "so get behind me and I will
meet them as they come."
He seized his axe, which he had made very sharp, and as the leader
of the wolves came on the Tin Woodman swung his arm and chopped the
wolf's head from its body, so that it immediately died. As soon as he
could raise his axe another wolf came up, and he also fell under the
sharp edge of the Tin Woodman's weapon. There were forty wolves, and
forty times a wolf was killed; so that at last they all lay dead in a
heap before the Woodman.
Then he put down his axe and sat beside the Scarecrow, who said,
"It was a good fight, friend."
They waited until Dorothy awoke the next morning. The little girl was
quite frightened when she saw the great pile of shaggy wolves, but
the Tin Woodman told her all. She thanked him for saving them and sat
down to breakfast, after which they started again upon their journey.
Now this same morning the Wicked Witch came to the door of her castle
and looked out with her one eye that could seM
e afar off. She saw all
her wolves lying dead, and the strangers still travelling through her
country. This made her angrier than before, and she blew her silver
Straightway a great flock of wild crows came flying toward her,
enough to darken the sky. And the Wicked Witch said to the King Crow,
"Fly at once to the strangers; peck out their eyes and tear them to
The wild crows flew in one great flock toward Dorothy and her
companions. When the little girl saw them coming she waM
"This is my battle; so lie down beside me and you will not be harmed."
So they all lay upon the ground except the Scarecrow, and he stood
up and stretched out his arms. And when the crows saw him they were
frightened, as these birds always are by scarecrows, and did not dare
to come any nearer. But the King Crow said,
"It is only a stuffed man. I will peck his eyes out."
The King Crow flew at the Scarecrow, who caught it by the head and
twisted its neck until it diM
ed. And then another crow flew at him,
and the Scarecrow twisted its neck also. There were forty crows, and
forty times the Scarecrow twisted a neck, until at last all were
lying dead beside him. Then he called to his companions to rise, and
again they went upon their journey.
When the Wicked Witch looked out again and saw all her crows lying in
a heap, she got into a terrible rage, and blew three times upon her
Forthwith there was heard a great buzzing in the air, and M
of black bees came flying towards her. "Go to the strangers and
sting them to death!" commanded the Witch, and the bees turned and
flew rapidly until they came to where Dorothy and her friends were
walking. But the Woodman had seen them coming and the Scarecrow had
"Take out my straw and scatter it over the little girl and the dog
and the lion," he said to the Woodman, "and the bees cannot sting
them." This the Woodman did, and as Dorothy lay close beside the Lion
o in her arms, the straw covered them entirely.
The bees came and found no one but the Woodman to sting, so they
flew at him and broke off all their stings against the tin, without
hurting the Woodman at all. And as bees cannot live when their stings
are broken that was the end of the black bees, and they lay scattered
thick about the Woodman, like little heaps of fine coal.
Then Dorothy and the Lion got up, and the girl helped the Tin Woodman
put the straw back into the Scarecrow again, until he was as M
ever. So they started upon their journey once more.
The Wicked Witch was so angry when she saw her black bees in little
heaps like fine coal that she stamped her foot and tore her hair and
gnashed her teeth. And then she called a dozen of her slaves, who
were the Winkies, and gave them sharp spears, telling them to go to
the strangers and destroy them.
The Winkies were not a brave people, but they had to do as they were
told; so they marched away until they came near to Dorothy. Then the
ave a great roar and sprang toward them, and the poor Winkies
were so frightened that they ran back as fast as they could.
When they returned to the castle the Wicked Witch beat them well
with a strap, and sent them back to their work, after which she sat
down to think what she should do next. She could not understand how
all her plans to destroy these strangers had failed; but she was a
powerful Witch, as well as a wicked one, and she soon made up her
r cupboard, a Golden Cap, with a circle of diamonds and
rubies running round it. This Golden Cap had a charm. Whoever owned
it could call three times upon the Winged Monkeys, who would obey
any order they were given. But no person could command these strange
creatures more than three times. Twice already the Wicked Witch had
used the charm of the Cap. Once was when she had made the Winkies her
slaves, and set herself to rule over their country. The Winged Monkeys
had helped her do this. The second time was wM
hen she had fought against
the Great Oz himself, and driven him out of the land of the West. The
Winged Monkeys had also helped her in doing this. Only once more could
she use this Golden Cap, for which reason she did not like to do so
until all her other powers were exhausted. But now that her fierce
wolves and her wild crows and her stinging bees were gone, and her
slaves had been scared away by the Cowardly Lion, she saw there was
only one way left to destroy Dorothy and her friends.
So the Wicked Witch took the Golden Cap from her cupboard and placed
Then she stood upon her left foot and said, slowly, "Ep-pe, pep-pe,
Next she stood upon her right foot and said, "Hil-lo, hol-lo, hel-lo!"
After this she stood upon both feet and cried in a loud voice,
"Ziz-zy, zuz-zy, zik!"
Now the charm began to work. The sky was darkened, and a low
rumbling sound was heard in the air. There was a rushing of many
wings; a great chattering and laughing; and the sun cameM
dark sky to show the Wicked Witch surrounded by a crowd of monkeys,
each with a pair of immense and powerful wings on his shoulders.
One, much bigger than the others, seemed to be their leader. He flew
close to the Witch and said,
"You have called us for the third and last time. What do you command?"
"Go to the strangers who are within my land and destroy them all
except the Lion," said the Wicked Witch. "Bring that beast to me, for
I have a mind to harness him like a horse, and make him wM
"Your commands shall be obeyed," said the leader; and then, with a
great deal of chattering and noise, the Winged Monkeys flew away to
the place where Dorothy and her friends were walking.
Some of the Monkeys seized the Tin Woodman and carried him through
the air until they were over a country thickly covered with sharp
rocks. Here they dropped the poor Woodman, who fell a great distance
to the rocks, where he lay so battered and dented that he could
neither move nor groan.
hers of the Monkeys caught the Scarecrow, and with their long
fingers pulled all of the straw out of his clothes and head. They
made his hat and boots and clothes into a small bundle and threw it
into the top branches of a tall tree.
The remaining Monkeys threw pieces of stout rope around the Lion
and wound many coils about his body and head and legs, until he was
unable to bite or scratch or struggle in any way. Then they lifted
him up and flew away with him to the Witch's castle, where he was
a small yard with a high iron fence around it, so that he
But Dorothy they did not harm at all. She stood, with Toto in her
arms, watching the sad fate of her comrades and thinking it would
soon be her turn. The leader of the Winged Monkeys flew up to her,
his long, hairy arms stretched out and his ugly face grinning
terribly; but he saw the mark of the Good Witch's kiss upon her
forehead and stopped short, motioning the others not to touch her.
[Illustration: "_The Monkeys wound many M
coils about his body._"]
"We dare not harm this little girl," he said to them, "for she is
protected by the Power of Good, and that is greater than the Power
of Evil. All we can do is to carry her to the castle of the Wicked
Witch and leave her there."
So, carefully and gently, they lifted Dorothy in their arms and
carried her swiftly through the air until they came to the castle,
where they set her down upon the front door step. Then the leader
"We have obeyed you as far as we werM
e able. The Tin Woodman and the
Scarecrow are destroyed, and the Lion is tied up in your yard. The
little girl we dare not harm, nor the dog she carries in her arms. Your
power over our band is now ended, and you will never see us again."
Then all the Winged Monkeys, with much laughing and chattering and
noise, flew into the air and were soon out of sight.
The Wicked Witch was both surprised and worried when she saw the mark
on Dorothy's forehead, for she knew well that neither the WingM
Monkeys nor she, herself, dare hurt the girl in any way. She looked
down at Dorothy's feet, and seeing the Silver Shoes, began to tremble
with fear, for she knew what a powerful charm belonged to them. At
first the Witch was tempted to run away from Dorothy; but she happened
to look into the child's eyes and saw how simple the soul behind them
was, and that the little girl did not know of the wonderful power the
Silver Shoes gave her. So the Wicked Witch laughed to herself, and
thought, "I can still makeM
her my slave, for she does not know how to
use her power." Then she said to Dorothy, harshly and severely,
"Come with me; and see that you mind everything I tell you, for if
you do not I will make an end of you, as I did of the Tin Woodman and
Dorothy followed her through many of the beautiful rooms in her castle
until they came to the kitchen, where the Witch bade her clean the pots
and kettles and sweep the floor and keep the fire fed with wood.
Dorothy went to work meekly, with herM
mind made up to work as hard as
she could; for she was glad the Wicked Witch had decided not to kill
With Dorothy hard at work the Witch thought she would go into the
court-yard and harness the Cowardly Lion like a horse; it would amuse
her, she was sure, to make him draw her chariot whenever she wished
to go to drive. But as she opened the gate the Lion gave a loud roar
and bounded at her so fiercely that the Witch was afraid, and ran out
and shut the gate again.
"If I cannot harness you," said M
the Witch to the Lion, speaking
through the bars of the gate, "I can starve you. You shall have
nothing to eat until you do as I wish."
So after that she took no food to the imprisoned Lion; but every day
she came to the gate at noon and asked,
"Are you ready to be harnessed like a horse?"
And the Lion would answer,
"No. If you come in this yard I will bite you."
The reason the Lion did not have to do as the Witch wished was that
every night, while the woman was asleep Dorothy carried him food frM
the cupboard. After he had eaten he would lie down on his bed of straw,
and Dorothy would lie beside him and put her head on his soft, shaggy
mane, while they talked of their troubles and tried to plan some way to
escape. But they could find no way to get out of the castle, for it was
constantly guarded by the yellow Winkies, who were the slaves of the
Wicked Witch and too afraid of her not to do as she told them.
The girl had to work hard during the day, and often the Witch
threatened to beat her withM
the same old umbrella she always carried in
her hand. But, in truth, she did not dare to strike Dorothy, because of
the mark upon her forehead. The child did not know this, and was full
of fear for herself and Toto. Once the Witch struck Toto a blow with
her umbrella and the brave little dog flew at her and bit her leg, in
return. The Witch did not bleed where she was bitten, for she was so
wicked that the blood in her had dried up many years before.
Dorothy's life became very sad as she grew to understanM
would be harder than ever to get back to Kansas and Aunt Em again.
Sometimes she would cry bitterly for hours, with Toto sitting at her
feet and looking into her face, whining dismally to show how sorry he
was for his little mistress. Toto did not really care whether he was
in Kansas or the Land of Oz so long as Dorothy was with him; but he
knew the little girl was unhappy, and that made him unhappy too.
Now the Wicked Witch had a great longing to have for her own the
Silver Shoes which the girlM
always wore. Her Bees and her Crows and
her Wolves were lying in heaps and drying up, and she had used up
all the power of the Golden Cap; but if she could only get hold of
the Silver Shoes they would give her more power than all the other
things she had lost. She watched Dorothy carefully, to see if she
ever took off her shoes, thinking she might steal them. But the child
was so proud of her pretty shoes that she never took them off except
at night and when she took her bath. The Witch was too much afraid
of the dark to dare go in Dorothy's room at night to take the shoes,
and her dread of water was greater than her fear of the dark, so she
never came near when Dorothy was bathing. Indeed, the old Witch never
touched water, nor ever let water touch her in any way.
But the wicked creature was very cunning, and she finally thought of
a trick that would give her what she wanted. She placed a bar of iron
in the middle of the kitchen floor, and then by her magic arts made
the iron invisible to human eyes. So thM
at when Dorothy walked across
the floor she stumbled over the bar, not being able to see it, and
fell at full length. She was not much hurt, but in her fall one of
the Silver Shoes came off, and before she could reach it the Witch
had snatched it away and put it on her own skinny foot.
The wicked woman was greatly pleased with the success of her trick,
for as long as she had one of the shoes she owned half the power of
their charm, and Dorothy could not use it against her, even had she
known how to do so.M
The little girl, seeing she had lost one of her pretty shoes, grew
angry, and said to the Witch,
"Give me back my shoe!"
"I will not," retorted the Witch, "for it is now my shoe, and not
"You are a wicked creature!" cried Dorothy. "You have no right to
take my shoe from me."
"I shall keep it, just the same," said the Witch, laughing at her,
"and some day I shall get the other one from you, too."
This made Dorothy so very angry that she picked up the bucket of
that stood near and dashed it over the Witch, wetting her from
Instantly the wicked woman gave a loud cry of fear; and then, as
Dorothy looked at her in wonder, the Witch began to shrink and fall
"See what you have done!" she screamed. "In a minute I shall melt
"I'm very sorry, indeed," said Dorothy, who was truly frightened to
see the Witch actually melting away like brown sugar before her very
"Didn't you know water would be the end of me?" asked the Witch, in a
wailing, despairing voice.
"Of course not," answered Dorothy; "how should I?"
"Well, in a few minutes I shall be all melted, and you will have the
castle to yourself. I have been wicked in my day, but I never thought
a little girl like you would ever be able to melt me and end my
wicked deeds. Look out--here I go!"
With these words the Witch fell down in a brown, melted, shapeless
mass and began to spread over the clean boards of the kitchen floor.
Seeing that she had really melted away to nothing, DM
another bucket of water and threw it over the mess. She then swept
it all out the door. After picking out the silver shoe, which was
all that was left of the old woman, she cleaned and dried it with a
cloth, and put it on her foot again. Then, being at last free to do
as she chose, she ran out to the court-yard to tell the Lion that the
Wicked Witch of the West had come to an end, and that they were no
longer prisoners in a strange land.
ChaM
The Rescue
The Cowardly Lion was much pleased to hear that the Wicked Witch
had been melted by a bucket of water, and Dorothy at once unlocked
the gate of his prison and set him free. They went in together to
the castle, where Dorothy's first act was to call all the Winkies
together and tell them that they were no longer slaves.
There was great rejoicing among the yellow Winkies, for they had
been made to work hard during M
many years for the Wicked Witch, who
had always treated them with great cruelty. They kept this day as
a holiday, then and ever after, and spent the time in feasting and
"If our friends, the Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman, were only with
us," said the Lion, "I should be quite happy."
"Don't you suppose we could rescue them?" asked the girl, anxiously.
"We can try," answered the Lion.
So they called the yellow Winkies and asked them if they would help
to rescue their friends, and the WinkiesM
said that they would be
delighted to do all in their power for Dorothy, who had set them free
from bondage. So she chose a number of the Winkies who looked as if
they knew the most, and they all started away. They travelled that
day and part of the next until they came to the rocky plain where the
Tin Woodman lay, all battered and bent. His axe was near him, but the
blade was rusted and the handle broken off short.
The Winkies lifted him tenderly in their arms, and carried him back
to the yellow castle aM
gain, Dorothy shedding a few tears by the way
at the sad plight of her old friend, and the Lion looking sober and
sorry. When they reached the castle Dorothy said to the Winkies,
"Are any of your people tinsmiths?"
"Oh, yes; some of us are very good tinsmiths," they told her.
"Then bring them to me," she said. And when the tinsmiths came,
bringing with them all their tools in baskets, she enquired,
[Illustration: "_The Tinsmiths worked for three days and four
"Can you straighten out thM
ose dents in the Tin Woodman, and bend
him back into shape again, and solder him together where he is
The tinsmiths looked the Woodman over carefully and then answered
that they thought they could mend him so he would be as good as ever.
So they set to work in one of the big yellow rooms of the castle and
worked for three days and four nights, hammering and twisting and
bending and soldering and polishing and pounding at the legs and body
and head of the Tin Woodman, until at last he was straightM
his old form, and his joints worked as well as ever. To be sure, there
were several patches on him, but the tinsmiths did a good job, and as
the Woodman was not a vain man he did not mind the patches at all.
When, at last, he walked into Dorothy's room and thanked her for
rescuing him, he was so pleased that he wept tears of joy, and
Dorothy had to wipe every tear carefully from his face with her
apron, so his joints would not be rusted. At the same time her own
tears fell thick and fast at M
the joy of meeting her old friend again,
and these tears did not need to be wiped away. As for the Lion, he
wiped his eyes so often with the tip of his tail that it became quite
wet, and he was obliged to go out into the court-yard and hold it in
the sun till it dried.
"If we only had the Scarecrow with us again," said the Tin Woodman,
when Dorothy had finished telling him everything that had happened,
"I should be quite happy."
"We must try to find him," said the girl.
So she called the Winkies to hM
elp her, and they walked all that day
and part of the next until they came to the tall tree in the branches
of which the Winged Monkeys had tossed the Scarecrow's clothes.
It was a very tall tree, and the trunk was so smooth that no one
could climb it; but the Woodman said at once,
"I'll chop it down, and then we can get the Scarecrow's clothes."
Now while the tinsmiths had been at work mending the Woodman himself,
another of the Winkies, who was a goldsmith, had made an axe-handle
of solid gold and fM
itted it to the Woodman's axe, instead of the
old broken handle. Others polished the blade until all the rust was
removed and it glistened like burnished silver.
As soon as he had spoken, the Tin Woodman began to chop, and in a
short time the tree fell over with a crash, when the Scarecrow's
clothes fell out of the branches and rolled off on the ground.
Dorothy picked them up and had the Winkies carry them back to the
castle, where they were stuffed with nice, clean straw; and, behold!
ecrow, as good as ever, thanking them over and over
again for saving him.
Now they were reunited, Dorothy and her friends spent a few happy days
at the Yellow Castle, where they found everything they needed to make
them comfortable. But one day the girl thought of Aunt Em, and said,
"We must go back to Oz, and claim his promise."
"Yes," said the Woodman, "at last I shall get my heart."
"And I shall get my brains," added the Scarecrow, joyfully.
"And I shall get my courage," said the Lion, thoughtfM
"And I shall get back to Kansas," cried Dorothy, clapping her hands.
"Oh, let us start for the Emerald City to-morrow!"
This they decided to do. The next day they called the Winkies together
and bade them good-bye. The Winkies were sorry to have them go, and
they had grown so fond of the Tin Woodman that they begged him to stay
and rule over them and the Yellow Land of the West. Finding they were
determined to go, the Winkies gave Toto and the Lion each a golden
rothy they presented a beautiful bracelet, studded
with diamonds; and to the Scarecrow they gave a gold-headed walking
stick, to keep him from stumbling; and to the Tin Woodman they offered
a silver oil-can, inlaid with gold and set with precious jewels.
Every one of the travellers made the Winkies a pretty speech in
return, and all shook hands with them until their arms ached.
Dorothy went to the Witch's cupboard to fill her basket with food for
the journey, and there she saw the Golden Cap. She tried iM
head and found that it fitted her exactly. She did not know anything
about the charm of the Golden Cap, but she saw that it was pretty, so
she made up her mind to wear it and carry her sunbonnet in the basket.
Then, being prepared for the journey, they all started for the
Emerald City; and the Winkies gave them three cheers and many good
wishes to carry with them.
Chapter XIV.
The Winged
MoM
You will remember there was no road--not even a pathway--between
the castle of the Wicked Witch and the Emerald City. When the four
travellers went in search of the Witch she had seen them coming, and
so sent the Winged Monkeys to bring them to her. It was much harder
to find their way back through the big fields of buttercups and
yellow daisies than it was being carried. They knew, of course, they
must go straight east, toward the rising sun; and they started ofM
in the right way. But at noon, when the sun was over their heads,
they did not know which was east and which was west, and that was
the reason they were lost in the great fields. They kept on walking,
however, and at night the moon came out and shone brightly. So they
lay down among the sweet smelling yellow flowers and slept soundly
until morning--all but the Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman.
The next morning the sun was behind a cloud, but they started on, as
if they were quite sure which way they were gM
"If we walk far enough," said Dorothy, "we shall sometime come to
some place, I am sure."
But day by day passed away, and they still saw nothing before them
but the yellow fields. The Scarecrow began to grumble a bit.
"We have surely lost our way," he said, "and unless we find it again
in time to reach the Emerald City I shall never get my brains."
"Nor I my heart," declared the Tin Woodman. "It seems to me I can
scarcely wait till I get to Oz, and you must admit this is a very
"You see," said the Cowardly Lion, with a whimper, "I haven't the
courage to keep tramping forever, without getting anywhere at all."
Then Dorothy lost heart. She sat down on the grass and looked at her
companions, and they sat down and looked at her, and Toto found that
for the first time in his life he was too tired to chase a butterfly
that flew past his head; so he put out his tongue and panted and
looked at Dorothy as if to ask what they should do next.
"Suppose we call the FieM
ld Mice," she suggested. "They could probably
tell us the way to the Emerald City."
"To be sure they could," cried the Scarecrow; "why didn't we think of
Dorothy blew the little whistle she had always carried about her neck
since the Queen of the Mice had given it to her. In a few minutes
they heard the pattering of tiny feet, and many of the small grey
mice came running up to her. Among them was the Queen herself, who
asked, in her squeaky little voice,
"What can I do for my friends?"
"We have lost our way," said Dorothy. "Can you tell us where the
"Certainly," answered the Queen; "but it is a great way off, for you
have had it at your backs all this time." Then she noticed Dorothy's
Golden Cap, and said, "Why don't you use the charm of the Cap, and
call the Winged Monkeys to you? They will carry you to the City of Oz
in less than an hour."
"I didn't know there was a charm," answered Dorothy, in surprise.
"It is written inside tM
he Golden Cap," replied the Queen of the Mice;
"but if you are going to call the Winged Monkeys we must run away,
for they are full of mischief and think it great fun to plague us."
"Won't they hurt me?" asked the girl, anxiously.
"Oh, no; they must obey the wearer of the Cap. Good-bye!" And she
scampered out of sight, with all the mice hurrying after her.
Dorothy looked inside the Golden Cap and saw some words written upon
the lining. These, she thought, must be the charm, so she read the
carefully and put the Cap upon her head.
"Ep-pe, pep-pe, kak-ke!" she said, standing on her left foot.
"What did you say?" asked the Scarecrow, who did not know what she
"Hil-lo, hol-lo, hel-lo!" Dorothy went on, standing this time on her
"Hello!" replied the Tin Woodman, calmly.
[Illustration: "_The Monkeys caught Dorothy in their arms and flew
"Ziz-zy, zuz-zy, zik!" said Dorothy, who was now standing on both
feet. This ended the saying of the charm, aM
nd they heard a great
chattering and flapping of wings, as the band of Winged Monkeys
flew up to them. The King bowed low before Dorothy, and asked,
"What is your command?"
"We wish to go to the Emerald City," said the child, "and we have
"We will carry you," replied the King, and no sooner had he spoken
than two of the Monkeys caught Dorothy in their arms and flew away
with her. Others took the Scarecrow and the Woodman and the Lion, and
one little Monkey seized Toto and flew after thM
em, although the dog
tried hard to bite him.
The Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman were rather frightened at first,
for they remembered how badly the Winged Monkeys had treated them
before; but they saw that no harm was intended, so they rode through
the air quite cheerfully, and had a fine time looking at the pretty
gardens and woods far below them.
Dorothy found herself riding easily between two of the biggest
Monkeys, one of them the King himself. They had made a chair of their
hands and were careful noM
"Why do you have to obey the charm of the Golden Cap?" she asked.
"That is a long story," answered the King, with a laugh; "but as we
have a long journey before us I will pass the time by telling you
about it, if you wish."
"I shall be glad to hear it," she replied.
"Once," began the leader, "we were a free people, living happily in
the great forest, flying from tree to tree, eating nuts and fruit,
and doing just as we pleased without calling anybody master. Perhaps
ather too full of mischief at times, flying down to
pull the tails of the animals that had no wings, chasing birds, and
throwing nuts at the people who walked in the forest. But we were
careless and happy and full of fun, and enjoyed every minute of the
day. This was many years ago, long before Oz came out of the clouds
to rule over this land.
"There lived here then, away at the North, a beautiful princess, who
was also a powerful sorceress. All her magic was used to help the
people, and she was never knoM
wn to hurt anyone who was good. Her name
was Gayelette, and she lived in a handsome palace built from great
blocks of ruby. Everyone loved her, but her greatest sorrow was that
she could find no one to love in return, since all the men were much
too stupid and ugly to mate with one so beautiful and wise. At last,
however, she found a boy who was handsome and manly and wise beyond
his years. Gayelette made up her mind that when he grew to be a man
she would make him her husband, so she took him to her ruby paM
and used all her magic powers to make him as strong and good and
lovely as any woman could wish. When he grew to manhood, Quelala,
as he was called, was said to be the best and wisest man in all the
land, while his manly beauty was so great that Gayelette loved him
dearly, and hastened to make everything ready for the wedding.
"My grandfather was at that time the King of the Winged Monkeys which
lived in the forest near Gayalette's palace, and the old fellow loved
a joke better than a good dinner. OnM
e day, just before the wedding,
my grandfather was flying out with his band when he saw Quelala
walking beside the river. He was dressed in a rich costume of pink
silk and purple velvet, and my grandfather thought he would see what
he could do. At his word the band flew down and seized Quelala,
carried him in their arms until they were over the middle of the
river, and then dropped him into the water.
"'Swim out, my fine fellow,'" cried my grandfather, "'and see if the
water has spotted your clothes.'" QuM
elala was much too wise not to
swim, and he was not in the least spoiled by all his good fortune. He
laughed, when he came to the top of the water, and swam in to shore.
But when Gayelette came running out to him she found his silks and
velvet all ruined by the river.
"The princess was very angry, and she knew, of course, who did it. She
had all the Winged Monkeys brought before her, and she said at first
that their wings should be tied and they should be treated as they had
ala, and dropped in the river. But my grandfather pleaded
hard, for he knew the Monkeys would drown in the river with their wings
tied, and Quelala said a kind word for them also; so that Gayelette
finally spared them, on condition that the Winged Monkeys should ever
after do three times the bidding of the owner of the Golden Cap. This
Cap had been made for a wedding present to Quelala, and it is said to
have cost the princess half her kingdom. Of course my grandfather and
all the other Monkeys at once agreeM
d to the condition, and that is
how it happens that we are three times the slaves of the owner of the
Golden Cap, whomsoever he may be."
"And what became of them?" asked Dorothy, who had been greatly
interested in the story.
"Quelala being the first owner of the Golden Cap," replied the
Monkey, "he was the first to lay his wishes upon us. As his bride
could not bear the sight of us, he called us all to him in the forest
after he had married her and ordered us to always keep where she
set eyes on a Winged Monkey, which we were glad to
do, for we were all afraid of her.
"This was all we ever had to do until the Golden Cap fell into the
hands of the Wicked Witch of the West, who made us enslave the
Winkies, and afterward drive Oz himself out of the Land of the West.
Now the Golden Cap is yours, and three times you have the right to
lay your wishes upon us."
As the Monkey King finished his story Dorothy looked down and saw the
green, shining walls of the Emerald City before them. She woM
at the rapid flight of the Monkeys, but was glad the journey was
over. The strange creatures set the travellers down carefully before
the gate of the City, the King bowed low to Dorothy, and then flew
swiftly away, followed by all his band.
"That was a good ride," said the little girl.
"Yes, and a quick way out of our troubles." replied the Lion. "How
lucky it was you brought away that wonderful Cap!"
Chapter XV.
M
OZ, The Terrible.
The four travellers walked up to the great gate of the Emerald City
and rang the bell. After ringing several times it was opened by the
same Guardian of the Gate they had met before.
"What! are you back again?" he asked, in surprise.
"Do you not see us?" answered the Scarecrow.
"But I thought you had gone to visit the Wicked Witch of the West."
"We did visit her," said the Scarecrow.
let you go again?" asked the man, in wonder.
"She could not help it, for she is melted," explained the Scarecrow.
"Melted! Well, that is good news, indeed," said the man. "Who melted
"It was Dorothy," said the Lion, gravely.
"Good gracious!" exclaimed the man, and he bowed very low indeed
Then he led them into his little room and locked the spectacles
from the great box on all their eyes, just as he had done before.
Afterward they passed on through the gate into the Emerald CityM
when the people heard from the Guardian of the Gate that they had
melted the Wicked Witch of the West they all gathered around the
travellers and followed them in a great crowd to the Palace of Oz.
The soldier with the green whiskers was still on guard before the
door, but he let them in at once and they were again met by the
beautiful green girl, who showed each of them to their old rooms at
once, so they might rest until the Great Oz was ready to receive them.
The soldier had the news carried stM
raight to Oz that Dorothy and the
other travellers had come back again, after destroying the Wicked
Witch; but Oz made no reply. They thought the Great Wizard would send
for them at once, but he did not. They had no word from him the next
day, nor the next, nor the next. The waiting was tiresome and wearing,
and at last they grew vexed that Oz should treat them in so poor a
fashion, after sending them to undergo hardships and slavery. So the
Scarecrow at last asked the green girl to take another message to OM
saying if he did not let them in to see him at once they would call the
Winged Monkeys to help them, and find out whether he kept his promises
or not. When the Wizard was given this message he was so frightened
that he sent word for them to come to the Throne Room at four minutes
after nine o'clock the next morning. He had once met the Winged Monkeys
in the Land of the West, and he did not wish to meet them again.
The four travellers passed a sleepless night, each thinking of the
gift Oz had promised tM
o bestow upon him. Dorothy fell asleep only
once, and then she dreamed she was in Kansas, where Aunt Em was
telling her how glad she was to have her little girl at home again.
Promptly at nine o'clock the next morning the green whiskered soldier
came to them, and four minutes later they all went into the Throne
Room of the Great Oz.
Of course each one of them expected to see the Wizard in the shape
he had taken before, and all were greatly surprised when they looked
about and saw no one at all in the roM
om. They kept close to the door
and closer to one another, for the stillness of the empty room was
more dreadful than any of the forms they had seen Oz take.
Presently they heard a Voice, seeming to come from somewhere near
the top of the great dome, and it said, solemnly.
"I am Oz, the Great and Terrible. Why do you seek me?"
They looked again in every part of the room, and then, seeing no one,
"I am everywhere," answered the Voice, "but to the eM
mortals I am invisible. I will now seat myself upon my throne, that
you may converse with me." Indeed, the Voice seemed just then to come
straight from the throne itself; so they walked toward it and stood
in a row while Dorothy said:
"We have come to claim our promise, O Oz."
"What promise?" asked Oz.
"You promised to send me back to Kansas when the Wicked Witch was
destroyed," said the girl.
"And you promised to give me brains," said the Scarecrow.
"And you promised to give me a M
heart," said the Tin Woodman.
"And you promised to give me courage," said the Cowardly Lion.
"Is the Wicked Witch really destroyed?" asked the Voice, and Dorothy
thought it trembled a little.
"Yes," she answered, "I melted her with a bucket of water."
"Dear me," said the Voice; "how sudden! Well, come to me to-morrow,
for I must have time to think it over."
"You've had plenty of time already," said the Tin Woodman, angrily.
"We shan't wait a day longer," said the Scarecrow.
r promises to us!" exclaimed Dorothy.
The Lion thought it might be as well to frighten the Wizard, so
he gave a large, loud roar, which was so fierce and dreadful that
Toto jumped away from him in alarm and tipped over the screen that
stood in a corner. As it fell with a crash they looked that way,
and the next moment all of them were filled with wonder. For they
saw, standing in just the spot the screen had hidden, a little, old
man, with a bald head and a wrinkled face, who seemed to be as much
d as they were. The Tin Woodman, raising his axe, rushed
toward the little man and cried out,
"I am Oz, the Great and Terrible," said the little man, in a
trembling voice, "but don't strike me--please don't!--and I'll do
anything you want me to."
Our friends looked at him in surprise and dismay.
"I thought Oz was a great Head," said Dorothy.
"And I thought Oz was a lovely Lady," said the Scarecrow.
"And I thought Oz was a terrible Beast," said the Tin Woodman.
"And I thought Oz was a Ball of Fire," exclaimed the Lion.
"No; you are all wrong," said the little man, meekly. "I have been
"Making believe!" cried Dorothy. "Are you not a great Wizard?"
"Hush, my dear," he said; "don't speak so loud, or you will be
overheard--and I should be ruined. I'm supposed to be a Great Wizard."
"And aren't you?" she asked.
"Not a bit of it, my dear; I'm just a common man."
"You're more than that," said the Scarecrow, in a grieved tone;
"Exactly so!" declared the little man, rubbing his hands together as
if it pleased him; "I am a humbug."
"But this is terrible," said the Tin Woodman; "how shall I ever get
"Or I my courage?" asked the Lion.
"Or I my brains?" wailed the Scarecrow, wiping the the tears from his
eyes with his coat-sleeve.
[Illustration: "_Exactly so! I am a humbug._"]
"My dear friends," said Oz, "I pray you not to speak of these
little things. Think of me, and the terrible trouble I'm in at beinM
"Doesn't anyone else know you're a humbug?" asked Dorothy.
"No one knows it but you four--and myself," replied Oz. "I have
fooled everyone so long that I thought I should never be found out.
It was a great mistake my ever letting you into the Throne Room.
Usually I will not see even my subjects, and so they believe I am
something terrible."
"But, I don't understand," said Dorothy, in bewilderment. "How was it
that you appeared to me as a great Head?"
"That was one of my tricks," answM
ered Oz. "Step this way, please, and
I will tell you all about it."
He led the way to a small chamber in the rear of the Throne Room,
and they all followed him. He pointed to one corner, in which lay
the Great Head, made out of many thicknesses of paper, and with a
carefully painted face.
"This I hung from the ceiling by a wire," said Oz; "I stood behind the
screen and pulled a thread, to make the eyes move and the mouth open."
"But how about the voice?" she enquired.
"Oh, I am a ventriloquist," saM
id the little man, "and I can throw
the sound of my voice wherever I wish; so that you thought it was
coming out of the Head. Here are the other things I used to deceive
you." He showed the Scarecrow the dress and the mask he had worn when
he seemed to be the lovely Lady; and the Tin Woodman saw that his
Terrible Beast was nothing but a lot of skins, sewn together, with
slats to keep their sides out. As for the Ball of Fire, the false
Wizard had hung that also from the ceiling. It was really a ball of
n, but when oil was poured upon it the ball burned fiercely.
"Really," said the Scarecrow, "you ought to be ashamed of yourself
for being such a humbug."
"I am--I certainly am," answered the little man, sorrowfully; "but it
was the only thing I could do. Sit down, please, there are plenty of
chairs; and I will tell you my story."
So they sat down and listened while he told the following tale:
"I was born in Omaha--"
"Why, that isn't very far from Kansas!" cried Dorothy.
"No; but it's farther frM
om here," he said, shaking his head at her,
sadly. "When I grew up I became a ventriloquist, and at that I was
very well trained by a great master. I can imitate any kind of a
bird or beast." Here he mewed so like a kitten that Toto pricked up
his ears and looked everywhere to see where she was. "After a time,"
continued Oz, "I tired of that, and became a balloonist."
"What is that?" asked Dorothy.
"A man who goes up in a balloon on circus day, so as to draw a crowd
of people together and get them to paM
y to see the circus," he explained.
"Oh," she said; "I know."
"Well, one day I went up in a balloon and the ropes got twisted, so
that I couldn't come down again. It went way up above the clouds, so
far that a current of air struck it and carried it many, many miles
away. For a day and a night I travelled through the air, and on the
morning of the second day I awoke and found the balloon floating over
a strange and beautiful country.
"It came down gradually, and I was not hurt a bit.M
in the midst of a strange people, who, seeing me come from the clouds,
thought I was a great Wizard. Of course I let them think so, because
they were afraid of me, and promised to do anything I wished them to.
"Just to amuse myself, and keep the good people busy, I ordered them to
build this City, and my palace; and they did it all willingly and well.
Then I thought, as the country was so green and beautiful, I would
call it the Emerald City, and to make the name fit better I put green
spectacles on all the people, so that everything they saw was green."
"But isn't everything here green?" asked Dorothy.
"No more than in any other city," replied Oz; "but when you wear
green spectacles, why of course everything you see looks green to
you. The Emerald City was built a great many years ago, for I was a
young man when the balloon brought me here, and I am a very old man
now. But my people have worn green glasses on their eyes so long that
most of them think it really is an Emerald City, anM
a beautiful place, abounding in jewels and precious metals, and every
good thing that is needed to make one happy. I have been good to the
people, and they like me; but ever since this Palace was built I have
shut myself up and would not see any of them.
"One of my greatest fears was the Witches, for while I had no magical
powers at all I soon found out that the Witches were really able to
do wonderful things. There were four of them in this country, and
they ruled the people who live inM
the North and South and East and
West. Fortunately, the Witches of the North and South were good, and
I knew they would do me no harm; but the Witches of the East and West
were terribly wicked, and had they not thought I was more powerful
than they themselves, they would surely have destroyed me. As it was,
I lived in deadly fear of them for many years; so you can imagine how
pleased I was when I heard your house had fallen on the Wicked Witch
of the East. When you came to me I was willing to promise anythiM
you would only do away with the other Witch; but, now that you have
melted her, I am ashamed to say that I cannot keep my promises."
"I think you are a very bad man," said Dorothy.
"Oh, no, my dear; I'm really a very good man; but I'm a very bad
Wizard, I must admit."
"Can't you give me brains?" asked the Scarecrow.
"You don't need them. You are learning something every day. A baby
has brains, but it doesn't know much. Experience is the only thing
that brings knowledge, and the longer you areM
experience you are sure to get."
"That may all be true," said the Scarecrow, "but I shall be very
unhappy unless you give me brains."
The false wizard looked at him carefully.
"Well," he said, with a sigh, "I'm not much of a magician, as I said;
but if you will come to me to-morrow morning, I will stuff your head
with brains. I cannot tell you how to use them, however; you must
find that out for yourself."
"Oh, thank you--thank you!" cried the Scarecrow. "I'll fM
use them, never fear!"
"But how about my courage?" asked the Lion, anxiously.
"You have plenty of courage, I am sure," answered Oz. "All you need
is confidence in yourself. There is no living thing that is not
afraid when it faces danger. True courage is in facing danger when
you are afraid, and that kind of courage you have in plenty."
"Perhaps I have, but I'm scared just the same," said the Lion. "I
shall really be very unhappy unless you give me the sort of courage
that makes one forgM
"Very well; I will give you that sort of courage to-morrow," replied Oz.
"How about my heart?" asked the Tin Woodman.
"Why, as for that," answered Oz, "I think you are wrong to want a
heart. It makes most people unhappy. If you only knew it, you are in
luck not to have a heart."
"That must be a matter of opinion," said the Tin Woodman. "For my
part, I will bear all the unhappiness without a murmur, if you will
"Very well," answered Oz, meeklM
y. "Come to me to-morrow and you shall
have a heart. I have played Wizard for so many years that I may as
well continue the part a little longer."
"And now," said Dorothy, "how am I to get back to Kansas?"
"We shall have to think about that," replied the little man, "Give
me two or three days to consider the matter and I'll try to find a
way to carry you over the desert. In the meantime you shall all be
treated as my guests, and while you live in the Palace my people
will wait upon you and obey your sliM
ghtest wish. There is only one
thing I ask in return for my help--such as it is. You must keep my
secret and tell no one I am a humbug."
They agreed to say nothing of what they had learned, and went back to
their rooms in high spirits. Even Dorothy had hope that "The Great
and Terrible Humbug," as she called him, would find a way to send her
back to Kansas, and if he did that she was willing to forgive him
Chapter XVI.
The Magic Art of
the Great Humbug.
Next morning the Scarecrow said to his friends:
"Congratulate me. I am going to Oz to get my brains at last. When I
return I shall be as other men are."
"I have always liked you as you were," said Dorothy, simply.
"It is kind of you to like a Scarecrow," he replied. "But surely you
will think more of me when you hear the splendid thoughts my new brain
is going to turn out." Then he said goM
od-bye to them all in a cheerful
voice and went to the Throne Room, where he rapped upon the door.
The Scarecrow went in and found the little man sitting down by the
window, engaged in deep thought.
"I have come for my brains," remarked the Scarecrow, a little uneasily.
"Oh, yes; sit down in that chair, please," replied Oz. "You must
excuse me for taking your head off, but I shall have to do it in
order to put your brains in their proper place."
"That's all right," said the ScM
arecrow. "You are quite welcome to
take my head off, as long as it will be a better one when you put it
So the Wizard unfastened his head and emptied out the straw. Then he
entered the back room and took up a measure of bran, which he mixed
with a great many pins and needles. Having shaken them together
thoroughly, he filled the top of the Scarecrow's head with the mixture
and stuffed the rest of the space with straw, to hold it in place. When
he had fastened the Scarecrow's head on his body agM
"Hereafter you will be a great man, for I have given you a lot of
The Scarecrow was both pleased and proud at the fulfillment of his
greatest wish, and having thanked Oz warmly he went back to his friends.
Dorothy looked at him curiously. His head was quite bulging out at
the top with brains.
"How do you feel?" she asked.
[Illustration: "_'I feel wise, indeed,' said the Scarecrow._"]
"I feel wise, indeed," he answered, earnestly. "When I get used to my
ins I shall know everything."
"Why are those needles and pins sticking out of your head?" asked the
"That is proof that he is sharp," remarked the Lion.
"Well, I must go to Oz and get my heart," said the Woodman. So he
walked to the Throne Room and knocked at the door.
"Come in," called Oz, and the Woodman entered and said,
"I have come for my heart."
"Very well," answered the little man. "But I shall have to cut a hole
in your breast, so I can put your heart in the right place. I M
"Oh, no;" answered the Woodman. "I shall not feel it at all."
So Oz brought a pair of tinners' shears and cut a small, square hole
in the left side of the Tin Woodman's breast. Then, going to a chest
of drawers, he took out a pretty heart, made entirely of silk and
stuffed with sawdust.
"Isn't it a beauty?" he asked.
"It is, indeed!" replied the Woodman, who was greatly pleased. "But
is it a kind heart?"
"Oh, very!" answered Oz. He put the heart in the M
Woodman's breast and
then replaced the square of tin, soldering it neatly together where
"There," said he; "now you have a heart that any man might be proud
of. I'm sorry I had to put a patch on your breast, but it really
couldn't be helped."
"Never mind the patch," exclaimed the happy Woodman. "I am very
grateful to you, and shall never forget your kindness."
"Don't speak of it," replied Oz.
Then the Tin Woodman went back to his friends, who wished him every
on account of his good fortune.
The Lion now walked to the Throne Room and knocked at the door.
"I have come for my courage," announced the Lion, entering the room.
"Very well," answered the little man; "I will get it for you."
He went to a cupboard and reaching up to a high shelf took down
a square green bottle, the contents of which he poured into a
green-gold dish, beautifully carved. Placing this before the Cowardly
Lion, who sniffed at it as if he did not like it, the WizM
"What is it?" asked the Lion.
"Well," answered Oz, "if it were inside of you, it would be courage.
You know, of course, that courage is always inside one; so that
this really cannot be called courage until you have swallowed it.
Therefore I advise you to drink it as soon as possible."
The Lion hesitated no longer, but drank till the dish was empty.
"How do you feel now?" asked Oz.
"Full of courage," replied the Lion, who went joyfully back to his
friends to tell them of his M
Oz, left to himself, smiled to think of his success in giving the
Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman and the Lion exactly what they thought
they wanted. "How can I help being a humbug," he said, "when all
these people make me do things that everybody knows can't be done? It
was easy to make the Scarecrow and the Lion and the Woodman happy,
because they imagined I could do anything. But it will take more than
imagination to carry Dorothy back to Kansas, and I'm sure I don't
know how it can be doneM
Chapter XVII.
How the Balloon
was Launched.
For three days Dorothy heard nothing from Oz. These were sad days
for the little girl, although her friends were all quite happy and
contented. The Scarecrow told them there were wonderful thoughts in
his head; but he would not say what they were because he knew no one
could understand them but himself. When the Tin Woodman walked about
is heart rattling around in his breast; and he told Dorothy
he had discovered it to be a kinder and more tender heart than the
one he had owned when he was made of flesh. The Lion declared he was
afraid of nothing on earth, and would gladly face an army of men or a
dozen of the fierce Kalidahs.
Thus each of the little party was satisfied except Dorothy, who
longed more than ever to get back to Kansas.
On the fourth day, to her great joy, Oz sent for her, and when she
entered the Throne Room he said, pleM
"Sit down, my dear; I think I have found the way to get you out of
"And back to Kansas?" she asked, eagerly.
"Well, I'm not sure about Kansas," said Oz; "for I haven't the
faintest notion which way it lies. But the first thing to do is to
cross the desert, and then it should be easy to find your way home."
"How can I cross the desert?" she enquired.
"Well, I'll tell you what I think," said the little man. "You see,
when I came to this country it was in a balloon. You also M
through the air, being carried by a cyclone. So I believe the best
way to get across the desert will be through the air. Now, it is
quite beyond my powers to make a cyclone; but I've been thinking the
matter over, and I believe I can make a balloon."
"How?" asked Dorothy.
"A balloon," said Oz, "is made of silk, which is coated with glue to
keep the gas in it. I have plenty of silk in the Palace, so it will
be no trouble for us to make the balloon. But in all this country
there is no gas to fill thM
e balloon with, to make it float."
"If it won't float," remarked Dorothy, "it will be of no use to us."
"True," answered Oz. "But there is another way to make it float,
which is to fill it with hot air. Hot air isn't as good as gas, for
if the air should get cold the balloon would come down in the desert,
and we should be lost."
"We!" exclaimed the girl; "are you going with me?"
"Yes, of course," replied Oz. "I am tired of being such a humbug. If I
should go out of this Palace my people would soon dM
Wizard, and then they would be vexed with me for having deceived them.
So I have to stay shut up in these rooms all day, and it gets tiresome.
I'd much rather go back to Kansas with you and be in a circus again."
"I shall be glad to have your company," said Dorothy.
"Thank you," he answered. "Now, if you will help me sew the silk
together, we will begin to work on our balloon."
So Dorothy took a needle and thread, and as fast as Oz cut the strips
r shape the girl sewed them neatly together. First
there was a strip of light green silk, then a strip of dark green and
then a strip of emerald green; for Oz had a fancy to make the balloon
in different shades of the color about them. It took three days to
sew all the strips together, but when it was finished they had a big
bag of green silk more than twenty feet long.
Then Oz painted it on the inside with a coat of thin glue, to make it
air-tight, after which he announced that the balloon was ready.
But we must have a basket to ride in," he said. So he sent the
soldier with the green whiskers for a big clothes basket, which he
fastened with many ropes to the bottom of the balloon.
When it was all ready, Oz sent word to his people that he was going
to make a visit to a great brother Wizard who lived in the clouds.
The news spread rapidly throughout the city and everyone came to see
the wonderful sight.
Oz ordered the balloon carried out in front of the Palace, and the
people gazed upon it with much M
curiosity. The Tin Woodman had chopped a
big pile of wood, and now he made a fire of it, and Oz held the bottom
of the balloon over the fire so that the hot air that arose from it
would be caught in the silken bag. Gradually the balloon swelled out
and rose into the air, until finally the basket just touched the ground.
Then Oz got into the basket and said to all the people in a loud voice:
"I am now going away to make a visit. While I am gone the Scarecrow
will rule over you. I command you to obey him aM
The balloon was by this time tugging hard at the rope that held it to
the ground, for the air within it was hot, and this made it so much
lighter in weight than the air without that it pulled hard to rise
"Come, Dorothy!" cried the Wizard; "hurry up, or the balloon will fly
"I can't find Toto anywhere," replied Dorothy, who did not wish to
leave her little dog behind. Toto had run into the crowd to bark at
a kitten, and Dorothy at last found him. She picked him uM
She was within a few steps of it, and Oz was holding out his hands
to help her into the basket, when, crack! went the ropes, and the
balloon rose into the air without her.
"Come back!" she screamed; "I want to go, too!"
"I can't come back, my dear," called Oz from the basket. "Good-bye!"
"Good-bye!" shouted everyone, and all eyes were turned upward to
where the Wizard was riding in the basket, rising every moment
farther and farther M
And that was the last any of them ever saw of Oz, the Wonderful Wizard,
though he may have reached Omaha safely, and be there now, for all we
know. But the people remembered him lovingly, and said to one another,
"Oz was always our friend. When he was here he built for us this
beautiful Emerald City, and now he is gone he has left the Wise
Scarecrow to rule over us."
Still, for many days they grieved over the loss of the Wonderful
Wizard, and would not be comforted.
Chapter XVIII.
Away to the
South.
Dorothy wept bitterly at the passing of her hope to get home to
Kansas again; but when she thought it all over she was glad she had
not gone up in a balloon. And she also felt sorry at losing Oz, and
so did her companions.
The Tin Woodman came to her and said,
"Truly I should be ungrateful if I failed to mourn for the man who gave
. I should like to cry a little because Oz is gone,
if you will kindly wipe away my tears, so that I shall not rust."
"With pleasure," she answered, and brought a towel at once. Then
the Tin Woodman wept for several minutes, and she watched the tears
carefully and wiped them away with the towel. When he had finished
he thanked her kindly and oiled himself thoroughly with his jewelled
oil-can, to guard against mishap.
The Scarecrow was now the ruler of the Emerald City, and although
was not a Wizard the people were proud of him. "For," they said,
"there is not another city in all the world that is ruled by a
stuffed man." And, so far as they knew, they were quite right.
The morning after the balloon had gone up with Oz the four travellers
met in the Throne Room and talked matters over. The Scarecrow sat in
the big throne and the others stood respectfully before him.
"We are not so unlucky," said the new ruler; "for this Palace and
the Emerald City belong to us, and we can do just asM
I remember that a short time ago I was up on a pole in a farmer's
cornfield, and that I am now the ruler of this beautiful City, I am
quite satisfied with my lot."
"I also," said the Tin Woodman, "am well pleased with my new heart;
and, really, that was the only thing I wished in all the world."
"For my part, I am content in knowing I am as brave as any beast that
ever lived, if not braver," said the Lion, modestly,
[Illustration: "_The Scarecrow sat on the big throne._"]
hy would only be contented to live in the Emerald City,"
continued the Scarecrow, "we might all be happy together."
"But I don't want to live here," cried Dorothy. "I want to go to
Kansas, and live with Aunt Em and Uncle Henry."
"Well, then, what can be done?" enquired the Woodman.
The Scarecrow decided to think, and he thought so hard that the pins
and needles began to stick out of his brains. Finally he said:
"Why not call the Winged Monkeys, and asked them to carry you over
er thought of that!" said Dorothy, joyfully. "It's just the
thing. I'll go at once for the Golden Cap."
When she brought it into the Throne Room she spoke the magic words,
and soon the band of Winged Monkeys flew in through an open window
and stood beside her.
"This is the second time you have called us," said the Monkey King,
bowing before the little girl. "What do you wish?"
"I want you to fly with me to Kansas," said Dorothy.
But the Monkey King shook his head.
"That cannot be done," he said. M
"We belong to this country alone, and
cannot leave it. There has never been a Winged Monkey in Kansas yet,
and I suppose there never will be, for they don't belong there. We
shall be glad to serve you in any way in our power, but we cannot
cross the desert. Good-bye."
And with another bow the Monkey King spread his wings and flew away
through the window, followed by all his band.
Dorothy was almost ready to cry with disappointment.
"I have wasted the charm of the Golden Cap to no purpose," she said,
"for the Winged Monkeys cannot help me."
"It is certainly too bad!" said the tender hearted Woodman.
The Scarecrow was thinking again, and his head bulged out so horribly
that Dorothy feared it would burst.
"Let us call in the soldier with the green whiskers," he said, "and
So the soldier was summoned and entered the Throne Room timidly, for
while Oz was alive he never was allowed to come further than the door.
"This little girl," said the Scarecrow to the soldieM
cross the desert. How can she do so?"
"I cannot tell," answered the soldier; "for nobody has ever crossed
the desert, unless it is Oz himself."
"Is there no one who can help me?" asked Dorothy, earnestly.
"Glinda might," he suggested.
"Who is Glinda?" enquired the Scarecrow.
"The Witch of the South. She is the most powerful of all the Witches,
and rules over the Quadlings. Besides, her castle stands on the edge
of the desert, so she may know a way to cross it."
Witch, isn't she?" asked the child.
"The Quadlings think she is good," said the soldier, "and she is kind
to everyone. I have heard that Glinda is a beautiful woman, who knows
how to keep young in spite of the many years she has lived."
"How can I get to her castle?" asked Dorothy.
"The road is straight to the South," he answered, "but it is said to be
full of dangers to travellers. There are wild beasts in the woods, and
a race of queer men who do not like strangers to cross their country.
eason none of the Quadlings ever come to the Emerald City."
The soldier then left them and the Scarecrow said,
"It seems, in spite of dangers, that the best thing Dorothy can do is
to travel to the Land of the South and ask Glinda to help her. For,
of course, if Dorothy stays here she will never get back to Kansas."
"You must have been thinking again," remarked the Tin Woodman.
"I have," said the Scarecrow.
"I shall go with Dorothy," declared the Lion, "for I am tired of your
city and long for theM
woods and the country again. I am really a wild
beast, you know. Besides, Dorothy will need someone to protect her."
"That is true," agreed the Woodman. "My axe may be of service to her;
so I, also, will go with her to the Land of the South."
"When shall we start?" asked the Scarecrow.
"Are you going?" they asked, in surprise.
"Certainly. If it wasn't for Dorothy I should never have had brains.
She lifted me from the pole in the cornfield and brought me to the
Emerald City. So my good luck is all dM
ue to her, and I shall never
leave her until she starts back to Kansas for good and all."
"Thank you," said Dorothy, gratefully. "You are all very kind to me.
But I should like to start as soon as possible."
"We shall go to-morrow morning," returned the Scarecrow. "So now let
us all get ready, for it will be a long journey."
Chapter XIX.
Attacked by the
Fighting Trees.
The next morning Dorothy kissed the pretty green girl good-bye, and
they all shook hands with the soldier with the green whiskers, who
had walked with them as far as the gate. When the Guardian of the
Gate saw them again he wondered greatly that they could leave the
beautiful City to get into new trouble. But he at once unlocked their
spectacles, which he put back into the green box, and gave them many
good wishes to carry with them.
"You are now our ruler," he said to the Scarecrow; "soM
back to us as soon as possible."
"I certainly shall if I am able," the Scarecrow replied; "but I must
help Dorothy to get home, first."
As Dorothy bade the good-natured Guardian a last farewell she said,
"I have been very kindly treated in your lovely City, and everyone
has been good to me. I cannot tell you how grateful I am."
"Don't try, my dear," he answered. "We should like to keep you with
us, but if it is your wish to return to Kansas I hope you will find a
way." He then openedM
the gate of the outer wall and they walked forth
and started upon their journey.
The sun shone brightly as our friends turned their faces toward the
Land of the South. They were all in the best of spirits, and laughed
and chatted together. Dorothy was once more filled with the hope of
getting home, and the Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman were glad to be
of use to her. As for the Lion, he sniffed the fresh air with delight
and whisked his tail from side to side in pure joy at being in the
le Toto ran around them and chased the moths and
butterflies, barking merrily all the time.
"City life does not agree with me at all," remarked the Lion, as they
walked along at a brisk pace. "I have lost much flesh since I lived
there, and now I am anxious for a chance to show the other beasts how
courageous I have grown."
[Illustration: "_The branches bent down and twined around him._"]
They now turned and took a last look at the Emerald City. All they
could see was a mass of towers and steeples behM
ind the green walls,
and high up above everything the spires and dome of the Palace of Oz.
"Oz was not such a bad Wizard, after all," said the Tin Woodman, as
he felt his heart rattling around in his breast.
"He knew how to give me brains, and very good brains, too," said the
"If Oz had taken a dose of the same courage he gave me," added the
Lion, "he would have been a brave man."
Dorothy said nothing. Oz had not kept the promise he made her, but he
had done his best, so she forgave him.M
As he said, he was a good man,
even if he was a bad Wizard.
The first day's journey was through the green fields and bright
flowers that stretched about the Emerald City on every side. They
slept that night on the grass, with nothing but the stars over them;
and they rested very well indeed.
In the morning they travelled on until they came to a thick wood. There
was no way of going around it, for it seemed to extend to the right and
left as far as they could see; and, besides, they did not dare change
the direction of their journey for fear of getting lost. So they looked
for the place where it would be easiest to get into the forest.
The Scarecrow, who was in the lead, finally discovered a big tree
with such wide spreading-branches that there was room for the party
to pass underneath. So he walked forward to the tree, but just as he
came under the first branches they bent down and twined around him,
and the next minute he was raised from the ground and flung headlong
among his fellow travellers.
is did not hurt the Scarecrow, but it surprised him, and he looked
rather dizzy when Dorothy picked him up.
"Here is another space between the trees," called the Lion.
"Let me try it first," said the Scarecrow, "for it doesn't hurt me to
get thrown about." He walked up to another tree, as he spoke, but its
branches immediately seized him and tossed him back again.
"This is strange," exclaimed Dorothy; "what shall we do?"
"The trees seem to have made up their minds to fight us, and sM
journey," remarked the Lion.
"I believe I will try it myself," said the Woodman, and shouldering
his axe he marched up to the first tree that had handled the
Scarecrow so roughly. When a big branch bent down to seize him the
Woodman chopped at it so fiercely that he cut it in two. At once
the tree began shaking all its branches as if in pain, and the Tin
Woodman passed safely under it.
"Come on!" he shouted to the others; "be quick!"
They all ran forward and passed under the tree without injuM
Toto, who was caught by a small branch and shaken until he howled. But
the Woodman promptly chopped off the branch and set the little dog free.
The other trees of the forest did nothing to keep them back, so they
made up their minds that only the first row of trees could bend down
their branches, and that probably these were the policemen of the
forest, and given this wonderful power in order to keep strangers out
The four travellers walked with ease through the trees until they came
to the further edge of the wood. Then, to their surprise, they found
before them a high wall, which seemed to be made of white china. It was
smooth, like the surface of a dish, and higher than their heads.
"What shall we do now?" asked Dorothy.
"I will make a ladder," said the Tin Woodman, "for we certainly must
climb over the wall."
Chapter XX.
The Dainty
China Country.
While the Woodman was making a ladder from wood which he found in the
forest Dorothy lay down and slept, for she was tired by the long walk.
The Lion also curled himself up to sleep and Toto lay beside him.
The Scarecrow watched the Woodman while he worked, and said to him:
"I cannot think why this wall is here, nor what it is made of."
"Rest your brains and do not worry about the wall," replied the
Woodman; "when we have climbed over it we shall know what is on the
the ladder was finished. It looked clumsy, but the Tin
Woodman was sure it was strong and would answer their purpose. The
Scarecrow waked Dorothy and the Lion and Toto, and told them that the
ladder was ready. The Scarecrow climbed up the ladder first, but he
was so awkward that Dorothy had to follow close behind and keep him
from falling off. When he got his head over the top of the wall the
"Go on," exclaimed Dorothy.
So the Scarecrow climbed further up and sat down on theM
wall, and Dorothy put her head over and cried,
"Oh, my!" just as the Scarecrow had done.
Then Toto came up, and immediately began to bark, but Dorothy made
The Lion climbed the ladder next, and the Tin Woodman came last; but
both of them cried, "Oh, my!" as soon as they looked over the wall.
When they were all sitting in a row on the top of the wall they
looked down and saw a strange sight.
[Illustration: "_These people were all made of china._"]
Before them was a greatM
stretch of country having a floor as smooth
and shining and white as the bottom of a big platter. Scattered
around were many houses made entirely of china and painted in the
brightest colours. These houses were quite small, the biggest of them
reaching only as high as Dorothy's waist. There were also pretty
little barns, with china fences around them, and many cows and sheep
and horses and pigs and chickens, all made of china, were standing
But the strangest of all were the people who liM
country. There were milk-maids and shepherdesses, with bright-colored
bodices and golden spots all over their gowns; and princesses with
most gorgeous frocks of silver and gold and purple; and shepherds
dressed in knee-breeches with pink and yellow and blue stripes down
them, and golden buckles on their shoes; and princes with jewelled
crowns upon their heads, wearing ermine robes and satin doublets; and
funny clowns in ruffled gowns, with round red spots upon their cheeks
d caps. And, strangest of all, these people were all
made of china, even to their clothes, and were so small that the
tallest of them was no higher than Dorothy's knee.
No one did so much as look at the travellers at first, except one
little purple china dog with an extra-large head, which came to the
wall and barked at them in a tiny voice, afterwards running away again.
"How shall we get down?" asked Dorothy.
They found the ladder so heavy they could not pull it up, so the
Scarecrow fell off the walM
l and the others jumped down upon him so
that the hard floor would not hurt their feet. Of course they took
pains not to light on his head and get the pins in their feet. When
all were safely down they picked up the Scarecrow, whose body was
quite flattened out, and patted his straw into shape again.
"We must cross this strange place in order to get to the other side,"
said Dorothy; "for it would be unwise for us to go any other way
They began walking through the country of the china M
first thing they came to was a china milk-maid milking a china cow.
As they drew near the cow suddenly gave a kick and kicked over the
stool, the pail, and even the milk-maid herself, all falling on the
china ground with a great clatter.
Dorothy was shocked to see that the cow had broken her leg short off,
and that the pail was lying in several small pieces, while the poor
milk-maid had a nick in her left elbow.
"There!" cried the milk-maid, angrily; "see what you have done! My
broken her leg, and I must take her to the mender's shop
and have it glued on again. What do you mean by coming here and
frightening my cow?"
"I'm very sorry," returned Dorothy; "please forgive us."
But the pretty milk-maid was much too vexed to make any answer. She
picked up the leg sulkily and led her cow away, the poor animal
limping on three legs. As she left them the milk-maid cast many
reproachful glances over her shoulder at the clumsy strangers,
holding her nicked elbow close to her side.
Dorothy was quite grieved at this mishap.
"We must be very careful here," said the kind-hearted Woodman, "or we
may hurt these pretty little people so they will never get over it."
A little farther on Dorothy met a most beautiful dressed young
princess, who stopped short as she saw the strangers and started to
Dorothy wanted to see more of the Princess, so she ran after her; but
the china girl cried out,
"Don't chase me! don't chase me!"
She had such a frightened little vM
oice that Dorothy stopped and said,
"Because," answered the princess, also stopping, a safe distance
away, "if I run I may fall down and break myself."
"But couldn't you be mended?" asked the girl.
"Oh, yes; but one is never so pretty after being mended, you know,"
replied the princess.
"I suppose not," said Dorothy.
"Now there is Mr. Joker, one of our clowns," continued the china
lady, "who is always trying to stand upon his head. He has broken
himself so often that he is mended inM
a hundred places, and doesn't
look at all pretty. Here he comes now, so you can see for yourself."
Indeed, a jolly little Clown now came walking toward them, and
Dorothy could see that in spite of his pretty clothes of red and
yellow and green he was completely covered with cracks, running every
which way and showing plainly that he had been mended in many places.
The Clown put his hands in his pockets, and after puffing out his
cheeks and nodding his head at them saucily he said,
"My ladM
Why do you stare
At poor old Mr. Joker?
You're quite as stiff
And prim as if
You'd eaten up a poker!"
"Be quiet, sir!" said the princess; "can't you see these are
strangers, and should be treated with respect?"
"Well, that's respect, I expect," declared the Clown, and immediately
stood upon his head.
"Don't mind Mr. Joker," said the princess to Dorothy; "he is
considerably cracked in his head, and that makes him foolish."
"Oh, I don't mind him a bit," said Dorothy. "But you are so
beautiful," she continued, "that I am sure I could love you dearly.
Won't you let me carry you back to Kansas and stand you on Aunt Em's
mantle-shelf? I could carry you in my basket."
"That would make me very unhappy," answered the china princess. "You
see, here in our own country we live contentedly, and can talk and
move around as we please. But whenever any of us are taken away
our joints at once stiffen, and we can only stand straigM
pretty. Of course that is all that is expected of us when we are on
mantle-shelves and cabinets and drawing-room tables, but our lives
are much pleasanter here in our own country."
"I would not make you unhappy for all the world!" exclaimed Dorothy;
"so I'll just say good-bye."
"Good-bye," replied the princess.
They walked carefully through the china country. The little animals
and all the people scampered out of their way, fearing the strangers
would break them, and after an hour or so tM
he travellers reached the
other side of the country and came to another china wall.
It was not as high as the first, however, and by standing upon the
Lion's back they all managed to scramble to the top. Then the Lion
gathered his legs under him and jumped on the wall; but just as he
jumped he upset a china church with his tail and smashed it all to
"That was too bad," said Dorothy, "but really I think we were lucky
in not doing these little people more harm than breaking a cow's leg
ch. They are all so brittle!"
"They are, indeed," said the Scarecrow, "and I am thankful I am made
of straw and cannot be easily damaged. There are worse things in the
world than being a Scarecrow."
Chapter XXI.
The Lion Becomes
the King of Beasts.
After climbing down from the china wall the travellers found
themselves in a disagreeable country, full of bogs and marshes andM
covered with tall, rank grass. It was difficult to walk far without
falling into muddy holes, for the grass was so thick that it hid them
from sight. However, by carefully picking their way, they got safely
along until they reached solid ground. But here the country seemed
wilder than ever, and after a long and tiresome walk through the
underbrush they entered another forest, where the trees were bigger
and older than any they had ever seen.
"This forest is perfectly delightful," declared the Lion, lookiM
around him with joy; "never have I seen a more beautiful place."
"It seems gloomy," said the Scarecrow.
"Not a bit of it," answered the Lion; "I should like to live here all
my life. See how soft the dried leaves are under your feet and how
rich and green the moss is that clings to these old trees. Surely no
wild beast could wish a pleasanter home."
"Perhaps there are wild beasts in the forest now," said Dorothy.
"I suppose there are," returned the Lion; "but I do not see any of
They walked through the forest until it became too dark to go any
farther. Dorothy and Toto and the Lion lay down to sleep, while the
Woodman and the Scarecrow kept watch over them as usual.
When morning came they started again. Before they had gone far they
heard a low rumble, as of the growling of many wild animals. Toto
whimpered a little but none of the others was frightened and they kept
along the well-trodden path until they came to an opening in the wood,
in which were gathered hundreds of beasts ofM
every variety. There were
tigers and elephants and bears and wolves and foxes and all the others
in the natural history, and for a moment Dorothy was afraid. But the
Lion explained that the animals were holding a meeting, and he judged
by their snarling and growling that they were in great trouble.
As he spoke several of the beasts caught sight of him, and at once
the great assemblage hushed as if by magic. The biggest of the tigers
came up to the Lion and bowed, saying,
ing of Beasts! You have come in good time to fight our
enemy and bring peace to all the animals of the forest once more."
"What is your trouble?" asked the Lion, quietly.
"We are all threatened," answered the tiger, "by a fierce enemy which
has lately come into this forest. It is a most tremendous monster, like
a great spider, with a body as big as an elephant and legs as long as
a tree trunk. It has eight of these long legs, and as the monster
crawls through the forest he seizes an animal with a leg andM
to his mouth, where he eats it as a spider does a fly. Not one of us is
safe while this fierce creature is alive, and we had called a meeting
to decide how to take care of ourselves when you came among us."
The Lion thought for a moment.
"Are there any other lions in this forest?" he asked.
"No; there were some, but the monster has eaten them all. And,
besides, they were none of them nearly so large and brave as you."
"If I put an end to your enemy will you bow down to me and obey me as
ing of the Forest?" enquired the Lion.
"We will do that gladly," returned the tiger; and all the other
beasts roared with a mighty roar: "We will!"
"Where is this great spider of yours now?" asked the Lion.
"Yonder, among the oak trees," said the tiger, pointing with his
"Take good care of these friends of mine," said the Lion, "and I will
go at once to fight the monster."
He bade his comrades good-bye and marched proudly away to do battle
The great spider was lying M
asleep when the Lion found him, and it
looked so ugly that its foe turned up his nose in disgust. Its legs
were quite as long as the tiger had said, and it's body covered with
coarse black hair. It had a great mouth, with a row of sharp teeth
a foot long; but its head was joined to the pudgy body by a neck as
slender as a wasp's waist. This gave the Lion a hint of the best way
to attack the creature, and as he knew it was easier to fight it
asleep than awake, he gave a great spring and landed directly upon
the monster's back. Then, with one blow of his heavy paw, all armed
with sharp claws, he knocked the spider's head from its body. Jumping
down, he watched it until the long legs stopped wiggling, when he
knew it was quite dead.
The Lion went back to the opening where the beasts of the forest were
waiting for him and said, proudly, "You need fear your enemy no longer."
Then the beasts bowed down to the Lion as their King, and he promised
to come back and rule over them as soon as Dorothy was safely on herM
Chapter XXII.
The Country
of the Quadlings
[Illustration: "_The Head shot forward and struck the Scarecrow._"]
The four travellers passed through the rest of the forest in safety,
and when they came out from its gloom saw before them a steep hill,
covered from top to bottom with great pieces of rock.
"That will be a hard climb," said the Scarecrow, "buM
over the hill, nevertheless."
So he led the way and the others followed. They had nearly reached
the first rock when they heard a rough voice cry out,
"Who are you?" asked the Scarecrow. Then a head showed itself over
the rock and the same voice said,
"This hill belongs to us, and we don't allow anyone to cross it."
"But we must cross it," said the Scarecrow. "We're going to the
country of the Quadlings."
"But you shall not!" replied the voice, and there stepped fromM
the rock the strangest man the travellers had ever seen.
He was quite short and stout and had a big head, which was flat at the
top and supported by a thick neck full of wrinkles. But he had no arms
at all, and, seeing this, the Scarecrow did not fear that so helpless a
creature could prevent them from climbing the hill. So he said,
"I'm sorry not to do as you wish, but we must pass over your hill
whether you like it or not," and he walked boldly forward.
As quick as lightning the man's head sM
hot forward and his neck
stretched out until the top of the head, where it was flat, struck
the Scarecrow in the middle and sent him tumbling, over and over,
down the hill. Almost as quickly as it came the head went back to the
body, and the man laughed harshly as he said,
"It isn't as easy as you think!"
A chorus of boisterous laughter came from the other rocks, and
Dorothy saw hundreds of the armless Hammer-Heads upon the hillside,
one behind every rock.
The Lion became quite angry at the laughter M
caused by the Scarecrow's
mishap, and giving a loud roar that echoed like thunder he dashed up
Again a head shot swiftly out, and the great Lion went rolling down
the hill as if he had been struck by a cannon ball.
Dorothy ran down and helped the Scarecrow to his feet, and the Lion
came up to her, feeling rather bruised and sore, and said,
"It is useless to fight people with shooting heads; no one can
"What can we do, then?" she asked.
"Call the Winged Monkeys," suggesM
ted the Tin Woodman; "you have still
the right to command them once more."
"Very well," she answered, and putting on the Golden Cap she uttered
the magic words. The Monkeys were as prompt as ever, and in a few
moments the entire band stood before her.
"What are your commands?" enquired the King of the Monkeys, bowing low.
"Carry us over the hill to the country of the Quadlings," answered
"It shall be done," said the King, and at once the Winged Monkeys
caught the four travellers and Toto M
up in their arms and flew away
with them. As they passed over the hill the Hammer-Heads yelled with
vexation, and shot their heads high in the air; but they could not
reach the Winged Monkeys, which carried Dorothy and her comrades
safely over the hill and set them down in the beautiful country of
"This is the last time you can summon us," said the leader to
Dorothy; "so good-bye and good luck to you."
"Good-bye, and thank you very much," returned the girl; and the
Monkeys rose into the M
air and were out of sight in a twinkling.
The country of the Quadlings seemed rich and happy. There was field
upon field of ripening grain, with well-paved roads running between,
and pretty rippling brooks with strong bridges across them. The fences
and houses and bridges were all painted bright red, just as they had
been painted yellow in the country of the Winkies and blue in the
country of the Munchkins. The Quadlings themselves, who were short and
fat and looked chubby and good natured, were dressed alM
showed bright against the green grass and the yellowing grain.
The Monkeys had set them down near a farm house, and the four
travellers walked up to it and knocked at the door. It was opened by
the farmer's wife, and when Dorothy asked for something to eat the
woman gave them all a good dinner, with three kinds of cake and four
kinds of cookies, and a bowl of milk for Toto.
"How far is it to the Castle of Glinda?" asked the child.
"It is not a great way," answered the farmer's wife. "TM
to the South and you will soon reach it."
Thanking the good woman, they started afresh and walked by the fields
and across the pretty bridges until they saw before them a very
beautiful Castle. Before the gates were three young girls, dressed
in handsome red uniforms trimmed with gold braid; and as Dorothy
approached one of them said to her,
"Why have you come to the South Country?"
"To see the Good Witch who rules here," she answered. "Will you take
"Let me have your nameM
and I will ask Glinda if she will receive
you." They told who they were, and the girl soldier went into the
Castle. After a few moments she came back to say that Dorothy and the
others were to be admitted at once.
Chapter XXIII.
The Good Witch
Grants Dorothy's
Wish.
[Illustration: "_You must give me the Golden Cap._"]
efore they went to see Glinda, however, they were taken to a room of
the Castle, where Dorothy washed her face and combed her hair, and
the Lion shook the dust out of his mane, and the Scarecrow patted
himself into his best shape, and the Woodman polished his tin and
When they were all quite presentable they followed the soldier girl
into a big room where the Witch Glinda sat upon a throne of rubies.
She was both beautiful and young to their eyes. Her hair was a rich
ell in flowing ringlets over her shoulders. Her
dress was pure white; but her eyes were blue, and they looked kindly
upon the little girl.
"What can I do for you, my child?" she asked.
Dorothy told the Witch all her story; how the cyclone had brought
her to the Land of Oz, how she had found her companions, and of the
wonderful adventures they had met with.
"My greatest wish now," she added, "is to get back to Kansas, for
Aunt Em will surely think something dreadful has happened to me, and
ake her put on mourning; and unless the crops are better
this year than they were last I am sure Uncle Henry cannot afford it."
Glinda leaned forward and kissed the sweet, upturned face of the
"Bless your dear heart," she said, "I am sure I can tell you of a way
to get back to Kansas." Then she added:
"But, if I do, you must give me the Golden Cap."
"Willingly!" exclaimed Dorothy; "indeed, it is of no use to me now,
and when you have it you can command the Winged Monkeys three tiM
"And I think I shall need their service just those three times,"
answered Glinda, smiling.
Dorothy then gave her the Golden Cap, and the Witch said to the
"What will you do when Dorothy has left us?"
"I will return to the Emerald City," he replied, "for Oz has made me
its ruler and the people like me. The only thing that worries me is
how to cross the hill of the Hammer-Heads."
"By means of the Golden Cap I shall command the Winged Monkeys to
carry you to the gates of the EmeralM
d City," said Glinda, "for it
would be a shame to deprive the people of so wonderful a ruler."
"Am I really wonderful?" asked the Scarecrow.
"You are unusual," replied Glinda.
Turning to the Tin Woodman, she asked:
"What will become of you when Dorothy leaves this country?"
He leaned on his axe and thought a moment. Then he said,
"The Winkies were very kind to me, and wanted me to rule over them
after the Wicked Witch died. I am fond of the Winkies, and if I could
get back again to the country M
of the West I should like nothing
better than to rule over them forever."
"My second command to the Winged Monkeys," said Glinda, "will be that
they carry you safely to the land of the Winkies. Your brains may not
be so large to look at as those of the Scarecrow, but you are really
brighter than he is--when you are well polished--and I am sure you
will rule the Winkies wisely and well."
Then the Witch looked at the big, shaggy Lion and asked,
"When Dorothy has returned to her own home, what will becomM
"Over the hill of the Hammer-Heads," he answered, "lies a grand old
forest, and all the beasts that live there have made me their King.
If I could only get back to this forest I would pass my life very
"My third command to the Winged Monkeys," said Glinda, "shall be to
carry you to your forest. Then, having used up the powers of the
Golden Cap, I shall give it to the King of the Monkeys, that he and
his band may thereafter be free for evermore."
The Scarecrow and the Tin WoM
odman and the Lion now thanked the Good
Witch earnestly for her kindness, and Dorothy exclaimed,
"You are certainly as good as you are beautiful! But you have not yet
told me how to get back to Kansas."
"Your Silver Shoes will carry you over the desert," replied Glinda.
"If you had known their power you could have gone back to your Aunt
Em the very first day you came to this country."
"But then I should not have had my wonderful brains!" cried the
Scarecrow. "I might have passed my wM
hole life in the farmer's
"And I should not have had my lovely heart," said the Tin Woodman. "I
might have stood and rusted in the forest till the end of the world."
"And I should have lived a coward forever," declared the Lion, "and
no beast in all the forest would have had a good word to say to me."
"This is all true," said Dorothy, "and I am glad I was of use to
these good friends. But now that each of them has had what he most
desired, and each is happy in having a kingdom to rule besiM
think I should like to go back to Kansas."
"The Silver Shoes," said the Good Witch, "have wonderful powers. And
one of the most curious things about them is that they can carry you to
any place in the world in three steps, and each step will be made in
the wink of an eye. All you have to do is to knock the heels together
three times and command the shoes to carry you wherever you wish to go."
"If that is so," said the child, joyfully, "I will ask them to carry
me back to Kansas at once."
rew her arms around the Lion's neck and kissed him, patting
his big head tenderly. Then she kissed the Tin Woodman, who was
weeping in a way most dangerous to his joints. But she hugged the
soft, stuffed body of the Scarecrow in her arms instead of kissing
his painted face, and found she was crying herself at this sorrowful
parting from her loving comrades.
Glinda the Good stepped down from her ruby throne to give the little
girl a good-bye kiss, and Dorothy thanked her for all the kindness
to her friends and herself.
Dorothy now took Toto up solemnly in her arms, and having said one
last good-bye she clapped the heels of her shoes together three
"Take me home to Aunt Em!"
* * * * *
Instantly she was whirling through the air, so swiftly that all she
could see or feel was the wind whistling past her ears.
The Silver Shoes took but three steps, and then she stopped so
suddenly that she rolled over upon the grass several tM
At length, however, she sat up and looked about her.
"Good gracious!" she cried.
For she was sitting on the broad Kansas prairie, and just before
her was the new farm-house Uncle Henry built after the cyclone had
carried away the old one. Uncle Henry was milking the cows in the
barnyard, and Toto had jumped out of her arms and was running toward
the barn, barking joyously.
Dorothy stood up and found she was in her stocking-feet. For the
Silver Shoes had fallen oM
ff in her flight through the air, and were
lost forever in the desert.
Chapter XXIV.
Home Again.
Aunt Em had just come out of the house to water the cabbages when she
looked up and saw Dorothy running toward her.
"My darling child!" she cried, folding the little girl in her arms and
covering her face with kisses; "where in the world did you come from?"
"From the Land of Oz," said Dorothy, gravely. "And here is TotLOo, too.
And oh, Aunt Em! I'm so glad to be at home again!"
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PERSONS OF THE DIALOGUE:
Phaedo, who is the narrator of the dialogue to Echecrates of Phlius.
Socrates, Apollodorus, Simmias, Cebes, Crito and an Attendant of the
SCENE: The Prison of Socrates.
PLACE OF THE NARRATION: Phlius.
ECHECRATES: Were you yourself, Phaedo, in the prison with Socrates on
the day when he drank the poison?
PHAEDO: Yes, Echecrates, I was.
ECHECRATES: I should so like to hear about his death. What did he say in
his last hours? We were M
informed that he died by taking poison, but no
one knew anything more; for no Phliasian ever goes to Athens now, and it
is a long time since any stranger from Athens has found his way hither;
so that we had no clear account.
PHAEDO: Did you not hear of the proceedings at the trial?
ECHECRATES: Yes; some one told us about the trial, and we could not
understand why, having been condemned, he should have been put to death,
not at the time, but long afterwards. What was the reason of this?
dent, Echecrates: the stern of the ship which the
Athenians send to Delos happened to have been crowned on the day before
ECHECRATES: What is this ship?
PHAEDO: It is the ship in which, according to Athenian tradition,
Theseus went to Crete when he took with him the fourteen youths, and was
the saviour of them and of himself. And they were said to have vowed
to Apollo at the time, that if they were saved they would send a yearly
mission to Delos. Now this custom still continues, and the whM
of the voyage to and from Delos, beginning when the priest of Apollo
crowns the stern of the ship, is a holy season, during which the city is
not allowed to be polluted by public executions; and when the vessel
is detained by contrary winds, the time spent in going and returning
is very considerable. As I was saying, the ship was crowned on the day
before the trial, and this was the reason why Socrates lay in prison and
was not put to death until long after he was condemned.
ECHECRATES: What waM
s the manner of his death, Phaedo? What was said or
done? And which of his friends were with him? Or did the authorities
forbid them to be present--so that he had no friends near him when he
PHAEDO: No; there were several of them with him.
ECHECRATES: If you have nothing to do, I wish that you would tell me
what passed, as exactly as you can.
PHAEDO: I have nothing at all to do, and will try to gratify your wish.
To be reminded of Socrates is always the greatest delight to me, whether
yself or hear another speak of him.
ECHECRATES: You will have listeners who are of the same mind with you,
and I hope that you will be as exact as you can.
PHAEDO: I had a singular feeling at being in his company. For I
could hardly believe that I was present at the death of a friend, and
therefore I did not pity him, Echecrates; he died so fearlessly, and
his words and bearing were so noble and gracious, that to me he appeared
blessed. I thought that in going to the other world he could not be
a divine call, and that he would be happy, if any man ever was,
when he arrived there, and therefore I did not pity him as might have
seemed natural at such an hour. But I had not the pleasure which I
usually feel in philosophical discourse (for philosophy was the theme
of which we spoke). I was pleased, but in the pleasure there was also a
strange admixture of pain; for I reflected that he was soon to die, and
this double feeling was shared by us all; we were laughing and weeping
by turns, especially the exM
citable Apollodorus--you know the sort of
PHAEDO: He was quite beside himself; and I and all of us were greatly
ECHECRATES: Who were present?
PHAEDO: Of native Athenians there were, besides Apollodorus, Critobulus
and his father Crito, Hermogenes, Epigenes, Aeschines, Antisthenes;
likewise Ctesippus of the deme of Paeania, Menexenus, and some others;
Plato, if I am not mistaken, was ill.
ECHECRATES: Were there any strangers?
PHAEDO: Yes, there were; Simmias the ThM
eban, and Cebes, and Phaedondes;
Euclid and Terpison, who came from Megara.
ECHECRATES: And was Aristippus there, and Cleombrotus?
PHAEDO: No, they were said to be in Aegina.
ECHECRATES: Any one else?
PHAEDO: I think that these were nearly all.
ECHECRATES: Well, and what did you talk about?
PHAEDO: I will begin at the beginning, and endeavour to repeat the
entire conversation. On the previous days we had been in the habit of
assembling early in the morning at the court in which the trial took
place, and which is not far from the prison. There we used to wait
talking with one another until the opening of the doors (for they were
not opened very early); then we went in and generally passed the day
with Socrates. On the last morning we assembled sooner than usual,
having heard on the day before when we quitted the prison in the evening
that the sacred ship had come from Delos, and so we arranged to meet
very early at the accustomed place. On our arrival the jailer who
answered the door, instead of aM
dmitting us, came out and told us to stay
until he called us. 'For the Eleven,' he said, 'are now with Socrates;
they are taking off his chains, and giving orders that he is to die
to-day.' He soon returned and said that we might come in. On entering we
found Socrates just released from chains, and Xanthippe, whom you know,
sitting by him, and holding his child in her arms. When she saw us she
uttered a cry and said, as women will: 'O Socrates, this is the last
time that either you will converse with your frM
iends, or they with you.'
Socrates turned to Crito and said: 'Crito, let some one take her home.'
Some of Crito's people accordingly led her away, crying out and beating
herself. And when she was gone, Socrates, sitting up on the couch, bent
and rubbed his leg, saying, as he was rubbing: How singular is the
thing called pleasure, and how curiously related to pain, which might be
thought to be the opposite of it; for they are never present to a man at
the same instant, and yet he who pursues either is generalM
to take the other; their bodies are two, but they are joined by a single
head. And I cannot help thinking that if Aesop had remembered them, he
would have made a fable about God trying to reconcile their strife, and
how, when he could not, he fastened their heads together; and this is
the reason why when one comes the other follows, as I know by my own
experience now, when after the pain in my leg which was caused by the
chain pleasure appears to succeed.
Upon this Cebes said: I am glad, SocrM
ates, that you have mentioned the
name of Aesop. For it reminds me of a question which has been asked by
many, and was asked of me only the day before yesterday by Evenus the
poet--he will be sure to ask it again, and therefore if you would like
me to have an answer ready for him, you may as well tell me what I
should say to him:--he wanted to know why you, who never before wrote
a line of poetry, now that you are in prison are turning Aesop's fables
into verse, and also composing that hymn in honour of ApolM
Tell him, Cebes, he replied, what is the truth--that I had no idea of
rivalling him or his poems; to do so, as I knew, would be no easy task.
But I wanted to see whether I could purge away a scruple which I felt
about the meaning of certain dreams. In the course of my life I have
often had intimations in dreams 'that I should compose music.' The same
dream came to me sometimes in one form, and sometimes in another, but
always saying the same or nearly the same words: 'Cultivate and make
he dream. And hitherto I had imagined that this was only
intended to exhort and encourage me in the study of philosophy, which
has been the pursuit of my life, and is the noblest and best of music.
The dream was bidding me do what I was already doing, in the same way
that the competitor in a race is bidden by the spectators to run when he
is already running. But I was not certain of this, for the dream might
have meant music in the popular sense of the word, and being under
sentence of death, and the festivaM
l giving me a respite, I thought that
it would be safer for me to satisfy the scruple, and, in obedience to
the dream, to compose a few verses before I departed. And first I made
a hymn in honour of the god of the festival, and then considering that a
poet, if he is really to be a poet, should not only put together words,
but should invent stories, and that I have no invention, I took some
fables of Aesop, which I had ready at hand and which I knew--they were
the first I came upon--and turned them into verseM
. Tell this to Evenus,
Cebes, and bid him be of good cheer; say that I would have him come
after me if he be a wise man, and not tarry; and that to-day I am likely
to be going, for the Athenians say that I must.
Simmias said: What a message for such a man! having been a frequent
companion of his I should say that, as far as I know him, he will never
take your advice unless he is obliged.
Why, said Socrates,--is not Evenus a philosopher?
I think that he is, said Simmias.
Then he, or any man who has M
the spirit of philosophy, will be willing to
die, but he will not take his own life, for that is held to be unlawful.
Here he changed his position, and put his legs off the couch on to the
ground, and during the rest of the conversation he remained sitting.
Why do you say, enquired Cebes, that a man ought not to take his own
life, but that the philosopher will be ready to follow the dying?
Socrates replied: And have you, Cebes and Simmias, who are the disciples
of Philolaus, never heard him speak of thM
Yes, but his language was obscure, Socrates.
My words, too, are only an echo; but there is no reason why I should not
repeat what I have heard: and indeed, as I am going to another place,
it is very meet for me to be thinking and talking of the nature of
the pilgrimage which I am about to make. What can I do better in the
interval between this and the setting of the sun?
Then tell me, Socrates, why is suicide held to be unlawful? as I have
certainly heard Philolaus, about whom you were just now asM
when he was staying with us at Thebes: and there are others who say the
same, although I have never understood what was meant by any of them.
Do not lose heart, replied Socrates, and the day may come when you will
understand. I suppose that you wonder why, when other things which are
evil may be good at certain times and to certain persons, death is to
be the only exception, and why, when a man is better dead, he is not
permitted to be his own benefactor, but must wait for the hand of
Very true, said Cebes, laughing gently and speaking in his native
I admit the appearance of inconsistency in what I am saying; but
there may not be any real inconsistency after all. There is a doctrine
whispered in secret that man is a prisoner who has no right to open
the door and run away; this is a great mystery which I do not quite
understand. Yet I too believe that the gods are our guardians, and that
we are a possession of theirs. Do you not agree?
Yes, I quite agree, said Cebes.
And if one of your own possessions, an ox or an ass, for example, took
the liberty of putting himself out of the way when you had given no
intimation of your wish that he should die, would you not be angry with
him, and would you not punish him if you could?
Certainly, replied Cebes.
Then, if we look at the matter thus, there may be reason in saying that
a man should wait, and not take his own life until God summons him, as
he is now summoning me.
Yes, Socrates, said Cebes, there seems to be truth inM
yet how can you reconcile this seemingly true belief that God is our
guardian and we his possessions, with the willingness to die which we
were just now attributing to the philosopher? That the wisest of men
should be willing to leave a service in which they are ruled by the gods
who are the best of rulers, is not reasonable; for surely no wise man
thinks that when set at liberty he can take better care of himself than
the gods take of him. A fool may perhaps think so--he may argue that heM
had better run away from his master, not considering that his duty is
to remain to the end, and not to run away from the good, and that there
would be no sense in his running away. The wise man will want to be ever
with him who is better than himself. Now this, Socrates, is the reverse
of what was just now said; for upon this view the wise man should sorrow
and the fool rejoice at passing out of life.
The earnestness of Cebes seemed to please Socrates. Here, said he,
turning to us, is a man who is alwaysM
inquiring, and is not so easily
convinced by the first thing which he hears.
And certainly, added Simmias, the objection which he is now making does
appear to me to have some force. For what can be the meaning of a truly
wise man wanting to fly away and lightly leave a master who is better
than himself? And I rather imagine that Cebes is referring to you; he
thinks that you are too ready to leave us, and too ready to leave the
gods whom you acknowledge to be our good masters.
Yes, replied Socrates; theM
re is reason in what you say. And so you think
that I ought to answer your indictment as if I were in a court?
We should like you to do so, said Simmias.
Then I must try to make a more successful defence before you than I
did when before the judges. For I am quite ready to admit, Simmias and
Cebes, that I ought to be grieved at death, if I were not persuaded in
the first place that I am going to other gods who are wise and good (of
which I am as certain as I can be of any such matters), and secondly
ough I am not so sure of this last) to men departed, better than
those whom I leave behind; and therefore I do not grieve as I might have
done, for I have good hope that there is yet something remaining for the
dead, and as has been said of old, some far better thing for the good
But do you mean to take away your thoughts with you, Socrates? said
Simmias. Will you not impart them to us?--for they are a benefit
in which we too are entitled to share. Moreover, if you succeed in
us, that will be an answer to the charge against yourself.
I will do my best, replied Socrates. But you must first let me hear what
Crito wants; he has long been wishing to say something to me.
Only this, Socrates, replied Crito:--the attendant who is to give you
the poison has been telling me, and he wants me to tell you, that you
are not to talk much, talking, he says, increases heat, and this is
apt to interfere with the action of the poison; persons who excite
themselves are sometimes obliged to takM
e a second or even a third dose.
Then, said Socrates, let him mind his business and be prepared to give
the poison twice or even thrice if necessary; that is all.
I knew quite well what you would say, replied Crito; but I was obliged
Never mind him, he said.
And now, O my judges, I desire to prove to you that the real philosopher
has reason to be of good cheer when he is about to die, and that after
death he may hope to obtain the greatest good in the other world. And
e, Simmias and Cebes, I will endeavour to explain. For I
deem that the true votary of philosophy is likely to be misunderstood
by other men; they do not perceive that he is always pursuing death and
dying; and if this be so, and he has had the desire of death all his
life long, why when his time comes should he repine at that which he has
been always pursuing and desiring?
Simmias said laughingly: Though not in a laughing humour, you have made
me laugh, Socrates; for I cannot help thinking that the many whM
hear your words will say how truly you have described philosophers, and
our people at home will likewise say that the life which philosophers
desire is in reality death, and that they have found them out to be
deserving of the death which they desire.
And they are right, Simmias, in thinking so, with the exception of the
words 'they have found them out'; for they have not found out either
what is the nature of that death which the true philosopher deserves,
or how he deserves or desires death. ButM
enough of them:--let us discuss
the matter among ourselves: Do we believe that there is such a thing as
To be sure, replied Simmias.
Is it not the separation of soul and body? And to be dead is the
completion of this; when the soul exists in herself, and is released
from the body and the body is released from the soul, what is this but
Just so, he replied.
There is another question, which will probably throw light on our
present inquiry if you and I can agree about it:--Ought the phM
to care about the pleasures--if they are to be called pleasures--of
eating and drinking?
Certainly not, answered Simmias.
And what about the pleasures of love--should he care for them?
And will he think much of the other ways of indulging the body, for
example, the acquisition of costly raiment, or sandals, or other
adornments of the body? Instead of caring about them, does he not rather
despise anything more than nature needs? What do you say?
I should say that the true pM
hilosopher would despise them.
Would you not say that he is entirely concerned with the soul and not
with the body? He would like, as far as he can, to get away from the
body and to turn to the soul.
In matters of this sort philosophers, above all other men, may be
observed in every sort of way to dissever the soul from the communion of
Whereas, Simmias, the rest of the world are of opinion that to him who
has no sense of pleasure and no part in bodily pleasure, M
worth having; and that he who is indifferent about them is as good as
What again shall we say of the actual acquirement of knowledge?--is the
body, if invited to share in the enquiry, a hinderer or a helper? I mean
to say, have sight and hearing any truth in them? Are they not, as the
poets are always telling us, inaccurate witnesses? and yet, if even
they are inaccurate and indistinct, what is to be said of the other
senses?--for you will allow that they are the beM
Certainly, he replied.
Then when does the soul attain truth?--for in attempting to consider
anything in company with the body she is obviously deceived.
Then must not true existence be revealed to her in thought, if at all?
And thought is best when the mind is gathered into herself and none of
these things trouble her--neither sounds nor sights nor pain nor any
pleasure,--when she takes leave of the body, and has as little as
possible to do with it, when she has no bodilM
y sense or desire, but is
aspiring after true being?
And in this the philosopher dishonours the body; his soul runs away from
his body and desires to be alone and by herself?
Well, but there is another thing, Simmias: Is there or is there not an
And an absolute beauty and absolute good?
But did you ever behold any of them with your eyes?
Or did you ever reach them with any other bodily sense?--aM
of these alone, but of absolute greatness, and health, and strength,
and of the essence or true nature of everything. Has the reality of them
ever been perceived by you through the bodily organs? or rather, is not
the nearest approach to the knowledge of their several natures made
by him who so orders his intellectual vision as to have the most exact
conception of the essence of each thing which he considers?
And he attains to the purest knowledge of them who goes to each with M
mind alone, not introducing or intruding in the act of thought sight
or any other sense together with reason, but with the very light of the
mind in her own clearness searches into the very truth of each; he who
has got rid, as far as he can, of eyes and ears and, so to speak, of the
whole body, these being in his opinion distracting elements which when
they infect the soul hinder her from acquiring truth and knowledge--who,
if not he, is likely to attain the knowledge of true being?
a wonderful truth in it, Socrates, replied Simmias.
And when real philosophers consider all these things, will they not be
led to make a reflection which they will express in words something like
the following? 'Have we not found,' they will say, 'a path of thought
which seems to bring us and our argument to the conclusion, that while
we are in the body, and while the soul is infected with the evils of the
body, our desire will not be satisfied? and our desire is of the truth.
For the body is a source of eM
ndless trouble to us by reason of the mere
requirement of food; and is liable also to diseases which overtake and
impede us in the search after true being: it fills us full of loves, and
lusts, and fears, and fancies of all kinds, and endless foolery, and
in fact, as men say, takes away from us the power of thinking at all.
Whence come wars, and fightings, and factions? whence but from the body
and the lusts of the body? wars are occasioned by the love of money, and
money has to be acquired for the sake and M
in the service of the body;
and by reason of all these impediments we have no time to give to
philosophy; and, last and worst of all, even if we are at leisure and
betake ourselves to some speculation, the body is always breaking in
upon us, causing turmoil and confusion in our enquiries, and so amazing
us that we are prevented from seeing the truth. It has been proved to us
by experience that if we would have pure knowledge of anything we
must be quit of the body--the soul in herself must behold things in
themselves: and then we shall attain the wisdom which we desire, and of
which we say that we are lovers, not while we live, but after death; for
if while in company with the body, the soul cannot have pure knowledge,
one of two things follows--either knowledge is not to be attained at
all, or, if at all, after death. For then, and not till then, the soul
will be parted from the body and exist in herself alone. In this present
life, I reckon that we make the nearest approach to knowledge when we
t possible intercourse or communion with the body, and are
not surfeited with the bodily nature, but keep ourselves pure until the
hour when God himself is pleased to release us. And thus having got rid
of the foolishness of the body we shall be pure and hold converse with
the pure, and know of ourselves the clear light everywhere, which is
no other than the light of truth.' For the impure are not permitted to
approach the pure. These are the sort of words, Simmias, which the true
lovers of knowledge cannot M
help saying to one another, and thinking. You
would agree; would you not?
Undoubtedly, Socrates.
But, O my friend, if this is true, there is great reason to hope that,
going whither I go, when I have come to the end of my journey, I shall
attain that which has been the pursuit of my life. And therefore I go on
my way rejoicing, and not I only, but every other man who believes that
his mind has been made ready and that he is in a manner purified.
Certainly, replied Simmias.
And what is purification M
but the separation of the soul from the body,
as I was saying before; the habit of the soul gathering and collecting
herself into herself from all sides out of the body; the dwelling in
her own place alone, as in another life, so also in this, as far as she
can;--the release of the soul from the chains of the body?
And this separation and release of the soul from the body is termed
To be sure, he said.
And the true philosophers, and they only, are ever seeking to release
the soul. Is not the separation and release of the soul from the body
their especial study?
And, as I was saying at first, there would be a ridiculous contradiction
in men studying to live as nearly as they can in a state of death, and
yet repining when it comes upon them.
And the true philosophers, Simmias, are always occupied in the practice
of dying, wherefore also to them least of all men is death terrible.
Look at the matter thus:--if they have been in every way the eneM
the body, and are wanting to be alone with the soul, when this desire of
theirs is granted, how inconsistent would they be if they trembled and
repined, instead of rejoicing at their departure to that place where,
when they arrive, they hope to gain that which in life they desired--and
this was wisdom--and at the same time to be rid of the company of their
enemy. Many a man has been willing to go to the world below animated
by the hope of seeing there an earthly love, or wife, or son, and
with them. And will he who is a true lover of wisdom, and is
strongly persuaded in like manner that only in the world below he can
worthily enjoy her, still repine at death? Will he not depart with joy?
Surely he will, O my friend, if he be a true philosopher. For he will
have a firm conviction that there and there only, he can find wisdom
in her purity. And if this be true, he would be very absurd, as I was
saying, if he were afraid of death.
He would, indeed, replied Simmias.
And when you see a man wM
ho is repining at the approach of death, is not
his reluctance a sufficient proof that he is not a lover of wisdom, but
a lover of the body, and probably at the same time a lover of either
money or power, or both?
Quite so, he replied.
And is not courage, Simmias, a quality which is specially characteristic
There is temperance again, which even by the vulgar is supposed to
consist in the control and regulation of the passions, and in the sense
of superiority to them-M
-is not temperance a virtue belonging to those
only who despise the body, and who pass their lives in philosophy?
For the courage and temperance of other men, if you will consider them,
are really a contradiction.
Well, he said, you are aware that death is regarded by men in general as
And do not courageous men face death because they are afraid of yet
Then all but the philosophers are courageousM
only from fear, and because
they are afraid; and yet that a man should be courageous from fear, and
because he is a coward, is surely a strange thing.
And are not the temperate exactly in the same case? They are temperate
because they are intemperate--which might seem to be a contradiction,
but is nevertheless the sort of thing which happens with this foolish
temperance. For there are pleasures which they are afraid of losing; and
in their desire to keep them, they abstain from some pleasureM
they are overcome by others; and although to be conquered by pleasure is
called by men intemperance, to them the conquest of pleasure consists in
being conquered by pleasure. And that is what I mean by saying that, in
a sense, they are made temperate through intemperance.
Such appears to be the case.
Yet the exchange of one fear or pleasure or pain for another fear or
pleasure or pain, and of the greater for the less, as if they were
coins, is not the exchange of virtue. O my blessed Simmias,M
one true coin for which all things ought to be exchanged?--and that
is wisdom; and only in exchange for this, and in company with this, is
anything truly bought or sold, whether courage or temperance or justice.
And is not all true virtue the companion of wisdom, no matter what fears
or pleasures or other similar goods or evils may or may not attend her?
But the virtue which is made up of these goods, when they are severed
from wisdom and exchanged with one another, is a shadow of virtue only,
nor is there any freedom or health or truth in her; but in the true
exchange there is a purging away of all these things, and temperance,
and justice, and courage, and wisdom herself are the purgation of them.
The founders of the mysteries would appear to have had a real meaning,
and were not talking nonsense when they intimated in a figure long ago
that he who passes unsanctified and uninitiated into the world below
will lie in a slough, but that he who arrives there after initiation and
dwell with the gods. For 'many,' as they say in the
mysteries, 'are the thyrsus-bearers, but few are the mystics,'--meaning,
as I interpret the words, 'the true philosophers.' In the number
of whom, during my whole life, I have been seeking, according to my
ability, to find a place;--whether I have sought in a right way or not,
and whether I have succeeded or not, I shall truly know in a little
while, if God will, when I myself arrive in the other world--such is my
belief. And therefore I maintain that I am M
right, Simmias and Cebes,
in not grieving or repining at parting from you and my masters in this
world, for I believe that I shall equally find good masters and friends
in another world. But most men do not believe this saying; if then I
succeed in convincing you by my defence better than I did the Athenian
judges, it will be well.
Cebes answered: I agree, Socrates, in the greater part of what you say.
But in what concerns the soul, men are apt to be incredulous; they fear
that when she has left the body M
her place may be nowhere, and that on
the very day of death she may perish and come to an end--immediately on
her release from the body, issuing forth dispersed like smoke or air
and in her flight vanishing away into nothingness. If she could only be
collected into herself after she has obtained release from the evils of
which you are speaking, there would be good reason to hope, Socrates,
that what you say is true. But surely it requires a great deal of
argument and many proofs to show that when the man is M
exists, and has any force or intelligence.
True, Cebes, said Socrates; and shall I suggest that we converse a
little of the probabilities of these things?
I am sure, said Cebes, that I should greatly like to know your opinion
I reckon, said Socrates, that no one who heard me now, not even if he
were one of my old enemies, the Comic poets, could accuse me of idle
talking about matters in which I have no concern:--If you please, then,
we will proceed with the inquiry.
uppose we consider the question whether the souls of men after death
are or are not in the world below. There comes into my mind an ancient
doctrine which affirms that they go from hence into the other world, and
returning hither, are born again from the dead. Now if it be true that
the living come from the dead, then our souls must exist in the other
world, for if not, how could they have been born again? And this would
be conclusive, if there were any real evidence that the living are only
ad; but if this is not so, then other arguments will
Very true, replied Cebes.
Then let us consider the whole question, not in relation to man only,
but in relation to animals generally, and to plants, and to everything
of which there is generation, and the proof will be easier. Are not all
things which have opposites generated out of their opposites? I mean
such things as good and evil, just and unjust--and there are innumerable
other opposites which are generated out of opposites. M
that in all opposites there is of necessity a similar alternation;
I mean to say, for example, that anything which becomes greater must
become greater after being less.
And that which becomes less must have been once greater and then have
And the weaker is generated from the stronger, and the swifter from the
And the worse is from the better, and the more just is from the more
And is this true of all opposM
ites? and are we convinced that all of them
are generated out of opposites?
And in this universal opposition of all things, are there not also two
intermediate processes which are ever going on, from one to the other
opposite, and back again; where there is a greater and a less there is
also an intermediate process of increase and diminution, and that which
grows is said to wax, and that which decays to wane?
And there are many other processes, such as division and composition,
cooling and heating, which equally involve a passage into and out of one
another. And this necessarily holds of all opposites, even though not
always expressed in words--they are really generated out of one another,
and there is a passing or process from one to the other of them?
Very true, he replied.
Well, and is there not an opposite of life, as sleep is the opposite of
And these, if they are opposites, are generated the one from thM
and have there their two intermediate processes also?
Now, said Socrates, I will analyze one of the two pairs of opposites
which I have mentioned to you, and also its intermediate processes, and
you shall analyze the other to me. One of them I term sleep, the other
waking. The state of sleep is opposed to the state of waking, and out
of sleeping waking is generated, and out of waking, sleeping; and the
process of generation is in the one case falling asleep, and in the
Then, suppose that you analyze life and death to me in the same manner.
Is not death opposed to life?
And they are generated one from the other?
What is generated from the living?
And what from the dead?
I can only say in answer--the living.
Then the living, whether things or persons, Cebes, are generated from
That is clear, he replied.
Then the inference is that our souls exist in the world below?
And one of the two processes or generations is visible--for surely the
act of dying is visible?
What then is to be the result? Shall we exclude the opposite process?
And shall we suppose nature to walk on one leg only? Must we not rather
assign to death some corresponding process of generation?
Certainly, he replied.
And what is that process?
And return to life, if there be such a thing, is the birth of the dead
into the world of the living?
Then here is a new way by which we arrive at the conclusion that the
living come from the dead, just as the dead come from the living; and
this, if true, affords a most certain proof that the souls of the dead
exist in some place out of which they come again.
Yes, Socrates, he said; the conclusion seems to flow necessarily out of
our previous admissions.
And that these admissions were not unfair, Cebes, he said, may be shown,
I think, as follows: If generation were in a straight line only, and
e were no compensation or circle in nature, no turn or return of
elements into their opposites, then you know that all things would at
last have the same form and pass into the same state, and there would be
no more generation of them.
What do you mean? he said.
A simple thing enough, which I will illustrate by the case of sleep,
he replied. You know that if there were no alternation of sleeping
and waking, the tale of the sleeping Endymion would in the end have no
meaning, because all other things woulM
d be asleep, too, and he would not
be distinguishable from the rest. Or if there were composition only,
and no division of substances, then the chaos of Anaxagoras would come
again. And in like manner, my dear Cebes, if all things which partook
of life were to die, and after they were dead remained in the form
of death, and did not come to life again, all would at last die, and
nothing would be alive--what other result could there be? For if the
living spring from any other things, and they too die, must notM
things at last be swallowed up in death? (But compare Republic.)
There is no escape, Socrates, said Cebes; and to me your argument seems
to be absolutely true.
Yes, he said, Cebes, it is and must be so, in my opinion; and we have
not been deluded in making these admissions; but I am confident that
there truly is such a thing as living again, and that the living spring
from the dead, and that the souls of the dead are in existence, and that
the good souls have a better portion than the evil.
s added: Your favorite doctrine, Socrates, that knowledge is simply
recollection, if true, also necessarily implies a previous time in
which we have learned that which we now recollect. But this would be
impossible unless our soul had been in some place before existing in the
form of man; here then is another proof of the soul's immortality.
But tell me, Cebes, said Simmias, interposing, what arguments are urged
in favour of this doctrine of recollection. I am not very sure at the
moment that I remember thM
One excellent proof, said Cebes, is afforded by questions. If you put
a question to a person in a right way, he will give a true answer of
himself, but how could he do this unless there were knowledge and right
reason already in him? And this is most clearly shown when he is taken
to a diagram or to anything of that sort. (Compare Meno.)
But if, said Socrates, you are still incredulous, Simmias, I would ask
you whether you may not agree with me when you look at the matter
in another way;--I mean, ifM
you are still incredulous as to whether
knowledge is recollection.
Incredulous, I am not, said Simmias; but I want to have this doctrine
of recollection brought to my own recollection, and, from what Cebes has
said, I am beginning to recollect and be convinced; but I should still
like to hear what you were going to say.
This is what I would say, he replied:--We should agree, if I am not
mistaken, that what a man recollects he must have known at some previous
And what is the naturM
e of this knowledge or recollection? I mean to
ask, Whether a person who, having seen or heard or in any way perceived
anything, knows not only that, but has a conception of something
else which is the subject, not of the same but of some other kind of
knowledge, may not be fairly said to recollect that of which he has the
I mean what I may illustrate by the following instance:--The knowledge
of a lyre is not the same as the knowledge of a man?
he feeling of lovers when they recognize a lyre, or
a garment, or anything else which the beloved has been in the habit of
using? Do not they, from knowing the lyre, form in the mind's eye an
image of the youth to whom the lyre belongs? And this is recollection.
In like manner any one who sees Simmias may remember Cebes; and there
are endless examples of the same thing.
Endless, indeed, replied Simmias.
And recollection is most commonly a process of recovering that which has
been already forgotten throuM
gh time and inattention.
Well; and may you not also from seeing the picture of a horse or a
lyre remember a man? and from the picture of Simmias, you may be led to
Or you may also be led to the recollection of Simmias himself?
And in all these cases, the recollection may be derived from things
either like or unlike?
And when the recollection is derived from like things, then another
consideration is sure to arise, which is--wM
hether the likeness in any
degree falls short or not of that which is recollected?
And shall we proceed a step further, and affirm that there is such a
thing as equality, not of one piece of wood or stone with another, but
that, over and above this, there is absolute equality? Shall we say so?
Say so, yes, replied Simmias, and swear to it, with all the confidence
And do we know the nature of this absolute essence?
To be sure, he said.
And whence did we obtain our kM
nowledge? Did we not see equalities of
material things, such as pieces of wood and stones, and gather from
them the idea of an equality which is different from them? For you will
acknowledge that there is a difference. Or look at the matter in another
way:--Do not the same pieces of wood or stone appear at one time equal,
and at another time unequal?
But are real equals ever unequal? or is the idea of equality the same as
Impossible, Socrates.
Then these (so-called)M
equals are not the same with the idea of
I should say, clearly not, Socrates.
And yet from these equals, although differing from the idea of equality,
you conceived and attained that idea?
Which might be like, or might be unlike them?
But that makes no difference; whenever from seeing one thing you
conceived another, whether like or unlike, there must surely have been
an act of recollection?
But what would you say of equal portions of wood aM
material equals? and what is the impression produced by them? Are they
equals in the same sense in which absolute equality is equal? or do they
fall short of this perfect equality in a measure?
Yes, he said, in a very great measure too.
And must we not allow, that when I or any one, looking at any object,
observes that the thing which he sees aims at being some other thing,
but falls short of, and cannot be, that other thing, but is inferior, he
who makes this observation must have haM
d a previous knowledge of that to
which the other, although similar, was inferior?
And has not this been our own case in the matter of equals and of
Then we must have known equality previously to the time when we first
saw the material equals, and reflected that all these apparent equals
strive to attain absolute equality, but fall short of it?
And we recognize also that this absolute equality has only been known,
and can only be known, throM
ugh the medium of sight or touch, or of some
other of the senses, which are all alike in this respect?
Yes, Socrates, as far as the argument is concerned, one of them is the
From the senses then is derived the knowledge that all sensible things
aim at an absolute equality of which they fall short?
Then before we began to see or hear or perceive in any way, we must have
had a knowledge of absolute equality, or we could not have referred to
that standard the equals which are dM
erived from the senses?--for to that
they all aspire, and of that they fall short.
No other inference can be drawn from the previous statements.
And did we not see and hear and have the use of our other senses as soon
Then we must have acquired the knowledge of equality at some previous
That is to say, before we were born, I suppose?
And if we acquired this knowledge before we were born, and were born
having the use of it, then we also knew beM
fore we were born and at the
instant of birth not only the equal or the greater or the less, but all
other ideas; for we are not speaking only of equality, but of beauty,
goodness, justice, holiness, and of all which we stamp with the name of
essence in the dialectical process, both when we ask and when we answer
questions. Of all this we may certainly affirm that we acquired the
knowledge before birth?
But if, after having acquired, we have not forgotten what in each case
we acquired, then we M
must always have come into life having knowledge,
and shall always continue to know as long as life lasts--for knowing
is the acquiring and retaining knowledge and not forgetting. Is not
forgetting, Simmias, just the losing of knowledge?
Quite true, Socrates.
But if the knowledge which we acquired before birth was lost by us at
birth, and if afterwards by the use of the senses we recovered what
we previously knew, will not the process which we call learning be a
recovering of the knowledge which is natuM
ral to us, and may not this be
rightly termed recollection?
So much is clear--that when we perceive something, either by the help of
sight, or hearing, or some other sense, from that perception we are
able to obtain a notion of some other thing like or unlike which is
associated with it but has been forgotten. Whence, as I was saying, one
of two alternatives follows:--either we had this knowledge at birth, and
continued to know through life; or, after birth, those who are said to
remember, and learning is simply recollection.
Yes, that is quite true, Socrates.
And which alternative, Simmias, do you prefer? Had we the knowledge at
our birth, or did we recollect the things which we knew previously to
I cannot decide at the moment.
At any rate you can decide whether he who has knowledge will or will not
be able to render an account of his knowledge? What do you say?
But do you think that every man is able to give an account of these very
ters about which we are speaking?
Would that they could, Socrates, but I rather fear that to-morrow, at
this time, there will no longer be any one alive who is able to give an
account of them such as ought to be given.
Then you are not of opinion, Simmias, that all men know these things?
They are in process of recollecting that which they learned before?
But when did our souls acquire this knowledge?--not since we were born
Then, Simmias, our souls must also have existed without bodies before
they were in the form of man, and must have had intelligence.
Unless indeed you suppose, Socrates, that these notions are given us at
the very moment of birth; for this is the only time which remains.
Yes, my friend, but if so, when do we lose them? for they are not in
us when we are born--that is admitted. Do we lose them at the moment of
receiving them, or if not at what other time?
No, Socrates, I perceive thM
at I was unconsciously talking nonsense.
Then may we not say, Simmias, that if, as we are always repeating, there
is an absolute beauty, and goodness, and an absolute essence of all
things; and if to this, which is now discovered to have existed in our
former state, we refer all our sensations, and with this compare them,
finding these ideas to be pre-existent and our inborn possession--then
our souls must have had a prior existence, but if not, there would be
no force in the argument? There is the same prM
oof that these ideas must
have existed before we were born, as that our souls existed before we
were born; and if not the ideas, then not the souls.
Yes, Socrates; I am convinced that there is precisely the same necessity
for the one as for the other; and the argument retreats successfully
to the position that the existence of the soul before birth cannot be
separated from the existence of the essence of which you speak. For
there is nothing which to my mind is so patent as that beauty, goodness,
other notions of which you were just now speaking, have a most
real and absolute existence; and I am satisfied with the proof.
Well, but is Cebes equally satisfied? for I must convince him too.
I think, said Simmias, that Cebes is satisfied: although he is the most
incredulous of mortals, yet I believe that he is sufficiently convinced
of the existence of the soul before birth. But that after death the soul
will continue to exist is not yet proven even to my own satisfaction.
I cannot get rid of the feelM
ing of the many to which Cebes was
referring--the feeling that when the man dies the soul will be
dispersed, and that this may be the extinction of her. For admitting
that she may have been born elsewhere, and framed out of other elements,
and was in existence before entering the human body, why after having
entered in and gone out again may she not herself be destroyed and come
Very true, Simmias, said Cebes; about half of what was required has been
proven; to wit, that our souls existed beforM
e we were born:--that the
soul will exist after death as well as before birth is the other half of
which the proof is still wanting, and has to be supplied; when that is
given the demonstration will be complete.
But that proof, Simmias and Cebes, has been already given, said
Socrates, if you put the two arguments together--I mean this and the
former one, in which we admitted that everything living is born of the
dead. For if the soul exists before birth, and in coming to life and
being born can be born onM
ly from death and dying, must she not after
death continue to exist, since she has to be born again?--Surely the
proof which you desire has been already furnished. Still I suspect
that you and Simmias would be glad to probe the argument further. Like
children, you are haunted with a fear that when the soul leaves the
body, the wind may really blow her away and scatter her; especially if a
man should happen to die in a great storm and not when the sky is calm.
Cebes answered with a smile: Then, Socrates, yoM
u must argue us out of
our fears--and yet, strictly speaking, they are not our fears, but there
is a child within us to whom death is a sort of hobgoblin; him too we
must persuade not to be afraid when he is alone in the dark.
Socrates said: Let the voice of the charmer be applied daily until you
have charmed away the fear.
And where shall we find a good charmer of our fears, Socrates, when you
Hellas, he replied, is a large place, Cebes, and has many good men, and
there are barbarous racesM
not a few: seek for him among them all, far
and wide, sparing neither pains nor money; for there is no better way
of spending your money. And you must seek among yourselves too; for you
will not find others better able to make the search.
The search, replied Cebes, shall certainly be made. And now, if
you please, let us return to the point of the argument at which we
By all means, replied Socrates; what else should I please?
Must we not, said Socrates, ask ourselves what thatM
imagine, is liable to be scattered, and about which we fear? and what
again is that about which we have no fear? And then we may proceed
further to enquire whether that which suffers dispersion is or is not
of the nature of soul--our hopes and fears as to our own souls will turn
upon the answers to these questions.
Now the compound or composite may be supposed to be naturally capable,
as of being compounded, so also of being dissolved; but that which is
, and that only, must be, if anything is, indissoluble.
Yes; I should imagine so, said Cebes.
And the uncompounded may be assumed to be the same and unchanging,
whereas the compound is always changing and never the same.
Then now let us return to the previous discussion. Is that idea or
essence, which in the dialectical process we define as essence or true
existence--whether essence of equality, beauty, or anything else--are
these essences, I say, liable at times to some degree of M
are they each of them always what they are, having the same simple
self-existent and unchanging forms, not admitting of variation at all,
or in any way, or at any time?
They must be always the same, Socrates, replied Cebes.
And what would you say of the many beautiful--whether men or horses or
garments or any other things which are named by the same names and may
be called equal or beautiful,--are they all unchanging and the same
always, or quite the reverse? May they not rather be described M
always changing and hardly ever the same, either with themselves or with
The latter, replied Cebes; they are always in a state of change.
And these you can touch and see and perceive with the senses, but
the unchanging things you can only perceive with the mind--they are
invisible and are not seen?
That is very true, he said.
Well, then, added Socrates, let us suppose that there are two sorts of
existences--one seen, the other unseen.
Let us suppose them.
e changing, and the unseen is the unchanging?
That may be also supposed.
And, further, is not one part of us body, another part soul?
And to which class is the body more alike and akin?
Clearly to the seen--no one can doubt that.
And is the soul seen or not seen?
Not by man, Socrates.
And what we mean by 'seen' and 'not seen' is that which is or is not
visible to the eye of man?
Yes, to the eye of man.
And is the soul seen or not seen?
Then the soul is more like to the unseen, and the body to the seen?
That follows necessarily, Socrates.
And were we not saying long ago that the soul when using the body as an
instrument of perception, that is to say, when using the sense of sight
or hearing or some other sense (for the meaning of perceiving through
the body is perceiving through the senses)--were we not saying that the
soul too is then dragged by the body into the region of the changeable,
and wanders and is confused; the world spinsM
round her, and she is like
a drunkard, when she touches change?
But when returning into herself she reflects, then she passes into the
other world, the region of purity, and eternity, and immortality, and
unchangeableness, which are her kindred, and with them she ever lives,
when she is by herself and is not let or hindered; then she ceases
from her erring ways, and being in communion with the unchanging is
unchanging. And this state of the soul is called wisdom?
That is well and truly saM
id, Socrates, he replied.
And to which class is the soul more nearly alike and akin, as far as may
be inferred from this argument, as well as from the preceding one?
I think, Socrates, that, in the opinion of every one who follows the
argument, the soul will be infinitely more like the unchangeable--even
the most stupid person will not deny that.
And the body is more like the changing?
Yet once more consider the matter in another light: When the soul and
the body are united, then nature ordeM
rs the soul to rule and govern, and
the body to obey and serve. Now which of these two functions is akin to
the divine? and which to the mortal? Does not the divine appear to you
to be that which naturally orders and rules, and the mortal to be that
which is subject and servant?
And which does the soul resemble?
The soul resembles the divine, and the body the mortal--there can be no
doubt of that, Socrates.
Then reflect, Cebes: of all which has been said is not this the
conclusion?--that theM
soul is in the very likeness of the divine,
and immortal, and intellectual, and uniform, and indissoluble, and
unchangeable; and that the body is in the very likeness of the human,
and mortal, and unintellectual, and multiform, and dissoluble, and
changeable. Can this, my dear Cebes, be denied?
But if it be true, then is not the body liable to speedy dissolution?
and is not the soul almost or altogether indissoluble?
And do you further observe, that after a man is dead, the bM
visible part of him, which is lying in the visible world, and is
called a corpse, and would naturally be dissolved and decomposed and
dissipated, is not dissolved or decomposed at once, but may remain for a
for some time, nay even for a long time, if the constitution be sound at
the time of death, and the season of the year favourable? For the body
when shrunk and embalmed, as the manner is in Egypt, may remain almost
entire through infinite ages; and even in decay, there are still
ch as the bones and ligaments, which are practically
indestructible:--Do you agree?
And is it likely that the soul, which is invisible, in passing to the
place of the true Hades, which like her is invisible, and pure, and
noble, and on her way to the good and wise God, whither, if God will, my
soul is also soon to go,--that the soul, I repeat, if this be her nature
and origin, will be blown away and destroyed immediately on quitting the
body, as the many say? That can never be, my dear Simmias and M
The truth rather is, that the soul which is pure at departing and draws
after her no bodily taint, having never voluntarily during life had
connection with the body, which she is ever avoiding, herself gathered
into herself;--and making such abstraction her perpetual study--which
means that she has been a true disciple of philosophy; and therefore
has in fact been always engaged in the practice of dying? For is not
philosophy the practice of death?--
That soul, I say, herself invisibM
le, departs to the invisible world--to
the divine and immortal and rational: thither arriving, she is secure of
bliss and is released from the error and folly of men, their fears and
wild passions and all other human ills, and for ever dwells, as they say
of the initiated, in company with the gods (compare Apol.). Is not this
Yes, said Cebes, beyond a doubt.
But the soul which has been polluted, and is impure at the time of her
departure, and is the companion and servant of the body always,M
in love with and fascinated by the body and by the desires and pleasures
of the body, until she is led to believe that the truth only exists in
a bodily form, which a man may touch and see and taste, and use for the
purposes of his lusts,--the soul, I mean, accustomed to hate and fear
and avoid the intellectual principle, which to the bodily eye is dark
and invisible, and can be attained only by philosophy;--do you suppose
that such a soul will depart pure and unalloyed?
Impossible, he replied.
She is held fast by the corporeal, which the continual association and
constant care of the body have wrought into her nature.
And this corporeal element, my friend, is heavy and weighty and earthy,
and is that element of sight by which a soul is depressed and dragged
down again into the visible world, because she is afraid of the
invisible and of the world below--prowling about tombs and sepulchres,
near which, as they tell us, are seen certain ghostly apparitions
of souls which have not deM
parted pure, but are cloyed with sight and
(Compare Milton, Comus:--
'But when lust,
By unchaste looks, loose gestures, and foul talk,
But most by lewd and lavish act of sin,
Lets in defilement to the inward parts,
The soul grows clotted by contagion,
Imbodies, and imbrutes, till she quite lose,
The divine property of her first being.
Such are those thick and gloomy shadows damp
Oft seen in charnel vaults and sepulchres,
and sitting by a new made grave,
As loath to leave the body that it lov'd,
And linked itself by carnal sensuality
To a degenerate and degraded state.')
That is very likely, Socrates.
Yes, that is very likely, Cebes; and these must be the souls, not of the
good, but of the evil, which are compelled to wander about such places
in payment of the penalty of their former evil way of life; and they
continue to wander until through the craving after the corporeal which
never leaves them, they M
are imprisoned finally in another body. And they
may be supposed to find their prisons in the same natures which they
have had in their former lives.
What natures do you mean, Socrates?
What I mean is that men who have followed after gluttony, and
wantonness, and drunkenness, and have had no thought of avoiding them,
would pass into asses and animals of that sort. What do you think?
I think such an opinion to be exceedingly probable.
And those who have chosen the portion of injustice, and tyranny, aM
violence, will pass into wolves, or into hawks and kites;--whither else
can we suppose them to go?
Yes, said Cebes; with such natures, beyond question.
And there is no difficulty, he said, in assigning to all of them places
answering to their several natures and propensities?
There is not, he said.
Some are happier than others; and the happiest both in themselves and
in the place to which they go are those who have practised the civil and
social virtues which are called temperance and justice, aM
by habit and attention without philosophy and mind. (Compare Republic.)
Why are they the happiest?
Because they may be expected to pass into some gentle and social kind
which is like their own, such as bees or wasps or ants, or back again
into the form of man, and just and moderate men may be supposed to
No one who has not studied philosophy and who is not entirely pure at
the time of his departure is allowed to enter the company of the Gods,
lover of knowledge only. And this is the reason, Simmias and
Cebes, why the true votaries of philosophy abstain from all fleshly
lusts, and hold out against them and refuse to give themselves up to
them,--not because they fear poverty or the ruin of their families, like
the lovers of money, and the world in general; nor like the lovers of
power and honour, because they dread the dishonour or disgrace of evil
No, Socrates, that would not become them, said Cebes.
No indeed, he replied; and thereforM
e they who have any care of their
own souls, and do not merely live moulding and fashioning the body, say
farewell to all this; they will not walk in the ways of the blind: and
when philosophy offers them purification and release from evil, they
feel that they ought not to resist her influence, and whither she leads
they turn and follow.
What do you mean, Socrates?
I will tell you, he said. The lovers of knowledge are conscious that
the soul was simply fastened and glued to the body--until philosophy
eceived her, she could only view real existence through the bars of
a prison, not in and through herself; she was wallowing in the mire of
every sort of ignorance; and by reason of lust had become the principal
accomplice in her own captivity. This was her original state; and
then, as I was saying, and as the lovers of knowledge are well aware,
philosophy, seeing how terrible was her confinement, of which she was
to herself the cause, received and gently comforted her and sought to
release her, pointing out M
that the eye and the ear and the other senses
are full of deception, and persuading her to retire from them, and
abstain from all but the necessary use of them, and be gathered up and
collected into herself, bidding her trust in herself and her own pure
apprehension of pure existence, and to mistrust whatever comes to her
through other channels and is subject to variation; for such things
are visible and tangible, but what she sees in her own nature is
intelligible and invisible. And the soul of the true phiM
that she ought not to resist this deliverance, and therefore abstains
from pleasures and desires and pains and fears, as far as she is
able; reflecting that when a man has great joys or sorrows or fears or
desires, he suffers from them, not merely the sort of evil which might
be anticipated--as for example, the loss of his health or property which
he has sacrificed to his lusts--but an evil greater far, which is the
greatest and worst of all evils, and one of which he never thinks.
it, Socrates? said Cebes.
The evil is that when the feeling of pleasure or pain is most intense,
every soul of man imagines the objects of this intense feeling to be
then plainest and truest: but this is not so, they are really the things
And is not this the state in which the soul is most enthralled by the
Why, because each pleasure and pain is a sort of nail which nails
and rivets the soul to the body, until she becomes like the body, and
e true which the body affirms to be true; and from
agreeing with the body and having the same delights she is obliged to
have the same habits and haunts, and is not likely ever to be pure at
her departure to the world below, but is always infected by the body;
and so she sinks into another body and there germinates and grows,
and has therefore no part in the communion of the divine and pure and
Most true, Socrates, answered Cebes.
And this, Cebes, is the reason why the true lovers of knowledge aM
temperate and brave; and not for the reason which the world gives.
Certainly not! The soul of a philosopher will reason in quite another
way; she will not ask philosophy to release her in order that when
released she may deliver herself up again to the thraldom of pleasures
and pains, doing a work only to be undone again, weaving instead of
unweaving her Penelope's web. But she will calm passion, and follow
reason, and dwell in the contemplation of her, beholding the true
which is not matter of opinion), and thence deriving
nourishment. Thus she seeks to live while she lives, and after death she
hopes to go to her own kindred and to that which is like her, and to be
freed from human ills. Never fear, Simmias and Cebes, that a soul which
has been thus nurtured and has had these pursuits, will at her departure
from the body be scattered and blown away by the winds and be nowhere
When Socrates had done speaking, for a considerable time there was
lf appeared to be meditating, as most of us were, on
what had been said; only Cebes and Simmias spoke a few words to one
another. And Socrates observing them asked what they thought of the
argument, and whether there was anything wanting? For, said he, there
are many points still open to suspicion and attack, if any one were
disposed to sift the matter thoroughly. Should you be considering
some other matter I say no more, but if you are still in doubt do not
hesitate to say exactly what you think, and let usM
have anything better
which you can suggest; and if you think that I can be of any use, allow
Simmias said: I must confess, Socrates, that doubts did arise in our
minds, and each of us was urging and inciting the other to put the
question which we wanted to have answered and which neither of us liked
to ask, fearing that our importunity might be troublesome under present
Socrates replied with a smile: O Simmias, what are you saying? I am
not very likely to persuade otherM
men that I do not regard my present
situation as a misfortune, if I cannot even persuade you that I am no
worse off now than at any other time in my life. Will you not allow that
I have as much of the spirit of prophecy in me as the swans? For they,
when they perceive that they must die, having sung all their life long,
do then sing more lustily than ever, rejoicing in the thought that
they are about to go away to the god whose ministers they are. But men,
because they are themselves afraid of death, slandeM
rously affirm of the
swans that they sing a lament at the last, not considering that no bird
sings when cold, or hungry, or in pain, not even the nightingale, nor
the swallow, nor yet the hoopoe; which are said indeed to tune a lay of
sorrow, although I do not believe this to be true of them any more than
of the swans. But because they are sacred to Apollo, they have the gift
of prophecy, and anticipate the good things of another world, wherefore
they sing and rejoice in that day more than they ever did befoM
too, believing myself to be the consecrated servant of the same God, and
the fellow-servant of the swans, and thinking that I have received from
my master gifts of prophecy which are not inferior to theirs, would not
go out of life less merrily than the swans. Never mind then, if this be
your only objection, but speak and ask anything which you like, while
the eleven magistrates of Athens allow.
Very good, Socrates, said Simmias; then I will tell you my difficulty,
and Cebes will tell you his. IM
feel myself, (and I daresay that you have
the same feeling), how hard or rather impossible is the attainment of
any certainty about questions such as these in the present life. And yet
I should deem him a coward who did not prove what is said about them to
the uttermost, or whose heart failed him before he had examined them
on every side. For he should persevere until he has achieved one of two
things: either he should discover, or be taught the truth about them;
or, if this be impossible, I would have him M
take the best and most
irrefragable of human theories, and let this be the raft upon which he
sails through life--not without risk, as I admit, if he cannot find some
word of God which will more surely and safely carry him. And now, as
you bid me, I will venture to question you, and then I shall not have to
reproach myself hereafter with not having said at the time what I think.
For when I consider the matter, either alone or with Cebes, the argument
does certainly appear to me, Socrates, to be not sufficienM
Socrates answered: I dare say, my friend, that you may be right, but I
should like to know in what respect the argument is insufficient.
In this respect, replied Simmias:--Suppose a person to use the same
argument about harmony and the lyre--might he not say that harmony is
a thing invisible, incorporeal, perfect, divine, existing in the lyre
which is harmonized, but that the lyre and the strings are matter and
material, composite, earthy, and akin to mortality? And when some one
breaks the lyre, or M
cuts and rends the strings, then he who takes this
view would argue as you do, and on the same analogy, that the harmony
survives and has not perished--you cannot imagine, he would say, that
the lyre without the strings, and the broken strings themselves which
are mortal remain, and yet that the harmony, which is of heavenly and
immortal nature and kindred, has perished--perished before the mortal.
The harmony must still be somewhere, and the wood and strings will decay
before anything can happen to that. ThM
e thought, Socrates, must have
occurred to your own mind that such is our conception of the soul;
and that when the body is in a manner strung and held together by the
elements of hot and cold, wet and dry, then the soul is the harmony or
due proportionate admixture of them. But if so, whenever the strings of
the body are unduly loosened or overstrained through disease or other
injury, then the soul, though most divine, like other harmonies of music
or of works of art, of course perishes at once, although thM
remains of the body may last for a considerable time, until they are
either decayed or burnt. And if any one maintains that the soul, being
the harmony of the elements of the body, is first to perish in that
which is called death, how shall we answer him?
Socrates looked fixedly at us as his manner was, and said with a smile:
Simmias has reason on his side; and why does not some one of you who
is better able than myself answer him? for there is force in his attack
upon me. But perhaps, before wM
e answer him, we had better also hear what
Cebes has to say that we may gain time for reflection, and when they
have both spoken, we may either assent to them, if there is truth in
what they say, or if not, we will maintain our position. Please to tell
me then, Cebes, he said, what was the difficulty which troubled you?
Cebes said: I will tell you. My feeling is that the argument is where it
was, and open to the same objections which were urged before; for I am
ready to admit that the existence of the soulM
before entering into
the bodily form has been very ingeniously, and, if I may say so, quite
sufficiently proven; but the existence of the soul after death is still,
in my judgment, unproven. Now my objection is not the same as that of
Simmias; for I am not disposed to deny that the soul is stronger and
more lasting than the body, being of opinion that in all such respects
the soul very far excels the body. Well, then, says the argument to me,
why do you remain unconvinced?--When you see that the weaker contM
in existence after the man is dead, will you not admit that the more
lasting must also survive during the same period of time? Now I will
ask you to consider whether the objection, which, like Simmias, I will
express in a figure, is of any weight. The analogy which I will adduce
is that of an old weaver, who dies, and after his death somebody
says:--He is not dead, he must be alive;--see, there is the coat which
he himself wove and wore, and which remains whole and undecayed. And
then he proceeds to aM
sk of some one who is incredulous, whether a man
lasts longer, or the coat which is in use and wear; and when he is
answered that a man lasts far longer, thinks that he has thus certainly
demonstrated the survival of the man, who is the more lasting, because
the less lasting remains. But that, Simmias, as I would beg you to
remark, is a mistake; any one can see that he who talks thus is talking
nonsense. For the truth is, that the weaver aforesaid, having woven and
worn many such coats, outlived several of tM
hem, and was outlived by the
last; but a man is not therefore proved to be slighter and weaker than
a coat. Now the relation of the body to the soul may be expressed in a
similar figure; and any one may very fairly say in like manner that the
soul is lasting, and the body weak and shortlived in comparison. He may
argue in like manner that every soul wears out many bodies, especially
if a man live many years. While he is alive the body deliquesces and
decays, and the soul always weaves another garment and repM
waste. But of course, whenever the soul perishes, she must have on her
last garment, and this will survive her; and then at length, when
the soul is dead, the body will show its native weakness, and quickly
decompose and pass away. I would therefore rather not rely on the
argument from superior strength to prove the continued existence of the
soul after death. For granting even more than you affirm to be possible,
and acknowledging not only that the soul existed before birth, but also
s of some exist, and will continue to exist after death,
and will be born and die again and again, and that there is a
natural strength in the soul which will hold out and be born many
times--nevertheless, we may be still inclined to think that she will
weary in the labours of successive births, and may at last succumb in
one of her deaths and utterly perish; and this death and dissolution of
the body which brings destruction to the soul may be unknown to any of
us, for no one of us can have had any experienM
ce of it: and if so,
then I maintain that he who is confident about death has but a foolish
confidence, unless he is able to prove that the soul is altogether
immortal and imperishable. But if he cannot prove the soul's
immortality, he who is about to die will always have reason to fear that
when the body is disunited, the soul also may utterly perish.
All of us, as we afterwards remarked to one another, had an unpleasant
feeling at hearing what they said. When we had been so firmly convinced
to have our faith shaken seemed to introduce a confusion and
uncertainty, not only into the previous argument, but into any future
one; either we were incapable of forming a judgment, or there were no
ECHECRATES: There I feel with you--by heaven I do, Phaedo, and when you
were speaking, I was beginning to ask myself the same question: What
argument can I ever trust again? For what could be more convincing than
the argument of Socrates, which has now fallen into discredit? That
is a harmony is a doctrine which has always had a wonderful
attraction for me, and, when mentioned, came back to me at once, as my
own original conviction. And now I must begin again and find another
argument which will assure me that when the man is dead the soul
survives. Tell me, I implore you, how did Socrates proceed? Did he
appear to share the unpleasant feeling which you mention? or did he
calmly meet the attack? And did he answer forcibly or feebly? Narrate
what passed as exactly as you can.
O: Often, Echecrates, I have wondered at Socrates, but never more
than on that occasion. That he should be able to answer was nothing,
but what astonished me was, first, the gentle and pleasant and approving
manner in which he received the words of the young men, and then his
quick sense of the wound which had been inflicted by the argument, and
the readiness with which he healed it. He might be compared to a general
rallying his defeated and broken army, urging them to accompany him and
return to the field M
ECHECRATES: What followed?
PHAEDO: You shall hear, for I was close to him on his right hand, seated
on a sort of stool, and he on a couch which was a good deal higher.
He stroked my head, and pressed the hair upon my neck--he had a way of
playing with my hair; and then he said: To-morrow, Phaedo, I suppose
that these fair locks of yours will be severed.
Yes, Socrates, I suppose that they will, I replied.
Not so, if you will take my advice.
What shall I do with them? I said.
, he replied, and not to-morrow, if this argument dies and we
cannot bring it to life again, you and I will both shave our locks; and
if I were you, and the argument got away from me, and I could not hold
my ground against Simmias and Cebes, I would myself take an oath, like
the Argives, not to wear hair any more until I had renewed the conflict
Yes, I said, but Heracles himself is said not to be a match for two.
Summon me then, he said, and I will be your Iolaus until the sun goes
I summon you rather, I rejoined, not as Heracles summoning Iolaus, but
as Iolaus might summon Heracles.
That will do as well, he said. But first let us take care that we avoid
Of what nature? I said.
Lest we become misologists, he replied, no worse thing can happen to a
man than this. For as there are misanthropists or haters of men, there
are also misologists or haters of ideas, and both spring from the same
cause, which is ignorance of the world. Misanthropy arises out of the
reat confidence of inexperience;--you trust a man and think him
altogether true and sound and faithful, and then in a little while he
turns out to be false and knavish; and then another and another, and
when this has happened several times to a man, especially when it
happens among those whom he deems to be his own most trusted and
familiar friends, and he has often quarreled with them, he at last hates
all men, and believes that no one has any good in him at all. You must
have observed this trait of charactM
And is not the feeling discreditable? Is it not obvious that such an
one having to deal with other men, was clearly without any experience of
human nature; for experience would have taught him the true state of
the case, that few are the good and few the evil, and that the great
majority are in the interval between them.
What do you mean? I said.
I mean, he replied, as you might say of the very large and very small,
that nothing is more uncommon than a very large or very small man; and
this applies generally to all extremes, whether of great and small, or
swift and slow, or fair and foul, or black and white: and whether
the instances you select be men or dogs or anything else, few are the
extremes, but many are in the mean between them. Did you never observe
Yes, I said, I have.
And do you not imagine, he said, that if there were a competition in
evil, the worst would be found to be very few?
Yes, that is very likely, I said.
Yes, that is very likely, he replied; although M
in this respect arguments
are unlike men--there I was led on by you to say more than I had
intended; but the point of comparison was, that when a simple man who
has no skill in dialectics believes an argument to be true which he
afterwards imagines to be false, whether really false or not, and
then another and another, he has no longer any faith left, and great
disputers, as you know, come to think at last that they have grown to be
the wisest of mankind; for they alone perceive the utter unsoundness and
stability of all arguments, or indeed, of all things, which, like the
currents in the Euripus, are going up and down in never-ceasing ebb and
That is quite true, I said.
Yes, Phaedo, he replied, and how melancholy, if there be such a thing as
truth or certainty or possibility of knowledge--that a man should have
lighted upon some argument or other which at first seemed true and then
turned out to be false, and instead of blaming himself and his own want
of wit, because he is annoyed, should at lasM
t be too glad to transfer
the blame from himself to arguments in general: and for ever afterwards
should hate and revile them, and lose truth and the knowledge of
Yes, indeed, I said; that is very melancholy.
Let us then, in the first place, he said, be careful of allowing or of
admitting into our souls the notion that there is no health or soundness
in any arguments at all. Rather say that we have not yet attained to
soundness in ourselves, and that we must struggle manfully and do our
to gain health of mind--you and all other men having regard to the
whole of your future life, and I myself in the prospect of death. For at
this moment I am sensible that I have not the temper of a philosopher;
like the vulgar, I am only a partisan. Now the partisan, when he is
engaged in a dispute, cares nothing about the rights of the question,
but is anxious only to convince his hearers of his own assertions.
And the difference between him and me at the present moment is merely
this--that whereas he seekM
s to convince his hearers that what he says is
true, I am rather seeking to convince myself; to convince my hearers
is a secondary matter with me. And do but see how much I gain by the
argument. For if what I say is true, then I do well to be persuaded of
the truth, but if there be nothing after death, still, during the short
time that remains, I shall not distress my friends with lamentations,
and my ignorance will not last, but will die with me, and therefore
no harm will be done. This is the state of mindM
, Simmias and Cebes, in
which I approach the argument. And I would ask you to be thinking of
the truth and not of Socrates: agree with me, if I seem to you to be
speaking the truth; or if not, withstand me might and main, that I may
not deceive you as well as myself in my enthusiasm, and like the bee,
leave my sting in you before I die.
And now let us proceed, he said. And first of all let me be sure that
I have in my mind what you were saying. Simmias, if I remember rightly,
has fears and misgivings whetM
her the soul, although a fairer and diviner
thing than the body, being as she is in the form of harmony, may not
perish first. On the other hand, Cebes appeared to grant that the soul
was more lasting than the body, but he said that no one could know
whether the soul, after having worn out many bodies, might not perish
herself and leave her last body behind her; and that this is death,
which is the destruction not of the body but of the soul, for in the
body the work of destruction is ever going on. Are not M
and Cebes, the points which we have to consider?
They both agreed to this statement of them.
He proceeded: And did you deny the force of the whole preceding
argument, or of a part only?
Of a part only, they replied.
And what did you think, he said, of that part of the argument in which
we said that knowledge was recollection, and hence inferred that the
soul must have previously existed somewhere else before she was enclosed
Cebes said that he had been wonderfully impM
ressed by that part of the
argument, and that his conviction remained absolutely unshaken. Simmias
agreed, and added that he himself could hardly imagine the possibility
of his ever thinking differently.
But, rejoined Socrates, you will have to think differently, my Theban
friend, if you still maintain that harmony is a compound, and that the
soul is a harmony which is made out of strings set in the frame of the
body; for you will surely never allow yourself to say that a harmony is
prior to the elements M
But do you not see that this is what you imply when you say that the
soul existed before she took the form and body of man, and was made up
of elements which as yet had no existence? For harmony is not like
the soul, as you suppose; but first the lyre, and the strings, and the
sounds exist in a state of discord, and then harmony is made last of
all, and perishes first. And how can such a notion of the soul as this
agree with the other?
Not at all, replied Simmias.
And yet, he said, there surely ought to be harmony in a discourse of
which harmony is the theme.
There ought, replied Simmias.
But there is no harmony, he said, in the two propositions that knowledge
is recollection, and that the soul is a harmony. Which of them will you
I think, he replied, that I have a much stronger faith, Socrates, in the
first of the two, which has been fully demonstrated to me, than in
the latter, which has not been demonstrated at all, but rests only on
plausible grounds; and is therefore believed by the many. I
know too well that these arguments from probabilities are impostors, and
unless great caution is observed in the use of them, they are apt to
be deceptive--in geometry, and in other things too. But the doctrine of
knowledge and recollection has been proven to me on trustworthy grounds;
and the proof was that the soul must have existed before she came into
the body, because to her belongs the essence of which the very name
implies existence. Having, M
as I am convinced, rightly accepted this
conclusion, and on sufficient grounds, I must, as I suppose, cease to
argue or allow others to argue that the soul is a harmony.
Let me put the matter, Simmias, he said, in another point of view: Do
you imagine that a harmony or any other composition can be in a state
other than that of the elements, out of which it is compounded?
Or do or suffer anything other than they do or suffer?
Then a harmony does not, properly speaking, leM
ad the parts or elements
which make up the harmony, but only follows them.
For harmony cannot possibly have any motion, or sound, or other quality
which is opposed to its parts.
That would be impossible, he replied.
And does not the nature of every harmony depend upon the manner in which
the elements are harmonized?
I do not understand you, he said.
I mean to say that a harmony admits of degrees, and is more of a
harmony, and more completely a harmony, when more truly and fully
armonized, to any extent which is possible; and less of a harmony, and
less completely a harmony, when less truly and fully harmonized.
But does the soul admit of degrees? or is one soul in the very least
degree more or less, or more or less completely, a soul than another?
Yet surely of two souls, one is said to have intelligence and virtue,
and to be good, and the other to have folly and vice, and to be an evil
soul: and this is said truly?
hose who maintain the soul to be a harmony say of this
presence of virtue and vice in the soul?--will they say that here is
another harmony, and another discord, and that the virtuous soul is
harmonized, and herself being a harmony has another harmony within her,
and that the vicious soul is inharmonical and has no harmony within her?
I cannot tell, replied Simmias; but I suppose that something of the sort
would be asserted by those who say that the soul is a harmony.
And we have already admitted that noM
soul is more a soul than another;
which is equivalent to admitting that harmony is not more or less
harmony, or more or less completely a harmony?
And that which is not more or less a harmony is not more or less
And that which is not more or less harmonized cannot have more or less
of harmony, but only an equal harmony?
Yes, an equal harmony.
Then one soul not being more or less absolutely a soul than another, is
not more or less harmonized?
herefore has neither more nor less of discord, nor yet of harmony?
And having neither more nor less of harmony or of discord, one soul
has no more vice or virtue than another, if vice be discord and virtue
Or speaking more correctly, Simmias, the soul, if she is a harmony, will
never have any vice; because a harmony, being absolutely a harmony, has
no part in the inharmonical.
And therefore a soul which is absolutely a soul has no vice?
have, if the previous argument holds?
Then, if all souls are equally by their nature souls, all souls of all
living creatures will be equally good?
I agree with you, Socrates, he said.
And can all this be true, think you? he said; for these are the
consequences which seem to follow from the assumption that the soul is a
Once more, he said, what ruler is there of the elements of human nature
other than the soul, and especially the wise soul? Do you know of any?
And is the soul in agreement with the affections of the body? or is she
at variance with them? For example, when the body is hot and thirsty,
does not the soul incline us against drinking? and when the body
is hungry, against eating? And this is only one instance out of ten
thousand of the opposition of the soul to the things of the body.
But we have already acknowledged that the soul, being a harmony, can
never utter a note at variance with the tensions and relaxations and
ibrations and other affections of the strings out of which she is
composed; she can only follow, she cannot lead them?
It must be so, he replied.
And yet do we not now discover the soul to be doing the exact
opposite--leading the elements of which she is believed to be composed;
almost always opposing and coercing them in all sorts of ways throughout
life, sometimes more violently with the pains of medicine and gymnastic;
then again more gently; now threatening, now admonishing the desires,
ars, as if talking to a thing which is not herself, as Homer
in the Odyssee represents Odysseus doing in the words--
'He beat his breast, and thus reproached his heart: Endure, my heart;
far worse hast thou endured!'
Do you think that Homer wrote this under the idea that the soul is a
harmony capable of being led by the affections of the body, and not
rather of a nature which should lead and master them--herself a far
diviner thing than any harmony?
Yes, Socrates, I quite think so.
we can never be right in saying that the soul is a
harmony, for we should contradict the divine Homer, and contradict
Thus much, said Socrates, of Harmonia, your Theban goddess, who has
graciously yielded to us; but what shall I say, Cebes, to her husband
Cadmus, and how shall I make peace with him?
I think that you will discover a way of propitiating him, said Cebes; I
am sure that you have put the argument with Harmonia in a manner that
I could never have expected. For whM
en Simmias was mentioning his
difficulty, I quite imagined that no answer could be given to him, and
therefore I was surprised at finding that his argument could not sustain
the first onset of yours, and not impossibly the other, whom you call
Cadmus, may share a similar fate.
Nay, my good friend, said Socrates, let us not boast, lest some evil eye
should put to flight the word which I am about to speak. That, however,
may be left in the hands of those above, while I draw near in Homeric
the mettle of your words. Here lies the point:--You
want to have it proven to you that the soul is imperishable and
immortal, and the philosopher who is confident in death appears to you
to have but a vain and foolish confidence, if he believes that he will
fare better in the world below than one who has led another sort of
life, unless he can prove this; and you say that the demonstration of
the strength and divinity of the soul, and of her existence prior to our
becoming men, does not necessarily imply herM
immortality. Admitting the
soul to be longlived, and to have known and done much in a former state,
still she is not on that account immortal; and her entrance into
the human form may be a sort of disease which is the beginning of
dissolution, and may at last, after the toils of life are over, end in
that which is called death. And whether the soul enters into the body
once only or many times, does not, as you say, make any difference in
the fears of individuals. For any man, who is not devoid of sense,
st fear, if he has no knowledge and can give no account of the soul's
immortality. This, or something like this, I suspect to be your notion,
Cebes; and I designedly recur to it in order that nothing may escape us,
and that you may, if you wish, add or subtract anything.
But, said Cebes, as far as I see at present, I have nothing to add or
subtract: I mean what you say that I mean.
Socrates paused awhile, and seemed to be absorbed in reflection. At
length he said: You are raising a tremendous question, CM
the whole nature of generation and corruption, about which, if you like,
I will give you my own experience; and if anything which I say is likely
to avail towards the solution of your difficulty you may make use of it.
I should very much like, said Cebes, to hear what you have to say.
Then I will tell you, said Socrates. When I was young, Cebes, I had a
prodigious desire to know that department of philosophy which is called
the investigation of nature; to know the causes of things, and whM
a thing is and is created or destroyed appeared to me to be a lofty
profession; and I was always agitating myself with the consideration of
questions such as these:--Is the growth of animals the result of some
decay which the hot and cold principle contracts, as some have said? Is
the blood the element with which we think, or the air, or the fire? or
perhaps nothing of the kind--but the brain may be the originating
power of the perceptions of hearing and sight and smell, and memory
and opinion may come frM
om them, and science may be based on memory and
opinion when they have attained fixity. And then I went on to examine
the corruption of them, and then to the things of heaven and earth, and
at last I concluded myself to be utterly and absolutely incapable
of these enquiries, as I will satisfactorily prove to you. For I was
fascinated by them to such a degree that my eyes grew blind to things
which I had seemed to myself, and also to others, to know quite well; I
forgot what I had before thought self-evident M
truths; e.g. such a fact
as that the growth of man is the result of eating and drinking; for when
by the digestion of food flesh is added to flesh and bone to bone, and
whenever there is an aggregation of congenial elements, the lesser
bulk becomes larger and the small man great. Was not that a reasonable
Yes, said Cebes, I think so.
Well; but let me tell you something more. There was a time when I
thought that I understood the meaning of greater and less pretty well;
and when I saw a great manM
standing by a little one, I fancied that one
was taller than the other by a head; or one horse would appear to
be greater than another horse: and still more clearly did I seem to
perceive that ten is two more than eight, and that two cubits are more
than one, because two is the double of one.
And what is now your notion of such matters? said Cebes.
I should be far enough from imagining, he replied, that I knew the cause
of any of them, by heaven I should; for I cannot satisfy myself that,
dded to one, the one to which the addition is made becomes
two, or that the two units added together make two by reason of the
addition. I cannot understand how, when separated from the other, each
of them was one and not two, and now, when they are brought together,
the mere juxtaposition or meeting of them should be the cause of their
becoming two: neither can I understand how the division of one is the
way to make two; for then a different cause would produce the same
effect,--as in the former instance thM
e addition and juxtaposition of one
to one was the cause of two, in this the separation and subtraction of
one from the other would be the cause. Nor am I any longer satisfied
that I understand the reason why one or anything else is either
generated or destroyed or is at all, but I have in my mind some confused
notion of a new method, and can never admit the other.
Then I heard some one reading, as he said, from a book of Anaxagoras,
that mind was the disposer and cause of all, and I was delighted at this
notion, which appeared quite admirable, and I said to myself: If mind
is the disposer, mind will dispose all for the best, and put each
particular in the best place; and I argued that if any one desired to
find out the cause of the generation or destruction or existence of
anything, he must find out what state of being or doing or suffering was
best for that thing, and therefore a man had only to consider the best
for himself and others, and then he would also know the worse, since the
same science compreheM
nded both. And I rejoiced to think that I had found
in Anaxagoras a teacher of the causes of existence such as I desired,
and I imagined that he would tell me first whether the earth is flat or
round; and whichever was true, he would proceed to explain the cause and
the necessity of this being so, and then he would teach me the nature of
the best and show that this was best; and if he said that the earth was
in the centre, he would further explain that this position was the best,
and I should be satisfied wiM
th the explanation given, and not want any
other sort of cause. And I thought that I would then go on and ask him
about the sun and moon and stars, and that he would explain to me their
comparative swiftness, and their returnings and various states, active
and passive, and how all of them were for the best. For I could not
imagine that when he spoke of mind as the disposer of them, he would
give any other account of their being as they are, except that this was
best; and I thought that when he had explained M
to me in detail the cause
of each and the cause of all, he would go on to explain to me what was
best for each and what was good for all. These hopes I would not have
sold for a large sum of money, and I seized the books and read them as
fast as I could in my eagerness to know the better and the worse.
What expectations I had formed, and how grievously was I disappointed!
As I proceeded, I found my philosopher altogether forsaking mind or any
other principle of order, but having recourse to air, and ether,M
water, and other eccentricities. I might compare him to a person who
began by maintaining generally that mind is the cause of the actions
of Socrates, but who, when he endeavoured to explain the causes of my
several actions in detail, went on to show that I sit here because my
body is made up of bones and muscles; and the bones, as he would say,
are hard and have joints which divide them, and the muscles are elastic,
and they cover the bones, which have also a covering or environment of
which contains them; and as the bones are lifted at their
joints by the contraction or relaxation of the muscles, I am able
to bend my limbs, and this is why I am sitting here in a curved
posture--that is what he would say, and he would have a similar
explanation of my talking to you, which he would attribute to sound, and
air, and hearing, and he would assign ten thousand other causes of the
same sort, forgetting to mention the true cause, which is, that the
Athenians have thought fit to condemn me, and accM
ordingly I have thought
it better and more right to remain here and undergo my sentence; for
I am inclined to think that these muscles and bones of mine would have
gone off long ago to Megara or Boeotia--by the dog they would, if they
had been moved only by their own idea of what was best, and if I had not
chosen the better and nobler part, instead of playing truant and running
away, of enduring any punishment which the state inflicts. There is
surely a strange confusion of causes and conditions in all this.M
be said, indeed, that without bones and muscles and the other parts
of the body I cannot execute my purposes. But to say that I do as I do
because of them, and that this is the way in which mind acts, and
not from the choice of the best, is a very careless and idle mode of
speaking. I wonder that they cannot distinguish the cause from the
condition, which the many, feeling about in the dark, are always
mistaking and misnaming. And thus one man makes a vortex all round and
steadies the earth by the hM
eaven; another gives the air as a support to
the earth, which is a sort of broad trough. Any power which in arranging
them as they are arranges them for the best never enters into their
minds; and instead of finding any superior strength in it, they rather
expect to discover another Atlas of the world who is stronger and more
everlasting and more containing than the good;--of the obligatory and
containing power of the good they think nothing; and yet this is the
principle which I would fain learn if any one M
would teach me. But as I
have failed either to discover myself, or to learn of any one else,
the nature of the best, I will exhibit to you, if you like, what I have
found to be the second best mode of enquiring into the cause.
I should very much like to hear, he replied.
Socrates proceeded:--I thought that as I had failed in the contemplation
of true existence, I ought to be careful that I did not lose the eye of
my soul; as people may injure their bodily eye by observing and gazing
on the sun during anM
eclipse, unless they take the precaution of only
looking at the image reflected in the water, or in some similar medium.
So in my own case, I was afraid that my soul might be blinded altogether
if I looked at things with my eyes or tried to apprehend them by the
help of the senses. And I thought that I had better have recourse to the
world of mind and seek there the truth of existence. I dare say that
the simile is not perfect--for I am very far from admitting that he who
contemplates existences through theM
medium of thought, sees them only
'through a glass darkly,' any more than he who considers them in action
and operation. However, this was the method which I adopted: I first
assumed some principle which I judged to be the strongest, and then I
affirmed as true whatever seemed to agree with this, whether relating
to the cause or to anything else; and that which disagreed I regarded
as untrue. But I should like to explain my meaning more clearly, as I do
not think that you as yet understand me.
replied Cebes, not very well.
There is nothing new, he said, in what I am about to tell you; but
only what I have been always and everywhere repeating in the previous
discussion and on other occasions: I want to show you the nature of that
cause which has occupied my thoughts. I shall have to go back to those
familiar words which are in the mouth of every one, and first of all
assume that there is an absolute beauty and goodness and greatness, and
the like; grant me this, and I hope to be able to show youM
the cause, and to prove the immortality of the soul.
Cebes said: You may proceed at once with the proof, for I grant you
Well, he said, then I should like to know whether you agree with me
in the next step; for I cannot help thinking, if there be anything
beautiful other than absolute beauty should there be such, that it can
be beautiful only in as far as it partakes of absolute beauty--and I
should say the same of everything. Do you agree in this notion of the
He proceeded: I know nothing and can understand nothing of any other of
those wise causes which are alleged; and if a person says to me that
the bloom of colour, or form, or any such thing is a source of beauty,
I leave all that, which is only confusing to me, and simply and singly,
and perhaps foolishly, hold and am assured in my own mind that nothing
makes a thing beautiful but the presence and participation of beauty in
whatever way or manner obtained; for as to the manner I am uncertain,
but I stoutly contend that by beauty all beautiful things become
beautiful. This appears to me to be the safest answer which I can give,
either to myself or to another, and to this I cling, in the persuasion
that this principle will never be overthrown, and that to myself or
to any one who asks the question, I may safely reply, That by beauty
beautiful things become beautiful. Do you not agree with me?
And that by greatness only great things become great and greater
greater, and by smallness the lM
Then if a person were to remark that A is taller by a head than B, and
B less by a head than A, you would refuse to admit his statement, and
would stoutly contend that what you mean is only that the greater is
greater by, and by reason of, greatness, and the less is less only by,
and by reason of, smallness; and thus you would avoid the danger of
saying that the greater is greater and the less less by the measure of
the head, which is the same in both, and would also avoid the monM
absurdity of supposing that the greater man is greater by reason of the
head, which is small. You would be afraid to draw such an inference,
Indeed, I should, said Cebes, laughing.
In like manner you would be afraid to say that ten exceeded eight by,
and by reason of, two; but would say by, and by reason of, number; or
you would say that two cubits exceed one cubit not by a half, but by
magnitude?-for there is the same liability to error in all these cases.
Again, would you not be cautious of affirming that the addition of
one to one, or the division of one, is the cause of two? And you would
loudly asseverate that you know of no way in which anything comes
into existence except by participation in its own proper essence,
and consequently, as far as you know, the only cause of two is
the participation in duality--this is the way to make two, and the
participation in one is the way to make one. You would say: I will let
alone puzzles of division and addition--M
wiser heads than mine may answer
them; inexperienced as I am, and ready to start, as the proverb says,
at my own shadow, I cannot afford to give up the sure ground of a
principle. And if any one assails you there, you would not mind him,
or answer him, until you had seen whether the consequences which follow
agree with one another or not, and when you are further required to give
an explanation of this principle, you would go on to assume a higher
principle, and a higher, until you found a resting-place in tM
the higher; but you would not confuse the principle and the consequences
in your reasoning, like the Eristics--at least if you wanted to discover
real existence. Not that this confusion signifies to them, who never
care or think about the matter at all, for they have the wit to be well
pleased with themselves however great may be the turmoil of their ideas.
But you, if you are a philosopher, will certainly do as I say.
What you say is most true, said Simmias and Cebes, both speaking at
ECHECRATES: Yes, Phaedo; and I do not wonder at their assenting. Any
one who has the least sense will acknowledge the wonderful clearness of
Socrates' reasoning.
PHAEDO: Certainly, Echecrates; and such was the feeling of the whole
company at the time.
ECHECRATES: Yes, and equally of ourselves, who were not of the company,
and are now listening to your recital. But what followed?
PHAEDO: After all this had been admitted, and they had that ideas exist,
and that other things participate in them and deriM
them, Socrates, if I remember rightly, said:--
This is your way of speaking; and yet when you say that Simmias is
greater than Socrates and less than Phaedo, do you not predicate of
Simmias both greatness and smallness?
But still you allow that Simmias does not really exceed Socrates, as
the words may seem to imply, because he is Simmias, but by reason of the
size which he has; just as Simmias does not exceed Socrates because he
is Simmias, any more than because SocrateM
s is Socrates, but because he
has smallness when compared with the greatness of Simmias?
And if Phaedo exceeds him in size, this is not because Phaedo is
Phaedo, but because Phaedo has greatness relatively to Simmias, who is
comparatively smaller?
And therefore Simmias is said to be great, and is also said to be small,
because he is in a mean between them, exceeding the smallness of the one
by his greatness, and allowing the greatness of the other to exceed his
ded, laughing, I am speaking like a book, but I believe
that what I am saying is true.
I speak as I do because I want you to agree with me in thinking, not
only that absolute greatness will never be great and also small, but
that greatness in us or in the concrete will never admit the small or
admit of being exceeded: instead of this, one of two things will happen,
either the greater will fly or retire before the opposite, which is the
less, or at the approach of the less has already cM
will not, if allowing or admitting of smallness, be changed by that;
even as I, having received and admitted smallness when compared with
Simmias, remain just as I was, and am the same small person. And as the
idea of greatness cannot condescend ever to be or become small, in like
manner the smallness in us cannot be or become great; nor can any other
opposite which remains the same ever be or become its own opposite, but
either passes away or perishes in the change.
s, is quite my notion.
Hereupon one of the company, though I do not exactly remember which of
them, said: In heaven's name, is not this the direct contrary of what
was admitted before--that out of the greater came the less and out of
the less the greater, and that opposites were simply generated from
opposites; but now this principle seems to be utterly denied.
Socrates inclined his head to the speaker and listened. I like your
courage, he said, in reminding us of this. But you do not observe that
is a difference in the two cases. For then we were speaking of
opposites in the concrete, and now of the essential opposite which, as
is affirmed, neither in us nor in nature can ever be at variance with
itself: then, my friend, we were speaking of things in which opposites
are inherent and which are called after them, but now about the
opposites which are inherent in them and which give their name to them;
and these essential opposites will never, as we maintain, admit of
generation into or out of one anotM
her. At the same time, turning to
Cebes, he said: Are you at all disconcerted, Cebes, at our friend's
No, I do not feel so, said Cebes; and yet I cannot deny that I am often
disturbed by objections.
Then we are agreed after all, said Socrates, that the opposite will
never in any case be opposed to itself?
To that we are quite agreed, he replied.
Yet once more let me ask you to consider the question from another point
of view, and see whether you agree with me:--There is a thing which youM
term heat, and another thing which you term cold?
But are they the same as fire and snow?
Heat is a thing different from fire, and cold is not the same with snow?
And yet you will surely admit, that when snow, as was before said, is
under the influence of heat, they will not remain snow and heat; but at
the advance of the heat, the snow will either retire or perish?
Very true, he replied.
And the fire too at the advance of the cold will either retire oM
perish; and when the fire is under the influence of the cold, they will
not remain as before, fire and cold.
That is true, he said.
And in some cases the name of the idea is not only attached to the idea
in an eternal connection, but anything else which, not being the idea,
exists only in the form of the idea, may also lay claim to it. I will
try to make this clearer by an example:--The odd number is always called
But is this the only thing which is called odd? AreM
things which have their own name, and yet are called odd, because,
although not the same as oddness, they are never without oddness?--that
is what I mean to ask--whether numbers such as the number three are not
of the class of odd. And there are many other examples: would you not
say, for example, that three may be called by its proper name, and also
be called odd, which is not the same with three? and this may be said
not only of three but also of five, and of every alternate number--each
of them without being oddness is odd, and in the same way two and
four, and the other series of alternate numbers, has every number even,
without being evenness. Do you agree?
Then now mark the point at which I am aiming:--not only do essential
opposites exclude one another, but also concrete things, which, although
not in themselves opposed, contain opposites; these, I say, likewise
reject the idea which is opposed to that which is contained in them,
and when it approaches them they either pM
erish or withdraw. For example;
Will not the number three endure annihilation or anything sooner than be
converted into an even number, while remaining three?
Very true, said Cebes.
And yet, he said, the number two is certainly not opposed to the number
Then not only do opposite ideas repel the advance of one another, but
also there are other natures which repel the approach of opposites.
Suppose, he said, that we endeavour, if possible, to determine what
Are they not, Cebes, such as compel the things of which they have
possession, not only to take their own form, but also the form of some
I mean, as I was just now saying, and as I am sure that you know, that
those things which are possessed by the number three must not only be
three in number, but must also be odd.
And on this oddness, of which the number three has the impress, the
opposite idea will never intrude?
d this impress was given by the odd principle?
And to the odd is opposed the even?
Then the idea of the even number will never arrive at three?
Then three has no part in the even?
Then the triad or number three is uneven?
To return then to my distinction of natures which are not opposed, and
yet do not admit opposites--as, in the instance given, three, although
not opposed to the even, does not any the more admit of the even, but
always brings the oppM
osite into play on the other side; or as two does
not receive the odd, or fire the cold--from these examples (and there
are many more of them) perhaps you may be able to arrive at the general
conclusion, that not only opposites will not receive opposites, but also
that nothing which brings the opposite will admit the opposite of
that which it brings, in that to which it is brought. And here let me
recapitulate--for there is no harm in repetition. The number five will
not admit the nature of the even, any morM
e than ten, which is the
double of five, will admit the nature of the odd. The double has another
opposite, and is not strictly opposed to the odd, but nevertheless
rejects the odd altogether. Nor again will parts in the ratio 3:2, nor
any fraction in which there is a half, nor again in which there is a
third, admit the notion of the whole, although they are not opposed to
the whole: You will agree?
Yes, he said, I entirely agree and go along with you in that.
And now, he said, let us begin again; and dM
o not you answer my question
in the words in which I ask it: let me have not the old safe answer of
which I spoke at first, but another equally safe, of which the truth
will be inferred by you from what has been just said. I mean that if any
one asks you 'what that is, of which the inherence makes the body
hot,' you will reply not heat (this is what I call the safe and
stupid answer), but fire, a far superior answer, which we are now in a
condition to give. Or if any one asks you 'why a body is diseased,' yoM
will not say from disease, but from fever; and instead of saying that
oddness is the cause of odd numbers, you will say that the monad is the
cause of them: and so of things in general, as I dare say that you will
understand sufficiently without my adducing any further examples.
Yes, he said, I quite understand you.
Tell me, then, what is that of which the inherence will render the body
The soul, he replied.
And is this always the case?
Yes, he said, of course.
Then whatever the soulM
possesses, to that she comes bearing life?
And is there any opposite to life?
Then the soul, as has been acknowledged, will never receive the opposite
Impossible, replied Cebes.
And now, he said, what did we just now call that principle which repels
And that principle which repels the musical, or the just?
The unmusical, he said, and the unjust.
And what do we call the principle M
which does not admit of death?
The immortal, he said.
And does the soul admit of death?
Then the soul is immortal?
And may we say that this has been proven?
Yes, abundantly proven, Socrates, he replied.
Supposing that the odd were imperishable, must not three be
And if that which is cold were imperishable, when the warm principle
came attacking the snow, must not the snow have retired whole and
unmelted--for it could never have perished, noM
r could it have remained
and admitted the heat?
Again, if the uncooling or warm principle were imperishable, the fire
when assailed by cold would not have perished or have been extinguished,
but would have gone away unaffected?
And the same may be said of the immortal: if the immortal is also
imperishable, the soul when attacked by death cannot perish; for the
preceding argument shows that the soul will not admit of death, or ever
be dead, any more than three or M
the odd number will admit of the even,
or fire or the heat in the fire, of the cold. Yet a person may say: 'But
although the odd will not become even at the approach of the even, why
may not the odd perish and the even take the place of the odd?' Now to
him who makes this objection, we cannot answer that the odd principle is
imperishable; for this has not been acknowledged, but if this had been
acknowledged, there would have been no difficulty in contending that
at the approach of the even the odd principle M
and the number three took
their departure; and the same argument would have held good of fire and
heat and any other thing.
And the same may be said of the immortal: if the immortal is also
imperishable, then the soul will be imperishable as well as immortal;
but if not, some other proof of her imperishableness will have to be
No other proof is needed, he said; for if the immortal, being eternal,
is liable to perish, then nothing is imperishable.
Yes, replied Socrates, and yet alM
l men will agree that God, and the
essential form of life, and the immortal in general, will never perish.
Yes, all men, he said--that is true; and what is more, gods, if I am not
mistaken, as well as men.
Seeing then that the immortal is indestructible, must not the soul, if
she is immortal, be also imperishable?
Then when death attacks a man, the mortal portion of him may be supposed
to die, but the immortal retires at the approach of death and is
preserved safe and sound?
Then, Cebes, beyond question, the soul is immortal and imperishable, and
our souls will truly exist in another world!
I am convinced, Socrates, said Cebes, and have nothing more to object;
but if my friend Simmias, or any one else, has any further objection to
make, he had better speak out, and not keep silence, since I do not know
to what other season he can defer the discussion, if there is anything
which he wants to say or to have said.
But I have nothing more to say, replied Simmias; nor can I sM
reason for doubt after what has been said. But I still feel and cannot
help feeling uncertain in my own mind, when I think of the greatness of
the subject and the feebleness of man.
Yes, Simmias, replied Socrates, that is well said: and I may add that
first principles, even if they appear certain, should be carefully
considered; and when they are satisfactorily ascertained, then, with a
sort of hesitating confidence in human reason, you may, I think, follow
the course of the argument; and if that bM
e plain and clear, there will
be no need for any further enquiry.
But then, O my friends, he said, if the soul is really immortal, what
care should be taken of her, not only in respect of the portion of time
which is called life, but of eternity! And the danger of neglecting her
from this point of view does indeed appear to be awful. If death had
only been the end of all, the wicked would have had a good bargain in
dying, for they would have been happily quit not only of their body, but
heir own evil together with their souls. But now, inasmuch as the
soul is manifestly immortal, there is no release or salvation from evil
except the attainment of the highest virtue and wisdom. For the soul
when on her progress to the world below takes nothing with her but
nurture and education; and these are said greatly to benefit or greatly
to injure the departed, at the very beginning of his journey thither.
For after death, as they say, the genius of each individual, to whom
he belonged in life, leadsM
him to a certain place in which the dead are
gathered together, whence after judgment has been given they pass into
the world below, following the guide, who is appointed to conduct them
from this world to the other: and when they have there received their
due and remained their time, another guide brings them back again after
many revolutions of ages. Now this way to the other world is not, as
Aeschylus says in the Telephus, a single and straight path--if that were
so no guide would be needed, for no one cM
ould miss it; but there are
many partings of the road, and windings, as I infer from the rites and
sacrifices which are offered to the gods below in places where three
ways meet on earth. The wise and orderly soul follows in the straight
path and is conscious of her surroundings; but the soul which desires
the body, and which, as I was relating before, has long been fluttering
about the lifeless frame and the world of sight, is after many struggles
and many sufferings hardly and with violence carried away byM
attendant genius, and when she arrives at the place where the other
souls are gathered, if she be impure and have done impure deeds, whether
foul murders or other crimes which are the brothers of these, and the
works of brothers in crime--from that soul every one flees and turns
away; no one will be her companion, no one her guide, but alone she
wanders in extremity of evil until certain times are fulfilled, and
when they are fulfilled, she is borne irresistibly to her own fitting
habitation; as every M
pure and just soul which has passed through life in
the company and under the guidance of the gods has also her own proper
Now the earth has divers wonderful regions, and is indeed in nature
and extent very unlike the notions of geographers, as I believe on the
authority of one who shall be nameless.
What do you mean, Socrates? said Simmias. I have myself heard many
descriptions of the earth, but I do not know, and I should very much
like to know, in which of these you put faith.
, replied Socrates, if I had the art of Glaucus would tell
you; although I know not that the art of Glaucus could prove the truth
of my tale, which I myself should never be able to prove, and even if
I could, I fear, Simmias, that my life would come to an end before the
argument was completed. I may describe to you, however, the form and
regions of the earth according to my conception of them.
That, said Simmias, will be enough.
Well, then, he said, my conviction is, that the earth is a round body
e centre of the heavens, and therefore has no need of air or any
similar force to be a support, but is kept there and hindered from
falling or inclining any way by the equability of the surrounding heaven
and by her own equipoise. For that which, being in equipoise, is in the
centre of that which is equably diffused, will not incline any way in
any degree, but will always remain in the same state and not deviate.
And this is my first notion.
Which is surely a correct one, said Simmias.
at the earth is very vast, and that we who dwell in
the region extending from the river Phasis to the Pillars of Heracles
inhabit a small portion only about the sea, like ants or frogs about a
marsh, and that there are other inhabitants of many other like places;
for everywhere on the face of the earth there are hollows of various
forms and sizes, into which the water and the mist and the lower
air collect. But the true earth is pure and situated in the pure
heaven--there are the stars also; and it is the heM
aven which is commonly
spoken of by us as the ether, and of which our own earth is the sediment
gathering in the hollows beneath. But we who live in these hollows are
deceived into the notion that we are dwelling above on the surface of
the earth; which is just as if a creature who was at the bottom of the
sea were to fancy that he was on the surface of the water, and that the
sea was the heaven through which he saw the sun and the other stars,
he having never come to the surface by reason of his feebleness M
sluggishness, and having never lifted up his head and seen, nor ever
heard from one who had seen, how much purer and fairer the world above
is than his own. And such is exactly our case: for we are dwelling in a
hollow of the earth, and fancy that we are on the surface; and the air
we call the heaven, in which we imagine that the stars move. But the
fact is, that owing to our feebleness and sluggishness we are prevented
from reaching the surface of the air: for if any man could arrive at the
mit, or take the wings of a bird and come to the top, then
like a fish who puts his head out of the water and sees this world, he
would see a world beyond; and, if the nature of man could sustain the
sight, he would acknowledge that this other world was the place of the
true heaven and the true light and the true earth. For our earth, and
the stones, and the entire region which surrounds us, are spoilt and
corroded, as in the sea all things are corroded by the brine, neither
is there any noble or perfect groM
wth, but caverns only, and sand, and an
endless slough of mud: and even the shore is not to be compared to the
fairer sights of this world. And still less is this our world to be
compared with the other. Of that upper earth which is under the heaven,
I can tell you a charming tale, Simmias, which is well worth hearing.
And we, Socrates, replied Simmias, shall be charmed to listen to you.
The tale, my friend, he said, is as follows:--In the first place, the
earth, when looked at from above, is in appearanM
ce streaked like one of
those balls which have leather coverings in twelve pieces, and is decked
with various colours, of which the colours used by painters on earth are
in a manner samples. But there the whole earth is made up of them,
and they are brighter far and clearer than ours; there is a purple of
wonderful lustre, also the radiance of gold, and the white which is in
the earth is whiter than any chalk or snow. Of these and other colours
the earth is made up, and they are more in number and fairer thaM
eye of man has ever seen; the very hollows (of which I was speaking)
filled with air and water have a colour of their own, and are seen like
light gleaming amid the diversity of the other colours, so that the
whole presents a single and continuous appearance of variety in unity.
And in this fair region everything that grows--trees, and flowers, and
fruits--are in a like degree fairer than any here; and there are hills,
having stones in them in a like degree smoother, and more transparent,
n colour than our highly-valued emeralds and sardonyxes and
jaspers, and other gems, which are but minute fragments of them: for
there all the stones are like our precious stones, and fairer still
(compare Republic). The reason is, that they are pure, and not, like
our precious stones, infected or corroded by the corrupt briny elements
which coagulate among us, and which breed foulness and disease both in
earth and stones, as well as in animals and plants. They are the jewels
of the upper earth, which also sM
hines with gold and silver and the like,
and they are set in the light of day and are large and abundant and in
all places, making the earth a sight to gladden the beholder's eye.
And there are animals and men, some in a middle region, others dwelling
about the air as we dwell about the sea; others in islands which the air
flows round, near the continent: and in a word, the air is used by them
as the water and the sea are by us, and the ether is to them what the
air is to us. Moreover, the temperament of theM
ir seasons is such that
they have no disease, and live much longer than we do, and have
sight and hearing and smell, and all the other senses, in far greater
perfection, in the same proportion that air is purer than water or the
ether than air. Also they have temples and sacred places in which the
gods really dwell, and they hear their voices and receive their answers,
and are conscious of them and hold converse with them, and they see the
sun, moon, and stars as they truly are, and their other blessedness iM
of a piece with this.
Such is the nature of the whole earth, and of the things which are
around the earth; and there are divers regions in the hollows on the
face of the globe everywhere, some of them deeper and more extended than
that which we inhabit, others deeper but with a narrower opening
than ours, and some are shallower and also wider. All have numerous
perforations, and there are passages broad and narrow in the interior of
the earth, connecting them with one another; and there flows out of andM
into them, as into basins, a vast tide of water, and huge subterranean
streams of perennial rivers, and springs hot and cold, and a great fire,
and great rivers of fire, and streams of liquid mud, thin or thick (like
the rivers of mud in Sicily, and the lava streams which follow them),
and the regions about which they happen to flow are filled up with them.
And there is a swinging or see-saw in the interior of the earth which
moves all this up and down, and is due to the following cause:--There is
which is the vastest of them all, and pierces right through the
whole earth; this is that chasm which Homer describes in the words,--
'Far off, where is the inmost depth beneath the earth;'
and which he in other places, and many other poets, have called
Tartarus. And the see-saw is caused by the streams flowing into and out
of this chasm, and they each have the nature of the soil through which
they flow. And the reason why the streams are always flowing in and out,
is that the watery element has no M
bed or bottom, but is swinging and
surging up and down, and the surrounding wind and air do the same; they
follow the water up and down, hither and thither, over the earth--just
as in the act of respiration the air is always in process of inhalation
and exhalation;--and the wind swinging with the water in and out
produces fearful and irresistible blasts: when the waters retire with
a rush into the lower parts of the earth, as they are called, they flow
through the earth in those regions, and fill them up likM
by a pump, and then when they leave those regions and rush back hither,
they again fill the hollows here, and when these are filled, flow
through subterranean channels and find their way to their several
places, forming seas, and lakes, and rivers, and springs. Thence they
again enter the earth, some of them making a long circuit into many
lands, others going to a few places and not so distant; and again fall
into Tartarus, some at a point a good deal lower than that at which they
thers not much lower, but all in some degree lower than the
point from which they came. And some burst forth again on the opposite
side, and some on the same side, and some wind round the earth with one
or many folds like the coils of a serpent, and descend as far as they
can, but always return and fall into the chasm. The rivers flowing in
either direction can descend only to the centre and no further, for
opposite to the rivers is a precipice.
Now these rivers are many, and mighty, and diverse, and thereM
principal ones, of which the greatest and outermost is that called
Oceanus, which flows round the earth in a circle; and in the opposite
direction flows Acheron, which passes under the earth through desert
places into the Acherusian lake: this is the lake to the shores of
which the souls of the many go when they are dead, and after waiting an
appointed time, which is to some a longer and to some a shorter time,
they are sent back to be born again as animals. The third river passes
two, and near the place of outlet pours into a vast
region of fire, and forms a lake larger than the Mediterranean Sea,
boiling with water and mud; and proceeding muddy and turbid, and winding
about the earth, comes, among other places, to the extremities of the
Acherusian Lake, but mingles not with the waters of the lake, and after
making many coils about the earth plunges into Tartarus at a deeper
level. This is that Pyriphlegethon, as the stream is called, which
throws up jets of fire in different parts oM
f the earth. The fourth river
goes out on the opposite side, and falls first of all into a wild and
savage region, which is all of a dark-blue colour, like lapis lazuli;
and this is that river which is called the Stygian river, and falls into
and forms the Lake Styx, and after falling into the lake and receiving
strange powers in the waters, passes under the earth, winding round
in the opposite direction, and comes near the Acherusian lake from the
opposite side to Pyriphlegethon. And the water of this riverM
with no other, but flows round in a circle and falls into Tartarus over
against Pyriphlegethon; and the name of the river, as the poets say, is
Such is the nature of the other world; and when the dead arrive at the
place to which the genius of each severally guides them, first of all,
they have sentence passed upon them, as they have lived well and piously
or not. And those who appear to have lived neither well nor ill, go to
the river Acheron, and embarking in any vessels which theyM
carried in them to the lake, and there they dwell and are purified of
their evil deeds, and having suffered the penalty of the wrongs which
they have done to others, they are absolved, and receive the rewards of
their good deeds, each of them according to his deserts. But those who
appear to be incurable by reason of the greatness of their crimes--who
have committed many and terrible deeds of sacrilege, murders foul and
violent, or the like--such are hurled into Tartarus which is their
le destiny, and they never come out. Those again who have
committed crimes, which, although great, are not irremediable--who in
a moment of anger, for example, have done violence to a father or a
mother, and have repented for the remainder of their lives, or, who
have taken the life of another under the like extenuating
circumstances--these are plunged into Tartarus, the pains of which they
are compelled to undergo for a year, but at the end of the year the
wave casts them forth--mere homicides by way of CocM
ytus, parricides and
matricides by Pyriphlegethon--and they are borne to the Acherusian lake,
and there they lift up their voices and call upon the victims whom they
have slain or wronged, to have pity on them, and to be kind to them,
and let them come out into the lake. And if they prevail, then they come
forth and cease from their troubles; but if not, they are carried back
again into Tartarus and from thence into the rivers unceasingly, until
they obtain mercy from those whom they have wronged: for that iM
sentence inflicted upon them by their judges. Those too who have been
pre-eminent for holiness of life are released from this earthly prison,
and go to their pure home which is above, and dwell in the purer earth;
and of these, such as have duly purified themselves with philosophy live
henceforth altogether without the body, in mansions fairer still which
may not be described, and of which the time would fail me to tell.
Wherefore, Simmias, seeing all these things, what ought not we to do
y obtain virtue and wisdom in this life? Fair is the prize,
A man of sense ought not to say, nor will I be very confident, that the
description which I have given of the soul and her mansions is exactly
true. But I do say that, inasmuch as the soul is shown to be immortal,
he may venture to think, not improperly or unworthily, that something of
the kind is true. The venture is a glorious one, and he ought to comfort
himself with words like these, which is the reason why I lengthen out
the tale. Wherefore, I say, let a man be of good cheer about his soul,
who having cast away the pleasures and ornaments of the body as alien to
him and working harm rather than good, has sought after the pleasures of
knowledge; and has arrayed the soul, not in some foreign attire, but
in her own proper jewels, temperance, and justice, and courage, and
nobility, and truth--in these adorned she is ready to go on her journey
to the world below, when her hour comes. You, Simmias and Cebes, and all
l depart at some time or other. Me already, as the tragic
poet would say, the voice of fate calls. Soon I must drink the poison;
and I think that I had better repair to the bath first, in order that
the women may not have the trouble of washing my body after I am dead.
When he had done speaking, Crito said: And have you any commands for us,
Socrates--anything to say about your children, or any other matter in
which we can serve you?
Nothing particular, Crito, he replied: only, as I have always told
take care of yourselves; that is a service which you may be ever
rendering to me and mine and to all of us, whether you promise to do so
or not. But if you have no thought for yourselves, and care not to walk
according to the rule which I have prescribed for you, not now for the
first time, however much you may profess or promise at the moment, it
will be of no avail.
We will do our best, said Crito: And in what way shall we bury you?
In any way that you like; but you must get hold of me, and take care
that I do not run away from you. Then he turned to us, and added with a
smile:--I cannot make Crito believe that I am the same Socrates who have
been talking and conducting the argument; he fancies that I am the other
Socrates whom he will soon see, a dead body--and he asks, How shall he
bury me? And though I have spoken many words in the endeavour to show
that when I have drunk the poison I shall leave you and go to the joys
of the blessed,--these words of mine, with which I was comforting you
have had, as I perceive, no effect upon Crito. And therefore
I want you to be surety for me to him now, as at the trial he was surety
to the judges for me: but let the promise be of another sort; for he
was surety for me to the judges that I would remain, and you must be my
surety to him that I shall not remain, but go away and depart; and then
he will suffer less at my death, and not be grieved when he sees my body
being burned or buried. I would not have him sorrow at my hard lot, or
say at the burial, ThuM
s we lay out Socrates, or, Thus we follow him to
the grave or bury him; for false words are not only evil in themselves,
but they infect the soul with evil. Be of good cheer, then, my dear
Crito, and say that you are burying my body only, and do with that
whatever is usual, and what you think best.
When he had spoken these words, he arose and went into a chamber to
bathe; Crito followed him and told us to wait. So we remained behind,
talking and thinking of the subject of discourse, and also of the
ess of our sorrow; he was like a father of whom we were being
bereaved, and we were about to pass the rest of our lives as orphans.
When he had taken the bath his children were brought to him--(he had two
young sons and an elder one); and the women of his family also came,
and he talked to them and gave them a few directions in the presence of
Crito; then he dismissed them and returned to us.
Now the hour of sunset was near, for a good deal of time had passed
while he was within. When he came out, he sat dM
own with us again after
his bath, but not much was said. Soon the jailer, who was the servant of
the Eleven, entered and stood by him, saying:--To you, Socrates, whom
I know to be the noblest and gentlest and best of all who ever came to
this place, I will not impute the angry feelings of other men, who rage
and swear at me, when, in obedience to the authorities, I bid them drink
the poison--indeed, I am sure that you will not be angry with me; for
others, as you are aware, and not I, are to blame. And so faM
and try to bear lightly what must needs be--you know my errand. Then
bursting into tears he turned away and went out.
Socrates looked at him and said: I return your good wishes, and will do
as you bid. Then turning to us, he said, How charming the man is: since
I have been in prison he has always been coming to see me, and at times
he would talk to me, and was as good to me as could be, and now see how
generously he sorrows on my account. We must do as he says, Crito; and
therefore let the cuM
p be brought, if the poison is prepared: if not, let
the attendant prepare some.
Yet, said Crito, the sun is still upon the hill-tops, and I know that
many a one has taken the draught late, and after the announcement has
been made to him, he has eaten and drunk, and enjoyed the society of his
beloved; do not hurry--there is time enough.
Socrates said: Yes, Crito, and they of whom you speak are right in so
acting, for they think that they will be gainers by the delay; but I am
right in not following theiM
r example, for I do not think that I should
gain anything by drinking the poison a little later; I should only be
ridiculous in my own eyes for sparing and saving a life which is already
forfeit. Please then to do as I say, and not to refuse me.
Crito made a sign to the servant, who was standing by; and he went out,
and having been absent for some time, returned with the jailer
carrying the cup of poison. Socrates said: You, my good friend, who
are experienced in these matters, shall give me directions howM
proceed. The man answered: You have only to walk about until your legs
are heavy, and then to lie down, and the poison will act. At the same
time he handed the cup to Socrates, who in the easiest and gentlest
manner, without the least fear or change of colour or feature, looking
at the man with all his eyes, Echecrates, as his manner was, took the
cup and said: What do you say about making a libation out of this cup
to any god? May I, or not? The man answered: We only prepare, Socrates,
h as we deem enough. I understand, he said: but I may
and must ask the gods to prosper my journey from this to the other
world--even so--and so be it according to my prayer. Then raising the
cup to his lips, quite readily and cheerfully he drank off the poison.
And hitherto most of us had been able to control our sorrow; but now
when we saw him drinking, and saw too that he had finished the draught,
we could no longer forbear, and in spite of myself my own tears were
flowing fast; so that I covered my face aM
nd wept, not for him, but at
the thought of my own calamity in having to part from such a friend. Nor
was I the first; for Crito, when he found himself unable to restrain his
tears, had got up, and I followed; and at that moment, Apollodorus, who
had been weeping all the time, broke out in a loud and passionate cry
which made cowards of us all. Socrates alone retained his calmness: What
is this strange outcry? he said. I sent away the women mainly in order
that they might not misbehave in this way, for I havM
a man should die in peace. Be quiet, then, and have patience. When we
heard his words we were ashamed, and refrained our tears; and he walked
about until, as he said, his legs began to fail, and then he lay on his
back, according to the directions, and the man who gave him the poison
now and then looked at his feet and legs; and after a while he pressed
his foot hard, and asked him if he could feel; and he said, No; and then
his leg, and so upwards and upwards, and showed us that he was coldM
stiff. And he felt them himself, and said: When the poison reaches the
heart, that will be the end. He was beginning to grow cold about the
groin, when he uncovered his face, for he had covered himself up,
and said--they were his last words--he said: Crito, I owe a cock to
Asclepius; will you remember to pay the debt? The debt shall be
paid, said Crito; is there anything else? There was no answer to
this question; but in a minute or two a movement was heard, and the
attendants uncovered him; his eyes wM
ere set, and Crito closed his eyes
Such was the end, Echecrates, of our friend; concerning whom I may
truly say, that of all the men of his time whom I have known, he was the
wisest and justest and best.
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Letaru is an interdisciplinary self-taught artist intrigued by humans in general but more specifically by the questions of post-colonial identity formation. Born to a Jamaican mother and Ugandan father in Britain, she interrogates her experience to comment on what it is to be a colonial product, a descendant of the enslaved,
ala, Letaru works in collage, marbling, painting, sculpture, and installation. A social scientist by training, she studied an interdisciplinary Bachelor of Social Sciences majoring in Humanitarian Law (2014) and a Master of International Development with African studies (2019) at Sciences Po Paris. There she examined global issues, through socio-political, economic, and anthropological lenses, which constitute the basis of her research focused approach to artmaking. Currently she is exploring generative scripted mM
ethods to translate her art forms into NFTs.
Adobe Photoshop 21.2 (Macintosh)
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UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUM
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU(
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The Master "Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance
"Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?
"Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though
men may take no note of him?"
The philosopher Yu said, "They are few who, being filial and fraternal,
are fond of offending against their superiors. There have been none,
who, not liking to offend against their superiors, havM
of stirring up confusion.
"The superior man bends his attention to what is radical. That being
established, all practical courses naturally grow up. Filial piety
and fraternal submission,-are they not the root of all benevolent
The Master said, "Fine words and an insinuating appearance are seldom
associated with true virtue."
The philosopher Tsang said, "I daily examine myself on three points:-whether,
in transacting business for others, I may have been not faithful;-whether,M
in intercourse with friends, I may have been not sincere;-whether
I may have not mastered and practiced the instructions of my teacher."
The Master said, "To rule a country of a thousand chariots, there
must be reverent attention to business, and sincerity; economy in
expenditure, and love for men; and the employment of the people at
the proper seasons."
The Master said, "A youth, when at home, should be filial, and, abroad,
respectful to his elders. He should be earnest and truthful. He should
low in love to all, and cultivate the friendship of the good.
When he has time and opportunity, after the performance of these things,
he should employ them in polite studies."
Tsze-hsia said, "If a man withdraws his mind from the love of beauty,
and applies it as sincerely to the love of the virtuous; if, in serving
his parents, he can exert his utmost strength; if, in serving his
prince, he can devote his life; if, in his intercourse with his friends,
his words are sincere:-although men say that he has M
will certainly say that he has.
The Master said, "If the scholar be not grave, he will not call forth
any veneration, and his learning will not be solid.
"Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles.
"Have no friends not equal to yourself.
"When you have faults, do not fear to abandon them."
The philosopher Tsang said, "Let there be a careful attention to perform
the funeral rites to parents, and let them be followed when long gone
with the ceremonies of sacrifice;-then the M
virtue of the people will
resume its proper excellence."
Tsze-ch'in asked Tsze-kung saying, "When our master comes to any country,
he does not fail to learn all about its government. Does he ask his
information? or is it given to him?"
Tsze-kung said, "Our master is benign, upright, courteous, temperate,
and complaisant and thus he gets his information. The master's mode
of asking information,-is it not different from that of other men?"
The Master said, "While a man's father is alive, look at the bM
of his will; when his father is dead, look at his conduct. If for
three years he does not alter from the way of his father, he may be
The philosopher Yu said, "In practicing the rules of propriety, a
natural ease is to be prized. In the ways prescribed by the ancient
kings, this is the excellent quality, and in things small and great
"Yet it is not to be observed in all cases. If one, knowing how such
ease should be prized, manifests it, without regulating it by thM
rules of propriety, this likewise is not to be done."
The philosopher Yu said, "When agreements are made according to what
is right, what is spoken can be made good. When respect is shown according
to what is proper, one keeps far from shame and disgrace. When the
parties upon whom a man leans are proper persons to be intimate with,
he can make them his guides and masters."
The Master said, "He who aims to be a man of complete virtue in his
food does not seek to gratify his appetite, nor in his dwelM
does he seek the appliances of ease; he is earnest in what he is doing,
and careful in his speech; he frequents the company of men of principle
that he may be rectified:-such a person may be said indeed to love
Tsze-kung said, "What do you pronounce concerning the poor man who
yet does not flatter, and the rich man who is not proud?" The Master
replied, "They will do; but they are not equal to him, who, though
poor, is yet cheerful, and to him, who, though rich, loves the rules
Tsze-kung replied, "It is said in the Book of Poetry, 'As you cut
and then file, as you carve and then polish.'-The meaning is the same,
I apprehend, as that which you have just expressed."
The Master said, "With one like Ts'ze, I can begin to talk about the
odes. I told him one point, and he knew its proper sequence."
The Master said, "I will not be afflicted at men's not knowing me;
I will be afflicted that I do not know men."
The Master said, "He who exercises governmenM
t by means of his virtue
may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and
all the stars turn towards it."
The Master said, "In the Book of Poetry are three hundred pieces,
but the design of them all may be embraced in one sentence 'Having
no depraved thoughts.'"
The Master said, "If the people be led by laws, and uniformity sought
to be given them by punishments, they will try to avoid the punishment,
but have no sense of shame.
"If they be led by virtue, and uniformity sought toM
by the rules of propriety, they will have the sense of shame, and
moreover will become good."
The Master said, "At fifteen, I had my mind bent on learning.
"At thirty, I stood firm.
"At forty, I had no doubts.
"At fifty, I knew the decrees of Heaven.
"At sixty, my ear was an obedient organ for the reception of truth.
"At seventy, I could follow what my heart desired, without transgressing
Mang I asked what filial piety was. The Master said, "It is not being
Soon after, as Fan Ch'ih was driving him, the Master told him, saying,
"Mang-sun asked me what filial piety was, and I answered him,-'not
being disobedient.'"
Fan Ch'ih said, "What did you mean?" The Master replied, "That parents,
when alive, be served according to propriety; that, when dead, they
should be buried according to propriety; and that they should be sacrificed
to according to propriety."
Mang Wu asked what filial piety was. The Master said, "Parents are
anxious lest their cM
hildren should be sick."
Tsze-yu asked what filial piety was. The Master said, "The filial
piety nowadays means the support of one's parents. But dogs and horses
likewise are able to do something in the way of support;-without reverence,
what is there to distinguish the one support given from the other?"
Tsze-hsia asked what filial piety was. The Master said, "The difficulty
is with the countenance. If, when their elders have any troublesome
affairs, the young take the toil of them, and if, when the youM
wine and food, they set them before their elders, is THIS to be considered
The Master said, "I have talked with Hui for a whole day, and he has
not made any objection to anything I said;-as if he were stupid. He
has retired, and I have examined his conduct when away from me, and
found him able to illustrate my teachings. Hui!-He is not stupid."
The Master said, "See what a man does.
"Examine in what things he rests.
"How can a man conceal his character? HoM
w can a man conceal his character?"
The Master said, "If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so
as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others."
The Master said, "The accomplished scholar is not a utensil."
Tsze-kung asked what constituted the superior man. The Master said,
"He acts before he speaks, and afterwards speaks according to his
The Master said, "The superior man is catholic and not partisan. The
mean man is partisan and not catholic."
d, "Learning without thought is labor lost; thought
without learning is perilous."
The Master said, "The study of strange doctrines is injurious indeed!"
The Master said, "Yu, shall I teach you what knowledge is? When you
know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know a
thing, to allow that you do not know it;-this is knowledge."
Tsze-chang was learning with a view to official emolument.
The Master said, "Hear much and put aside the points of which you
stand in doubt, while you spM
eak cautiously at the same time of the
others:-then you will afford few occasions for blame. See much and
put aside the things which seem perilous, while you are cautious at
the same time in carrying the others into practice: then you will
have few occasions for repentance. When one gives few occasions for
blame in his words, and few occasions for repentance in his conduct,
he is in the way to get emolument."
The Duke Ai asked, saying, "What should be done in order to secure
the submission of the people?M
" Confucius replied, "Advance the upright
and set aside the crooked, then the people will submit. Advance the
crooked and set aside the upright, then the people will not submit."
Chi K'ang asked how to cause the people to reverence their ruler,
to be faithful to him, and to go on to nerve themselves to virtue.
The Master said, "Let him preside over them with gravity;-then they
will reverence him. Let him be final and kind to all;-then they will
be faithful to him. Let him advance the good and teach the incM
they will eagerly seek to be virtuous."
Some one addressed Confucius, saying, "Sir, why are you not engaged
in the government?"
The Master said, "What does the Shu-ching say of filial piety?-'You
are final, you discharge your brotherly duties. These qualities are
displayed in government.' This then also constitutes the exercise
of government. Why must there be THAT-making one be in the government?"
The Master said, "I do not know how a man without truthfulness is
to get on. How can aM
large carriage be made to go without the crossbar
for yoking the oxen to, or a small carriage without the arrangement
for yoking the horses?"
Tsze-chang asked whether the affairs of ten ages after could be known.
Confucius said, "The Yin dynasty followed the regulations of the Hsia:
wherein it took from or added to them may be known. The Chau dynasty
has followed the regulations of Yin: wherein it took from or added
to them may be known. Some other may follow the Chau, but though it
istance of a hundred ages, its affairs may be known."
The Master said, "For a man to sacrifice to a spirit which does not
belong to him is flattery.
"To see what is right and not to do it is want of courage."
Confucius said of the head of the Chi family, who had eight rows of
pantomimes in his area, "If he can bear to do this, what may he not
The three families used the Yungode, while the vessels were being
removed, at the conclusion of the sacrifice. The Master said, "'AsM
are the princes;-the son of heaven looks profound and grave';-what
application can these words have in the hall of the three families?"
The Master said, "If a man be without the virtues proper to humanity,
what has he to do with the rites of propriety? If a man be without
the virtues proper to humanity, what has he to do with music?"
Lin Fang asked what was the first thing to be attended to in ceremonies.
The Master said, "A great question indeed!
"In festive ceremonies, it is better to be spM
aring than extravagant.
In the ceremonies of mourning, it is better that there be deep sorrow
than in minute attention to observances."
The Master said, "The rude tribes of the east and north have their
princes, and are not like the States of our great land which are without
The chief of the Chi family was about to sacrifice to the T'ai mountain.
The Master said to Zan Yu, "Can you not save him from this?" He answered,
"I cannot." Confucius said, "Alas! will you say that the T'ai mountain
ot so discerning as Lin Fang?"
The Master said, "The student of virtue has no contentions. If it
be said he cannot avoid them, shall this be in archery? But he bows
complaisantly to his competitors; thus he ascends the hall, descends,
and exacts the forfeit of drinking. In his contention, he is still
Tsze-hsia asked, saying, "What is the meaning of the passage-'The
pretty dimples of her artful smile! The well-defined black and white
of her eye! The plain ground for the colors?'"
e Master said, "The business of laying on the colors follows the
preparation of the plain ground."
"Ceremonies then are a subsequent thing?" The Master said, "It is
Shang who can bring out my meaning. Now I can begin to talk about
the odes with him."
The Master said, "I could describe the ceremonies of the Hsia dynasty,
but Chi cannot sufficiently attest my words. I could describe the
ceremonies of the Yin dynasty, but Sung cannot sufficiently attest
my words. They cannot do so because of the insufficM
records and wise men. If those were sufficient, I could adduce them
in support of my words."
The Master said, "At the great sacrifice, after the pouring out of
the libation, I have no wish to look on."
Some one asked the meaning of the great sacrifice. The Master said,
"I do not know. He who knew its meaning would find it as easy to govern
the kingdom as to look on this"-pointing to his palm.
He sacrificed to the dead, as if they were present. He sacrificed
to the spirits, as if theM
spirits were present.
The Master said, "I consider my not being present at the sacrifice,
as if I did not sacrifice."
Wang-sun Chia asked, saying, "What is the meaning of the saying, 'It
is better to pay court to the furnace then to the southwest corner?'"
The Master said, "Not so. He who offends against Heaven has none to
The Master said, "Chau had the advantage of viewing the two past dynasties.
How complete and elegant are its regulations! I follow Chau."
n he entered the grand temple, asked about everything.
Some one said, "Who say that the son of the man of Tsau knows the
rules of propriety! He has entered the grand temple and asks about
everything." The Master heard the remark, and said, "This is a rule
The Master said, "In archery it is not going through the leather which
is the principal thing;-because people's strength is not equal. This
Tsze-kung wished to do away with the offering of a sheep connected
inauguration of the first day of each month.
The Master said, "Ts'ze, you love the sheep; I love the ceremony."
The Master said, "The full observance of the rules of propriety in
serving one's prince is accounted by people to be flattery."
The Duke Ting asked how a prince should employ his ministers, and
how ministers should serve their prince. Confucius replied, "A prince
should employ his minister according to according to the rules of
propriety; ministers should serve their prince with faithfulnessM
The Master said, "The Kwan Tsu is expressive of enjoyment without
being licentious, and of grief without being hurtfully excessive."
The Duke Ai asked Tsai Wo about the altars of the spirits of the land.
Tsai Wo replied, "The Hsia sovereign planted the pine tree about them;
the men of the Yin planted the cypress; and the men of the Chau planted
the chestnut tree, meaning thereby to cause the people to be in awe."
When the Master heard it, he said, "Things that are done, it is needless
t; things that have had their course, it is needless
to remonstrate about; things that are past, it is needless to blame."
The Master said, "Small indeed was the capacity of Kwan Chung!"
Some one said, "Was Kwan Chung parsimonious?" "Kwan," was the reply,
"had the San Kwei, and his officers performed no double duties; how
can he be considered parsimonious?"
"Then, did Kwan Chung know the rules of propriety?" The Master said,
"The princes of States have a screen intercepting the view at their
wan had likewise a screen at his gate. The princes of States
on any friendly meeting between two of them, had a stand on which
to place their inverted cups. Kwan had also such a stand. If Kwan
knew the rules of propriety, who does not know them?"
The Master instructing the grand music master of Lu said, "How to
play music may be known. At the commencement of the piece, all the
parts should sound together. As it proceeds, they should be in harmony
while severally distinct and flowing without break, and thuM
The border warden at Yi requested to be introduced to the Master,
saying, "When men of superior virtue have come to this, I have never
been denied the privilege of seeing them." The followers of the sage
introduced him, and when he came out from the interview, he said,
"My friends, why are you distressed by your master's loss of office?
The kingdom has long been without the principles of truth and right;
Heaven is going to use your master as a bell with its wooden tongue."
Master said of the Shao that it was perfectly beautiful and also
perfectly good. He said of the Wu that it was perfectly beautiful
but not perfectly good.
The Master said, "High station filled without indulgent generosity;
ceremonies performed without reverence; mourning conducted without
sorrow;-wherewith should I contemplate such ways?"
The Master said, "It is virtuous manners which constitute the excellence
of a neighborhood. If a man in selecting a residence do not fix on
ch prevail, how can he be wise?"
The Master said, "Those who are without virtue cannot abide long either
in a condition of poverty and hardship, or in a condition of enjoyment.
The virtuous rest in virtue; the wise desire virtue."
The Master said, "It is only the truly virtuous man, who can love,
or who can hate, others."
The Master said, "If the will be set on virtue, there will be no practice
The Master said, "Riches and honors are what men desire. If they cannot
n the proper way, they should not be held. Poverty and
meanness are what men dislike. If they cannot be avoided in the proper
way, they should not be avoided.
"If a superior man abandon virtue, how can he fulfill the requirements
"The superior man does not, even for the space of a single meal, act
contrary to virtue. In moments of haste, he cleaves to it. In seasons
of danger, he cleaves to it."
The Master said, "I have not seen a person who loved virtue, or one
who hated what was noM
t virtuous. He who loved virtue, would esteem
nothing above it. He who hated what is not virtuous, would practice
virtue in such a way that he would not allow anything that is not
virtuous to approach his person.
"Is any one able for one day to apply his strength to virtue? I have
not seen the case in which his strength would be insufficient.
"Should there possibly be any such case, I have not seen it."
The Master said, "The faults of men are characteristic of the class
to which they belong. By obserM
ving a man's faults, it may be known
that he is virtuous."
The Master said, "If a man in the morning hear the right way, he may
die in the evening hear regret."
The Master said, "A scholar, whose mind is set on truth, and who is
ashamed of bad clothes and bad food, is not fit to be discoursed with."
The Master said, "The superior man, in the world, does not set his
mind either for anything, or against anything; what is right he will
The Master said, "The superior man thinks of virtue; tM
thinks of comfort. The superior man thinks of the sanctions of law;
the small man thinks of favors which he may receive."
The Master said: "He who acts with a constant view to his own advantage
will be much murmured against."
The Master said, "If a prince is able to govern his kingdom with the
complaisance proper to the rules of propriety, what difficulty will
he have? If he cannot govern it with that complaisance, what has he
to do with the rules of propriety?"
The Master said, "A maM
n should say, I am not concerned that I have
no place, I am concerned how I may fit myself for one. I am not concerned
that I am not known, I seek to be worthy to be known."
The Master said, "Shan, my doctrine is that of an all-pervading unity."
The disciple Tsang replied, "Yes."
The Master went out, and the other disciples asked, saying, "What
do his words mean?" Tsang said, "The doctrine of our master is to
be true to the principles-of our nature and the benevolent exercise
of them to others,-this aM
The Master said, "The mind of the superior man is conversant with
righteousness; the mind of the mean man is conversant with gain."
The Master said, "When we see men of worth, we should think of equaling
them; when we see men of a contrary character, we should turn inwards
and examine ourselves."
The Master said, "In serving his parents, a son may remonstrate with
them, but gently; when he sees that they do not incline to follow
his advice, he shows an increased degree of reverenceM
abandon his purpose; and should they punish him, he does not allow
himself to murmur."
The Master said, "While his parents are alive, the son may not go
abroad to a distance. If he does go abroad, he must have a fixed place
The Master said, "If the son for three years does not alter from the
way of his father, he may be called filial."
The Master said, "The years of parents may by no means not be kept
in the memory, as an occasion at once for joy and for fear."
The Master said, "The reason why the ancients did not readily give
utterance to their words, was that they feared lest their actions
should not come up to them."
The Master said, "The cautious seldom err."
The Master said, "The superior man wishes to be slow in his speech
and earnest in his conduct."
The Master said, "Virtue is not left to stand alone. He who practices
it will have neighbors."
Tsze-yu said, "In serving a prince, frequent remonstrances lead to
disgrace. Between friends, frequent M
reproofs make the friendship distant."
The Master said of Kung-ye Ch'ang that he might be wived; although
he was put in bonds, he had not been guilty of any crime. Accordingly,
he gave him his own daughter to wife.
Of Nan Yung he said that if the country were well governed he would
not be out of office, and if it were in governed, he would escape
punishment and disgrace. He gave him the daughter of his own elder
The Master said of Tsze-chien, "Of superior virtue indeed iM
a man! If there were not virtuous men in Lu, how could this man have
acquired this character?"
Tsze-kung asked, "What do you say of me, Ts'ze!" The Master said,
"You are a utensil." "What utensil?" "A gemmed sacrificial utensil."
Some one said, "Yung is truly virtuous, but he is not ready with his
The Master said, "What is the good of being ready with the tongue?
They who encounter men with smartness of speech for the most part
procure themselves hatred. I know not whether he be truM
but why should he show readiness of the tongue?"
The Master was wishing Ch'i-tiao K'ai to enter an official employment.
He replied, "I am not yet able to rest in the assurance of this."
The Master was pleased.
The Master said, "My doctrines make no way. I will get upon a raft,
and float about on the sea. He that will accompany me will be Yu,
I dare say." Tsze-lu hearing this was glad, upon which the Master
said, "Yu is fonder of daring than I am. He does not exercise his
Mang Wu asked about Tsze-lu, whether he was perfectly virtuous. The
Master said, "I do not know."
He asked again, when the Master replied, "In a kingdom of a thousand
chariots, Yu might be employed to manage the military levies, but
I do not know whether he be perfectly virtuous."
"And what do you say of Ch'iu?" The Master replied, "In a city of
a thousand families, or a clan of a hundred chariots, Ch'iu might
be employed as governor, but I do not know whether he is perfectly
"What do you say of Ch'ih?" The Master replied, "With his sash girt
and standing in a court, Ch'ih might be employed to converse with
the visitors and guests, but I do not know whether he is perfectly
The Master said to Tsze-kung, "Which do you consider superior, yourself
Tsze-kung replied, "How dare I compare myself with Hui? Hui hears
one point and knows all about a subject; I hear one point, and know
The Master said, "You are not equal to him. I grant you, you aM
Tsai Yu being asleep during the daytime, the Master said, "Rotten
wood cannot be carved; a wall of dirty earth will not receive the
trowel. This Yu,-what is the use of my reproving him?"
The Master said, "At first, my way with men was to hear their words,
and give them credit for their conduct. Now my way is to hear their
words, and look at their conduct. It is from Yu that I have learned
to make this change."
The Master said, "I have not seen a firm and unbending man." Some
one replied, "There is Shan Ch'ang." "Ch'ang," said the Master, "is
under the influence of his passions; how can he be pronounced firm
Tsze-kung said, "What I do not wish men to do to me, I also wish not
to do to men." The Master said, "Ts'ze, you have not attained to that."
Tsze-kung said, "The Master's personal displays of his principles
and ordinary descriptions of them may be heard. His discourses about
man's nature, and the way of Heaven, cannot be heard."
When Tsze-lu heard anM
ything, if he had not yet succeeded in carrying
it into practice, he was only afraid lest he should hear something
Tsze-kung asked, saying, "On what ground did Kung-wan get that title
The Master said, "He was of an active nature and yet fond of learning,
and he was not ashamed to ask and learn of his inferiors!-On these
grounds he has been styled Wan."
The Master said of Tsze-ch'an that he had four of the characteristics
of a superior man-in his conduct of himself, he was humble; inM
his superior, he was respectful; in nourishing the people, he was
kind; in ordering the people, he was just."
The Master said, "Yen P'ing knew well how to maintain friendly intercourse.
The acquaintance might be long, but he showed the same respect as
The Master said, "Tsang Wan kept a large tortoise in a house, on the
capitals of the pillars of which he had hills made, and with representations
of duckweed on the small pillars above the beams supporting the rafters.-Of
Tsze-chang asked, saying, "The minister Tsze-wan thrice took office,
and manifested no joy in his countenance. Thrice he retired from office,
and manifested no displeasure. He made it a point to inform the new
minister of the way in which he had conducted the government; what
do you say of him?" The Master replied. "He was loyal." "Was he perfectly
virtuous?" "I do not know. How can he be pronounced perfectly virtuous?"
Tsze-chang proceeded, "When the officer Ch'ui killed the prince of
Ch'i, Ch'an Wan, though he was the owner of forty horses, abandoned
them and left the country. Coming to another state, he said, 'They
are here like our great officer, Ch'ui,' and left it. He came to a
second state, and with the same observation left it also;-what do
you say of him?" The Master replied, "He was pure." "Was he perfectly
virtuous?" "I do not know. How can he be pronounced perfectly virtuous?"
Chi Wan thought thrice, and then acted. When the Master was informed
of it, he said, "Twice may do."M
The Master said, "When good order prevailed in his country, Ning Wu
acted the part of a wise man. When his country was in disorder, he
acted the part of a stupid man. Others may equal his wisdom, but they
cannot equal his stupidity."
When the Master was in Ch'an, he said, "Let me return! Let me return!
The little children of my school are ambitious and too hasty. They
are accomplished and complete so far, but they do not know how to
restrict and shape themselves."
The Master said, "Po-i and Shu-cM
h'i did not keep the former wickednesses
of men in mind, and hence the resentments directed towards them were
The Master said, "Who says of Weishang Kao that he is upright? One
begged some vinegar of him, and he begged it of a neighbor and gave
The Master said, "Fine words, an insinuating appearance, and excessive
respect;-Tso Ch'iu-ming was ashamed of them. I also am ashamed of
them. To conceal resentment against a person, and appear friendly
with him;-Tso Ch'iu-ming was ashameM
d of such conduct. I also am ashamed
Yen Yuan and Chi Lu being by his side, the Master said to them, "Come,
let each of you tell his wishes."
Tsze-lu said, "I should like, having chariots and horses, and light
fur clothes, to share them with my friends, and though they should
spoil them, I would not be displeased."
Yen Yuan said, "I should like not to boast of my excellence, nor to
make a display of my meritorious deeds."
Tsze-lu then said, "I should like, sir, to hear your wishes." TheM
Master said, "They are, in regard to the aged, to give them rest;
in regard to friends, to show them sincerity; in regard to the young,
to treat them tenderly."
The Master said, "It is all over. I have not yet seen one who could
perceive his faults, and inwardly accuse himself."
The Master said, "In a hamlet of ten families, there may be found
one honorable and sincere as I am, but not so fond of learning."
The Master said, "There is Yung!-He might occupy the place of a prince."
g-kung asked about Tsze-sang Po-tsze. The Master said, "He may
pass. He does not mind small matters."
Chung-kung said, "If a man cherish in himself a reverential feeling
of the necessity of attention to business, though he may be easy in
small matters in his government of the people, that may be allowed.
But if he cherish in himself that easy feeling, and also carry it
out in his practice, is not such an easymode of procedure excessive?"
The Master said, "Yung's words are right."
The Duke Ai asked whiM
ch of the disciples loved to learn.
Confucius replied to him, "There was Yen Hui; he loved to learn. He
did not transfer his anger; he did not repeat a fault. Unfortunately,
his appointed time was short and he died; and now there is not such
another. I have not yet heard of any one who loves to learn as he
Tsze-hwa being employed on a mission to Ch'i, the disciple Zan requested
grain for his mother. The Master said, "Give her a fu." Yen requested
more. "Give her a yi," said the Master. Yen gave hM
The Master said, "When Ch'ih was proceeding to Ch'i, he had fat horses
to his carriage, and wore light furs. I have heard that a superior
man helps the distressed, but does not add to the wealth of the rich."
Yuan Sze being made governor of his town by the Master, he gave him
nine hundred measures of grain, but Sze declined them.
The Master said, "Do not decline them. May you not give them away
in the neighborhoods, hamlets, towns, and villages?"
The Master, speaking of Chung-kung, sM
aid, "If the calf of a brindled
cow be red and homed, although men may not wish to use it, would the
spirits of the mountains and rivers put it aside?"
The Master said, "Such was Hui that for three months there would be
nothing in his mind contrary to perfect virtue. The others may attain
to this on some days or in some months, but nothing more."
Chi K'ang asked about Chung-yu, whether he was fit to be employed
as an officer of government. The Master said, "Yu is a man of decision;
what difficulty woulM
d he find in being an officer of government?"
K'ang asked, "Is Ts'ze fit to be employed as an officer of government?"
and was answered, "Ts'ze is a man of intelligence; what difficulty
would he find in being an officer of government?" And to the same
question about Ch'iu the Master gave the same reply, saying, "Ch'iu
is a man of various ability."
The chief of the Chi family sent to ask Min Tsze-ch'ien to be governor
of Pi. Min Tszech'ien said, "Decline the offer for me politely. If
any one come again to M
me with a second invitation, I shall be obliged
to go and live on the banks of the Wan."
Po-niu being ill, the Master went to ask for him. He took hold of
his hand through the window, and said, "It is killing him. It is the
appointment of Heaven, alas! That such a man should have such a sickness!
That such a man should have such a sickness!"
The Master said, "Admirable indeed was the virtue of Hui! With a single
bamboo dish of rice, a single gourd dish of drink, and living in his
mean narrow lane, whiM
le others could not have endured the distress,
he did not allow his joy to be affected by it. Admirable indeed was
the virtue of Hui!"
Yen Ch'iu said, "It is not that I do not delight in your doctrines,
but my strength is insufficient." The Master said, "Those whose strength
is insufficient give over in the middle of the way but now you limit
The Master said to Tsze-hsia, "Do you be a scholar after the style
of the superior man, and not after that of the mean man."
Tsze-yu being governorM
of Wu-ch'ang, the Master said to him, "Have
you got good men there?" He answered, "There is Tan-t'ai Miehming,
who never in walking takes a short cut, and never comes to my office,
excepting on public business."
The Master said, "Mang Chih-fan does not boast of his merit. Being
in the rear on an occasion of flight, when they were about to enter
the gate, he whipped up his horse, saying, "It is not that I dare
to be last. My horse would not advance."
The Master said, "Without the specious speech of thM
and the beauty of the prince Chao of Sung, it is difficult to escape
in the present age."
The Master said, "Who can go out but by the door? How is it that men
will not walk according to these ways?"
The Master said, "Where the solid qualities are in excess of accomplishments,
we have rusticity; where the accomplishments are in excess of the
solid qualities, we have the manners of a clerk. When the accomplishments
and solid qualities are equally blended, we then have the man of virtue."
The Master said, "Man is born for uprightness. If a man lose his uprightness,
and yet live, his escape from death is the effect of mere good fortune."
The Master said, "They who know the truth are not equal to those who
love it, and they who love it are not equal to those who delight in
The Master said, "To those whose talents are above mediocrity, the
highest subjects may be announced. To those who are below mediocrity,
the highest subjects may not be announced."
Fan Ch'ih asked what constiM
tuted wisdom. The Master said, "To give
one's self earnestly to the duties due to men, and, while respecting
spiritual beings, to keep aloof from them, may be called wisdom."
He asked about perfect virtue. The Master said, "The man of virtue
makes the difficulty to be overcome his first business, and success
only a subsequent consideration;-this may be called perfect virtue."
The Master said, "The wise find pleasure in water; the virtuous find
pleasure in hills. The wise are active; the virtuous are tranquM
The wise are joyful; the virtuous are long-lived."
The Master said, "Ch'i, by one change, would come to the State of
Lu. Lu, by one change, would come to a State where true principles
The Master said, "A cornered vessel without corners-a strange cornered
vessel! A strange cornered vessel!"
Tsai Wo asked, saying, "A benevolent man, though it be told him,-'There
is a man in the well" will go in after him, I suppose." Confucius
said, "Why should he do so?" A superior man may be madM
well, but he cannot be made to go down into it. He may be imposed
upon, but he cannot be fooled."
The Master said, "The superior man, extensively studying all learning,
and keeping himself under the restraint of the rules of propriety,
may thus likewise not overstep what is right."
The Master having visited Nan-tsze, Tsze-lu was displeased, on which
the Master swore, saying, "Wherein I have done improperly, may Heaven
reject me, may Heaven reject me!"
The Master said, "Perfect is thM
e virtue which is according to the
Constant Mean! Rare for a long time has been its practice among the
Tsze-kung said, "Suppose the case of a man extensively conferring
benefits on the people, and able to assist all, what would you say
of him? Might he be called perfectly virtuous?" The Master said, "Why
speak only of virtue in connection with him? Must he not have the
qualities of a sage? Even Yao and Shun were still solicitous about
"Now the man of perfect virtue, wishing to be estabM
seeks also to establish others; wishing to be enlarged himself, he
seeks also to enlarge others.
"To be able to judge of others by what is nigh in ourselves;-this
may be called the art of virtue."
The Master said, "A transmitter and not a maker, believing in and
loving the ancients, I venture to compare myself with our old P'ang."
The Master said, "The silent treasuring up of knowledge; learning
without satiety; and instructing others without being wearied:-M
one of these things belongs to me?"
The Master said, "The leaving virtue without proper cultivation; the
not thoroughly discussing what is learned; not being able to move
towards righteousness of which a knowledge is gained; and not being
able to change what is not good:-these are the things which occasion
When the Master was unoccupied with business, his manner was easy,
and he looked pleased.
The Master said, "Extreme is my decay. For a long time, I have not
was wont to do, that I saw the duke of Chau."
The Master said, "Let the will be set on the path of duty.
"Let every attainment in what is good be firmly grasped.
"Let perfect virtue be accorded with.
"Let relaxation and enjoyment be found in the polite arts."
The Master said, "From the man bringing his bundle of dried flesh
for my teaching upwards, I have never refused instruction to any one."
The Master said, "I do not open up the truth to one who is not eager
to get knowledge, nor help out any M
one who is not anxious to explain
himself. When I have presented one corner of a subject to any one,
and he cannot from it learn the other three, I do not repeat my lesson."
When the Master was eating by the side of a mourner, he never ate
He did not sing on the same day in which he had been weeping.
The Master said to Yen Yuan, "When called to office, to undertake
its duties; when not so called, to he retired;-it is only I and you
who have attained to this."
Tsze-lu said, "If you haM
d the conduct of the armies of a great state,
whom would you have to act with you?"
The Master said, "I would not have him to act with me, who will unarmed
attack a tiger, or cross a river without a boat, dying without any
regret. My associate must be the man who proceeds to action full of
solicitude, who is fond of adjusting his plans, and then carries them
The Master said, "If the search for riches is sure to be successful,
though I should become a groom with whip in hand to get theM
do so. As the search may not be successful, I will follow after that
The things in reference to which the Master exercised the greatest
caution were-fasting, war, and sickness.
When the Master was in Ch'i, he heard the Shao, and for three months
did not know the taste of flesh. "I did not think'" he said, "that
music could have been made so excellent as this."
Yen Yu said, "Is our Master for the ruler of Wei?" Tsze-kung said,
"Oh! I will ask him."
He went in accordinglM
y, and said, "What sort of men were Po-i and
Shu-ch'i?" "They were ancient worthies," said the Master. "Did they
have any repinings because of their course?" The Master again replied,
"They sought to act virtuously, and they did so; what was there for
them to repine about?" On this, Tsze-kung went out and said, "Our
Master is not for him."
The Master said, "With coarse rice to eat, with water to drink, and
my bended arm for a pillow;-I have still joy in the midst of these
things. Riches and honors acquirM
ed by unrighteousness, are to me as
The Master said, "If some years were added to my life, I would give
fifty to the study of the Yi, and then I might come to be without
The Master's frequent themes of discourse were-the Odes, the History,
and the maintenance of the Rules of Propriety. On all these he frequently
The Duke of Sheh asked Tsze-lu about Confucius, and Tsze-lu did not
The Master said, "Why did you not say to him,-He is simplyM
who in his eager pursuit of knowledge forgets his food, who in the
joy of its attainment forgets his sorrows, and who does not perceive
that old age is coming on?"
The Master said, "I am not one who was born in the possession of knowledge;
I am one who is fond of antiquity, and earnest in seeking it there."
The subjects on which the Master did not talk, were-extraordinary
things, feats of strength, disorder, and spiritual beings.
The Master said, "When I walk along with two others, they may sM
me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them,
their bad qualities and avoid them."
The Master said, "Heaven produced the virtue that is in me. Hwan T'ui-what
The Master said, "Do you think, my disciples, that I have any concealments?
I conceal nothing from you. There is nothing which I do that is not
shown to you, my disciples; that is my way."
There were four things which the Master taught,-letters, ethics, devotion
of soul, and truthfulness.
e Master said, "A sage it is not mine to see; could I see a man
of real talent and virtue, that would satisfy me."
The Master said, "A good man it is not mine to see; could I see a
man possessed of constancy, that would satisfy me.
"Having not and yet affecting to have, empty and yet affecting to
be full, straitened and yet affecting to be at ease:-it is difficult
with such characteristics to have constancy."
The Master angled,-but did not use a net. He shot,-but not at birds
er said, "There may be those who act without knowing why.
I do not do so. Hearing much and selecting what is good and following
it; seeing much and keeping it in memory: this is the second style
It was difficult to talk profitably and reputably with the people
of Hu-hsiang, and a lad of that place having had an interview with
the Master, the disciples doubted.
The Master said, "I admit people's approach to me without committing
myself as to what they may do when they have retired. Why mM
be so severe? If a man purify himself to wait upon me, I receive him
so purified, without guaranteeing his past conduct."
The Master said, "Is virtue a thing remote? I wish to be virtuous,
and lo! virtue is at hand."
The minister of crime of Ch'an asked whether the duke Chao knew propriety,
and Confucius said, "He knew propriety."
Confucius having retired, the minister bowed to Wu-ma Ch'i to come
forward, and said, "I have heard that the superior man is not a partisan.
May the superior manM
be a partisan also? The prince married a daughter
of the house of WU, of the same surname with himself, and called her,-'The
elder Tsze of Wu.' If the prince knew propriety, who does not know
Wu-ma Ch'i reported these remarks, and the Master said, "I am fortunate!
If I have any errors, people are sure to know them."
When the Master was in company with a person who was singing, if he
sang well, he would make him repeat the song, while he accompanied
it with his own voice.
The Master said, "InM
letters I am perhaps equal to other men, but
the character of the superior man, carrying out in his conduct what
he professes, is what I have not yet attained to."
The Master said, "The sage and the man of perfect virtue;-how dare
I rank myself with them? It may simply be said of me, that I strive
to become such without satiety, and teach others without weariness."
Kung-hsi Hwa said, "This is just what we, the disciples, cannot imitate
The Master being very sick, Tsze-lu asked leave to pray M
said, "May such a thing be done?" Tsze-lu replied, "It may. In the
Eulogies it is said, 'Prayer has been made for thee to the spirits
of the upper and lower worlds.'" The Master said, "My praying has
been for a long time."
The Master said, "Extravagance leads to insubordination, and parsimony
to meanness. It is better to be mean than to be insubordinate."
The Master said, "The superior man is satisfied and composed; the
mean man is always full of distress."
The Master was mild, and yet M
dignified; majestic, and yet not fierce;
respectful, and yet easy.
The Master said, "T'ai-po may be said to have reached the highest
point of virtuous action. Thrice he declined the kingdom, and the
people in ignorance of his motives could not express their approbation
The Master said, "Respectfulness, without the rules of propriety,
becomes laborious bustle; carefulness, without the rules of propriety,
becomes timidity; boldness, without the rules of propriety, becomes
nsubordination; straightforwardness, without the rules of propriety,
"When those who are in high stations perform well all their duties
to their relations, the people are aroused to virtue. When old friends
are not neglected by them, the people are preserved from meanness."
The philosopher Tsang being ill, he cared to him the disciples of
his school, and said, "Uncover my feet, uncover my hands. It is said
in the Book of Poetry, 'We should be apprehensive and cautious, as
ink of a deep gulf, as if treading on thin ice, I and
so have I been. Now and hereafter, I know my escape from all injury
to my person. O ye, my little children."
The philosopher Tsang being ill, Meng Chang went to ask how he was.
Tsang said to him, "When a bird is about to die, its notes are mournful;
when a man is about to die, his words are good.
"There are three principles of conduct which the man of high rank
should consider specially important:-that in his deportment and manner
olence and heedlessness; that in regulating his countenance
he keep near to sincerity; and that in his words and tones he keep
far from lowness and impropriety. As to such matters as attending
to the sacrificial vessels, there are the proper officers for them."
The philosopher Tsang said, "Gifted with ability, and yet putting
questions to those who were not so; possessed of much, and yet putting
questions to those possessed of little; having, as though he had not;
full, and yet counting himself as empty; oM
ffended against, and yet
entering into no altercation; formerly I had a friend who pursued
this style of conduct."
The philosopher Tsang said, "Suppose that there is an individual who
can be entrusted with the charge of a young orphan prince, and can
be commissioned with authority over a state of a hundred li, and whom
no emergency however great can drive from his principles:-is such
a man a superior man? He is a superior man indeed."
The philosopher Tsang said, "The officer may not be without breadthM
of mind and vigorous endurance. His burden is heavy and his course
"Perfect virtue is the burden which he considers it is his to sustain;-is
it not heavy? Only with death does his course stop;-is it not long?
The Master said, "It is by the Odes that the mind is aroused.
"It is by the Rules of Propriety that the character is established.
"It is from Music that the finish is received."
The Master said, "The people may be made to follow a path of action,
but they may not be made to understM
The Master said, "The man who is fond of daring and is dissatisfied
with poverty, will proceed to insubordination. So will the man who
is not virtuous, when you carry your dislike of him to an extreme."
The Master said, "Though a man have abilities as admirable as those
of the Duke of Chau, yet if he be proud and niggardly, those other
things are really not worth being looked at."
The Master said, "It is not easy to find a man who has learned for
three years without coming to be good."
The Master said, "With sincere faith he unites the love of learning;
holding firm to death, he is perfecting the excellence of his course.
"Such an one will not enter a tottering state, nor dwell in a disorganized
one. When right principles of government prevail in the kingdom, he
will show himself; when they are prostrated, he will keep concealed.
"When a country is well governed, poverty and a mean condition are
things to be ashamed of. When a country is ill governed, riches and
honor are things to be M
The Master said, "He who is not in any particular office has nothing
to do with plans for the administration of its duties."
The Master said, "When the music master Chih first entered on his
office, the finish of the Kwan Tsu was magnificent;-how it filled
The Master said, "Ardent and yet not upright, stupid and yet not attentive;
simple and yet not sincere:-such persons I do not understand."
The Master said, "Learn as if you could not reach your object, and
earing also lest you should lose it."
The Master said, "How majestic was the manner in which Shun and Yu
held possession of the empire, as if it were nothing to them!
The Master said, "Great indeed was Yao as a sovereign! How majestic
was he! It is only Heaven that is grand, and only Yao corresponded
to it. How vast was his virtue! The people could find no name for
"How majestic was he in the works which he accomplished! How glorious
in the elegant regulations which he instituted!"
five ministers, and the empire was well governed.
King Wu said, "I have ten able ministers."
Confucius said, "Is not the saying that talents are difficult to find,
true? Only when the dynasties of T'ang and Yu met, were they more
abundant than in this of Chau, yet there was a woman among them. The
able ministers were no more than nine men.
"King Wan possessed two of the three parts of the empire, and with
those he served the dynasty of Yin. The virtue of the house of Chau
may be said to have reached tM
he highest point indeed."
The Master said, "I can find no flaw in the character of Yu. He used
himself coarse food and drink, but displayed the utmost filial piety
towards the spirits. His ordinary garments were poor, but he displayed
the utmost elegance in his sacrificial cap and apron. He lived in
a low, mean house, but expended all his strength on the ditches and
water channels. I can find nothing like a flaw in Yu."
The subjects of which the Master seldom spoke were-profitableness,
also the appointments of Heaven, and perfect virtue.
A man of the village of Ta-hsiang said, "Great indeed is the philosopher
K'ung! His learning is extensive, and yet he does not render his name
famous by any particular thing."
The Master heard the observation, and said to his disciples, "What
shall I practice? Shall I practice charioteering, or shall I practice
archery? I will practice charioteering."
The Master said, "The linen cap is that prescribed by the rules of
ceremony, but now a silk one M
is worn. It is economical, and I follow
the common practice.
"The rules of ceremony prescribe the bowing below the hall, but now
the practice is to bow only after ascending it. That is arrogant.
I continue to bow below the hall, though I oppose the common practice."
There were four things from which the Master was entirely free. He
had no foregone conclusions, no arbitrary predeterminations, no obstinacy,
The Master was put in fear in K'wang.
He said, "After the death of King Wan, wM
as not the cause of truth
"If Heaven had wished to let this cause of truth perish, then I, a
future mortal! should not have got such a relation to that cause.
While Heaven does not let the cause of truth perish, what can the
people of K'wang do to me?"
A high officer asked Tsze-kung, saying, "May we not say that your
Master is a sage? How various is his ability!"
Tsze-kung said, "Certainly Heaven has endowed him unlimitedly. He
is about a sage. And, moreover, his ability is variM
The Master heard of the conversation and said, "Does the high officer
know me? When I was young, my condition was low, and I acquired my
ability in many things, but they were mean matters. Must the superior
man have such variety of ability? He does not need variety of ability.
Lao said, "The Master said, 'Having no official employment, I acquired
The Master said, "Am I indeed possessed of knowledge? I am not knowing.
But if a mean person, who appears quite empty-like, ask anything ofM
me, I set it forth from one end to the other, and exhaust it."
The Master said, "The Fang bird does not come; the river sends forth
no map:-it is all over with me!"
When the Master saw a person in a mourning dress, or any one with
the cap and upper and lower garments of full dress, or a blind person,
on observing them approaching, though they were younger than himself,
he would rise up, and if he had to pass by them, he would do so hastily.
Yen Yuan, in admiration of the Master's doctrines, sighed aM
"I looked up to them, and they seemed to become more high; I tried
to penetrate them, and they seemed to become more firm; I looked at
them before me, and suddenly they seemed to be behind.
"The Master, by orderly method, skillfully leads men on. He enlarged
my mind with learning, and taught me the restraints of propriety.
"When I wish to give over the study of his doctrines, I cannot do
so, and having exerted all my ability, there seems something to stand
right up before me; but though I wishM
to follow and lay hold of it,
I really find no way to do so."
The Master being very ill, Tsze-lu wished the disciples to act as
During a remission of his illness, he said, "Long has the conduct
of Yu been deceitful! By pretending to have ministers when I have
them not, whom should I impose upon? Should I impose upon Heaven?
"Moreover, than that I should die in the hands of ministers, is it
not better that I should die in the hands of you, my disciples? And
though I may not get a M
great burial, shall I die upon the road?"
Tsze-kung said, "There is a beautiful gem here. Should I lay it up
in a case and keep it? or should I seek for a good price and sell
it?" The Master said, "Sell it! Sell it! But I would wait for one
to offer the price."
The Master was wishing to go and live among the nine wild tribes of
Some one said, "They are rude. How can you do such a thing?" The Master
said, "If a superior man dwelt among them, what rudeness would there
id, "I returned from Wei to Lu, and then the music was
reformed, and the pieces in the Royal songs and Praise songs all found
their proper places."
The Master said, "Abroad, to serve the high ministers and nobles;
at home, to serve one's father and elder brothers; in all duties to
the dead, not to dare not to exert one's self; and not to be overcome
of wine:-which one of these things do I attain to?"
The Master standing by a stream, said, "It passes on just like this,
not ceasing day or night!"
e Master said, "I have not seen one who loves virtue as he loves
The Master said, "The prosecution of learning may be compared to what
may happen in raising a mound. If there want but one basket of earth
to complete the work, and I stop, the stopping is my own work. It
may be compared to throwing down the earth on the level ground. Though
but one basketful is thrown at a time, the advancing with it my own
The Master said, "Never flagging when I set forth anything to him;-ah!
that is Hui." The Master said of Yen Yuan, "Alas! I saw his constant
advance. I never saw him stop in his progress."
The Master said, "There are cases in which the blade springs, but
the plant does not go on to flower! There are cases where it flowers
but fruit is not subsequently produced!"
The Master said, "A youth is to be regarded with respect. How do we
know that his future will not be equal to our present? If he reach
the age of forty or fifty, and has not made himself heard of, then
ill not be worth being regarded with respect."
The Master said, "Can men refuse to assent to the words of strict
admonition? But it is reforming the conduct because of them which
is valuable. Can men refuse to be pleased with words of gentle advice?
But it is unfolding their aim which is valuable. If a man be pleased
with these words, but does not unfold their aim, and assents to those,
but does not reform his conduct, I can really do nothing with him."
The Master said, "Hold faithfulness and sincerity aM
Have no friends not equal to yourself. When you have faults, do not
fear to abandon them."
The Master said, "The commander of the forces of a large state may
be carried off, but the will of even a common man cannot be taken
The Master said, "Dressed himself in a tattered robe quilted with
hemp, yet standing by the side of men dressed in furs, and not ashamed;-ah!
it is Yu who is equal to this!
"He dislikes none, he covets nothing;-what can he do but what is good!"
Tsze-lu kept continually repeating these words of the ode, when the
Master said, "Those things are by no means sufficient to constitute
perfect excellence."
The Master said, "When the year becomes cold, then we know how the
pine and the cypress are the last to lose their leaves."
The Master said, "The wise are free from perplexities; the virtuous
from anxiety; and the bold from fear."
The Master said, "There are some with whom we may study in common,
but we shall find them unable to go along with uM
s to principles. Perhaps
we may go on with them to principles, but we shall find them unable
to get established in those along with us. Or if we may get so established
along with them, we shall find them unable to weigh occurring events
"How the flowers of the aspen-plum flutter and turn! Do I not think
of you? But your house is distant."
The Master said, "It is the want of thought about it. How is it distant?"
Confucius, in his village, looked simple and sincere, and asM
were not able to speak.
When he was in the prince's ancestral temple, or in the court, he
spoke minutely on every point, but cautiously.
When he was waiting at court, in speaking with the great officers
of the lower grade, he spoke freely, but in a straightforward manner;
in speaking with those of the higher grade, he did so blandly, but
When the ruler was present, his manner displayed respectful uneasiness;
it was grave, but self-possessed.
When the prince called him to emplM
oy him in the reception of a visitor,
his countenance appeared to change, and his legs to move forward with
He inclined himself to the other officers among whom he stood, moving
his left or right arm, as their position required, but keeping the
skirts of his robe before and behind evenly adjusted.
He hastened forward, with his arms like the wings of a bird.
When the guest had retired, he would report to the prince, "The visitor
is not turning round any more."
When he entered the palaM
ce gate, he seemed to bend his body, as if
it were not sufficient to admit him.
When he was standing, he did not occupy the middle of the gateway;
when he passed in or out, he did not tread upon the threshold.
When he was passing the vacant place of the prince, his countenance
appeared to change, and his legs to bend under him, and his words
came as if he hardly had breath to utter them.
He ascended the reception hall, holding up his robe with both his
hands, and his body bent; holding in his breathM
also, as if he dared
When he came out from the audience, as soon as he had descended one
step, he began to relax his countenance, and had a satisfied look.
When he had got the bottom of the steps, he advanced rapidly to his
place, with his arms like wings, and on occupying it, his manner still
showed respectful uneasiness.
When he was carrying the scepter of his ruler, he seemed to bend his
body, as if he were not able to bear its weight. He did not hold it
higher than the position of tM
he hands in making a bow, nor lower than
their position in giving anything to another. His countenance seemed
to change, and look apprehensive, and he dragged his feet along as
if they were held by something to the ground.
In presenting the presents with which he was charged, he wore a placid
At his private audience, he looked highly pleased.
The superior man did not use a deep purple, or a puce color, in the
ornaments of his dress.
Even in his undress, he did not wear anything of a rM
In warm weather, he had a single garment either of coarse or fine
texture, but he wore it displayed over an inner garment.
Over lamb's fur he wore a garment of black; over fawn's fur one of
white; and over fox's fur one of yellow.
The fur robe of his undress was long, with the right sleeve short.
He required his sleeping dress to be half as long again as his body.
When staying at home, he used thick furs of the fox or the badger.
When he put off mourning, he wore all the M
appendages of the girdle.
His undergarment, except when it was required to be of the curtain
shape, was made of silk cut narrow above and wide below.
He did not wear lamb's fur or a black cap on a visit of condolence.
On the first day of the month he put on his court robes, and presented
When fasting, he thought it necessary to have his clothes brightly
clean and made of linen cloth.
When fasting, he thought it necessary to change his food, and also
to change the place where hM
e commonly sat in the apartment.
He did not dislike to have his rice finely cleaned, nor to have his
mince meat cut quite small.
He did not eat rice which had been injured by heat or damp and turned
sour, nor fish or flesh which was gone. He did not eat what was discolored,
or what was of a bad flavor, nor anything which was ill-cooked, or
He did not eat meat which was not cut properly, nor what was served
without its proper sauce.
Though there might be a large quantity of meaM
t, he would not allow
what he took to exceed the due proportion for the rice. It was only
in wine that he laid down no limit for himself, but he did not allow
himself to be confused by it.
He did not partake of wine and dried meat bought in the market.
He was never without ginger when he ate. He did not eat much.
When he had been assisting at the prince's sacrifice, he did not keep
the flesh which he received overnight. The flesh of his family sacrifice
he did not keep over three days. If kept over tM
hree days, people could
When eating, he did not converse. When in bed, he did not speak.
Although his food might be coarse rice and vegetable soup, he would
offer a little of it in sacrifice with a grave, respectful air.
If his mat was not straight, he did not sit on it.
When the villagers were drinking together, upon those who carried
staffs going out, he also went out immediately after.
When the villagers were going through their ceremonies to drive away
pestilential influences, heM
put on his court robes and stood on the
When he was sending complimentary inquiries to any one in another
state, he bowed twice as he escorted the messenger away.
Chi K'ang having sent him a present of physic, he bowed and received
it, saying, "I do not know it. I dare not taste it."
The stable being burned down, when he was at court, on his return
he said, "Has any man been hurt?" He did not ask about the horses.
When the he would adjust his mat, first taste it, and then give it
away to others. When the prince sent him a gift of undressed meat,
he would have it cooked, and offer it to the spirits of his ancestors.
When the prince sent him a gift of a living animal, he would keep
When he was in attendance on the prince and joining in the entertainment,
the prince only sacrificed. He first tasted everything.
When he was ill and the prince came to visit him, he had his head
to the east, made his court robes be spread over him, and drew his
girdle across them.
the prince's order called him, without waiting for his carriage
to be yoked, he went at once.
When he entered the ancestral temple of the state, he asked about
When any of his friends died, if he had no relations offices, he would
say, "I will bury him."
When a friend sent him a present, though it might be a carriage and
horses, he did not bow.
The only present for which he bowed was that of the flesh of sacrifice.
In bed, he did not lie like a corpse. At home, he did not put on aM
When he saw any one in a mourning dress, though it might be an acquaintance,
he would change countenance; when he saw any one wearing the cap of
full dress, or a blind person, though he might be in his undress,
he would salute him in a ceremonious manner.
To any person in mourning he bowed forward to the crossbar of his
carriage; he bowed in the same way to any one bearing the tables of
When he was at an entertainment where there was an abundance of provisions
t before him, he would change countenance and rise up.
On a sudden clap of thunder, or a violent wind, he would change countenance.
When he was about to mount his carriage, he would stand straight,
When he was in the carriage, he did not turn his head quite round,
he did not talk hastily, he did not point with his hands.
Seeing the countenance, it instantly rises. It flies round, and by
The Master said, "There is the hen-pheasant on the hill bridge. At
on! At its season!" Tsze-lu made a motion to it. Thrice it
smelt him and then rose.
The Master said, "The men of former times in the matters of ceremonies
and music were rustics, it is said, while the men of these latter
times, in ceremonies and music, are accomplished gentlemen.
"If I have occasion to use those things, I follow the men of former
The Master said, "Of those who were with me in Ch'an and Ts'ai, there
are none to be found to enter my door."
Distinguished for thM
eir virtuous principles and practice, there were
Yen Yuan, Min Tsze-ch'ien, Zan Po-niu, and Chung-kung; for their ability
in speech, Tsai Wo and Tsze-kung; for their administrative talents,
Zan Yu and Chi Lu; for their literary acquirements, Tsze-yu and Tsze-hsia.
The Master said, "Hui gives me no assistance. There is nothing that
I say in which he does not delight."
The Master said, "Filial indeed is Min Tsze-ch'ien! Other people say
nothing of him different from the report of his parents and brothers.M
Nan Yung was frequently repeating the lines about a white scepter
stone. Confucius gave him the daughter of his elder brother to wife.
Chi K'ang asked which of the disciples loved to learn. Confucius replied
to him, "There was Yen Hui; he loved to learn. Unfortunately his appointed
time was short, and he died. Now there is no one who loves to learn,
When Yen Yuan died, Yen Lu begged the carriage of the Master to sell
and get an outer shell for his son's coffin.
The Master said, "EveM
ry one calls his son his son, whether he has
talents or has not talents. There was Li; when he died, he had a coffin
but no outer shell. I would not walk on foot to get a shell for him,
because, having followed in the rear of the great officers, it was
not proper that I should walk on foot."
When Yen Yuan died, the Master said, "Alas! Heaven is destroying me!
Heaven is destroying me!"
When Yen Yuan died, the Master bewailed him exceedingly, and the disciples
who were with him said, "Master, your griefM
"Is it excessive?" said he. "If I am not to mourn bitterly for this
man, for whom should I mourn?"
When Yen Yuan died, the disciples wished to give him a great funeral,
and the Master said, "You may not do so."
The disciples did bury him in great style.
The Master said, "Hui behaved towards me as his father. I have not
been able to treat him as my son. The fault is not mine; it belongs
to you, O disciples."
Chi Lu asked about serving the spirits of the dead. The Master said,
hile you are not able to serve men, how can you serve their spirits?"
Chi Lu added, "I venture to ask about death?" He was answered, "While
you do not know life, how can you know about death?"
The disciple Min was standing by his side, looking bland and precise;
Tsze-lu, looking bold and soldierly; Zan Yu and Tsze-kung, with a
free and straightforward manner. The Master was pleased.
He said, "Yu, there!-he will not die a natural death."
Some parties in Lu were going to take down and rebuild the Long TrM
Min Tsze-ch'ien said, "Suppose it were to be repaired after its old
style;-why must it be altered and made anew?"
The Master said, "This man seldom speaks; when he does, he is sure
The Master said, "What has the lute of Yu to do in my door?"
The other disciples began not to respect Tszelu. The Master said,
"Yu has ascended to the hall, though he has not yet passed into the
Tsze-kung asked which of the two, Shih or Shang, was the superior.
er said, "Shih goes beyond the due mean, and Shang does not
"Then," said Tsze-kung, "the superiority is with Shih, I suppose."
The Master said, "To go beyond is as wrong as to fall short."
The head of the Chi family was richer than the duke of Chau had been,
and yet Ch'iu collected his imposts for him, and increased his wealth.
The Master said, "He is no disciple of mine. My little children, beat
the drum and assail him."
Ch'ai is simple. Shan is dull. Shih is specious. Yu is coaM
The Master said, "There is Hui! He has nearly attained to perfect
virtue. He is often in want.
"Ts'ze does not acquiesce in the appointments of Heaven, and his goods
are increased by him. Yet his judgments are often correct."
Tsze-chang asked what were the characteristics of the good man. The
Master said, "He does not tread in the footsteps of others, but moreover,
he does not enter the chamber of the sage."
The Master said, "If, because a man's discourse appears solid and
him to be a good man, is he really a superior man?
or is his gravity only in appearance?"
Tsze-lu asked whether he should immediately carry into practice what
he heard. The Master said, "There are your father and elder brothers
to be consulted;-why should you act on that principle of immediately
carrying into practice what you hear?" Zan Yu asked the same, whether
he should immediately carry into practice what he heard, and the Master
answered, "Immediately carry into practice what you hear." Kung-hsi
a said, "Yu asked whether he should carry immediately into practice
what he heard, and you said, 'There are your father and elder brothers
to be consulted.' Ch'iu asked whether he should immediately carry
into practice what he heard, and you said, 'Carry it immediately into
practice.' I, Ch'ih, am perplexed, and venture to ask you for an explanation."
The Master said, "Ch'iu is retiring and slow; therefore I urged him
forward. Yu has more than his own share of energy; therefore I kept
er was put in fear in K'wang and Yen Yuan fell behind. The
Master, on his rejoining him, said, "I thought you had died." Hui
replied, "While you were alive, how should I presume to die?"
Chi Tsze-zan asked whether Chung Yu and Zan Ch'iu could be called
The Master said, "I thought you would ask about some extraordinary
individuals, and you only ask about Yu and Ch'iu!
"What is called a great minister, is one who serves his prince according
to what is right, and when he finds he cannoM
"Now, as to Yu and Ch'iu, they may be called ordinary ministers."
Tsze-zan said, "Then they will always follow their chief;-win they?"
The Master said, "In an act of parricide or regicide, they would not
Tsze-lu got Tsze-kao appointed governor of Pi.
The Master said, "You are injuring a man's son."
Tsze-lu said, "There are, there, common people and officers; there
are the altars of the spirits of the land and grain. Why must one
read books before he can be considerM
ed to have learned?"
The Master said, "It is on this account that I hate your glib-tongued
Tsze-lu, Tsang Hsi, Zan Yu, and Kunghsi Hwa were sitting by the Master.
He said to them, "Though I am a day or so older than you, do not think
"From day to day you are saying, 'We are not known.' If some ruler
were to know you, what would you like to do?"
Tsze-lu hastily and lightly replied, "Suppose the case of a state
of ten thousand chariots; let it be straitened between other large
cities; let it be suffering from invading armies; and to this let
there be added a famine in corn and in all vegetables:-if I were intrusted
with the government of it, in three years' time I could make the people
to be bold, and to recognize the rules of righteous conduct." The
Master smiled at him.
Turning to Yen Yu, he said, "Ch'iu, what are your wishes?" Ch'iu replied,
"Suppose a state of sixty or seventy li square, or one of fifty or
sixty, and let me have the government of it;-in three years' time,
I could make plenty to abound among the people. As to teaching them
the principles of propriety, and music, I must wait for the rise of
a superior man to do that."
"What are your wishes, Ch'ih," said the Master next to Kung-hsi Hwa.
Ch'ih replied, "I do not say that my ability extends to these things,
but I should wish to learn them. At the services of the ancestral
temple, and at the audiences of the princes with the sovereign, I
should like, dressed in the dark square-made robe and the black linen
, to act as a small assistant."
Last of all, the Master asked Tsang Hsi, "Tien, what are your wishes?"
Tien, pausing as he was playing on his lute, while it was yet twanging,
laid the instrument aside, and "My wishes," he said, "are different
from the cherished purposes of these three gentlemen." "What harm
is there in that?" said the Master; "do you also, as well as they,
speak out your wishes." Tien then said, "In this, the last month of
spring, with the dress of the season all complete, along with fiveM
or six young men who have assumed the cap, and six or seven boys,
I would wash in the I, enjoy the breeze among the rain altars, and
return home singing." The Master heaved a sigh and said, "I give my
The three others having gone out, Tsang Hsi remained behind, and said,
"What do you think of the words of these three friends?" The Master
replied, "They simply told each one his wishes."
Hsi pursued, "Master, why did you smile at Yu?"
He was answered, "The management of a state demM
ands the rules of propriety.
His words were not humble; therefore I smiled at him."
Hsi again said, "But was it not a state which Ch'iu proposed for himself?"
The reply was, "Yes; did you ever see a territory of sixty or seventy
li or one of fifty or sixty, which was not a state?"
Once more, Hsi inquired, "And was it not a state which Ch'ih proposed
for himself?" The Master again replied, "Yes; who but princes have
to do with ancestral temples, and with audiences but the sovereign?
If Ch'ih were to beM
a small assistant in these services, who could
Yen Yuan asked about perfect virtue. The Master said, "To subdue one's self
and return to propriety, is perfect virtue. If a man can for one day subdue
himself and return to propriety, an under heaven will ascribe perfect
virtue to him. Is the practice of perfect virtue from a man himself, or is
Yen Yuan said, "I beg to ask the steps of that process." The Master
replied, "Look not at what is conM
trary to propriety; listen not to what is
contrary to propriety; speak not what is contrary to propriety; make no
movement which is contrary to propriety." Yen Yuan then said, "Though I am
deficient in intelligence and vigor, I will make it my business to practice
Chung-kung asked about perfect virtue. The Master said, "It is, when you go
abroad, to behave to every one as if you were receiving a great guest; to
employ the people as if you were assisting at a great sacrifice; not to do
ers as you would not wish done to yourself; to have no murmuring
against you in the country, and none in the family." Chung-kung said,
"Though I am deficient in intelligence and vigor, I will make it my
business to practice this lesson."
Sze-ma Niu asked about perfect virtue.
The Master said, "The man of perfect virtue is cautious and slow in his
"Cautious and slow in his speech!" said Niu;-"is this what is meant by
perfect virtue?" The Master said, "When a man feels the difficulty of
can he be other than cautious and slow in speaking?"
Sze-ma Niu asked about the superior man. The Master said, "The superior man
has neither anxiety nor fear."
"Being without anxiety or fear!" said Nui;"does this constitute what we
call the superior man?"
The Master said, "When internal examination discovers nothing wrong, what
is there to be anxious about, what is there to fear?"
Sze-ma Niu, full of anxiety, said, "Other men all have their brothers, I
Tsze-hsia said to him, "TherM
e is the following saying which I have
heard-'Death and life have their determined appointment; riches and honors
depend upon Heaven.'
"Let the superior man never fail reverentially to order his own conduct,
and let him be respectful to others and observant of propriety:-then all
within the four seas will be his brothers. What has the superior man to do
with being distressed because he has no brothers?"
Tsze-chang asked what constituted intelligence. The Master said, "He with
whom neither slander thatM
gradually soaks into the mind, nor statements
that startle like a wound in the flesh, are successful may be called
intelligent indeed. Yea, he with whom neither soaking slander, nor
startling statements, are successful, may be called farseeing."
Tsze-kung asked about government. The Master said, "The requisites of
government are that there be sufficiency of food, sufficiency of military
equipment, and the confidence of the people in their ruler."
Tsze-kung said, "If it cannot be helped, and one of theM
se must be dispensed
with, which of the three should be foregone first?" "The military
equipment," said the Master.
Tsze-kung again asked, "If it cannot be helped, and one of the remaining
two must be dispensed with, which of them should be foregone?" The Master
answered, "Part with the food. From of old, death has been the lot of an
men; but if the people have no faith in their rulers, there is no standing
Chi Tsze-ch'ang said, "In a superior man it is only the substantial
which are wanted;-why should we seek for ornamental
Tsze-kung said, "Alas! Your words, sir, show you to be a superior man, but
four horses cannot overtake the tongue. Ornament is as substance; substance
is as ornament. The hide of a tiger or a leopard stripped of its hair, is
like the hide of a dog or a goat stripped of its hair."
The Duke Ai inquired of Yu Zo, saying, "The year is one of scarcity, and
the returns for expenditure are not sufficient;-what is to be done?"
d to him, "Why not simply tithe the people?"
"With two tenths, said the duke, "I find it not enough;-how could I do with
that system of one tenth?"
Yu Zo answered, "If the people have plenty, their prince will not be left
to want alone. If the people are in want, their prince cannot enjoy plenty
Tsze-chang having asked how virtue was to be exalted, and delusions to be
discovered, the Master said, "Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first
principles, and be moving continually to what is right,-thM
"You love a man and wish him to live; you hate him and wish him to die.
Having wished him to live, you also wish him to die. This is a case of
delusion. 'It may not be on account of her being rich, yet you come to make
The Duke Ching, of Ch'i, asked Confucius about government. Confucius
replied, "There is government, when the prince is prince, and the minister
is minister; when the father is father, and the son is son."
"Good!" said the duke; "ifM
, indeed, the prince be not prince, the not
minister, the father not father, and the son not son, although I have my
revenue, can I enjoy it?"
The Master said, "Ah! it is Yu, who could with half a word settle
Tsze-lu never slept over a promise.
The Master said, "In hearing litigations, I am like any other body. What is
necessary, however, is to cause the people to have no litigations."
Tsze-chang asked about government. The Master said, "The art of governing
is to keep its affairs befoM
re the mind without weariness, and to practice
them with undeviating consistency."
The Master said, "By extensively studying all learning, and keeping himself
under the restraint of the rules of propriety, one may thus likewise not
err from what is right."
The Master said, "The superior man seeks to perfect the admirable qualities
of men, and does not seek to perfect their bad qualities. The mean man does
the opposite of this."
Chi K'ang asked Confucius about government. Confucius replied, "To govern
means to rectify. If you lead on the people with correctness, who will dare
Chi K'ang, distressed about the number of thieves in the state, inquired of
Confucius how to do away with them. Confucius said, "If you, sir, were not
covetous, although you should reward them to do it, they would not steal."
Chi K'ang asked Confucius about government, saying, "What do you say to
killing the unprincipled for the good of the principled?" Confucius
replied, "Sir, in carrying on your governmentM
, why should you use killing
at all? Let your evinced desires be for what is good, and the people will
be good. The relation between superiors and inferiors is like that between
the wind and the grass. The grass must bend, when the wind blows across
Tsze-chang asked, "What must the officer be, who may be said to be
The Master said, "What is it you call being distinguished?"
Tsze-chang replied, "It is to be heard of through the state, to be heard of
throughout his clan."
Master said, "That is notoriety, not distinction.
"Now the man of distinction is solid and straightforward, and loves
righteousness. He examines people's words, and looks at their countenances.
He is anxious to humble himself to others. Such a man will be distinguished
in the country; he will be distinguished in his clan.
"As to the man of notoriety, he assumes the appearance of virtue, but his
actions are opposed to it, and he rests in this character without any
doubts about himself. Such a man will be hM
eard of in the country; he will
be heard of in the clan."
Fan Ch'ih rambling with the Master under the trees about the rain altars,
said, "I venture to ask how to exalt virtue, to correct cherished evil, and
to discover delusions."
The Master said, "Truly a good question!
"If doing what is to be done be made the first business, and success a
secondary consideration:-is not this the way to exalt virtue? To assail
one's own wickedness and not assail that of others;-is not this the way to
ed evil? For a morning's anger to disregard one's own life,
and involve that of his parents;-is not this a case of delusion?"
Fan Ch'ih asked about benevolence. The Master said, "It is to love all
men." He asked about knowledge. The Master said, "It is to know all men."
Fan Ch'ih did not immediately understand these answers.
The Master said, "Employ the upright and put aside all the crooked; in this
way the crooked can be made to be upright."
Fan Ch'ih retired, and, seeing Tsze-hsia, he said to him, "AM
ago, I had an interview with our Master, and asked him about knowledge. He
said, 'Employ the upright, and put aside all the crooked;-in this way, the
crooked will be made to be upright.' What did he mean?"
Tsze-hsia said, "Truly rich is his saying!
"Shun, being in possession of the kingdom, selected from among all the
people, and employed Kai-yao-on which all who were devoid of virtue
disappeared. T'ang, being in possession of the kingdom, selected from among
all the people, and employed I M
Yin-and an who were devoid of virtue
Tsze-kung asked about friendship. The Master said, "Faithfully admonish
your friend, and skillfully lead him on. If you find him impracticable,
stop. Do not disgrace yourself."
The philosopher Tsang said, "The superior man on grounds of culture meets
with his friends, and by friendship helps his virtue."
Tsze-lu asked about government. The Master said, "Go before the people with
your example, and be laborious in their affairs."
quested further instruction, and was answered, "Be not weary in these
Chung-kung, being chief minister to the head of the Chi family, asked about
government. The Master said, "Employ first the services of your various
officers, pardon small faults, and raise to office men of virtue and
Chung-kung said, "How shall I know the men of virtue and talent, so that I
may raise them to office?" He was answered, "Raise to office those whom you
know. As to those whom you do not know, will othersM
Tsze-lu said, "The ruler of Wei has been waiting for you, in order with you
to administer the government. What will you consider the first thing to be
The Master replied, "What is necessary is to rectify names."
"So! indeed!" said Tsze-lu. "You are wide of the mark! Why must there be
such rectification?"
The Master said, "How uncultivated you are, Yu! A superior man, in regard
to what he does not know, shows a cautious reserve.
"If names be not correct, language is not in accM
ordance with the truth of
things. If language be not in accordance with the truth of things, affairs
cannot be carried on to success.
"When affairs cannot be carried on to success, proprieties and music do not
flourish. When proprieties and music do not flourish, punishments will not
be properly awarded. When punishments are not properly awarded, the people
do not know how to move hand or foot.
"Therefore a superior man considers it necessary that the names he uses may
be spoken appropriately, and also M
that what he speaks may be carried out
appropriately. What the superior man requires is just that in his words
there may be nothing incorrect."
Fan Ch'ih requested to be taught husbandry. The Master said, "I am not so
good for that as an old husbandman." He requested also to be taught
gardening, and was answered, "I am not so good for that as an old
Fan Ch'ih having gone out, the Master said, "A small man, indeed, is Fan
Hsu! If a superior man love propriety, the people will not dare not to M
reverent. If he love righteousness, the people will not dare not to submit
to his example. If he love good faith, the people will not dare not to be
sincere. Now, when these things obtain, the people from all quarters will
come to him, bearing their children on their backs; what need has he of a
knowledge of husbandry?"
The Master said, "Though a man may be able to recite the three hundred
odes, yet if, when intrusted with a governmental charge, he knows not how
to act, or if, when sent to any quarter M
on a mission, he cannot give his
replies unassisted, notwithstanding the extent of his learning, of what
practical use is it?"
The Master said, "When a prince's personal conduct is correct, his
government is effective without the issuing of orders. If his personal
conduct is not correct, he may issue orders, but they will not be
The Master said, "The governments of Lu and Wei are brothers."
The Master said of Ching, a scion of the ducal family of Wei, that he knew
the economy of a family wM
ell. When he began to have means, he said, "Ha!
here is a collection-!" When they were a little increased, he said, "Ha!
this is complete!" When he had become rich, he said, "Ha! this is
When the Master went to Weil Zan Yu acted as driver of his carriage.
The Master observed, "How numerous are the people!"
Yu said, "Since they are thus numerous, what more shall be done for them?"
"Enrich them, was the reply.
"And when they have been enriched, what more shall be done?" The Master
The Master said, "If there were any of the princes who would employ me, in
the course of twelve months, I should have done something considerable. In
three years, the government would be perfected."
The Master said, "'If good men were to govern a country in succession for a
hundred years, they would be able to transform the violently bad, and
dispense with capital punishments.' True indeed is this saying!"
The Master said, "If a truly royal ruler were to arise, it would stir
tion, and then virtue would prevail."
The Master said, "If a minister make his own conduct correct, what
difficulty will he have in assisting in government? If he cannot rectify
himself, what has he to do with rectifying others?"
The disciple Zan returning from the court, the Master said to him, "How are
you so late?" He replied, "We had government business." The Master said,
"It must have been family affairs. If there had been government business,
though I am not now in office, I should have been conM
The Duke Ting asked whether there was a single sentence which could make a
country prosperous. Confucius replied, "Such an effect cannot be expected
"There is a saying, however, which people have -'To be a prince is
difficult; to be a minister is not easy.'
"If a ruler knows this,-the difficulty of being a prince,-may there not be
expected from this one sentence the prosperity of his country?"
The duke then said, "Is there a single sentence which can ruin a countM
Confucius replied, "Such an effect as that cannot be expected from one
sentence. There is, however, the saying which people have-'I have no
pleasure in being a prince, but only in that no one can offer any
opposition to what I say!'
"If a ruler's words be good, is it not also good that no one oppose them?
But if they are not good, and no one opposes them, may there not be
expected from this one sentence the ruin of his country?"
The Duke of Sheh asked about government.
The Master said, "Good goverM
nment obtains when those who are near are made
happy, and those who are far off are attracted."
Tsze-hsia! being governor of Chu-fu, asked about government. The Master
said, "Do not be desirous to have things done quickly; do not look at small
advantages. Desire to have things done quickly prevents their being done
thoroughly. Looking at small advantages prevents great affairs from being
The Duke of Sheh informed Confucius, saying, "Among us here there are those
who may be styled upright M
in their conduct. If their father have stolen a
sheep, they will bear witness to the fact."
Confucius said, "Among us, in our part of the country, those who are
upright are different from this. The father conceals the misconduct of the
son, and the son conceals the misconduct of the father. Uprightness is to
Fan Ch'ih asked about perfect virtue. The Master said, "It is, in
retirement, to be sedately grave; in the management of business, to be
reverently attentive; in intercourse with M
others, to be strictly sincere.
Though a man go among rude, uncultivated tribes, these qualities may not be
Tsze-kung asked, saying, "What qualities must a man possess to entitle him
to be called an officer? The Master said, "He who in his conduct of himself
maintains a sense of shame, and when sent to any quarter will not disgrace
his prince's commission, deserves to be called an officer."
Tsze-kung pursued, "I venture to ask who may be placed in the next lower
rank?" And he was told, "He M
whom the circle of his relatives pronounce to
be filial, whom his fellow villagers and neighbors pronounce to be
Again the disciple asked, "I venture to ask about the class still next in
order." The Master said, "They are determined to be sincere in what they
say, and to carry out what they do. They are obstinate little men. Yet
perhaps they may make the next class."
Tsze-kung finally inquired, "Of what sort are those of the present day, who
engage in government?" The Master said "Pooh! theM
y are so many pecks and
hampers, not worth being taken into account."
The Master said, "Since I cannot get men pursuing the due medium, to whom I
might communicate my instructions, I must find the ardent and the
cautiously-decided. The ardent will advance and lay hold of truth; the
cautiously-decided will keep themselves from what is wrong."
The Master said, "The people of the south have a saying -'A man without
constancy cannot be either a wizard or a doctor.' Good!
"Inconstant in his virtue, he willM
be visited with disgrace."
The Master said, "This arises simply from not attending to the
The Master said, "The superior man is affable, but not adulatory; the mean
man is adulatory, but not affable."
Tsze-kung asked, saying, "What do you say of a man who is loved by all the
people of his neighborhood?" The Master replied, "We may not for that
accord our approval of him." "And what do you say of him who is hated by
all the people of his neighborhood?" The Master said, "We may not forM
conclude that he is bad. It is better than either of these cases that the
good in the neighborhood love him, and the bad hate him."
The Master said, "The superior man is easy to serve and difficult to
please. If you try to please him in any way which is not accordant with
right, he will not be pleased. But in his employment of men, he uses them
according to their capacity. The mean man is difficult to serve, and easy
to please. If you try to please him, though it be in a way which is not
nt with right, he may be pleased. But in his employment of men, he
wishes them to be equal to everything."
The Master said, "The superior man has a dignified ease without pride. The
mean man has pride without a dignified ease."
The Master said, "The firm, the enduring, the simple, and the modest are
Tsze-lu asked, saying, "What qualities must a man possess to entitle him to
be called a scholar?" The Master said, "He must be thus,-earnest, urgent,
and bland:-among his friends, earnest M
and urgent; among his brethren,
The Master said, "Let a good man teach the people seven years, and they may
then likewise be employed in war."
The Master said, "To lead an uninstructed people to war, is to throw them
Hsien asked what was shameful. The Master said, "When good government
prevails in a state, to be thinking only of salary; and, when bad
government prevails, to be thinking, in the same way, only of salary;-this
"When the love of superiority,M
boasting, resentments, and covetousness are
repressed, this may be deemed perfect virtue."
The Master said, "This may be regarded as the achievement of what is
difficult. But I do not know that it is to be deemed perfect virtue."
The Master said, "The scholar who cherishes the love of comfort is not fit
to be deemed a scholar."
The Master said, "When good government prevails in a state, language may be
lofty and bold, and actions the same. When bad government prevails, the
actions may be lofty and boM
ld, but the language may be with some reserve."
The Master said, "The virtuous will be sure to speak correctly, but those
whose speech is good may not always be virtuous. Men of principle are sure
to be bold, but those who are bold may not always be men of principle."
Nan-kung Kwo, submitting an inquiry to Confucius, said, "I was skillful at
archery, and Ao could move a boat along upon the land, but neither of them
died a natural death. Yu and Chi personally wrought at the toils of
husbandry, and they beM
came possessors of the kingdom." The Master made no
reply; but when Nan-kung Kwo went out, he said, "A superior man indeed is
this! An esteemer of virtue indeed is this!"
The Master said, "Superior men, and yet not always virtuous, there have
been, alas! But there never has been a mean man, and, at the same time,
The Master said, "Can there be love which does not lead to strictness with
its object? Can there be loyalty which does not lead to the instruction of
"In preparing the governmental notifications, P'i Shan
first made the rough draft; Shi-shu examined and discussed its contents;
Tsze-yu, the manager of foreign intercourse, then polished the style; and,
finally, Tsze-ch'an of Tung-li gave it the proper elegance and finish."
Some one asked about Tsze-ch'an. The Master said, "He was a kind man."
He asked about Tsze-hsi. The Master said, "That man! That man!"
He asked about Kwan Chung. "For him," said the Master, "the city of Pien,
with three hundred familM
ies, was taken from the chief of the Po family, who
did not utter a murmuring word, though, to the end of his life, he had only
coarse rice to eat."
The Master said, "To be poor without murmuring is difficult. To be rich
without being proud is easy."
The Master said, "Mang Kung-ch'o is more than fit to be chief officer in
the families of Chao and Wei, but he is not fit to be great officer to
either of the states Tang or Hsieh."
Tsze-lu asked what constituted a COMPLETE man. The Master said, "Suppose aM
man with the knowledge of Tsang Wu-chung, the freedom from covetousness of
Kung-ch'o, the bravery of Chwang of Pien, and the varied talents of Zan
Ch'iu; add to these the accomplishments of the rules of propriety and
music;-such a one might be reckoned a Complete man."
He then added, "But what is the necessity for a complete man of the present
day to have all these things? The man, who in the view of gain, thinks of
righteousness; who in the view of danger is prepared to give up his life;
ot forget an old agreement however far back it extends:-such
a man may be reckoned a COMPLETE man."
The Master asked Kung-ming Chia about Kung-shu Wan, saying, "Is it true
that your master speaks not, laughs not, and takes not?"
Kung-ming Chia replied, "This has arisen from the reporters going beyond
the truth.-My master speaks when it is the time to speak, and so men do not
get tired of his speaking. He laughs when there is occasion to be joyful,
and so men do not get tired of his laughing. He takes wheM
with righteousness to do so, and so men do not get tired of his taking."
The Master said, "So! But is it so with him?"
The Master said, "Tsang Wu-chung, keeping possession of Fang, asked of the
duke of Lu to appoint a successor to him in his family. Although it may be
said that he was not using force with his sovereign, I believe he was."
The Master said, "The duke Wan of Tsin was crafty and not upright. The duke
Hwan of Ch'i was upright and not crafty."
Tsze-lu said, "The Duke HwanM
caused his brother Chiu to be killed, when
Shao Hu died, with his master, but Kwan Chung did not die. May not I say
that he was wanting in virtue?"
The Master said, "The Duke Hwan assembled all the princes together, and
that not with weapons of war and chariots:-it was all through the influence
of Kwan Chung. Whose beneficence was like his? Whose beneficence was like
Tsze-kung said, "Kwan Chung, I apprehend was wanting in virtue. When the
Duke Hwan caused his brother Chiu to be killed, Kwan ChunM
die with him. Moreover, he became prime minister to Hwan."
The Master said, "Kwan Chung acted as prime minister to the Duke Hwan made
him leader of all the princes, and united and rectified the whole kingdom.
Down to the present day, the people enjoy the gifts which he conferred. But
for Kwan Chung, we should now be wearing our hair unbound, and the lappets
of our coats buttoning on the left side.
"Will you require from him the small fidelity of common men and common
ommit suicide in a stream or ditch, no one knowing
anything about them?"
The great officer, Hsien, who had been family minister to Kung-shu Wan,
ascended to the prince's court in company with Wan.
The Master, having heard of it, said, "He deserved to be considered WAN
(the accomplished)."
The Master was speaking about the unprincipled course of the duke Ling of
Weil when Ch'i K'ang said, "Since he is of such a character, how is it he
does not lose his state?"
Confucius said, "The Chung-shu Yu has M
the superintendence of his guests and
of strangers; the litanist, T'o, has the management of his ancestral
temple; and Wang-sun Chia has the direction of the army and forces:-with
such officers as these, how should he lose his state?"
The Master said, "He who speaks without modesty will find it difficult to
make his words good."
Chan Ch'ang murdered the Duke Chien of Ch'i.
Confucius bathed, went to court and informed the Duke Ai, saying, "Chan
Hang has slain his sovereign. I beg that you will undertaM
The duke said, "Inform the chiefs of the three families of it."
Confucius retired, and said, "Following in the rear of the great officers,
I did not dare not to represent such a matter, and my prince says, "Inform
the chiefs of the three families of it."
He went to the chiefs, and informed them, but they would not act. Confucius
then said, "Following in the rear of the great officers, I did not dare not
to represent such a matter."
Tsze-lu asked how a ruler should be served. The MM
aster said, "Do not impose
on him, and, moreover, withstand him to his face."
The Master said, "The progress of the superior man is upwards; the progress
of the mean man is downwards."
The Master said, "In ancient times, men learned with a view to their own
improvement. Nowadays, men learn with a view to the approbation of others."
Chu Po-yu sent a messenger with friendly inquiries to Confucius.
Confucius sat with him, and questioned him. "What," said he! "is your
master engaged in?" The messenger reM
plied, "My master is anxious to make
his faults few, but he has not yet succeeded." He then went out, and the
Master said, "A messenger indeed! A messenger indeed!"
The Master said, "He who is not in any particular office has nothing to do
with plans for the administration of its duties."
The philosopher Tsang said, "The superior man, in his thoughts, does not go
The Master said, "The superior man is modest in his speech, but exceeds in
The Master said, "The way oM
f the superior man is threefold, but I am not
equal to it. Virtuous, he is free from anxieties; wise, he is free from
perplexities; bold, he is free from fear.
Tsze-kung said, "Master, that is what you yourself say."
Tsze-kung was in the habit of comparing men together. The Master said,
"Tsze must have reached a high pitch of excellence! Now, I have not leisure
The Master said, "I will not be concerned at men's not knowing me; I will
be concerned at my own want of ability."
d, "He who does not anticipate attempts to deceive him, nor
think beforehand of his not being believed, and yet apprehends these things
readily when they occur;-is he not a man of superior worth?"
Wei-shang Mau said to Confucius, "Ch'iu, how is it that you keep roosting
about? Is it not that you are an insinuating talker?
Confucius said, "I do not dare to play the part of such a talker, but I
The Master said, "A horse is called a ch'i, not because of its strength,
but because of its oM
ther good qualities."
Some one said, "What do you say concerning the principle that injury should
be recompensed with kindness?"
The Master said, "With what then will you recompense kindness?"
"Recompense injury with justice, and recompense kindness with kindness."
The Master said, "Alas! there is no one that knows me."
Tsze-kung said, "What do you mean by thus saying-that no one knows you?"
The Master replied, "I do not murmur against Heaven. I do not grumble
against men. My studies lie low, and my M
penetration rises high. But there
is Heaven;-that knows me!"
The Kung-po Liao, having slandered Tsze-lu to Chi-sun, Tsze-fu Ching-po
informed Confucius of it, saying, "Our master is certainly being led astray
by the Kung-po Liao, but I have still power enough left to cut Liao off,
and expose his corpse in the market and in the court."
The Master said, "If my principles are to advance, it is so ordered. If
they are to fall to the ground, it is so ordered. What can the Kung-po Liao
do where such orderingM
The Master said, "Some men of worth retire from the world. Some retire from
particular states. Some retire because of disrespectful looks. Some retire
because of contradictory language."
The Master said, "Those who have done this are seven men."
Tsze-lu happening to pass the night in Shih-man, the gatekeeper said to
him, "Whom do you come from?" Tsze-lu said, "From Mr. K'ung." "It is he,-is
it not?"-said the other, "who knows the impracticable nature of the times
and yet will be doing inM
The Master was playing, one day, on a musical stone in Weil when a man
carrying a straw basket passed door of the house where Confucius was, and
said, "His heart is full who so beats the musical stone."
A little while after, he added, "How contemptible is the one-ideaed
obstinacy those sounds display! When one is taken no notice of, he has
simply at once to give over his wish for public employment. 'Deep water
must be crossed with the clothes on; shallow water may be crossed with the
The Master said, "How determined is he in his purpose! But this is not
Tsze-chang said, "What is meant when the Shu says that Kao-tsung, while
observing the usual imperial mourning, was for three years without
The Master said, "Why must Kao-tsung be referred to as an example of this?
The ancients all did so. When the sovereign died, the officers all attended
to their several duties, taking instructions from the prime minister for
The Master said, "WM
hen rulers love to observe the rules of propriety, the
people respond readily to the calls on them for service."
Tsze-lu asked what constituted the superior man. The Master said, "The
cultivation of himself in reverential carefulness." "And is this all?" said
Tsze-lu. "He cultivates himself so as to give rest to others," was the
reply. "And is this all?" again asked Tsze-lu. The Master said, "He
cultivates himself so as to give rest to all the people. He cultivates
himself so as to give rest to all the pM
eople:-even Yao and Shun were still
solicitous about this."
Yuan Zang was squatting on his heels, and so waited the approach of the
Master, who said to him, "In youth not humble as befits a junior; in
manhood, doing nothing worthy of being handed down; and living on to old
age:-this is to be a pest." With this he hit him on the shank with his
A youth of the village of Ch'ueh was employed by Confucius to carry the
messages between him and his visitors. Some one asked about him, saying, "I
e he has made great progress."
The Master said, "I observe that he is fond of occupying the seat of a
full-grown man; I observe that he walks shoulder to shoulder with his
elders. He is not one who is seeking to make progress in learning. He
wishes quickly to become a man."
The Duke Ling of Wei asked Confucius about tactics. Confucius replied, "I
have heard all about sacrificial vessels, but I have not learned military
matters." On this, he took his departure the next day.
Chan, their provisions were exhausted, and his followers
became so in that they were unable to rise.
Tsze-lu, with evident dissatisfaction, said, "Has the superior man likewise
to endure in this way?" The Master said, "The superior man may indeed have
to endure want, but the mean man, when he is in want, gives way to
The Master said, "Ts'ze, you think, I suppose, that I am one who learns
many things and keeps them in memory?"
Tsze-kung replied, "Yes,-but perhaps it is not so?"
No," was the answer; "I seek a unity all pervading."
The Master said, "Yu I those who know virtue are few."
The Master said, "May not Shun be instanced as having governed efficiently
without exertion? What did he do? He did nothing but gravely and reverently
occupy his royal seat."
Tsze-chang asked how a man should conduct himself, so as to be everywhere
The Master said, "Let his words be sincere and truthful and his actions
honorable and careful;-such conduct may be practiced among the ruM
of the South or the North. If his words be not sincere and truthful and his
actions not honorable and carefull will he, with such conduct, be
appreciated, even in his neighborhood?
"When he is standing, let him see those two things, as it were, fronting
him. When he is in a carriage, let him see them attached to the yoke. Then
may he subsequently carry them into practice."
Tsze-chang wrote these counsels on the end of his sash.
The Master said, "Truly straightforward was the historiographer YuM
good government prevailed in his state, he was like an arrow. When bad
government prevailed, he was like an arrow. A superior man indeed is Chu
Po-yu! When good government prevails in his state, he is to be found in
office. When bad government prevails, he can roll his principles up, and
keep them in his breast."
The Master said, "When a man may be spoken with, not to speak to him is to
err in reference to the man. When a man may not be spoken with, to speak to
him is to err in reference to our worM
ds. The wise err neither in regard to
their man nor to their words."
The Master said, "The determined scholar and the man of virtue will not
seek to live at the expense of injuring their virtue. They will even
sacrifice their lives to preserve their virtue complete."
Tsze-kung asked about the practice of virtue. The Master said, "The
mechanic, who wishes to do his work well, must first sharpen his tools.
When you are living in any state, take service with the most worthy among
its great officers, and M
make friends of the most virtuous among its
Yen Yuan asked how the government of a country should be administered.
The Master said, "Follow the seasons of Hsia.
"Ride in the state carriage of Yin.
"Wear the ceremonial cap of Chau.
"Let the music be the Shao with its pantomimes. Banish the songs of Chang,
and keep far from specious talkers. The songs of Chang are licentious;
specious talkers are dangerous."
The Master said, "If a man take no thought about what is distant, he will
The Master said, "It is all over! I have not seen one who loves virtue as
The Master said, "Was not Tsang Wan like one who had stolen his situation?
He knew the virtue and the talents of Hui of Liu-hsia, and yet did not
procure that he should stand with him in court."
The Master said, "He who requires much from himself and little from others,
will keep himself from being the object of resentment."
The Master said, "When a man is not in the habit of saying-'What M
think of this? What shall I think of this?' I can indeed do nothing with
The Master said, "When a number of people are together, for a whole day,
without their conversation turning on righteousness, and when they are fond
of carrying out the suggestions of a small shrewdness;-theirs is indeed a
The Master said, "The superior man in everything considers righteousness to
be essential. He performs it according to the rules of propriety. He brings
it forth in humility. He completeM
s it with sincerity. This is indeed a
The Master said, "The superior man is distressed by his want of ability. He
is not distressed by men's not knowing him."
The Master said, "The superior man dislikes the thought of his name not
being mentioned after his death."
The Master said, "What the superior man seeks, is in himself. What the mean
man seeks, is in others."
The Master said, "The superior man is dignified, but does not wrangle. He
is sociable, but not a partisan."
said, "The superior man does not promote a man simply on account
of his words, nor does he put aside good words because of the man."
Tsze-kung asked, saying, "Is there one word which may serve as a rule of
practice for all one's life?" The Master said, "Is not Reciprocity such a
word? What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others."
The Master said, "In my dealings with men, whose evil do I blame, whose
goodness do I praise, beyond what is proper? If I do sometimes exceed in
st be ground for it in my examination of the individual.
"This people supplied the ground why the three dynasties pursued the path
of straightforwardness."
The Master said, "Even in my early days, a historiographer would leave a
blank in his text, and he who had a horse would lend him to another to
ride. Now, alas! there are no such things."
The Master said, "Specious words confound virtue. Want of forbearance in
small matters confounds great plans."
The Master said, "When the multitude hate a man, M
it is necessary to examine
into the case. When the multitude like a man, it is necessary to examine
The Master said, "A man can enlarge the principles which he follows; those
principles do not enlarge the man."
The Master said, "To have faults and not to reform them,-this, indeed,
should be pronounced having faults."
The Master said, "I have been the whole day without eating, and the whole
night without sleeping:-occupied with thinking. It was of no use. better
he Master said, "The object of the superior man is truth. Food is not his
object. There is plowing;-even in that there is sometimes want. So with
learning;-emolument may be found in it. The superior man is anxious lest he
should not get truth; he is not anxious lest poverty should come upon him."
The Master said, "When a man's knowledge is sufficient to attain, and his
virtue is not sufficient to enable him to hold, whatever he may have
gained, he will lose again.
"When his knowledge is sufficient to attM
ain, and he has virtue enough to
hold fast, if he cannot govern with dignity, the people will not respect
"When his knowledge is sufficient to attain, and he has virtue enough to
hold fast; when he governs also with dignity, yet if he try to move the
people contrary to the rules of propriety:-full excellence is not reached."
The Master said, "The superior man cannot be known in little matters; but
he may be intrusted with great concerns. The small man may not be intrusted
with great concerns, but hM
e may be known in little matters."
The Master said, "Virtue is more to man than either water or fire. I have
seen men die from treading on water and fire, but I have never seen a man
die from treading the course of virtue."
The Master said, "Let every man consider virtue as what devolves on
himself. He may not yield the performance of it even to his teacher."
The Master said, "The superior man is correctly firm, and not firm merely."
The Master said, "A minister, in serving his prince, reverently disM
his duties, and makes his emolument a secondary consideration."
The Master said, "In teaching there should be no distinction of classes."
The Master said, "Those whose courses are different cannot lay plans for
The Master said, "In language it is simply required that it convey the
The music master, Mien, having called upon him, when they came to the
steps, the Master said, "Here are the steps." When they came to the mat for
the guest to sit upon, he said, "Here is thM
e mat." When all were seated,
the Master informed him, saying, "So and so is here; so and so is here."
The music master, Mien, having gone out, Tsze-chang asked, saying. "Is it
the rule to tell those things to the music master?"
The Master said, "Yes. This is certainly the rule for those who lead the
The head of the Chi family was going to attack Chwan-yu.
Zan Yu and Chi-lu had an interview with Confucius, and said, "Our chief,
Chil is going to commence operations agM
Confucius said, "Ch'iu, is it not you who are in fault here?
"Now, in regard to Chwan-yu, long ago, a former king appointed its ruler to
preside over the sacrifices to the eastern Mang; moreover, it is in the
midst of the territory of our state; and its ruler is a minister in direct
connection with the sovereign: What has your chief to do with attacking it?
Zan Yu said, "Our master wishes the thing; neither of us two ministers
Confucius said, "Ch'iu, there are the wordM
s of Chau Zan, -'When he can put
forth his ability, he takes his place in the ranks of office; when he finds
himself unable to do so, he retires from it. How can he be used as a guide
to a blind man, who does not support him when tottering, nor raise him up
"And further, you speak wrongly. When a tiger or rhinoceros escapes from
his cage; when a tortoise or piece of jade is injured in its
repository:-whose is the fault?"
Zan Yu said, "But at present, Chwan-yu is strong and near to Pi; if oM
chief do not now take it, it will hereafter be a sorrow to his
Confucius said. "Ch'iu, the superior man hates those declining to say-'I
want such and such a thing,' and framing explanations for their conduct.
"I have heard that rulers of states and chiefs of families are not troubled
lest their people should be few, but are troubled lest they should not keep
their several places; that they are not troubled with fears of poverty, but
are troubled with fears of a want of contented reposeM
among the people in
their several places. For when the people keep their several places, there
will be no poverty; when harmony prevails, there will be no scarcity of
people; and when there is such a contented repose, there will be no
rebellious upsettings.
"So it is.-Therefore, if remoter people are not submissive, all the
influences of civil culture and virtue are to be cultivated to attract them
to be so; and when they have been so attracted, they must be made contented
you, Yu and Ch'iu, assisting your chief. Remoter people are
not submissive, and, with your help, he cannot attract them to him. In his
own territory there are divisions and downfalls, leavings and separations,
and, with your help, he cannot preserve it.
"And yet he is planning these hostile movements within the state.-I am
afraid that the sorrow of the Chi-sun family will not be on account of
Chwan-yu, but will be found within the screen of their own court."
Confucius said, "When good government prevailM
s in the empire, ceremonies,
music, and punitive military expeditions proceed from the son of Heaven.
When bad government prevails in the empire, ceremonies, music, and punitive
military expeditions proceed from the princes. When these things proceed
from the princes, as a rule, the cases will be few in which they do not
lose their power in ten generations. When they proceed from the great
officers of the princes, as a rule, the case will be few in which they do
not lose their power in five generations. M
When the subsidiary ministers of
the great officers hold in their grasp the orders of the state, as a rule
the cases will be few in which they do not lose their power in three
"When right principles prevail in the kingdom, government will not be in
the hands of the great officers.
"When right principles prevail in the kingdom, there will be no discussions
among the common people."
Confucius said, "The revenue of the state has left the ducal house now for
five generations. The governmentM
has been in the hands of the great
officers for four generations. On this account, the descendants of the
three Hwan are much reduced."
Confucius said, "There are three friendships which are advantageous, and
three which are injurious. Friendship with the uplight; friendship with the
sincere; and friendship with the man of much observation:-these are
advantageous. Friendship with the man of specious airs; friendship with the
insinuatingly soft; and friendship with the glib-tongued:-these are
Confucius said, "There are three things men find enjoyment in which are
advantageous, and three things they find enjoyment in which are injurious.
To find enjoyment in the discriminating study of ceremonies and music; to
find enjoyment in speaking of the goodness of others; to find enjoyment in
having many worthy friends:-these are advantageous. To find enjoyment in
extravagant pleasures; to find enjoyment in idleness and sauntering; to
find enjoyment in the pleasures of feasting:-these are injurious."
Confucius said, "There are three errors to which they who stand in the
presence of a man of virtue and station are liable. They may speak when it
does not come to them to speak;-this is called rashness. They may not speak
when it comes to them to speak;-this is called concealment. They may speak
without looking at the countenance of their superior;-this is called
Confucius said, "There are three things which the superior man guards
against. In youth, when the physical powers are not yet settM
against lust. When he is strong and the physical powers are full of vigor,
he guards against quarrelsomeness. When he is old, and the animal powers
are decayed, he guards against covetousness."
Confucius said, "There are three things of which the superior man stands in
awe. He stands in awe of the ordinances of Heaven. He stands in awe of
great men. He stands in awe of the words of sages.
"The mean man does not know the ordinances of Heaven, and consequently does
not stand in awe of them.M
He is disrespectful to great men. He makes sport
of the words of sages."
Confucius said, "Those who are born with the possession of knowledge are
the highest class of men. Those who learn, and so readily get possession of
knowledge, are the next. Those who are dull and stupid, and yet compass the
learning, are another class next to these. As to those who are dull and
stupid and yet do not learn;-they are the lowest of the people."
Confucius said, "The superior man has nine things which are subjects withM
him of thoughtful consideration. In regard to the use of his eyes, he is
anxious to see clearly. In regard to the use of his ears, he is anxious to
hear distinctly. In regard to his countenance, he is anxious that it should
be benign. In regard to his demeanor, he is anxious that it should be
respectful. In regard to his speech, he is anxious that it should be
sincere. In regard to his doing of business, he is anxious that it should
be reverently careful. In regard to what he doubts about, he is anxious tM
question others. When he is angry, he thinks of the difficulties his anger
may involve him in. When he sees gain to be got, he thinks of
Confucius said, "Contemplating good, and pursuing it, as if they could not
reach it; contemplating evil! and shrinking from it, as they would from
thrusting the hand into boiling water:-I have seen such men, as I have
"Living in retirement to study their aims, and practicing righteousness to
carry out their principles:-I have heardM
these words, but I have not seen
The Duke Ching of Ch'i had a thousand teams, each of four horses, but on
the day of his death, the people did not praise him for a single virtue.
Po-i and Shu-ch'i died of hunger at the foot of the Shau-yang mountains,
and the people, down to the present time, praise them.
"Is not that saying illustrated by this?"
Ch'an K'ang asked Po-yu, saying, "Have you heard any lessons from your
father different from what we have all heard?"
Po-yu replied, "No. He wM
as standing alone once, when I passed below the
hall with hasty steps, and said to me, 'Have you learned the Odes?' On my
replying 'Not yet,' he added, If you do not learn the Odes, you will not be
fit to converse with.' I retired and studied the Odes.
"Another day, he was in the same way standing alone, when I passed by below
the hall with hasty steps, and said to me, 'Have you learned the rules of
Propriety?' On my replying 'Not yet,' he added, 'If you do not learn the
rules of Propriety, your character M
cannot be established.' I then retired,
and learned the rules of Propriety.
"I have heard only these two things from him."
Ch'ang K'ang retired, and, quite delighted, said, "I asked one thing, and I
have got three things. I have heard about the Odes. I have heard about the
rules of Propriety. I have also heard that the superior man maintains a
distant reserve towards his son."
The wife of the prince of a state is called by him Fu Zan. She calls
herself Hsiao T'ung. The people of the state call her Chun M
the people of other states, they call her K'wa Hsiao Chun. The people of
other states also call her Chun Fu Zan.
Yang Ho wished to see Confucius, but Confucius would not go to see him. On
this, he sent a present of a pig to Confucius, who, having chosen a time
when Ho was not at home went to pay his respects for the gift. He met him,
however, on the way.
Ho said to Confucius, "Come, let me speak with you." He then asked, "Can he
be called benevolent who keeps his jewel in hiM
s bosom, and leaves his
country to confusion?" Confucius replied, "No." "Can he be called wise, who
is anxious to be engaged in public employment, and yet is constantly losing
the opportunity of being so?" Confucius again said, "No." "The days and
months are passing away; the years do not wait for us." Confucius said,
"Right; I will go into office."
The Master said, "By nature, men are nearly alike; by practice, they get to
The Master said, "There are only the wise of the highest class,M
stupid of the lowest class, who cannot be changed."
The Master, having come to Wu-ch'ang, heard there the sound of stringed
instruments and singing.
Well pleased and smiling, he said, "Why use an ox knife to kill a fowl?"
Tsze-yu replied, "Formerly, Master, I heard you say,-'When the man of high
station is well instructed, he loves men; when the man of low station is
well instructed, he is easily ruled.'"
The Master said, "My disciples, Yen's words are right. What I said was only
Kung-shan Fu-zao, when he was holding Pi, and in an attitude of rebellion,
invited the Master to visit him, who was rather inclined to go.
Tsze-lu was displeased. and said, "Indeed, you cannot go! Why must you
think of going to see Kung-shan?"
The Master said, "Can it be without some reason that he has invited ME? If
any one employ me, may I not make an eastern Chau?"
Tsze-chang asked Confucius about perfect virtue. Confucius said, "To be
able to practice five things everywhere under heaven constiM
virtue." He begged to ask what they were, and was told, "Gravity,
generosity of soul, sincerity, earnestness, and kindness. If you are grave,
you will not be treated with disrespect. If you are generous, you will win
all. If you are sincere, people will repose trust in you. If you are
earnest, you will accomplish much. If you are kind, this will enable you to
employ the services of others.
Pi Hsi inviting him to visit him, the Master was inclined to go.
Tsze-lu said, "Master, formerly I haM
ve heard you say, 'When a man in his
own person is guilty of doing evil, a superior man will not associate with
him.' Pi Hsi is in rebellion, holding possession of Chung-mau; if you go to
him, what shall be said?"
The Master said, "Yes, I did use these words. But is it not said, that, if
a thing be really hard, it may be ground without being made thin? Is it not
said, that, if a thing be really white, it may be steeped in a dark fluid
without being made black?
"Am I a bitter gourd? How can I be hung up M
out of the way of being eaten?"
The Master said, "Yu, have you heard the six words to which are attached
six becloudings?" Yu replied, "I have not."
"Sit down, and I will tell them to you.
"There is the love of being benevolent without the love of learning;-the
beclouding here leads to a foolish simplicity. There is the love of knowing
without the love of learning;-the beclouding here leads to dissipation of
mind. There is the love of being sincere without the love of learning;-the
beclouding here leaM
ds to an injurious disregard of consequences. There is
the love of straightforwardness without the love of learning;-the
beclouding here leads to rudeness. There is the love of boldness without
the love of learning;-the beclouding here leads to insubordination. There
is the love of firmness without the love of learning;-the beclouding here
leads to extravagant conduct."
The Master said, "My children, why do you not study the Book of Poetry?
"The Odes serve to stimulate the mind.
"They may be used for puM
rposes of self-contemplation.
"They teach the art of sociability.
"They show how to regulate feelings of resentment.
"From them you learn the more immediate duty of serving one's father, and
the remoter one of serving one's prince.
"From them we become largely acquainted with the names of birds, beasts,
The Master said to Po-yu, "Do you give yourself to the Chau-nan and the
Shao-nan. The man who has not studied the Chau-nan and the Shao-nan is like
one who stands with his face right againsM
t a wall. Is he not so?" The
Master said, "'It is according to the rules of propriety,' they say.-'It is
according to the rules of propriety,' they say. Are gems and silk all that
is meant by propriety? 'It is music,' they say.-'It is music,' they say.
Are hers and drums all that is meant by music?"
The Master said, "He who puts on an appearance of stern firmness, while
inwardly he is weak, is like one of the small, mean people;-yea, is he not
like the thief who breaks through, or climbs over, a wall?"
The Master said, "Your good, careful people of the villages are the thieves
The Master said, To tell, as we go along, what we have heard on the way, is
to cast away our virtue."
The Master said, "There are those mean creatures! How impossible it is
along with them to serve one's prince!
"While they have not got their aims, their anxiety is how to get them. When
they have got them, their anxiety is lest they should lose them.
"When they are anxious lest such things should be lost, there iM
which they will not proceed."
The Master said, "Anciently, men had three failings, which now perhaps are
"The high-mindedness of antiquity showed itself in a disregard of small
things; the high-mindedness of the present day shows itself in wild
license. The stern dignity of antiquity showed itself in grave reserve; the
stern dignity of the present day shows itself in quarrelsome perverseness.
The stupidity of antiquity showed itself in straightforwardness; the
f the present day shows itself in sheer deceit."
The Master said, "Fine words and an insinuating appearance are seldom
associated with virtue."
The Master said, "I hate the manner in which purple takes away the luster
of vermilion. I hate the way in which the songs of Chang confound the music
of the Ya. I hate those who with their sharp mouths overthrow kingdoms and
The Master said, "I would prefer not speaking."
Tsze-kung said, "If you, Master, do not speak, what shall we, your
The Master said, "Does Heaven speak? The four seasons pursue their courses,
and all things are continually being produced, but does Heaven say
Zu Pei wished to see Confucius, but Confucius declined, on the ground of
being sick, to see him. When the bearer of this message went out at the
door, the Master took his lute and sang to it, in order that Pei might hear
Tsai Wo asked about the three years' mourning for parents, saying that one
year was long enough.
e superior man," said he, "abstains for three years from the
observances of propriety, those observances will be quite lost. If for
three years he abstains from music, music will be ruined. Within a year the
old grain is exhausted, and the new grain has sprung up, and, in procuring
fire by friction, we go through all the changes of wood for that purpose.
After a complete year, the mourning may stop."
The Master said, "If you were, after a year, to eat good rice, and wear
embroidered clothes, would you feelM
at ease?" "I should," replied Wo.
The Master said, "If you can feel at ease, do it. But a superior man,
during the whole period of mourning, does not enjoy pleasant food which he
may eat, nor derive pleasure from music which he may hear. He also does not
feel at ease, if he is comfortably lodged. Therefore he does not do what
you propose. But now you feel at ease and may do it."
Tsai Wo then went out, and the Master said, "This shows Yu's want of
virtue. It is not till a child is three years old that itM
leave the arms of its parents. And the three years' mourning is universally
observed throughout the empire. Did Yu enjoy the three years' love of his
The Master said, "Hard is it to deal with who will stuff himself with food
the whole day, without applying his mind to anything good! Are there not
gamesters and chess players? To be one of these would still be better than
doing nothing at all."
Tsze-lu said, "Does the superior man esteem valor?" The Master said, "The
n holds righteousness to be of highest importance. A man in a
superior situation, having valor without righteousness, will be guilty of
insubordination; one of the lower people having valor without
righteousness, will commit robbery."
Tsze-kung said, "Has the superior man his hatreds also?" The Master said,
"He has his hatreds. He hates those who proclaim the evil of others. He
hates the man who, being in a low station, slanders his superiors. He hates
those who have valor merely, and are unobservant of pM
those who are forward and determined, and, at the same time, of contracted
The Master then inquired, "Ts'ze, have you also your hatreds?" Tsze-kung
replied, "I hate those who pry out matters, and ascribe the knowledge to
their wisdom. I hate those who are only not modest, and think that they are
valorous. I hate those who make known secrets, and think that they are
The Master said, "Of all people, girls and servants are the most difficult
to. If you are familiar with them, they lose their humility. If
you maintain a reserve towards them, they are discontented."
The Master said, "When a man at forty is the object of dislike, he will
always continue what he is."
The Viscount of Wei withdrew from the court. The Viscount of Chi became a
slave to Chau. Pi-kan remonstrated with him and died.
Confucius said, "The Yin dynasty possessed these three men of virtue."
Hui of Liu-hsia, being chief criminal judge, was thrice dismissed fM
office. Some one said to him, "Is it not yet time for you, sir, to leave
this?" He replied, "Serving men in an upright way, where shall I go to, and
not experience such a thrice-repeated dismissal? If I choose to serve men
in a crooked way, what necessity is there for me to leave the country of my
The duke Ching of Ch'i, with reference to the manner in which he should
treat Confucius, said, "I cannot treat him as I would the chief of the Chi
family. I will treat him in a manner between tM
hat accorded to the chief of
the Chil and that given to the chief of the Mang family." He also said, "I
am old; I cannot use his doctrines." Confucius took his departure.
The people of Ch'i sent to Lu a present of female musicians, which Chi Hwan
received, and for three days no court was held. Confucius took his
The madman of Ch'u, Chieh-yu, passed by Confucius, singing and saying, "O
FANG! O FANG! How is your virtue degenerated! As to the past, reproof is
useless; but the future may still beM
provided against. Give up your vain
pursuit. Give up your vain pursuit. Peril awaits those who now engage in
affairs of government."
Confucius alighted and wished to converse with him, but Chieh-yu hastened
away, so that he could not talk with him.
Ch'ang-tsu and Chieh-ni were at work in the field together, when Confucius
passed by them, and sent Tsze-lu to inquire for the ford.
Ch'ang-tsu said, "Who is he that holds the reins in the carriage there?"
Tsze-lu told him, "It is K'ung Ch'iu.', "Is it notM
K'ung of Lu?" asked he.
"Yes," was the reply, to which the other rejoined, "He knows the ford."
Tsze-lu then inquired of Chieh-ni, who said to him, "Who are you, sir?" He
answered, "I am Chung Yu." "Are you not the disciple of K'ung Ch'iu of Lu?"
asked the other. "I am," replied he, and then Chieh-ni said to him,
"Disorder, like a swelling flood, spreads over the whole empire, and who is
he that will change its state for you? Rather than follow one who merely
withdraws from this one and that one, had you M
not better follow those who
have withdrawn from the world altogether?" With this he fell to covering up
the seed, and proceeded with his work, without stopping.
Tsze-lu went and reported their remarks, when the Master observed with a
sigh, "It is impossible to associate with birds and beasts, as if they were
the same with us. If I associate not with these people,-with mankind,-with
whom shall I associate? If right principles prevailed through the empire,
there would be no use for me to change its state."
Tsze-lu, following the Master, happened to fall behind, when he met an old
man, carrying across his shoulder on a staff a basket for weeds. Tsze-lu
said to him, "Have you seen my master, sir?" The old man replied, "Your
four limbs are unaccustomed to toil; you cannot distinguish the five kinds
of grain:-who is your master?" With this, he planted his staff in the
ground, and proceeded to weed.
Tsze-lu joined his hands across his breast, and stood before him.
The old man kept Tsze-lu to pass the night in hM
is house, killed a fowl,
prepared millet, and feasted him. He also introduced to him his two sons.
Next day, Tsze-lu went on his way, and reported his adventure. The Master
said, "He is a recluse," and sent Tsze-lu back to see him again, but when
he got to the place, the old man was gone.
Tsze-lu then said to the family, "Not to take office is not righteous. If
the relations between old and young may not be neglected, how is it that he
sets aside the duties that should be observed between sovereign and
minister? Wishing to maintain his personal purity, he allows that great
relation to come to confusion. A superior man takes office, and performs
the righteous duties belonging to it. As to the failure of right principles
to make progress, he is aware of that."
The men who have retired to privacy from the world have been Po-i,
Shu-ch'i, Yuchung, I-yi, Chu-chang, Hui of Liu-hsia, and Shao-lien.
The Master said, "Refusing to surrender their wills, or to submit to any
taint in their persons; such, I thinM
k, were Po-i and Shu-ch'i.
"It may be said of Hui of Liu-hsia! and of Shaolien, that they surrendered
their wills, and submitted to taint in their persons, but their words
corresponded with reason, and their actions were such as men are anxious to
see. This is all that is to be remarked in them.
"It may be said of Yu-chung and I-yi, that, while they hid themselves in
their seclusion, they gave a license to their words; but in their persons,
they succeeded in preserving their purity, and, in their retireM
acted according to the exigency of the times.
"I am different from all these. I have no course for which I am
predetermined, and no course against which I am predetermined."
The grand music master, Chih, went to Ch'i.
Kan, the master of the band at the second meal, went to Ch'u. Liao, the
band master at the third meal, went to Ts'ai. Chueh, the band master at the
fourth meal, went to Ch'in.
Fang-shu, the drum master, withdrew to the north of the river.
Wu, the master of the hand drum, wiM
Yang, the assistant music master, and Hsiang, master of the musical stone,
withdrew to an island in the sea.
The duke of Chau addressed his son, the duke of Lu, saying, "The virtuous
prince does not neglect his relations. He does not cause the great
ministers to repine at his not employing them. Without some great cause, he
does not dismiss from their offices the members of old families. He does
not seek in one man talents for every employment."
To Chau belonged the eight officers, PM
o-ta, Po-kwo, Chung-tu, Chung-hwu,
Shu-ya, Shuhsia, Chi-sui, and Chi-kwa.
Tsze-chang said, "The scholar, trained for public duty, seeing threatening
danger, is prepared to sacrifice his life. When the opportunity of gain is
presented to him, he thinks of righteousness. In sacrificing, his thoughts
are reverential. In mourning, his thoughts are about the grief which he
should feel. Such a man commands our approbation indeed
Tsze-chang said, "When a man holds fast to virtue, but without seekiM
enlarge it, and believes in right principles, but without firm sincerity,
what account can be made of his existence or non-existence?"
The disciples of Tsze-hsia asked Tsze-chang about the principles that
should characterize mutual intercourse. Tsze-chang asked, "What does
Tsze-hsia say on the subject?" They replied, "Tsze-hsia says: 'Associate
with those who can advantage you. Put away from you those who cannot do
so.'" Tsze-chang observed, "This is different from what I have learned. The
or man honors the talented and virtuous, and bears with all. He
praises the good, and pities the incompetent. Am I possessed of great
talents and virtue?-who is there among men whom I will not bear with? Am I
devoid of talents and virtue?-men will put me away from them. What have we
to do with the putting away of others?"
Tsze-hsia said, "Even in inferior studies and employments there is
something worth being looked at; but if it be attempted to carry them out
to what is remote, there is a danger of theirM
proving inapplicable.
Therefore, the superior man does not practice them."
Tsze-hsia said, "He, who from day to day recognizes what he has not yet,
and from month to month does not forget what he has attained to, may be
said indeed to love to learn."
Tsze-hsia said, "There are learning extensively, and having a firm and
sincere aim; inquiring with earnestness, and reflecting with
self-application:-virtue is in such a course."
Tsze-hsia said, "Mechanics have their shops to dwell in, in order to
mplish their works. The superior man learns, in order to reach to the
utmost of his principles."
Tsze-hsia said, "The mean man is sure to gloss his faults."
Tsze-hsia said, "The superior man undergoes three changes. Looked at from a
distance, he appears stern; when approached, he is mild; when he is heard
to speak, his language is firm and decided."
Tsze-hsia said, "The superior man, having obtained their confidence, may
then impose labors on his people. If he have not gained their confidence,
l think that he is oppressing them. Having obtained the confidence
of his prince, one may then remonstrate with him. If he have not gained his
confidence, the prince will think that he is vilifying him."
Tsze-hsia said, "When a person does not transgress the boundary line in the
great virtues, he may pass and repass it in the small virtues."
Tsze-yu said, "The disciples and followers of Tsze-hsia, in sprinkling and
sweeping the ground, in answering and replying, in advancing and receding,
tly accomplished. But these are only the branches of learning,
and they are left ignorant of what is essential.-How can they be
acknowledged as sufficiently taught?"
Tsze-hsia heard of the remark and said, "Alas! Yen Yu is wrong. According
to the way of the superior man in teaching, what departments are there
which he considers of prime importance, and delivers? what are there which
he considers of secondary importance, and allows himself to be idle about?
But as in the case of plants, which are assorted aM
classes, so he deals with his disciples. How can the way of a superior man
be such as to make fools of any of them? Is it not the sage alone, who can
unite in one the beginning and the consummation of learning?"
Tsze-hsia said, "The officer, having discharged all his duties, should
devote his leisure to learning. The student, having completed his learning,
should apply himself to be an officer."
Tsze-hsia said, "Mourning, having been carried to the utmost degree of
grief, should stop wM
Tsze-hsia said, "My friend Chang can do things which are hard to be done,
but yet he is not perfectly virtuous."
The philosopher Tsang said, "How imposing is the manner of Chang! It is
difficult along with him to practice virtue."
The philosopher Tsang said, "I heard this from our Master: 'Men may not
have shown what is in them to the full extent, and yet they will be found
to do so, on the occasion of mourning for their parents."
The philosopher Tsang said, "I have heard this from our MaM
piety of Mang Chwang, in other matters, was what other men are competent
to, but, as seen in his not changing the ministers of his father, nor his
father's mode of government, it is difficult to be attained to.'"
The chief of the Mang family having appointed Yang Fu to be chief criminal
judge, the latter consulted the philosopher Tsang. Tsang said, "The rulers
have failed in their duties, and the people consequently have been
disorganized for a long time. When you have found out the truM
accusation, be grieved for and pity them, and do not feel joy at your own
Tsze-kung said, "Chau's wickedness was not so great as that name implies.
Therefore, the superior man hates to dwell in a low-lying situation, where
all the evil of the world will flow in upon him."
Tsze-kung said, "The faults of the superior man are like the eclipses of
the sun and moon. He has his faults, and all men see them; he changes
again, and all men look up to him."
Kung-sun Ch'ao of Wei asked TszeM
kung, saying. "From whom did Chung-ni get
Tsze-kung replied, "The doctrines of Wan and Wu have not yet fallen to the
ground. They are to be found among men. Men of talents and virtue remember
the greater principles of them, and others, not possessing such talents and
virtue, remember the smaller. Thus, all possess the doctrines of Wan and
Wu. Where could our Master go that he should not have an opportunity of
learning them? And yet what necessity was there for his having a regular
Shu-sun Wu-shu observed to the great officers in the court, saying,
"Tsze-kung is superior to Chung-ni."
Tsze-fu Ching-po reported the observation to Tsze-kung, who said, "Let me
use the comparison of a house and its encompassing wall. My wall only
reaches to the shoulders. One may peep over it, and see whatever is
valuable in the apartments.
"The wall of my Master is several fathoms high. If one do not find the door
and enter by it, he cannot see the ancestral temple with its beauties, nor
e officers in their rich array.
"But I may assume that they are few who find the door. Was not the
observation of the chief only what might have been expected?"
Shu-sun Wu-shu having spoken revilingly of Chung-ni, Tsze-kung said, "It is
of no use doing so. Chung-ni cannot be reviled. The talents and virtue of
other men are hillocks and mounds which may be stepped over. Chung-ni is
the sun or moon, which it is not possible to step over. Although a man may
wish to cut himself off from the sage, what harm cM
an he do to the sun or
moon? He only shows that he does not know his own capacity.
Ch'an Tsze-ch' in, addressing Tsze-kung, said, "You are too modest. How can
Chung-ni be said to be superior to you?"
Tsze-kung said to him, "For one word a man is often deemed to be wise, and
for one word he is often deemed to be foolish. We ought to be careful
indeed in what we say.
"Our Master cannot be attained to, just in the same way as the heavens
cannot be gone up by the steps of a stair.
"Were our Master in tM
he position of the ruler of a state or the chief of a
family, we should find verified the description which has been given of a
sage's rule:-he would plant the people, and forthwith they would be
established; he would lead them on, and forthwith they would follow him; he
would make them happy, and forthwith multitudes would resort to his
dominions; he would stimulate them, and forthwith they would be harmonious.
While he lived, he would be glorious. When he died, he would be bitterly
lamented. How is it posM
sible for him to be attained to?"
Yao said, "Oh! you, Shun, the Heaven-determined order of succession now
rests in your person. Sincerely hold fast the due Mean. If there shall be
distress and want within the four seas, the Heavenly revenue will come to a
Shun also used the same language in giving charge to Yu.
T'ang said, "I the child Li, presume to use a dark-colored victim, and
presume to announce to Thee, O most great and sovereign God, that the
sinner I dare not pardonM
, and thy ministers, O God, I do not keep in
obscurity. The examination of them is by thy mind, O God. If, in my person,
I commit offenses, they are not to be attributed to you, the people of the
myriad regions. If you in the myriad regions commit offenses, these
offenses must rest on my person."
Chau conferred great gifts, and the good were enriched.
"Although he has his near relatives, they are not equal to my virtuous men.
The people are throwing blame upon me, the One man."
He carefully attended to M
the weights and measures, examined the body of the
laws, restored the discarded officers, and the good government of the
kingdom took its course.
He revived states that had been extinguished, restored families whose line
of succession had been broken, and called to office those who had retired
into obscurity, so that throughout the kingdom the hearts of the people
What he attached chief importance to were the food of the people, the
duties of mourning, and sacrifices.
osity, he won all. By his sincerity, he made the people repose
trust in him. By his earnest activity, his achievements were great. By his
justice, all were delighted.
Tsze-chang asked Confucius, saying, "In what way should a person in
authority act in order that he may conduct government properly?" The Master
replied, "Let him honor the five excellent, and banish away the four bad,
things;-then may he conduct government properly." Tsze-chang said, "What
are meant by the five excellent things?" The Master sM
aid, "When the person
in authority is beneficent without great expenditure; when he lays tasks on
the people without their repining; when he pursues what he desires without
being covetous; when he maintains a dignified ease without being proud;
when he is majestic without being fierce."
Tsze-chang said, "What is meant by being beneficent without great
expenditure?" The Master replied, "When the person in authority makes more
beneficial to the people the things from which they naturally derive
s not this being beneficent without great expenditure? When he
chooses the labors which are proper, and makes them labor on them, who will
repine? When his desires are set on benevolent government, and he secures
it, who will accuse him of covetousness? Whether he has to do with many
people or few, or with things great or small, he does not dare to indicate
any disrespect;-is not this to maintain a dignified ease without any pride?
He adjusts his clothes and cap, and throws a dignity into his looks, so
, thus dignified, he is looked at with awe;-is not this to be majestic
without being fierce?"
Tsze-chang then asked, "What are meant by the four bad things?" The Master
said, "To put the people to death without having instructed them;-this is
called cruelty. To require from them, suddenly, the full tale of work,
without having given them warning;-this is called oppression. To issue
orders as if without urgency, at first, and, when the time comes, to insist
on them with severity;-this is called injury. AndM
, generally, in the giving
pay or rewards to men, to do it in a stingy way;-this is called acting the
part of a mere official."
The Master said, "Without recognizing the ordinances of Heaven, it is
impossible to be a superior man.
"Without an acquaintance with the rules of Propriety, it is impossible for
the character to be established.
"Without knowing the force of words, it is impossible to know men."
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text/plain;charset=utf-8
THE DOCTRINE OF THE MEAN
What Heaven has conferred is called The Nature; an accordance with
this nature is called The Path of duty; the regulation of this path
is called Instruction.
The path may not be left for an instant. If it could be left, it would
not be the path. On this account, the superior man does not wait till
he sees things, to be cautious, nor till he hears things, to be apprehensive.
There is nothing more visible than what is secret, and nothing more
t is minute. Therefore the superior man is watchful
over himself, when he is alone.
While there are no stirrings of pleasure, anger, sorrow, or joy, the
mind may be said to be in the state of Equilibrium. When those feelings
have been stirred, and they act in their due degree, there ensues
what may be called the state of Harmony. This Equilibrium is the great
root from which grow all the human actings in the world, and this
Harmony is the universal path which they all should pursue.
Let the states of eM
quilibrium and harmony exist in perfection, and
a happy order will prevail throughout heaven and earth, and all things
will be nourished and flourish.
Chung-ni said, "The superior man embodies the course of the Mean;
the mean man acts contrary to the course of the Mean.
"The superior man's embodying the course of the Mean is because he
is a superior man, and so always maintains the Mean. The mean man's
acting contrary to the course of the Mean is because he is a mean
man, and has no caution."
Master said, "Perfect is the virtue which is according to the
Mean! Rare have they long been among the people, who could practice
The Master said, "I know how it is that the path of the Mean is not
walked in:-The knowing go beyond it, and the stupid do not come up
to it. I know how it is that the path of the Mean is not understood:-The
men of talents and virtue go beyond it, and the worthless do not come
"There is no body but eats and drinks. But they are few who can distinguish
The Master said, "Alas! How is the path of the Mean untrodden!"
The Master said, "There was Shun:-He indeed was greatly wise! Shun
loved to question others, and to study their words, though they might
be shallow. He concealed what was bad in them and displayed what was
good. He took hold of their two extremes, determined the Mean, and
employed it in his government of the people. It was by this that he
The Master said "Men all say, 'We are wise'; but being driven forward
net, a trap, or a pitfall, they know not how to escape.
Men all say, 'We are wise'; but happening to choose the course of
the Mean, they are not able to keep it for a round month."
The Master said "This was the manner of Hui:-he made choice of the
Mean, and whenever he got hold of what was good, he clasped it firmly,
as if wearing it on his breast, and did not lose it."
The Master said, "The kingdom, its states, and its families, may be
perfectly ruled; dignities and emoluments may be declined; naked wM
may be trampled under the feet; but the course of the Mean cannot
Tsze-lu asked about energy.
The Master said, "Do you mean the energy of the South, the energy
of the North, or the energy which you should cultivate yourself?
"To show forbearance and gentleness in teaching others; and not to
revenge unreasonable conduct:-this is the energy of southern regions,
and the good man makes it his study.
"To lie under arms; and meet death without regret:-this is the energy
ern regions, and the forceful make it their study.
"Therefore, the superior man cultivates a friendly harmony, without
being weak.-How firm is he in his energy! He stands erect in the middle,
without inclining to either side.-How firm is he in his energy! When
good principles prevail in the government of his country, he does
not change from what he was in retirement. How firm is he in his energy!
When bad principles prevail in the country, he maintains his course
to death without changing.-How firm is he iM
The Master said, "To live in obscurity, and yet practice wonders,
in order to be mentioned with honor in future ages:-this is what I
"The good man tries to proceed according to the right path, but when
he has gone halfway, he abandons it:-I am not able so to stop.
"The superior man accords with the course of the Mean. Though he may
be all unknown, unregarded by the world, he feels no regret.-It is
only the sage who is able for this."
The way which the superior man pursueM
s, reaches wide and far, and
Common men and women, however ignorant, may intermeddle with the knowledge
of it; yet in its utmost reaches, there is that which even the sage
does not know. Common men and women, however much below the ordinary
standard of character, can carry it into practice; yet in its utmost
reaches, there is that which even the sage is not able to carry into
practice. Great as heaven and earth are, men still find some things
in them with which to be dissatisfied. Thus it M
is that, were the superior
man to speak of his way in all its greatness, nothing in the world
would be found able to embrace it, and were he to speak of it in its
minuteness, nothing in the world would be found able to split it.
It is said in the Book of Poetry, "The hawk flies up to heaven; the
fishes leap in the deep." This expresses how this way is seen above
The way of the superior man may be found, in its simple elements,
in the intercourse of common men and women; but in its utmost reaM
it shines brightly through Heaven and earth.
The Master said "The path is not far from man. When men try to pursue
a course, which is far from the common indications of consciousness,
this course cannot be considered The Path.
"In the Book of Poetry, it is said, 'In hewing an ax handle, in hewing
an ax handle, the pattern is not far off. We grasp one ax handle to
hew the other; and yet, if we look askance from the one to the other,
we may consider them as apart. Therefore, the superior man goverM
men, according to their nature, with what is proper to them, and as
soon as they change what is wrong, he stops.
"When one cultivates to the utmost the principles of his nature, and
exercises them on the principle of reciprocity, he is not far from
the path. What you do not like when done to yourself, do not do to
"In the way of the superior man there are four things, to not one
of which have I as yet attained.-To serve my father, as I would require
my son to serve me: to this I have not aM
ttained; to serve my prince
as I would require my minister to serve me: to this I have not attained;
to serve my elder brother as I would require my younger brother to
serve me: to this I have not attained; to set the example in behaving
to a friend, as I would require him to behave to me: to this I have
not attained. Earnest in practicing the ordinary virtues, and careful
in speaking about them, if, in his practice, he has anything defective,
the superior man dares not but exert himself; and if, in his wordM
he has any excess, he dares not allow himself such license. Thus his
words have respect to his actions, and his actions have respect to
his words; is it not just an entire sincerity which marks the superior
The superior man does what is proper to the station in which he is;
he does not desire to go beyond this.
In a position of wealth and honor, he does what is proper to a position
of wealth and honor. In a poor and low position, he does what is proper
to a poor and low position. Situated amM
ong barbarous tribes, he does
what is proper to a situation among barbarous tribes. In a position
of sorrow and difficulty, he does what is proper to a position of
sorrow and difficulty. The superior man can find himself in no situation
in which he is not himself.
In a high situation, he does not treat with contempt his inferiors.
In a low situation, he does not court the favor of his superiors.
He rectifies himself, and seeks for nothing from others, so that he
has no dissatisfactions. He does not murmuM
r against Heaven, nor grumble
Thus it is that the superior man is quiet and calm, waiting for the
appointments of Heaven, while the mean man walks in dangerous paths,
looking for lucky occurrences.
The Master said, "In archery we have something like the way of the
superior man. When the archer misses the center of the target, he
turns round and seeks for the cause of his failure in himself."
The way of the superior man may be compared to what takes place in
traveling, when to go to a dM
istance we must first traverse the space
that is near, and in ascending a height, when we must begin from the
It is said in the Book of Poetry, "Happy union with wife and children
is like the music of lutes and harps. When there is concord among
brethren, the harmony is delightful and enduring. Thus may you regulate
your family, and enjoy the pleasure of your wife and children."
The Master said, "In such a state of things, parents have entire complacence!"
The Master said, "How abundantM
ly do spiritual beings display the powers
that belong to them!
"We look for them, but do not see them; we listen to, but do not hear
them; yet they enter into all things, and there is nothing without
"They cause all the people in the kingdom to fast and purify themselves,
and array themselves in their richest dresses, in order to attend
at their sacrifices. Then, like overflowing water, they seem to be
over the heads, and on the right and left of their worshippers.
"It is said in the Book of M
Poetry, 'The approaches of the spirits,
you cannot sunrise; and can you treat them with indifference?'
"Such is the manifestness of what is minute! Such is the impossibility
of repressing the outgoings of sincerity!"
The Master said, "How greatly filial was Shun! His virtue was that
of a sage; his dignity was the throne; his riches were all within
the four seas. He offered his sacrifices in his ancestral temple,
and his descendants preserved the sacrifices to himself.
"Therefore having such great virM
tue, it could not but be that he should
obtain the throne, that he should obtain those riches, that he should
obtain his fame, that he should attain to his long life.
"Thus it is that Heaven, in the production of things, is sure to be
bountiful to them, according to their qualities. Hence the tree that
is flourishing, it nourishes, while that which is ready to fall, it
"In the Book of Poetry, it is said, 'The admirable amiable prince
displayed conspicuously his excelling virtue, adjusting hM
and adjusting his officers. Therefore, he received from Heaven his
emoluments of dignity. It protected him, assisted him, decreed him
the throne; sending from Heaven these favors, as it were repeatedly.'
"We may say therefore that he who is greatly virtuous will be sure
to receive the appointment of Heaven."
The Master said, "It is only King Wan of whom it can be said that
he had no cause for grief! His father was King Chi, and his son was
King Wu. His father laid the foundations of his dignM
"King Wu continued the enterprise of King T'ai, King Chi, and King
Wan. He once buckled on his armor, and got possession of the kingdom.
He did not lose the distinguished personal reputation which he had
throughout the kingdom. His dignity was the royal throne. His riches
were the possession of all within the four seas. He offered his sacrifices
in his ancestral temple, and his descendants maintained the sacrifices
"It was in his old age that King Wu receiM
ved the appointment to the
throne, and the duke of Chau completed the virtuous course of Wan
and Wu. He carried up the title of king to T'ai and Chi, and sacrificed
to all the former dukes above them with the royal ceremonies. And
this rule he extended to the princes of the kingdom, the great officers,
the scholars, and the common people. If the father were a great officer
and the son a scholar, then the burial was that due to a great officer,
and the sacrifice that due to a scholar. If the father were a schM
and the son a great officer, then the burial was that due to a scholar,
and the sacrifice that due to a great officer. The one year's mourning
was made to extend only to the great officers, but the three years'
mourning extended to the Son of Heaven. In the mourning for a father
or mother, he allowed no difference between the noble and the mean.
The Master said, "How far-extending was the filial piety of King Wu
and the duke of Chau!
"Now filial piety is seen in the skillful carrying out of the wiM
of our forefathers, and the skillful carrying forward of their undertakings.
"In spring and autumn, they repaired and beautified the temple halls
of their fathers, set forth their ancestral vessels, displayed their
various robes, and presented the offerings of the several seasons.
"By means of the ceremonies of the ancestral temple, they distinguished
the royal kindred according to their order of descent. By ordering
the parties present according to their rank, they distinguished the
the less. By the arrangement of the services, they
made a distinction of talents and worth. In the ceremony of general
pledging, the inferiors presented the cup to their superiors, and
thus something was given the lowest to do. At the concluding feast,
places were given according to the hair, and thus was made the distinction
"They occupied the places of their forefathers, practiced their ceremonies,
and performed their music. They reverenced those whom they honored,
and loved those whom they M
regarded with affection. Thus they served
the dead as they would have served them alive; they served the departed
as they would have served them had they been continued among them.
"By the ceremonies of the sacrifices to Heaven and Earth they served
God, and by the ceremonies of the ancestral temple they sacrificed
to their ancestors. He who understands the ceremonies of the sacrifices
to Heaven and Earth, and the meaning of the several sacrifices to
ancestors, would find the government of a kingdom as easM
The Duke Ai asked about government.
The Master said, "The government of Wan and Wu is displayed in the
records,-the tablets of wood and bamboo. Let there be the men and
the government will flourish; but without the men, their government
"With the right men the growth of government is rapid, just as vegetation
is rapid in the earth; and, moreover, their government might be called
an easily-growing rush.
"Therefore the administration of government liM
es in getting proper
men. Such men are to be got by means of the ruler's own character.
That character is to be cultivated by his treading in the ways of
duty. And the treading those ways of duty is to be cultivated by the
cherishing of benevolence.
"Benevolence is the characteristic element of humanity, and the great
exercise of it is in loving relatives. Righteousness is the accordance
of actions with what is right, and the great exercise of it is in
honoring the worthy. The decreasing measures of the M
love due to relatives,
and the steps in the honor due to the worthy, are produced by the
principle of propriety.
"When those in inferior situations do not possess the confidence of
their superiors, they cannot retain the government of the people.
"Hence the sovereign may not neglect the cultivation of his own character.
Wishing to cultivate his character, he may not neglect to serve his
parents. In order to serve his parents, he may not neglect to acquire
knowledge of men. In order to know men, he may M
knowledge of Heaven.
"The duties of universal obligation are five and the virtues wherewith
they are practiced are three. The duties are those between sovereign
and minister, between father and son, between husband and wife, between
elder brother and younger, and those belonging to the intercourse
of friends. Those five are the duties of universal obligation. Knowledge,
magnanimity, and energy, these three, are the virtues universally
binding. And the means by which they carry the dutM
"Some are born with the knowledge of those duties; some know them
by study; and some acquire the knowledge after a painful feeling of
their ignorance. But the knowledge being possessed, it comes to the
same thing. Some practice them with a natural ease; some from a desire
for their advantages; and some by strenuous effort. But the achievement
being made, it comes to the same thing."
The Master said, "To be fond of learning is to be near to knowledge.
vigor is to be near to magnanimity. To possess the
feeling of shame is to be near to energy.
"He who knows these three things knows how to cultivate his own character.
Knowing how to cultivate his own character, he knows how to govern
other men. Knowing how to govern other men, he knows how to govern
the kingdom with all its states and families.
"All who have the government of the kingdom with its states and families
have nine standard rules to follow;-viz., the cultivation of their
e honoring of men of virtue and talents; affection
towards their relatives; respect towards the great ministers; kind
and considerate treatment of the whole body of officers; dealing with
the mass of the people as children; encouraging the resort of all
classes of artisans; indulgent treatment of men from a distance; and
the kindly cherishing of the princes of the states.
"By the ruler's cultivation of his own character, the duties of universal
obligation are set forth. By honoring men of virtue and talenM
is preserved from errors of judgment. By showing affection to his
relatives, there is no grumbling nor resentment among his uncles and
brethren. By respecting the great ministers, he is kept from errors
in the practice of government. By kind and considerate treatment of
the whole body of officers, they are led to make the most grateful
return for his courtesies. By dealing with the mass of the people
as his children, they are led to exhort one another to what is good.
By encouraging the resort of an M
classes of artisans, his resources
for expenditure are rendered ample. By indulgent treatment of men
from a distance, they are brought to resort to him from all quarters.
And by kindly cherishing the princes of the states, the whole kingdom
is brought to revere him.
"Self-adjustment and purification, with careful regulation of his
dress, and the not making a movement contrary to the rules of propriety
this is the way for a ruler to cultivate his person. Discarding slanderers,
and keeping himself from theM
seductions of beauty; making light of
riches, and giving honor to virtue-this is the way for him to encourage
men of worth and talents. Giving them places of honor and large emolument.
and sharing with them in their likes and dislikes-this is the way
for him to encourage his relatives to love him. Giving them numerous
officers to discharge their orders and commissions:-this is the way
for him to encourage the great ministers. According to them a generous
confidence, and making their emoluments large:-this iM
encourage the body of officers. Employing them only at the proper
times, and making the imposts light:-this is the way to encourage
the people. By daily examinations and monthly trials, and by making
their rations in accordance with their labors:-this is the way to
encourage the classes of artisans. To escort them on their departure
and meet them on their coming; to commend the good among them, and
show compassion to the incompetent:-this is the way to treat indulgently
men from a distance. To M
restore families whose line of succession
has been broken, and to revive states that have been extinguished;
to reduce to order states that are in confusion, and support those
which are in peril; to have fixed times for their own reception at
court, and the reception of their envoys; to send them away after
liberal treatment, and welcome their coming with small contributions:-this
is the way to cherish the princes of the states.
"All who have the government of the kingdom with its states and families
e the above nine standard rules. And the means by which they are
carried into practice is singleness.
"In all things success depends on previous preparation, and without
such previous preparation there is sure to be failure. If what is
to be spoken be previously determined, there will be no stumbling.
If affairs be previously determined, there will be no difficulty with
them. If one's actions have been previously determined, there will
be no sorrow in connection with them. If principles of conduct have
een previously determined, the practice of them will be inexhaustible.
"When those in inferior situations do not obtain the confidence of
the sovereign, they cannot succeed in governing the people. There
is a way to obtain the confidence of the sovereign;-if one is not
trusted by his friends, he will not get the confidence of his sovereign.
There is a way to being trusted by one's friends;-if one is not obedient
to his parents, he will not be true to friends. There is a way to
being obedient to one's parenM
ts;-if one, on turning his thoughts in
upon himself, finds a want of sincerity, he will not be obedient to
his parents. There is a way to the attainment of sincerity in one's
self; -if a man do not understand what is good, he will not attain
sincerity in himself.
"Sincerity is the way of Heaven. The attainment of sincerity is the
way of men. He who possesses sincerity is he who, without an effort,
hits what is right, and apprehends, without the exercise of thought;-he
is the sage who naturally and easilyM
embodies the right way. He who
attains to sincerity is he who chooses what is good, and firmly holds
"To this attainment there are requisite the extensive study of what
is good, accurate inquiry about it, careful reflection on it, the
clear discrimination of it, and the earnest practice of it.
"The superior man, while there is anything he has not studied, or
while in what he has studied there is anything he cannot understand,
Will not intermit his labor. While there is anything he has not inqM
about, or anything in what he has inquired about which he does not
know, he will not intermit his labor. While there is anything which
he has not reflected on, or anything in what he has reflected on which
he does not apprehend, he will not intermit his labor. While there
is anything which he has not discriminated or his discrimination is
not clear, he will not intermit his labor. If there be anything which
he has not practiced, or his practice fails in earnestness, he will
not intermit his labor. If M
another man succeed by one effort, he will
use a hundred efforts. If another man succeed by ten efforts, he will
"Let a man proceed in this way, and, though dull, he will surely become
intelligent; though weak, he will surely become strong."
When we have intelligence resulting from sincerity, this condition
is to be ascribed to nature; when we have sincerity resulting from
intelligence, this condition is to be ascribed to instruction. But
given the sincerity, and there shall be the inteM
intelligence, and there shall be the sincerity.
It is only he who is possessed of the most complete sincerity that
can exist under heaven, who can give its fun development to his nature.
Able to give its full development to his own nature, he can do the
same to the nature of other men. Able to give its full development
to the nature of other men, he can give their full development to
the natures of animals and things. Able to give their full development
to the natures of creatures andM
things, he can assist the transforming
and nourishing powers of Heaven and Earth. Able to assist the transforming
and nourishing powers of Heaven and Earth, he may with Heaven and
Earth form a ternion.
Next to the above is he who cultivates to the utmost the shoots of
goodness in him. From those he can attain to the possession of sincerity.
This sincerity becomes apparent. From being apparent, it becomes manifest.
From being manifest, it becomes brilliant. Brilliant, it affects others.
they are changed by it. Changed by it, they are
transformed. It is only he who is possessed of the most complete sincerity
that can exist under heaven, who can transform.
It is characteristic of the most entire sincerity to be able to foreknow.
When a nation or family is about to flourish, there are sure to be
happy omens; and when it is about to perish, there are sure to be
unlucky omens. Such events are seen in the milfoil and tortoise, and
affect the movements of the four limbs. When calamity or happiM
is about to come, the good shall certainly be foreknown by him, and
the evil also. Therefore the individual possessed of the most complete
sincerity is like a spirit.
Sincerity is that whereby self-completion is effected, and its way
is that by which man must direct himself.
Sincerity is the end and beginning of things; without sincerity there
would be nothing. On this account, the superior man regards the attainment
of sincerity as the most excellent thing.
The possessor of sincerity does noM
t merely accomplish the self-completion
of himself. With this quality he completes other men and things also.
The completing himself shows his perfect virtue. The completing other
men and things shows his knowledge. But these are virtues belonging
to the nature, and this is the way by which a union is effected of
the external and internal. Therefore, whenever he-the entirely sincere
man-employs them,-that is, these virtues, their action will be right.
Hence to entire sincerity there belongs ceaselessness. M
Not ceasing, it continues long. Continuing long, it evidences itself.
Evidencing itself, it reaches far. Reaching far, it becomes large
and substantial. Large and substantial, it becomes high and brilliant.
Large and substantial;-this is how it contains all things. High and
brilliant;-this is how it overspreads all things. Reaching far and
continuing long;-this is how it perfects all things.
So large and substantial, the individual possessing it is the co-equal
of Earth. So high and brilliant, it maM
kes him the co-equal of Heaven.
So far-reaching and long-continuing, it makes him infinite.
Such being its nature, without any display, it becomes manifested;
without any movement, it produces changes; and without any effort,
it accomplishes its ends.
The way of Heaven and Earth may be completely declared in one sentence.-They
are without any doubleness, and so they produce things in a manner
that is unfathomable.
The way of Heaven and Earth is large and substantial, high and brilliant,
g and long-enduring.
The Heaven now before us is only this bright shining spot; but when
viewed in its inexhaustible extent, the sun, moon, stars, and constellations
of the zodiac, are suspended in it, and all things are overspread
by it. The earth before us is but a handful of soil; but when regarded
in its breadth and thickness, it sustains mountains like the Hwa and
the Yo, without feeling their weight, and contains the rivers and
seas, without their leaking away. The mountain now before us appears
ly a stone; but when contemplated in all the vastness of its size,
we see how the grass and trees are produced on it, and birds and beasts
dwell on it, and precious things which men treasure up are found on
it. The water now before us appears but a ladleful; yet extending
our view to its unfathomable depths, the largest tortoises, iguanas,
iguanodons, dragons, fishes, and turtles, are produced in it, articles
of value and sources of wealth abound in it.
It is said in the Book of Poetry, "The ordinances ofM
Heaven, how profound
are they and unceasing!" The meaning is, that it is thus that Heaven
is Heaven. And again, "How illustrious was it, the singleness of the
virtue of King Wan!" indicating that it was thus that King Wan was
what he was. Singleness likewise is unceasing.
How great is the path proper to the Sage!
Like overflowing water, it sends forth and nourishes all things, and
rises up to the height of heaven.
All-complete is its greatness! It embraces the three hundred rules
he three thousand rules of demeanor.
It waits for the proper man, and then it is trodden.
Hence it is said, "Only by perfect virtue can the perfect path, in
all its courses, be made a fact."
Therefore, the superior man honors his virtuous nature, and maintains
constant inquiry and study, seeking to carry it out to its breadth
and greatness, so as to omit none of the more exquisite and minute
points which it embraces, and to raise it to its greatest height and
brilliancy, so as to pursue the course ofM
the Mean. He cherishes his
old knowledge, and is continually acquiring new. He exerts an honest,
generous earnestness, in the esteem and practice of all propriety.
Thus, when occupying a high situation he is not proud, and in a low
situation he is not insubordinate. When the kingdom is well governed,
he is sure by his words to rise; and when it is ill governed, he is
sure by his silence to command forbearance to himself. Is not this
what we find in the Book of Poetry,-"Intelligent is he and prudent,
so preserves his person?"
The Master said, Let a man who is ignorant be fond of using his own
judgment; let a man without rank be fond of assuming a directing power
to himself; let a man who is living in the present age go back to
the ways of antiquity;-on the persons of all who act thus calamities
will be sure to come.
To no one but the Son of Heaven does it belong to order ceremonies,
to fix the measures, and to determine the written characters.
Now over the kingdom, carriages have all wheels, of M
all writing is with the same characters; and for conduct there are
One may occupy the throne, but if he have not the proper virtue, he
may not dare to make ceremonies or music. One may have the virtue,
but if he do not occupy the throne, he may not presume to make ceremonies
The Master said, "I may describe the ceremonies of the Hsia dynasty,
but Chi cannot sufficiently attest my words. I have learned the ceremonies
of the Yin dynasty, and in Sung they still cM
ontinue. I have learned
the ceremonies of Chau, which are now used, and I follow Chau."
He who attains to the sovereignty of the kingdom, having those three
important things, shall be able to effect that there shall be few
errors under his government.
However excellent may have been the regulations of those of former
times, they cannot be attested. Not being attested, they cannot command
credence, and not being credited, the people would not follow them.
However excellent might be the regulations made M
by one in an inferior
situation, he is not in a position to be honored. Unhonored, he cannot
command credence, and not being credited, the people would not follow
Therefore the institutions of the Ruler are rooted in his own character
and conduct, and sufficient attestation of them is given by the masses
of the people. He examines them by comparison with those of the three
kings, and finds them without mistake. He sets them up before Heaven
and Earth, and finds nothing in them contrary to theiM
r mode of operation.
He presents himself with them before spiritual beings, and no doubts
about them arise. He is prepared to wait for the rise of a sage a
hundred ages after, and has no misgivings.
His presenting himself with his institutions before spiritual beings,
without any doubts arising about them, shows that he knows Heaven.
His being prepared, without any misgivings, to wait for the rise of
a sage a hundred ages after, shows that he knows men.
Such being the case, the movements of such a rulM
er, illustrating his
institutions, constitute an example to the world for ages. His acts
are for ages a law to the kingdom. His words are for ages a lesson
to the kingdom. Those who are far from him look longingly for him;
and those who are near him are never wearied with him.
It is said in the Book of Poetry,-"Not disliked there, not tired of
here, from day to day and night tonight, will they perpetuate their
praise." Never has there been a ruler, who did not realize this description,
arly renown throughout the kingdom.
Chung-ni handed down the doctrines of Yao and Shun, as if they had
been his ancestors, and elegantly displayed the regulations of Wan
and Wul taking them as his model. Above, he harmonized with the times
of Heaven, and below, he was conformed to the water and land.
He may be compared to Heaven and Earth in their supporting and containing,
their overshadowing and curtaining, all things. He may be compared
to the four seasons in their alternating progress, and to the suM
and moon in their successive shining.
All things are nourished together without their injuring one another.
The courses of the seasons, and of the sun and moon, are pursued without
any collision among them. The smaller energies are like river currents;
the greater energies are seen in mighty transformations. It is this
which makes heaven and earth so great.
It is only he, possessed of all sagely qualities that can exist under
heaven, who shows himself quick in apprehension, clear in discernment,
far-reaching intelligence, and all-embracing knowledge, fitted
to exercise rule; magnanimous, generous, benign, and mild, fitted
to exercise forbearance; impulsive, energetic, firm, and enduring,
fitted to maintain a firm hold; self-adjusted, grave, never swerving
from the Mean, and correct, fitted to command reverence; accomplished,
distinctive, concentrative, and searching, fitted to exercise discrimination.
All-embracing is he and vast, deep and active as a fountain, sending
forth in their due season hM
All-embracing and vast, he is like Heaven. Deep and active as a fountain,
he is like the abyss. He is seen, and the people all reverence him;
he speaks, and the people all believe him; he acts, and the people
all are pleased with him.
Therefore his fame overspreads the Middle Kingdom, and extends to
all barbarous tribes. Wherever ships and carriages reach; wherever
the strength of man penetrates; wherever the heavens overshadow and
the earth sustains; wherever the sun and moon shine; whereM
and dews fall:-all who have blood and breath unfeignedly honor and
love him. Hence it is said,-"He is the equal of Heaven."
It is only the individual possessed of the most entire sincerity that
can exist under Heaven, who can adjust the great invariable relations
of mankind, establish the great fundamental virtues of humanity, and
know the transforming and nurturing operations of Heaven and Earth;-shall
this individual have any being or anything beyond himself on which
man in his ideal, how earnest is he! Call him an abyss, how
deep is he! Call him Heaven, how vast is he!
Who can know him, but he who is indeed quick in apprehension, clear
in discernment, of far-reaching intelligence, and all-embracing knowledge,
possessing all Heavenly virtue?
It is said in the Book of Poetry, "Over her embroidered robe she puts
a plain single garment," intimating a dislike to the display of the
elegance of the former. Just so, it is the way of the superior man
to prefer the concealM
ment of his virtue, while it daily becomes more
illustrious, and it is the way of the mean man to seek notoriety,
while he daily goes more and more to ruin. It is characteristic of
the superior man, appearing insipid, yet never to produce satiety;
while showing a simple negligence, yet to have his accomplishments
recognized; while seemingly plain, yet to be discriminating. He knows
how what is distant lies in what is near. He knows where the wind
proceeds from. He knows how what is minute becomes manifested.M
a one, we may be sure, will enter into virtue.
It is said in the Book of Poetry, "Although the fish sink and lie
at the bottom, it is still quite clearly seen." Therefore the superior
man examines his heart, that there may be nothing wrong there, and
that he may have no cause for dissatisfaction with himself. That wherein
the superior man cannot be equaled is simply this,-his work which
other men cannot see.
It is said in the Book of Poetry, "Looked at in your apartment, be
there free from shamM
e as being exposed to the light of Heaven." Therefore,
the superior man, even when he is not moving, has a feeling of reverence,
and while he speaks not, he has the feeling of truthfulness.
It is said in the Book of Poetry, "In silence is the offering presented,
and the spirit approached to; there is not the slightest contention."
Therefore the superior man does not use rewards, and the people are
stimulated to virtue. He does not show anger, and the people are awed
more than by hatchets and battle-axes.
It is said in the Book of Poetry, "What needs no display is virtue.
All the princes imitate it." Therefore, the superior man being sincere
and reverential, the whole world is conducted to a state of happy
It is said in the Book of Poetry, "I regard with pleasure your brilliant
virtue, making no great display of itself in sounds and appearances."
The Master said, "Among the appliances to transform the people, sound
and appearances are but trivial influences. It is said in another
Virtue is light as a hair.' Still, a hair will admit of
comparison as to its size. 'The doings of the supreme Heaven have
neither sound nor smell. 'That is perfect virtue."
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text/plain;charset=utf-8
The Prince by Nicolo Machiavelli
Translated by W. K. Marriott
LITERATURE AND DEATH
THE MAN AND HIS WORKS
CHAPTER I. HOW MANY KINDS OF PRINCIPALITIES THERE ARE, AND BY WHAT MEANS THEY ARE ACQUIRED
CHAPTER II. CONCERNING HEREDITARY PRINCIPALITIES
CHAPTER III. CONCERNING MIXED PRINCIPALITIES
CHAPTER IV. WHY THE KINGDOM OF DARIUS, CONQUERED BY ALEXANDER, DID NOT RM
EBEL AGAINST THE SUCCESSORS OF ALEXANDER AT HIS DEATH
CHAPTER V. CONCERNING THE WAY TO GOVERN CITIES OR PRINCIPALITIES WHICH LIVED UNDER THEIR OWN LAWS BEFORE THEY WERE ANNEXED
CHAPTER VI. CONCERNING NEW PRINCIPALITIES WHICH ARE ACQUIRED BY ONE
S OWN ARMS AND ABILITY
CHAPTER VII. CONCERNING NEW PRINCIPALITIES WHICH ARE ACQUIRED EITHER BY THE ARMS OF OTHERS OR BY GOOD FORTUNE
CHAPTER VIII. CONCERNING THOSE WHO HAVE OBTAINED A PRINCIPALITY BY WICKEDNESS
CHAPTER IX. CONCERNING A CIVIL PRINCIPALITY
R X. CONCERNING THE WAY IN WHICH THE STRENGTH OF ALL PRINCIPALITIES OUGHT TO BE MEASURED
CHAPTER XI. CONCERNING ECCLESIASTICAL PRINCIPALITIES
CHAPTER XII. HOW MANY KINDS OF SOLDIERY THERE ARE AND CONCERNING MERCENARIES
CHAPTER XIII. CONCERNING AUXILIARIES, MIXED SOLDIERY, AND ONE
CHAPTER XIV. THAT WHICH CONCERNS A PRINCE ON THE SUBJECT OF WAR
CHAPTER XV. CONCERNING THINGS FOR WHICH MEN, AND ESPECIALLY PRINCES, ARE PRAISED OR BLAMED
CHAPTER XVI. CONCERNING LIBERALITY AND MEANNESS
CONCERNING CRUELTY AND CLEMENCY, AND WHETHER IT IS BETTER TO BE LOVED THAN FEARED
CHAPTER XVIII. CONCERNING THE WAY IN WHICH PRINCES SHOULD KEEP FAITH
CHAPTER XIX. THAT ONE SHOULD AVOID BEING DESPISED AND HATED
CHAPTER XX. ARE FORTRESSES, AND MANY OTHER THINGS TO WHICH PRINCES OFTEN RESORT, ADVANTAGEOUS OR HURTFUL?
CHAPTER XXI. HOW A PRINCE SHOULD CONDUCT HIMSELF SO AS TO GAIN RENOWN
CHAPTER XXII. CONCERNING THE SECRETARIES OF PRINCES
CHAPTER XXIII. HOW FLATTERERS SHOULD BE AVOIDED
CHAPTER XXIV. WHY TM
HE PRINCES OF ITALY HAVE LOST THEIR STATES
CHAPTER XXV. WHAT FORTUNE CAN EFFECT IN HUMAN AFFAIRS AND HOW TO WITHSTAND HER
CHAPTER XXVI. AN EXHORTATION TO LIBERATE ITALY FROM THE BARBARIANS
DESCRIPTION OF THE METHODS ADOPTED BY THE DUKE VALENTINO WHEN MURDERING VITELLOZZO VITELLI, OLIVEROTTO DA FERMO, THE SIGNOR PAGOLO, AND THE DUKE DI GRAVINA ORSINI
THE LIFE OF CASTRUCCIO CASTRACANI OF LUCCA
_ Nicolo Machiavelli, born at Florence on 3rd May 1469. From 1494 to
1512 held an official post at FlorM
ence which included diplomatic
missions to various European courts. Imprisoned in Florence, 1512;
later exiled and returned to San Casciano. Died at Florence on 22nd
Nicolo Machiavelli was born at Florence on 3rd May 1469. He was the
second son of Bernardo di Nicolo Machiavelli, a lawyer of some repute,
and of Bartolommea di Stefano Nelli, his wife. Both parents were
members of the old Florentine nobility.
His life falls naturally into three periods, each of which sinM
enough constitutes a distinct and important era in the history of
Florence. His youth was concurrent with the greatness of Florence as an
Italian power under the guidance of Lorenzo de
Medici, Il Magnifico.
The downfall of the Medici in Florence occurred in 1494, in which year
Machiavelli entered the public service. During his official career
Florence was free under the government of a Republic, which lasted
until 1512, when the Medici returned to power, and Machiavelli lost his
i again ruled Florence from 1512 until 1527, when they
were once more driven out. This was the period of Machiavelli
literary activity and increasing influence; but he died, within a few
weeks of the expulsion of the Medici, on 22nd June 1527, in his
fifty-eighth year, without having regained office.
Although there is little recorded of the youth of Machiavelli, the
Florence of those days is so well known that the early environment of
this representative citizenM
may be easily imagined. Florence has been
described as a city with two opposite currents of life, one directed by
the fervent and austere Savonarola, the other by the splendour-loving
s influence upon the young Machiavelli must have
been slight, for although at one time he wielded immense power over the
fortunes of Florence, he only furnished Machiavelli with a subject of a
gibe in _The Prince_, where he is cited as an example of an unarmed
prophet who came to a bad end. Whereas the maM
gnificence of the Medicean
rule during the life of Lorenzo appeared to have impressed Machiavelli
strongly, for he frequently recurs to it in his writings, and it is to
s grandson that he dedicates _The Prince_.
Machiavelli, in his
History of Florence,
gives us a picture of the
young men among whom his youth was passed. He writes:
than their forefathers in dress and living, and spent more in other
kinds of excesses, consuming their time and money in idleness, gaming,
women; their chief aim was to appear well dressed and to speak with
wit and acuteness, whilst he who could wound others the most cleverly
was thought the wisest.
In a letter to his son Guido, Machiavelli
shows why youth should avail itself of its opportunities for study, and
leads us to infer that his own youth had been so occupied. He writes:
I have received your letter, which has given me the greatest pleasure,
especially because you tell me you are quite restored in health, than
which I could have M
no better news; for if God grant life to you, and to
me, I hope to make a good man of you if you are willing to do your
Then, writing of a new patron, he continues:
out well for you, but it is necessary for you to study; since, then,
you have no longer the excuse of illness, take pains to study letters
and music, for you see what honour is done to me for the little skill I
have. Therefore, my son, if you wish to please me, and to bring success
and honour to yourself, do right and M
study, because others will help
you if you help yourself.
The second period of Machiavelli
s life was spent in the service of the
free Republic of Florence, which flourished, as stated above, from the
expulsion of the Medici in 1494 until their return in 1512. After
serving four years in one of the public offices he was appointed
Chancellor and Secretary to the Second Chancery, the Ten of Liberty and
Peace. Here we are on firm ground when dealing with the eM
s life, for during this time he took a leading part in the
affairs of the Republic, and we have its decrees, records, and
dispatches to guide us, as well as his own writings. A mere
recapitulation of a few of his transactions with the statesmen and
soldiers of his time gives a fair indication of his activities, and
supplies the sources from which he drew the experiences and characters
which illustrate _The Prince_.
His first mission was in 1499 to Catherina Sforza,
of _The Prince_, from whose conduct and fate he drew the moral that it
is far better to earn the confidence of the people than to rely on
fortresses. This is a very noticeable principle in Machiavelli, and is
urged by him in many ways as a matter of vital importance to princes.
In 1500 he was sent to France to obtain terms from Louis XII for
continuing the war against Pisa: this king it was who, in his conduct
of affairs in Italy, committed the five capital errors in statecraft
summarized in _The PrM
ince_, and was consequently driven out. He, also,
it was who made the dissolution of his marriage a condition of support
to Pope Alexander VI; which leads Machiavelli to refer those who urge
that such promises should be kept to what he has written concerning the
s public life was largely occupied with events arising out
of the ambitions of Pope Alexander VI and his son, Cesare Borgia, the
Duke Valentino, and these characters fill a large space of _The
Prince_. Machiavelli nM
ever hesitates to cite the actions of the duke
for the benefit of usurpers who wish to keep the states they have
seized; he can, indeed, find no precepts to offer so good as the
pattern of Cesare Borgia
s conduct, insomuch that Cesare is acclaimed
by some critics as the
of _The Prince_. Yet in _The Prince_ the
duke is in point of fact cited as a type of the man who rises on the
fortune of others, and falls with them; who takes every course that
might be expected from a prudent man but the courseM
him; who is prepared for all eventualities but the one which happens;
and who, when all his abilities fail to carry him through, exclaims
that it was not his fault, but an extraordinary and unforeseen
On the death of Pius III, in 1503, Machiavelli was sent to Rome to
watch the election of his successor, and there he saw Cesare Borgia
cheated into allowing the choice of the College to fall on Giuliano
delle Rovere (Julius II), who was one of the cardinals that had most
fear the duke. Machiavelli, when commenting on this election,
says that he who thinks new favours will cause great personages to
forget old injuries deceives himself. Julius did not rest until he had
It was to Julius II that Machiavelli was sent in 1506, when that
pontiff was commencing his enterprise against Bologna; which he brought
to a successful issue, as he did many of his other adventures, owing
chiefly to his impetuous character. It is in reference to Pope Julius
oralizes on the resemblance between Fortune and
women, and concludes that it is the bold rather than the cautious man
that will win and hold them both.
It is impossible to follow here the varying fortunes of the Italian
states, which in 1507 were controlled by France, Spain, and Germany,
with results that have lasted to our day; we are concerned with those
events, and with the three great actors in them, so far only as they
impinge on the personality of Machiavelli. He had several meetings with
of France, and his estimate of that monarch
already been alluded to. Machiavelli has painted Ferdinand of Aragon as
the man who accomplished great things under the cloak of religion, but
who in reality had no mercy, faith, humanity, or integrity; and who,
had he allowed himself to be influenced by such motives, would have
been ruined. The Emperor Maximilian was one of the most interesting men
of the age, and his character has been drawn by many hands; but
Machiavelli, who was an envoy at hiM
s court in 1507-8, reveals the
secret of his many failures when he describes him as a secretive man,
without force of character
ignoring the human agencies necessary to
carry his schemes into effect, and never insisting on the fulfilment of
The remaining years of Machiavelli
s official career were filled with
events arising out of the League of Cambrai, made in 1508 between the
three great European powers already mentioned and the pope, with the
object of crushing the Venetian Republic. ThM
is result was attained in
the battle of Vaila, when Venice lost in one day all that she had won
in eight hundred years. Florence had a difficult part to play during
these events, complicated as they were by the feud which broke out
between the pope and the French, because friendship with France had
dictated the entire policy of the Republic. When, in 1511, Julius II
finally formed the Holy League against France, and with the assistance
of the Swiss drove the French out of Italy, Florence lay at the mercy
the Pope, and had to submit to his terms, one of which was that the
Medici should be restored. The return of the Medici to Florence on 1st
September 1512, and the consequent fall of the Republic, was the signal
for the dismissal of Machiavelli and his friends, and thus put an end
to his public career, for, as we have seen, he died without regaining
LITERATURE AND DEATH
On the return of the Medici, Machiavelli, who for a few weeks had
vainly hoped to retain his oM
ffice under the new masters of Florence,
was dismissed by decree dated 7th November 1512. Shortly after this he
was accused of complicity in an abortive conspiracy against the Medici,
imprisoned, and put to the question by torture. The new Medicean pope,
Leo X, procured his release, and he retired to his small property at
San Casciano, near Florence, where he devoted himself to literature. In
a letter to Francesco Vettori, dated 13th December 1513, he has left a
very interesting description of his life at thM
elucidates his methods and his motives in writing _The Prince_. After
describing his daily occupations with his family and neighbours, he
The evening being come, I return home and go to my study; at
the entrance I pull off my peasant-clothes, covered with dust and dirt,
and put on my noble court dress, and thus becomingly re-clothed I pass
into the ancient courts of the men of old, where, being lovingly
received by them, I am fed with that food which is mine alone; where I
hesitate to speak with them, and to ask for the reason of their
actions, and they in their benignity answer me; and for four hours I
feel no weariness, I forget every trouble, poverty does not dismay,
death does not terrify me; I am possessed entirely by those great men.
And because Dante says:
Knowledge doth come of learning well retained,
I have noted down what I have gained from their conversation, and have
composed a small work on
where I pour myself out as
ully as I can in meditation on the subject, discussing what a
principality is, what kinds there are, how they can be acquired, how
they can be kept, why they are lost: and if any of my fancies ever
pleased you, this ought not to displease you: and to a prince,
especially to a new one, it should be welcome: therefore I dedicate it
to his Magnificence Giuliano. Filippo Casavecchio has seen it; he will
be able to tell you what is in it, and of the discourses I have had
with him; nevertheless, I am still enrichiM
ng and polishing it.
suffered many vicissitudes before attaining the form
in which it has reached us. Various mental influences were at work
during its composition; its title and patron were changed; and for some
unknown reason it was finally dedicated to Lorenzo de
Machiavelli discussed with Casavecchio whether it should be sent or
presented in person to the patron, there is no evidence that Lorenzo
ever received or even read it: he certainly never gave MachiavM
employment. Although it was plagiarized during Machiavelli
_The Prince_ was never published by him, and its text is still
Machiavelli concludes his letter to Vettori thus:
little thing [his book], when it has been read it will be seen that
during the fifteen years I have given to the study of statecraft I have
neither slept nor idled; and men ought ever to desire to be served by
one who has reaped experience at the expense of others. And of my
none could doubt, because having always kept faith I could not
now learn how to break it; for he who has been faithful and honest, as
I have, cannot change his nature; and my poverty is a witness to my
Before Machiavelli had got _The Prince_ off his hands he commenced his
Discourse on the First Decade of Titus Livius,
which should be read
concurrently with _The Prince_. These and several minor works occupied
him until the year 1518, when he accepted a small commission to look
ffairs of some Florentine merchants at Genoa. In 1519 the
Medicean rulers of Florence granted a few political concessions to her
citizens, and Machiavelli with others was consulted upon a new
constitution under which the Great Council was to be restored; but on
one pretext or another it was not promulgated.
In 1520 the Florentine merchants again had recourse to Machiavelli to
settle their difficulties with Lucca, but this year was chiefly
remarkable for his re-entry into Florentine literary society, where M
was much sought after, and also for the production of his
It was in the same year that he received a commission at the instance
Medici to write the
History of Florence,
occupied him until 1525. His return to popular favour may have
determined the Medici to give him this employment, for an old writer
an able statesman out of work, like a huge whale, will
endeavour to overturn the ship unless he has an empty cask to play
was finished, Machiavelli took it to
Rome for presentation to his patron, Giuliano de
the meanwhile become pope under the title of Clement VII. It is
somewhat remarkable that, as, in 1513, Machiavelli had written _The
Prince_ for the instruction of the Medici after they had just regained
power in Florence, so, in 1525, he dedicated the
to the head of the family when its ruin was now at hand. In that year
the battle of Pavia destM
royed the French rule in Italy, and left
Francis I a prisoner in the hands of his great rival, Charles V. This
was followed by the sack of Rome, upon the news of which the popular
party at Florence threw off the yoke of the Medici, who were once more
Machiavelli was absent from Florence at this time, but hastened his
return, hoping to secure his former office of secretary to the
Unhappily he was taken ill soon after he reached
Florence, where he died on 22nd June M
THE MAN AND HIS WORKS
No one can say where the bones of Machiavelli rest, but modern Florence
has decreed him a stately cenotaph in Santa Croce, by the side of her
most famous sons; recognizing that, whatever other nations may have
found in his works, Italy found in them the idea of her unity and the
germs of her renaissance among the nations of Europe. Whilst it is idle
to protest against the world-wide and evil signification of his name,
it may be pointed out that the harsh construction M
of his doctrine which
this sinister reputation implies was unknown to his own day, and that
the researches of recent times have enabled us to interpret him more
reasonably. It is due to these inquiries that the shape of an
which so long haunted men
s vision, has begun to fade.
Machiavelli was undoubtedly a man of great observation, acuteness, and
industry; noting with appreciative eye whatever passed before him, and
with his supreme literary gift turning it to account in his enfM
retirement from affairs. He does not present himself, nor is he
depicted by his contemporaries, as a type of that rare combination, the
successful statesman and author, for he appears to have been only
moderately prosperous in his several embassies and political
employments. He was misled by Catherina Sforza, ignored by Louis XII,
overawed by Cesare Borgia; several of his embassies were quite barren
of results; his attempts to fortify Florence failed, and the soldiery
that he raised astonished everyboM
dy by their cowardice. In the conduct
of his own affairs he was timid and time-serving; he dared not appear
by the side of Soderini, to whom he owed so much, for fear of
compromising himself; his connection with the Medici was open to
suspicion, and Giuliano appears to have recognized his real forte when
he set him to write the
History of Florence,
rather than employ him
in the state. And it is on the literary side of his character, and
there alone, that we find no weakness and no failure.
the light of almost four centuries has been focused on _The
Prince_, its problems are still debatable and interesting, because they
are the eternal problems between the ruled and their rulers. Such as
they are, its ethics are those of Machiavelli
s contemporaries; yet
they cannot be said to be out of date so long as the governments of
Europe rely on material rather than on moral forces. Its historical
incidents and personages become interesting by reason of the uses which
Machiavelli makes of them to illusM
trate his theories of government and
Leaving out of consideration those maxims of state which still furnish
some European and eastern statesmen with principles of action, _The
Prince_ is bestrewn with truths that can be proved at every turn. Men
are still the dupes of their simplicity and greed, as they were in the
days of Alexander VI. The cloak of religion still conceals the vices
which Machiavelli laid bare in the character of Ferdinand of Aragon.
Men will not look at things as they really areM
, but as they wish them
and are ruined. In politics there are no perfectly safe courses;
prudence consists in choosing the least dangerous ones. Then
Machiavelli reiterates that, although crimes may win an
empire, they do not win glory. Necessary wars are just wars, and the
arms of a nation are hallowed when it has no other resource but to
It is the cry of a far later day than Machiavelli
should be elevated into a living moral force, capableM
people with a just recognition of the fundamental principles of
_The Prince_ contributes but little.
Machiavelli always refused to write either of men or of governments
otherwise than as he found them, and he writes with such skill and
insight that his work is of abiding value. But what invests _The
Prince_ with more than a merely artistic or historical interest is the
incontrovertible truth that it deals with the great principles which
ons and rulers in their relationship with each other
and their neighbours.
In translating _The Prince_ my aim has been to achieve at all costs an
exact literal rendering of the original, rather than a fluent
paraphrase adapted to the modern notions of style and expression.
Machiavelli was no facile phrasemonger; the conditions under which he
wrote obliged him to weigh every word; his themes were lofty, his
substance grave, his manner nobly plain and serious. _Quis eo fuit
unquam in partiundis rebus, in deM
finiendis, in explanandis pressior?_
In _The Prince_, it may be truly said, there is reason assignable, not
only for every word, but for the position of every word. To an
Englishman of Shakespeare
s time the translation of such a treatise was
in some ways a comparatively easy task, for in those times the genius
of the English more nearly resembled that of the Italian language; to
the Englishman of to-day it is not so simple. To take a single example:
the word _intrattenere_, employed by Machiavelli to indiM
adopted by the Roman Senate towards the weaker states of Greece, would
by an Elizabethan be correctly rendered
contemporary reader would understand what was meant by saying that
Rome _entertained_ the
tolians and the Achaeans without augmenting
But to-day such a phrase would seem obsolete and
ambiguous, if not unmeaning: we are compelled to say that
maintained friendly relations with the
work of one. I have tried to preserve the pithy brevity
of the Italian so far as was consistent with an absolute fidelity to
the sense. If the result be an occasional asperity I can only hope that
the reader, in his eagerness to reach the author
overlook the roughness of the road that leads him to it.
The following is a list of the works of Machiavelli:
Principal works. Discorso sopra le cose di Pisa, 1499; Del modo di
trattare i popoli della Valdichiana ribellati, 1502; Del modo tenuto
dal duca Valentino nell
ammazzare Vitellozzo Vitelli, Oliverotto da
Fermo, etc., 1502; Discorso sopra la provisione del danaro, 1502;
Decennale primo (poem in terza rima), 1506; Ritratti delle cose dell
Alemagna, 1508-12; Decennale secondo, 1509; Ritratti delle cose di
Francia, 1510; Discorsi sopra la prima deca di T. Livio, 3 vols.,
1512-17; Il Principe, 1513; Andria, comedy translated from Terence,
1513 (?); Mandragola, prose comedy in five acts, with prologue in
verse, 1513; Della lingua (dialogue)M
, 1514; Clizia, comedy in prose,
1515 (?); Belfagor arcidiavolo (novel), 1515; Asino d
terza rima), 1517; Dell
arte della guerra, 1519-20; Discorso sopra il
riformare lo stato di Firenze, 1520; Sommario delle cose della citta di
Lucca, 1520; Vita di Castruccio Castracani da Lucca, 1520; Istorie
fiorentine, 8 books, 1521-5; Frammenti storici, 1525.
Other poems include Sonetti, Canzoni, Ottave, and Canti
Editions. Aldo, Venice, 1546; della Tertina, 1550; Cambiagi, FlorenM
6 vols., 1782-5; dei Classici, Milan, 10 1813; Silvestri, 9 vols.,
1820-2; Passerini, Fanfani, Milanesi, 6 vols. only published, 1873-7.
Minor works. Ed. F. L. Polidori, 1852; Lettere familiari, ed. E.
Alvisi, 1883, 2 editions, one with excisions; Credited Writings, ed. G.
Canestrini, 1857; Letters to F. Vettori, see A. Ridolfi, Pensieri
intorno allo scopo di N. Machiavelli nel libro Il Principe, etc.; D.
Ferrara, The Private Correspondence of Nicolo Machiavelli, 1929.
agnificent Lorenzo Di Piero De
Those who strive to obtain the good graces of a prince are accustomed
to come before him with such things as they hold most precious, or in
which they see him take most delight; whence one often sees horses,
arms, cloth of gold, precious stones, and similar ornaments presented
to princes, worthy of their greatness.
Desiring therefore to present myself to your Magnificence with some
testimony of my devotion towards you, I have not found among my
ng which I hold more dear than, or value so much as,
the knowledge of the actions of great men, acquired by long experience
in contemporary affairs, and a continual study of antiquity; which,
having reflected upon it with great and prolonged diligence, I now
send, digested into a little volume, to your Magnificence.
And although I may consider this work unworthy of your countenance,
nevertheless I trust much to your benignity that it may be acceptable,
seeing that it is not possible for me to make a betterM
offer you the opportunity of understanding in the shortest time all
that I have learnt in so many years, and with so many troubles and
dangers; which work I have not embellished with swelling or magnificent
words, nor stuffed with rounded periods, nor with any extrinsic
allurements or adornments whatever, with which so many are accustomed
to embellish their works; for I have wished either that no honour
should be given it, or else that the truth of the matter and the
weightiness of the theme sM
hall make it acceptable.
Nor do I hold with those who regard it as a presumption if a man of low
and humble condition dare to discuss and settle the concerns of
princes; because, just as those who draw landscapes place themselves
below in the plain to contemplate the nature of the mountains and of
lofty places, and in order to contemplate the plains place themselves
upon high mountains, even so to understand the nature of the people it
needs to be a prince, and to understand that of princes it needs to be
Take then, your Magnificence, this little gift in the spirit in which I
send it; wherein, if it be diligently read and considered by you, you
will learn my extreme desire that you should attain that greatness
which fortune and your other attributes promise. And if your
Magnificence from the summit of your greatness will sometimes turn your
eyes to these lower regions, you will see how unmeritedly I suffer a
great and continued malignity of fortune.
OW MANY KINDS OF PRINCIPALITIES THERE ARE, AND BY WHAT MEANS THEY ARE
All states, all powers, that have held and hold rule over men have been
and are either republics or principalities.
Principalities are either hereditary, in which the family has been long
established; or they are new.
The new are either entirely new, as was Milan to Francesco Sforza, or
they are, as it were, members annexed to the hereditary state of the
prince who has acquired them, as was the kingdom of Naples to that oM
Such dominions thus acquired are either accustomed to live under a
prince, or to live in freedom; and are acquired either by the arms of
the prince himself, or of others, or else by fortune or by ability.
CONCERNING HEREDITARY PRINCIPALITIES
I will leave out all discussion on republics, inasmuch as in another
place I have written of them at length, and will address myself only to
principalities. In doing so I will keep to the order indicated above,
s how such principalities are to be ruled and preserved.
I say at once there are fewer difficulties in holding hereditary
states, and those long accustomed to the family of their prince, than
new ones; for it is sufficient only not to transgress the customs of
his ancestors, and to deal prudently with circumstances as they arise,
for a prince of average powers to maintain himself in his state, unless
he be deprived of it by some extraordinary and excessive force; and if
he should be so deprived of it, whenM
ever anything sinister happens to
the usurper, he will regain it.
We have in Italy, for example, the Duke of Ferrara, who could not have
withstood the attacks of the Venetians in
84, nor those of Pope Julius
10, unless he had been long established in his dominions. For the
hereditary prince has less cause and less necessity to offend; hence it
happens that he will be more loved; and unless extraordinary vices
cause him to be hated, it is reasonable to expect that his subjects
will be naturally weM
ll disposed towards him; and in the antiquity and
duration of his rule the memories and motives that make for change are
lost, for one change always leaves the toothing for another.
CONCERNING MIXED PRINCIPALITIES
But the difficulties occur in a new principality. And firstly, if it be
not entirely new, but is, as it were, a member of a state which, taken
collectively, may be called composite, the changes arise chiefly from
an inherent difficulty which there is in all new principalitM
men change their rulers willingly, hoping to better themselves, and
this hope induces them to take up arms against him who rules: wherein
they are deceived, because they afterwards find by experience they have
gone from bad to worse. This follows also on another natural and common
necessity, which always causes a new prince to burden those who have
submitted to him with his soldiery and with infinite other hardships
which he must put upon his new acquisition.
In this way you have enemies in all tM
hose whom you have injured in
seizing that principality, and you are not able to keep those friends
who put you there because of your not being able to satisfy them in the
way they expected, and you cannot take strong measures against them,
feeling bound to them. For, although one may be very strong in armed
forces, yet in entering a province one has always need of the goodwill
For these reasons Louis the Twelfth, King of France, quickly occupied
Milan, and as quickly lost it; and to turn M
him out the first time it
only needed Lodovico
s own forces; because those who had opened the
gates to him, finding themselves deceived in their hopes of future
benefit, would not endure the ill-treatment of the new prince. It is
very true that, after acquiring rebellious provinces a second time,
they are not so lightly lost afterwards, because the prince, with
little reluctance, takes the opportunity of the rebellion to punish the
delinquents, to clear out the suspects, and to strengthen himself in
eakest places. Thus to cause France to lose Milan the first time
it was enough for the Duke Lodovico[1] to raise insurrections on the
borders; but to cause him to lose it a second time it was necessary to
bring the whole world against him, and that his armies should be
defeated and driven out of Italy; which followed from the causes above
[1] Duke Lodovico was Lodovico Moro, a son of Francesco Sforza, who
Este. He ruled over Milan from 1494 to 1500, and
Nevertheless Milan was taken from France both the first and the second
time. The general reasons for the first have been discussed; it remains
to name those for the second, and to see what resources he had, and
what any one in his situation would have had for maintaining himself
more securely in his acquisition than did the King of France.
Now I say that those dominions which, when acquired, are added to an
ancient state by him who acquires them, are either of the same country
and language, or they are notM
. When they are, it is easier to hold
them, especially when they have not been accustomed to self-government;
and to hold them securely it is enough to have destroyed the family of
the prince who was ruling them; because the two peoples, preserving in
other things the old conditions, and not being unlike in customs, will
live quietly together, as one has seen in Brittany, Burgundy, Gascony,
and Normandy, which have been bound to France for so long a time: and,
although there may be some difference in languagM
customs are alike, and the people will easily be able to get on amongst
themselves. He who has annexed them, if he wishes to hold them, has
only to bear in mind two considerations: the one, that the family of
their former lord is extinguished; the other, that neither their laws
nor their taxes are altered, so that in a very short time they will
become entirely one body with the old principality.
But when states are acquired in a country differing in language,
customs, or laws, there arM
e difficulties, and good fortune and great
energy are needed to hold them, and one of the greatest and most real
helps would be that he who has acquired them should go and reside
there. This would make his position more secure and durable, as it has
made that of the Turk in Greece, who, notwithstanding all the other
measures taken by him for holding that state, if he had not settled
there, would not have been able to keep it. Because, if one is on the
spot, disorders are seen as they spring up, and one can qM
them; but if one is not at hand, they are heard of only when they are
great, and then one can no longer remedy them. Besides this, the
country is not pillaged by your officials; the subjects are satisfied
by prompt recourse to the prince; thus, wishing to be good, they have
more cause to love him, and wishing to be otherwise, to fear him. He
who would attack that state from the outside must have the utmost
caution; as long as the prince resides there it can only be wrested
from him with the grM
The other and better course is to send colonies to one or two places,
which may be as keys to that state, for it is necessary either to do
this or else to keep there a great number of cavalry and infantry. A
prince does not spend much on colonies, for with little or no expense
he can send them out and keep them there, and he offends a minority
only of the citizens from whom he takes lands and houses to give them
to the new inhabitants; and those whom he offends, remaining poor and
ered, are never able to injure him; whilst the rest being
uninjured are easily kept quiet, and at the same time are anxious not
to err for fear it should happen to them as it has to those who have
been despoiled. In conclusion, I say that these colonies are not
costly, they are more faithful, they injure less, and the injured, as
has been said, being poor and scattered, cannot hurt. Upon this, one
has to remark that men ought either to be well treated or crushed,
because they can avenge themselves of lighterM
injuries, of more serious
ones they cannot; therefore the injury that is to be done to a man
ought to be of such a kind that one does not stand in fear of revenge.
But in maintaining armed men there in place of colonies one spends much
more, having to consume on the garrison all the income from the state,
so that the acquisition turns into a loss, and many more are
exasperated, because the whole state is injured; through the shifting
of the garrison up and down all become acquainted with hardship, and
l become hostile, and they are enemies who, whilst beaten on their
own ground, are yet able to do hurt. For every reason, therefore, such
guards are as useless as a colony is useful.
Again, the prince who holds a country differing in the above respects
ought to make himself the head and defender of his less powerful
neighbours, and to weaken the more powerful amongst them, taking care
that no foreigner as powerful as himself shall, by any accident, get a
footing there; for it will always happen that such aM
introduced by those who are discontented, either through excess of
ambition or through fear, as one has seen already. The Romans were
brought into Greece by the
tolians; and in every other country where
they obtained a footing they were brought in by the inhabitants. And
the usual course of affairs is that, as soon as a powerful foreigner
enters a country, all the subject states are drawn to him, moved by the
hatred which they feel against the ruling power. So that in respect to
states he has not to take any trouble to gain them over
to himself, for the whole of them quickly rally to the state which he
has acquired there. He has only to take care that they do not get hold
of too much power and too much authority, and then with his own forces,
and with their goodwill, he can easily keep down the more powerful of
them, so as to remain entirely master in the country. And he who does
not properly manage this business will soon lose what he has acquired,
and whilst he does hold it he wiM
ll have endless difficulties and
The Romans, in the countries which they annexed, observed closely these
measures; they sent colonies and maintained friendly relations with[2]
the minor powers, without increasing their strength; they kept down the
greater, and did not allow any strong foreign powers to gain authority.
Greece appears to me sufficient for an example. The Achaeans and
tolians were kept friendly by them, the kingdom of Macedonia was
humbled, Antiochus was driven out; yet the meritM
s of the Achaeans and
tolians never secured for them permission to increase their power, nor
did the persuasions of Philip ever induce the Romans to be his friends
without first humbling him, nor did the influence of Antiochus make
them agree that he should retain any lordship over the country. Because
the Romans did in these instances what all prudent princes ought to do,
who have to regard not only present troubles, but also future ones, for
which they must prepare with every energy, because, when foreseM
is easy to remedy them; but if you wait until they approach, the
medicine is no longer in time because the malady has become incurable;
for it happens in this, as the physicians say it happens in hectic
fever, that in the beginning of the malady it is easy to cure but
difficult to detect, but in the course of time, not having been either
detected or treated in the beginning, it becomes easy to detect but
difficult to cure. Thus it happens in affairs of state, for when the
evils that arise have been fM
oreseen (which it is only given to a wise
man to see), they can be quickly redressed, but when, through not
having been foreseen, they have been permitted to grow in a way that
every one can see them, there is no longer a remedy. Therefore, the
Romans, foreseeing troubles, dealt with them at once, and, even to
avoid a war, would not let them come to a head, for they knew that war
is not to be avoided, but is only to be put off to the advantage of
others; moreover they wished to fight with Philip and AntiochuM
Greece so as not to have to do it in Italy; they could have avoided
both, but this they did not wish; nor did that ever please them which
is forever in the mouths of the wise ones of our time:
benefits of the time
but rather the benefits of their own valour and
prudence, for time drives everything before it, and is able to bring
with it good as well as evil, and evil as well as good.
[2] See remark in the introduction on the word
But let us turn to France aM
nd inquire whether she has done any of the
things mentioned. I will speak of Louis[3] (and not of Charles)[4] as
the one whose conduct is the better to be observed, he having held
possession of Italy for the longest period; and you will see that he
has done the opposite to those things which ought to be done to retain
a state composed of divers elements.
[3] Louis XII, King of France,
The Father of the People,
[4] Charles VIII, King of France, born 1470, died 1498.
Louis was brought into Italy by the ambition of the Venetians, who
desired to obtain half the state of Lombardy by his intervention. I
will not blame the course taken by the king, because, wishing to get a
foothold in Italy, and having no friends there
seeing rather that every
door was shut to him owing to the conduct of Charles
accept those friendships which he could get, and he would have
succeeded very quickly in his design if in other matters he had not
made some mistakes. The king,M
however, having acquired Lombardy,
regained at once the authority which Charles had lost: Genoa yielded;
the Florentines became his friends; the Marquess of Mantua, the Duke of
Ferrara, the Bentivogli, my lady of Forli, the Lords of Faenza, of
Pesaro, of Rimini, of Camerino, of Piombino, the Lucchese, the Pisans,
everybody made advances to him to become his friend. Then
could the Venetians realize the rashness of the course taken by them,
which, in order that they might secure two towns in LomM
the king master of two-thirds of Italy.
Let any one now consider with what little difficulty the king could
have maintained his position in Italy had he observed the rules above
laid down, and kept all his friends secure and protected; for although
they were numerous they were both weak and timid, some afraid of the
Church, some of the Venetians, and thus they would always have been
forced to stand in with him, and by their means he could easily have
made himself secure against those who rM
emained powerful. But he was no
sooner in Milan than he did the contrary by assisting Pope Alexander to
occupy the Romagna. It never occurred to him that by this action he was
weakening himself, depriving himself of friends and of those who had
thrown themselves into his lap, whilst he aggrandized the Church by
adding much temporal power to the spiritual, thus giving it greater
authority. And having committed this prime error, he was obliged to
follow it up, so much so that, to put an end to the ambition of
Alexander, and to prevent his becoming the master of Tuscany, he was
himself forced to come into Italy.
And as if it were not enough to have aggrandized the Church, and
deprived himself of friends, he, wishing to have the kingdom of Naples,
divided it with the King of Spain, and where he was the prime arbiter
in Italy he takes an associate, so that the ambitious of that country
and the malcontents of his own should have somewhere to shelter; and
whereas he could have left in the kingdom his own pensioner M
drove him out, to put one there who was able to drive him, Louis, out
The wish to acquire is in truth very natural and common, and men always
do so when they can, and for this they will be praised not blamed; but
when they cannot do so, yet wish to do so by any means, then there is
folly and blame. Therefore, if France could have attacked Naples with
her own forces she ought to have done so; if she could not, then she
ought not to have divided it. And if the partition which she made wM
the Venetians in Lombardy was justified by the excuse that by it she
got a foothold in Italy, this other partition merited blame, for it had
not the excuse of that necessity.
Therefore Louis made these five errors: he destroyed the minor powers,
he increased the strength of one of the greater powers in Italy, he
brought in a foreign power, he did not settle in the country, he did
not send colonies. Which errors, had he lived, were not enough to
injure him had he not made a sixth by taking away their dM
the Venetians; because, had he not aggrandized the Church, nor brought
Spain into Italy, it would have been very reasonable and necessary to
humble them; but having first taken these steps, he ought never to have
consented to their ruin, for they, being powerful, would always have
kept off others from designs on Lombardy, to which the Venetians would
never have consented except to become masters themselves there; also
because the others would not wish to take Lombardy from France in order
ive it to the Venetians, and to run counter to both they would not
have had the courage.
And if any one should say:
King Louis yielded the Romagna to Alexander
and the kingdom to Spain to avoid war,
I answer for the reasons given
above that a blunder ought never to be perpetrated to avoid war,
because it is not to be avoided, but is only deferred to your
disadvantage. And if another should allege the pledge which the king
had given to the Pope that he would assist him in the enterprise, in
for the dissolution of his marriage[5] and for the cap to
Rouen,[6] to that I reply what I shall write later on concerning the
faith of princes, and how it ought to be kept.
[5] Louis XII divorced his wife, Jeanne, daughter of Louis XI, and
married in 1499 Anne of Brittany, widow of Charles VIII, in order to
retain the Duchy of Brittany for the crown.
[6] The Archbishop of Rouen. He was Georges d
cardinal by Alexander VI. Born 1460, died 1510.
Thus King Louis lost Lombardy byM
not having followed any of the
conditions observed by those who have taken possession of countries and
wished to retain them. Nor is there any miracle in this, but much that
is reasonable and quite natural. And on these matters I spoke at Nantes
with Rouen, when Valentino, as Cesare Borgia, the son of Pope
Alexander, was usually called, occupied the Romagna, and on Cardinal
Rouen observing to me that the Italians did not understand war, I
replied to him that the French did not understand statecraft, meaningM
that otherwise they would not have allowed the Church to reach such
greatness. And in fact it has been seen that the greatness of the
Church and of Spain in Italy has been caused by France, and her ruin
may be attributed to them. From this a general rule is drawn which
never or rarely fails: that he who is the cause of another becoming
powerful is ruined; because that predominancy has been brought about
either by astuteness or else by force, and both are distrusted by him
who has been raised to power.
WHY THE KINGDOM OF DARIUS, CONQUERED BY ALEXANDER, DID NOT REBEL
AGAINST THE SUCCESSORS OF ALEXANDER AT HIS DEATH
Considering the difficulties which men have had to hold to a newly
acquired state, some might wonder how, seeing that Alexander the Great
became the master of Asia in a few years, and died whilst it was
scarcely settled (whence it might appear reasonable that the whole
empire would have rebelled), nevertheless his successors maintained
themselves, and had to meet no other diM
fficulty than that which arose
among themselves from their own ambitions.
I answer that the principalities of which one has record are found to
be governed in two different ways; either by a prince, with a body of
servants, who assist him to govern the kingdom as ministers by his
favour and permission; or by a prince and barons, who hold that dignity
by antiquity of blood and not by the grace of the prince. Such barons
have states and their own subjects, who recognize them as lords and
hold them in naturaM
l affection. Those states that are governed by a
prince and his servants hold their prince in more consideration,
because in all the country there is no one who is recognized as
superior to him, and if they yield obedience to another they do it as
to a minister and official, and they do not bear him any particular
The examples of these two governments in our time are the Turk and the
King of France. The entire monarchy of the Turk is governed by one
lord, the others are his servants; and, dividM
ing his kingdom into
sanjaks, he sends there different administrators, and shifts and
changes them as he chooses. But the King of France is placed in the
midst of an ancient body of lords, acknowledged by their own subjects,
and beloved by them; they have their own prerogatives, nor can the king
take these away except at his peril. Therefore, he who considers both
of these states will recognize great difficulties in seizing the state
of the Turk, but, once it is conquered, great ease in holding it. The
es of the difficulties in seizing the kingdom of the Turk are that
the usurper cannot be called in by the princes of the kingdom, nor can
he hope to be assisted in his designs by the revolt of those whom the
lord has around him. This arises from the reasons given above; for his
ministers, being all slaves and bondmen, can only be corrupted with
great difficulty, and one can expect little advantage from them when
they have been corrupted, as they cannot carry the people with them,
for the reasons assigned. HeM
nce, he who attacks the Turk must bear in
mind that he will find him united, and he will have to rely more on his
own strength than on the revolt of others; but, if once the Turk has
been conquered, and routed in the field in such a way that he cannot
replace his armies, there is nothing to fear but the family of this
prince, and, this being exterminated, there remains no one to fear, the
others having no credit with the people; and as the conqueror did not
rely on them before his victory, so he ought not toM
fear them after it.
The contrary happens in kingdoms governed like that of France, because
one can easily enter there by gaining over some baron of the kingdom,
for one always finds malcontents and such as desire a change. Such men,
for the reasons given, can open the way into the state and render the
victory easy; but if you wish to hold it afterwards, you meet with
infinite difficulties, both from those who have assisted you and from
those you have crushed. Nor is it enough for you to have exterminated
the family of the prince, because the lords that remain make themselves
the heads of fresh movements against you, and as you are unable either
to satisfy or exterminate them, that state is lost whenever time brings
Now if you will consider what was the nature of the government of
Darius, you will find it similar to the kingdom of the Turk, and
therefore it was only necessary for Alexander, first to overthrow him
in the field, and then to take the country from him. After which
rius being killed, the state remained secure to Alexander,
for the above reasons. And if his successors had been united they would
have enjoyed it securely and at their ease, for there were no tumults
raised in the kingdom except those they provoked themselves.
But it is impossible to hold with such tranquillity states constituted
like that of France. Hence arose those frequent rebellions against the
Romans in Spain, France, and Greece, owing to the many principalities
there were in these states, of which,M
as long as the memory of them
endured, the Romans always held an insecure possession; but with the
power and long continuance of the empire the memory of them passed
away, and the Romans then became secure possessors. And when fighting
afterwards amongst themselves, each one was able to attach to himself
his own parts of the country, according to the authority he had assumed
there; and the family of the former lord being exterminated, none other
than the Romans were acknowledged.
When these things are reM
membered no one will marvel at the ease with
which Alexander held the Empire of Asia, or at the difficulties which
others have had to keep an acquisition, such as Pyrrhus and many more;
this is not occasioned by the little or abundance of ability in the
conqueror, but by the want of uniformity in the subject state.
CONCERNING THE WAY TO GOVERN CITIES OR PRINCIPALITIES WHICH LIVED UNDER
THEIR OWN LAWS BEFORE THEY WERE ANNEXED
Whenever those states which have been acquired as stated havM
accustomed to live under their own laws and in freedom, there are three
courses for those who wish to hold them: the first is to ruin them, the
next is to reside there in person, the third is to permit them to live
under their own laws, drawing a tribute, and establishing within it an
oligarchy which will keep it friendly to you. Because such a
government, being created by the prince, knows that it cannot stand
without his friendship and interest, and does its utmost to support
him; and therefore he M
who would keep a city accustomed to freedom will
hold it more easily by the means of its own citizens than in any other
There are, for example, the Spartans and the Romans. The Spartans held
Athens and Thebes, establishing there an oligarchy: nevertheless they
lost them. The Romans, in order to hold Capua, Carthage, and Numantia,
dismantled them, and did not lose them. They wished to hold Greece as
the Spartans held it, making it free and permitting its laws, and did
not succeed. So to hold it they wM
ere compelled to dismantle many cities
in the country, for in truth there is no safe way to retain them
otherwise than by ruining them. And he who becomes master of a city
accustomed to freedom and does not destroy it, may expect to be
destroyed by it, for in rebellion it has always the watchword of
liberty and its ancient privileges as a rallying point, which neither
time nor benefits will ever cause it to forget. And whatever you may do
or provide against, they never forget that name or their privileges
nless they are disunited or dispersed, but at every chance they
immediately rally to them, as Pisa after the hundred years she had been
held in bondage by the Florentines.
But when cities or countries are accustomed to live under a prince, and
his family is exterminated, they, being on the one hand accustomed to
obey and on the other hand not having the old prince, cannot agree in
making one from amongst themselves, and they do not know how to govern
themselves. For this reason they are very slow to take uM
prince can gain them to himself and secure them much more easily. But
in republics there is more vitality, greater hatred, and more desire
for vengeance, which will never permit them to allow the memory of
their former liberty to rest; so that the safest way is to destroy them
CONCERNING NEW PRINCIPALITIES WHICH ARE ACQUIRED BY ONE
Let no one be surprised if, in speaking of entirely new principalities
as I shall do, I adducM
e the highest examples both of prince and of
state; because men, walking almost always in paths beaten by others,
and following by imitation their deeds, are yet unable to keep entirely
to the ways of others or attain to the power of those they imitate. A
wise man ought always to follow the paths beaten by great men, and to
imitate those who have been supreme, so that if his ability does not
equal theirs, at least it will savour of it. Let him act like the
clever archers who, designing to hit the mark which M
distant, and knowing the limits to which the strength of their bow
attains, take aim much higher than the mark, not to reach by their
strength or arrow to so great a height, but to be able with the aid of
so high an aim to hit the mark they wish to reach.
I say, therefore, that in entirely new principalities, where there is a
new prince, more or less difficulty is found in keeping them,
accordingly as there is more or less ability in him who has acquired
the state. Now, as the fact of M
becoming a prince from a private station
presupposes either ability or fortune, it is clear that one or other of
these things will mitigate in some degree many difficulties.
Nevertheless, he who has relied least on fortune is established the
strongest. Further, it facilitates matters when the prince, having no
other state, is compelled to reside there in person.
But to come to those who, by their own ability and not through fortune,
have risen to be princes, I say that Moses, Cyrus, Romulus, Theseus,
such like are the most excellent examples. And although one may not
discuss Moses, he having been a mere executor of the will of God, yet
he ought to be admired, if only for that favour which made him worthy
to speak with God. But in considering Cyrus and others who have
acquired or founded kingdoms, all will be found admirable; and if their
particular deeds and conduct shall be considered, they will not be
found inferior to those of Moses, although he had so great a preceptor.
And in examining their actionsM
and lives one cannot see that they owed
anything to fortune beyond opportunity, which brought them the material
to mould into the form which seemed best to them. Without that
opportunity their powers of mind would have been extinguished, and
without those powers the opportunity would have come in vain.
It was necessary, therefore, to Moses that he should find the people of
Israel in Egypt enslaved and oppressed by the Egyptians, in order that
they should be disposed to follow him so as to be delivered outM
bondage. It was necessary that Romulus should not remain in Alba, and
that he should be abandoned at his birth, in order that he should
become King of Rome and founder of the fatherland. It was necessary
that Cyrus should find the Persians discontented with the government of
the Medes, and the Medes soft and effeminate through their long peace.
Theseus could not have shown his ability had he not found the Athenians
dispersed. These opportunities, therefore, made those men fortunate,
and their high abiliM
ty enabled them to recognize the opportunity
whereby their country was ennobled and made famous.
Those who by valorous ways become princes, like these men, acquire a
principality with difficulty, but they keep it with ease. The
difficulties they have in acquiring it rise in part from the new rules
and methods which they are forced to introduce to establish their
government and its security. And it ought to be remembered that there
is nothing more difficult to take in hand, more perilous to conduct, or
e uncertain in its success, than to take the lead in the
introduction of a new order of things, because the innovator has for
enemies all those who have done well under the old conditions, and
lukewarm defenders in those who may do well under the new. This
coolness arises partly from fear of the opponents, who have the laws on
their side, and partly from the incredulity of men, who do not readily
believe in new things until they have had a long experience of them.
Thus it happens that whenever those who are M
opportunity to attack they do it like partisans, whilst the others
defend lukewarmly, in such wise that the prince is endangered along
It is necessary, therefore, if we desire to discuss this matter
thoroughly, to inquire whether these innovators can rely on themselves
or have to depend on others: that is to say, whether, to consummate
their enterprise, have they to use prayers or can they use force? In
the first instance they always succeed badly, and never compass
but when they can rely on themselves and use force, then they
are rarely endangered. Hence it is that all armed prophets have
conquered, and the unarmed ones have been destroyed. Besides the
reasons mentioned, the nature of the people is variable, and whilst it
is easy to persuade them, it is difficult to fix them in that
persuasion. And thus it is necessary to take such measures that, when
they believe no longer, it may be possible to make them believe by
If Moses, Cyrus, Theseus, and Romulus had M
been unarmed they could not
have enforced their constitutions for long
as happened in our time to
Fra Girolamo Savonarola, who was ruined with his new order of things
immediately the multitude believed in him no longer, and he had no
means of keeping steadfast those who believed or of making the
unbelievers to believe. Therefore such as these have great difficulties
in consummating their enterprise, for all their dangers are in the
ascent, yet with ability they will overcome them; but when these are
ome, and those who envied them their success are exterminated,
they will begin to be respected, and they will continue afterwards
powerful, secure, honoured, and happy.
To these great examples I wish to add a lesser one; still it bears some
resemblance to them, and I wish it to suffice me for all of a like
kind: it is Hiero the Syracusan.[1] This man rose from a private
station to be Prince of Syracuse, nor did he, either, owe anything to
fortune but opportunity; for the Syracusans, being oppressed, chose M
for their captain, afterwards he was rewarded by being made their
prince. He was of so great ability, even as a private citizen, that one
who writes of him says he wanted nothing but a kingdom to be a king.
This man abolished the old soldiery, organized the new, gave up old
alliances, made new ones; and as he had his own soldiers and allies, on
such foundations he was able to build any edifice: thus, whilst he had
endured much trouble in acquiring, he had but little in keeping.
[1] Hiero II, born aboM
ut 307 B.C., died 216 B.C.
CONCERNING NEW PRINCIPALITIES WHICH ARE ACQUIRED EITHER BY THE ARMS OF
OTHERS OR BY GOOD FORTUNE
Those who solely by good fortune become princes from being private
citizens have little trouble in rising, but much in keeping atop; they
have not any difficulties on the way up, because they fly, but they
have many when they reach the summit. Such are those to whom some state
is given either for money or by the favour of him who bestows it; as
y in Greece, in the cities of Ionia and of the
Hellespont, where princes were made by Darius, in order that they might
hold the cities both for his security and his glory; as also were those
emperors who, by the corruption of the soldiers, from being citizens
came to empire. Such stand simply elevated upon the goodwill and the
fortune of him who has elevated them
two most inconstant and unstable
things. Neither have they the knowledge requisite for the position;
because, unless they are men of great worth M
and ability, it is not
reasonable to expect that they should know how to command, having
always lived in a private condition; besides, they cannot hold it
because they have not forces which they can keep friendly and faithful.
States that rise unexpectedly, then, like all other things in nature
which are born and grow rapidly, cannot leave their foundations and
correspondencies[1] fixed in such a way that the first storm will not
overthrow them; unless, as is said, those who unexpectedly become
e men of so much ability that they know they have to be
prepared at once to hold that which fortune has thrown into their laps,
and that those foundations, which others have laid _before_ they became
princes, they must lay _afterwards_.
Le radici e corrispondenze,
their roots (i.e. foundations) and
correspondencies or relations with other states
in the sixteenth and seventeenth
Concerning these two methods of riM
sing to be a prince by ability or
fortune, I wish to adduce two examples within our own recollection, and
these are Francesco Sforza[2] and Cesare Borgia. Francesco, by proper
means and with great ability, from being a private person rose to be
Duke of Milan, and that which he had acquired with a thousand anxieties
he kept with little trouble. On the other hand, Cesare Borgia, called
by the people Duke Valentino, acquired his state during the ascendancy
of his father, and on its decline he lost it, notwithstM
had taken every measure and done all that ought to be done by a wise
and able man to fix firmly his roots in the states which the arms and
fortunes of others had bestowed on him.
[2] Francesco Sforza, born 1401, died 1466. He married Bianca Maria
Visconti, a natural daughter of Filippo Visconti, the Duke of Milan,
on whose death he procured his own elevation to the duchy. Machiavelli
was the accredited agent of the Florentine Republic to Cesare Borgia
(1478-1507) during the transactionM
s which led up to the assassinations
of the Orsini and Vitelli at Sinigalia, and along with his letters to
his chiefs in Florence he has left an account, written ten years
before _The Prince_, of the proceedings of the duke in his
Descritione del modo tenuto dal duca Valentino nello ammazzare
Vitellozzo Vitelli,
etc., a translation of which is appended to the
Because, as is stated above, he who has not first laid his foundations
may be able with great ability to lay them afterwarM
ds, but they will be
laid with trouble to the architect and danger to the building. If,
therefore, all the steps taken by the duke be considered, it will be
seen that he laid solid foundations for his future power, and I do not
consider it superfluous to discuss them, because I do not know what
better precepts to give a new prince than the example of his actions;
and if his dispositions were of no avail, that was not his fault, but
the extraordinary and extreme malignity of fortune.
Alexander the Sixth, iM
n wishing to aggrandize the duke, his son, had
many immediate and prospective difficulties. Firstly, he did not see
his way to make him master of any state that was not a state of the
Church; and if he was willing to rob the Church he knew that the Duke
of Milan and the Venetians would not consent, because Faenza and Rimini
were already under the protection of the Venetians. Besides this, he
saw the arms of Italy, especially those by which he might have been
assisted, in hands that would fear the aggrandizemM
namely, the Orsini and the Colonnesi and their following. It behoved
him, therefore, to upset this state of affairs and embroil the powers,
so as to make himself securely master of part of their states. This was
easy for him to do, because he found the Venetians, moved by other
reasons, inclined to bring back the French into Italy; he would not
only not oppose this, but he would render it more easy by dissolving
the former marriage of King Louis. Therefore the king came into Italy
assistance of the Venetians and the consent of Alexander. He
was no sooner in Milan than the Pope had soldiers from him for the
attempt on the Romagna, which yielded to him on the reputation of the
king. The duke, therefore, having acquired the Romagna and beaten the
Colonnesi, while wishing to hold that and to advance further, was
hindered by two things: the one, his forces did not appear loyal to
him, the other, the goodwill of France: that is to say, he feared that
the forces of the Orsini, which he was uM
sing, would not stand to him,
that not only might they hinder him from winning more, but might
themselves seize what he had won, and that the king might also do the
same. Of the Orsini he had a warning when, after taking Faenza and
attacking Bologna, he saw them go very unwillingly to that attack. And
as to the king, he learned his mind when he himself, after taking the
Duchy of Urbino, attacked Tuscany, and the king made him desist from
that undertaking; hence the duke decided to depend no more upon the
ms and the luck of others.
For the first thing he weakened the Orsini and Colonnesi parties in
Rome, by gaining to himself all their adherents who were gentlemen,
making them his gentlemen, giving them good pay, and, according to
their rank, honouring them with office and command in such a way that
in a few months all attachment to the factions was destroyed and turned
entirely to the duke. After this he awaited an opportunity to crush the
Orsini, having scattered the adherents of the Colonna house. This cM
to him soon and he used it well; for the Orsini, perceiving at length
that the aggrandizement of the duke and the Church was ruin to them,
called a meeting of the Magione in Perugia. From this sprung the
rebellion at Urbino and the tumults in the Romagna, with endless
dangers to the duke, all of which he overcame with the help of the
French. Having restored his authority, not to leave it at risk by
trusting either to the French or other outside forces, he had recourse
to his wiles, and he knew so well hM
ow to conceal his mind that, by the
mediation of Signor Pagolo
whom the duke did not fail to secure with
all kinds of attention, giving him money, apparel, and horses
Orsini were reconciled, so that their simplicity brought them into his
power at Sinigalia.[3] Having exterminated the leaders, and turned
their partisans into his friends, the duke laid sufficiently good
foundations to his power, having all the Romagna and the Duchy of
Urbino; and the people now beginning to appreciate their prosperity,M
gained them all over to himself. And as this point is worthy of notice,
and to be imitated by others, I am not willing to leave it out.
[3] Sinigalia, 31st December 1502.
When the duke occupied the Romagna he found it under the rule of weak
masters, who rather plundered their subjects than ruled them, and gave
them more cause for disunion than for union, so that the country was
full of robbery, quarrels, and every kind of violence; and so, wishing
to bring back peace and obedience to authority, he M
necessary to give it a good governor. Thereupon he promoted Messer
Orco,[4] a swift and cruel man, to whom he gave the fullest
power. This man in a short time restored peace and unity with the
greatest success. Afterwards the duke considered that it was not
advisable to confer such excessive authority, for he had no doubt but
that he would become odious, so he set up a court of judgment in the
country, under a most excellent president, wherein all cities had their
ause he knew that the past severity had caused some
hatred against himself, so, to clear himself in the minds of the
people, and gain them entirely to himself, he desired to show that, if
any cruelty had been practised, it had not originated with him, but in
the natural sternness of the minister. Under this pretence he took
Ramiro, and one morning caused him to be executed and left on the
piazza at Cesena with the block and a bloody knife at his side. The
barbarity of this spectacle caused the people to be aM
Orco. Ramiro de Lorqua.
But let us return whence we started. I say that the duke, finding
himself now sufficiently powerful and partly secured from immediate
dangers by having armed himself in his own way, and having in a great
measure crushed those forces in his vicinity that could injure him if
he wished to proceed with his conquest, had next to consider France,
for he knew that the king, who too late was aware of his mistake, would
not support him. And M
from this time he began to seek new alliances and
to temporize with France in the expedition which she was making towards
the kingdom of Naples against the Spaniards who were besieging Gaeta.
It was his intention to secure himself against them, and this he would
have quickly accomplished had Alexander lived.
Such was his line of action as to present affairs. But as to the future
he had to fear, in the first place, that a new successor to the Church
might not be friendly to him and might seek to take from hM
Alexander had given him, so he decided to act in four ways. Firstly, by
exterminating the families of those lords whom he had despoiled, so as
to take away that pretext from the Pope. Secondly, by winning to
himself all the gentlemen of Rome, so as to be able to curb the Pope
with their aid, as has been observed. Thirdly, by converting the
college more to himself. Fourthly, by acquiring so much power before
the Pope should die that he could by his own measures resist the first
four things, at the death of Alexander, he had
accomplished three. For he had killed as many of the dispossessed lords
as he could lay hands on, and few had escaped; he had won over the
Roman gentlemen, and he had the most numerous party in the college. And
as to any fresh acquisition, he intended to become master of Tuscany,
for he already possessed Perugia and Piombino, and Pisa was under his
protection. And as he had no longer to study France (for the French
were already driven out of the kingdom of NapleM
s by the Spaniards, and
in this way both were compelled to buy his goodwill), he pounced down
upon Pisa. After this, Lucca and Siena yielded at once, partly through
hatred and partly through fear of the Florentines; and the Florentines
would have had no remedy had he continued to prosper, as he was
prospering the year that Alexander died, for he had acquired so much
power and reputation that he would have stood by himself, and no longer
have depended on the luck and the forces of others, but solely on his
wn power and ability.
But Alexander died five years after he had first drawn the sword. He
left the duke with the state of Romagna alone consolidated, with the
rest in the air, between two most powerful hostile armies, and sick
unto death. Yet there were in the duke such boldness and ability, and
he knew so well how men are to be won or lost, and so firm were the
foundations which in so short a time he had laid, that if he had not
had those armies on his back, or if he had been in good health, he
ve overcome all difficulties. And it is seen that his
foundations were good, for the Romagna awaited him for more than a
month. In Rome, although but half alive, he remained secure; and whilst
the Baglioni, the Vitelli, and the Orsini might come to Rome, they
could not effect anything against him. If he could not have made Pope
him whom he wished, at least the one whom he did not wish would not
have been elected. But if he had been in sound health at the death of
Alexander,[5] everything would have been diffM
erent to him. On the day
that Julius the Second[6] was elected, he told me that he had thought
of everything that might occur at the death of his father, and had
provided a remedy for all, except that he had never anticipated that,
when the death did happen, he himself would be on the point to die.
[5] Alexander VI died of fever, 18th August 1503.
[6] Julius II was Giuliano della Rovere, Cardinal of San Pietro ad
Vincula, born 1443, died 1513.
When all the actions of the duke are recalled, I do notM
blame him, but rather it appears to be, as I have said, that I ought to
offer him for imitation to all those who, by the fortune or the arms of
others, are raised to government. Because he, having a lofty spirit and
far-reaching aims, could not have regulated his conduct otherwise, and
only the shortness of the life of Alexander and his own sickness
frustrated his designs. Therefore, he who considers it necessary to
secure himself in his new principality, to win friends, to overcome
orce or fraud, to make himself beloved and feared by the
people, to be followed and revered by the soldiers, to exterminate
those who have power or reason to hurt him, to change the old order of
things for new, to be severe and gracious, magnanimous and liberal, to
destroy a disloyal soldiery and to create new, to maintain friendship
with kings and princes in such a way that they must help him with zeal
and offend with caution, cannot find a more lively example than the
actions of this man.
blamed for the election of Julius the Second, in whom he
made a bad choice, because, as is said, not being able to elect a Pope
to his own mind, he could have hindered any other from being elected
Pope; and he ought never to have consented to the election of any
cardinal whom he had injured or who had cause to fear him if they
became pontiffs. For men injure either from fear or hatred. Those whom
he had injured, amongst others, were San Pietro ad Vincula, Colonna,
San Giorgio, and Ascanio.[7] The rest, in bM
ecoming Pope, had to fear
him, Rouen and the Spaniards excepted; the latter from their
relationship and obligations, the former from his influence, the
kingdom of France having relations with him. Therefore, above
everything, the duke ought to have created a Spaniard Pope, and,
failing him, he ought to have consented to Rouen and not San Pietro ad
Vincula. He who believes that new benefits will cause great personages
to forget old injuries is deceived. Therefore, the duke erred in his
choice, and it was theM
cause of his ultimate ruin.
[7] San Giorgio is Raffaello Riario. Ascanio is Ascanio Sforza.
CONCERNING THOSE WHO HAVE OBTAINED A PRINCIPALITY BY WICKEDNESS
Although a prince may rise from a private station in two ways, neither
of which can be entirely attributed to fortune or genius, yet it is
manifest to me that I must not be silent on them, although one could be
more copiously treated when I discuss republics. These methods are
when, either by some wicked or nefarious ways, oM
principality, or when by the favour of his fellow-citizens a private
person becomes the prince of his country. And speaking of the first
method, it will be illustrated by two examples
one ancient, the other
and without entering further into the subject, I consider these
two examples will suffice those who may be compelled to follow them.
Agathocles, the Sicilian,[1] became King of Syracuse not only from a
private but from a low and abject position. This man, the son of a
r, through all the changes in his fortunes always led an infamous
life. Nevertheless, he accompanied his infamies with so much ability of
mind and body that, having devoted himself to the military profession,
he rose through its ranks to be Praetor of Syracuse. Being established
in that position, and having deliberately resolved to make himself
prince and to seize by violence, without obligation to others, that
which had been conceded to him by assent, he came to an understanding
for this purpose with AmilcaM
r, the Carthaginian, who, with his army,
was fighting in Sicily. One morning he assembled the people and the
senate of Syracuse, as if he had to discuss with them things relating
to the Republic, and at a given signal the soldiers killed all the
senators and the richest of the people; these dead, he seized and held
the princedom of that city without any civil commotion. And although he
was twice routed by the Carthaginians, and ultimately besieged, yet not
only was he able to defend his city, but leaving parM
its defence, with the others he attacked Africa, and in a short time
raised the siege of Syracuse. The Carthaginians, reduced to extreme
necessity, were compelled to come to terms with Agathocles, and,
leaving Sicily to him, had to be content with the possession of Africa.
[1] Agathocles the Sicilian, born 361 B.C., died 289 B.C.
Therefore, he who considers the actions and the genius of this man will
see nothing, or little, which can be attributed to fortune, inasmuch as
e-eminence, as is shown above, not by the favour of any
one, but step by step in the military profession, which steps were
gained with a thousand troubles and perils, and were afterwards boldly
held by him with many hazardous dangers. Yet it cannot be called talent
to slay fellow-citizens, to deceive friends, to be without faith,
without mercy, without religion; such methods may gain empire, but not
glory. Still, if the courage of Agathocles in entering into and
extricating himself from dangers be consideredM
greatness of mind in enduring and overcoming hardships, it cannot be
seen why he should be esteemed less than the most notable captain.
Nevertheless, his barbarous cruelty and inhumanity with infinite
wickedness do not permit him to be celebrated among the most excellent
men. What he achieved cannot be attributed either to fortune or genius.
In our times, during the rule of Alexander the Sixth, Oliverotto da
Fermo, having been left an orphan many years before, was brought up by
ernal uncle, Giovanni Fogliani, and in the early days of his
youth sent to fight under Pagolo Vitelli, that, being trained under his
discipline, he might attain some high position in the military
profession. After Pagolo died, he fought under his brother Vitellozzo,
and in a very short time, being endowed with wit and a vigorous body
and mind, he became the first man in his profession. But it appearing a
paltry thing to serve under others, he resolved, with the aid of some
citizens of Fermo, to whom the slavM
ery of their country was dearer than
its liberty, and with the help of the Vitelleschi, to seize Fermo. So
he wrote to Giovanni Fogliani that, having been away from home for many
years, he wished to visit him and his city, and in some measure to look
upon his patrimony; and although he had not laboured to acquire
anything except honour, yet, in order that the citizens should see he
had not spent his time in vain, he desired to come honourably, so would
be accompanied by one hundred horsemen, his friends and M
he entreated Giovanni to arrange that he should be received honourably
by the Fermians, all of which would be not only to his honour, but also
to that of Giovanni himself, who had brought him up.
Giovanni, therefore, did not fail in any attentions due to his nephew,
and he caused him to be honourably received by the Fermians, and he
lodged him in his own house, where, having passed some days, and having
arranged what was necessary for his wicked designs, Oliverotto gave a
which he invited Giovanni Fogliani and the chiefs of
Fermo. When the viands and all the other entertainments that are usual
in such banquets were finished, Oliverotto artfully began certain grave
discourses, speaking of the greatness of Pope Alexander and his son
Cesare, and of their enterprises, to which discourse Giovanni and
others answered; but he rose at once, saying that such matters ought to
be discussed in a more private place, and he betook himself to a
chamber, whither Giovanni and the rest of the M
citizens went in after
him. No sooner were they seated than soldiers issued from secret places
and slaughtered Giovanni and the rest. After these murders Oliverotto,
mounted on horseback, rode up and down the town and besieged the chief
magistrate in the palace, so that in fear the people were forced to
obey him, and to form a government, of which he made himself the
prince. He killed all the malcontents who were able to injure him, and
strengthened himself with new civil and military ordinances, in such a
way that, in the year during which he held the principality, not only
was he secure in the city of Fermo, but he had become formidable to all
his neighbours. And his destruction would have been as difficult as
that of Agathocles if he had not allowed himself to be overreached by
Cesare Borgia, who took him with the Orsini and Vitelli at Sinigalia,
as was stated above. Thus one year after he had committed this
parricide, he was strangled, together with Vitellozzo, whom he had made
his leader in valour and wicM
Some may wonder how it can happen that Agathocles, and his like, after
infinite treacheries and cruelties, should live for long secure in his
country, and defend himself from external enemies, and never be
conspired against by his own citizens; seeing that many others, by
means of cruelty, have never been able even in peaceful times to hold
the state, still less in the doubtful times of war. I believe that this
follows from severities[2] being badly or properly used. Those may be
used, if of evil it is possible to speak well, that are
applied at one blow and are necessary to one
s security, and that are
not persisted in afterwards unless they can be turned to the advantage
of the subjects. The badly employed are those which, notwithstanding
they may be few in the commencement, multiply with time rather than
decrease. Those who practise the first system are able, by aid of God
or man, to mitigate in some degree their rule, as Agathocles did. It is
impossible for those who follow theM
other to maintain themselves.
[2] Mr Burd suggests that this word probably comes near the modern
equivalent of Machiavelli
s thought when he speaks of
Hence it is to be remarked that, in seizing a state, the usurper ought
to examine closely into all those injuries which it is necessary for
him to inflict, and to do them all at one stroke so as not to have to
repeat them daily; and thus by not unsettling men he will be able to
win them to himself by benefits. He who does
otherwise, either from timidity or evil advice, is always compelled to
keep the knife in his hand; neither can he rely on his subjects, nor
can they attach themselves to him, owing to their continued and
repeated wrongs. For injuries ought to be done all at one time, so
that, being tasted less, they offend less; benefits ought to be given
little by little, so that the flavour of them may last longer.
And above all things, a prince ought to live amongst his peopM
a way that no unexpected circumstances, whether of good or evil, shall
make him change; because if the necessity for this comes in troubled
times, you are too late for harsh measures; and mild ones will not help
you, for they will be considered as forced from you, and no one will be
under any obligation to you for them.
CONCERNING A CIVIL PRINCIPALITY
But coming to the other point
where a leading citizen becomes the
prince of his country, not by wickedness or any intoleM
but by the favour of his fellow citizens
this may be called a civil
principality: nor is genius or fortune altogether necessary to attain
to it, but rather a happy shrewdness. I say then that such a
principality is obtained either by the favour of the people or by the
favour of the nobles. Because in all cities these two distinct parties
are found, and from this it arises that the people do not wish to be
ruled nor oppressed by the nobles, and the nobles wish to rule and
; and from these two opposite desires there arises in
cities one of three results, either a principality, self-government, or
A principality is created either by the people or by the nobles,
accordingly as one or other of them has the opportunity; for the
nobles, seeing they cannot withstand the people, begin to cry up the
reputation of one of themselves, and they make him a prince, so that
under his shadow they can give vent to their ambitions. The people,
finding they cannot resist the nobles, M
also cry up the reputation of
one of themselves, and make him a prince so as to be defended by his
authority. He who obtains sovereignty by the assistance of the nobles
maintains himself with more difficulty than he who comes to it by the
aid of the people, because the former finds himself with many around
him who consider themselves his equals, and because of this he can
neither rule nor manage them to his liking. But he who reaches
sovereignty by popular favour finds himself alone, and has none around
, or few, who are not prepared to obey him.
Besides this, one cannot by fair dealing, and without injury to others,
satisfy the nobles, but you can satisfy the people, for their object is
more righteous than that of the nobles, the latter wishing to oppress,
while the former only desire not to be oppressed. It is to be added
also that a prince can never secure himself against a hostile people,
because of there being too many, whilst from the nobles he can secure
himself, as they are few in number. The worsM
t that a prince may expect
from a hostile people is to be abandoned by them; but from hostile
nobles he has not only to fear abandonment, but also that they will
rise against him; for they, being in these affairs more far-seeing and
astute, always come forward in time to save themselves, and to obtain
favours from him whom they expect to prevail. Further, the prince is
compelled to live always with the same people, but he can do well
without the same nobles, being able to make and unmake them daily, and
give or take away authority when it pleases him.
Therefore, to make this point clearer, I say that the nobles ought to
be looked at mainly in two ways: that is to say, they either shape
their course in such a way as binds them entirely to your fortune, or
they do not. Those who so bind themselves, and are not rapacious, ought
to be honoured and loved; those who do not bind themselves may be dealt
with in two ways; they may fail to do this through pusillanimity and a
natural want of courage, in which case yM
ou ought to make use of them,
especially of those who are of good counsel; and thus, whilst in
prosperity you honour them, in adversity you do not have to fear them.
But when for their own ambitious ends they shun binding themselves, it
is a token that they are giving more thought to themselves than to you,
and a prince ought to guard against such, and to fear them as if they
were open enemies, because in adversity they always help to ruin him.
Therefore, one who becomes a prince through the favour of the M
ought to keep them friendly, and this he can easily do seeing they only
ask not to be oppressed by him. But one who, in opposition to the
people, becomes a prince by the favour of the nobles, ought, above
everything, to seek to win the people over to himself, and this he may
easily do if he takes them under his protection. Because men, when they
receive good from him of whom they were expecting evil, are bound more
closely to their benefactor; thus the people quickly become more
devoted to him than iM
f he had been raised to the principality by their
favours; and the prince can win their affections in many ways, but as
these vary according to the circumstances one cannot give fixed rules,
so I omit them; but, I repeat, it is necessary for a prince to have the
people friendly, otherwise he has no security in adversity.
Nabis,[1] Prince of the Spartans, sustained the attack of all Greece,
and of a victorious Roman army, and against them he defended his
country and his government; and for the overcoming ofM
only necessary for him to make himself secure against a few, but this
would not have been sufficient had the people been hostile. And do not
let any one impugn this statement with the trite proverb that
builds on the people, builds on the mud,
for this is true when a
private citizen makes a foundation there, and persuades himself that
the people will free him when he is oppressed by his enemies or by the
magistrates; wherein he would find himself very often deceived, as
ned to the Gracchi in Rome and to Messer Giorgio Scali[2] in
Florence. But granted a prince who has established himself as above,
who can command, and is a man of courage, undismayed in adversity, who
does not fail in other qualifications, and who, by his resolution and
energy, keeps the whole people encouraged
such a one will never find
himself deceived in them, and it will be shown that he has laid his
[1] Nabis, tyrant of Sparta, conquered by the Romans under Flamininus
[2] Messer Giorgio Scali. This event is to be found in Machiavelli
These principalities are liable to danger when they are passing from
the civil to the absolute order of government, for such princes either
rule personally or through magistrates. In the latter case their
government is weaker and more insecure, because it rests entirely on
the goodwill of those citizens who are raised to the magistracy, and
who, especially in troubled times, caM
n destroy the government with
great ease, either by intrigue or open defiance; and the prince has not
the chance amid tumults to exercise absolute authority, because the
citizens and subjects, accustomed to receive orders from magistrates,
are not of a mind to obey him amid these confusions, and there will
always be in doubtful times a scarcity of men whom he can trust. For
such a prince cannot rely upon what he observes in quiet times, when
citizens have need of the state, because then every one agrees withM
him; they all promise, and when death is far distant they all wish to
die for him; but in troubled times, when the state has need of its
citizens, then he finds but few. And so much the more is this
experiment dangerous, inasmuch as it can only be tried once. Therefore
a wise prince ought to adopt such a course that his citizens will
always in every sort and kind of circumstance have need of the state
and of him, and then he will always find them faithful.
CONCERNING THE WAY IN WHICH THM
E STRENGTH OF ALL PRINCIPALITIES OUGHT TO
It is necessary to consider another point in examining the character of
these principalities: that is, whether a prince has such power that, in
case of need, he can support himself with his own resources, or whether
he has always need of the assistance of others. And to make this quite
clear I say that I consider those who are able to support themselves by
their own resources who can, either by abundance of men or money, raise
a sufficient army to joM
in battle against any one who comes to attack
them; and I consider those always to have need of others who cannot
show themselves against the enemy in the field, but are forced to
defend themselves by sheltering behind walls. The first case has been
discussed, but we will speak of it again should it recur. In the second
case one can say nothing except to encourage such princes to provision
and fortify their towns, and not on any account to defend the country.
And whoever shall fortify his town well, and shalM
other concerns of his subjects in the way stated above, and to be often
repeated, will never be attacked without great caution, for men are
always adverse to enterprises where difficulties can be seen, and it
will be seen not to be an easy thing to attack one who has his town
well fortified, and is not hated by his people.
The cities of Germany are absolutely free, they own but little country
around them, and they yield obedience to the emperor when it suits
them, nor do they fear this M
or any other power they may have near them,
because they are fortified in such a way that every one thinks the
taking of them by assault would be tedious and difficult, seeing they
have proper ditches and walls, they have sufficient artillery, and they
always keep in public depots enough for one year
and firing. And beyond this, to keep the people quiet and without loss
to the state, they always have the means of giving work to the
community in those labours that are the life and strengM
and on the pursuit of which the people are supported; they also hold
military exercises in repute, and moreover have many ordinances to
Therefore, a prince who has a strong city, and had not made himself
odious, will not be attacked, or if any one should attack he will only
be driven off with disgrace; again, because that the affairs of this
world are so changeable, it is almost impossible to keep an army a
whole year in the field without being interfered with. And whoever
ould reply: If the people have property outside the city, and see it
burnt, they will not remain patient, and the long siege and
self-interest will make them forget their prince; to this I answer that
a powerful and courageous prince will overcome all such difficulties by
giving at one time hope to his subjects that the evil will not be for
long, at another time fear of the cruelty of the enemy, then preserving
himself adroitly from those subjects who seem to him to be too bold.
Further, the enemy would naM
turally on his arrival at once burn and ruin
the country at the time when the spirits of the people are still hot
and ready for the defence; and, therefore, so much the less ought the
prince to hesitate; because after a time, when spirits have cooled, the
damage is already done, the ills are incurred, and there is no longer
any remedy; and therefore they are so much the more ready to unite with
their prince, he appearing to be under obligations to them now that
their houses have been burnt and their possessiM
defence. For it is the nature of men to be bound by the benefits they
confer as much as by those they receive. Therefore, if everything is
well considered, it will not be difficult for a wise prince to keep the
minds of his citizens steadfast from first to last, when he does not
fail to support and defend them.
CONCERNING ECCLESIASTICAL PRINCIPALITIES
It only remains now to speak of ecclesiastical principalities, touching
which all difficulties are prior to gettingM
possession, because they
are acquired either by capacity or good fortune, and they can be held
without either; for they are sustained by the ancient ordinances of
religion, which are so all-powerful, and of such a character that the
principalities may be held no matter how their princes behave and live.
These princes alone have states and do not defend them; and they have
subjects and do not rule them; and the states, although unguarded, are
not taken from them, and the subjects, although not ruled, do not M
and they have neither the desire nor the ability to alienate
themselves. Such principalities only are secure and happy. But being
upheld by powers, to which the human mind cannot reach, I shall speak
no more of them, because, being exalted and maintained by God, it would
be the act of a presumptuous and rash man to discuss them.
Nevertheless, if any one should ask of me how comes it that the Church
has attained such greatness in temporal power, seeing that from
Alexander backwards the Italian potentM
ates (not only those who have
been called potentates, but every baron and lord, though the smallest)
have valued the temporal power very slightly
yet now a king of France
trembles before it, and it has been able to drive him from Italy, and
to ruin the Venetians
although this may be very manifest, it does not
appear to me superfluous to recall it in some measure to memory.
Before Charles, King of France, passed into Italy,[1] this country was
under the dominion of the Pope, the Venetians, the King of NM
Duke of Milan, and the Florentines. These potentates had two principal
anxieties: the one, that no foreigner should enter Italy under arms;
the other, that none of themselves should seize more territory. Those
about whom there was the most anxiety were the Pope and the Venetians.
To restrain the Venetians the union of all the others was necessary, as
it was for the defence of Ferrara; and to keep down the Pope they made
use of the barons of Rome, who, being divided into two factions, Orsini
olonnesi, had always a pretext for disorder, and, standing with
arms in their hands under the eyes of the Pontiff, kept the pontificate
weak and powerless. And although there might arise sometimes a
courageous pope, such as Sixtus, yet neither fortune nor wisdom could
rid him of these annoyances. And the short life of a pope is also a
cause of weakness; for in the ten years, which is the average life of a
pope, he can with difficulty lower one of the factions; and if, so to
speak, one people should almost deM
stroy the Colonnesi, another would
arise hostile to the Orsini, who would support their opponents, and yet
would not have time to ruin the Orsini. This was the reason why the
temporal powers of the pope were little esteemed in Italy.
[1] Charles VIII invaded Italy in 1494.
Alexander the Sixth arose afterwards, who of all the pontiffs that have
ever been showed how a pope with both money and arms was able to
prevail; and through the instrumentality of the Duke Valentino, and by
reason of the entry of thM
e French, he brought about all those things
which I have discussed above in the actions of the duke. And although
his intention was not to aggrandize the Church, but the duke,
nevertheless, what he did contributed to the greatness of the Church,
which, after his death and the ruin of the duke, became the heir to all
Pope Julius came afterwards and found the Church strong, possessing all
the Romagna, the barons of Rome reduced to impotence, and, through the
chastisements of Alexander, the factM
ions wiped out; he also found the
way open to accumulate money in a manner such as had never been
practised before Alexander
s time. Such things Julius not only
followed, but improved upon, and he intended to gain Bologna, to ruin
the Venetians, and to drive the French out of Italy. All of these
enterprises prospered with him, and so much the more to his credit,
inasmuch as he did everything to strengthen the Church and not any
private person. He kept also the Orsini and Colonnesi factions within
ds in which he found them; and although there was among them
some mind to make disturbance, nevertheless he held two things firm:
the one, the greatness of the Church, with which he terrified them; and
the other, not allowing them to have their own cardinals, who caused
the disorders among them. For whenever these factions have their
cardinals they do not remain quiet for long, because cardinals foster
the factions in Rome and out of it, and the barons are compelled to
support them, and thus from the ambitioM
ns of prelates arise disorders
and tumults among the barons. For these reasons his Holiness Pope
Leo[2] found the pontificate most powerful, and it is to be hoped that,
if others made it great in arms, he will make it still greater and more
venerated by his goodness and infinite other virtues.
[2] Pope Leo X was the Cardinal de
HOW MANY KINDS OF SOLDIERY THERE ARE, AND CONCERNING MERCENARIES
Having discoursed particularly on the characteristics of such
as in the beginning I proposed to discuss, and having
considered in some degree the causes of there being good or bad, and
having shown the methods by which many have sought to acquire them and
to hold them, it now remains for me to discuss generally the means of
offence and defence which belong to each of them.
We have seen above how necessary it is for a prince to have his
foundations well laid, otherwise it follows of necessity he will go to
ruin. The chief foundations of all states, new as well as old M
composite, are good laws and good arms; and as there cannot be good
laws where the state is not well armed, it follows that where they are
well armed they have good laws. I shall leave the laws out of the
discussion and shall speak of the arms.
I say, therefore, that the arms with which a prince defends his state
are either his own, or they are mercenaries, auxiliaries, or mixed.
Mercenaries and auxiliaries are useless and dangerous; and if one holds
his state based on these arms, he will stand neitherM
they are disunited, ambitious, and without discipline, unfaithful,
valiant before friends, cowardly before enemies; they have neither the
fear of God nor fidelity to men, and destruction is deferred only so
long as the attack is; for in peace one is robbed by them, and in war
by the enemy. The fact is, they have no other attraction or reason for
keeping the field than a trifle of stipend, which is not sufficient to
make them willing to die for you. They are ready enough to be your
rs whilst you do not make war, but if war comes they take
themselves off or run from the foe; which I should have little trouble
to prove, for the ruin of Italy has been caused by nothing else than by
resting all her hopes for many years on mercenaries, and although they
formerly made some display and appeared valiant amongst themselves, yet
when the foreigners came they showed what they were. Thus it was that
Charles, King of France, was allowed to seize Italy with chalk in
hand;[1] and he who told us that M
our sins were the cause of it told the
truth, but they were not the sins he imagined, but those which I have
related. And as they were the sins of princes, it is the princes who
have also suffered the penalty.
This is one of the _bons mots_
of Alexander VI, and refers to the ease with which Charles VIII seized
Italy, implying that it was only necessary for him to send his
quartermasters to chalk up the billets for his soldiers to conquer the
The History of Henry VII,
Charles had conquered the realm of Naples, and lost it again, in a
kind of a felicity of a dream. He passed the whole length of Italy
without resistance: so that it was true what Pope Alexander was wont
to say: That the Frenchmen came into Italy with chalk in their hands,
to mark up their lodgings, rather than with swords to fight.
I wish to demonstrate further the infelicity of these arms. The
mercenary captains are either capable men or thM
ey are not; if they are,
you cannot trust them, because they always aspire to their own
greatness, either by oppressing you, who are their master, or others
contrary to your intentions; but if the captain is not skilful, you are
ruined in the usual way.
And if it be urged that whoever is armed will act in the same way,
whether mercenary or not, I reply that when arms have to be resorted
to, either by a prince or a republic, then the prince ought to go in
person and perform the duty of a captain; the repubM
citizens, and when one is sent who does not turn out satisfactorily, it
ought to recall him, and when one is worthy, to hold him by the laws so
that he does not leave the command. And experience has shown princes
and republics, single-handed, making the greatest progress, and
mercenaries doing nothing except damage; and it is more difficult to
bring a republic, armed with its own arms, under the sway of one of its
citizens than it is to bring one armed with foreign arms. Rome and
stood for many ages armed and free. The Switzers are completely
armed and quite free.
Of ancient mercenaries, for example, there are the Carthaginians, who
were oppressed by their mercenary soldiers after the first war with the
Romans, although the Carthaginians had their own citizens for captains.
After the death of Epaminondas, Philip of Macedon was made captain of
their soldiers by the Thebans, and after victory he took away their
Duke Filippo being dead, the Milanese enlisted Francesco SforM
the Venetians, and he, having overcome the enemy at Caravaggio,[2]
allied himself with them to crush the Milanese, his masters. His
father, Sforza, having been engaged by Queen Johanna[3] of Naples, left
her unprotected, so that she was forced to throw herself into the arms
of the King of Aragon, in order to save her kingdom. And if the
Venetians and Florentines formerly extended their dominions by these
arms, and yet their captains did not make themselves princes, but have
defended them, I replyM
that the Florentines in this case have been
favoured by chance, for of the able captains, of whom they might have
stood in fear, some have not conquered, some have been opposed, and
others have turned their ambitions elsewhere. One who did not conquer
was Giovanni Acuto,[4] and since he did not conquer his fidelity cannot
be proved; but every one will acknowledge that, had he conquered, the
Florentines would have stood at his discretion. Sforza had the
Bracceschi always against him, so they watched each othM
turned his ambition to Lombardy; Braccio against the Church and the
kingdom of Naples. But let us come to that which happened a short while
ago. The Florentines appointed as their captain Pagolo Vitelli, a most
prudent man, who from a private position had risen to the greatest
renown. If this man had taken Pisa, nobody can deny that it would have
been proper for the Florentines to keep in with him, for if he became
the soldier of their enemies they had no means of resisting, and if
o him they must obey him. The Venetians, if their
achievements are considered, will be seen to have acted safely and
gloriously so long as they sent to war their own men, when with armed
gentlemen and plebians they did valiantly. This was before they turned
to enterprises on land, but when they began to fight on land they
forsook this virtue and followed the custom of Italy. And in the
beginning of their expansion on land, through not having much
territory, and because of their great reputation, they had notM
fear from their captains; but when they expanded, as under
Carmignuola,[5] they had a taste of this mistake; for, having found him
a most valiant man (they beat the Duke of Milan under his leadership),
and, on the other hand, knowing how lukewarm he was in the war, they
feared they would no longer conquer under him, and for this reason they
were not willing, nor were they able, to let him go; and so, not to
lose again that which they had acquired, they were compelled, in order
to secure themselves,M
to murder him. They had afterwards for their
captains Bartolomeo da Bergamo, Roberto da San Severino, the count of
Pitigliano,[6] and the like, under whom they had to dread loss and not
gain, as happened afterwards at Vaila,[7] where in one battle they lost
that which in eight hundred years they had acquired with so much
trouble. Because from such arms conquests come but slowly, long delayed
and inconsiderable, but the losses sudden and portentous.
[2] Battle of Caravaggio, 15th September 1448.
ohanna II of Naples, the widow of Ladislao, King of Naples.
[4] Giovanni Acuto. An English knight whose name was Sir John
Hawkwood. He fought in the English wars in France, and was knighted by
Edward III; afterwards he collected a body of troops and went into
Italy. These became the famous
He took part in many
wars, and died in Florence in 1394. He was born about 1320 at Sible
Hedingham, a village in Essex. He married Domnia, a daughter of
Francesco Bussone, born at Carmagnola about 1390,
executed at Venice, 5th May 1432.
[6] Bartolomeo Colleoni of Bergamo; died 1457. Roberto of San
Severino; died fighting for Venice against Sigismund, Duke of Austria,
Primo capitano in Italia.
Machiavelli. Count of Pitigliano;
Nicolo Orsini, born 1442, died 1510.
[7] Battle of Vaila in 1509.
And as with these examples I have reached Italy, which has been ruled
for many years by mercenaries, I wish to discuss them more seriously,
in order that, having seen their rise and progress, one may be better
prepared to counteract them. You must understand that the empire has
recently come to be repudiated in Italy, that the Pope has acquired
more temporal power, and that Italy has been divided up into more
states, for the reason that many of the great cities took up arms
against their nobles, who, formerly favoured by the emperor, were
oppressing them, whilst the Church was favouring them so as to gain
authority in temporal power: in many otM
hers their citizens became
princes. From this it came to pass that Italy fell partly into the
hands of the Church and of republics, and, the Church consisting of
priests and the republic of citizens unaccustomed to arms, both
commenced to enlist foreigners.
The first who gave renown to this soldiery was Alberigo da Conio,[8]
the Romagnian. From the school of this man sprang, among others,
Braccio and Sforza, who in their time were the arbiters of Italy. After
these came all the other captains who till nowM
have directed the arms
of Italy; and the end of all their valour has been, that she has been
overrun by Charles, robbed by Louis, ravaged by Ferdinand, and insulted
by the Switzers. The principle that has guided them has been, first, to
lower the credit of infantry so that they might increase their own.
They did this because, subsisting on their pay and without territory,
they were unable to support many soldiers, and a few infantry did not
give them any authority; so they were led to employ cavalry, with aM
moderate force of which they were maintained and honoured; and affairs
were brought to such a pass that, in an army of twenty thousand
soldiers, there were not to be found two thousand foot soldiers. They
had, besides this, used every art to lessen fatigue and danger to
themselves and their soldiers, not killing in the fray, but taking
prisoners and liberating without ransom. They did not attack towns at
night, nor did the garrisons of the towns attack encampments at night;
they did not surround the camp eM
ither with stockade or ditch, nor did
they campaign in the winter. All these things were permitted by their
military rules, and devised by them to avoid, as I have said, both
fatigue and dangers; thus they have brought Italy to slavery and
[8] Alberigo da Conio. Alberico da Barbiano, Count of Cunio in
Romagna. He was the leader of the famous
Company of St George,
composed entirely of Italian soldiers. He died in 1409.
CONCERNING AUXILIARIES, MIXED SOLDIERY, AND ONM
Auxiliaries, which are the other useless arm, are employed when a
prince is called in with his forces to aid and defend, as was done by
Pope Julius in the most recent times; for he, having, in the enterprise
against Ferrara, had poor proof of his mercenaries, turned to
auxiliaries, and stipulated with Ferdinand, King of Spain,[1] for his
assistance with men and arms. These arms may be useful and good in
themselves, but for him who calls them in they are always
disadvantageous; for losing, one M
is undone, and winning, one is their
[1] Ferdinand V (F. II of Aragon and Sicily, F. III of Naples),
born 1452, died 1516.
And although ancient histories may be full of examples, I do not wish
to leave this recent one of Pope Julius the Second, the peril of which
cannot fail to be perceived; for he, wishing to get Ferrara, threw
himself entirely into the hands of the foreigner. But his good fortune
brought about a third event, so that he did not reap the fruit of M
rash choice; because, having his auxiliaries routed at Ravenna, and the
Switzers having risen and driven out the conquerors (against all
expectation, both his and others), it so came to pass that he did not
become prisoner to his enemies, they having fled, nor to his
auxiliaries, he having conquered by other arms than theirs.
The Florentines, being entirely without arms, sent ten thousand
Frenchmen to take Pisa, whereby they ran more danger than at any other
time of their troubles.
onstantinople,[2] to oppose his neighbours, sent ten
thousand Turks into Greece, who, on the war being finished, were not
willing to quit; this was the beginning of the servitude of Greece to
[2] Joannes Cantacuzenus, born 1300, died 1383.
Therefore, let him who has no desire to conquer make use of these arms,
for they are much more hazardous than mercenaries, because with them
the ruin is ready made; they are all united, all yield obedience to
others; but with mercenaries, when they haveM
conquered, more time and
better opportunities are needed to injure you; they are not all of one
community, they are found and paid by you, and a third party, which you
have made their head, is not able all at once to assume enough
authority to injure you. In conclusion, in mercenaries dastardy is most
dangerous; in auxiliaries, valour. The wise prince, therefore, has
always avoided these arms and turned to his own; and has been willing
rather to lose with them than to conquer with the others, not deeming
hat a real victory which is gained with the arms of others.
I shall never hesitate to cite Cesare Borgia and his actions. This duke
entered the Romagna with auxiliaries, taking there only French
soldiers, and with them he captured Imola and Forli; but afterwards,
such forces not appearing to him reliable, he turned to mercenaries,
discerning less danger in them, and enlisted the Orsini and Vitelli;
whom presently, on handling and finding them doubtful, unfaithful, and
dangerous, he destroyed and turned to M
his own men. And the difference
between one and the other of these forces can easily be seen when one
considers the difference there was in the reputation of the duke, when
he had the French, when he had the Orsini and Vitelli, and when he
relied on his own soldiers, on whose fidelity he could always count and
found it ever increasing; he was never esteemed more highly than when
every one saw that he was complete master of his own forces.
I was not intending to go beyond Italian and recent examples, but I M
unwilling to leave out Hiero, the Syracusan, he being one of those I
have named above. This man, as I have said, made head of the army by
the Syracusans, soon found out that a mercenary soldiery, constituted
like our Italian condottieri, was of no use; and it appearing to him
that he could neither keep them nor let them go, he had them all cut to
pieces, and afterwards made war with his own forces and not with
I wish also to recall to memory an instance from the Old Testament
s subject. David offered himself to Saul to fight with
Goliath, the Philistine champion, and, to give him courage, Saul armed
him with his own weapons; which David rejected as soon as he had them
on his back, saying he could make no use of them, and that he wished to
meet the enemy with his sling and his knife. In conclusion, the arms of
others either fall from your back, or they weigh you down, or they bind
Charles the Seventh,[3] the father of King Louis the Eleventh,[4]
having by good fortuneM
and valour liberated France from the English,
recognized the necessity of being armed with forces of his own, and he
established in his kingdom ordinances concerning men-at-arms and
infantry. Afterwards his son, King Louis, abolished the infantry and
began to enlist the Switzers, which mistake, followed by others, is, as
is now seen, a source of peril to that kingdom; because, having raised
the reputation of the Switzers, he has entirely diminished the value of
his own arms, for he has destroyed the infantrM
y altogether; and his
men-at-arms he has subordinated to others, for, being as they are so
accustomed to fight along with Switzers, it does not appear that they
can now conquer without them. Hence it arises that the French cannot
stand against the Switzers, and without the Switzers they do not come
off well against others. The armies of the French have thus become
mixed, partly mercenary and partly national, both of which arms
together are much better than mercenaries alone or auxiliaries alone,
s own forces. And this example proves it, for
the kingdom of France would be unconquerable if the ordinance of
Charles had been enlarged or maintained.
[3] Charles VII of France, surnamed
[4] Louis XI, son of the above, born 1423, died 1483.
But the scanty wisdom of man, on entering into an affair which looks
well at first, cannot discern the poison that is hidden in it, as I
have said above of hectic fevers. Therefore, if he who rules a
principality cannot recognize evils until they are upon him, he is not
truly wise; and this insight is given to few. And if the first disaster
to the Roman Empire[5] should be examined, it will be found to have
commenced only with the enlisting of the Goths; because from that time
the vigour of the Roman Empire began to decline, and all that valour
which had raised it passed away to others.
Many speakers to the House the other night in the debate on the
reduction of armaments seemed to show a mostM
lamentable ignorance of
the conditions under which the British Empire maintains its existence.
When Mr Balfour replied to the allegations that the Roman Empire sank
under the weight of its military obligations, he said that this was
wholly unhistorical.
He might well have added that the Roman power
was at its zenith when every citizen acknowledged his liability to
fight for the State, but that it began to decline as soon as this
obligation was no longer recognised.
_Pall Mall Gazette_, 15tM
I conclude, therefore, that no principality is secure without having
its own forces; on the contrary, it is entirely dependent on good
fortune, not having the valour which in adversity would defend it. And
it has always been the opinion and judgment of wise men that nothing
can be so uncertain or unstable as fame or power not founded on its own
s own forces are those which are composed either of
subjects, citizens, or dependents; all others are mercenaries or
And the way to make ready one
s own forces will be easily
found if the rules suggested by me shall be reflected upon, and if one
will consider how Philip, the father of Alexander the Great, and many
republics and princes have armed and organized themselves, to which
rules I entirely commit myself.
THAT WHICH CONCERNS A PRINCE ON THE SUBJECT OF THE ART OF WAR
A prince ought to have no other aim or thought, nor select anything
else for his study, than war and its rules and discipliM
the sole art that belongs to him who rules, and it is of such force
that it not only upholds those who are born princes, but it often
enables men to rise from a private station to that rank. And, on the
contrary, it is seen that when princes have thought more of ease than
of arms they have lost their states. And the first cause of your losing
it is to neglect this art; and what enables you to acquire a state is
to be master of the art. Francesco Sforza, through being martial, from
person became Duke of Milan; and the sons, through avoiding
the hardships and troubles of arms, from dukes became private persons.
For among other evils which being unarmed brings you, it causes you to
be despised, and this is one of those ignominies against which a prince
ought to guard himself, as is shown later on. Because there is nothing
proportionate between the armed and the unarmed; and it is not
reasonable that he who is armed should yield obedience willingly to him
who is unarmed, or that the unarmM
ed man should be secure among armed
servants. Because, there being in the one disdain and in the other
suspicion, it is not possible for them to work well together. And
therefore a prince who does not understand the art of war, over and
above the other misfortunes already mentioned, cannot be respected by
his soldiers, nor can he rely on them. He ought never, therefore, to
have out of his thoughts this subject of war, and in peace he should
addict himself more to its exercise than in war; this he can do in tM
ways, the one by action, the other by study.
As regards action, he ought above all things to keep his men well
organized and drilled, to follow incessantly the chase, by which he
accustoms his body to hardships, and learns something of the nature of
localities, and gets to find out how the mountains rise, how the
valleys open out, how the plains lie, and to understand the nature of
rivers and marshes, and in all this to take the greatest care. Which
knowledge is useful in two ways. Firstly, he learns tM
country, and is better able to undertake its defence; afterwards, by
means of the knowledge and observation of that locality, he understands
with ease any other which it may be necessary for him to study
hereafter; because the hills, valleys, and plains, and rivers and
marshes that are, for instance, in Tuscany, have a certain resemblance
to those of other countries, so that with a knowledge of the aspect of
one country one can easily arrive at a knowledge of others. And the
prince that lacks thiM
s skill lacks the essential which it is desirable
that a captain should possess, for it teaches him to surprise his
enemy, to select quarters, to lead armies, to array the battle, to
besiege towns to advantage.
Philopoemen,[1] Prince of the Achaeans, among other praises which
writers have bestowed on him, is commended because in time of peace he
never had anything in his mind but the rules of war; and when he was in
the country with friends, he often stopped and reasoned with them:
be upon that hill, and we should find ourselves here
with our army, with whom would be the advantage? How should one best
advance to meet him, keeping the ranks? If we should wish to retreat,
how ought we to pursue?
And he would set forth to them, as he went,
all the chances that could befall an army; he would listen to their
opinion and state his, confirming it with reasons, so that by these
continual discussions there could never arise, in time of war, any
unexpected circumstances that he could not dealM
the last of the Greeks,
born 252 B.C., died 183
But to exercise the intellect the prince should read histories, and
study there the actions of illustrious men, to see how they have borne
themselves in war, to examine the causes of their victories and defeat,
so as to avoid the latter and imitate the former; and above all do as
an illustrious man did, who took as an exemplar one who had been
praised and famous before him, and whose achievements and deeds he
pt in his mind, as it is said Alexander the Great imitated
Achilles, Caesar Alexander, Scipio Cyrus. And whoever reads the life of
Cyrus, written by Xenophon, will recognize afterwards in the life of
Scipio how that imitation was his glory, and how in chastity,
affability, humanity, and liberality Scipio conformed to those things
which have been written of Cyrus by Xenophon. A wise prince ought to
observe some such rules, and never in peaceful times stand idle, but
increase his resources with industry in sucM
h a way that they may be
available to him in adversity, so that if fortune chances it may find
him prepared to resist her blows.
CONCERNING THINGS FOR WHICH MEN, AND ESPECIALLY PRINCES, ARE PRAISED OR
It remains now to see what ought to be the rules of conduct for a
prince towards subject and friends. And as I know that many have
written on this point, I expect I shall be considered presumptuous in
mentioning it again, especially as in discussing it I shall depart from
ethods of other people. But, it being my intention to write a
thing which shall be useful to him who apprehends it, it appears to me
more appropriate to follow up the real truth of the matter than the
imagination of it; for many have pictured republics and principalities
which in fact have never been known or seen, because how one lives is
so far distant from how one ought to live, that he who neglects what is
done for what ought to be done, sooner effects his ruin than his
preservation; for a man who wishesM
to act entirely up to his
professions of virtue soon meets with what destroys him among so much
Hence it is necessary for a prince wishing to hold his own to know how
to do wrong, and to make use of it or not according to necessity.
Therefore, putting on one side imaginary things concerning a prince,
and discussing those which are real, I say that all men when they are
spoken of, and chiefly princes for being more highly placed, are
remarkable for some of those qualities which bring them eiM
praise; and thus it is that one is reputed liberal, another miserly,
using a Tuscan term (because an avaricious person in our language is
still he who desires to possess by robbery, whilst we call one miserly
who deprives himself too much of the use of his own); one is reputed
generous, one rapacious; one cruel, one compassionate; one faithless,
another faithful; one effeminate and cowardly, another bold and brave;
one affable, another haughty; one lascivious, another chaste; one
her cunning; one hard, another easy; one grave, another
frivolous; one religious, another unbelieving, and the like. And I know
that every one will confess that it would be most praiseworthy in a
prince to exhibit all the above qualities that are considered good; but
because they can neither be entirely possessed nor observed, for human
conditions do not permit it, it is necessary for him to be sufficiently
prudent that he may know how to avoid the reproach of those vices which
would lose him his state; and M
also to keep himself, if it be possible,
from those which would not lose him it; but this not being possible, he
may with less hesitation abandon himself to them. And again, he need
not make himself uneasy at incurring a reproach for those vices without
which the state can only be saved with difficulty, for if everything is
considered carefully, it will be found that something which looks like
virtue, if followed, would be his ruin; whilst something else, which
looks like vice, yet followed brings him securiM
CONCERNING LIBERALITY AND MEANNESS
Commencing then with the first of the above-named characteristics, I
say that it would be well to be reputed liberal. Nevertheless,
liberality exercised in a way that does not bring you the reputation
for it, injures you; for if one exercises it honestly and as it should
be exercised, it may not become known, and you will not avoid the
reproach of its opposite. Therefore, any one wishing to maintain among
men the name of liberalM
is obliged to avoid no attribute of
magnificence; so that a prince thus inclined will consume in such acts
all his property, and will be compelled in the end, if he wish to
maintain the name of liberal, to unduly weigh down his people, and tax
them, and do everything he can to get money. This will soon make him
odious to his subjects, and becoming poor he will be little valued by
any one; thus, with his liberality, having offended many and rewarded
few, he is affected by the very first trouble and imperilleM
whatever may be the first danger; recognizing this himself, and wishing
to draw back from it, he runs at once into the reproach of being
Therefore, a prince, not being able to exercise this virtue of
liberality in such a way that it is recognized, except to his cost, if
he is wise he ought not to fear the reputation of being mean, for in
time he will come to be more considered than if liberal, seeing that
with his economy his revenues are enough, that he can defend himself
ks, and is able to engage in enterprises without
burdening his people; thus it comes to pass that he exercises
liberality towards all from whom he does not take, who are numberless,
and meanness towards those to whom he does not give, who are few.
We have not seen great things done in our time except by those who have
been considered mean; the rest have failed. Pope Julius the Second was
assisted in reaching the papacy by a reputation for liberality, yet he
did not strive afterwards to keep it up, when he M
made war on the King
of France; and he made many wars without imposing any extraordinary tax
on his subjects, for he supplied his additional expenses out of his
long thriftiness. The present King of Spain would not have undertaken
or conquered in so many enterprises if he had been reputed liberal. A
prince, therefore, provided that he has not to rob his subjects, that
he can defend himself, that he does not become poor and abject, that he
is not forced to become rapacious, ought to hold of little account a
reputation for being mean, for it is one of those vices which will
enable him to govern.
And if any one should say: Caesar obtained empire by liberality, and
many others have reached the highest positions by having been liberal,
and by being considered so, I answer: Either you are a prince in fact,
or in a way to become one. In the first case this liberality is
dangerous, in the second it is very necessary to be considered liberal;
and Caesar was one of those who wished to become pre-eminent in Rome;
if he had survived after becoming so, and had not moderated his
expenses, he would have destroyed his government. And if any one should
reply: Many have been princes, and have done great things with armies,
who have been considered very liberal, I reply: Either a prince spends
that which is his own or his subjects
or else that of others. In the
first case he ought to be sparing, in the second he ought not to
neglect any opportunity for liberality. And to the prince who goes
forth with his army, supportingM
it by pillage, sack, and extortion,
handling that which belongs to others, this liberality is necessary,
otherwise he would not be followed by soldiers. And of that which is
neither yours nor your subjects
you can be a ready giver, as were
Cyrus, Caesar, and Alexander; because it does not take away your
reputation if you squander that of others, but adds to it; it is only
squandering your own that injures you.
And there is nothing wastes so rapidly as liberality, for even whilst
you exercise it you loM
se the power to do so, and so become either poor
or despised, or else, in avoiding poverty, rapacious and hated. And a
prince should guard himself, above all things, against being despised
and hated; and liberality leads you to both. Therefore it is wiser to
have a reputation for meanness which brings reproach without hatred,
than to be compelled through seeking a reputation for liberality to
incur a name for rapacity which begets reproach with hatred.
CONCERNING CRUELTY AND CLEMENCY, M
AND WHETHER IT IS BETTER TO BE LOVED
Coming now to the other qualities mentioned above, I say that every
prince ought to desire to be considered clement and not cruel.
Nevertheless he ought to take care not to misuse this clemency. Cesare
Borgia was considered cruel; notwithstanding, his cruelty reconciled
the Romagna, unified it, and restored it to peace and loyalty. And if
this be rightly considered, he will be seen to have been much more
merciful than the Florentine people, who, to avoid M
cruelty, permitted Pistoia to be destroyed.[1] Therefore a prince, so
long as he keeps his subjects united and loyal, ought not to mind the
reproach of cruelty; because with a few examples he will be more
merciful than those who, through too much mercy, allow disorders to
arise, from which follow murders or robberies; for these are wont to
injure the whole people, whilst those executions which originate with a
prince offend the individual only.
[1] During the rioting between the CancelliM
factions in 1502 and 1503.
And of all princes, it is impossible for the new prince to avoid the
imputation of cruelty, owing to new states being full of dangers. Hence
Virgil, through the mouth of Dido, excuses the inhumanity of her reign
owing to its being new, saying:
Res dura, et regni novitas me talia cogunt
Moliri, et late fines custode tueri.
Nevertheless he ought to be slow to believe and to act, nor should he
himself show fear, but proceed in a temperate manner wM
humanity, so that too much confidence may not make him incautious and
too much distrust render him intolerable.
[2] . . . against my will, my fate
A throne unsettled, and an infant state,
Bid me defend my realms with all my pow
And guard with these severities my shores.
Upon this a question arises: whether it be better to be loved than
feared or feared than loved? It may be answered that one should wish to
be both, but, because it is difficult to unite them M
is much safer to be feared than loved, when, of the two, either must be
dispensed with. Because this is to be asserted in general of men, that
they are ungrateful, fickle, false, cowardly, covetous, and as long as
you succeed they are yours entirely; they will offer you their blood,
property, life, and children, as is said above, when the need is far
distant; but when it approaches they turn against you. And that prince
who, relying entirely on their promises, has neglected other
ns, is ruined; because friendships that are obtained by
payments, and not by greatness or nobility of mind, may indeed be
earned, but they are not secured, and in time of need cannot be relied
upon; and men have less scruple in offending one who is beloved than
one who is feared, for love is preserved by the link of obligation
which, owing to the baseness of men, is broken at every opportunity for
their advantage; but fear preserves you by a dread of punishment which
Nevertheless a prince ougM
ht to inspire fear in such a way that, if he
does not win love, he avoids hatred; because he can endure very well
being feared whilst he is not hated, which will always be as long as he
abstains from the property of his citizens and subjects and from their
women. But when it is necessary for him to proceed against the life of
someone, he must do it on proper justification and for manifest cause,
but above all things he must keep his hands off the property of others,
because men more quickly forget the death M
of their father than the loss
of their patrimony. Besides, pretexts for taking away the property are
never wanting; for he who has once begun to live by robbery will always
find pretexts for seizing what belongs to others; but reasons for
taking life, on the contrary, are more difficult to find and sooner
lapse. But when a prince is with his army, and has under control a
multitude of soldiers, then it is quite necessary for him to disregard
the reputation of cruelty, for without it he would never hold his arM
united or disposed to its duties.
Among the wonderful deeds of Hannibal this one is enumerated: that
having led an enormous army, composed of many various races of men, to
fight in foreign lands, no dissensions arose either among them or
against the prince, whether in his bad or in his good fortune. This
arose from nothing else than his inhuman cruelty, which, with his
boundless valour, made him revered and terrible in the sight of his
soldiers, but without that cruelty, his other virtues were not
ficient to produce this effect. And short-sighted writers admire his
deeds from one point of view and from another condemn the principal
cause of them. That it is true his other virtues would not have been
sufficient for him may be proved by the case of Scipio, that most
excellent man, not only of his own times but within the memory of man,
against whom, nevertheless, his army rebelled in Spain; this arose from
nothing but his too great forbearance, which gave his soldiers more
license than is consistent witM
h military discipline. For this he was
upbraided in the Senate by Fabius Maximus, and called the corrupter of
the Roman soldiery. The Locrians were laid waste by a legate of Scipio,
yet they were not avenged by him, nor was the insolence of the legate
punished, owing entirely to his easy nature. Insomuch that someone in
the Senate, wishing to excuse him, said there were many men who knew
much better how not to err than to correct the errors of others. This
disposition, if he had been continued in the commandM
destroyed in time the fame and glory of Scipio; but, he being under the
control of the Senate, this injurious characteristic not only concealed
itself, but contributed to his glory.
Returning to the question of being feared or loved, I come to the
conclusion that, men loving according to their own will and fearing
according to that of the prince, a wise prince should establish himself
on that which is in his own control and not in that of others; he must
endeavour only to avoid hatred, as is M
CONCERNING THE WAY IN WHICH PRINCES SHOULD KEEP FAITH
The present chapter has given greater offence than any other
portion of Machiavelli
Every one admits how praiseworthy it is in a prince to keep faith, and
to live with integrity and not with craft. Nevertheless our experience
has been that those princes who have done great things have held good
faith of little account, and have known how to circumvent the inM
of men by craft, and in the end have overcome those who have relied on
their word. You must know there are two ways of contesting,[2] the one
by the law, the other by force; the first method is proper to men, the
second to beasts; but because the first is frequently not sufficient,
it is necessary to have recourse to the second. Therefore it is
necessary for a prince to understand how to avail himself of the beast
and the man. This has been figuratively taught to princes by ancient
ribe how Achilles and many other princes of old were
given to the Centaur Chiron to nurse, who brought them up in his
discipline; which means solely that, as they had for a teacher one who
was half beast and half man, so it is necessary for a prince to know
how to make use of both natures, and that one without the other is not
durable. A prince, therefore, being compelled knowingly to adopt the
beast, ought to choose the fox and the lion; because the lion cannot
defend himself against snares and the fox cannM
ot defend himself against
wolves. Therefore, it is necessary to be a fox to discover the snares
and a lion to terrify the wolves. Those who rely simply on the lion do
not understand what they are about. Therefore a wise lord cannot, nor
ought he to, keep faith when such observance may be turned against him,
and when the reasons that caused him to pledge it exist no longer. If
men were entirely good this precept would not hold, but because they
are bad, and will not keep faith with you, you too are not bound M
observe it with them. Nor will there ever be wanting to a prince
legitimate reasons to excuse this non-observance. Of this endless
modern examples could be given, showing how many treaties and
engagements have been made void and of no effect through the
faithlessness of princes; and he who has known best how to employ the
fox has succeeded best.
striving for mastery.
that this passage is imitated directly from Cicero
m cum sint duo genera decertandi, unum per disceptationem, alterum
per vim; cumque illud proprium sit hominis, hoc beluarum; confugiendum
est ad posterius, si uti non licet superiore.
But it is necessary to know well how to disguise this characteristic,
and to be a great pretender and dissembler; and men are so simple, and
so subject to present necessities, that he who seeks to deceive will
always find someone who will allow himself to be deceived. One recent
example I cannot pass over in silence. AleM
xander the Sixth did nothing
else but deceive men, nor ever thought of doing otherwise, and he
always found victims; for there never was a man who had greater power
in asserting, or who with greater oaths would affirm a thing, yet would
observe it less; nevertheless his deceits always succeeded according to
his wishes,[3] because he well understood this side of mankind.
Nondimanco sempre gli succederono gli inganni (ad votum).
are omitted in the Testina addition, 1550.
Alexander never did what he said,
Cesare never said what he did.
Therefore it is unnecessary for a prince to have all the good qualities
I have enumerated, but it is very necessary to appear to have them. And
I shall dare to say this also, that to have them and always to observe
them is injurious, and that to appear to have them is useful; to appear
merciful, faithful, humane, religious, upright, and to be so, but with
a mind so framed that should you require not to be so, you may beM
and know how to change to the opposite.
And you have to understand this, that a prince, especially a new one,
cannot observe all those things for which men are esteemed, being often
forced, in order to maintain the state, to act contrary to fidelity,[4]
friendship, humanity, and religion. Therefore it is necessary for him
to have a mind ready to turn itself accordingly as the winds and
variations of fortune force it, yet, as I have said above, not to
diverge from the good if he can avoid doing so, bM
ut, if compelled, then
to know how to set about it.
Contrary to fidelity
altogether faithful,
in the next paragraph. It is noteworthy
that these two phrases,
omitted in the Testina edition, which was published with the sanction
of the papal authorities. It may be that the meaning attached to the
_i.e_. the Catholic creed, and not as
Observe that the word
was suffered to stand in the text of the Testina, being
used to signify indifferently every shade of belief, as witness
a phrase inevitably employed to designate the Huguenot
heresy. South in his Sermon IX, p. 69, ed. 1843, comments on this
passage as follows:
That great patron and Coryphaeus of this tribe,
Nicolo Machiavel, laid down this for a master rule in his political
ow of religion was helpful to the politician, but
the reality of it hurtful and pernicious.
For this reason a prince ought to take care that he never lets anything
slip from his lips that is not replete with the above-named five
qualities, that he may appear to him who sees and hears him altogether
merciful, faithful, humane, upright, and religious. There is nothing
more necessary to appear to have than this last quality, inasmuch as
men judge generally more by the eye than by the hand, because it
belongs to everybody to see you, to few to come in touch with you.
Every one sees what you appear to be, few really know what you are, and
those few dare not oppose themselves to the opinion of the many, who
have the majesty of the state to defend them; and in the actions of all
men, and especially of princes, which it is not prudent to challenge,
one judges by the result.
For that reason, let a prince have the credit of conquering and holding
his state, the means will always be considered honest, and he wM
praised by everybody; because the vulgar are always taken by what a
thing seems to be and by what comes of it; and in the world there are
only the vulgar, for the few find a place there only when the many have
no ground to rest on.
One prince[5] of the present time, whom it is not well to name, never
preaches anything else but peace and good faith, and to both he is most
hostile, and either, if he had kept it, would have deprived him of
reputation and kingdom many a time.
[5] Ferdinand of AragoM
When Machiavelli was writing _The Prince_ it
would have been clearly impossible to mention Ferdinand
without giving offence.
THAT ONE SHOULD AVOID BEING DESPISED AND HATED
Now, concerning the characteristics of which mention is made above, I
have spoken of the more important ones, the others I wish to discuss
briefly under this generality, that the prince must consider, as has
been in part said before, how to avoid those tM
hings which will make him
hated or contemptible; and as often as he shall have succeeded he will
have fulfilled his part, and he need not fear any danger in other
It makes him hated above all things, as I have said, to be rapacious,
and to be a violator of the property and women of his subjects, from
both of which he must abstain. And when neither their property nor
their honor is touched, the majority of men live content, and he has
only to contend with the ambition of a few, whom he can curbM
It makes him contemptible to be considered fickle, frivolous,
effeminate, mean-spirited, irresolute, from all of which a prince
should guard himself as from a rock; and he should endeavour to show in
his actions greatness, courage, gravity, and fortitude; and in his
private dealings with his subjects let him show that his judgments are
irrevocable, and maintain himself in such reputation that no one can
hope either to deceive him or to get round him.
That prince is highly esteeM
med who conveys this impression of himself,
and he who is highly esteemed is not easily conspired against; for,
provided it is well known that he is an excellent man and revered by
his people, he can only be attacked with difficulty. For this reason a
prince ought to have two fears, one from within, on account of his
subjects, the other from without, on account of external powers. From
the latter he is defended by being well armed and having good allies,
and if he is well armed he will have good friends, andM
always remain quiet within when they are quiet without, unless they
should have been already disturbed by conspiracy; and even should
affairs outside be disturbed, if he has carried out his preparations
and has lived as I have said, as long as he does not despair, he will
resist every attack, as I said Nabis the Spartan did.
But concerning his subjects, when affairs outside are disturbed he has
only to fear that they will conspire secretly, from which a prince can
easily secure himself by avM
oiding being hated and despised, and by
keeping the people satisfied with him, which it is most necessary for
him to accomplish, as I said above at length. And one of the most
efficacious remedies that a prince can have against conspiracies is not
to be hated and despised by the people, for he who conspires against a
prince always expects to please them by his removal; but when the
conspirator can only look forward to offending them, he will not have
the courage to take such a course, for the difficulties thM
conspirator are infinite. And as experience shows, many have been the
conspiracies, but few have been successful; because he who conspires
cannot act alone, nor can he take a companion except from those whom he
believes to be malcontents, and as soon as you have opened your mind to
a malcontent you have given him the material with which to content
himself, for by denouncing you he can look for every advantage; so
that, seeing the gain from this course to be assured, and seeing the
doubtful and full of dangers, he must be a very rare
friend, or a thoroughly obstinate enemy of the prince, to keep faith
And, to reduce the matter into a small compass, I say that, on the side
of the conspirator, there is nothing but fear, jealousy, prospect of
punishment to terrify him; but on the side of the prince there is the
majesty of the principality, the laws, the protection of friends and
the state to defend him; so that, adding to all these things the
popular goodwill, it is impossiblM
e that any one should be so rash as to
conspire. For whereas in general the conspirator has to fear before the
execution of his plot, in this case he has also to fear the sequel to
the crime; because on account of it he has the people for an enemy, and
thus cannot hope for any escape.
Endless examples could be given on this subject, but I will be content
with one, brought to pass within the memory of our fathers. Messer
Annibale Bentivogli, who was prince in Bologna (grandfather of the
present Annibale), M
having been murdered by the Canneschi, who had
conspired against him, not one of his family survived but Messer
Giovanni,[1] who was in childhood: immediately after his assassination
the people rose and murdered all the Canneschi. This sprung from the
popular goodwill which the house of Bentivogli enjoyed in those days in
Bologna; which was so great that, although none remained there after
the death of Annibale who was able to rule the state, the Bolognese,
having information that there was one of the BentivM
Florence, who up to that time had been considered the son of a
blacksmith, sent to Florence for him and gave him the government of
their city, and it was ruled by him until Messer Giovanni came in due
course to the government.
[1] Giovanni Bentivogli, born in Bologna 1438, died at Milan 1508. He
ruled Bologna from 1462 to 1506. Machiavelli
s strong condemnation of
conspiracies may get its edge from his own very recent experience
(February 1513), when he had been arrested and tortured M
alleged complicity in the Boscoli conspiracy.
For this reason I consider that a prince ought to reckon conspiracies
of little account when his people hold him in esteem; but when it is
hostile to him, and bears hatred towards him, he ought to fear
everything and everybody. And well-ordered states and wise princes have
taken every care not to drive the nobles to desperation, and to keep
the people satisfied and contented, for this is one of the most
important objects a prince can have.
e best ordered and governed kingdoms of our times is France,
and in it are found many good institutions on which depend the liberty
and security of the king; of these the first is the parliament and its
authority, because he who founded the kingdom, knowing the ambition of
the nobility and their boldness, considered that a bit to their mouths
would be necessary to hold them in; and, on the other side, knowing the
hatred of the people, founded in fear, against the nobles, he wished to
protect them, yet he wasM
not anxious for this to be the particular care
of the king; therefore, to take away the reproach which he would be
liable to from the nobles for favouring the people, and from the people
for favouring the nobles, he set up an arbiter, who should be one who
could beat down the great and favour the lesser without reproach to the
king. Neither could you have a better or a more prudent arrangement, or
a greater source of security to the king and kingdom. From this one can
draw another important conclusion, thatM
princes ought to leave affairs
of reproach to the management of others, and keep those of grace in
their own hands. And further, I consider that a prince ought to cherish
the nobles, but not so as to make himself hated by the people.
It may appear, perhaps, to some who have examined the lives and deaths
of the Roman emperors that many of them would be an example contrary to
my opinion, seeing that some of them lived nobly and showed great
qualities of soul, nevertheless they have lost their empire or haveM
been killed by subjects who have conspired against them. Wishing,
therefore, to answer these objections, I will recall the characters of
some of the emperors, and will show that the causes of their ruin were
not different to those alleged by me; at the same time I will only
submit for consideration those things that are noteworthy to him who
studies the affairs of those times.
It seems to me sufficient to take all those emperors who succeeded to
the empire from Marcus the philosopher down to Maximinus; tM
Marcus and his son Commodus, Pertinax, Julian, Severus and his son
Antoninus Caracalla, Macrinus, Heliogabalus, Alexander, and Maximinus.
There is first to note that, whereas in other principalities the
ambition of the nobles and the insolence of the people only have to be
contended with, the Roman emperors had a third difficulty in having to
put up with the cruelty and avarice of their soldiers, a matter so
beset with difficulties that it was the ruin of many; for it was a hard
isfaction both to soldiers and people; because the
people loved peace, and for this reason they loved the unaspiring
prince, whilst the soldiers loved the warlike prince who was bold,
cruel, and rapacious, which qualities they were quite willing he should
exercise upon the people, so that they could get double pay and give
vent to their own greed and cruelty. Hence it arose that those emperors
were always overthrown who, either by birth or training, had no great
authority, and most of them, especially those M
principality, recognizing the difficulty of these two opposing humours,
were inclined to give satisfaction to the soldiers, caring little about
injuring the people. Which course was necessary, because, as princes
cannot help being hated by someone, they ought, in the first place, to
avoid being hated by every one, and when they cannot compass this, they
ought to endeavour with the utmost diligence to avoid the hatred of the
most powerful. Therefore, those emperors who through inexperienceM
need of special favour adhered more readily to the soldiers than to the
people; a course which turned out advantageous to them or not,
accordingly as the prince knew how to maintain authority over them.
From these causes it arose that Marcus, Pertinax, and Alexander, being
all men of modest life, lovers of justice, enemies to cruelty, humane,
and benignant, came to a sad end except Marcus; he alone lived and died
honoured, because he had succeeded to the throne by hereditary title,
ither to the soldiers or the people; and afterwards,
being possessed of many virtues which made him respected, he always
kept both orders in their places whilst he lived, and was neither hated
But Pertinax was created emperor against the wishes of the soldiers,
who, being accustomed to live licentiously under Commodus, could not
endure the honest life to which Pertinax wished to reduce them; thus,
having given cause for hatred, to which hatred there was added contempt
for his old age, he wasM
overthrown at the very beginning of his
administration. And here it should be noted that hatred is acquired as
much by good works as by bad ones, therefore, as I said before, a
prince wishing to keep his state is very often forced to do evil; for
when that body is corrupt whom you think you have need of to maintain
it may be either the people or the soldiers or the nobles
have to submit to its humours and to gratify them, and then good works
But let us come to AlexanderM
, who was a man of such great goodness,
that among the other praises which are accorded him is this, that in
the fourteen years he held the empire no one was ever put to death by
him unjudged; nevertheless, being considered effeminate and a man who
allowed himself to be governed by his mother, he became despised, the
army conspired against him, and murdered him.
Turning now to the opposite characters of Commodus, Severus, Antoninus
Caracalla, and Maximinus, you will find them all cruel and
ho, to satisfy their soldiers, did not hesitate to
commit every kind of iniquity against the people; and all, except
Severus, came to a bad end; but in Severus there was so much valour
that, keeping the soldiers friendly, although the people were oppressed
by him, he reigned successfully; for his valour made him so much
admired in the sight of the soldiers and people that the latter were
kept in a way astonished and awed and the former respectful and
satisfied. And because the actions of this man, as a new pM
great, I wish to show briefly that he knew well how to counterfeit the
fox and the lion, which natures, as I said above, it is necessary for a
Knowing the sloth of the Emperor Julian, he persuaded the army in
Sclavonia, of which he was captain, that it would be right to go to
Rome and avenge the death of Pertinax, who had been killed by the
praetorian soldiers; and under this pretext, without appearing to
aspire to the throne, he moved the army on Rome, and reached Italy
fore it was known that he had started. On his arrival at Rome, the
Senate, through fear, elected him emperor and killed Julian. After this
there remained for Severus, who wished to make himself master of the
whole empire, two difficulties; one in Asia, where Niger, head of the
Asiatic army, had caused himself to be proclaimed emperor; the other in
the west where Albinus was, who also aspired to the throne. And as he
considered it dangerous to declare himself hostile to both, he decided
to attack Niger and toM
deceive Albinus. To the latter he wrote that,
being elected emperor by the Senate, he was willing to share that
dignity with him and sent him the title of Caesar; and, moreover, that
the Senate had made Albinus his colleague; which things were accepted
by Albinus as true. But after Severus had conquered and killed Niger,
and settled oriental affairs, he returned to Rome and complained to the
Senate that Albinus, little recognizing the benefits that he had
received from him, had by treachery sought to murderM
ingratitude he was compelled to punish him. Afterwards he sought him
out in France, and took from him his government and life. He who will,
therefore, carefully examine the actions of this man will find him a
most valiant lion and a most cunning fox; he will find him feared and
respected by every one, and not hated by the army; and it need not be
wondered at that he, a new man, was able to hold the empire so well,
because his supreme renown always protected him from that hatred which
people might have conceived against him for his violence.
But his son Antoninus was a most eminent man, and had very excellent
qualities, which made him admirable in the sight of the people and
acceptable to the soldiers, for he was a warlike man, most enduring of
fatigue, a despiser of all delicate food and other luxuries, which
caused him to be beloved by the armies. Nevertheless, his ferocity and
cruelties were so great and so unheard of that, after endless single
murders, he killed a large number of thM
e people of Rome and all those
of Alexandria. He became hated by the whole world, and also feared by
those he had around him, to such an extent that he was murdered in the
midst of his army by a centurion. And here it must be noted that
such-like deaths, which are deliberately inflicted with a resolved and
desperate courage, cannot be avoided by princes, because any one who
does not fear to die can inflict them; but a prince may fear them the
less because they are very rare; he has only to be careful not to M
any grave injury to those whom he employs or has around him in the
service of the state. Antoninus had not taken this care, but had
contumeliously killed a brother of that centurion, whom also he daily
threatened, yet retained in his bodyguard; which, as it turned out, was
a rash thing to do, and proved the emperor
But let us come to Commodus, to whom it should have been very easy to
hold the empire, for, being the son of Marcus, he had inherited it, and
he had only to follow in the footstepsM
of his father to please his
people and soldiers; but, being by nature cruel and brutal, he gave
himself up to amusing the soldiers and corrupting them, so that he
might indulge his rapacity upon the people; on the other hand, not
maintaining his dignity, often descending to the theatre to compete
with gladiators, and doing other vile things, little worthy of the
imperial majesty, he fell into contempt with the soldiers, and being
hated by one party and despised by the other, he was conspired against
It remains to discuss the character of Maximinus. He was a very warlike
man, and the armies, being disgusted with the effeminacy of Alexander,
of whom I have already spoken, killed him and elected Maximinus to the
throne. This he did not possess for long, for two things made him hated
and despised; the one, his having kept sheep in Thrace, which brought
him into contempt (it being well known to all, and considered a great
indignity by every one), and the other, his having at the accession to
dominions deferred going to Rome and taking possession of the
imperial seat; he had also gained a reputation for the utmost ferocity
by having, through his prefects in Rome and elsewhere in the empire,
practised many cruelties, so that the whole world was moved to anger at
the meanness of his birth and to fear at his barbarity. First Africa
rebelled, then the Senate with all the people of Rome, and all Italy
conspired against him, to which may be added his own army; this latter,
besieging Aquileia and meetiM
ng with difficulties in taking it, were
disgusted with his cruelties, and fearing him less when they found so
many against him, murdered him.
I do not wish to discuss Heliogabalus, Macrinus, or Julian, who, being
thoroughly contemptible, were quickly wiped out; but I will bring this
discourse to a conclusion by saying that princes in our times have this
difficulty of giving inordinate satisfaction to their soldiers in a far
less degree, because, notwithstanding one has to give them some
s soon done; none of these princes have armies that
are veterans in the governance and administration of provinces, as were
the armies of the Roman Empire; and whereas it was then more necessary
to give satisfaction to the soldiers than to the people, it is now more
necessary to all princes, except the Turk and the Soldan, to satisfy
the people rather the soldiers, because the people are the more
From the above I have excepted the Turk, who always keeps round him
twelve thousand infantry and fifM
teen thousand cavalry on which depend
the security and strength of the kingdom, and it is necessary that,
putting aside every consideration for the people, he should keep them
his friends. The kingdom of the Soldan is similar; being entirely in
the hands of soldiers, it follows again that, without regard to the
people, he must keep them his friends. But you must note that the state
of the Soldan is unlike all other principalities, for the reason that
it is like the Christian pontificate, which cannot be callM
hereditary or a newly formed principality; because the sons of the old
prince are not the heirs, but he who is elected to that position by
those who have authority, and the sons remain only noblemen. And this
being an ancient custom, it cannot be called a new principality,
because there are none of those difficulties in it that are met with in
new ones; for although the prince is new, the constitution of the state
is old, and it is framed so as to receive him as if he were its
But returning to the subject of our discourse, I say that whoever will
consider it will acknowledge that either hatred or contempt has been
fatal to the above-named emperors, and it will be recognized also how
it happened that, a number of them acting in one way and a number in
another, only one in each way came to a happy end and the rest to
unhappy ones. Because it would have been useless and dangerous for
Pertinax and Alexander, being new princes, to imitate Marcus, who was
heir to the principality; anM
d likewise it would have been utterly
destructive to Caracalla, Commodus, and Maximinus to have imitated
Severus, they not having sufficient valour to enable them to tread in
his footsteps. Therefore a prince, new to the principality, cannot
imitate the actions of Marcus, nor, again, is it necessary to follow
those of Severus, but he ought to take from Severus those parts which
are necessary to found his state, and from Marcus those which are
proper and glorious to keep a state that may already be stable andM
ARE FORTRESSES, AND MANY OTHER THINGS TO WHICH PRINCES OFTEN RESORT,
ADVANTAGEOUS OR HURTFUL?
1. Some princes, so as to hold securely the state, have disarmed their
subjects; others have kept their subject towns distracted by factions;
others have fostered enmities against themselves; others have laid
themselves out to gain over those whom they distrusted in the beginning
of their governments; some have built fortresses; some have overthrown
and destroyed them. And although M
one cannot give a final judgment on
all of these things unless one possesses the particulars of those
states in which a decision has to be made, nevertheless I will speak as
comprehensively as the matter of itself will admit.
2. There never was a new prince who has disarmed his subjects; rather
when he has found them disarmed he has always armed them, because, by
arming them, those arms become yours, those men who were distrusted
become faithful, and those who were faithful are kept so, and your
become your adherents. And whereas all subjects cannot be
armed, yet when those whom you do arm are benefited, the others can be
handled more freely, and this difference in their treatment, which they
quite understand, makes the former your dependents, and the latter,
considering it to be necessary that those who have the most danger and
service should have the most reward, excuse you. But when you disarm
them, you at once offend them by showing that you distrust them, either
for cowardice or for want of loyM
alty, and either of these opinions
breeds hatred against you. And because you cannot remain unarmed, it
follows that you turn to mercenaries, which are of the character
already shown; even if they should be good they would not be sufficient
to defend you against powerful enemies and distrusted subjects.
Therefore, as I have said, a new prince in a new principality has
always distributed arms. Histories are full of examples. But when a
prince acquires a new state, which he adds as a province to his old
then it is necessary to disarm the men of that state, except those
who have been his adherents in acquiring it; and these again, with time
and opportunity, should be rendered soft and effeminate; and matters
should be managed in such a way that all the armed men in the state
shall be your own soldiers who in your old state were living near you.
3. Our forefathers, and those who were reckoned wise, were accustomed
to say that it was necessary to hold Pistoia by factions and Pisa by
fortresses; and with thisM
idea they fostered quarrels in some of their
tributary towns so as to keep possession of them the more easily. This
may have been well enough in those times when Italy was in a way
balanced, but I do not believe that it can be accepted as a precept for
to-day, because I do not believe that factions can ever be of use;
rather it is certain that when the enemy comes upon you in divided
cities you are quickly lost, because the weakest party will always
assist the outside forces and the other will not be able tM
Venetians, moved, as I believe, by the above reasons, fostered the
Guelph and Ghibelline factions in their tributary cities; and although
they never allowed them to come to bloodshed, yet they nursed these
disputes amongst them, so that the citizens, distracted by their
differences, should not unite against them. Which, as we saw, did not
afterwards turn out as expected, because, after the rout at Vaila, one
party at once took courage and seized the state. Such methods argue,
ss in the prince, because these factions will never be
permitted in a vigorous principality; such methods for enabling one the
more easily to manage subjects are only useful in times of peace, but
if war comes this policy proves fallacious.
4. Without doubt princes become great when they overcome the
difficulties and obstacles by which they are confronted, and therefore
fortune, especially when she desires to make a new prince great, who
has a greater necessity to earn renown than an hereditary one, causesM
enemies to arise and form designs against him, in order that he may
have the opportunity of overcoming them, and by them to mount higher,
as by a ladder which his enemies have raised. For this reason many
consider that a wise prince, when he has the opportunity, ought with
craft to foster some animosity against himself, so that, having crushed
it, his renown may rise higher.
5. Princes, especially new ones, have found more fidelity and
assistance in those men who in the beginning of their rule were
rusted than among those who in the beginning were trusted. Pandolfo
Petrucci, Prince of Siena, ruled his state more by those who had been
distrusted than by others. But on this question one cannot speak
generally, for it varies so much with the individual; I will only say
this, that those men who at the commencement of a princedom have been
hostile, if they are of a description to need assistance to support
themselves, can always be gained over with the greatest ease, and they
will be tightly held to serve tM
he prince with fidelity, inasmuch as
they know it to be very necessary for them to cancel by deeds the bad
impression which he had formed of them; and thus the prince always
extracts more profit from them than from those who, serving him in too
much security, may neglect his affairs. And since the matter demands
it, I must not fail to warn a prince, who by means of secret favours
has acquired a new state, that he must well consider the reasons which
induced those to favour him who did so; and if it be not a M
affection towards him, but only discontent with their government, then
he will only keep them friendly with great trouble and difficulty, for
it will be impossible to satisfy them. And weighing well the reasons
for this in those examples which can be taken from ancient and modern
affairs, we shall find that it is easier for the prince to make friends
of those men who were contented under the former government, and are
therefore his enemies, than of those who, being discontented with it,
ble to him and encouraged him to seize it.
6. It has been a custom with princes, in order to hold their states
more securely, to build fortresses that may serve as a bridle and bit
to those who might design to work against them, and as a place of
refuge from a first attack. I praise this system because it has been
made use of formerly. Notwithstanding that, Messer Nicolo Vitelli in
our times has been seen to demolish two fortresses in Citta di Castello
so that he might keep that state; Guido Ubaldo, Duke oM
returning to his dominion, whence he had been driven by Cesare Borgia,
razed to the foundations all the fortresses in that province, and
considered that without them it would be more difficult to lose it; the
Bentivogli returning to Bologna came to a similar decision. Fortresses,
therefore, are useful or not according to circumstances; if they do you
good in one way they injure you in another. And this question can be
reasoned thus: the prince who has more to fear from the people than
igners ought to build fortresses, but he who has more to fear
from foreigners than from the people ought to leave them alone. The
castle of Milan, built by Francesco Sforza, has made, and will make,
more trouble for the house of Sforza than any other disorder in the
state. For this reason the best possible fortress is
the people, because, although you may hold the fortresses, yet they
will not save you if the people hate you, for there will never be
wanting foreigners to assist a people M
who have taken arms against you.
It has not been seen in our times that such fortresses have been of use
to any prince, unless to the Countess of Forli,[1] when the Count
Girolamo, her consort, was killed; for by that means she was able to
withstand the popular attack and wait for assistance from Milan, and
thus recover her state; and the posture of affairs was such at that
time that the foreigners could not assist the people. But fortresses
were of little value to her afterwards when Cesare Borgia attacked M
and when the people, her enemy, were allied with foreigners. Therefore,
it would have been safer for her, both then and before, not to have
been hated by the people than to have had the fortresses. All these
things considered then, I shall praise him who builds fortresses as
well as him who does not, and I shall blame whoever, trusting in them,
cares little about being hated by the people.
[1] Catherine Sforza, a daughter of Galeazzo Sforza and Lucrezia
Landriani, born 1463, died 1509. It was to thM
e Countess of Forli that
Machiavelli was sent as envoy on 1499. A letter from Fortunati to the
countess announces the appointment:
I have been with the signori,
to learn whom they would send and when. They tell me
that Nicolo Machiavelli, a learned young Florentine noble, secretary
to my Lords of the Ten, is to leave with me at once.
by Count Pasolini, translated by P. Sylvester, 1898.
HOW A PRINCE SHOULD CONDUCT HIMSELF SM
Nothing makes a prince so much esteemed as great enterprises and
setting a fine example. We have in our time Ferdinand of Aragon, the
present King of Spain. He can almost be called a new prince, because he
has risen, by fame and glory, from being an insignificant king to be
the foremost king in Christendom; and if you will consider his deeds
you will find them all great and some of them extraordinary. In the
beginning of his reign he attacked Granada, and this enterprise was the
dation of his dominions. He did this quietly at first and without
any fear of hindrance, for he held the minds of the barons of Castile
occupied in thinking of the war and not anticipating any innovations;
thus they did not perceive that by these means he was acquiring power
and authority over them. He was able with the money of the Church and
of the people to sustain his armies, and by that long war to lay the
foundation for the military skill which has since distinguished him.
Further, always using religioM
n as a plea, so as to undertake greater
schemes, he devoted himself with pious cruelty to driving out and
clearing his kingdom of the Moors; nor could there be a more admirable
example, nor one more rare. Under this same cloak he assailed Africa,
he came down on Italy, he has finally attacked France; and thus his
achievements and designs have always been great, and have kept the
minds of his people in suspense and admiration and occupied with the
issue of them. And his actions have arisen in such a way, one M
the other, that men have never been given time to work steadily against
Again, it much assists a prince to set unusual examples in internal
affairs, similar to those which are related of Messer Bernabo da
Milano, who, when he had the opportunity, by any one in civil life
doing some extraordinary thing, either good or bad, would take some
method of rewarding or punishing him, which would be much spoken about.
And a prince ought, above all things, always endeavour in every action
mself the reputation of being a great and remarkable man.
A prince is also respected when he is either a true friend or a
downright enemy, that is to say, when, without any reservation, he
declares himself in favour of one party against the other; which course
will always be more advantageous than standing neutral; because if two
of your powerful neighbours come to blows, they are of such a character
that, if one of them conquers, you have either to fear him or not. In
either case it will always be more adM
vantageous for you to declare
yourself and to make war strenuously; because, in the first case, if
you do not declare yourself, you will invariably fall a prey to the
conqueror, to the pleasure and satisfaction of him who has been
conquered, and you will have no reasons to offer, nor anything to
protect or to shelter you. Because he who conquers does not want
doubtful friends who will not aid him in the time of trial; and he who
loses will not harbour you because you did not willingly, sword in
Antiochus went into Greece, being sent for by the
tolians to drive out
the Romans. He sent envoys to the Achaeans, who were friends of the
Romans, exhorting them to remain neutral; and on the other hand the
Romans urged them to take up arms. This question came to be discussed
in the council of the Achaeans, where the legate of Antiochus urged
them to stand neutral. To this the Roman legate answered:
which has been said, that it is better and more advantageous for your
to interfere in our war, nothing can be more erroneous;
because by not interfering you will be left, without favour or
consideration, the guerdon of the conqueror.
Thus it will always
happen that he who is not your friend will demand your neutrality,
whilst he who is your friend will entreat you to declare yourself with
arms. And irresolute princes, to avoid present dangers, generally
follow the neutral path, and are generally ruined. But when a prince
declares himself gallantly in favour of one side, if M
whom he allies himself conquers, although the victor may be powerful
and may have him at his mercy, yet he is indebted to him, and there is
established a bond of amity; and men are never so shameless as to
become a monument of ingratitude by oppressing you. Victories after all
are never so complete that the victor must not show some regard,
especially to justice. But if he with whom you ally yourself loses, you
may be sheltered by him, and whilst he is able he may aid you, and you
anions on a fortune that may rise again.
In the second case, when those who fight are of such a character that
you have no anxiety as to who may conquer, so much the more is it
greater prudence to be allied, because you assist at the destruction of
one by the aid of another who, if he had been wise, would have saved
him; and conquering, as it is impossible that he should not do with
your assistance, he remains at your discretion. And here it is to be
noted that a prince ought to take care never to make an M
one more powerful than himself for the purposes of attacking others,
unless necessity compels him, as is said above; because if he conquers
you are at his discretion, and princes ought to avoid as much as
possible being at the discretion of any one. The Venetians joined with
France against the Duke of Milan, and this alliance, which caused their
ruin, could have been avoided. But when it cannot be avoided, as
happened to the Florentines when the Pope and Spain sent armies to
hen in such a case, for the above reasons, the prince
ought to favour one of the parties.
Never let any Government imagine that it can choose perfectly safe
courses; rather let it expect to have to take very doubtful ones,
because it is found in ordinary affairs that one never seeks to avoid
one trouble without running into another; but prudence consists in
knowing how to distinguish the character of troubles, and for choice to
take the lesser evil.
A prince ought also to show himself a patron of abilitM
the proficient in every art. At the same time he should encourage his
citizens to practise their callings peaceably, both in commerce and
agriculture, and in every other following, so that the one should not
be deterred from improving his possessions for fear lest they be taken
away from him or another from opening up trade for fear of taxes; but
the prince ought to offer rewards to whoever wishes to do these things
and designs in any way to honour his city or state.
Further, he ought to M
entertain the people with festivals and spectacles
at convenient seasons of the year; and as every city is divided into
guilds or into societies,[1] he ought to hold such bodies in esteem,
and associate with them sometimes, and show himself an example of
courtesy and liberality; nevertheless, always maintaining the majesty
of his rank, for this he must never consent to abate in anything.
Guilds or societies,
trade guilds, _cf_. Florio:
. . . a whole company of any trade
in any city or corporation town.
The guilds of Florence are most
admirably described by Mr Edgcumbe Staley in his work on the subject
(Methuen, 1906). Institutions of a somewhat similar character, called
exist in Russia to-day, _cf_. Sir Mackenzie Wallace
The sons . . . were always during the working
season members of an artel. In some of the larger towns there are
artels of a much more complex kind
permanent associatM
large capital, and pecuniarily responsible for the acts of the
individual members.
despite its apparent
similarity, has, Mr Aylmer Maude assures me, no connection with
Its root is that of the verb
an oath; and it is generally admitted to be only another form of
which now signifies a
underlying idea is that of a body of men united by an oath.
were possibly gentile groups, united by common descent, and included
individuals connected by marriage. Perhaps our words
would be most appropriate.
CONCERNING THE SECRETARIES OF PRINCES
The choice of servants is of no little importance to a prince, and they
are good or not according to the discrimination of the prince. And the
first opinion which one forms of a prince, and of his understanding, is
by observing the men he has around him; and whM
en they are capable and
faithful he may always be considered wise, because he has known how to
recognize the capable and to keep them faithful. But when they are
otherwise one cannot form a good opinion of him, for the prime error
which he made was in choosing them.
There were none who knew Messer Antonio da Venafro as the servant of
Pandolfo Petrucci, Prince of Siena, who would not consider Pandolfo to
be a very clever man in having Venafro for his servant. Because there
are three classes of intellects: M
one which comprehends by itself;
another which appreciates what others comprehended; and a third which
neither comprehends by itself nor by the showing of others; the first
is the most excellent, the second is good, the third is useless.
Therefore, it follows necessarily that, if Pandolfo was not in the
first rank, he was in the second, for whenever one has judgment to know
good and bad when it is said and done, although he himself may not have
the initiative, yet he can recognize the good and the bad in hisM
servant, and the one he can praise and the other correct; thus the
servant cannot hope to deceive him, and is kept honest.
But to enable a prince to form an opinion of his servant there is one
test which never fails; when you see the servant thinking more of his
own interests than of yours, and seeking inwardly his own profit in
everything, such a man will never make a good servant, nor will you
ever be able to trust him; because he who has the state of another in
his hands ought never to think of himselM
f, but always of his prince,
and never pay any attention to matters in which the prince is not
On the other hand, to keep his servant honest the prince ought to study
him, honouring him, enriching him, doing him kindnesses, sharing with
him the honours and cares; and at the same time let him see that he
cannot stand alone, so that many honours may not make him desire more,
many riches make him wish for more, and that many cares may make him
dread chances. When, therefore, servants, and princes M
are thus disposed, they can trust each other, but when it is otherwise,
the end will always be disastrous for either one or the other.
HOW FLATTERERS SHOULD BE AVOIDED
I do not wish to leave out an important branch of this subject, for it
is a danger from which princes are with difficulty preserved, unless
they are very careful and discriminating. It is that of flatterers, of
whom courts are full, because men are so self-complacent in their own
way so deceived in them, that they are preserved with
difficulty from this pest, and if they wish to defend themselves they
run the danger of falling into contempt. Because there is no other way
of guarding oneself from flatterers except letting men understand that
to tell you the truth does not offend you; but when every one may tell
you the truth, respect for you abates.
Therefore a wise prince ought to hold a third course by choosing the
wise men in his state, and giving to them only the liberty of speM
the truth to him, and then only of those things of which he inquires,
and of none others; but he ought to question them upon everything, and
listen to their opinions, and afterwards form his own conclusions. With
these councillors, separately and collectively, he ought to carry
himself in such a way that each of them should know that, the more
freely he shall speak, the more he shall be preferred; outside of
these, he should listen to no one, pursue the thing resolved on, and be
steadfast in his resolM
utions. He who does otherwise is either
overthrown by flatterers, or is so often changed by varying opinions
that he falls into contempt.
I wish on this subject to adduce a modern example. Fra Luca, the man of
affairs to Maximilian,[1] the present emperor, speaking of his majesty,
said: He consulted with no one, yet never got his own way in anything.
This arose because of his following a practice the opposite to the
above; for the emperor is a secretive man
he does not communicate his
, nor does he receive opinions on them. But as in
carrying them into effect they become revealed and known, they are at
once obstructed by those men whom he has around him, and he, being
pliant, is diverted from them. Hence it follows that those things he
does one day he undoes the next, and no one ever understands what he
wishes or intends to do, and no one can rely on his resolutions.
[1] Maximilian I, born in 1459, died 1519, Emperor of the Holy Roman
Empire. He married, first, Mary, daughter of CharlM
her death, Bianca Sforza; and thus became involved in Italian
A prince, therefore, ought always to take counsel, but only when he
wishes and not when others wish; he ought rather to discourage every
one from offering advice unless he asks it; but, however, he ought to
be a constant inquirer, and afterwards a patient listener concerning
the things of which he inquired; also, on learning that any one, on any
consideration, has not told him the truth, he should let his anger beM
And if there are some who think that a prince who conveys an impression
of his wisdom is not so through his own ability, but through the good
advisers that he has around him, beyond doubt they are deceived,
because this is an axiom which never fails: that a prince who is not
wise himself will never take good advice, unless by chance he has
yielded his affairs entirely to one person who happens to be a very
prudent man. In this case indeed he may be well governed, but it would
not be for long, becaM
use such a governor would in a short time take
away his state from him.
But if a prince who is not inexperienced should take counsel from more
than one he will never get united counsels, nor will he know how to
unite them. Each of the counsellors will think of his own interests,
and the prince will not know how to control them or to see through
them. And they are not to be found otherwise, because men will always
prove untrue to you unless they are kept honest by constraint.
Therefore it must be inferred M
that good counsels, whencesoever they
come, are born of the wisdom of the prince, and not the wisdom of the
prince from good counsels.
WHY THE PRINCES OF ITALY HAVE LOST THEIR STATES
The previous suggestions, carefully observed, will enable a new prince
to appear well established, and render him at once more secure and
fixed in the state than if he had been long seated there. For the
actions of a new prince are more narrowly observed than those of an
hereditary one, and when they M
are seen to be able they gain more men
and bind far tighter than ancient blood; because men are attracted more
by the present than by the past, and when they find the present good
they enjoy it and seek no further; they will also make the utmost
defence of a prince if he fails them not in other things. Thus it will
be a double glory for him to have established a new principality, and
adorned and strengthened it with good laws, good arms, good allies, and
with a good example; so will it be a double disgrace tM
prince, shall lose his state by want of wisdom.
And if those seigniors are considered who have lost their states in
Italy in our times, such as the King of Naples, the Duke of Milan, and
others, there will be found in them, firstly, one common defect in
regard to arms from the causes which have been discussed at length; in
the next place, some one of them will be seen, either to have had the
people hostile, or if he has had the people friendly, he has not known
how to secure the nobles. M
In the absence of these defects states that
have power enough to keep an army in the field cannot be lost.
Philip of Macedon, not the father of Alexander the Great, but he who
was conquered by Titus Quintius, had not much territory compared to the
greatness of the Romans and of Greece who attacked him, yet being a
warlike man who knew how to attract the people and secure the nobles,
he sustained the war against his enemies for many years, and if in the
end he lost the dominion of some cities, nevertheless M
Therefore, do not let our princes accuse fortune for the loss of their
principalities after so many years
possession, but rather their own
sloth, because in quiet times they never thought there could be a
change (it is a common defect in man not to make any provision in the
calm against the tempest), and when afterwards the bad times came they
thought of flight and not of defending themselves, and they hoped that
the people, disgusted with the insolence of the conquerors, wouldM
recall them. This course, when others fail, may be good, but it is very
bad to have neglected all other expedients for that, since you would
never wish to fall because you trusted to be able to find someone later
on to restore you. This again either does not happen, or, if it does,
it will not be for your security, because that deliverance is of no
avail which does not depend upon yourself; those only are reliable,
certain, and durable that depend on yourself and your valour.
TUNE CAN EFFECT IN HUMAN AFFAIRS AND HOW TO WITHSTAND HER
It is not unknown to me how many men have had, and still have, the
opinion that the affairs of the world are in such wise governed by
fortune and by God that men with their wisdom cannot direct them and
that no one can even help them; and because of this they would have us
believe that it is not necessary to labour much in affairs, but to let
chance govern them. This opinion has been more credited in our times
because of the great changes in affaiM
rs which have been seen, and may
still be seen, every day, beyond all human conjecture. Sometimes
pondering over this, I am in some degree inclined to their opinion.
Nevertheless, not to extinguish our free will, I hold it to be true
that Fortune is the arbiter of one-half of our actions,[1] but that she
still leaves us to direct the other half, or perhaps a little less.
[1] Frederick the Great was accustomed to say:
The older one gets the
more convinced one becomes that his Majesty King Chance does
three-quarters of the business of this miserable universe.
I compare her to one of those raging rivers, which when in flood
overflows the plains, sweeping away trees and buildings, bearing away
the soil from place to place; everything flies before it, all yield to
its violence, without being able in any way to withstand it; and yet,
though its nature be such, it does not follow therefore that men, when
the weather becomes fair, shall not make provision, both with defeM
and barriers, in such a manner that, rising again, the waters may pass
away by canal, and their force be neither so unrestrained nor so
dangerous. So it happens with fortune, who shows her power where valour
has not prepared to resist her, and thither she turns her forces where
she knows that barriers and defences have not been raised to constrain
And if you will consider Italy, which is the seat of these changes, and
which has given to them their impulse, you will see it to be an open
without barriers and without any defence. For if it had been
defended by proper valour, as are Germany, Spain, and France, either
this invasion would not have made the great changes it has made or it
would not have come at all. And this I consider enough to say
concerning resistance to fortune in general.
But confining myself more to the particular, I say that a prince may be
seen happy to-day and ruined to-morrow without having shown any change
of disposition or character. This, I believe, arises firstly M
causes that have already been discussed at length, namely, that the
prince who relies entirely on fortune is lost when it changes. I
believe also that he will be successful who directs his actions
according to the spirit of the times, and that he whose actions do not
accord with the times will not be successful. Because men are seen, in
affairs that lead to the end which every man has before him, namely,
glory and riches, to get there by various methods; one with caution,
another with haste; one by forM
ce, another by skill; one by patience,
another by its opposite; and each one succeeds in reaching the goal by
a different method. One can also see of two cautious men the one attain
his end, the other fail; and similarly, two men by different
observances are equally successful, the one being cautious, the other
impetuous; all this arises from nothing else than whether or not they
conform in their methods to the spirit of the times. This follows from
what I have said, that two men working differently bring abM
effect, and of two working similarly, one attains his object and the
Changes in estate also issue from this, for if, to one who governs
himself with caution and patience, times and affairs converge in such a
way that his administration is successful, his fortune is made; but if
times and affairs change, he is ruined if he does not change his course
of action. But a man is not often found sufficiently circumspect to
know how to accommodate himself to the change, both because heM
deviate from what nature inclines him to do, and also because, having
always prospered by acting in one way, he cannot be persuaded that it
is well to leave it; and, therefore, the cautious man, when it is time
to turn adventurous, does not know how to do it, hence he is ruined;
but had he changed his conduct with the times fortune would not have
Pope Julius the Second went to work impetuously in all his affairs, and
found the times and circumstances conform so well to that line of
n that he always met with success. Consider his first enterprise
against Bologna, Messer Giovanni Bentivogli being still alive. The
Venetians were not agreeable to it, nor was the King of Spain, and he
had the enterprise still under discussion with the King of France;
nevertheless he personally entered upon the expedition with his
accustomed boldness and energy, a move which made Spain and the
Venetians stand irresolute and passive, the latter from fear, the
former from desire to recover the kingdom of NapleM
s; on the other hand,
he drew after him the King of France, because that king, having
observed the movement, and desiring to make the Pope his friend so as
to humble the Venetians, found it impossible to refuse him. Therefore
Julius with his impetuous action accomplished what no other pontiff
with simple human wisdom could have done; for if he had waited in Rome
until he could get away, with his plans arranged and everything fixed,
as any other pontiff would have done, he would never have succeeded.
the King of France would have made a thousand excuses, and the
others would have raised a thousand fears.
I will leave his other actions alone, as they were all alike, and they
all succeeded, for the shortness of his life did not let him experience
the contrary; but if circumstances had arisen which required him to go
cautiously, his ruin would have followed, because he would never have
deviated from those ways to which nature inclined him.
I conclude, therefore that, fortune being changeful and mankindM
steadfast in their ways, so long as the two are in agreement men are
successful, but unsuccessful when they fall out. For my part I consider
that it is better to be adventurous than cautious, because fortune is a
woman, and if you wish to keep her under it is necessary to beat and
ill-use her; and it is seen that she allows herself to be mastered by
the adventurous rather than by those who go to work more coldly. She
is, therefore, always, woman-like, a lover of young men, because they
are less cautious, mM
ore violent, and with more audacity command her.
AN EXHORTATION TO LIBERATE ITALY FROM THE BARBARIANS
Having carefully considered the subject of the above discourses, and
wondering within myself whether the present times were propitious to a
new prince, and whether there were elements that would give an
opportunity to a wise and virtuous one to introduce a new order of
things which would do honour to him and good to the people of this
country, it appears to me that so many things cM
oncur to favour a new
prince that I never knew a time more fit than the present.
And if, as I said, it was necessary that the people of Israel should be
captive so as to make manifest the ability of Moses; that the Persians
should be oppressed by the Medes so as to discover the greatness of the
soul of Cyrus; and that the Athenians should be dispersed to illustrate
the capabilities of Theseus: then at the present time, in order to
discover the virtue of an Italian spirit, it was necessary that Italy
d be reduced to the extremity that she is now in, that she should
be more enslaved than the Hebrews, more oppressed than the Persians,
more scattered than the Athenians; without head, without order, beaten,
despoiled, torn, overrun; and to have endured every kind of desolation.
Although lately some spark may have been shown by one, which made us
think he was ordained by God for our redemption, nevertheless it was
afterwards seen, in the height of his career, that fortune rejected
him; so that Italy, left aM
s without life, waits for him who shall yet
heal her wounds and put an end to the ravaging and plundering of
Lombardy, to the swindling and taxing of the kingdom and of Tuscany,
and cleanse those sores that for long have festered. It is seen how she
entreats God to send someone who shall deliver her from these wrongs
and barbarous insolencies. It is seen also that she is ready and
willing to follow a banner if only someone will raise it.
Nor is there to be seen at present one in whom she can place more hopM
than in your illustrious house,[1] with its valour and fortune,
favoured by God and by the Church of which it is now the chief, and
which could be made the head of this redemption. This will not be
difficult if you will recall to yourself the actions and lives of the
men I have named. And although they were great and wonderful men, yet
they were men, and each one of them had no more opportunity than the
present offers, for their enterprises were neither more just nor easier
than this, nor was God more theM
ir friend than He is yours.
[1] Giuliano de Medici. He had just been created a cardinal by Leo X.
In 1523 Giuliano was elected Pope, and took the title of Clement VII.
With us there is great justice, because that war is just which is
necessary, and arms are hallowed when there is no other hope but in
them. Here there is the greatest willingness, and where the willingness
is great the difficulties cannot be great if you will only follow those
men to whom I have directed your attention. Further than thisM
extraordinarily the ways of God have been manifested beyond example:
the sea is divided, a cloud has led the way, the rock has poured forth
water, it has rained manna, everything has contributed to your
greatness; you ought to do the rest. God is not willing to do
everything, and thus take away our free will and that share of glory
which belongs to us.
And it is not to be wondered at if none of the above-named Italians
have been able to accomplish all that is expected from your illustrious
nd if in so many revolutions in Italy, and in so many
campaigns, it has always appeared as if military virtue were exhausted,
this has happened because the old order of things was not good, and
none of us have known how to find a new one. And nothing honours a man
more than to establish new laws and new ordinances when he himself was
newly risen. Such things when they are well founded and dignified will
make him revered and admired, and in Italy there are not wanting
opportunities to bring such into use in eM
Here there is great valour in the limbs whilst it fails in the head.
Look attentively at the duels and the hand-to-hand combats, how
superior the Italians are in strength, dexterity, and subtlety. But
when it comes to armies they do not bear comparison, and this springs
entirely from the insufficiency of the leaders, since those who are
capable are not obedient, and each one seems to himself to know, there
having never been any one so distinguished above the rest, either by
valour or fortune, tM
hat others would yield to him. Hence it is that for
so long a time, and during so much fighting in the past twenty years,
whenever there has been an army wholly Italian, it has always given a
poor account of itself; the first witness to this is Il Taro,
afterwards Allesandria, Capua, Genoa, Vaila, Bologna, Mestri.[2]
[2] The battles of Il Taro, 1495; Alessandria, 1499; Capua, 1501;
Genoa, 1507; Vaila, 1509; Bologna, 1511; Mestri, 1513.
If, therefore, your illustrious house wishes to follow these remarkM
men who have redeemed their country, it is necessary before all things,
as a true foundation for every enterprise, to be provided with your own
forces, because there can be no more faithful, truer, or better
soldiers. And although singly they are good, altogether they will be
much better when they find themselves commanded by their prince,
honoured by him, and maintained at his expense. Therefore it is
necessary to be prepared with such arms, so that you can be defended
against foreigners by Italian vaM
And although Swiss and Spanish infantry may be considered very
formidable, nevertheless there is a defect in both, by reason of which
a third order would not only be able to oppose them, but might be
relied upon to overthrow them. For the Spaniards cannot resist cavalry,
and the Switzers are afraid of infantry whenever they encounter them in
close combat. Owing to this, as has been and may again be seen, the
Spaniards are unable to resist French cavalry, and the Switzers are
overthrown by Spanish inM
fantry. And although a complete proof of this
latter cannot be shown, nevertheless there was some evidence of it at
the battle of Ravenna, when the Spanish infantry were confronted by
German battalions, who follow the same tactics as the Swiss; when the
Spaniards, by agility of body and with the aid of their shields, got in
under the pikes of the Germans and stood out of danger, able to attack,
while the Germans stood helpless, and, if the cavalry had not dashed
up, all would have been over with them. It is M
possible, therefore,
knowing the defects of both these infantries, to invent a new one,
which will resist cavalry and not be afraid of infantry; this need not
create a new order of arms, but a variation upon the old. And these are
the kind of improvements which confer reputation and power upon a new
This opportunity, therefore, ought not to be allowed to pass for
letting Italy at last see her liberator appear. Nor can one express the
love with which he would be received in all those provinces whicM
suffered so much from these foreign scourings, with what thirst for
revenge, with what stubborn faith, with what devotion, with what tears.
What door would be closed to him? Who would refuse obedience to him?
What envy would hinder him? What Italian would refuse him homage? To
all of us this barbarous dominion stinks. Let, therefore, your
illustrious house take up this charge with that courage and hope with
which all just enterprises are undertaken, so that under its standard
our native country may bM
e ennobled, and under its auspices may be
verified that saying of Petrarch:
Virtu contro al Furore
arme, e fia il combatter corto:
Negli italici cuor non e ancor morto.
Virtue against fury shall advance the fight,
combat soon shall put to flight:
For the old Roman valour is not dead,
brests extinguished.
DESCRIPTION OF THE METHODS ADOPTED BY THE DUKE VALENTINO WHEN MURDERING
TELLOZZO VITELLI, OLIVEROTTO DA FERMO, THE SIGNOR PAGOLO, AND THE
DUKE DI GRAVINA ORSINI
BY NICOLO MACHIAVELLI
The Duke Valentino had returned from Lombardy, where he had been to
clear himself with the King of France from the calumnies which had been
raised against him by the Florentines concerning the rebellion of
Arezzo and other towns in the Val di Chiana, and had arrived at Imola,
whence he intended with his army to enter upon the campaign against
Giovanni Bentivogli, the tyrant of Bologna: for heM
that city under his domination, and to make it the head of his
These matters coming to the knowledge of the Vitelli and Orsini and
their following, it appeared to them that the duke would become too
powerful, and it was feared that, having seized Bologna, he would seek
to destroy them in order that he might become supreme in Italy. Upon
this a meeting was called at Magione in the district of Perugia, to
which came the cardinal, Pagolo, and the Duke di Gravina Orsini,
itellozzo Vitelli, Oliverotto da Fermo, Gianpagolo Baglioni, the
tyrant of Perugia, and Messer Antonio da Venafro, sent by Pandolfo
Petrucci, the Prince of Siena. Here were discussed the power and
courage of the duke and the necessity of curbing his ambitions, which
might otherwise bring danger to the rest of being ruined. And they
decided not to abandon the Bentivogli, but to strive to win over the
Florentines; and they sent their men to one place and another,
promising to one party assistance and to anotheM
r encouragement to unite
with them against the common enemy. This meeting was at once reported
throughout all Italy, and those who were discontented under the duke,
among whom were the people of Urbino, took hope of effecting a
Thus it arose that, men
s minds being thus unsettled, it was decided by
certain men of Urbino to seize the fortress of San Leo, which was held
for the duke, and which they captured by the following means. The
castellan was fortifying the rock and causing timber to be M
so the conspirators watched, and when certain beams which were being
carried to the rock were upon the bridge, so that it was prevented from
being drawn up by those inside, they took the opportunity of leaping
upon the bridge and thence into the fortress. Upon this capture being
effected, the whole state rebelled and recalled the old duke, being
encouraged in this, not so much by the capture of the fort, as by the
Diet at Magione, from whom they expected to get assistance.
Those who heard of M
the rebellion at Urbino thought they would not lose
the opportunity, and at once assembled their men so as to take any
town, should any remain in the hands of the duke in that state; and
they sent again to Florence to beg that republic to join with them in
destroying the common firebrand, showing that the risk was lessened and
that they ought not to wait for another opportunity.
But the Florentines, from hatred, for sundry reasons, of the Vitelli
and Orsini, not only would not ally themselves, but sent NicM
Machiavelli, their secretary, to offer shelter and assistance to the
duke against his enemies. The duke was found full of fear at Imola,
because, against everybody
s expectation, his soldiers had at once gone
over to the enemy and he found himself disarmed and war at his door.
But recovering courage from the offers of the Florentines, he decided
to temporize before fighting with the few soldiers that remained to
him, and to negotiate for a reconciliation, and also to get assistance.
ained in two ways, by sending to the King of France
for men and by enlisting men-at-arms and others whom he turned into
cavalry of a sort: to all he gave money.
Notwithstanding this, his enemies drew near to him, and approached
Fossombrone, where they encountered some men of the duke and, with the
aid of the Orsini and Vitelli, routed them. When this happened, the
duke resolved at once to see if he could not close the trouble with
offers of reconciliation, and being a most perfect dissembler he did
il in any practices to make the insurgents understand that he
wished every man who had acquired anything to keep it, as it was enough
for him to have the title of prince, whilst others might have the
And the duke succeeded so well in this that they sent Signor Pagolo to
him to negotiate for a reconciliation, and they brought their army to a
standstill. But the duke did not stop his preparations, and took every
care to provide himself with cavalry and infantry, and that such
t not be apparent to the others, he sent his troops in
separate parties to every part of the Romagna. In the meanwhile there
came also to him five hundred French lancers, and although he found
himself sufficiently strong to take vengeance on his enemies in open
war, he considered that it would be safer and more advantageous to
outwit them, and for this reason he did not stop the work of
And that this might be effected the duke concluded a peace with them in
which he confirmed their former M
covenants; he gave them four thousand
ducats at once; he promised not to injure the Bentivogli; and he formed
an alliance with Giovanni; and moreover he would not force them to come
personally into his presence unless it pleased them to do so. On the
other hand, they promised to restore to him the duchy of Urbino and
other places seized by them, to serve him in all his expeditions, and
not to make war against or ally themselves with any one without his
This reconciliation being completed, GuidM
o Ubaldo, the Duke of Urbino,
again fled to Venice, having first destroyed all the fortresses in his
state; because, trusting in the people, he did not wish that the
fortresses, which he did not think he could defend, should be held by
the enemy, since by these means a check would be kept upon his friends.
But the Duke Valentino, having completed this convention, and dispersed
his men throughout the Romagna, set out for Imola at the end of
November together with his French men-at-arms: thence he went to
ena, where he stayed some time to negotiate with the envoys of the
Vitelli and Orsini, who had assembled with their men in the duchy of
Urbino, as to the enterprise in which they should now take part; but
nothing being concluded, Oliverotto da Fermo was sent to propose that
if the duke wished to undertake an expedition against Tuscany they were
ready; if he did not wish it, then they would besiege Sinigalia. To
this the duke replied that he did not wish to enter into war with
Tuscany, and thus become hostileM
to the Florentines, but that he was
very willing to proceed against Sinigalia.
It happened that not long afterwards the town surrendered, but the
fortress would not yield to them because the castellan would not give
it up to any one but the duke in person; therefore they exhorted him to
come there. This appeared a good opportunity to the duke, as, being
invited by them, and not going of his own will, he would awaken no
suspicions. And the more to reassure them, he allowed all the French
ere with him in Lombardy to depart, except the hundred
lancers under Mons. di Candales, his brother-in-law. He left Cesena
about the middle of December, and went to Fano, and with the utmost
cunning and cleverness he persuaded the Vitelli and Orsini to wait for
him at Sinigalia, pointing out to them that any lack of compliance
would cast a doubt upon the sincerity and permanency of the
reconciliation, and that he was a man who wished to make use of the
arms and councils of his friends. But Vitellozzo remaineM
stubborn, for the death of his brother warned him that he should not
offend a prince and afterwards trust him; nevertheless, persuaded by
Pagolo Orsini, whom the duke had corrupted with gifts and promises, he
Upon this the duke, before his departure from Fano, which was to be on
30th December 1502, communicated his designs to eight of his most
trusted followers, among whom were Don Michele and the Monsignor
Euna, who was afterwards cardinal; and he ordered that, as soon as
llozzo, Pagolo Orsini, the Duke di Gravina, and Oliverotto should
arrive, his followers in pairs should take them one by one, entrusting
certain men to certain pairs, who should entertain them until they
reached Sinigalia; nor should they be permitted to leave until they
s quarters, where they should be seized.
The duke afterwards ordered all his horsemen and infantry, of which
there were more than two thousand cavalry and ten thousand footmen, to
assemble by daybreak at the Metauro, a rM
iver five miles distant from
Fano, and await him there. He found himself, therefore, on the last day
of December at the Metauro with his men, and having sent a cavalcade of
about two hundred horsemen before him, he then moved forward the
infantry, whom he accompanied with the rest of the men-at-arms.
Fano and Sinigalia are two cities of La Marca situated on the shore of
the Adriatic Sea, fifteen miles distant from each other, so that he who
goes towards Sinigalia has the mountains on his right hand, the baM
of which are touched by the sea in some places. The city of Sinigalia
is distant from the foot of the mountains a little more than a bow-shot
and from the shore about a mile. On the side opposite to the city runs
a little river which bathes that part of the walls looking towards
Fano, facing the high road. Thus he who draws near to Sinigalia comes
for a good space by road along the mountains, and reaches the river
which passes by Sinigalia. If he turns to his left hand along the bank
of it, and goes forM
the distance of a bow-shot, he arrives at a bridge
which crosses the river; he is then almost abreast of the gate that
leads into Sinigalia, not by a straight line, but transversely. Before
this gate there stands a collection of houses with a square to which
the bank of the river forms one side.
The Vitelli and Orsini having received orders to wait for the duke, and
to honour him in person, sent away their men to several castles distant
from Sinigalia about six miles, so that room could be made for the meM
of the duke; and they left in Sinigalia only Oliverotto and his band,
which consisted of one thousand infantry and one hundred and fifty
horsemen, who were quartered in the suburb mentioned above. Matters
having been thus arranged, the Duke Valentino left for Sinigalia, and
when the leaders of the cavalry reached the bridge they did not pass
over, but having opened it, one portion wheeled towards the river and
the other towards the country, and a way was left in the middle through
which the infantry passeM
d, without stopping, into the town.
Vitellozzo, Pagolo, and the Duke di Gravina on mules, accompanied by a
few horsemen, went towards the duke; Vitellozo, unarmed and wearing a
cape lined with green, appeared very dejected, as if conscious of his
a circumstance which, in view of the ability of the
man and his former fortune, caused some amazement. And it is said that
when he parted from his men before setting out for Sinigalia to meet
the duke he acted as if it were his last parting froM
recommended his house and its fortunes to his captains, and advised his
nephews that it was not the fortune of their house, but the virtues of
their fathers that should be kept in mind. These three, therefore, came
before the duke and saluted him respectfully, and were received by him
with goodwill; they were at once placed between those who were
commissioned to look after them.
But the duke noticing that Oliverotto, who had remained with his band
in Sinigalia, was missing
for Oliverotto was M
waiting in the square
before his quarters near the river, keeping his men in order and
signalled with his eye to Don Michelle, to whom the care
of Oliverotto had been committed, that he should take measures that
Oliverotto should not escape. Therefore Don Michele rode off and joined
Oliverotto, telling him that it was not right to keep his men out of
their quarters, because these might be taken up by the men of the duke;
and he advised him to send them at once to their quarters and to come
imself to meet the duke. And Oliverotto, having taken this advice,
came before the duke, who, when he saw him, called to him; and
Oliverotto, having made his obeisance, joined the others.
So the whole party entered Sinigalia, dismounted at the duke
quarters, and went with him into a secret chamber, where the duke made
them prisoners; he then mounted on horseback, and issued orders that
the men of Oliverotto and the Orsini should be stripped of their arms.
Those of Oliverotto, being at hand, were quicklM
y settled, but those of
the Orsini and Vitelli, being at a distance, and having a presentiment
of the destruction of their masters, had time to prepare themselves,
and bearing in mind the valour and discipline of the Orsinian and
Vitellian houses, they stood together against the hostile forces of the
country and saved themselves.
s soldiers, not being content with having pillaged the men
of Oliverotto, began to sack Sinigalia, and if the duke had not
repressed this outrage by killing some oM
f them they would have
completely sacked it. Night having come and the tumult being silenced,
the duke prepared to kill Vitellozzo and Oliverotto; he led them into a
room and caused them to be strangled. Neither of them used words in
keeping with their past lives: Vitellozzo prayed that he might ask of
the pope full pardon for his sins; Oliverotto cringed and laid the
blame for all injuries against the duke on Vitellozzo. Pagolo and the
Duke di Gravina Orsini were kept alive until the duke heard from Rome
hat the pope had taken the Cardinal Orsino, the Archbishop of
Florence, and Messer Jacopo da Santa Croce. After which news, on 18th
January 1502, in the castle of Pieve, they also were strangled in the
THE LIFE OF CASTRUCCIO CASTRACANI OF LUCCA
WRITTEN BY NICOLO MACHIAVELLI
And sent to his friends ZANOBI BUONDELMONTI And LUIGI ALAMANNI
CASTRUCCIO CASTRACANI 1284-1328
It appears, dearest Zanobi and Luigi, a wonderful thing to those who
have considered the matter, that all men, orM
the larger number of them,
who have performed great deeds in the world, and excelled all others in
their day, have had their birth and beginning in baseness and
obscurity; or have been aggrieved by Fortune in some outrageous way.
They have either been exposed to the mercy of wild beasts, or they have
had so mean a parentage that in shame they have given themselves out to
be sons of Jove or of some other deity. It would be wearisome to relate
who these persons may have been because they are well known to
erybody, and, as such tales would not be particularly edifying to
those who read them, they are omitted. I believe that these lowly
beginnings of great men occur because Fortune is desirous of showing to
the world that such men owe much to her and little to wisdom, because
she begins to show her hand when wisdom can really take no part in
their career: thus all success must be attributed to her. Castruccio
Castracani of Lucca was one of those men who did great deeds, if he is
measured by the times in which hM
e lived and the city in which he was
born; but, like many others, he was neither fortunate nor distinguished
in his birth, as the course of this history will show. It appeared to
be desirable to recall his memory, because I have discerned in him such
indications of valour and fortune as should make him a great exemplar
to men. I think also that I ought to call your attention to his
actions, because you of all men I know delight most in noble deeds.
The family of Castracani was formerly numbered among the nM
of Lucca, but in the days of which I speak it had somewhat fallen in
estate, as so often happens in this world. To this family was born a
son Antonio, who became a priest of the order of San Michele of Lucca,
and for this reason was honoured with the title of Messer Antonio. He
had an only sister, who had been married to Buonaccorso Cenami, but
Buonaccorso dying she became a widow, and not wishing to marry again
went to live with her brother. Messer Antonio had a vineyard behind the
e he resided, and as it was bounded on all sides by gardens,
any person could have access to it without difficulty. One morning,
shortly after sunrise, Madonna Dianora, as the sister of Messer Antonio
was called, had occasion to go into the vineyard as usual to gather
herbs for seasoning the dinner, and hearing a slight rustling among the
leaves of a vine she turned her eyes in that direction, and heard
something resembling the cry of an infant. Whereupon she went towards
it, and saw the hands and face of a M
baby who was lying enveloped in the
leaves and who seemed to be crying for its mother. Partly wondering and
partly fearing, yet full of compassion, she lifted it up and carried it
to the house, where she washed it and clothed it with clean linen as is
customary, and showed it to Messer Antonio when he returned home. When
he heard what had happened and saw the child he was not less surprised
or compassionate than his sister. They discussed between themselves
what should be done, and seeing that he was priest M
children, they finally determined to bring it up. They had a nurse for
it, and it was reared and loved as if it were their own child. They
baptized it, and gave it the name of Castruccio after their father. As
the years passed Castruccio grew very handsome, and gave evidence of
wit and discretion, and learnt with a quickness beyond his years those
lessons which Messer Antonio imparted to him. Messer Antonio intended
to make a priest of him, and in time would have inducted him into his
nonry and other benefices, and all his instruction was given with
this object; but Antonio discovered that the character of Castruccio
was quite unfitted for the priesthood. As soon as Castruccio reached
the age of fourteen he began to take less notice of the chiding of
Messer Antonio and Madonna Dianora and no longer to fear them; he left
off reading ecclesiastical books, and turned to playing with arms,
delighting in nothing so much as in learning their uses, and in
running, leaping, and wrestling with othM
er boys. In all exercises he
far excelled his companions in courage and bodily strength, and if at
any time he did turn to books, only those pleased him which told of
wars and the mighty deeds of men. Messer Antonio beheld all this with
vexation and sorrow.
There lived in the city of Lucca a gentleman of the Guinigi family,
named Messer Francesco, whose profession was arms and who in riches,
bodily strength, and valour excelled all other men in Lucca. He had
often fought under the command of the Visconti M
Ghibelline was the valued leader of that party in Lucca. This gentleman
resided in Lucca and was accustomed to assemble with others most
mornings and evenings under the balcony of the Podesta, which is at the
top of the square of San Michele, the finest square in Lucca, and he
had often seen Castruccio taking part with other children of the street
in those games of which I have spoken. Noticing that Castruccio far
excelled the other boys, and that he appeared to exercise a royal
over them, and that they loved and obeyed him, Messer
Francesco became greatly desirous of learning who he was. Being
informed of the circumstances of the bringing up of Castruccio he felt
a greater desire to have him near to him. Therefore he called him one
day and asked him whether he would more willingly live in the house of
a gentleman, where he would learn to ride horses and use arms, or in
the house of a priest, where he would learn nothing but masses and the
services of the Church. Messer Francesco cM
ould see that it pleased
Castruccio greatly to hear horses and arms spoken of, even though he
stood silent, blushing modestly; but being encouraged by Messer
Francesco to speak, he answered that, if his master were agreeable,
nothing would please him more than to give up his priestly studies and
take up those of a soldier. This reply delighted Messer Francesco, and
in a very short time he obtained the consent of Messer Antonio, who was
driven to yield by his knowledge of the nature of the lad, and the fear
that he would not be able to hold him much longer.
Thus Castruccio passed from the house of Messer Antonio the priest to
the house of Messer Francesco Guinigi the soldier, and it was
astonishing to find that in a very short time he manifested all that
virtue and bearing which we are accustomed to associate with a true
gentleman. In the first place he became an accomplished horseman, and
could manage with ease the most fiery charger, and in all jousts and
tournaments, although still a youth, he was observedM
and he excelled in all exercises of strength and dexterity. But what
enhanced so much the charm of these accomplishments, was the delightful
modesty which enabled him to avoid offence in either act or word to
others, for he was deferential to the great men, modest with his
equals, and courteous to his inferiors. These gifts made him beloved,
not only by all the Guinigi family, but by all Lucca. When Castruccio
had reached his eighteenth year, the Ghibellines were driven from Pavia
Guelphs, and Messer Francesco was sent by the Visconti to assist
the Ghibellines, and with him went Castruccio, in charge of his forces.
Castruccio gave ample proof of his prudence and courage in this
expedition, acquiring greater reputation than any other captain, and
his name and fame were known, not only in Pavia, but throughout all
Castruccio, having returned to Lucca in far higher estimation than he
left it, did not omit to use all the means in his power to gain as many
friends as he couldM
, neglecting none of those arts which are necessary
for that purpose. About this time Messer Francesco died, leaving a son
thirteen years of age named Pagolo, and having appointed Castruccio to
s tutor and administrator of his estate. Before he died
Francesco called Castruccio to him, and prayed him to show Pagolo that
goodwill which he (Francesco) had always shown to HIM, and to render to
the son the gratitude which he had not been able to repay to the
father. Upon the death of Francesco, CastrM
uccio became the governor and
tutor of Pagolo, which increased enormously his power and position, and
created a certain amount of envy against him in Lucca in place of the
former universal goodwill, for many men suspected him of harbouring
tyrannical intentions. Among these the leading man was Giorgio degli
Opizi, the head of the Guelph party. This man hoped after the death of
Messer Francesco to become the chief man in Lucca, but it seemed to him
that Castruccio, with the great abilities which he already shM
holding the position of governor, deprived him of his opportunity;
therefore he began to sow those seeds which should rob Castruccio of
his eminence. Castruccio at first treated this with scorn, but
afterwards he grew alarmed, thinking that Messer Giorgio might be able
to bring him into disgrace with the deputy of King Ruberto of Naples
and have him driven out of Lucca.
The Lord of Pisa at that time was Uguccione of the Faggiuola of Arezzo,
who being in the first place elected their captain afteM
their lord. There resided in Paris some exiled Ghibellines from Lucca,
with whom Castruccio held communications with the object of effecting
their restoration by the help of Uguccione. Castruccio also brought
into his plans friends from Lucca who would not endure the authority of
the Opizi. Having fixed upon a plan to be followed, Castruccio
cautiously fortified the tower of the Onesti, filling it with supplies
and munitions of war, in order that it might stand a siege for a few
f need. When the night came which had been agreed upon
with Uguccione, who had occupied the plain between the mountains and
Pisa with many men, the signal was given, and without being observed
Uguccione approached the gate of San Piero and set fire to the
portcullis. Castruccio raised a great uproar within the city, calling
the people to arms and forcing open the gate from his side. Uguccione
entered with his men, poured through the town, and killed Messer
Giorgio with all his family and many of his friends M
governor was driven out, and the government reformed according to the
wishes of Uguccione, to the detriment of the city, because it was found
that more than one hundred families were exiled at that time. Of those
who fled, part went to Florence and part to Pistoia, which city was the
headquarters of the Guelph party, and for this reason it became most
hostile to Uguccione and the Lucchese.
As it now appeared to the Florentines and others of the Guelph party
that the Ghibellines absorbeM
d too much power in Tuscany, they
determined to restore the exiled Guelphs to Lucca. They assembled a
large army in the Val di Nievole, and seized Montecatini; from thence
they marched to Montecarlo, in order to secure the free passage into
Lucca. Upon this Uguccione assembled his Pisan and Lucchese forces, and
with a number of German cavalry which he drew out of Lombardy, he moved
against the quarters of the Florentines, who upon the appearance of the
enemy withdrew from Montecarlo, and posted themselves beM
Montecatini and Pescia. Uguccione now took up a position near to
Montecarlo, and within about two miles of the enemy, and slight
skirmishes between the horse of both parties were of daily occurrence.
Owing to the illness of Uguccione, the Pisans and Lucchese delayed
coming to battle with the enemy. Uguccione, finding himself growing
worse, went to Montecarlo to be cured, and left the command of the army
in the hands of Castruccio. This change brought about the ruin of the
Guelphs, who, thinking that tM
he hostile army having lost its captain
had lost its head, grew over-confident. Castruccio observed this, and
allowed some days to pass in order to encourage this belief; he also
showed signs of fear, and did not allow any of the munitions of the
camp to be used. On the other side, the Guelphs grew more insolent the
more they saw these evidences of fear, and every day they drew out in
the order of battle in front of the army of Castruccio. Presently,
deeming that the enemy was sufficiently emboldened, and haM
their tactics, he decided to join battle with them. First he spoke a
few words of encouragement to his soldiers, and pointed out to them the
certainty of victory if they would but obey his commands. Castruccio
had noticed how the enemy had placed all his best troops in the centre
of the line of battle, and his less reliable men on the wings of the
army; whereupon he did exactly the opposite, putting his most valiant
men on the flanks, while those on whom he could not so strongly rely he
to the centre. Observing this order of battle, he drew out of his
lines and quickly came in sight of the hostile army, who, as usual, had
come in their insolence to defy him. He then commanded his centre
squadrons to march slowly, whilst he moved rapidly forward those on the
wings. Thus, when they came into contact with the enemy, only the wings
of the two armies became engaged, whilst the center battalions remained
out of action, for these two portions of the line of battle were
separated from each other byM
a long interval and thus unable to reach
each other. By this expedient the more valiant part of Castruccio
were opposed to the weaker part of the enemy
s troops, and the most
efficient men of the enemy were disengaged; and thus the Florentines
were unable to fight with those who were arrayed opposite to them, or
to give any assistance to their own flanks. So, without much
difficulty, Castruccio put the enemy to flight on both flanks, and the
centre battalions took to flight when they found themselM
attack, without having a chance of displaying their valour. The defeat
was complete, and the loss in men very heavy, there being more than ten
thousand men killed with many officers and knights of the Guelph party
in Tuscany, and also many princes who had come to help them, among whom
were Piero, the brother of King Ruberto, and Carlo, his nephew, and
Filippo, the lord of Taranto. On the part of Castruccio the loss did
not amount to more than three hundred men, among whom was Francesco,
on of Uguccione, who, being young and rash, was killed in the
This victory so greatly increased the reputation of Castruccio that
Uguccione conceived some jealousy and suspicion of him, because it
appeared to Uguccione that this victory had given him no increase of
power, but rather than diminished it. Being of this mind, he only
waited for an opportunity to give effect to it. This occurred on the
death of Pier Agnolo Micheli, a man of great repute and abilities in
Lucca, the murderer of whomM
fled to the house of Castruccio for refuge.
On the sergeants of the captain going to arrest the murderer, they were
driven off by Castruccio, and the murderer escaped. This affair coming
to the knowledge of Uguccione, who was then at Pisa, it appeared to him
a proper opportunity to punish Castruccio. He therefore sent for his
son Neri, who was the governor of Lucca, and commissioned him to take
Castruccio prisoner at a banquet and put him to death. Castruccio,
fearing no evil, went to the governor in a frieM
entertained at supper, and then thrown into prison. But Neri, fearing
to put him to death lest the people should be incensed, kept him alive,
in order to hear further from his father concerning his intentions.
Ugucionne cursed the hesitation and cowardice of his son, and at once
set out from Pisa to Lucca with four hundred horsemen to finish the
business in his own way; but he had not yet reached the baths when the
Pisans rebelled and put his deputy to death and created Count Gaddo
rdesca their lord. Before Uguccione reached Lucca he heard
of the occurrences at Pisa, but it did not appear wise to him to turn
back, lest the Lucchese with the example of Pisa before them should
close their gates against him. But the Lucchese, having heard of what
had happened at Pisa, availed themselves of this opportunity to demand
the liberation of Castruccio, notwithstanding that Uguccione had
arrived in their city. They first began to speak of it in private
circles, afterwards openly in the squares anM
d streets; then they raised
a tumult, and with arms in their hands went to Uguccione and demanded
that Castruccio should be set at liberty. Uguccione, fearing that worse
might happen, released him from prison. Whereupon Castruccio gathered
his friends around him, and with the help of the people attacked
Uguccione; who, finding he had no resource but in flight, rode away
with his friends to Lombardy, to the lords of Scale, where he died in
But Castruccio from being a prisoner became almost a princM
and he carried himself so discreetly with his friends and the people
that they appointed him captain of their army for one year. Having
obtained this, and wishing to gain renown in war, he planned the
recovery of the many towns which had rebelled after the departure of
Uguccione, and with the help of the Pisans, with whom he had concluded
a treaty, he marched to Serezzana. To capture this place he constructed
a fort against it, which is called to-day Zerezzanello; in the course
truccio captured the town. With the reputation gained
at that siege, he rapidly seized Massa, Carrara, and Lavenza, and in a
short time had overrun the whole of Lunigiana. In order to close the
pass which leads from Lombardy to Lunigiana, he besieged Pontremoli and
wrested it from the hands of Messer Anastagio Palavicini, who was the
lord of it. After this victory he returned to Lucca, and was welcomed
by the whole people. And now Castruccio, deeming it imprudent any
longer to defer making himself a prince, M
got himself created the lord
of Lucca by the help of Pazzino del Poggio, Puccinello dal Portico,
Francesco Boccansacchi, and Cecco Guinigi, all of whom he had
corrupted; and he was afterwards solemnly and deliberately elected
prince by the people. At this time Frederick of Bavaria, the King of
the Romans, came into Italy to assume the Imperial crown, and
Castruccio, in order that he might make friends with him, met him at
the head of five hundred horsemen. Castruccio had left as his deputy in
Guinigi, who was held in high estimation, because of the
s love for the memory of his father. Castruccio was received in
great honour by Frederick, and many privileges were conferred upon him,
and he was appointed the emperor
s lieutenant in Tuscany. At this time
the Pisans were in great fear of Gaddo della Gherardesca, whom they had
driven out of Pisa, and they had recourse for assistance to Frederick.
Frederick created Castruccio the lord of Pisa, and the Pisans, in dread
of the Guelph party, anM
d particularly of the Florentines, were
constrained to accept him as their lord.
Frederick, having appointed a governor in Rome to watch his Italian
affairs, returned to Germany. All the Tuscan and Lombardian
Ghibellines, who followed the imperial lead, had recourse to Castruccio
for help and counsel, and all promised him the governorship of his
country, if enabled to recover it with his assistance. Among these
exiles were Matteo Guidi, Nardo Scolari, Lapo Uberti, Gerozzo Nardi,
and Piero Buonaccorsi, allM
exiled Florentines and Ghibellines.
Castruccio had the secret intention of becoming the master of all
Tuscany by the aid of these men and of his own forces; and in order to
gain greater weight in affairs, he entered into a league with Messer
Matteo Visconti, the Prince of Milan, and organized for him the forces
of his city and the country districts. As Lucca had five gates, he
divided his own country districts into five parts, which he supplied
with arms, and enrolled the men under captains and ensigns, so M
could quickly bring into the field twenty thousand soldiers, without
those whom he could summon to his assistance from Pisa. While he
surrounded himself with these forces and allies, it happened at Messer
Matteo Visconti was attacked by the Guelphs of Piacenza, who had driven
out the Ghibellines with the assistance of a Florentine army and the
King Ruberto. Messer Matteo called upon Castruccio to invade the
Florentines in their own territories, so that, being attacked at home,
they should be compellM
ed to draw their army out of Lombardy in order to
defend themselves. Castruccio invaded the Valdarno, and seized
Fucecchio and San Miniato, inflicting immense damage upon the country.
Whereupon the Florentines recalled their army, which had scarcely
reached Tuscany, when Castruccio was forced by other necessities to
There resided in the city of Lucca the Poggio family, who were so
powerful that they could not only elevate Castruccio, but even advance
him to the dignity of prince; and it aM
ppearing to them they had not
received such rewards for their services as they deserved, they incited
other families to rebel and to drive Castruccio out of Lucca. They
found their opportunity one morning, and arming themselves, they set
upon the lieutenant whom Castruccio had left to maintain order and
killed him. They endeavoured to raise the people in revolt, but Stefano
di Poggio, a peaceable old man who had taken no hand in the rebellion,
intervened and compelled them by his authority to lay down their M
and he offered to be their mediator with Castruccio to obtain from him
what they desired. Therefore they laid down their arms with no greater
intelligence than they had taken them up. Castruccio, having heard the
news of what had happened at Lucca, at once put Pagolo Guinigi in
command of the army, and with a troop of cavalry set out for home.
Contrary to his expectations, he found the rebellion at an end, yet he
posted his men in the most advantageous places throughout the city. As
fano that Castruccio ought to be very much obliged to
him, he sought him out, and without saying anything on his own behalf,
for he did not recognize any need for doing so, he begged Castruccio to
pardon the other members of his family by reason of their youth, their
former friendships, and the obligations which Castruccio was under to
their house. To this Castruccio graciously responded, and begged
Stefano to reassure himself, declaring that it gave him more pleasure
to find the tumult at an end than it hadM
ever caused him anxiety to
hear of its inception. He encouraged Stefano to bring his family to
him, saying that he thanked God for having given him the opportunity of
showing his clemency and liberality. Upon the word of Stefano and
Castruccio they surrendered, and with Stefano were immediately thrown
into prison and put to death. Meanwhile the Florentines had recovered
San Miniato, whereupon it seemed advisable to Castruccio to make peace,
as it did not appear to him that he was sufficiently secure at LuccM
leave him. He approached the Florentines with the proposal of a truce,
which they readily entertained, for they were weary of the war, and
desirous of getting rid of the expenses of it. A treaty was concluded
with them for two years, by which both parties agreed to keep the
conquests they had made. Castruccio thus released from this trouble,
turned his attention to affairs in Lucca, and in order that he should
not again be subject to the perils from which he had just escaped, he,
under various pretenceM
s and reasons, first wiped out all those who by
their ambition might aspire to the principality; not sparing one of
them, but depriving them of country and property, and those whom he had
in his hands of life also, stating that he had found by experience that
none of them were to be trusted. Then for his further security he
raised a fortress in Lucca with the stones of the towers of those whom
he had killed or hunted out of the state.
Whilst Castruccio made peace with the Florentines, and strengthened his
position in Lucca, he neglected no opportunity, short of open war, of
increasing his importance elsewhere. It appeared to him that if he
could get possession of Pistoia, he would have one foot in Florence,
which was his great desire. He, therefore, in various ways made friends
with the mountaineers, and worked matters so in Pistoia that both
parties confided their secrets to him. Pistoia was divided, as it
always had been, into the Bianchi and Neri parties; the head of the
Bianchi was Bastiano di Possente, M
and of the Neri, Jacopo da Gia. Each
of these men held secret communications with Castruccio, and each
desired to drive the other out of the city; and, after many
threatenings, they came to blows. Jacopo fortified himself at the
Florentine gate, Bastiano at that of the Lucchese side of the city;
both trusted more in Castruccio than in the Florentines, because they
believed that Castruccio was far more ready and willing to fight than
the Florentines, and they both sent to him for assistance. He gave
to both, saying to Bastiano that he would come in person, and
to Jacopo that he would send his pupil, Pagolo Guinigi. At the
appointed time he sent forward Pagolo by way of Pisa, and went himself
direct to Pistoia; at midnight both of them met outside the city, and
both were admitted as friends. Thus the two leaders entered, and at a
signal given by Castruccio, one killed Jacopo da Gia, and the other
Bastiano di Possente, and both took prisoners or killed the partisans
of either faction. Without further oppM
osition Pistoia passed into the
hands of Castruccio, who, having forced the Signoria to leave the
palace, compelled the people to yield obedience to him, making them
many promises and remitting their old debts. The countryside flocked to
the city to see the new prince, and all were filled with hope and
quickly settled down, influenced in a great measure by his great
About this time great disturbances arose in Rome, owing to the dearness
of living which was caused by the absence of the pontiff at AM
The German governor, Enrico, was much blamed for what happened
and tumults following each other daily, without his being able to put
an end to them. This caused Enrico much anxiety lest the Romans should
call in Ruberto, the King of Naples, who would drive the Germans out of
the city, and bring back the Pope. Having no nearer friend to whom he
could apply for help than Castruccio, he sent to him, begging him not
only to give him assistance, but also to come in person to Rome.
nsidered that he ought not to hesitate to render the
emperor this service, because he believed that he himself would not be
safe if at any time the emperor ceased to hold Rome. Leaving Pagolo
Guinigi in command at Lucca, Castruccio set out for Rome with six
hundred horsemen, where he was received by Enrico with the greatest
distinction. In a short time the presence of Castruccio obtained such
respect for the emperor that, without bloodshed or violence, good order
was restored, chiefly by reason of CastruccioM
having sent by sea from
the country round Pisa large quantities of corn, and thus removed the
source of the trouble. When he had chastised some of the Roman leaders,
and admonished others, voluntary obedience was rendered to Enrico.
Castruccio received many honours, and was made a Roman senator. This
dignity was assumed with the greatest pomp, Castruccio being clothed in
a brocaded toga, which had the following words embroidered on its
I am what God wills.
Whilst on the back was:
During this time the Florentines, who were much enraged that Castruccio
should have seized Pistoia during the truce, considered how they could
tempt the city to rebel, to do which they thought would not be
difficult in his absence. Among the exiled Pistoians in Florence were
Baldo Cecchi and Jacopo Baldini, both men of leading and ready to face
danger. These men kept up communications with their friends in Pistoia,
and with the aid of the Florentines entered the city by night, and
r driving out some of Castruccio
s officials and partisans, and
killing others, they restored the city to its freedom. The news of this
greatly angered Castruccio, and taking leave of Enrico, he pressed on
in great haste to Pistoia. When the Florentines heard of his return,
knowing that he would lose no time, they decided to intercept him with
their forces in the Val di Nievole, under the belief that by doing so
they would cut off his road to Pistoia. Assembling a great army of the
supporters of the GuelphM
cause, the Florentines entered the Pistoian
territories. On the other hand, Castruccio reached Montecarlo with his
army; and having heard where the Florentines
lay, he decided not to
encounter it in the plains of Pistoia, nor to await it in the plains of
Pescia, but, as far as he possibly could, to attack it boldly in the
Pass of Serravalle. He believed that if he succeeded in this design,
victory was assured, although he was informed that the Florentines had
thirty thousand men, whilst he had only twelvM
e thousand. Although he
had every confidence in his own abilities and the valour of his troops,
yet he hesitated to attack his enemy in the open lest he should be
overwhelmed by numbers. Serravalle is a castle between Pescia and
Pistoia, situated on a hill which blocks the Val di Nievole, not in the
exact pass, but about a bowshot beyond; the pass itself is in places
narrow and steep, whilst in general it ascends gently, but is still
narrow, especially at the summit where the waters divide, so that
en side by side could hold it. The lord of Serravalle was
Manfred, a German, who, before Castruccio became lord of Pistoia, had
been allowed to remain in possession of the castle, it being common to
the Lucchese and the Pistoians, and unclaimed by either
wishing to displace Manfred as long as he kept his promise of
neutrality, and came under obligations to no one. For these reasons,
and also because the castle was well fortified, he had always been able
to maintain his position. It was hereM
that Castruccio had determined to
fall upon his enemy, for here his few men would have the advantage, and
there was no fear lest, seeing the large masses of the hostile force
before they became engaged, they should not stand. As soon as this
trouble with Florence arose, Castruccio saw the immense advantage which
possession of this castle would give him, and having an intimate
friendship with a resident in the castle, he managed matters so with
him that four hundred of his men were to be admitted into the caM
the night before the attack on the Florentines, and the castellan put
Castruccio, having prepared everything, had now to encourage the
Florentines to persist in their desire to carry the seat of war away
from Pistoia into the Val di Nievole, therefore he did not move his
army from Montecarlo. Thus the Florentines hurried on until they
reached their encampment under Serravalle, intending to cross the hill
on the following morning. In the meantime, Castruccio had seized the
had also moved his army from Montecarlo, and marching
from thence at midnight in dead silence, had reached the foot of
Serravalle: thus he and the Florentines commenced the ascent of the
hill at the same time in the morning. Castruccio sent forward his
infantry by the main road, and a troop of four hundred horsemen by a
path on the left towards the castle. The Florentines sent forward four
hundred cavalry ahead of their army which was following, never
expecting to find Castruccio in possession of the hill, nM
aware of his having seized the castle. Thus it happened that the
Florentine horsemen mounting the hill were completely taken by surprise
when they discovered the infantry of Castruccio, and so close were they
upon it they had scarcely time to pull down their visors. It was a case
of unready soldiers being attacked by ready, and they were assailed
with such vigour that with difficulty they could hold their own,
although some few of them got through. When the noise of the fighting
rentine camp below, it was filled with confusion. The
cavalry and infantry became inextricably mixed: the captains were
unable to get their men either backward or forward, owing to the
narrowness of the pass, and amid all this tumult no one knew what ought
to be done or what could be done. In a short time the cavalry who were
engaged with the enemy
s infantry were scattered or killed without
having made any effective defence because of their unfortunate
position, although in sheer desperation they had offeM
resistance. Retreat had been impossible, with the mountains on both
flanks, whilst in front were their enemies, and in the rear their
friends. When Castruccio saw that his men were unable to strike a
decisive blow at the enemy and put them to flight, he sent one thousand
infantrymen round by the castle, with orders to join the four hundred
horsemen he had previously dispatched there, and commanded the whole
force to fall upon the flank of the enemy. These orders they carried
out with such fury tM
hat the Florentines could not sustain the attack,
but gave way, and were soon in full retreat
conquered more by their
unfortunate position than by the valour of their enemy. Those in the
rear turned towards Pistoia, and spread through the plains, each man
seeking only his own safety. The defeat was complete and very
sanguinary. Many captains were taken prisoners, among whom were Bandini
dei Rossi, Francesco Brunelleschi, and Giovanni della Tosa, all
Florentine noblemen, with many Tuscans and Neapolitans whM
the Florentine side, having been sent by King Ruberto to assist the
Guelphs. Immediately the Pistoians heard of this defeat they drove out
the friends of the Guelphs, and surrendered to Castruccio. He was not
content with occupying Prato and all the castles on the plains on both
sides of the Arno, but marched his army into the plain of Peretola,
about two miles from Florence. Here he remained many days, dividing the
spoils, and celebrating his victory with feasts and games, holding
and foot races for men and women. He also struck medals in
commemoration of the defeat of the Florentines. He endeavoured to
corrupt some of the citizens of Florence, who were to open the city
gates at night; but the conspiracy was discovered, and the
participators in it taken and beheaded, among whom were Tommaso Lupacci
and Lambertuccio Frescobaldi. This defeat caused the Florentines great
anxiety, and despairing of preserving their liberty, they sent envoys
to King Ruberto of Naples, offering him the domiM
nion of their city; and
he, knowing of what immense importance the maintenance of the Guelph
cause was to him, accepted it. He agreed with the Florentines to
receive from them a yearly tribute of two hundred thousand florins, and
he sent his son Carlo to Florence with four thousand horsemen.
Shortly after this the Florentines were relieved in some degree of the
pressure of Castruccio
s army, owing to his being compelled to leave
his positions before Florence and march on Pisa, in order to suppress a
spiracy that had been raised against him by Benedetto Lanfranchi,
one of the first men in Pisa, who could not endure that his fatherland
should be under the dominion of the Lucchese. He had formed this
conspiracy, intending to seize the citadel, kill the partisans of
Castruccio, and drive out the garrison. As, however, in a conspiracy
paucity of numbers is essential to secrecy, so for its execution a few
are not sufficient, and in seeking more adherents to his conspiracy
Lanfranchi encountered a person who rM
evealed the design to Castruccio.
This betrayal cannot be passed by without severe reproach to Bonifacio
Cerchi and Giovanni Guidi, two Florentine exiles who were suffering
their banishment in Pisa. Thereupon Castruccio seized Benedetto and put
him to death, and beheaded many other noble citizens, and drove their
families into exile. It now appeared to Castruccio that both Pisa and
Pistoia were thoroughly disaffected; he employed much thought and
energy upon securing his position there, and this gave the FloM
their opportunity to reorganize their army, and to await the coming of
Carlo, the son of the King of Naples. When Carlo arrived they decided
to lose no more time, and assembled a great army of more than thirty
thousand infantry and ten thousand cavalry
having called to their aid
every Guelph there was in Italy. They consulted whether they should
attack Pistoia or Pisa first, and decided that it would be better to
a course, owing to the recent conspiracy, more
ed, and of more advantage to them, because they believed
that the surrender of Pistoia would follow the acquisition of Pisa.
In the early part of May 1328, the Florentines put in motion this army
and quickly occupied Lastra, Signa, Montelupo, and Empoli, passing from
thence on to San Miniato. When Castruccio heard of the enormous army
which the Florentines were sending against him, he was in no degree
alarmed, believing that the time had now arrived when Fortune would
deliver the empire of Tuscany into hisM
hands, for he had no reason to
think that his enemy would make a better fight, or had better prospects
of success, than at Pisa or Serravalle. He assembled twenty thousand
foot soldiers and four thousand horsemen, and with this army went to
Fucecchio, whilst he sent Pagolo Guinigi to Pisa with five thousand
infantry. Fucecchio has a stronger position than any other town in the
Pisan district, owing to its situation between the rivers Arno and
Gusciana and its slight elevation above the surrounding plain.
oreover, the enemy could not hinder its being victualled unless they
divided their forces, nor could they approach it either from the
direction of Lucca or Pisa, nor could they get through to Pisa, or
s forces except at a disadvantage. In one case they
would find themselves placed between his two armies, the one under his
own command and the other under Pagolo, and in the other case they
would have to cross the Arno to get to close quarters with the enemy,
an undertaking of great hazard. M
In order to tempt the Florentines to
take this latter course, Castruccio withdrew his men from the banks of
the river and placed them under the walls of Fucecchio, leaving a wide
expanse of land between them and the river.
The Florentines, having occupied San Miniato, held a council of war to
decide whether they should attack Pisa or the army of Castruccio, and,
having weighed the difficulties of both courses, they decided upon the
latter. The river Arno was at that time low enough to be fordable, yet
water reached to the shoulders of the infantrymen and to the
saddles of the horsemen. On the morning of 10 June 1328, the
Florentines commenced the battle by ordering forward a number of
cavalry and ten thousand infantry. Castruccio, whose plan of action was
fixed, and who well knew what to do, at once attacked the Florentines
with five thousand infantry and three thousand horsemen, not allowing
them to issue from the river before he charged them; he also sent one
thousand light infantry up the river bank, M
and the same number down the
Arno. The infantry of the Florentines were so much impeded by their
arms and the water that they were not able to mount the banks of the
river, whilst the cavalry had made the passage of the river more
difficult for the others, by reason of the few who had crossed having
broken up the bed of the river, and this being deep with mud, many of
the horses rolled over with their riders and many of them had stuck so
fast that they could not move. When the Florentine captains saw the
fficulties their men were meeting, they withdrew them and moved
higher up the river, hoping to find the river bed less treacherous and
the banks more adapted for landing. These men were met at the bank by
the forces which Castruccio had already sent forward, who, being light
armed with bucklers and javelins in their hands, let fly with
tremendous shouts into the faces and bodies of the cavalry. The horses,
alarmed by the noise and the wounds, would not move forward, and
trampled each other in great confusionM
. The fight between the men of
Castruccio and those of the enemy who succeeded in crossing was sharp
and terrible; both sides fought with the utmost desperation and neither
would yield. The soldiers of Castruccio fought to drive the others back
into the river, whilst the Florentines strove to get a footing on land
in order to make room for the others pressing forward, who if they
could but get out of the water would be able to fight, and in this
obstinate conflict they were urged on by their captains. CastruM
shouted to his men that these were the same enemies whom they had
before conquered at Serravalle, whilst the Florentines reproached each
other that the many should be overcome by the few. At length
Castruccio, seeing how long the battle had lasted, and that both his
men and the enemy were utterly exhausted, and that both sides had many
killed and wounded, pushed forward another body of infantry to take up
a position at the rear of those who were fighting; he then commanded
these latter to open their raM
nks as if they intended to retreat, and
one part of them to turn to the right and another to the left. This
cleared a space of which the Florentines at once took advantage, and
thus gained possession of a portion of the battlefield. But when these
tired soldiers found themselves at close quarters with Castruccio
reserves they could not stand against them and at once fell back into
the river. The cavalry of either side had not as yet gained any
decisive advantage over the other, because Castruccio, knowinM
inferiority in this arm, had commanded his leaders only to stand on the
defensive against the attacks of their adversaries, as he hoped that
when he had overcome the infantry he would be able to make short work
of the cavalry. This fell out as he had hoped, for when he saw the
Florentine army driven back across the river he ordered the remainder
of his infantry to attack the cavalry of the enemy. This they did with
lance and javelin, and, joined by their own cavalry, fell upon the
enemy with the greatM
est fury and soon put him to flight. The Florentine
captains, having seen the difficulty their cavalry had met with in
crossing the river, had attempted to make their infantry cross lower
down the river, in order to attack the flanks of Castruccio
here, also, the banks were steep and already lined by the men of
Castruccio, and this movement was quite useless. Thus the Florentines
were so completely defeated at all points that scarcely a third of them
escaped, and Castruccio was again covered wiM
th glory. Many captains
were taken prisoners, and Carlo, the son of King Ruberto, with
Michelagnolo Falconi and Taddeo degli Albizzi, the Florentine
commissioners, fled to Empoli. If the spoils were great, the slaughter
was infinitely greater, as might be expected in such a battle. Of the
Florentines there fell twenty thousand two hundred and thirty-one men,
whilst Castruccio lost one thousand five hundred and seventy men.
But Fortune growing envious of the glory of Castruccio took away his
he time when she should have preserved it, and thus
ruined all those plans which for so long a time he had worked to carry
into effect, and in the successful prosecution of which nothing but
death could have stopped him. Castruccio was in the thick of the battle
the whole of the day; and when the end of it came, although fatigued
and overheated, he stood at the gate of Fucecchio to welcome his men on
their return from victory and personally thank them. He was also on the
watch for any attempt of the enemy toM
retrieve the fortunes of the day;
he being of the opinion that it was the duty of a good general to be
the first man in the saddle and the last out of it. Here Castruccio
stood exposed to a wind which often rises at midday on the banks of the
Arno, and which is often very unhealthy; from this he took a chill, of
which he thought nothing, as he was accustomed to such troubles; but it
was the cause of his death. On the following night he was attacked with
high fever, which increased so rapidly that the doctorM
prove fatal. Castruccio, therefore, called Pagolo Guinigi to him, and
addressed him as follows:
If I could have believed that Fortune would have cut me off in the
midst of the career which was leading to that glory which all my
successes promised, I should have laboured less, and I should have left
thee, if a smaller state, at least with fewer enemies and perils,
because I should have been content with the governorships of Lucca and
Pisa. I should neither have subjugated the Pistoians, noM
Florentines with so many injuries. But I would have made both these
peoples my friends, and I should have lived, if no longer, at least
more peacefully, and have left you a state without a doubt smaller, but
one more secure and established on a surer foundation. But Fortune, who
insists upon having the arbitrament of human affairs, did not endow me
with sufficient judgment to recognize this from the first, nor the time
to surmount it. Thou hast heard, for many have told thee, and I have
concealed it, how I entered the house of thy father whilst yet a
a stranger to all those ambitions which every generous soul should
and how I was brought up by him, and loved as though I had been
born of his blood; how under his governance I learned to be valiant and
capable of availing myself of all that fortune, of which thou hast been
witness. When thy good father came to die, he committed thee and all
his possessions to my care, and I have brought thee up with that love,
and increased thy eM
state with that care, which I was bound to show. And
in order that thou shouldst not only possess the estate which thy
father left, but also that which my fortune and abilities have gained,
I have never married, so that the love of children should never deflect
my mind from that gratitude which I owed to the children of thy father.
Thus I leave thee a vast estate, of which I am well content, but I am
deeply concerned, inasmuch as I leave it thee unsettled and insecure.
Thou hast the city of Lucca on thy handM
s, which will never rest
contented under thy government. Thou hast also Pisa, where the men are
of nature changeable and unreliable, who, although they may be
sometimes held in subjection, yet they will ever disdain to serve under
a Lucchese. Pistoia is also disloyal to thee, she being eaten up with
factions and deeply incensed against thy family by reason of the wrongs
recently inflicted upon them. Thou hast for neighbours the offended
Florentines, injured by us in a thousand ways, but not utterly
d, who will hail the news of my death with more delight than
they would the acquisition of all Tuscany. In the Emperor and in the
princes of Milan thou canst place no reliance, for they are far
distant, slow, and their help is very long in coming. Therefore, thou
hast no hope in anything but in thine own abilities, and in the memory
of my valour, and in the prestige which this latest victory has brought
thee; which, as thou knowest how to use it with prudence, will assist
thee to come to terms with the FloreM
ntines, who, as they are suffering
under this great defeat, should be inclined to listen to thee. And
whereas I have sought to make them my enemies, because I believed that
war with them would conduce to my power and glory, thou hast every
inducement to make friends of them, because their alliance will bring
thee advantages and security. It is of the greatest important in this
world that a man should know himself, and the measure of his own
strength and means; and he who knows that he has not a genius for
ighting must learn how to govern by the arts of peace. And it will be
well for thee to rule thy conduct by my counsel, and to learn in this
way to enjoy what my life-work and dangers have gained; and in this
thou wilt easily succeed when thou hast learnt to believe that what I
have told thee is true. And thou wilt be doubly indebted to me, in that
I have left thee this realm and have taught thee how to keep it.
After this there came to Castruccio those citizens of Pisa, Pistoia,
and Lucca, who had been M
fighting at his side, and whilst recommending
Pagolo to them, and making them swear obedience to him as his
successor, he died. He left a happy memory to those who had known him,
and no prince of those times was ever loved with such devotion as he
was. His obsequies were celebrated with every sign of mourning, and he
was buried in San Francesco at Lucca. Fortune was not so friendly to
Pagolo Guinigi as she had been to Castruccio, for he had not the
abilities. Not long after the death of Castruccio, Pagolo loM
and then Pistoia, and only with difficulty held on to Lucca. This
latter city continued in the family of Guinigi until the time of the
great-grandson of Pagolo.
From what has been related here it will be seen that Castruccio was a
man of exceptional abilities, not only measured by men of his own time,
but also by those of an earlier date. In stature he was above the
ordinary height, and perfectly proportioned. He was of a gracious
presence, and he welcomed men with such urbanity that those who spM
with him rarely left him displeased. His hair was inclined to be red,
and he wore it cut short above the ears, and, whether it rained or
snowed, he always went without a hat. He was delightful among friends,
but terrible to his enemies; just to his subjects; ready to play false
with the unfaithful, and willing to overcome by fraud those whom he
desired to subdue, because he was wont to say that it was the victory
that brought the glory, not the methods of achieving it. No one was
bolder in facing dangerM
, none more prudent in extricating himself. He
was accustomed to say that men ought to attempt everything and fear
nothing; that God is a lover of strong men, because one always sees
that the weak are chastised by the strong. He was also wonderfully
sharp or biting though courteous in his answers; and as he did not look
for any indulgence in this way of speaking from others, so he was not
angered with others did not show it to him. It has often happened that
he has listened quietly when others have spoken shM
the following occasions. He had caused a ducat to be given for a
partridge, and was taken to task for doing so by a friend, to whom
Castruccio had said:
You would not have given more than a penny.
answered the friend. Then said Castruccio to him:
ducat is much less to me.
Having about him a flatterer on whom he had
spat to show that he scorned him, the flatterer said to him:
are willing to let the waters of the sea saturate them in order thatM
they may take a few little fishes, and I allow myself to be wetted by
spittle that I may catch a whale
; and this was not only heard by
Castruccio with patience but rewarded. When told by a priest that it
was wicked for him to live so sumptuously, Castruccio said:
a vice then you should not fare so splendidly at the feasts of our
Passing through a street he saw a young man as he came out of
a house of ill fame blush at being seen by Castruccio, and said to him:
ot be ashamed when thou comest out, but when thou goest
A friend gave him a very curiously tied knot to undo
Fool, do you think that I wish to untie a thing which
gave so much trouble to fasten.
Castruccio said to one who professed
to be a philosopher:
You are like the dogs who always run after those
who will give them the best to eat,
like the doctors who go to the houses of those who have the greatest
y water from Pisa to Leghorn, Castruccio was much
disturbed by a dangerous storm that sprang up, and was reproached for
cowardice by one of those with him, who said that he did not fear
anything. Castruccio answered that he did not wonder at that, since
every man valued his soul for what is was worth. Being asked by one
what he ought to do to gain estimation, he said:
When thou goest to a
banquet take care that thou dost not seat one piece of wood upon
To a person who was boasting that he had M
He knows better than to boast of remembering many
Someone bragged that he could drink much without becoming
intoxicated. Castruccio replied:
An ox does the same.
acquainted with a girl with whom he had intimate relations, and being
blamed by a friend who told him that it was undignified for him to be
taken in by a woman, he said:
She has not taken me in, I have taken
Being also blamed for eating very dainty foods, he answered:
Thou dost not spend as much as I do?
and being told that it was true,
Then thou art more avaricious than I am gluttonous.
Being invited by Taddeo Bernardi, a very rich and splendid citizen of
Luca, to supper, he went to the house and was shown by Taddeo into a
chamber hung with silk and paved with fine stones representing flowers
and foliage of the most beautiful colouring. Castruccio gathered some
saliva in his mouth and spat it out upon Taddeo, and seeing him much
I knew not where to spit in order to
Being asked how Caesar died he said:
Being one night in the house of one of his
gentlemen where many ladies were assembled, he was reproved by one of
his friends for dancing and amusing himself with them more than was
usual in one of his station, so he said:
He who is considered wise by
day will not be considered a fool at night.
A person came to demand a
favour of Castruccio, and thinkiM
ng he was not listening to his plea
threw himself on his knees to the ground, and being sharply reproved by
Thou art the reason of my acting thus for thou hast
thy ears in thy feet,
whereupon he obtained double the favour he had
asked. Castruccio used to say that the way to hell was an easy one,
seeing that it was in a downward direction and you travelled
blindfolded. Being asked a favour by one who used many superfluous
words, he said to him:
When you have another request to make,M
someone else to make it.
Having been wearied by a similar man with a
long oration who wound up by saying:
Perhaps I have fatigued you by
You have not, because I have not
listened to a word you said.
He used to say of one who had been a
beautiful child and who afterwards became a fine man, that he was
dangerous, because he first took the husbands from the wives and now he
took the wives from their husbands. To an envious man who laughed, he
you laugh because you are successful or because another is
Whilst he was still in the charge of Messer Francesco
Guinigi, one of his companions said to him:
What shall I give you if
you will let me give you a blow on the nose?
Castruccio answered:
Having put to death a citizen of Lucca who had been
instrumental in raising him to power, and being told that he had done
wrong to kill one of his old friends, he answered that people deceived
themselves; he had only killed a nM
ew enemy. Castruccio praised greatly
those men who intended to take a wife and then did not do so, saying
that they were like men who said they would go to sea, and then refused
when the time came. He said that it always struck him with surprise
that whilst men in buying an earthen or glass vase would sound it first
to learn if it were good, yet in choosing a wife they were content with
only looking at her. He was once asked in what manner he would wish to
be buried when he died, and answered:
ce turned downwards,
for I know when I am gone this country will be turned upside down.
being asked if it had ever occurred to him to become a friar in order
to save his soul, he answered that it had not, because it appeared
strange to him that Fra Lazerone should go to Paradise and Uguccione
della Faggiuola to the Inferno. He was once asked when should a man eat
to preserve his health, and replied:
If the man be rich let him eat
when he is hungry; if he be poor, then when he can.
gentlemen make a member of his family lace him up, he said to him:
pray God that you will let him feed you also.
Seeing that someone had
written upon his house in Latin the words:
May God preserve this house
The owner must never go in.
through one of the streets he saw a small house with a very large door,
That house will fly through the door.
discussion with the ambassador of the King of Naples concerning the
rty of some banished nobles, when a dispute arose between them,
and the ambassador asked him if he had no fear of the king.
king of yours a bad man or a good one?
asked Castruccio, and was told
that he was a good one, whereupon he said,
Why should you suggest that
I should be afraid of a good man?
I could recount many other stories of his sayings both witty and
weighty, but I think that the above will be sufficient testimony to his
high qualities. He lived forty-four years, and was in eM
prince. And as he was surrounded by many evidences of his good fortune,
so he also desired to have near him some memorials of his bad fortune;
therefore the manacles with which he was chained in prison are to be
seen to this day fixed up in the tower of his residence, where they
were placed by him to testify forever to his days of adversity. As in
his life he was inferior neither to Philip of Macedon, the father of
Alexander, nor to Scipio of Rome, so he died in the same year of his
id, and he would doubtless have excelled both of them had
Fortune decreed that he should be born, not in Lucca, but in Macedonia
text/plain;charset=utf-8
To the Lighthouse by Virginia Woolf
"Yes, of course, if it's fine tomorrow," said Mrs. Ramsay. "But you'll
have to be up with the lark," she added.
To her son these words conveyed an extraordinary joy, as if it were
settled, the expedition were bound to take place, and the wonder to which
he had looked forward, for years and years it seemed, was, after a night's
darkness and a day's sail, within touch. Since he belonged, even at the
age of six, to that great clan which cannot keep this feeling sM
from that, but must let future prospects, with their joys and sorrows,
cloud what is actually at hand, since to such people even in earliest
childhood any turn in the wheel of sensation has the power to crystallise
and transfix the moment upon which its gloom or radiance rests, James
Ramsay, sitting on the floor cutting out pictures from the illustrated
catalogue of the Army and Navy stores, endowed the picture of a
refrigerator, as his mother spoke, with heavenly bliss. It was fringed
with joy. The wheelbaM
rrow, the lawnmower, the sound of poplar trees,
leaves whitening before rain, rooks cawing, brooms knocking, dresses
rustling--all these were so coloured and distinguished in his mind that he
had already his private code, his secret language, though he appeared the
image of stark and uncompromising severity, with his high forehead and his
fierce blue eyes, impeccably candid and pure, frowning slightly at the
sight of human frailty, so that his mother, watching him guide his
scissors neatly round the refrigerator, iM
magined him all red and ermine on
the Bench or directing a stern and momentous enterprise in some crisis of
"But," said his father, stopping in front of the drawing-room window, "it
Had there been an axe handy, a poker, or any weapon that would have gashed
a hole in his father's breast and killed him, there and then, James would
have seized it. Such were the extremes of emotion that Mr. Ramsay excited
in his children's breasts by his mere presence; standing, as now, lean as
, narrow as the blade of one, grinning sarcastically, not only with
the pleasure of disillusioning his son and casting ridicule upon his wife,
who was ten thousand times better in every way than he was
(James thought), but also with some secret conceit at his own accuracy of
judgement. What he said was true. It was always true. He was incapable
of untruth; never tampered with a fact; never altered a disagreeable word
to suit the pleasure or convenience of any mortal being, least of all of
his own children, who, sprM
ung from his loins, should be aware from
childhood that life is difficult; facts uncompromising; and the passage to
that fabled land where our brightest hopes are extinguished, our frail
barks founder in darkness (here Mr. Ramsay would straighten his back and
narrow his little blue eyes upon the horizon), one that needs, above all,
courage, truth, and the power to endure.
"But it may be fine--I expect it will be fine," said Mrs. Ramsay, making
some little twist of the reddish brown stocking she was knitting,
iently. If she finished it tonight, if they did go to the Lighthouse
after all, it was to be given to the Lighthouse keeper for his little boy,
who was threatened with a tuberculous hip; together with a pile of old
magazines, and some tobacco, indeed, whatever she could find lying about,
not really wanted, but only littering the room, to give those poor
fellows, who must be bored to death sitting all day with nothing to do but
polish the lamp and trim the wick and rake about on their scrap of garden,
muse them. For how would you like to be shut up for a whole
month at a time, and possibly more in stormy weather, upon a rock the size
of a tennis lawn? she would ask; and to have no letters or newspapers, and
to see nobody; if you were married, not to see your wife, not to know how
your children were,--if they were ill, if they had fallen down and broken
their legs or arms; to see the same dreary waves breaking week after week,
and then a dreadful storm coming, and the windows covered with spray, and
against the lamp, and the whole place rocking, and not be
able to put your nose out of doors for fear of being swept into the sea?
How would you like that? she asked, addressing herself particularly to her
daughters. So she added, rather differently, one must take them whatever
"It's due west," said the atheist Tansley, holding his bony fingers spread
so that the wind blew through them, for he was sharing Mr. Ramsay's
evening walk up and down, up and down the terrace. That is to say, the
w from the worst possible direction for landing at the Lighthouse.
Yes, he did say disagreeable things, Mrs. Ramsay admitted; it was odious
of him to rub this in, and make James still more disappointed; but at the
same time, she would not let them laugh at him. "The atheist," they
called him; "the little atheist." Rose mocked him; Prue mocked him;
Andrew, Jasper, Roger mocked him; even old Badger without a tooth in his
head had bit him, for being (as Nancy put it) the hundred and tenth young
man to chase them all tM
he way up to the Hebrides when it was ever so much
"Nonsense," said Mrs. Ramsay, with great severity. Apart from the habit
of exaggeration which they had from her, and from the implication (which
was true) that she asked too many people to stay, and had to lodge some in
the town, she could not bear incivility to her guests, to young men in
particular, who were poor as churchmice, "exceptionally able," her husband
said, his great admirers, and come there for a holiday. Indeed, she had
f the other sex under her protection; for reasons she could not
explain, for their chivalry and valour, for the fact that they negotiated
treaties, ruled India, controlled finance; finally for an attitude towards
herself which no woman could fail to feel or to find agreeable, something
trustful, childlike, reverential; which an old woman could take from a
young man without loss of dignity, and woe betide the girl--pray Heaven it
was none of her daughters!--who did not feel the worth of it, and all
to the marrow of her bones!
She turned with severity upon Nancy. He had not chased them, she said.
They must find a way out of it all. There might be some simpler way, some
less laborious way, she sighed. When she looked in the glass and saw her
hair grey, her cheek sunk, at fifty, she thought, possibly she might have
managed things better--her husband; money; his books. But for her own
part she would never for a single second regret her decision, evade
difficulties, or slur over duties. She waM
s now formidable to behold, and
it was only in silence, looking up from their plates, after she had spoken
so severely about Charles Tansley, that her daughters, Prue, Nancy,
Rose--could sport with infidel ideas which they had brewed for themselves
of a life different from hers; in Paris, perhaps; a wilder life; not
always taking care of some man or other; for there was in all their minds
a mute questioning of deference and chivalry, of the Bank of England and
the Indian Empire, of ringed fingers and lace, though tM
was something in this of the essence of beauty, which called out the
manliness in their girlish hearts, and made them, as they sat at table
beneath their mother's eyes, honour her strange severity, her extreme
courtesy, like a queen's raising from the mud to wash a beggar's dirty
foot, when she admonished them so very severely about that wretched
atheist who had chased them--or, speaking accurately, been invited to
stay with them--in the Isle of Skye.
"There'll be no landing at the Lighthouse tomoM
rrow," said Charles Tansley,
clapping his hands together as he stood at the window with her husband.
Surely, he had said enough. She wished they would both leave her and
James alone and go on talking. She looked at him. He was such a
miserable specimen, the children said, all humps and hollows. He couldn't
play cricket; he poked; he shuffled. He was a sarcastic brute, Andrew
said. They knew what he liked best--to be for ever walking up and down,
up and down, with Mr. Ramsay, and saying who had won this, who had wonM
that, who was a "first rate man" at Latin verses, who was "brilliant but I
think fundamentally unsound," who was undoubtedly the "ablest fellow in
Balliol," who had buried his light temporarily at Bristol or Bedford, but
was bound to be heard of later when his Prolegomena, of which Mr. Tansley
had the first pages in proof with him if Mr. Ramsay would like to see
them, to some branch of mathematics or philosophy saw the light of day.
That was what they talked about.
She could not help laughing herself sometimes. SM
he said, the other day,
something about "waves mountains high." Yes, said Charles Tansley, it
was a little rough. "Aren't you drenched to the skin?" she had said.
"Damp, not wet through," said Mr. Tansley, pinching his sleeve, feeling
But it was not that they minded, the children said. It was not his face;
it was not his manners. It was him--his point of view. When they talked
about something interesting, people, music, history, anything, even said
it was a fine evening so why not sit out of doors, thenM
complained of about Charles Tansley was that until he had turned the whole
thing round and made it somehow reflect himself and disparage them--he was
not satisfied. And he would go to picture galleries they said, and he
would ask one, did one like his tie? God knows, said Rose, one did not.
Disappearing as stealthily as stags from the dinner-table directly the
meal was over, the eight sons and daughters of Mr. and Mrs. Ramsay sought
their bedrooms, their fastness in a house where there was no other privM
to debate anything, everything; Tansley's tie; the passing of the Reform
Bill; sea birds and butterflies; people; while the sun poured into those
attics, which a plank alone separated from each other so that every
footstep could be plainly heard and the Swiss girl sobbing for her father
who was dying of cancer in a valley of the Grisons, and lit up bats,
flannels, straw hats, ink-pots, paint-pots, beetles, and the skulls of
small birds, while it drew from the long frilled strips of seaweed pinned
smell of salt and weeds, which was in the towels too,
gritty with sand from bathing.
Strife, divisions, difference of opinion, prejudices twisted into the very
fibre of being, oh, that they should begin so early, Mrs. Ramsay deplored.
They were so critical, her children. They talked such nonsense. She went
from the dining-room, holding James by the hand, since he would not go
with the others. It seemed to her such nonsense--inventing differences,
when people, heaven knows, were different enough without that. The rM
differences, she thought, standing by the drawing-room window, are enough,
quite enough. She had in mind at the moment, rich and poor, high and low;
the great in birth receiving from her, half grudging, some respect, for
had she not in her veins the blood of that very noble, if slightly
mythical, Italian house, whose daughters, scattered about English
drawing-rooms in the nineteenth century, had lisped so charmingly, had
stormed so wildly, and all her wit and her bearing and her temper came
from them, and not fM
rom the sluggish English, or the cold Scotch; but more
profoundly, she ruminated the other problem, of rich and poor, and the
things she saw with her own eyes, weekly, daily, here or in London, when
she visited this widow, or that struggling wife in person with a bag on
her arm, and a note-book and pencil with which she wrote down in columns
carefully ruled for the purpose wages and spendings, employment and
unemployment, in the hope that thus she would cease to be a private woman
whose charity was half a sop to heM
r own indignation, half a relief to her
own curiosity, and become what with her untrained mind she greatly
admired, an investigator, elucidating the social problem.
Insoluble questions they were, it seemed to her, standing there, holding
James by the hand. He had followed her into the drawing-room, that young
man they laughed at; he was standing by the table, fidgeting with
something, awkwardly, feeling himself out of things, as she knew without
looking round. They had all gone--the children; Minta Doyle and Paul
Rayley; Augustus Carmichael; her husband--they had all gone. So she
turned with a sigh and said, "Would it bore you to come with me,
She had a dull errand in the town; she had a letter or two to write; she
would be ten minutes perhaps; she would put on her hat. And, with her
basket and her parasol, there she was again, ten minutes later, giving out
a sense of being ready, of being equipped for a jaunt, which, however, she
must interrupt for a moment, as they passed the tennis lawn, to ask
ael, who was basking with his yellow cat's eyes ajar, so that
like a cat's they seemed to reflect the branches moving or the clouds
passing, but to give no inkling of any inner thoughts or emotion
whatsoever, if he wanted anything.
For they were making the great expedition, she said, laughing. They were
going to the town. "Stamps, writing-paper, tobacco?" she suggested,
stopping by his side. But no, he wanted nothing. His hands clasped
themselves over his capacious paunch, his eyes blinked, as if he would
ed to reply kindly to these blandishments (she was seductive but a
little nervous) but could not, sunk as he was in a grey-green somnolence
which embraced them all, without need of words, in a vast and benevolent
lethargy of well-wishing; all the house; all the world; all the people in
it, for he had slipped into his glass at lunch a few drops of something,
which accounted, the children thought, for the vivid streak of
canary-yellow in moustache and beard that were otherwise milk white. No,
nothing, he murmured.
e should have been a great philosopher, said Mrs. Ramsay, as they went
down the road to the fishing village, but he had made an unfortunate
marriage. Holding her black parasol very erect, and moving with an
indescribable air of expectation, as if she were going to meet some one
round the corner, she told the story; an affair at Oxford with some girl;
an early marriage; poverty; going to India; translating a little poetry
"very beautifully, I believe," being willing to teach the boys Persian or
Hindustanee, but whatM
really was the use of that?--and then lying, as they
saw him, on the lawn.
It flattered him; snubbed as he had been, it soothed him that Mrs. Ramsay
should tell him this. Charles Tansley revived. Insinuating, too, as she
did the greatness of man's intellect, even in its decay, the subjection of
all wives--not that she blamed the girl, and the marriage had been happy
enough, she believed--to their husband's labours, she made him feel better
pleased with himself than he had done yet, and he would have liked, had
ey taken a cab, for example, to have paid the fare. As for her little
bag, might he not carry that? No, no, she said, she always carried THAT
herself. She did too. Yes, he felt that in her. He felt many things,
something in particular that excited him and disturbed him for reasons
which he could not give. He would like her to see him, gowned and hooded,
walking in a procession. A fellowship, a professorship, he felt capable
of anything and saw himself--but what was she looking at? At a man
pasting a bill. The vast M
flapping sheet flattened itself out, and each
shove of the brush revealed fresh legs, hoops, horses, glistening reds and
blues, beautifully smooth, until half the wall was covered with the
advertisement of a circus; a hundred horsemen, twenty performing seals,
lions, tigers ... Craning forwards, for she was short-sighted, she read it
out ... "will visit this town," she read. It was terribly dangerous work
for a one-armed man, she exclaimed, to stand on top of a ladder like
that--his left arm had been cut off in a rM
eaping machine two years ago.
"Let us all go!" she cried, moving on, as if all those riders and horses
had filled her with childlike exultation and made her forget her pity.
"Let's go," he said, repeating her words, clicking them out, however, with
a self-consciousness that made her wince. "Let us all go to the circus."
No. He could not say it right. He could not feel it right. But why not?
she wondered. What was wrong with him then? She liked him warmly, at the
moment. Had they not been taken, she asked, to circM
children? Never, he answered, as if she asked the very thing he wanted;
had been longing all these days to say, how they did not go to circuses.
It was a large family, nine brothers and sisters, and his father was a
working man. "My father is a chemist, Mrs. Ramsay. He keeps a shop." He
himself had paid his own way since he was thirteen. Often he went without
a greatcoat in winter. He could never "return hospitality" (those were
his parched stiff words) at college. He had to make things last twiM
time other people did; he smoked the cheapest tobacco; shag; the same the
old men did in the quays. He worked hard--seven hours a day; his subject
was now the influence of something upon somebody--they were walking on and
Mrs. Ramsay did not quite catch the meaning, only the words, here and
there ... dissertation ... fellowship ... readership ... lectureship. She
could not follow the ugly academic jargon, that rattled itself off so
glibly, but said to herself that she saw now why going to the circus had
ked him off his perch, poor little man, and why he came out,
instantly, with all that about his father and mother and brothers and
sisters, and she would see to it that they didn't laugh at him any more;
she would tell Prue about it. What he would have liked, she supposed,
would have been to say how he had gone not to the circus but to Ibsen with
the Ramsays. He was an awful prig--oh yes, an insufferable bore. For,
though they had reached the town now and were in the main street, with
carts grinding past on the cobM
bles, still he went on talking, about
settlements, and teaching, and working men, and helping our own class,
and lectures, till she gathered that he had got back entire
self-confidence, had recovered from the circus, and was about (and now
again she liked him warmly) to tell her--but here, the houses falling
away on both sides, they came out on the quay, and the whole bay
spread before them and Mrs. Ramsay could not help exclaiming, "Oh,
how beautiful!" For the great plateful of blue water was before her;
Lighthouse, distant, austere, in the midst; and on the right,
as far as the eye could see, fading and falling, in soft low pleats,
the green sand dunes with the wild flowing grasses on them, which always
seemed to be running away into some moon country, uninhabited of men.
That was the view, she said, stopping, growing greyer-eyed, that her
She paused a moment. But now, she said, artists had come here. There
indeed, only a few paces off, stood one of them, in Panama hat and yellow
, softly, absorbedly, for all that he was watched by ten
little boys, with an air of profound contentment on his round red face
gazing, and then, when he had gazed, dipping; imbuing the tip of his
brush in some soft mound of green or pink. Since Mr. Paunceforte had been
there, three years before, all the pictures were like that, she said,
green and grey, with lemon-coloured sailing-boats, and pink women on the
But her grandmother's friends, she said, glancing discreetly as they
passed, took the greatest paiM
ns; first they mixed their own colours, and
then they ground them, and then they put damp cloths to keep them moist.
So Mr. Tansley supposed she meant him to see that that man's picture was
skimpy, was that what one said? The colours weren't solid? Was that what
one said? Under the influence of that extraordinary emotion which had been
growing all the walk, had begun in the garden when he had wanted to take
her bag, had increased in the town when he had wanted to tell her
everything about himself, he was coming toM
see himself, and everything he
had ever known gone crooked a little. It was awfully strange.
There he stood in the parlour of the poky little house where she had taken
him, waiting for her, while she went upstairs a moment to see a woman. He
heard her quick step above; heard her voice cheerful, then low; looked at
the mats, tea-caddies, glass shades; waited quite impatiently; looked
forward eagerly to the walk home; determined to carry her bag; then heard
her come out; shut a door; say they must keep the windows M
doors shut, ask at the house for anything they wanted (she must be talking
to a child) when, suddenly, in she came, stood for a moment silent (as if
she had been pretending up there, and for a moment let herself be now),
stood quite motionless for a moment against a picture of Queen Victoria
wearing the blue ribbon of the Garter; when all at once he realised that
it was this: it was this:--she was the most beautiful person he had ever
With stars in her eyes and veils in her hair, with cyclamen aM
violets--what nonsense was he thinking? She was fifty at least; she had
eight children. Stepping through fields of flowers and taking to her
breast buds that had broken and lambs that had fallen; with the stars in
her eyes and the wind in her hair--He had hold of her bag.
"Good-bye, Elsie," she said, and they walked up the street, she holding
her parasol erect and walking as if she expected to meet some one round
the corner, while for the first time in his life Charles Tansley felt an
extraordinary pride; M
a man digging in a drain stopped digging and looked
at her, let his arm fall down and looked at her; for the first time in his
life Charles Tansley felt an extraordinary pride; felt the wind and the
cyclamen and the violets for he was walking with a beautiful woman. He
had hold of her bag.
"No going to the Lighthouse, James," he said, as trying in deference to
Mrs. Ramsay to soften his voice into some semblance of geniality at least.
Odious little man, thought Mrs. Ramsay, why go on saying that?
ps you will wake up and find the sun shining and the birds singing,"
she said compassionately, smoothing the little boy's hair, for her
husband, with his caustic saying that it would not be fine, had dashed his
spirits she could see. This going to the Lighthouse was a passion of his,
she saw, and then, as if her husband had not said enough, with his caustic
saying that it would not be fine tomorrow, this odious little man went and
rubbed it in all over again.
"Perhaps it will be fine tomorrow," she said, smoothingM
All she could do now was to admire the refrigerator, and turn the pages of
the Stores list in the hope that she might come upon something like a
rake, or a mowing-machine, which, with its prongs and its handles, would
need the greatest skill and care in cutting out. All these young men
parodied her husband, she reflected; he said it would rain; they said it
would be a positive tornado.
But here, as she turned the page, suddenly her search for the picture of a
rake or a mowing-machine was interrupted. TM
he gruff murmur, irregularly
broken by the taking out of pipes and the putting in of pipes which had
kept on assuring her, though she could not hear what was said (as she sat
in the window which opened on the terrace), that the men were happily
talking; this sound, which had lasted now half an hour and had taken its
place soothingly in the scale of sounds pressing on top of her, such as
the tap of balls upon bats, the sharp, sudden bark now and then,
"How's that? How's that?" of the children playing cricket, had ceM
so that the monotonous fall of the waves on the beach, which for the most
part beat a measured and soothing tattoo to her thoughts and seemed
consolingly to repeat over and over again as she sat with the children
the words of some old cradle song, murmured by nature, "I am guarding
you--I am your support," but at other times suddenly and unexpectedly,
especially when her mind raised itself slightly from the task actually in
hand, had no such kindly meaning, but like a ghostly roll of drums
remorselessly beat M
the measure of life, made one think of the destruction
of the island and its engulfment in the sea, and warned her whose day had
slipped past in one quick doing after another that it was all ephemeral as
a rainbow--this sound which had been obscured and concealed under the
other sounds suddenly thundered hollow in her ears and made her look up
with an impulse of terror.
They had ceased to talk; that was the explanation. Falling in one second
from the tension which had gripped her to the other extreme which, as if
to recoup her for her unnecessary expense of emotion, was cool, amused,
and even faintly malicious, she concluded that poor Charles Tansley had
been shed. That was of little account to her. If her husband required
sacrifices (and indeed he did) she cheerfully offered up to him Charles
Tansley, who had snubbed her little boy.
One moment more, with her head raised, she listened, as if she waited for
some habitual sound, some regular mechanical sound; and then, hearing
something rhythmical, half said, half chanted, bM
eginning in the garden, as
her husband beat up and down the terrace, something between a croak and a
song, she was soothed once more, assured again that all was well, and
looking down at the book on her knee found the picture of a pocket knife
with six blades which could only be cut out if James was very careful.
Suddenly a loud cry, as of a sleep-walker, half roused, something about
Stormed at with shot and shell
sung out with the utmost intensity in her ear, made her turn
apprehensively to see if anyone had M
heard him. Only Lily Briscoe, she was
glad to find; and that did not matter. But the sight of the girl standing
on the edge of the lawn painting reminded her; she was supposed to be
keeping her head as much in the same position as possible for Lily's
picture. Lily's picture! Mrs. Ramsay smiled. With her little Chinese
eyes and her puckered-up face, she would never marry; one could not take
her painting very seriously; she was an independent little creature, and
Mrs. Ramsay liked her for it; so, remembering her promM
Indeed, he almost knocked her easel over, coming down upon her with his
hands waving shouting out, "Boldly we rode and well," but, mercifully, he
turned sharp, and rode off, to die gloriously she supposed upon the
heights of Balaclava. Never was anybody at once so ridiculous and so
alarming. But so long as he kept like that, waving, shouting, she was
safe; he would not stand still and look at her picture. And that was what
Lily Briscoe could not have endured. Even while she looked at tM
at the line, at the colour, at Mrs. Ramsay sitting in the window with
James, she kept a feeler on her surroundings lest some one should creep
up, and suddenly she should find her picture looked at. But now, with all
her senses quickened as they were, looking, straining, till the colour of
the wall and the jacmanna beyond burnt into her eyes, she was aware of
someone coming out of the house, coming towards her; but somehow divined,
from the footfall, William Bankes, so that though her brush quivered, she
d not, as she would have done had it been Mr. Tansley, Paul Rayley,
Minta Doyle, or practically anybody else, turn her canvas upon the grass,
but let it stand. William Bankes stood beside her.
They had rooms in the village, and so, walking in, walking out, parting
late on door-mats, had said little things about the soup, about the
children, about one thing and another which made them allies; so that when
he stood beside her now in his judicial way (he was old enough to be her
father too, a botanist, a widower, smeM
lling of soap, very scrupulous and
clean) she just stood there. He just stood there. Her shoes were
excellent, he observed. They allowed the toes their natural expansion.
Lodging in the same house with her, he had noticed too, how orderly she
was, up before breakfast and off to paint, he believed, alone: poor,
presumably, and without the complexion or the allurement of Miss Doyle
certainly, but with a good sense which made her in his eyes superior to
that young lady. Now, for instance, when Ramsay bore down on themM
shouting, gesticulating, Miss Briscoe, he felt certain, understood.
Some one had blundered.
Mr. Ramsay glared at them. He glared at them without seeming to see them.
That did make them both vaguely uncomfortable. Together they had seen a
thing they had not been meant to see. They had encroached upon a privacy.
So, Lily thought, it was probably an excuse of his for moving, for getting
out of earshot, that made Mr. Bankes almost immediately say something
about its being chilly and suggested taking a stroll. SheM
yes. But it was with difficulty that she took her eyes off her picture.
The jacmanna was bright violet; the wall staring white. She would not
have considered it honest to tamper with the bright violet and the staring
white, since she saw them like that, fashionable though it was, since
Mr. Paunceforte's visit, to see everything pale, elegant, semitransparent.
Then beneath the colour there was the shape. She could see it all so
clearly, so commandingly, when she looked: it was when she took her brush
n hand that the whole thing changed. It was in that moment's flight
between the picture and her canvas that the demons set on her who often
brought her to the verge of tears and made this passage from conception to
work as dreadful as any down a dark passage for a child. Such she often
felt herself--struggling against terrific odds to maintain her courage; to
say: "But this is what I see; this is what I see," and so to clasp some
miserable remnant of her vision to her breast, which a thousand forces did
to pluck from her. And it was then too, in that chill and
windy way, as she began to paint, that there forced themselves upon her
other things, her own inadequacy, her insignificance, keeping house for
her father off the Brompton Road, and had much ado to control her impulse
to fling herself (thank Heaven she had always resisted so far) at
Mrs. Ramsay's knee and say to her--but what could one say to her? "I'm in
love with you?" No, that was not true. "I'm in love with this all,"
waving her hand at the hedge, at theM
house, at the children. It was
absurd, it was impossible. So now she laid her brushes neatly in the box,
side by side, and said to William Bankes:
"It suddenly gets cold. The sun seems to give less heat," she said,
looking about her, for it was bright enough, the grass still a soft deep
green, the house starred in its greenery with purple passion flowers, and
rooks dropping cool cries from the high blue. But something moved,
flashed, turned a silver wing in the air. It was September after all,
the middle of SepteM
mber, and past six in the evening. So off they
strolled down the garden in the usual direction, past the tennis lawn,
past the pampas grass, to that break in the thick hedge, guarded by red
hot pokers like brasiers of clear burning coal, between which the blue
waters of the bay looked bluer than ever.
They came there regularly every evening drawn by some need. It was as if
the water floated off and set sailing thoughts which had grown stagnant on
dry land, and gave to their bodies even some sort of physical reliefM
First, the pulse of colour flooded the bay with blue, and the heart
expanded with it and the body swam, only the next instant to be checked
and chilled by the prickly blackness on the ruffled waves. Then, up
behind the great black rock, almost every evening spurted irregularly, so
that one had to watch for it and it was a delight when it came, a fountain
of white water; and then, while one waited for that, one watched, on the
pale semicircular beach, wave after wave shedding again and again
smoothly, a film of moM
They both smiled, standing there. They both felt a common hilarity,
excited by the moving waves; and then by the swift cutting race of a
sailing boat, which, having sliced a curve in the bay, stopped; shivered;
let its sails drop down; and then, with a natural instinct to complete the
picture, after this swift movement, both of them looked at the dunes
far away, and instead of merriment felt come over them some
sadness--because the thing was completed partly, and partly because
distant views seem toM
outlast by a million years (Lily thought) the gazer
and to be communing already with a sky which beholds an earth entirely
Looking at the far sand hills, William Bankes thought of Ramsay: thought
of a road in Westmorland, thought of Ramsay striding along a road by
himself hung round with that solitude which seemed to be his natural air.
But this was suddenly interrupted, William Bankes remembered (and this
must refer to some actual incident), by a hen, straddling her wings out in
protection of a covey ofM
little chicks, upon which Ramsay, stopping,
pointed his stick and said "Pretty--pretty," an odd illumination in to
his heart, Bankes had thought it, which showed his simplicity, his
sympathy with humble things; but it seemed to him as if their friendship
had ceased, there, on that stretch of road. After that, Ramsay had
married. After that, what with one thing and another, the pulp had gone
out of their friendship. Whose fault it was he could not say, only, after
a time, repetition had taken the place of newness. M
It was to repeat that
they met. But in this dumb colloquy with the sand dunes he maintained
that his affection for Ramsay had in no way diminished; but there, like
the body of a young man laid up in peat for a century, with the red fresh
on his lips, was his friendship, in its acuteness and reality, laid up
across the bay among the sandhills.
He was anxious for the sake of this friendship and perhaps too in order to
clear himself in his own mind from the imputation of having dried and
shrunk--for Ramsay lived in aM
welter of children, whereas Bankes was
childless and a widower--he was anxious that Lily Briscoe should not
disparage Ramsay (a great man in his own way) yet should understand how
things stood between them. Begun long years ago, their friendship had
petered out on a Westmorland road, where the hen spread her wings before
her chicks; after which Ramsay had married, and their paths lying
different ways, there had been, certainly for no one's fault, some
tendency, when they met, to repeat.
Yes. That was it. He finisM
hed. He turned from the view. And, turning
to walk back the other way, up the drive, Mr. Bankes was alive to things
which would not have struck him had not those sandhills revealed to him
the body of his friendship lying with the red on its lips laid up in
peat--for instance, Cam, the little girl, Ramsay's youngest daughter. She
was picking Sweet Alice on the bank. She was wild and fierce. She would
not "give a flower to the gentleman" as the nursemaid told her.
No! no! no! she would not! She clenched her fist. SheM
Mr. Bankes felt aged and saddened and somehow put into the wrong by her
about his friendship. He must have dried and shrunk.
The Ramsays were not rich, and it was a wonder how they managed to
contrive it all. Eight children! To feed eight children on philosophy!
Here was another of them, Jasper this time, strolling past, to have a shot
at a bird, he said, nonchalantly, swinging Lily's hand like a pump-handle
as he passed, which caused Mr. Bankes to say, bitterly, how SHE was a
favourite. There was edM
ucation now to be considered (true, Mrs. Ramsay
had something of her own perhaps) let alone the daily wear and tear of
shoes and stockings which those "great fellows," all well grown, angular,
ruthless youngsters, must require. As for being sure which was which, or
in what order they came, that was beyond him. He called them privately
after the Kings and Queens of England; Cam the Wicked, James the Ruthless,
Andrew the Just, Prue the Fair--for Prue would have beauty, he thought,
how could she help it?--and Andrew bM
rains. While he walked up the drive
and Lily Briscoe said yes and no and capped his comments (for she was in
love with them all, in love with this world) he weighed Ramsay's case,
commiserated him, envied him, as if he had seen him divest himself of all
those glories of isolation and austerity which crowned him in youth to
cumber himself definitely with fluttering wings and clucking
domesticities. They gave him something--William Bankes acknowledged that;
it would have been pleasant if Cam had stuck a flower in hisM
clambered over his shoulder, as over her father's, to look at a picture
of Vesuvius in eruption; but they had also, his old friends could not but
feel, destroyed something. What would a stranger think now? What did
this Lily Briscoe think? Could one help noticing that habits grew on him?
eccentricities, weaknesses perhaps? It was astonishing that a man of his
intellect could stoop so low as he did--but that was too harsh a
phrase--could depend so much as he did upon people's praise.
"Oh, but," said Lily, M
"think of his work!"
Whenever she "thought of his work" she always saw clearly before her a
large kitchen table. It was Andrew's doing. She asked him what his
father's books were about. "Subject and object and the nature of
reality," Andrew had said. And when she said Heavens, she had no notion
what that meant. "Think of a kitchen table then," he told her, "when
So now she always saw, when she thought of Mr. Ramsay's work, a scrubbed
kitchen table. It lodged now in the fork of a pear tree, for M
reached the orchard. And with a painful effort of concentration, she
focused her mind, not upon the silver-bossed bark of the tree, or upon its
fish-shaped leaves, but upon a phantom kitchen table, one of those
scrubbed board tables, grained and knotted, whose virtue seems to have
been laid bare by years of muscular integrity, which stuck there, its four
legs in air. Naturally, if one's days were passed in this seeing of
angular essences, this reducing of lovely evenings, with all their
flamingo clouds andM
blue and silver to a white deal four-legged table
(and it was a mark of the finest minds to do so), naturally one could not
be judged like an ordinary person.
Mr. Bankes liked her for bidding him "think of his work." He had thought
of it, often and often. Times without number, he had said, "Ramsay is one
of those men who do their best work before they are forty." He had made a
definite contribution to philosophy in one little book when he was only
five and twenty; what came after was more or less amplification,
epetition. But the number of men who make a definite contribution to
anything whatsoever is very small, he said, pausing by the pear tree, well
brushed, scrupulously exact, exquisitely judicial. Suddenly, as if the
movement of his hand had released it, the load of her accumulated
impressions of him tilted up, and down poured in a ponderous avalanche all
she felt about him. That was one sensation. Then up rose in a fume the
essence of his being. That was another. She felt herself transfixed
by the intensity of her pM
erception; it was his severity; his goodness. I
respect you (she addressed silently him in person) in every atom; you are
not vain; you are entirely impersonal; you are finer than Mr. Ramsay; you
are the finest human being that I know; you have neither wife nor child
(without any sexual feeling, she longed to cherish that loneliness), you
live for science (involuntarily, sections of potatoes rose before her
eyes); praise would be an insult to you; generous, pure-hearted, heroic
man! But simultaneously, she rememberM
ed how he had brought a valet all
the way up here; objected to dogs on chairs; would prose for hours (until
Mr. Ramsay slammed out of the room) about salt in vegetables and the
iniquity of English cooks.
How then did it work out, all this? How did one judge people, think of
them? How did one add up this and that and conclude that it was liking
one felt or disliking? And to those words, what meaning attached, after
all? Standing now, apparently transfixed, by the pear tree, impressions
poured in upon her of those tM
wo men, and to follow her thought was like
following a voice which speaks too quickly to be taken down by one's
pencil, and the voice was her own voice saying without prompting
undeniable, everlasting, contradictory things, so that even the
fissures and humps on the bark of the pear tree were irrevocably
fixed there for eternity. You have greatness, she continued, but
Mr. Ramsay has none of it. He is petty, selfish, vain, egotistical; he is
spoilt; he is a tyrant; he wears Mrs. Ramsay to death; but he has what you
(she addressed Mr. Bankes) have not; a fiery unworldliness; he knows
nothing about trifles; he loves dogs and his children. He has eight.
Mr. Bankes has none. Did he not come down in two coats the other night
and let Mrs. Ramsay trim his hair into a pudding basin? All of this
danced up and down, like a company of gnats, each separate but all
marvellously controlled in an invisible elastic net--danced up and down in
Lily's mind, in and about the branches of the pear tree, where still hung
in effigy the scrubbed kitcM
hen table, symbol of her profound respect for
Mr. Ramsay's mind, until her thought which had spun quicker and quicker
exploded of its own intensity; she felt released; a shot went off close at
hand, and there came, flying from its fragments, frightened, effusive,
tumultuous, a flock of starlings.
"Jasper!" said Mr. Bankes. They turned the way the starlings flew, over
the terrace. Following the scatter of swift-flying birds in the sky they
stepped through the gap in the high hedge straight into Mr. Ramsay, who
ed tragically at them, "Some one had blundered!"
His eyes, glazed with emotion, defiant with tragic intensity, met theirs
for a second, and trembled on the verge of recognition; but then, raising
his hand, half-way to his face as if to avert, to brush off, in an agony
of peevish shame, their normal gaze, as if he begged them to withhold for
a moment what he knew to be inevitable, as if he impressed upon them his
own child-like resentment of interruption, yet even in the moment of
discovery was not to be routed uttM
erly, but was determined to hold fast to
something of this delicious emotion, this impure rhapsody of which he was
ashamed, but in which he revelled--he turned abruptly, slammed his private
door on them; and, Lily Briscoe and Mr. Bankes, looking uneasily up into
the sky, observed that the flock of starlings which Jasper had routed with
his gun had settled on the tops of the elm trees.
"And even if it isn't fine tomorrow," said Mrs. Ramsay, raising her eyes
to glance at William Bankes and Lily Briscoe as they M
another day. And now," she said, thinking that Lily's charm was her
Chinese eyes, aslant in her white, puckered little face, but it would take
a clever man to see it, "and now stand up, and let me measure your leg,"
for they might go to the Lighthouse after all, and she must see if the
stocking did not need to be an inch or two longer in the leg.
Smiling, for it was an admirable idea, that had flashed upon her this very
second--William and Lily should marry--she took the heather-mixture
g, with its criss-cross of steel needles at the mouth of it, and
measured it against James's leg.
"My dear, stand still," she said, for in his jealousy, not liking to serve
as measuring block for the Lighthouse keeper's little boy, James fidgeted
purposely; and if he did that, how could she see, was it too long, was it
too short? she asked.
She looked up--what demon possessed him, her youngest, her cherished?--and
saw the room, saw the chairs, thought them fearfully shabby. Their
entrails, as Andrew said the otheM
r day, were all over the floor; but then
what was the point, she asked, of buying good chairs to let them spoil up
here all through the winter when the house, with only one old woman to see
to it, positively dripped with wet? Never mind, the rent was precisely
twopence half-penny; the children loved it; it did her husband good to be
three thousand, or if she must be accurate, three hundred miles from his
libraries and his lectures and his disciples; and there was room for
visitors. Mats, camp beds, crazy ghosts of M
chairs and tables whose London
life of service was done--they did well enough here; and a photograph or
two, and books. Books, she thought, grew of themselves. She never had
time to read them. Alas! even the books that had been given her and
inscribed by the hand of the poet himself: "For her whose wishes must be
obeyed" ... "The happier Helen of our days" ... disgraceful to say, she
had never read them. And Croom on the Mind and Bates on the Savage
Customs of Polynesia ("My dear, stand still," she said)--neither oM
could one send to the Lighthouse. At a certain moment, she supposed, the
house would become so shabby that something must be done. If they could
be taught to wipe their feet and not bring the beach in with them--that
would be something. Crabs, she had to allow, if Andrew really wished to
dissect them, or if Jasper believed that one could make soup from seaweed,
one could not prevent it; or Rose's objects--shells, reeds, stones; for
they were gifted, her children, but all in quite different ways. And the
ult of it was, she sighed, taking in the whole room from floor to
ceiling, as she held the stocking against James's leg, that things got
shabbier and got shabbier summer after summer. The mat was fading; the
wall-paper was flapping. You couldn't tell any more that those were roses
on it. Still, if every door in a house is left perpetually open, and no
lockmaker in the whole of Scotland can mend a bolt, things must spoil.
What was the use of flinging a green Cashemere shawl over the edge of
a picture frame? In two wM
eeks it would be the colour of pea soup.
But it was the doors that annoyed her; every door was left open.
She listened. The drawing-room door was open; the hall door was open;
it sounded as if the bedroom doors were open; and certainly the window
on the landing was open, for that she had opened herself. That windows
should be open, and doors shut--simple as it was, could none of them
remember it? She would go into the maids' bedrooms at night and find
them sealed like ovens, except for Marie's, the Swiss girl, who
would rather go without a bath than without fresh air, but then
at home, she had said, "the mountains are so beautiful." She had said
that last night looking out of the window with tears in her eyes.
"The mountains are so beautiful." Her father was dying there,
Mrs. Ramsay knew. He was leaving them fatherless. Scolding and
demonstrating (how to make a bed, how to open a window, with hands that
shut and spread like a Frenchwoman's) all had folded itself quietly about
her, when the girl spoke, as, after a flight throM
ugh the sunshine the
wings of a bird fold themselves quietly and the blue of its plumage
changes from bright steel to soft purple. She had stood there silent for
there was nothing to be said. He had cancer of the throat. At the
recolection--how she had stood there, how the girl had said, "At home the
mountains are so beautiful," and there was no hope, no hope whatever, she
had a spasm of irritation, and speaking sharply, said to James:
"Stand still. Don't be tiresome," so that he knew instantly that her
as real, and straightened his leg and she measured it.
The stocking was too short by half an inch at least, making allowance for
the fact that Sorley's little boy would be less well grown than James.
"It's too short," she said, "ever so much too short."
Never did anybody look so sad. Bitter and black, half-way down, in the
darkness, in the shaft which ran from the sunlight to the depths, perhaps
a tear formed; a tear fell; the waters swayed this way and that, received
it, and were at rest. Never did anybody lookM
But was it nothing but looks, people said? What was there behind it--her
beauty and splendour? Had he blown his brains out, they asked, had he
died the week before they were married--some other, earlier lover, of whom
rumours reached one? Or was there nothing? nothing but an incomparable
beauty which she lived behind, and could do nothing to disturb? For
easily though she might have said at some moment of intimacy when stories
of great passion, of love foiled, of ambition thwarted came her way how
had known or felt or been through it herself, she never spoke.
She was silent always. She knew then--she knew without having learnt.
Her simplicity fathomed what clever people falsified. Her singleness of
mind made her drop plumb like a stone, alight exact as a bird, gave her,
naturally, this swoop and fall of the spirit upon truth which delighted,
eased, sustained--falsely perhaps.
("Nature has but little clay," said Mr. Bankes once, much moved by her
voice on the telephone, though she was only telling him a facM
train, "like that of which she moulded you." He saw her at the end of the
line, Greek, blue-eyed, straight-nosed. How incongruous it seemed to be
telephoning to a woman like that. The Graces assembling seemed to have
joined hands in meadows of asphodel to compose that face. Yes, he would
catch the 10:30 at Euston.
"But she's no more aware of her beauty than a child," said Mr. Bankes,
replacing the receiver and crossing the room to see what progress the
workmen were making with an hotel which they were buM
ilding at the back of
his house. And he thought of Mrs. Ramsay as he looked at that stir among
the unfinished walls. For always, he thought, there was something
incongruous to be worked into the harmony of her face. She clapped a
deer-stalker's hat on her head; she ran across the lawn in galoshes to
snatch a child from mischief. So that if it was her beauty merely that
one thought of, one must remember the quivering thing, the living thing
(they were carrying bricks up a little plank as he watched them), and work
t into the picture; or if one thought of her simply as a woman, one must
endow her with some freak of idiosyncrasy--she did not like admiration--or
suppose some latent desire to doff her royalty of form as if her beauty
bored her and all that men say of beauty, and she wanted only to be like
other people, insignificant. He did not know. He did not know. He must
Knitting her reddish-brown hairy stocking, with her head outlined absurdly
by the gilt frame, the green shawl which she had tossed over thM
the frame, and the authenticated masterpiece by Michael Angelo,
Mrs. Ramsay smoothed out what had been harsh in her manner a moment
before, raised his head, and kissed her little boy on the forehead.
"Let us find another picture to cut out," she said.
But what had happened?
Some one had blundered.
Starting from her musing she gave meaning to words which she had held
meaningless in her mind for a long stretch of time. "Some one had
blundered"--Fixing her short-sighted eyes upon her husband, who wasM
bearing down upon her, she gazed steadily until his closeness revealed to
her (the jingle mated itself in her head) that something had happened,
some one had blundered. But she could not for the life of her think what.
He shivered; he quivered. All his vanity, all his satisfaction in his own
splendour, riding fell as a thunderbolt, fierce as a hawk at the head of
his men through the valley of death, had been shattered, destroyed.
Stormed at by shot and shell, boldly we rode and well, flashed through the
y of death, volleyed and thundered--straight into Lily Briscoe and
William Bankes. He quivered; he shivered.
Not for the world would she have spoken to him, realising, from the
familiar signs, his eyes averted, and some curious gathering together
of his person, as if he wrapped himself about and needed privacy into
which to regain his equilibrium, that he was outraged and anguished. She
stroked James's head; she transferred to him what she felt for her
husband, and, as she watched him chalk yellow the white dress M
gentleman in the Army and Navy Stores catalogue, thought what a delight it
would be to her should he turn out a great artist; and why should he not?
He had a splendid forehead. Then, looking up, as her husband passed her
once more, she was relieved to find that the ruin was veiled; domesticity
triumphed; custom crooned its soothing rhythm, so that when stopping
deliberately, as his turn came round again, at the window he bent
quizzically and whimsically to tickle James's bare calf with a sprig of
ng, she twitted him for having dispatched "that poor young man,"
Charles Tansley. Tansley had had to go in and write his dissertation,
"James will have to write HIS dissertation one of these days," he added
ironically, flicking his sprig.
Hating his father, James brushed away the tickling spray with which in a
manner peculiar to him, compound of severity and humour, he teased his
youngest son's bare leg.
She was trying to get these tiresome stockings finished to send to
Sorley's little boy tomorrow, saiM
There wasn't the slightest possible chance that they could go to the
Lighthouse tomorrow, Mr. Ramsay snapped out irascibly.
How did he know? she asked. The wind often changed.
The extraordinary irrationality of her remark, the folly of women's minds
enraged him. He had ridden through the valley of death, been shattered
and shivered; and now, she flew in the face of facts, made his children
hope what was utterly out of the question, in effect, told lies. He
stamped his foot on the stone step. "DamnM
you," he said. But what had she
said? Simply that it might be fine tomorrow. So it might.
Not with the barometer falling and the wind due west.
To pursue truth with such astonishing lack of consideration for other
people's feelings, to rendthe thin veils of civilization so wantonly, so
brutally, was to her so horrible an outrage of human decency that, without
replying, dazed and blinded, she bent her head as if to let the pelt of
jagged hail, the drench of dirty water, bespatter her unrebuked. There
He stood by her in silence. Very humbly, at length, he said that he would
step over and ask the Coastguards if she liked.
There was nobody whom she reverenced as she reverenced him.
She was quite ready to take his word for it, she said. Only then they
need not cut sandwiches--that was all. They came to her, naturally, since
she was a woman, all day long with this and that; one wanting this,
another that; the children were growing up; she often felt she was nothing
but a sponge sopped full of human emM
otions. Then he said, Damn you. He
said, It must rain. He said, It won't rain; and instantly a Heaven of
security opened before her. There was nobody she reverenced more. She
was not good enough to tie his shoe strings, she felt.
Already ashamed of that petulance, of that gesticulation of the hands when
charging at the head of his troops, Mr. Ramsay rather sheepishly prodded
his son's bare legs once more, and then, as if he had her leave for it,
with a movement which oddly reminded his wife of the great sea lion aM
Zoo tumbling backwards after swallowing his fish and walloping off so that
the water in the tank washes from side to side, he dived into the evening
air which, already thinner, was taking the substance from leaves and
hedges but, as if in return, restoring to roses and pinks a lustre which
they had not had by day.
"Some one had blundered," he said again, striding off, up and down the
But how extraordinarily his note had changed! It was like the cuckoo;
"in June he gets out of tune"; as if he were tM
rying over, tentatively
seeking, some phrase for a new mood, and having only this at hand, used
it, cracked though it was. But it sounded ridiculous--"Some one had
blundered"--said like that, almost as a question, without any conviction,
melodiously. Mrs. Ramsay could not help smiling, and soon, sure enough,
walking up and down, he hummed it, dropped it, fell silent.
He was safe, he was restored to his privacy. He stopped to light his
pipe, looked once at his wife and son in the window, and as one raises
s from a page in an express train and sees a farm, a tree, a
cluster of cottages as an illustration, a confirmation of something on the
printed page to which one returns, fortified, and satisfied, so without
his distinguishing either his son or his wife, the sight of them fortified
him and satisfied him and consecrated his effort to arrive at a perfectly
clear understanding of the problem which now engaged the energies of his
It was a splendid mind. For if thought is like the keyboard of a piano,
vided into so many notes, or like the alphabet is ranged in twenty-six
letters all in order, then his splendid mind had no sort of difficulty
in running over those letters one by one, firmly and accurately, until
it had reached, say, the letter Q. He reached Q. Very few people in
the whole of England ever reach Q. Here, stopping for one moment
by the stone urn which held the geraniums, he saw, but now far, far
away, like children picking up shells, divinely innocent and occupied with
little trifles at their feet anM
d somehow entirely defenceless against a
doom which he perceived, his wife and son, together, in the window. They
needed his protection; he gave it them. But after Q? What comes next?
After Q there are a number of letters the last of which is scarcely
visible to mortal eyes, but glimmers red in the distance. Z is only
reached once by one man in a generation. Still, if he could reach R it
would be something. Here at least was Q. He dug his heels in at Q. Q he
was sure of. Q he could demonstrate. If Q then is Q--R--.M
knocked his pipe out, with two or three resonant taps on the handle of the
urn, and proceeded. "Then R ..." He braced himself. He clenched
Qualities that would have saved a ship's company exposed on a broiling
sea with six biscuits and a flask of water--endurance and justice,
foresight, devotion, skill, came to his help. R is then--what is R?
A shutter, like the leathern eyelid of a lizard, flickered over the
intensity of his gaze and obscured the letter R. In that flash of
darkness he heard peoM
ple saying--he was a failure--that R was beyond him.
He would never reach R. On to R, once more. R--
Qualities that in a desolate expedition across the icy solitudes of the
Polar region would have made him the leader, the guide, the counsellor,
whose temper, neither sanguine nor despondent, surveys with equanimity
what is to be and faces it, came to his help again. R--
The lizard's eye flickered once more. The veins on his forehead bulged.
The geranium in the urn became startlingly visible and, displayed among
s leaves, he could see, without wishing it, that old, that obvious
distinction between the two classes of men; on the one hand the steady
goers of superhuman strength who, plodding and persevering, repeat the
whole alphabet in order, twenty-six letters in all, from start to finish;
on the other the gifted, the inspired who, miraculously, lump all the
letters together in one flash--the way of genius. He had not genius; he
laid no claim to that: but he had, or might have had, the power to repeat
every letter of the aM
lphabet from A to Z accurately in order. Meanwhile,
he stuck at Q. On, then, on to R.
Feelings that would not have disgraced a leader who, now that the snow has
begun to fall and the mountain top is covered in mist, knows that he must
lay himself down and die before morning comes, stole upon him, paling the
colour of his eyes, giving him, even in the two minutes of his turn on
the terrace, the bleached look of withered old age. Yet he would not die
lying down; he would find some crag of rock, and there, his eyes fM
on the storm, trying to the end to pierce the darkness, he would die
standing. He would never reach R.
He stood stock-still, by the urn, with the geranium flowing over it. How
many men in a thousand million, he asked himself, reach Z after all?
Surely the leader of a forlorn hope may ask himself that, and answer,
without treachery to the expedition behind him, "One perhaps." One in a
generation. Is he to be blamed then if he is not that one? provided he
has toiled honestly, given to the best of his power, andM
more left to give? And his fame lasts how long? It is permissible even
for a dying hero to think before he dies how men will speak of him
hereafter. His fame lasts perhaps two thousand years. And what are two
thousand years? (asked Mr. Ramsay ironically, staring at the hedge).
What, indeed, if you look from a mountain top down the long wastes of the
ages? The very stone one kicks with one's boot will outlast Shakespeare.
His own little light would shine, not very brightly, for a year or two,
ld then be merged in some bigger light, and that in a bigger still.
(He looked into the hedge, into the intricacy of the twigs.) Who then
could blame the leader of that forlorn party which after all has climbed
high enough to see the waste of the years and the perishing of the stars,
if before death stiffens his limbs beyond the power of movement he does a
little consciously raise his numbed fingers to his brow, and square his
shoulders, so that when the search party comes they will find him dead at
ine figure of a soldier? Mr. Ramsay squared his shoulders
and stood very upright by the urn.
Who shall blame him, if, so standing for a moment he dwells upon fame,
upon search parties, upon cairns raised by grateful followers over his
bones? Finally, who shall blame the leader of the doomed expedition, if,
having adventured to the uttermost, and used his strength wholly to the
last ounce and fallen asleep not much caring if he wakes or not, he now
perceives by some pricking in his toes that he lives, and does not M
whole object to live, but requires sympathy, and whisky, and some one to
tell the story of his suffering to at once? Who shall blame him? Who
will not secretly rejoice when the hero puts his armour off, and halts by
the window and gazes at his wife and son, who, very distant at first,
gradually come closer and closer, till lips and book and head are clearly
before him, though still lovely and unfamiliar from the intensity of his
isolation and the waste of ages and the perishing of the stars, and
ing his pipe in his pocket and bending his magnificent head
before her--who will blame him if he does homage to the beauty of the
But his son hated him. He hated him for coming up to them, for stopping
and looking down on them; he hated him for interrupting them; he hated him
for the exaltation and sublimity of his gestures; for the magnificence of
his head; for his exactingness and egotism (for there he stood, commanding
them to attend to him) but most of all he hated the twang and twitter of
er's emotion which, vibrating round them, disturbed the perfect
simplicity and good sense of his relations with his mother. By looking
fixedly at the page, he hoped to make him move on; by pointing his finger
at a word, he hoped to recall his mother's attention, which, he knew
angrily, wavered instantly his father stopped. But, no. Nothing would
make Mr. Ramsay move on. There he stood, demanding sympathy.
Mrs. Ramsay, who had been sitting loosely, folding her son in her arm,
braced herself, and, half turning, seemM
ed to raise herself with an effort,
and at once to pour erect into the air a rain of energy, a column of
spray, looking at the same time animated and alive as if all her energies
were being fused into force, burning and illuminating (quietly though she
sat, taking up her stocking again), and into this delicious fecundity,
this fountain and spray of life, the fatal sterility of the male plunged
itself, like a beak of brass, barren and bare. He wanted sympathy. He
was a failure, he said. Mrs. Ramsay flashed her needlM
repeated, never taking his eyes from her face, that he was a failure.
She blew the words back at him. "Charles Tansley..." she said. But he
must have more than that. It was sympathy he wanted, to be assured of his
genius, first of all, and then to be taken within the circle of life,
warmed and soothed, to have his senses restored to him, his barrenness
made furtile, and all the rooms of the house made full of life--the
drawing-room; behind the drawing-room the kitchen; above the kitchen the
and beyond them the nurseries; they must be furnished, they must
be filled with life.
Charles Tansley thought him the greatest metaphysician of the time, she
said. But he must have more than that. He must have sympathy. He must
be assured that he too lived in the heart of life; was needed; not only
here, but all over the world. Flashing her needles, confident, upright,
she created drawing-room and kitchen, set them all aglow; bade him take
his ease there, go in and out, enjoy himself. She laughed, she knitted.
anding between her knees, very stiff, James felt all her strength
flaring up to be drunk and quenched by the beak of brass, the arid
scimitar of the male, which smote mercilessly, again and again,
He was a failure, he repeated. Well, look then, feel then. Flashing her
needles, glancing round about her, out of the window, into the room, at
James himself, she assured him, beyond a shadow of a doubt, by her laugh,
her poise, her competence (as a nurse carrying a light across a dark room
fractious child), that it was real; the house was full; the
garden blowing. If he put implicit faith in her, nothing should hurt him;
however deep he buried himself or climed high, not for a second should he
find himself without her. So boasting of her capacity to surround and
protect, there was scarcely a shell of herself left for her to know
herself by; all was so lavished and spent; and James, as he stood stiff
between her knees, felt her rise in a rosy-flowered fruit tree laid with
leaves and dancing boughs intM
o which the beak of brass, the arid scimitar
of his father, the egotistical man, plunged and smote, demanding sympathy.
Filled with her words, like a child who drops off satisfied, he said, at
last, looking at her with humble gratitude, restored, renewed, that he
would take a turn; he would watch the children playing cricket. He went.
Immediately, Mrs. Ramsey seemed to fold herself together, one petal closed
in another, and the whole fabric fell in exhaustion upon itself, so that
she had only strength enough to mM
ove her finger, in exquisite abandonment
to exhaustion, across the page of Grimm's fairy story, while there
throbbed through her, like a pulse in a spring which has expanded to its
full width and now gently ceases to beat, the rapture of successful
Every throb of this pulse seemed, as he walked away, to enclose her and
her husband, and to give to each that solace which two different notes,
one high, one low, struck together, seem to give each other as they
combine. Yet as the resonance died, and she turnM
ed to the Fairy Tale
again, Mrs. Ramsey felt not only exhausted in body (afterwards, not at the
time, she always felt this) but also there tinged her physical fatigue
some faintly disagreeable sensation with another origin. Not that, as
she read aloud the story of the Fisherman's Wife, she knew precisely what
it came from; nor did she let herself put into words her dissatisfaction
when she realized, at the turn of the page when she stopped and heard
dully, ominously, a wave fall, how it came from this: she did not M
even for a second, to feel finer than her husband; and further, could not
bear not being entirely sure, when she spoke to him, of the truth of what
she said. Universities and people wanting him, lectures and books and
their being of the highest importance--all that she did not doubt for a
moment; but it was their relation, and his coming to her like that,
openly, so that any one could see, that discomposed her; for then people
said he depended on her, when they must know that of the two he was
more important, and what she gave the world, in comparison
with what he gave, negligable. But then again, it was the other thing
too--not being able to tell him the truth, being afraid, for instance,
about the greenhouse roof and the expense it would be, fifty pounds
perhaps to mend it; and then about his books, to be afraid that he might
guess, what she a little suspected, that his last book was not quite his
best book (she gathered that from William Bankes); and then to hide small
daily things, and the children sM
eeing it, and the burden it laid on
them--all this diminished the entire joy, the pure joy, of the two notes
sounding together, and let the sound die on her ear now with a dismal
A shadow was on the page; she looked up. It was Augustus Carmichael
shuffling past, precisely now, at the very moment when it was painful to
be reminded of the inadequacy of human relationships, that the most
perfect was flawed, and could not bear the examination which, loving her
husband, with her instinct for truth, she turnedM
upon it; when it was
painful to feel herself convicted of unworthiness, and impeded in her
proper function by these lies, these exaggerations,--it was at this
moment when she was fretted thus ignobly in the wake of her exaltation,
that Mr. Carmichael shuffled past, in his yellow slippers, and some demon
in her made it necessary for her to call out, as he passed,
"Going indoors Mr. Carmichael?"
He said nothing. He took opium. The children said he had stained his
beard yellow with it. Perhaps. What was obviouM
s to her was that the poor
man was unhappy, came to them every year as an escape; and yet every year
she felt the same thing; he did not trust her. She said, "I am going to
the town. Shall I get you stamps, paper, tobacco?" and she felt him
wince. He did not trust her. It was his wife's doing. She remembered
that iniquity of his wife's towards him, which had made her turn to steel
and adamant there, in the horrible little room in St John's Wood, when
with her own eyes she had seen that odious woman turn him out of M
house. He was unkempt; he dropped things on his coat; he had the
tiresomeness of an old man with nothing in the world to do; and she turned
him out of the room. She said, in her odious way, "Now, Mrs. Ramsay and I
want to have a little talk together," and Mrs. Ramsay could see, as if
before her eyes, the innumerable miseries of his life. Had he money
enough to buy tobacco? Did he have to ask her for it? half a crown?
eighteenpence? Oh, she could not bear to think of the little indignities
she made him suffer. AM
nd always now (why, she could not guess, except
that it came probably from that woman somehow) he shrank from her. He
never told her anything. But what more could she have done? There was a
sunny room given up to him. The children were good to him. Never did she
show a sign of not wanting him. She went out of her way indeed to be
friendly. Do you want stamps, do you want tobacco? Here's a book you
might like and so on. And after all--after all (here insensibly she drew
herself together, physically, the sense of herM
own beauty becoming, as it
did so seldom, present to her) after all, she had not generally any
difficulty in making people like her; for instance, George Manning; Mr.
Wallace; famous as they were, they would come to her of an evening,
quietly, and talk alone over her fire. She bore about with her, she could
not help knowing it, the torch of her beauty; she carried it erect into
any room that she entered; and after all, veil it as she might, and shrink
from the monotony of bearing that it imposed on her, her beautyM
apparent. She had been admired. She had been loved. She had entered
rooms where mourners sat. Tears had flown in her presence. Men, and
women too, letting go to the multiplicity of things, had allowed
themselves with her the relief of simplicity. It injured her that he
should shrink. It hurt her. And yet not cleanly, not rightly. That was
what she minded, coming as it did on top of her discontent with her
husband; the sense she had now when Mr. Carmichael shuffled past, just
nodding to her question, with a booM
k beneath his arm, in his yellow
slippers, that she was suspected; and that all this desire of hers to
give, to help, was vanity. For her own self-satisfaction was it that she
wished so instinctively to help, to give, that people might say of her,
"O Mrs. Ramsay! dear Mrs. Ramsay ... Mrs. Ramsay, of course!" and need her
and send for her and admire her? Was it not secretly this that she
wanted, and therefore when Mr. Carmichael shrank away from her, as he did
at this moment, making off to some corner where he did aM
endlessly, she did not feel merely snubbed back in her instinct, but made
aware of the pettiness of some part of her, and of human relations, how
flawed they are, how despicable, how self-seeking, at their best. Shabby
and worn out, and not presumably (her cheeks were hollow, her hair was
white) any longer a sight that filled the eyes with joy, she had better
devote her mind to the story of the Fisherman and his Wife and so pacify
that bundle of sensitiveness (none of her children was as sensitive as he
"The man's heart grew heavy," she read aloud, "and he would not go. He
said to himself, 'It is not right,' and yet he went. And when he came to
the sea the water was quite purple and dark blue, and grey and thick, and
no longer so green and yellow, but it was still quiet. And he stood there
Mrs. Ramsay could have wished that her husband had not chosen that moment
to stop. Why had he not gone as he said to watch the children playing
cricket? But he did not speak; he looked; he noddedM
; he approved; he went
on. He slipped, seeing before him that hedge which had over and over
again rounded some pause, signified some conclusion, seeing his wife and
child, seeing again the urns with the trailing of red geraniums which had
so often decorated processes of thought, and bore, written up among their
leaves, as if they were scraps of paper on which one scribbles notes in
the rush of reading--he slipped, seeing all this, smoothly into
speculation suggested by an article in THE TIMES about the number of
ericans who visit Shakespeare's house every year. If Shakespeare
had never existed, he asked, would the world have differed much from what
it is today? Does the progress of civilization depend upon great men? Is
the lot of the average human being better now than in the time of the
Pharaohs? Is the lot of the average human being, however, he asked
himself, the criterion by which we judge the measure of civilization?
Possibly not. Possibly the greatest good requires the existence of a
slave class. The liftman in the M
Tube is an eternal necessity. The
thought was distasteful to him. He tossed his head. To avoid it, he
would find some way of snubbing the predominance of the arts. He would
argue that the world exists for the average human being; that the arts are
merely a decoration imposed on the top of human life; they do not express
it. Nor is Shakespeare necessary to it. Not knowing precisely why it was
that he wanted to disparage Shakespeare and come to the rescue of the man
who stands eternally in the door of the lift, he piM
from the hedge. All this would have to be dished up for the young men at
Cardiff next month, he thought; here, on his terrace, he was merely
foraging and picnicking (he threw away the leaf that he had picked so
peevishly) like a man who reaches from his horse to pick a bunch of roses,
or stuffs his pockets with nuts as he ambles at his ease through the lanes
and fields of a country known to him from boyhood. It was all familiar;
this turning, that stile, that cut across the fields. Hours he woulM
spend thus, with his pipe, of an evening, thinking up and down and in and
out of the old familiar lanes and commons, which were all stuck about with
the history of that campaign there, the life of this statesman here, with
poems and with anecdotes, with figures too, this thinker, that soldier;
all very brisk and clear; but at length the lane, the field, the common,
the fruitful nut-tree and the flowering hedge led him on to that further
turn of the road where he dismounted always, tied his horse to a tree,
oceeded on foot alone. He reached the edge of the lawn and looked
out on the bay beneath.
It was his fate, his peculiarity, whether he wished it or not, to come out
thus on a spit of land which the sea is slowly eating away, and there to
stand, like a desolate sea-bird, alone. It was his power, his gift,
suddenly to shed all superfluities, to shrink and diminish so that he
looked barer and felt sparer, even physically, yet lost none of his
intensity of mind, and so to stand on his little ledge facing the dark of
uman ignorance, how we know nothing and the sea eats away the ground we
stand on--that was his fate, his gift. But having thrown away, when he
dismounted, all gestures and fripperies, all trophies of nuts and roses,
and shrunk so that not only fame but even his own name was forgotten
by him, kept even in that desolation a vigilance which spared no
phantom and luxuriated in no vision, and it was in this guise that
he inspired in William Bankes (intermittently) and in Charles Tansley
(obsequiously)and in his wife nowM
, when she looked up and saw him
standing at the edge of the lawn, profoundly, reverence, and pity, and
gratitude too, as a stake driven into the bed of a channel upon which the
gulls perch and the waves beat inspires in merry boat-loads a feeling of
gratitude for the duty it is taking upon itself of marking the channel out
there in the floods alone.
"But the father of eight children has no choice." Muttering half aloud,
so he broke off, turned, sighed, raised his eyes, sought the figure of his
wife reading storieM
s to his little boy, filled his pipe. He turned from
the sight of human ignorance and human fate and the sea eating the ground
we stand on, which, had he been able to contemplate it fixedly might have
led to something; and found consolation in trifles so slight compared with
the august theme just now before him that he was disposed to slur that
comfort over, to deprecate it, as if to be caught happy in a world of
misery was for an honest man the most despicable of crimes. It was true;
he was for the most part happyM
; he had his wife; he had his children; he
had promised in six weeks' time to talk "some nonsense" to the young men
of Cardiff about Locke, Hume, Berkeley, and the causes of the French
Revolution. But this and his pleasure in it, his glory in the phrases he
made, in the ardour of youth, in his wife's beauty, in the tributes that
reached him from Swansea, Cardiff, Exeter, Southampton, Kidderminster,
Oxford, Cambridge--all had to be deprecated and concealed under the phrase
"talking nonsense," because, in effect, he M
had not done the thing he might
have done. It was a disguise; it was the refuge of a man afraid to own
his own feelings, who could not say, This is what I like--this is what I
am; and rather pitiable and distasteful to William Bankes and Lily Briscoe,
who wondered why such concealments should be necessary; why he needed
always praise; why so brave a man in thought should be so timid in life;
how strangely he was venerable and laughable at one and the same time.
Teaching and preaching is beyond human power, Lily suM
putting away her things.) If you are exalted you must somehow come a
cropper. Mrs. Ramsay gave him what he asked too easily. Then the change
must be so upsetting, Lily said. He comes in from his books and finds us
all playing games and talking nonsense. Imagine what a change from the
things he thinks about, she said.
He was bearing down upon them. Now he stopped dead and stood looking in
silence at the sea. Now he had turned away again.
Yes, Mr. Bankes said, watching him go. It was a thousaM
had said something about his frightening her--he changed from one mood to
another so suddenly.) Yes, said Mr. Bankes, it was a thousand pities that
Ramsay could not behave a little more like other people. (For he liked
Lily Briscoe; he could discuss Ramsay with her quite openly.) It was for
that reason, he said, that the young don't read Carlyle. A crusty old
grumbler who lost his temper if the porridge was cold, why should he
preach to us? was what Mr. Bankes understood that young people said
days. It was a thousand pities if you thought, as he did, that
Carlyle was one of the great teachers of mankind. Lily was ashamed to say
that she had not read Carlyle since she was at school. But in her opinion
one liked Mr. Ramsay all the better for thinking that if his little finger
ached the whole world must come to an end. It was not THAT she minded.
For who could be deceived by him? He asked you quite openly to flatter
him, to admire him, his little dodges deceived nobody. What she disliked
was his narrowness,M
his blindness, she said, looking after him.
"A bit of a hypocrite?" Mr. Bankes suggested, looking too at Mr. Ramsay's
back, for was he not thinking of his friendship, and of Cam refusing to
give him a flower, and of all those boys and girls, and his own house,
full of comfort, but, since his wife's death, quiet rather? Of course,
he had his work... All the same, he rather wished Lily to agree that
Ramsay was, as he said, "a bit of a hypocrite."
Lily Briscoe went on putting away her brushes, looking up, looking dM
Looking up, there he was--Mr. Ramsay--advancing towards them, swinging,
careless, oblivious, remote. A bit of a hypocrite? she repeated. Oh,
no--the most sincere of men, the truest (here he was), the best; but,
looking down, she thought, he is absorbed in himself, he is tyrannical,
he is unjust; and kept looking down, purposely, for only so could she keep
steady, staying with the Ramsays. Directly one looked up and saw them,
what she called "being in love" flooded them. They became part of that
trating and exciting universe which is the world seen
through the eyes of love. The sky stuck to them; the birds sang through
them. And, what was even more exciting, she felt, too, as she saw Mr.
Ramsay bearing down and retreating, and Mrs. Ramsay sitting with James in
the window and the cloud moving and the tree bending, how life, from being
made up of little separate incidents which one lived one by one, became
curled and whole like a wave which bore one up and threw one down with
it, there, with a dash on the beM
Mr. Bankes expected her to answer. And she was about to say something
criticizing Mrs. Ramsay, how she was alarming, too, in her way,
high-handed, or words to that effect, when Mr. Bankes made it entirely
unnecessary for her to speak by his rapture. For such it was considering
his age, turned sixty, and his cleanliness and his impersonality, and the
white scientific coat which seemed to clothe him. For him to gaze as Lily
saw him gazing at Mrs. Ramsay was a rapture, equivalent, Lily felt, to the
ns of young men (and perhaps Mrs. Ramsay had never excited the
loves of dozens of young men). It was love, she thought, pretending to
move her canvas, distilled and filtered; love that never attempted to
clutch its object; but, like the love which mathematicians bear their
symbols, or poets their phrases, was meant to be spread over the world and
become part of the human gain. So it was indeed. The world by all means
should have shared it, could Mr. Bankes have said why that woman pleased
him so; why the sight of hM
er reading a fairy tale to her boy had upon him
precisely the same effect as the solution of a scientific problem, so that
he rested in contemplation of it, and felt, as he felt when he had proved
something absolute about the digestive system of plants, that barbarity
was tamed, the reign of chaos subdued.
Such a rapture--for by what other name could one call it?--made Lily
Briscoe forget entirely what she had been about to say. It was nothing of
importance; something about Mrs. Ramsay. It paled beside this "raptuM
this silent stare, for which she felt intense gratitude; for nothing so
solaced her, eased her of the perplexity of life, and miraculously raised
its burdens, as this sublime power, this heavenly gift, and one would no
more disturb it, while it lasted, than break up the shaft of sunlight,
lying level across the floor.
That people should love like this, that Mr. Bankes should feel this for
Mrs. Ramsey (she glanced at him musing) was helpful, was exalting. She
wiped one brush after another upon a piece of old rM
purpose. She took shelter from the reverence which covered all women; she
felt herself praised. Let him gaze; she would steal a look at her
She could have wept. It was bad, it was bad, it was infinitely bad! She
could have done it differently of course; the colour could have been
thinned and faded; the shapes etherealised; that was how Paunceforte would
have seen it. But then she did not see it like that. She saw the colour
burning on a framework of steel; the light of a butterfly's wing M
upon the arches of a cathedral. Of all that only a few random marks
scrawled upon the canvas remained. And it would never be seen; never be
hung even, and there was Mr. Tansley whispering in her ear, "Women can't
paint, women can't write ..."
She now remembered what she had been going to say about Mrs. Ramsay. She
did not know how she would have put it; but it would have been something
critical. She had been annoyed the other night by some highhandedness.
Looking along the level of Mr. Bankes's glance at herM
, she thought that no
woman could worship another woman in the way he worshipped; they could
only seek shelter under the shade which Mr. Bankes extended over them both.
Looking along his beam she added to it her different ray, thinking that
she was unquestionably the loveliest of people (bowed over her book); the
best perhaps; but also, different too from the perfect shape which one saw
there. But why different, and how different? she asked herself, scraping
her palette of all those mounds of blue and green which sM
clods with no life in them now, yet she vowed, she would inspire them,
force them to move, flow, do her bidding tomorrow. How did she differ?
What was the spirit in her, the essential thing, by which, had you found a
crumpled glove in the corner of a sofa, you would have known it, from its
twisted finger, hers indisputably? She was like a bird for speed, an
arrow for directness. She was willful; she was commanding (of course,
Lily reminded herself, I am thinking of her relations with women, and I M
much younger, an insignificant person, living off the Brompton Road). She
opened bedroom windows. She shut doors. (So she tried to start the tune
of Mrs. Ramsay in her head.) Arriving late at night, with a light tap on
one's bedroom door, wrapped in an old fur coat (for the setting of her
beauty was always that--hasty, but apt), she would enact again whatever it
might be--Charles Tansley losing his umbrella; Mr. Carmichael snuffling and
sniffing; Mr. Bankes saying, "The vegetable salts are lost." All this she
uld adroitly shape; even maliciously twist; and, moving over to the
window, in pretence that she must go,--it was dawn, she could see the sun
rising,--half turn back, more intimately, but still always laughing,
insist that she must, Minta must, they all must marry, since in the whole
world whatever laurels might be tossed to her (but Mrs. Ramsay cared not a
fig for her painting), or triumphs won by her (probably Mrs. Ramsay had
had her share of those), and here she saddened, darkened, and came back to
ere could be no disputing this: an unmarried woman (she
lightly took her hand for a moment), an unmarried woman has missed the
best of life. The house seemed full of children sleeping and Mrs. Ramsay
listening; shaded lights and regular breathing.
Oh, but, Lily would say, there was her father; her home; even, had she
dared to say it, her painting. But all this seemed so little, so
virginal, against the other. Yet, as the night wore on, and white lights
parted the curtains, and even now and then some bird chirped iM
garden, gathering a desperate courage she would urge her own exemption
from the universal law; plead for it; she liked to be alone; she liked to
be herself; she was not made for that; and so have to meet a serious stare
from eyes of unparalleled depth, and confront Mrs. Ramsay's simple
certainty (and she was childlike now) that her dear Lily, her little
Brisk, was a fool. Then, she remembered, she had laid her head on Mrs.
Ramsay's lap and laughed and laughed and laughed, laughed almost
hysterically at the thM
ought of Mrs. Ramsay presiding with immutable calm
over destinies which she completely failed to understand. There she sat,
simple, serious. She had recovered her sense of her now--this was the
glove's twisted finger. But into what sanctuary had one penetrated?
Lily Briscoe had looked up at last, and there was Mrs. Ramsay, unwitting
entirely what had caused her laughter, still presiding, but now with every
trace of wilfulness abolished, and in its stead, something clear as the
space which the clouds at last uncoverM
--the little space of sky which
sleeps beside the moon.
Was it wisdom? Was it knowledge? Was it, once more, the deceptiveness of
beauty, so that all one's perceptions, half way to truth, were tangled in
a golden mesh? or did she lock up within her some secret which certainly
Lily Briscoe believed people must have for the world to go on at all?
Every one could not be as helter skelter, hand to mouth as she was. But
if they knew, could they tell one what they knew? Sitting on the floor
with her arms round Mrs. RamsaM
y's knees, close as she could get, smiling
to think that Mrs. Ramsay would never know the reason of that pressure, she
imagined how in the chambers of the mind and heart of the woman who was,
physically, touching her, were stood, like the treasures in the tombs of
kings, tablets bearing sacred inscriptions, which if one could spell them
out, would teach one everything, but they would never be offered openly,
never made public. What art was there, known to love or cunning, by which
one pressed through into those secM
ret chambers? What device for becoming,
like waters poured into one jar, inextricably the same, one with the
object one adored? Could the body achieve, or the mind, subtly mingling
in the intricate passages of the brain? or the heart? Could loving,
as people called it, make her and Mrs. Ramsay one? for it was not knowledge
but unity that she desired, not inscriptions on tablets, nothing that
could be written in any language known to men, but intimacy itself, which
is knowledge, she had thought, leaning her head on M
Nothing happened. Nothing! Nothing! as she leant her head against
Mrs. Ramsay's knee. And yet, she knew knowledge and wisdom were stored up
in Mrs. Ramsay's heart. How, then, she had asked herself, did one know one
thing or another thing about people, sealed as they were? Only like a
bee, drawn by some sweetness or sharpness in the air intangible to touch
or taste, one haunted the dome-shaped hive, ranged the wastes of the air
over the countries of the world alone, and then haunted the hives wiM
their murmurs and their stirrings; the hives, which were people.
Mrs. Ramsay rose. Lily rose. Mrs. Ramsay went. For days there hung about
her, as after a dream some subtle change is felt in the person one has
dreamt of, more vividly than anything she said, the sound of murmuring
and, as she sat in the wicker arm-chair in the drawing-room window she
wore, to Lily's eyes, an august shape; the shape of a dome.
This ray passed level with Mr. Bankes's ray straight to Mrs. Ramsay sitting
reading there with James at hM
er knee. But now while she still looked,
Mr. Bankes had done. He had put on his spectacles. He had stepped back.
He had raised his hand. He had slightly narrowed his clear blue eyes,
when Lily, rousing herself, saw what he was at, and winced like a dog who
sees a hand raised to strike it. She would have snatched her picture off
the easel, but she said to herself, One must. She braced herself to stand
the awful trial of some one looking at her picture. One must, she said,
one must. And if it must be seen, Mr. BankesM
was less alarming than
another. But that any other eyes should see the residue of her
thirty-three years, the deposit of each day's living mixed with something
more secret than she had ever spoken or shown in the course of all those
days was an agony. At the same time it was immensely exciting.
Nothing could be cooler and quieter. Taking out a pen-knife, Mr. Bankes
tapped the canvas with the bone handle. What did she wish to indicate by
the triangular purple shape, "just there"? he asked.
It was Mrs. Ramsay readM
ing to James, she said. She knew his objection--
that no one could tell it for a human shape. But she had made no attempt
at likeness, she said. For what reason had she introduced them then? he
asked. Why indeed?--except that if there, in that corner, it was bright,
here, in this, she felt the need of darkness. Simple, obvious,
commonplace, as it was, Mr. Bankes was interested. Mother and child
then--objects of universal veneration, and in this case the mother was
famous for her beauty--might be reduced, he pondereM
d, to a purple shadow
without irreverence.
But the picture was not of them, she said. Or, not in his sense. There
were other senses too in which one might reverence them. By a shadow here
and a light there, for instance. Her tribute took that form if, as she
vaguely supposed, a picture must be a tribute. A mother and child might
be reduced to a shadow without irreverence. A light here required a
shadow there. He considered. He was interested. He took it
scientifically in complete good faith. The truth was that allM
prejudices were on the other side, he explained. The largest picture in
his drawing-room, which painters had praised, and valued at a higher price
than he had given for it, was of the cherry trees in blossom on the banks
of the Kennet. He had spent his honeymoon on the banks of the Kennet, he
said. Lily must come and see that picture, he said. But now--he turned,
with his glasses raised to the scientific examination of her canvas. The
question being one of the relations of masses, of lights and shadows,
to be honest, he had never considered before, he would like to have
it explained--what then did she wish to make of it? And he indicated the
scene before them. She looked. She could not show him what she wished to
make of it, could not see it even herself, without a brush in her hand.
She took up once more her old painting position with the dim eyes and the
absent-minded manner, subduing all her impressions as a woman to something
much more general; becoming once more under the power of that vision which
een clearly once and must now grope for among hedges and houses
and mothers and children--her picture. It was a question, she remembered,
how to connect this mass on the right hand with that on the left. She
might do it by bringing the line of the branch across so; or break the
vacancy in the foreground by an object (James perhaps) so. But the danger
was that by doing that the unity of the whole might be broken. She
stopped; she did not want to bore him; she took the canvas lightly off the
een; it had been taken from her. This man had shared
with her something profoundly intimate. And, thanking Mr. Ramsay for it
and Mrs. Ramsay for it and the hour and the place, crediting the world with
a power which she had not suspected--that one could walk away down that
long gallery not alone any more but arm in arm with somebody--the
strangest feeling in the world, and the most exhilarating--she nicked
the catch of her paint-box to, more firmly than was necessary, and the
nick seemed to surround in a circle foreM
ver the paint-box, the lawn,
Mr. Bankes, and that wild villain, Cam, dashing past.
For Cam grazed the easel by an inch; she would not stop for Mr. Bankes
and Lily Briscoe; though Mr. Bankes, who would have liked a daughter of
his own, held out his hand; she would not stop for her father, whom she
grazed also by an inch; nor for her mother, who called "Cam! I want
you a moment!" as she dashed past. She was off like a bird, bullet, or
arrow, impelled by what desire, shot by whom, at what directed, who
y? What, what? Mrs. Ramsay pondered, watching her. It might
be a vision--of a shell, of a wheelbarrow, of a fairy kingdom on the
far side of the hedge; or it might be the glory of speed; no one knew.
But when Mrs. Ramsay called "Cam!" a second time, the projectile dropped
in mid career, and Cam came lagging back, pulling a leaf by the way, to
What was she dreaming about, Mrs. Ramsay wondered, seeing her engrossed,
as she stood there, with some thought of her own, so that she had to
repeat the message tM
wice--ask Mildred if Andrew, Miss Doyle, and Mr.
Rayley have come back?--The words seemed to be dropped into a well,
where, if the waters were clear, they were also so extraordinarily
distorting that, even as they descended, one saw them twisting about to
make Heaven knows what pattern on the floor of the child's mind. What
message would Cam give the cook? Mrs. Ramsay wondered. And indeed it
was only by waiting patiently, and hearing that there was an old woman in
the kitchen with very red cheeks, drinking soup outM
Mrs. Ramsay at last prompted that parrot-like instinct which had picked up
Mildred's words quite accurately and could now produce them, if one
waited, in a colourless singsong. Shifting from foot to foot, Cam
repeated the words, "No, they haven't, and I've told Ellen to clear away
Minta Doyle and Paul Rayley had not come back then. That could only
mean, Mrs. Ramsay thought, one thing. She must accept him, or she must
refuse him. This going off after luncheon for a walk, even though
as with them--what could it mean? except that she had decided,
rightly, Mrs. Ramsay thought (and she was very, very fond of Minta), to
accept that good fellow, who might not be brilliant, but then, thought
Mrs. Ramsay, realising that James was tugging at her, to make her go on
reading aloud the Fisherman and his Wife, she did in her own heart
infinitely prefer boobies to clever men who wrote dissertations;
Charles Tansley, for instance. Anyhow it must have happened, one way
or the other, by now.
t morning the wife awoke first, and it was just
daybreak, and from her bed she saw the beautiful country lying before
her. Her husband was still stretching himself..."
But how could Minta say now that she would not have him? Not if she
agreed to spend whole afternoons trapesing about the country alone--for
Andrew would be off after his crabs--but possibly Nancy was with them.
She tried to recall the sight of them standing at the hall door after
lunch. There they stood, looking at the sky, wondering about the
er, and she had said, thinking partly to cover their shyness,
partly to encourage them to be off (for her sympathies were with Paul),
"There isn't a cloud anywhere within miles," at which she could feel
little Charles Tansley, who had followed them out, snigger. But she
did it on purpose. Whether Nancy was there or not, she could not be
certain, looking from one to the other in her mind's eye.
She read on: "Ah, wife," said the man, "why should we be King? I do
not want to be King." "Well," said the wife, "if you M
will; go to the Flounder, for I will be King."
"Come in or go out, Cam," she said, knowing that Cam was attracted only
by the word "Flounder" and that in a moment she would fidget and fight
with James as usual. Cam shot off. Mrs. Ramsay went on reading,
relieved, for she and James shared the same tastes and were comfortable
"And when he came to the sea, it was quite dark grey, and the water heaved
up from below, and smelt putrid. Then he went and stood by it and said,
Come, I pray thee, here to me;
For my wife, good Ilsabil,
Wills not as I'd have her will.'
'Well, what does she want then?' said the Flounder." And where were
they now? Mrs. Ramsay wondered, reading and thinking, quite easily,
both at the same time; for the story of the Fisherman and his Wife was
like the bass gently accompanying a tune, which now and then ran up
unexpectedly into the melody. And when should she be told? If nothing
happened, she would have to speak seriously to Minta. For she couM
not go trapesing about all over the country, even if Nancy were with
them (she tried again, unsuccessfully, to visualize their backs going
down the path, and to count them). She was responsible to Minta's
parents--the Owl and the Poker. Her nicknames for them shot into her
mind as she read. The Owl and the Poker--yes, they would be annoyed if
they heard--and they were certain to hear--that Minta, staying with the
Ramsays, had been seen etcetera, etcetera, etcetera. "He wore a wig in
the House of Commons and she M
ably assisted him at the head of the
stairs," she repeated, fishing them up out of her mind by a phrase
which, coming back from some party, she had made to amuse her husband.
Dear, dear, Mrs. Ramsay said to herself, how did they produce this
incongruous daughter? this tomboy Minta, with a hole in her stocking?
How did she exist in that portentous atmosphere where the maid was
always removing in a dust-pan the sand that the parrot had scattered,
and conversation was almost entirely reduced to the exploits--interestiM
perhaps, but limited after all--of that bird? Naturally, one had asked
her to lunch, tea, dinner, finally to stay with them up at Finlay, which
had resulted in some friction with the Owl, her mother, and more calling,
and more conversation, and more sand, and really at the end of it, she had
told enough lies about parrots to last her a lifetime (so she had said
to her husband that night, coming back from the party). However,
Minta came...Yes, she came, Mrs. Ramsay thought, suspecting some thorn
this thought; and disengaging it found it to be this: a
woman had once accused her of "robbing her of her daughter's affections";
something Mrs. Doyle had said made her remember that charge again. Wishing
to dominate, wishing to interfere, making people do what she wished--that
was the charge against her, and she thought it most unjust. How could
she help being "like that" to look at? No one could accuse her of
taking pains to impress. She was often ashamed of her own shabbiness.
Nor was she domineering, nor was shM
e tyrannical. It was more true
about hospitals and drains and the dairy. About things like that she
did feel passionately, and would, if she had the chance, have liked to
take people by the scruff of their necks and make them see. No
hospital on the whole island. It was a disgrace. Milk delivered at
your door in London positively brown with dirt. It should be made
illegal. A model dairy and a hospital up here--those two things she
would have liked to do, herself. But how? With all these children?
er, then perhaps she would have time; when they were
Oh, but she never wanted James to grow a day older! or Cam either.
These two she would have liked to keep for ever just as they were,
demons of wickedness, angels of delight, never to see them grow up into
long-legged monsters. Nothing made up up for the loss. When she read
just now to James, "and there were numbers of soldiers with kettledrums
and trumpets," and his eyes darkened, she thought, why should they grow
up and lose all that? He was theM
most gifted, the most sensitive of
her children. But all, she thought, were full of promise. Prue, a
perfect angel with the others, and sometimes now, at night especially,
she took one's breath away with her beauty. Andrew--even her husband
admitted that his gift for mathematics was extraordinary. And Nancy
and Roger, they were both wild creatures now, scampering about over the
country all day long. As for Rose, her mouth was too big, but she had
a wonderful gift with her hands. If they had charades, Rose made theM
dresses; made everything; liked best arranging tables, flowers,
anything. She did not like it that Jasper should shoot birds; but it
was only a stage; they all went through stages. Why, she asked,
pressing her chin on James's head, should they grow up so fast? Why
should they go to school? She would have liked always to have had a
baby. She was happiest carrying one in her arms. Then people might
say she was tyrannical, domineering, masterful, if they chose; she did
not mind. And, touching his hair with her lips, M
she thought, he will
never be so happy again, but stopped herself, remembering how it
angered her husband that she should say that. Still, it was true. They
were happier now than they would ever be again. A tenpenny tea set
made Cam happy for days. She heard them stamping and crowing on the
floor above her head the moment they awoke. They came bustling along
the passage. Then the door sprang open and in they came, fresh as
roses, staring, wide awake, as if this coming into the dining-room
after breakfast, which theM
y did every day of their lives, was a
positive event to them, and so on, with one thing after another, all
day long, until she went up to say good-night to them, and found them
netted in their cots like birds among cherries and raspberries, still
making up stories about some little bit of rubbish--something they had
heard, something they had picked up in the garden. They all had their
little treasures... And so she went down and said to her husband, Why
must they grow up and lose it all? Never will they be so happyM
And he was angry. Why take such a gloomy view of life? he said. It
is not sensible. For it was odd; and she believed it to be true; that
with all his gloom and desperation he was happier, more hopeful on the
whole, than she was. Less exposed to human worries--perhaps that was
it. He had always his work to fall back on. Not that she herself was
"pessimistic," as he accused her of being. Only she thought life--and
a little strip of time presented itself to her eyes--her fifty
years. There it was before her--lM
ife. Life, she thought--but she did
not finish her thought. She took a look at life, for she had a clear
sense of it there, something real, something private, which she shared
neither with her children nor with her husband. A sort of transaction
went on between them, in which she was on one side, and life was on
another, and she was always trying to get the better of it, as it was
of her; and sometimes they parleyed (when she sat alone); there were,
she remembered, great reconciliation scenes; but for the most partM
oddly enough, she must admit that she felt this thing that she called
life terrible, hostile, and quick to pounce on you if you gave it a
chance. There were eternal problems: suffering; death; the poor. There
was always a woman dying of cancer even here. And yet she had said to
all these children, You shall go through it all. To eight people she
had said relentlessly that (and the bill for the greenhouse would be
fifty pounds). For that reason, knowing what was before them--love and
ambition and being wretched alM
one in dreary places--she had often the
feeling, Why must they grow up and lose it all? And then she said to
herself, brandishing her sword at life, Nonsense. They will be
perfectly happy. And here she was, she reflected, feeling life rather
sinister again, making Minta marry Paul Rayley; because whatever she
might feel about her own transaction, she had had experiences which
need not happen to every one (she did not name them to herself); she
was driven on, too quickly she knew, almost as if it were an escape for
her too, to say that people must marry; people must have children.
Was she wrong in this, she asked herself, reviewing her conduct for the
past week or two, and wondering if she had indeed put any pressure upon
Minta, who was only twenty-four, to make up her mind. She was uneasy.
Had she not laughed about it? Was she not forgetting again how
strongly she influenced people? Marriage needed--oh, all sorts of
qualities (the bill for the greenhouse would be fifty pounds); one--she
need not name it--that was essential;M
the thing she had with her
husband. Had they that?
"Then he put on his trousers and ran away like a madman," she read.
"But outside a great storm was raging and blowing so hard that he could
scarcely keep his feet; houses and trees toppled over, the mountains
trembled, rocks rolled into the sea, the sky was pitch black, and it
thundered and lightened, and the sea came in with black waves as high
as church towers and mountains, and all with white foam at the top."
She turned the page; there were only a few lines M
would finish the story, though it was past bed-time. It was getting
late. The light in the garden told her that; and the whitening of the
flowers and something grey in the leaves conspired together, to rouse
in her a feeling of anxiety. What it was about she could not think at
first. Then she remembered; Paul and Minta and Andrew had not come
back. She summoned before her again the little group on the terrace in
front of the hall door, standing looking up into the sky. Andrew had
t. That meant he was going to catch crabs and things.
That meant he would climb out on to a rock; he would be cut off. Or
coming back single file on one of those little paths above the cliff
one of them might slip. He would roll and then crash. It was growing
But she did not let her voice change in the least as she finished the
story, and added, shutting the book, and speaking the last words as if
she had made them up herself, looking into James's eyes: "And there
they are living still at this very timM
"And that's the end," she said, and she saw in his eyes, as the
interest of the story died away in them, something else take its place;
something wondering, pale, like the reflection of a light, which at
once made him gaze and marvel. Turning, she looked across the bay, and
there, sure enough, coming regularly across the waves first two quick
strokes and then one long steady stroke, was the light of the
Lighthouse. It had been lit.
In a moment he would ask her, "Are we going to the Lighthouse?" And
have to say, "No: not tomorrow; your father says not."
Happily, Mildred came in to fetch them, and the bustle distracted them.
But he kept looking back over his shoulder as Mildred carried him out,
and she was certain that he was thinking, we are not going to the
Lighthouse tomorrow; and she thought, he will remember that all his
No, she thought, putting together some of the pictures he had cut out--
a refrigerator, a mowing machine, a gentleman in evening dress--
children never forget. For this reason, M
it was so important what one
said, and what one did, and it was a relief when they went to bed. For
now she need not think about anybody. She could be herself, by
herself. And that was what now she often felt the need of--to think;
well, not even to think. To be silent; to be alone. All the being and
the doing, expansive, glittering, vocal, evaporated; and one shrunk,
with a sense of solemnity, to being oneself, a wedge-shaped core of
darkness, something invisible to others. Although she continued to
upright, it was thus that she felt herself; and this self
having shed its attachments was free for the strangest adventures. When
life sank down for a moment, the range of experience seemed limitless.
And to everybody there was always this sense of unlimited resources,
she supposed; one after another, she, Lily, Augustus Carmichael, must
feel, our apparitions, the things you know us by, are simply childish.
Beneath it is all dark, it is all spreading, it is unfathomably deep;
but now and again we rise to the surfacM
e and that is what you see us
by. Her horizon seemed to her limitless. There were all the places
she had not seen; the Indian plains; she felt herself pushing aside the
thick leather curtain of a church in Rome. This core of darkness could
go anywhere, for no one saw it. They could not stop it, she thought,
exulting. There was freedom, there was peace, there was, most
welcome of all, a summoning together, a resting on a platform
of stability. Not as oneself did one find rest ever, in her experience
d here something dexterous with her needles) but as a
wedge of darkness. Losing personality, one lost the fret, the hurry,
the stir; and there rose to her lips always some exclamation of triumph
over life when things came together in this peace, this rest, this
eternity; and pausing there she looked out to meet that stroke of the
Lighthouse, the long steady stroke, the last of the three, which was
her stroke, for watching them in this mood always at this hour one
could not help attaching oneself to one thing especiM
one saw; and this thing, the long steady stroke, was her stroke. Often
she found herself sitting and looking, sitting and looking, with her
work in her hands until she became the thing she looked at--that light,
for example. And it would lift up on it some little phrase or other
which had been lying in her mind like that--"Children don't forget,
children don't forget"--which she would repeat and begin adding to it,
It will end, it will end, she said. It will come, it will come, when
added, We are in the hands of the Lord.
But instantly she was annoyed with herself for saying that. Who had
said it? Not she; she had been trapped into saying something she did
not mean. She looked up over her knitting and met the third stroke and
it seemed to her like her own eyes meeting her own eyes, searching as
she alone could search into her mind and her heart, purifying out of
existence that lie, any lie. She praised herself in praising the
light, without vanity, for she was stern, she was searching, she waM
beautiful like that light. It was odd, she thought, how if one was
alone, one leant to inanimate things; trees, streams, flowers; felt
they expressed one; felt they became one; felt they knew one, in a
sense were one; felt an irrational tenderness thus (she looked at that
long steady light) as for oneself. There rose, and she looked and
looked with her needles suspended, there curled up off the floor of the
mind, rose from the lake of one's being, a mist, a bride to meet her
What brought her to say that: M
"We are in the hands of the Lord?" she
wondered. The insincerity slipping in among the truths roused her,
annoyed her. She returned to her knitting again. How could any Lord
have made this world? she asked. With her mind she had always seized
the fact that there is no reason, order, justice: but suffering, death,
the poor. There was no treachery too base for the world to commit; she
knew that. No happiness lasted; she knew that. She knitted with firm
composure, slightly pursing her lips and, without being aware of M
stiffened and composed the lines of her face in a habit of sternness
that when her husband passed, though he was chuckling at the thought
that Hume, the philosopher, grown enormously fat, had stuck in a bog,
he could not help noting, as he passed, the sternness at the heart of
her beauty. It saddened him, and her remoteness pained him, and he
felt, as he passed, that he could not protect her, and, when he reached
the hedge, he was sad. He could do nothing to help her. He must stand
by and watch her. Indeed, M
the infernal truth was, he made things worse
for her. He was irritable--he was touchy. He had lost his temper over
the Lighthouse. He looked into the hedge, into its intricacy, its
Always, Mrs. Ramsay felt, one helped oneself out of solitude reluctantly
by laying hold of some little odd or end, some sound, some sight. She
listened, but it was all very still; cricket was over; the children
were in their baths; there was only the sound of the sea. She stopped
knitting; she held the long reddish-brown stockM
hands a moment. She saw the light again. With some irony in her
interrogation, for when one woke at all, one's relations changed, she
looked at the steady light, the pitiless, the remorseless, which was so
much her, yet so little her, which had her at its beck and call (she
woke in the night and saw it bent across their bed, stroking the
floor), but for all that she thought, watching it with fascination,
hypnotised, as if it were stroking with its silver fingers some sealed
vessel in her brain wM
hose bursting would flood her with delight, she
had known happiness, exquisite happiness, intense happiness, and it
silvered the rough waves a little more brightly, as daylight faded, and
the blue went out of the sea and it rolled in waves of pure lemon which
curved and swelled and broke upon the beach and the ecstasy burst in
her eyes and waves of pure delight raced over the floor of her mind and
she felt, It is enough! It is enough!
He turned and saw her. Ah! She was lovely, lovelier now than ever he
t he could not speak to her. He could not interrupt her.
He wanted urgently to speak to her now that James was gone and she was
alone at last. But he resolved, no; he would not interrupt her. She
was aloof from him now in her beauty, in her sadness. He would let her
be, and he passed her without a word, though it hurt him that she
should look so distant, and he could not reach her, he could do nothing
to help her. And again he would have passed her without a word had she
not, at that very moment, given him of her oM
wn free will what she knew
he would never ask, and called to him and taken the green shawl off the
picture frame, and gone to him. For he wished, she knew, to protect
She folded the green shawl about her shoulders. She took his arm. His
beauty was so great, she said, beginning to speak of Kennedy the
gardener, at once he was so awfully handsome, that she couldn't dismiss
him. There was a ladder against the greenhouse, and little lumps of
putty stuck about, for they were beginning to mend the greenhouse.
es, but as she strolled along with her husband, she felt that that
particular source of worry had been placed. She had it on the tip of
her tongue to say, as they strolled, "It'll cost fifty pounds," but
instead, for her heart failed her about money, she talked about Jasper
shooting birds, and he said, at once, soothing her instantly, that it
was natural in a boy, and he trusted he would find better ways of
amusing himself before long. Her husband was so sensible, so just.
And so she said, "Yes; all children go thrM
ough stages," and began
considering the dahlias in the big bed, and wondering what about next
year's flowers, and had he heard the children's nickname for Charles
Tansley, she asked. The atheist, they called him, the little atheist.
"He's not a polished specimen," said Mr. Ramsay. "Far from it," said
She supposed it was all right leaving him to his own devices, Mrs.
Ramsay said, wondering whether it was any use sending down bulbs; did
they plant them? "Oh, he has his dissertation to write," said Mr.
amsay. She knew all about THAT, said Mrs. Ramsay. He talked of
nothing else. It was about the influence of somebody upon something.
"Well, it's all he has to count on," said Mr. Ramsay. "Pray Heaven he
won't fall in love with Prue," said Mrs. Ramsay. He'd disinherit her if
she married him, said Mr. Ramsay. He did not look at the flowers,
which his wife was considering, but at a spot about a foot or
so above them. There was no harm in him, he added, and was just
about to say that anyhow he was the only young man in M
admired his--when he choked it back. He would not bother her again
about his books. These flowers seemed creditable, Mr. Ramsay said,
lowering his gaze and noticing something red, something brown. Yes, but
then these she had put in with her own hands, said Mrs. Ramsay. The
question was, what happened if she sent bulbs down; did Kennedy plant
them? It was his incurable laziness; she added, moving on. If she
stood over him all day long with a spade in her hand, he did sometimes
do a stroke of work. So theM
y strolled along, towards the red-hot
pokers. "You're teaching your daughters to exaggerate," said Mr.
Ramsay, reproving her. Her Aunt Camilla was far worse than she was, Mrs.
Ramsay remarked. "Nobody ever held up your Aunt Camilla as a model of
virtue that I'm aware of," said Mr. Ramsay. "She was the most beautiful
woman I ever saw," said Mrs. Ramsay. "Somebody else was that," said Mr.
Ramsay. Prue was going to be far more beautiful than she was, said Mrs.
Ramsay. He saw no trace of it, said Mr. Ramsay. "Well, theM
tonight," said Mrs. Ramsay. They paused. He wished Andrew could be
induced to work harder. He would lose every chance of a scholarship if
he didn't. "Oh, scholarships!" she said. Mr. Ramsay thought her foolish
for saying that, about a serious thing, like a scholarship. He should
be very proud of Andrew if he got a scholarship, he said. She would be
just as proud of him if he didn't, she answered. They disagreed always
about this, but it did not matter. She liked him to believe in
scholarships, and he liked M
her to be proud of Andrew whatever he did.
Suddenly she remembered those little paths on the edge of the cliffs.
Wasn't it late? she asked. They hadn't come home yet. He flicked his
watch carelessly open. But it was only just past seven. He held his
watch open for a moment, deciding that he would tell her what he had
felt on the terrace. To begin with, it was not reasonable to be so
nervous. Andrew could look after himself. Then, he wanted to tell her
that when he was walking on the terrace just now--here he becamM
uncomfortable, as if he were breaking into that solitude, that
aloofness, that remoteness of hers. But she pressed him. What had
he wanted to tell her, she asked, thinking it was about going to the
Lighthouse; that he was sorry he had said "Damn you." But no. He did
not like to see her look so sad, he said. Only wool gathering, she
protested, flushing a little. They both felt uncomfortable, as if they
did not know whether to go on or go back. She had been reading fairy
tales to James, she said. No, they could notM
share that; they could
They had reached the gap between the two clumps of red-hot pokers, and
there was the Lighthouse again, but she would not let herself look at
it. Had she known that he was looking at her, she thought, she would
not have let herself sit there, thinking. She disliked anything that
reminded her that she had been seen sitting thinking. So she looked
over her shoulder, at the town. The lights were rippling and running
as if they were drops of silver water held firm in a wind. And alM
poverty, all the suffering had turned to that, Mrs. Ramsay thought. The
lights of the town and of the harbour and of the boats seemed like a
phantom net floating there to mark something which had sunk. Well, if
he could not share her thoughts, Mr. Ramsay said to himself, he would be
off, then, on his own. He wanted to go on thinking, telling himself the
story how Hume was stuck in a bog; he wanted to laugh. But first it
was nonsense to be anxious about Andrew. When he was Andrew's age he
used to walk about thM
e country all day long, with nothing but a biscuit
in his pocket and nobody bothered about him, or thought that he had
fallen over a cliff. He said aloud he thought he would be off for a
day's walk if the weather held. He had had about enough of Bankes and
of Carmichael. He would like a little solitude. Yes, she said. It
annoyed him that she did not protest. She knew that he would never do
it. He was too old now to walk all day long with a biscuit in his
pocket. She worried about the boys, but not about him. Years M
before he had married, he thought, looking across the bay, as they
stood between the clumps of red-hot pokers, he had walked all day. He
had made a meal off bread and cheese in a public house. He had worked
ten hours at a stretch; an old woman just popped her head in now and
again and saw to the fire. That was the country he liked best, over
there; those sandhills dwindling away into darkness. One could walk
all day without meeting a soul. There was not a house scarcely, not a
single village for miles on end. M
One could worry things out alone.
There were little sandy beaches where no one had been since the
beginning of time. The seals sat up and looked at you. It sometimes
seemed to him that in a little house out there, alone--he broke off,
sighing. He had no right. The father of eight children--he reminded
himself. And he would have been a beast and a cur to wish a single
thing altered. Andrew would be a better man than he had been. Prue
would be a beauty, her mother said. They would stem the flood a bit.
d bit of work on the whole--his eight children. They
showed he did not damn the poor little universe entirely, for on an
evening like this, he thought, looking at the land dwindling away, the
little island seemed pathetically small, half swallowed up in the sea.
"Poor little place," he murmured with a sigh.
She heard him. He said the most melancholy things, but she noticed
that directly he had said them he always seemed more cheerful than
usual. All this phrase-making was a game, she thought, for if she had
half what he said, she would have blown her brains out by now.
It annoyed her, this phrase-making, and she said to him, in a matter-
of-fact way, that it was a perfectly lovely evening. And what was he
groaning about, she asked, half laughing, half complaining, for she
guessed what he was thinking--he would have written better books if he
He was not complaining, he said. She knew that he did not complain.
She knew that he had nothing whatever to complain of. And he seized
her hand and raised it tM
o his lips and kissed it with an intensity that
brought the tears to her eyes, and quickly he dropped it.
They turned away from the view and began to walk up the path where the
silver-green spear-like plants grew, arm in arm. His arm was almost
like a young man's arm, Mrs. Ramsay thought, thin and hard, and she
thought with delight how strong he still was, though he was over sixty,
and how untamed and optimistic, and how strange it was that being
convinced, as he was, of all sorts of horrors, seemed not to depressM
him, but to cheer him. Was it not odd, she reflected? Indeed he
seemed to her sometimes made differently from other people, born blind,
deaf, and dumb, to the ordinary things, but to the extraordinary
things, with an eye like an eagle's. His understanding often
astonished her. But did he notice the flowers? No. Did he notice the
view? No. Did he even notice his own daughter's beauty, or whether
there was pudding on his plate or roast beef? He would sit at table
with them like a person in a dream. And his habit of M
saying poetry aloud, was growing on him, she was afraid; for sometimes
Best and brightest come away!
poor Miss Giddings, when he shouted that at her, almost jumped out of
her skin. But then, Mrs. Ramsay, though instantly taking his side
against all the silly Giddingses in the world, then, she thought,
intimating by a little pressure on his arm that he walked up hill too
fast for her, and she must stop for a moment to see whether those were
fresh molehills on the bank, then, shM
e thought, stooping down to look,
a great mind like his must be different in every way from ours. All
the great men she had ever known, she thought, deciding that a rabbit
must have got in, were like that, and it was good for young men (though
the atmosphere of lecture-rooms was stuffy and depressing to her beyond
endurance almost) simply to hear him, simply to look at him. But
without shooting rabbits, how was one to keep them down? she wondered.
It might be a rabbit; it might be a mole. Some creature anyhow was
uining her Evening Primroses. And looking up, she saw above the thin
trees the first pulse of the full-throbbing star, and wanted to make
her husband look at it; for the sight gave her such keen pleasure. But
she stopped herself. He never looked at things. If he did, all he
would say would be, Poor little world, with one of his sighs.
At that moment, he said, "Very fine," to please her, and pretended to
admire the flowers. But she knew quite well that he did not admire
them, or even realise that they were there. IM
t was only to please
her. Ah, but was that not Lily Briscoe strolling along with William
Bankes? She focussed her short-sighted eyes upon the backs of a
retreating couple. Yes, indeed it was. Did that not mean that they
would marry? Yes, it must! What an admirable idea! They must marry!
He had been to Amsterdam, Mr. Bankes was saying as he strolled across
the lawn with Lily Briscoe. He had seen the Rembrandts. He had been to
Madrid. Unfortunately, it was Good Friday and the Prado was shut. He
Had Miss Briscoe never been to Rome? Oh, she
should--It would be a wonderful experience for her--the Sistine
Chapel; Michael Angelo; and Padua, with its Giottos. His wife had been
in bad health for many years, so that their sight-seeing had been on a
She had been to Brussels; she had been to Paris but only for a flying
visit to see an aunt who was ill. She had been to Dresden; there were
masses of pictures she had not seen; however, Lily Briscoe reflected,
perhaps it was better not to see pictures: M
hopelessly discontented with one's own work. Mr. Bankes thought one
could carry that point of view too far. We can't all be Titians and we
can't all be Darwins, he said; at the same time he doubted whether you
could have your Darwin and your Titian if it weren't for humble people
like ourselves. Lily would have liked to pay him a compliment; you're
not humble, Mr. Bankes, she would have liked to have said. But he did
not want compliments (most men do, she thought), and she was a little
her impulse and said nothing while he remarked that perhaps
what he was saying did not apply to pictures. Anyhow, said Lily,
tossing off her little insincerity, she would always go on painting,
because it interested her. Yes, said Mr. Bankes, he was sure she would,
and, as they reached the end of the lawn he was asking her whether she
had difficulty in finding subjects in London when they turned and saw
the Ramsays. So that is marriage, Lily thought, a man and a woman
looking at a girl throwing a ball. That is whaM
t Mrs. Ramsay tried to
tell me the other night, she thought. For she was wearing a green
shawl, and they were standing close together watching Prue and
Jasper throwing catches. And suddenly the meaning which, for no
reason at all, as perhaps they are stepping out of the Tube or
ringing a doorbell, descends on people, making them symbolical,
making them representative, came upon them, and made them in the dusk
standing, looking, the symbols of marriage, husband and wife. Then,
after an instant, the symbolical outlinM
e which transcended the real
figures sank down again, and they became, as they met them, Mr. and Mrs.
Ramsay watching the children throwing catches. But still for a moment,
though Mrs. Ramsay greeted them with her usual smile (oh, she's thinking
we're going to get married, Lily thought) and said, "I have triumphed
tonight," meaning that for once Mr. Bankes had agreed to dine with them
and not run off to his own lodging where his man cooked vegetables
properly; still, for one moment, there was a sense of things haviM
been blown apart, of space, of irresponsibility as the ball soared
high, and they followed it and lost it and saw the one star and the
draped branches. In the failing light they all looked sharp-edged and
ethereal and divided by great distances. Then, darting backwards over
the vast space (for it seemed as if solidity had vanished altogether),
Prue ran full tilt into them and caught the ball brilliantly high up in
her left hand, and her mother said, "Haven't they come back yet?"
whereupon the spell was broken. MM
r. Ramsay felt free now to laugh out
loud at the thought that Hume had stuck in a bog and an old woman
rescued him on condition he said the Lord's Prayer, and chuckling to
himself he strolled off to his study. Mrs. Ramsay, bringing Prue back
into throwing catches again, from which she had escaped, asked,
"Did Nancy go with them?"
(Certainly, Nancy had gone with them, since Minta Doyle had asked it
with her dumb look, holding out her hand, as Nancy made off, after
lunch, to her attic, to escape the horror of fM
supposed she must go then. She did not want to go. She did not want to
be drawn into it all. For as they walked along the road to the cliff
Minta kept on taking her hand. Then she would let it go. Then she
would take it again. What was it she wanted? Nancy asked herself.
There was something, of course, that people wanted; for when Minta took
her hand and held it, Nancy, reluctantly, saw the whole world spread
out beneath her, as if it were Constantinople seen through a mist, and
then, however heavy-M
eyed one might be, one must needs ask, "Is that
Santa Sofia?" "Is that the Golden Horn?" So Nancy asked, when Minta
took her hand. "What is it that she wants? Is it that?" And what was
that? Here and there emerged from the mist (as Nancy looked down upon
life spread beneath her) a pinnacle, a dome; prominent things, without
names. But when Minta dropped her hand, as she did when they ran down
the hillside, all that, the dome, the pinnacle, whatever it was that
had protruded through the mist, sank down into it and dM
Minta, Andrew observed, was rather a good walker. She wore more
sensible clothes that most women. She wore very short skirts and black
knickerbockers. She would jump straight into a stream and flounder
across. He liked her rashness, but he saw that it would not do--she
would kill herself in some idiotic way one of these days. She seemed
to be afraid of nothing--except bulls. At the mere sight of a bull in
a field she would throw up her arms and fly screaming, which was the
very thing to enrage a bull ofM
course. But she did not mind owning up
to it in the least; one must admit that. She knew she was an awful
coward about bulls, she said. She thought she must have been tossed in
her perambulator when she was a baby. She didn't seem to mind what she
said or did. Suddenly now she pitched down on the edge of the cliff
and began to sing some song about
Damn your eyes, damn your eyes.
They all had to join in and sing the chorus, and shout out together:
Damn your eyes, damn your eyes,
but it would be fatal to letM
the tide come in and cover up all the good
hunting-grounds before they got on to the beach.
"Fatal," Paul agreed, springing up, and as they went slithering down,
he kept quoting the guide-book about "these islands being justly
celebrated for their park-like prospects and the extent and variety of
their marine curiosities." But it would not do altogether, this
shouting and damning your eyes, Andrew felt, picking his way down the
cliff, this clapping him on the back, and calling him "old fellow" and
uld not altogether do. It was the worst of taking women
on walks. Once on the beach they separated, he going out on to the
Pope's Nose, taking his shoes off, and rolling his socks in them and
letting that couple look after themselves; Nancy waded out to her own
rocks and searched her own pools and let that couple look after
themselves. She crouched low down and touched the smooth rubber-like
sea anemones, who were stuck like lumps of jelly to the side of the
rock. Brooding, she changed the pool into the sea, and maM
into sharks and whales, and cast vast clouds over this tiny world by
holding her hand against the sun, and so brought darkness and
desolation, like God himself, to millions of ignorant and innocent
creatures, and then took her hand away suddenly and let the sun stream
down. Out on the pale criss-crossed sand, high-stepping, fringed,
gauntleted, stalked some fantastic leviathan (she was still enlarging
the pool), and slipped into the vast fissures of the mountain side.
And then, letting her eyes slideM
imperceptibly above the pool and rest
on that wavering line of sea and sky, on the tree trunks which the
smoke of steamers made waver on the horizon, she became with all that
power sweeping savagely in and inevitably withdrawing, hypnotised, and
the two senses of that vastness and this tininess (the pool had
diminished again) flowering within it made her feel that she was bound
hand and foot and unable to move by the intensity of feelings which
reduced her own body, her own life, and the lives of all the people inM
the world, for ever, to nothingness. So listening to the waves,
crouching over the pool, she brooded.
And Andrew shouted that the sea was coming in, so she leapt splashing
through the shallow waves on to the shore and ran up the beach and was
carried by her own impetuosity and her desire for rapid movement right
behind a rock and there--oh, heavens! in each other's arms, were Paul
and Minta kissing probably. She was outraged, indignant. She and
Andrew put on their shoes and stockings in dead silence without sayinM
a thing about it. Indeed they were rather sharp with each other. She
might have called him when she saw the crayfish or whatever it was,
Andrew grumbled. However, they both felt, it's not our fault. They
had not wanted this horrid nuisance to happen. All the same it
irritated Andrew that Nancy should be a woman, and Nancy that Andrew
should be a man, and they tied their shoes very neatly and drew the
It was not until they had climbed right up on to the top of the cliff
again that Minta cried oM
ut that she had lost her grandmother's brooch--
her grandmother's brooch, the sole ornament she possessed--a weeping
willow, it was (they must remember it) set in pearls. They must have
seen it, she said, with the tears running down her cheeks, the
brooch which her grandmother had fastened her cap with till the
last day of her life. Now she had lost it. She would rather have
lost anything than that! She would go back and look for it. They all
went back. They poked and peered and looked. They kept their heads
ow, and said things shortly and gruffly. Paul Rayley searched
like a madman all about the rock where they had been sitting. All this
pother about a brooch really didn't do at all, Andrew thought, as Paul
told him to make a "thorough search between this point and that." The
tide was coming in fast. The sea would cover the place where they had
sat in a minute. There was not a ghost of a chance of their finding it
now. "We shall be cut off!" Minta shrieked, suddenly terrified. As if
there were any danger of that! It wM
as the same as the bulls all over
again--she had no control over her emotions, Andrew thought. Women
hadn't. The wretched Paul had to pacify her. The men (Andrew and Paul
at once became manly, and different from usual) took counsel briefly
and decided that they would plant Rayley's stick where they had sat and
come back at low tide again. There was nothing more that could be done
now. If the brooch was there, it would still be there in the morning,
they assured her, but Minta still sobbed, all the way up to the topM
the cliff. It was her grandmother's brooch; she would rather have lost
anything but that, and yet Nancy felt, it might be true that she minded
losing her brooch, but she wasn't crying only for that. She was crying
for something else. We might all sit down and cry, she felt. But she
did not know what for.
They drew ahead together, Paul and Minta, and he comforted her, and
said how famous he was for finding things. Once when he was a little
boy he had found a gold watch. He would get up at daybreak and he was
sitive he would find it. It seemed to him that it would be
almost dark, and he would be alone on the beach, and somehow it would
be rather dangerous. He began telling her, however, that he would
certainly find it, and she said that she would not hear of his getting
up at dawn: it was lost: she knew that: she had had a presentiment when
she put it on that afternoon. And secretly he resolved that he would
not tell her, but he would slip out of the house at dawn when they were
all asleep and if he could not find it heM
would go to Edinburgh and buy
her another, just like it but more beautiful. He would prove what he
could do. And as they came out on the hill and saw the lights of the
town beneath them, the lights coming out suddenly one by one seemed
like things that were going to happen to him--his marriage, his
children, his house; and again he thought, as they came out on to the
high road, which was shaded with high bushes, how they would retreat
into solitude together, and walk on and on, he always leading her, and
ing close to his side (as she did now). As they turned by the
cross roads he thought what an appalling experience he had been
through, and he must tell some one--Mrs. Ramsay of course, for it took
his breath away to think what he had been and done. It had been far
and away the worst moment of his life when he asked Minta to marry him.
He would go straight to Mrs. Ramsay, because he felt somehow that she
was the person who had made him do it. She had made him think he could
do anything. Nobody else took him seriouslM
y. But she made him believe
that he could do whatever he wanted. He had felt her eyes on him all
day today, following him about (though she never said a word) as if she
were saying, "Yes, you can do it. I believe in you. I expect it of
you." She had made him feel all that, and directly they got back (he
looked for the lights of the house above the bay) he would go to her
and say, "I've done it, Mrs. Ramsay; thanks to you." And so turning into
the lane that led to the house he could see lights moving about in the
per windows. They must be awfully late then. People were getting
ready for dinner. The house was all lit up, and the lights after the
darkness made his eyes feel full, and he said to himself, childishly,
as he walked up the drive, Lights, lights, lights, and repeated in a
dazed way, Lights, lights, lights, as they came into the house staring
about him with his face quite stiff. But, good heavens, he said to
himself, putting his hand to his tie, I must not make a fool of
"Yes," said Prue, in her consM
idering way, answering her mother's
question, "I think Nancy did go with them."
Well then, Nancy had gone with them, Mrs. Ramsay supposed, wondering, as
she put down a brush, took up a comb, and said "Come in" to a tap at
the door (Jasper and Rose came in), whether the fact that Nancy was
with them made it less likely or more likely that anything would
happen; it made it less likely, somehow, Mrs. Ramsay felt, very
irrationally, except that after all holocaust on such a scale was not
probable. They could notM
all be drowned. And again she felt alone in
the presence of her old antagonist, life.
Jasper and Rose said that Mildred wanted to know whether she should
"Not for the Queen of England," said Mrs. Ramsay emphatically.
"Not for the Empress of Mexico," she added, laughing at Jasper; for he
shared his mother's vice: he, too, exaggerated.
And if Rose liked, she said, while Jasper took the message, she might
choose which jewels she was to wear. When there are fifteen people
sitting down to dinner, one cM
annot keep things waiting for ever. She
was now beginning to feel annoyed with them for being so late; it was
inconsiderate of them, and it annoyed her on top of her anxiety about
them, that they should choose this very night to be out late, when, in
fact, she wished the dinner to be particularly nice, since William
Bankes had at last consented to dine with them; and they were having
Mildred's masterpiece--BOEUF EN DAUBE. Everything depended upon things
being served up to the precise moment they were ready. The beeM
bayleaf, and the wine--all must be done to a turn. To keep it waiting
was out of the question. Yet of course tonight, of all nights, out
they went, and they came in late, and things had to be sent out,
things had to be kept hot; the BOEUF EN DAUBE would be entirely spoilt.
Jasper offered her an opal necklace; Rose a gold necklace. Which
looked best against her black dress? Which did indeed, said Mrs. Ramsay
absent-mindedly, looking at her neck and shoulders (but avoiding her
face) in the glass. And then, whM
ile the children rummaged among her
things, she looked out of the window at a sight which always amused
her--the rooks trying to decide which tree to settle on. Every time,
they seemed to change their minds and rose up into the air again,
because, she thought, the old rook, the father rook, old Joseph was her
name for him, was a bird of a very trying and difficult disposition.
He was a disreputable old bird, with half his wing feathers missing.
He was like some seedy old gentleman in a top hat she had seen playing
the horn in front of a public house.
"Look!" she said, laughing. They were actually fighting. Joseph and
Mary were fighting. Anyhow they all went up again, and the air was
shoved aside by their black wings and cut into exquisite scimitar shapes.
The movements of the wings beating out, out, out--she could never
describe it accurately enough to please herself--was one of the
loveliest of all to her. Look at that, she said to Rose, hoping
that Rose would see it more clearly than she could. For one's children
gave one's own perceptions a little thrust forwards.
But which was it to be? They had all the trays of her jewel-case
open. The gold necklace, which was Italian, or the opal necklace,
which Uncle James had brought her from India; or should she wear her
"Choose, dearests, choose," she said, hoping that they would make
But she let them take their time to choose: she let Rose, particularly,
take up this and then that, and hold her jewels against the black
dress, for this little ceremony of choosiM
ng jewels, which was gone
through every night, was what Rose liked best, she knew. She had some
hidden reason of her own for attaching great importance to this
choosing what her mother was to wear. What was the reason, Mrs. Ramsay
wondered, standing still to let her clasp the necklace she had chosen,
divining, through her own past, some deep, some buried, some quite
speechless feeling that one had for one's mother at Rose's age. Like
all feelings felt for oneself, Mrs. Ramsay thought, it made one sad. It
dequate, what one could give in return; and what Rose felt
was quite out of proportion to anything she actually was. And Rose
would grow up; and Rose would suffer, she supposed, with these deep
feelings, and she said she was ready now, and they would go down, and
Jasper, because he was the gentleman, should give her his arm, and
Rose, as she was the lady, should carry her handkerchief (she gave her
the handkerchief), and what else? oh, yes, it might be cold: a shawl.
Choose me a shawl, she said, for that would pleaM
se Rose, who was bound
to suffer so. "There," she said, stopping by the window on the
landing, "there they are again." Joseph had settled on another tree-
top. "Don't you think they mind," she said to Jasper, "having their
wings broken?" Why did he want to shoot poor old Joseph and Mary? He
shuffled a little on the stairs, and felt rebuked, but not seriously,
for she did not understand the fun of shooting birds; and they did not
feel; and being his mother she lived away in another division of the
er liked her stories about Mary and Joseph. She made
him laugh. But how did she know that those were Mary and Joseph? Did
she think the same birds came to the same trees every night? he asked.
But here, suddenly, like all grown-up people, she ceased to pay him the
least attention. She was listening to a clatter in the hall.
"They've come back!" she exclaimed, and at once she felt much more
annoyed with them than relieved. Then she wondered, had it happened?
She would go down and they would tell her--but no. They cM
her anything, with all these people about. So she must go down and
begin dinner and wait. And, like some queen who, finding her people
gathered in the hall, looks down upon them, and descends among them,
and acknowledges their tributes silently, and accepts their devotion
and their prostration before her (Paul did not move a muscle but looked
straight before him as she passed) she went down, and crossed the hall
and bowed her head very slightly, as if she accepted what they could
not say: their tributM
But she stopped. There was a smell of burning. Could they have let the
BOEUF EN DAUBE overboil? she wondered, pray heaven not! when the
great clangour of the gong announced solemnly, authoritatively, that
all those scattered about, in attics, in bedrooms, on little perches of
their own, reading, writing, putting the last smooth to their hair, or
fastening dresses, must leave all that, and the little odds and ends on
their washing-tables and dressing tables, and the novels on the bed-
he diaries which were so private, and assemble in the
dining-room for dinner.
But what have I done with my life? thought Mrs. Ramsay, taking her
place at the head of the table, and looking at all the plates making
white circles on it. "William, sit by me," she said. "Lily," she
said, wearily, "over there." They had that--Paul Rayley and Minta
Doyle--she, only this--an infinitely long table and plates and knives.
At the far end was her husband, sitting down, all in a heap, frowning.
What at? She did not know.M
She did not mind. She could not
understand how she had ever felt any emotion or affection for him. She
had a sense of being past everything, through everything, out of
everything, as she helped the soup, as if there was an eddy--there--
and one could be in it, or one could be out of it, and she was out of
it. It's all come to an end, she thought, while they came in one after
another, Charles Tansley--"Sit there, please," she said--Augustus
Carmichael--and sat down. And meanwhile she waited, passively, for
to answer her, for something to happen. But this is not a
thing, she thought, ladling out soup, that one says.
Raising her eyebrows at the discrepancy--that was what she was
thinking, this was what she was doing--ladling out soup--she felt, more
and more strongly, outside that eddy; or as if a shade had fallen, and,
robbed of colour, she saw things truly. The room (she looked round it)
was very shabby. There was no beauty anywhere. She forebore to look at
Mr. Tansley. Nothing seemed to have merged. They all sat sM
And the whole of the effort of merging and flowing and creating rested
on her. Again she felt, as a fact without hostility, the sterility of
men, for if she did not do it nobody would do it, and so, giving
herself a little shake that one gives a watch that has stopped, the old
familiar pulse began beating, as the watch begins ticking--one, two,
three, one, two, three. And so on and so on, she repeated, listening
to it, sheltering and fostering the still feeble pulse as one might
guard a weak flame with a nM
ews-paper. And so then, she concluded,
addressing herself by bending silently in his direction to William
Bankes--poor man! who had no wife, and no children and dined alone in
lodgings except for tonight; and in pity for him, life being now strong
enough to bear her on again, she began all this business, as a sailor
not without weariness sees the wind fill his sail and yet hardly wants
to be off again and thinks how, had the ship sunk, he would have
whirled round and round and found rest on the floor of the sea.
Did you find your letters? I told them to put them in the hall for
you," she said to William Bankes.
Lily Briscoe watched her drifting into that strange no-man's land where
to follow people is impossible and yet their going inflicts such a
chill on those who watch them that they always try at least to follow
them with their eyes as one follows a fading ship until the sails have
sunk beneath the horizon.
How old she looks, how worn she looks, Lily thought, and how remote.
Then when she turned to William Bankes, smM
iling, it was as if the ship
had turned and the sun had struck its sails again, and Lily thought
with some amusement because she was relieved, Why does she pity him?
For that was the impression she gave, when she told him that his
letters were in the hall. Poor William Bankes, she seemed to be
saying, as if her own weariness had been partly pitying people, and the
life in her, her resolve to live again, had been stirred by pity. And
it was not true, Lily thought; it was one of those misjudgments of hers
to be instinctive and to arise from some need of her own
rather than of other people's. He is not in the least pitiable. He has
his work, Lily said to herself. She remembered, all of a sudden as if
she had found a treasure, that she had her work. In a flash she saw
her picture, and thought, Yes, I shall put the tree further in the
middle; then I shall avoid that awkward space. That's what I shall do.
That's what has been puzzling me. She took up the salt cellar and put
it down again on a flower pattern in the tablM
e-cloth, so as to remind
herself to move the tree.
"It's odd that one scarcely gets anything worth having by post, yet one
always wants one's letters," said Mr. Bankes.
What damned rot they talk, thought Charles Tansley, laying down his
spoon precisely in the middle of his plate, which he had swept clean,
as if, Lily thought (he sat opposite to her with his back to the window
precisely in the middle of view), he were determined to make sure of
his meals. Everything about him had that meagre fixity, that bare
veliness. But nevertheless, the fact remained, it was impossible
to dislike any one if one looked at them. She liked his eyes; they
were blue, deep set, frightening.
"Do you write many letters, Mr. Tansley?" asked Mrs. Ramsay, pitying him
too, Lily supposed; for that was true of Mrs. Ramsay--she pitied men
always as if they lacked something--women never, as if they had
something. He wrote to his mother; otherwise he did not suppose he
wrote one letter a month, said Mr. Tansley, shortly.
For he was not going to taM
lk the sort of rot these condescended to by
these silly women. He had been reading in his room, and now he came
down and it all seemed to him silly, superficial, flimsy. Why did they
dress? He had come down in his ordinary clothes. He had not got any
dress clothes. "One never gets anything worth having by post"--that
was the sort of thing they were always saying. They made men say that
sort of thing. Yes, it was pretty well true, he thought. They never
got anything worth having from one year's end to another. They M
nothing but talk, talk, talk, eat, eat, eat. It was the women's fault.
Women made civilisation impossible with all their "charm," all their
"No going to the Lighthouse tomorrow, Mrs. Ramsay," he said, asserting
himself. He liked her; he admired her; he still thought of the man in
the drain-pipe looking up at her; but he felt it necessary to assert
He was really, Lily Briscoe thought, in spite of his eyes, but then
look at his nose, look at his hands, the most uncharming human being
ever met. Then why did she mind what he said? Women can't
write, women can't paint--what did that matter coming from him, since
clearly it was not true to him but for some reason helpful to him, and
that was why he said it? Why did her whole being bow, like corn under
a wind, and erect itself again from this abasement only with a great
and rather painful effort? She must make it once more. There's the
sprig on the table-cloth; there's my painting; I must move the tree to
the middle; that matters--nothing else. CouM
ld she not hold fast to
that, she asked herself, and not lose her temper, and not argue; and if
she wanted revenge take it by laughing at him?
"Oh, Mr. Tansley," she said, "do take me to the Lighthouse with you. I
She was telling lies he could see. She was saying what she did not
mean to annoy him, for some reason. She was laughing at him. He was in
his old flannel trousers. He had no others. He felt very rough and
isolated and lonely. He knew that she was trying to tease him for some
she didn't want to go to the Lighthouse with him; she despised
him: so did Prue Ramsay; so did they all. But he was not going to be
made a fool of by women, so he turned deliberately in his chair and
looked out of the window and said, all in a jerk, very rudely, it would
be too rough for her tomorrow. She would be sick.
It annoyed him that she should have made him speak like that, with Mrs.
Ramsay listening. If only he could be alone in his room working, he
thought, among his books. That was where he felt at his eM
had never run a penny into debt; he had never cost his father a penny
since he was fifteen; he had helped them at home out of his savings; he
was educating his sister. Still, he wished he had known how to answer
Miss Briscoe properly; he wished it had not come out all in a jerk like
that. "You'd be sick." He wished he could think of something to say to
Mrs. Ramsay, something which would show her that he was not just a dry
prig. That was what they all thought him. He turned to her. But Mrs.
lking about people he had never heard of to William
"Yes, take it away," she said briefly, interrupting what she was saying
to William Bankes to speak to the maid. "It must have been fifteen--
no, twenty years ago--that I last saw her," she was saying, turning
back to him again as if she could not lose a moment of their talk, for
she was absorbed by what they were saying. So he had actually heard
from her this evening! And was Carrie still living at Marlow, and was
everything still the same? Oh, she could M
remember it as if it were
yesterday--on the river, feeling it as if it were yesterday--going on
the river, feeling very cold. But if the Mannings made a plan they
stuck to it. Never should she forget Herbert killing a wasp with a
teaspoon on the bank! And it was still going on, Mrs. Ramsay mused,
gliding like a ghost among the chairs and tables of that drawing-room
on the banks of the Thames where she had been so very, very cold twenty
years ago; but now she went among them like a ghost; and it fascinated
f, while she had changed, that particular day, now become very
still and beautiful, had remained there, all these years. Had Carrie
written to him herself? she asked.
"Yes. She says they're building a new billiard room," he said. No!
No! That was out of the question! Building a new billiard room!
It seemed to her impossible.
Mr. Bankes could not see that there was anything very odd about it.
They were very well off now. Should he give her love to Carrie?
"Oh," said Mrs. Ramsay with a little start, "No," she addeM
that she did not know this Carrie who built a new billiard room. But
how strange, she repeated, to Mr. Bankes's amusement, that they should
be going on there still. For it was extraordinary to think that they
had been capable of going on living all these years when she had not
thought of them more than once all that time. How eventful her own
life had been, during those same years. Yet perhaps Carrie Manning
had not thought about her, either. The thought was strange and
t apart," said Mr. Bankes, feeling, however, some
satisfaction when he thought that after all he knew both the Mannings
and the Ramsays. He had not drifted apart he thought, laying down his
spoon and wiping his clean-shaven lips punctiliously. But perhaps he
was rather unusual, he thought, in this; he never let himself get into
a groove. He had friends in all circles... Mrs. Ramsay had to break
off here to tell the maid something about keeping food hot. That was
why he preferred dining alone. All those interruptionM
Well, thought William Bankes, preserving a demeanour of exquisite
courtesy and merely spreading the fingers of his left hand on the
table-cloth as a mechanic examines a tool beautifully polished and
ready for use in an interval of leisure, such are the sacrifices one's
friends ask of one. It would have hurt her if he had refused to come.
But it was not worth it for him. Looking at his hand he thought that
if he had been alone dinner would have been almost over now; he would
have been free to work. YeM
s, he thought, it is a terrible waste of
time. The children were dropping in still. "I wish one of you would
run up to Roger's room," Mrs. Ramsay was saying. How trifling it all
is, how boring it all is, he thought, compared with the other thing--
work. Here he sat drumming his fingers on the table-cloth when he
might have been--he took a flashing bird's-eye view of his work. What
a waste of time it all was to be sure! Yet, he thought, she is one of
my oldest friends. I am by way of being devoted to her. Yet now, aM
this moment her presence meant absolutely nothing to him: her beauty
meant nothing to him; her sitting with her little boy at the window--
nothing, nothing. He wished only to be alone and to take up that book.
He felt uncomfortable; he felt treacherous, that he could sit by her
side and feel nothing for her. The truth was that he did not enjoy
family life. It was in this sort of state that one asked oneself, What
does one live for? Why, one asked oneself, does one take all these
pains for the human race to go on?M
Is it so very desirable? Are we
attractive as a species? Not so very, he thought, looking at those
rather untidy boys. His favourite, Cam, was in bed, he supposed.
Foolish questions, vain questions, questions one never asked
if one was occupied. Is human life this? Is human life that? One
never had time to think about it. But here he was asking himself that
sort of question, because Mrs. Ramsay was giving orders to servants, and
also because it had struck him, thinking how surprised Mrs. Ramsay was
ning should still exist, that friendships, even the best
of them, are frail things. One drifts apart. He reproached himself
again. He was sitting beside Mrs. Ramsay and he had nothing in the
world to say to her.
"I'm so sorry," said Mrs. Ramsy, turning to him at last. He felt rigid
and barren, like a pair of boots that have been soaked and gone dry so
that you can hardly force your feet into them. Yet he must force his
feet into them. He must make himself talk. Unless he were very
careful, she would find out this M
treachery of his; that he did not care
a straw for her, and that would not be at all pleasant, he thought. So
he bent his head courteously in her direction.
"How you must detest dining in this bear garden," she said, making use,
as she did when she was distracted, of her social manner. So, when
there is a strife of tongues, at some meeting, the chairman, to obtain
unity, suggests that every one shall speak in French. Perhaps it is
bad French; French may not contain the words that express the speaker's
vertheless speaking French imposes some order, some
uniformity. Replying to her in the same language, Mr. Bankes said, "No,
not at all," and Mr. Tansley, who had no knowledge of this language,
even spoke thus in words of one syllable, at once suspected its
insincerity. They did talk nonsense, he thought, the Ramsays; and he
pounced on this fresh instance with joy, making a note which, one of
these days, he would read aloud, to one or two friends. There, in a
society where one could say what one liked he would sarcaM
describe "staying with the Ramsays" and what nonsense they talked. It
was worth while doing it once, he would say; but not again. The women
bored one so, he would say. Of course Ramsay had dished himself by
marrying a beautiful woman and having eight children. It would shape
itself something like that, but now, at this moment, sitting stuck
there with an empty seat beside him, nothing had shaped itself at all.
It was all in scraps and fragments. He felt extremely, even
physically, uncomfortable. He wanted M
somebody to give him a chance of
asserting himself. He wanted it so urgently that he fidgeted in his
chair, looked at this person, then at that person, tried to break into
their talk, opened his mouth and shut it again. They were talking
about the fishing industry. Why did no one ask him his opinion? What
did they know about the fishing industry?
Lily Briscoe knew all that. Sitting opposite him, could she not see,
as in an X-ray photograph, the ribs and thigh bones of the young man's
desire to impress himself, lyiM
ng dark in the mist of his flesh--that
thin mist which convention had laid over his burning desire to break
into the conversation? But, she thought, screwing up her Chinese
eyes, and remembering how he sneered at women, "can't paint, can't
write," why should I help him to relieve himself?
There is a code of behaviour, she knew, whose seventh article (it may
be) says that on occasions of this sort it behoves the woman, whatever
her own occupation might be, to go to the help of the young man
opposite so that he may M
expose and relieve the thigh bones, the ribs,
of his vanity, of his urgent desire to assert himself; as indeed it is
their duty, she reflected, in her old maidenly fairness, to help us,
suppose the Tube were to burst into flames. Then, she thought, I should
certainly expect Mr. Tansley to get me out. But how would it be, she
thought, if neither of us did either of these things? So she sat there
"You're not planning to go to the Lighthouse, are you, Lily," said Mrs.
Ramsay. "Remember poor Mr. Langley; he hM
ad been round the world dozens
of times, but he told me he never suffered as he did when my husband
took him there. Are you a good sailor, Mr. Tansley?" she asked.
Mr. Tansley raised a hammer: swung it high in air; but realising, as it
descended, that he could not smite that butterfly with such an
instrument as this, said only that he had never been sick in his life.
But in that one sentence lay compact, like gunpowder, that his
grandfather was a fisherman; his father a chemist; that he had worked
ely himself; that he was proud of it; that he was
Charles Tansley--a fact that nobody there seemed to realise; but one of
these days every single person would know it. He scowled ahead of him.
He could almost pity these mild cultivated people, who would be blown
sky high, like bales of wool and barrels of apples, one of these days
by the gunpowder that was in him.
"Will you take me, Mr. Tansley?" said Lily, quickly, kindly, for, of
course, if Mrs. Ramsay said to her, as in effect she did, "I am
drowning, my dear, M
in seas of fire. Unless you apply some balm to the
anguish of this hour and say something nice to that young man there,
life will run upon the rocks--indeed I hear the grating and the
growling at this minute. My nerves are taut as fiddle strings.
Another touch and they will snap"--when Mrs. Ramsay said all this, as
the glance in her eyes said it, of course for the hundred and fiftieth
time Lily Briscoe had to renounce the experiment--what happens if one
is not nice to that young man there--and be nice.
turn in her mood correctly--that she was friendly to him
now--he was relieved of his egotism, and told her how he had been
thrown out of a boat when he was a baby; how his father used to fish
him out with a boat-hook; that was how he had learnt to swim. One of
his uncles kept the light on some rock or other off the Scottish coast,
he said. He had been there with him in a storm. This was said loudly
in a pause. They had to listen to him when he said that he had been
with his uncle in a lighthouse in a storm. Ah, thM
as the conversation took this auspicious turn, and she felt Mrs.
Ramsay's gratitude (for Mrs. Ramsay was free now to talk for a moment
herself), ah, she thought, but what haven't I paid to get it for you?
She had not been sincere.
She had done the usual trick--been nice. She would never know him. He
would never know her. Human relations were all like that, she thought,
and the worst (if it had not been for Mr. Bankes) were between men and
women. Inevitably these were extremely insincere she thoM
her eye caught the salt cellar, which she had placed there to remind
her, and she remembered that next morning she would move the tree
further towards the middle, and her spirits rose so high at the thought
of painting tomorrow that she laughed out loud at what Mr. Tansley was
saying. Let him talk all night if he liked it.
"But how long do they leave men on a Lighthouse?" she asked. He told
her. He was amazingly well informed. And as he was grateful, and as
he liked her, and as he was beginning to enjoyM
himself, so now, Mrs.
Ramsay thought, she could return to that dream land, that unreal but
fascinating place, the Mannings' drawing-room at Marlow twenty years
ago; where one moved about without haste or anxiety, for there was no
future to worry about. She knew what had happened to them, what to
her. It was like reading a good book again, for she knew the end of
that story, since it had happened twenty years ago, and life, which
shot down even from this dining-room table in cascades, heaven knows
up there, and lay, like a lake, placidly between its
banks. He said they had built a billiard room--was it possible?
Would William go on talking about the Mannings? She wanted him to.
But, no--for some reason he was no longer in the mood. She tried.
He did not respond. She could not force him. She was disappointed.
"The children are disgraceful," she said, sighing. He said something
about punctuality being one of the minor virtues which we do not
acquire until later in life.
"If at all," said Mrs. Ramsay merely M
to fill up space, thinking what an
old maid William was becoming. Conscious of his treachery, conscious
of her wish to talk about something more intimate, yet out of mood for
it at present, he felt come over him the disagreeableness of life,
sitting there, waiting. Perhaps the others were saying something
interesting? What were they saying?
That the fishing season was bad; that the men were emigrating. They
were talking about wages and unemployment. The young man was abusing
the government. William Bankes, thinkinM
g what a relief it was to catch
on to something of this sort when private life was disagreeable, heard
him say something about "one of the most scandalous acts of the present
government." Lily was listening; Mrs. Ramsay was listening; they were
all listening. But already bored, Lily felt that something was lacking;
Mr. Bankes felt that something was lacking. Pulling her shawl round her
Mrs. Ramsay felt that something was lacking. All of them bending
themselves to listen thought, "Pray heaven that the inside of my mM
may not be exposed," for each thought, "The others are feeling this.
They are outraged and indignant with the government about the
fishermen. Whereas, I feel nothing at all." But perhaps, thought Mr.
Bankes, as he looked at Mr. Tansley, here is the man. One was always
waiting for the man. There was always a chance. At any moment the
leader might arise; the man of genius, in politics as in anything else.
Probably he will be extremely disagreeable to us old fogies, thought Mr.
Bankes, doing his best to make allowM
ances, for he knew by some curious
physical sensation, as of nerves erect in his spine, that he was
jealous, for himself partly, partly more probably for his work, for his
point of view, for his science; and therefore he was not entirely open-
minded or altogether fair, for Mr. Tansley seemed to be saying, You have
wasted your lives. You are all of you wrong. Poor old fogies, you're
hopelessly behind the times. He seemed to be rather cocksure, this
young man; and his manners were bad. But Mr. Bankes bade himself
serve, he had courage; he had ability; he was extremely well up in
the facts. Probably, Mr. Bankes thought, as Tansley abused the
government, there is a good deal in what he says.
"Tell me now..." he said. So they argued about politics, and Lily
looked at the leaf on the table-cloth; and Mrs. Ramsay, leaving the
argument entirely in the hands of the two men, wondered why she was so
bored by this talk, and wished, looking at her husband at the other end
of the table, that he would say something. One word, she said M
herself. For if he said a thing, it would make all the difference. He
went to the heart of things. He cared about fishermen and their wages.
He could not sleep for thinking of them. It was altogether different
when he spoke; one did not feel then, pray heaven you don't see how
little I care, because one did care. Then, realising that it was because
she admired him so much that she was waiting for him to speak, she
felt as if somebody had been praising her husband to her and their
marriage, and she glowed all oveM
r withiut realising that it was
she herself who had praised him. She looked at him thinking to find
this in his face; he would be looking magnificent... But not in the
least! He was screwing his face up, he was scowling and frowning, and
flushing with anger. What on earth was it about? she wondered. What
could be the matter? Only that poor old Augustus had asked for
another plate of soup--that was all. It was unthinkable, it was
detestable (so he signalled to her across the table) that Augustus
should be beginning M
his soup over again. He loathed people eating when
he had finished. She saw his anger fly like a pack of hounds into his
eyes, his brow, and she knew that in a moment something violent would
explode, and then--thank goodness! she saw him clutch himself and clap
a brake on the wheel, and the whole of his body seemed to emit sparks
but not words. He sat there scowling. He had said nothing, he would
have her observe. Let her give him the credit for that! But why
after all should poor Augustus not ask for another plateM
had merely touched Ellen's arm and said:
"Ellen, please, another plate of soup," and then Mr. Ramsay scowled like
And why not? Mrs. Ramsay demanded. Surely they could let Augustus have
his soup if he wanted it. He hated people wallowing in food, Mr. Ramsay
frowned at her. He hated everything dragging on for hours like this.
But he had controlled himself, Mr. Ramsay would have her observe,
disgusting though the sight was. But why show it so plainly, Mrs.
Ramsay demanded (they looked at each otheM
r down the long table sending
these questions and answers across, each knowing exactly what the other
felt). Everybody could see, Mrs. Ramsay thought. There was Rose gazing
at her father, there was Roger gazing at his father; both would be off
in spasms of laughter in another second, she knew, and so she said
promptly (indeed it was time):
"Light the candles," and they jumped up instantly and went and fumbled
Why could he never conceal his feelings? Mrs. Ramsay wondered, and she
stus Carmichael had noticed. Perhaps he had; perhaps
he had not. She could not help respecting the composure with which he
sat there, drinking his soup. If he wanted soup, he asked for soup.
Whether people laughed at him or were angry with him he was the same.
He did not like her, she knew that; but partly for that very reason she
respected him, and looking at him, drinking soup, very large and calm
in the failing light, and monumental, and contemplative, she wondered
what he did feel then, and why he was always coM
ntent and dignified; and
she thought how devoted he was to Andrew, and would call him into his
room, and Andrew said, "show him things." And there he would lie all
day long on the lawn brooding presumably over his poetry, till he
reminded one of a cat watching birds, and then he clapped his paws
together when he had found the word, and her husband said, "Poor old
Augustus--he's a true poet," which was high praise from her husband.
Now eight candles were stood down the table, and after the first stoop
ood upright and drew with them into visibility the long
table entire, and in the middle a yellow and purple dish of fruit. What
had she done with it, Mrs. Ramsay wondered, for Rose's arrangement of
the grapes and pears, of the horny pink-lined shell, of the bananas,
made her think of a trophy fetched from the bottom of the sea, of
Neptune's banquet, of the bunch that hangs with vine leaves over the
shoulder of Bacchus (in some picture), among the leopard skins and the
torches lolloping red and gold... Thus brought M
up suddenly into the
light it seemed possessed of great size and depth, was like a world in
which one could take one's staff and climb hills, she thought, and go
down into valleys, and to her pleasure (for it brought them into
sympathy momentarily) she saw that Augustus too feasted his eyes on the
same plate of fruit, plunged in, broke off a bloom there, a tassel
here, and returned, after feasting, to his hive. That was his way of
looking, different from hers. But looking together united them.
Now all the candles M
were lit up, and the faces on both sides of the
table were brought nearer by the candle light, and composed, as they
had not been in the twilight, into a party round a table, for the night
was now shut off by panes of glass, which, far from giving any accurate
view of the outside world, rippled it so strangely that here, inside
the room, seemed to be order and dry land; there, outside, a reflection
in which things waved and vanished, waterily.
Some change at once went through them all, as if this had really
ed, and they were all conscious of making a party together in a
hollow, on an island; had their common cause against that fluidity out
there. Mrs. Ramsay, who had been uneasy, waiting for Paul and Minta to
come in, and unable, she felt, to settle to things, now felt her
uneasiness changed to expectation. For now they must come, and Lily
Briscoe, trying to analyse the cause of the sudden exhilaration,
compared it with that moment on the tennis lawn, when solidity suddenly
vanished, and such vast spaces lay between tM
hem; and now the same
effect was got by the many candles in the sparely furnished room, and
the uncurtained windows, and the bright mask-like look of faces seen by
candlelight. Some weight was taken off them; anything might happen,
she felt. They must come now, Mrs. Ramsay thought, looking at the door,
and at that instant, Minta Doyle, Paul Rayley, and a maid carrying a
great dish in her hands came in together. They were awfully late; they
were horribly late, Minta said, as they found their way to different
"I lost my brooch--my grandmother's brooch," said Minta with a sound of
lamentation in her voice, and a suffusion in her large brown eyes,
looking down, looking up, as she sat by Mr. Ramsay, which roused his
chivalry so that he bantered her.
How could she be such a goose, he asked, as to scramble about the rocks
She was by way of being terrified of him--he was so fearfully clever,
and the first night when she had sat by him, and he talked about George
Eliot, she had been really frightened,M
for she had left the third
volume of MIDDLEMARCH in the train and she never knew what happened in
the end; but afterwards she got on perfectly, and made herself out even
more ignorant than she was, because he liked telling her she was a
fool. And so tonight, directly he laughed at her, she was not
frightened. Besides, she knew, directly she came into the room that the
miracle had happened; she wore her golden haze. Sometimes she had it;
sometimes not. She never knew why it came or why it went, or if she
il she came into the room and then she knew instantly by the
way some man looked at her. Yes, tonight she had it, tremendously; she
knew that by the way Mr. Ramsay told her not to be a fool. She sat
beside him, smiling.
It must have happened then, thought Mrs. Ramsay; they are engaged. And
for a moment she felt what she had never expected to feel again--
jealousy. For he, her husband, felt it too--Minta's glow; he liked
these girls, these golden-reddish girls, with something flying,
something a little wild and harM
um-scarum about them, who didn't
"scrape their hair off," weren't, as he said about poor Lily Briscoe,
"skimpy". There was some quality which she herself had not, some
lustre, some richness, which attracted him, amused him, led him to make
favourites of girls like Minta. They might cut his hair from him,
plait him watch-chains, or interrupt him at his work, hailing him (she
heard them), "Come along, Mr. Ramsay; it's our turn to beat them now,"
and out he came to play tennis.
But indeed she was not jealous, only, nM
ow and then, when she made
herself look in her glass, a little resentful that she had grown old,
perhaps, by her own fault. (The bill for the greenhouse and all the
rest of it.) She was grateful to them for laughing at him. ("How many
pipes have you smoked today, Mr. Ramsay?" and so on), till he seemed a
young man; a man very attractive to women, not burdened, not weighed
down with the greatness of his labours and the sorrows of the world and
his fame or his failure, but again as she had first known him, gaunt
gallant; helping her out of a boat, she remembered; with delightful
ways, like that (she looked at him, and he looked astonishingly young,
teasing Minta). For herself--"Put it down there," she said, helping
the Swiss girl to place gently before her the huge brown pot in which
was the BOEUF EN DAUBE--for her own part, she liked her boobies. Paul
must sit by her. She had kept a place for him. Really, she sometimes
thought she liked the boobies best. They did not bother one with their
dissertations. How much they missM
ed, after all, these very clever men!
How dried up they did become, to be sure. There was something, she
thought as he sat down, very charming about Paul. His manners were
delightful to her, and his sharp cut nose and his bright blue eyes. He
was so considerate. Would he tell her--now that they were all talking
again--what had happened?
"We went back to look for Minta's brooch," he said, sitting down by
her. "We"--that was enough. She knew from the effort, the rise in his
voice to surmount a difficult word that itM
was the first time he had
said "we." "We did this, we did that." They'll say that all their
lives, she thought, and an exquisite scent of olives and oil and juice
rose from the great brown dish as Marthe, with a little flourish, took
the cover off. The cook had spent three days over that dish. And she
must take great care, Mrs. Ramsay thought, diving into the soft mass, to
choose a specially tender piece for William Bankes. And she peered into
the dish, with its shiny walls and its confusion of savoury brown and
ellow meats and its bay leaves and its wine, and thought, This will
celebrate the occasion--a curious sense rising in her, at once freakish
and tender, of celebrating a festival, as if two emotions were called
up in her, one profound--for what could be more serious than the love
of man for woman, what more commanding, more impressive, bearing in its
bosom the seeds of death; at the same time these lovers, these people
entering into illusion glittering eyed, must be danced round with
mockery, decorated with garlandsM
"It is a triumph," said Mr. Bankes, laying his knife down for a moment.
He had eaten attentively. It was rich; it was tender. It was perfectly
cooked. How did she manage these things in the depths of the country?
he asked her. She was a wonderful woman. All his love, all his
reverence, had returned; and she knew it.
"It is a French recipe of my grandmother's," said Mrs. Ramsay, speaking
with a ring of great pleasure in her voice. Of course it was French.
What passes for cookery in England is an abomination (theM
is putting cabbages in water. It is roasting meat till it is like
leather. It is cutting off the delicious skins of vegetables. "In
which," said Mr. Bankes, "all the virtue of the vegetable is contained."
And the waste, said Mrs. Ramsay. A whole French family could live on
what an English cook throws away. Spurred on by her sense that
William's affection had come back to her, and that everything was all
right again, and that her suspense was over, and that now she was free
both to triumph and to mock,M
she laughed, she gesticulated, till Lily
thought, How childlike, how absurd she was, sitting up there with all
her beauty opened again in her, talking about the skins of vegetables.
There was something frightening about her. She was irresistible.
Always she got her own way in the end, Lily thought. Now she had
brought this off--Paul and Minta, one might suppose, were engaged. Mr.
Bankes was dining here. She put a spell on them all, by wishing, so
simply, so directly, and Lily contrasted that abundance with her ownM
poverty of spirit, and supposed that it was partly that belief (for her
face was all lit up--without looking young, she looked radiant) in this
strange, this terrifying thing, which made Paul Rayley, sitting at her
side, all of a tremor, yet abstract, absorbed, silent. Mrs. Ramsay,
Lily felt, as she talked about the skins of vegetables, exalted that,
worshipped that; held her hands over it to warm them, to protect it,
and yet, having brought it all about, somehow laughed, led her victims,
Lily felt, to the altar. M
It came over her too now--the emotion, the
vibration, of love. How inconspicuous she felt herself by Paul's side!
He, glowing, burning; she, aloof, satirical; he, bound for adventure;
she, moored to the shore; he, launched, incautious; she solitary,
left out--and, ready to implore a share, if it were a disaster, in
his disaster, she said shyly:
"When did Minta lose her brooch?"
He smiled the most exquisite smile, veiled by memory, tinged by dreams.
He shook his head. "On the beach," he said.
"I'm going to find iM
t," he said, "I'm getting up early." This being
kept secret from Minta, he lowered his voice, and turned his eyes to
where she sat, laughing, beside Mr. Ramsay.
Lily wanted to protest violently and outrageously her desire to help
him, envisaging how in the dawn on the beach she would be the one to
pounce on the brooch half-hidden by some stone, and thus herself be
included among the sailors and adventurers. But what did he reply to
her offer? She actually said with an emotion that she seldom let
me with you," and he laughed. He meant yes or no--
either perhaps. But it was not his meaning--it was the odd chuckle
he gave, as if he had said, Throw yourself over the cliff if you like,
I don't care. He turned on her cheek the heat of love, its horror, its
cruelty, its unscrupulosity. It scorched her, and Lily, looking at
Minta, being charming to Mr. Ramsay at the other end of the table,
flinched for her exposed to these fangs, and was thankful. For at any
rate, she said to herself, catching sight of the salt ceM
pattern, she need not marry, thank Heaven: she need not undergo that
degradation. She was saved from that dilution. She would move the tree
rather more to the middle.
Such was the complexity of things. For what happened to her,
especially staying with the Ramsays, was to be made to feel violently
two opposite things at the same time; that's what you feel, was one;
that's what I feel, was the other, and then they fought together in her
mind, as now. It is so beautiful, so exciting, this love, that I
mble on the verge of it, and offer, quite out of my own habit, to
look for a brooch on a beach; also it is the stupidest, the most
barbaric of human passions, and turns a nice young man with a profile
like a gem's (Paul's was exquisite) into a bully with a crowbar (he
was swaggering, he was insolent) in the Mile End Road. Yet, she said to
herself, from the dawn of time odes have been sung to love; wreaths
heaped and roses; and if you asked nine people out of ten they would
say they wanted nothing but this--love; whM
ile the women, judging from
her own experience, would all the time be feeling, This is not what we
want; there is nothing more tedious, puerile, and inhumane than this;
yet it is also beautiful and necessary. Well then, well then? she
asked, somehow expecting the others to go on with the argument, as if
in an argument like this one threw one's own little bolt which fell
short obviously and left the others to carry it on. So she listened
again to what they were saying in case they should throw any light upon
"Then," said Mr. Bankes, "there is that liquid the English call coffee."
"Oh, coffee!" said Mrs. Ramsay. But it was much rather a question (she
was thoroughly roused, Lily could see, and talked very emphatically) of
real butter and clean milk. Speaking with warmth and eloquence, she
described the iniquity of the English dairy system, and in what state
milk was delivered at the door, and was about to prove her charges, for
she had gone into the matter, when all round the table, beginning with
in the middle, like a fire leaping from tuft to tuft of furze,
her children laughed; her husband laughed; she was laughed at, fire-
encircled, and forced to veil her crest, dismount her batteries, and
only retaliate by displaying the raillery and ridicule of the table
to Mr. Bankes as an example of what one suffered if one attacked the
prejudices of the British Public.
Purposely, however, for she had it on her mind that Lily, who had
helped her with Mr. Tansley, was out of things, she exempted her from
said "Lily anyhow agrees with me," and so drew her in, a
little fluttered, a little startled. (For she was thinking about
love.) They were both out of things, Mrs. Ramsay had been thinking,
both Lily and Charles Tansley. Both suffered from the glow of the
other two. He, it was clear, felt himself utterly in the cold; no
woman would look at him with Paul Rayley in the room. Poor fellow!
Still, he had his dissertation, the influence of somebody upon
something: he could take care of himself. With Lily it was differentM
She faded, under Minta's glow; became more inconspicuous than ever, in
her little grey dress with her little puckered face and her little
Chinese eyes. Everything about her was so small. Yet, thought Mrs.
Ramsay, comparing her with Minta, as she claimed her help (for Lily
should bear her out she talked no more about her dairies than her
husband did about his boots--he would talk by the hour about his boots)
of the two, Lily at forty will be the better. There was in Lily a
thread of something; a flare of somethingM
; something of her own which
Mrs. Ramsay liked very much indeed, but no man would, she feared.
Obviously, not, unless it were a much older man, like William Bankes.
But then he cared, well, Mrs. Ramsay sometimes thought that he cared,
since his wife's death, perhaps for her. He was not "in love" of
course; it was one of those unclassified affections of which there are
so many. Oh, but nonsense, she thought; William must marry Lily. They
have so many things in common. Lily is so fond of flowers. They are
nd aloof and rather self-sufficing. She must arrange for
them to take a long walk together.
Foolishly, she had set them opposite each other. That could be remedied
tomorrow. If it were fine, they should go for a picnic. Everything
seemed possible. Everything seemed right. Just now (but this cannot
last, she thought, dissociating herself from the moment while they were
all talking about boots) just now she had reached security; she hovered
like a hawk suspended; like a flag floated in an element of joy which
every nerve of her body fully and sweetly, not noisily, solemnly
rather, for it arose, she thought, looking at them all eating there,
from husband and children and friends; all of which rising in this
profound stillness (she was helping William Bankes to one very small
piece more, and peered into the depths of the earthenware pot) seemed
now for no special reason to stay there like a smoke, like a fume
rising upwards, holding them safe together. Nothing need be said;
nothing could be said. There it was, all round M
them. It partook, she
felt, carefully helping Mr. Bankes to a specially tender piece, of
eternity; as she had already felt about something different once before
that afternoon; there is a coherence in things, a stability; something,
she meant, is immune from change, and shines out (she glanced at the
window with its ripple of reflected lights) in the face of the flowing,
the fleeting, the spectral, like a ruby; so that again tonight she had
the feeling she had had once today, already, of peace, of rest. Of
ents, she thought, the thing is made that endures.
"Yes," she assured William Bankes, "there is plenty for everybody."
"Andrew," she said, "hold your plate lower, or I shall spill it." (The
BOEUF EN DAUBE was a perfect triumph.) Here, she felt, putting the
spoon down, where one could move or rest; could wait now (they were all
helped) listening; could then, like a hawk which lapses suddenly from
its high station, flaunt and sink on laughter easily, resting her whole
weight upon what at the other end of the table M
her husband was saying
about the square root of one thousand two hundred and fifty-three.
That was the number, it seemed, on his watch.
What did it all mean? To this day she had no notion. A square root?
What was that? Her sons knew. She leant on them; on cubes and square
roots; that was what they were talking about now; on Voltaire and
Madame de Stael; on the character of Napoleon; on the French system of
land tenure; on Lord Rosebery; on Creevey's Memoirs: she let it uphold
her and sustain her, this admirable faM
bric of the masculine
intelligence, which ran up and down, crossed this way and that, like
iron girders spanning the swaying fabric, upholding the world, so that
she could trust herself to it utterly, even shut her eyes, or flicker
them for a moment, as a child staring up from its pillow winks at the
myriad layers of the leaves of a tree. Then she woke up. It was still
being fabricated. William Bankes was praising the Waverly novels.
He read one of them every six months, he said. And why should that make
ansley angry? He rushed in (all, thought Mrs. Ramsay, because
Prue will not be nice to him) and denounced the Waverly novels when he
knew nothing about it, nothing about it whatsoever, Mrs. Ramsay thought,
observing him rather than listening to what he said. She could see how
it was from his manner--he wanted to assert himself, and so it would
always be with him till he got his Professorship or married his wife,
and so need not be always saying, "I--I--I." For that was what his
criticism of poor Sir Walter, or perhM
aps it was Jane Austen, amounted
to. "I---I---I." He was thinking of himself and the impression he
was making, as she could tell by the sound of his voice, and his
emphasis and his uneasiness. Success would be good for him. At any
rate they were off again. Now she need not listen. It could not last,
she knew, but at the moment her eyes were so clear that they seemed to
go round the table unveiling each of these people, and their thoughts
and their feelings, without effort like a light stealing under water so
ts ripples and the reeds in it and the minnows balancing
themselves, and the sudden silent trout are all lit up hanging,
trembling. So she saw them; she heard them; but whatever they said had
also this quality, as if what they said was like the movement of a
trout when, at the same time, one can see the ripple and the gravel,
something to the right, something to the left; and the whole is held
together; for whereas in active life she would be netting and
separating one thing from another; she would be saying she liM
Waverly novels or had not read them; she would be urging herself
forward; now she said nothing. For the moment, she hung suspended.
"Ah, but how long do you think it'll last?" said somebody. It was as
if she had antennae trembling out from her, which, intercepting certain
sentences, forced them upon her attention. This was one of them. She
scented danger for her husband. A question like that would lead,
almost certainly, to something being said which reminded him of his own
failure. How long would he be reM
ad--he would think at once. William
Bankes (who was entirely free from all such vanity) laughed, and said
he attached no importance to changes in fashion. Who could tell what
was going to last--in literature or indeed in anything else?
"Let us enjoy what we do enjoy," he said. His integrity seemed to Mrs.
Ramsay quite admirable. He never seemed for a moment to think, But how
does this affect me? But then if you had the other temperament, which
must have praise, which must have encouragement, naturally you began
nd she knew that Mr. Ramsay was beginning) to be uneasy; to want
somebody to say, Oh, but your work will last, Mr. Ramsay, or something
like that. He showed his uneasiness quite clearly now by saying, with
some irritation, that, anyhow, Scott (or was it Shakespeare ?) would
last him his lifetime. He said it irritably. Everybody, she thought,
felt a little uncomfortable, without knowing why. Then Minta Doyle,
whose instinct was fine, said bluffly, absurdly, that she did not
believe that any one really enjoyed readinM
g Shakespeare. Mr. Ramsay
said grimly (but his mind was turned away again) that very few people
liked it as much as they said they did. But, he added, there is
considerable merit in some of the plays nevertheless, and Mrs. Ramsay
saw that it would be all right for the moment anyhow; he would laugh at
Minta, and she, Mrs. Ramsay saw, realising his extreme anxiety about
himself, would, in her own way, see that he was taken care of, and
praise him, somehow or other. But she wished it was not necessary:
her fault that it was necessary. Anyhow, she was free
now to listen to what Paul Rayley was trying to say about books one had
read as a boy. They lasted, he said. He had read some of Tolstoi at
school. There was one he always remembered, but he had forgotten the
name. Russian names were impossible, said Mrs. Ramsay. "Vronsky," said
Paul. He remembered that because he always thought it such a good name
for a villain. "Vronsky," said Mrs. Ramsay; "Oh, ANNA KARENINA," but
that did not take them very far; books were noM
t in their line. No,
Charles Tansley would put them both right in a second about books, but
it was all so mixed up with, Am I saying the right thing? Am I making
a good impression? that, after all, one knew more about him than
about Tolstoi, whereas, what Paul said was about the thing, simply, not
himself, nothing else. Like all stupid people, he had a kind of
modesty too, a consideration for what you were feeling, which, once in
a way at least, she found attractive. Now he was thinking, not about
Tolstoi, but whether she was cold, whether she felt a
draught, whether she would like a pear.
No, she said, she did not want a pear. Indeed she had been keeping
guard over the dish of fruit (without realising it) jealously, hoping
that nobody would touch it. Her eyes had been going in and out among
the curves and shadows of the fruit, among the rich purples of the
lowland grapes, then over the horny ridge of the shell, putting a
yellow against a purple, a curved shape against a round shape, without
e did it, or why, every time she did it, she felt more
and more serene; until, oh, what a pity that they should do it--a hand
reached out, took a pear, and spoilt the whole thing. In sympathy she
looked at Rose. She looked at Rose sitting between Jasper and Prue.
How odd that one's child should do that!
How odd to see them sitting there, in a row, her children, Jasper,
Rose, Prue, Andrew, almost silent, but with some joke of their own
going on, she guessed, from the twitching at their lips. It was
apart from everything else, something they were
hoarding up to laugh over in their own room. It was not about their
father, she hoped. No, she thought not. What was it, she wondered,
sadly rather, for it seemed to her that they would laugh when she was
not there. There was all that hoarded behind those rather set, still,
mask-like faces, for they did not join in easily; they were like
watchers, surveyors, a little raised or set apart from the grown-up
people. But when she looked at Prue tonight, she saw that this M
not now quite true of her. She was just beginning, just moving,
just descending. The faintest light was on her face, as if the
glow of Minta opposite, some excitement, some anticipation of happiness
was reflected in her, as if the sun of the love of men and women rose
over the rim of the table-cloth, and without knowing what it was she
bent towards it and greeted it. She kept looking at Minta, shyly, yet
curiously, so that Mrs. Ramsay looked from one to the other and said,
speaking to Prue in her own mind, You M
will be as happy as she is one of
these days. You will be much happier, she added, because you are my
daughter, she meant; her own daughter must be happier than other
people's daughters. But dinner was over. It was time to go. They
were only playing with things on their plates. She would wait until
they had done laughing at some story her husband was telling. He was
having a joke with Minta about a bet. Then she would get up.
She liked Charles Tansley, she thought, suddenly; she liked his laugh.
being so angry with Paul and Minta. She liked his
awkwardness. There was a lot in that young man after all. And Lily,
she thought, putting her napkin beside her plate, she always has some
joke of her own. One need never bother about Lily. She waited. She
tucked her napkin under the edge of her plate. Well, were they done
now? No. That story had led to another story. Her husband was in
great spirits tonight, and wishing, she supposed, to make it all right
with old Augustus after that scene about the soup, had drawn M
they were telling stories about some one they had both known at
college. She looked at the window in which the candle flames burnt
brighter now that the panes were black, and looking at that outside
the voices came to her very strangely, as if they were voices at a
service in a cathedral, for she did not listen to the words. The
sudden bursts of laughter and then one voice (Minta's) speaking
alone, reminded her of men and boys crying out the Latin words
of a service in some Roman Catholic cathedral. She waM
husband spoke. He was repeating something, and she knew it was poetry
from the rhythm and the ring of exultation, and melancholy in his
Come out and climb the garden path, Luriana Lurilee.
The China rose is all abloom and buzzing with the yellow bee.
The words (she was looking at the window) sounded as if they were
floating like flowers on water out there, cut off from them all, as if
no one had said them, but they had come into existence of themselves.
And all the lives we ever lived and all tM
Are full of trees and changing leaves.
She did not know what they meant, but, like music, the words seemed to
be spoken by her own voice, outside her self, saying quite easily and
naturally what had been in her mind the whole evening while she said
different things. She knew, without looking round, that every one at
the table was listening to the voice saying:
I wonder if it seems to you, Luriana, Lurilee
with the same sort of relief and pleasure that she had, as if this
were, at last, the naturaM
l thing to say, this were their own voice
But the voice had stopped. She looked round. She made herself get up.
Augustus Carmichael had risen and, holding his table napkin so that it
looked like a long white robe he stood chanting:
To see the Kings go riding by
Over lawn and daisy lea
With their palm leaves and cedar
and as she passed him, he turned slightly towards her repeating the
and bowed to her as if he did her homage. Without knowing why, she
that he liked her better than he ever had done before; and with a
feeling of relief and gratitude she returned his bow and passed through
the door which he held open for her.
It was necessary now to carry everything a step further. With her foot
on the threshold she waited a moment longer in a scene which was
vanishing even as she looked, and then, as she moved and took Minta's
arm and left the room, it changed, it shaped itself differently; it had
become, she knew, giving one last look at it over her shoulder, aM
As usual, Lily thought. There was always something that had to be done
at that precise moment, something that Mrs. Ramsay had decided for
reasons of her own to do instantly, it might be with every one standing
about making jokes, as now, not being able to decide whether they were
going into the smoking-room, into the drawing-room, up to the attics.
Then one saw Mrs. Ramsay in the midst of this hubbub standing there with
Minta's arm in hers, bethink her, "Yes, it is time for that now," and
make off at once with an air of secrecy to do something alone. And
directly she went a sort of disintegration set in; they wavered about,
went different ways, Mr. Bankes took Charles Tansley by the arm and went
off to finish on the terrace the discussion they had begun at dinner
about politics, thus giving a turn to the whole poise of the evening,
making the weight fall in a different direction, as if, Lily thought,
seeing them go, and hearing a word or two about the policy of the
Labour Party, they had gone up onM
to the bridge of the ship and were
taking their bearings; the change from poetry to politics struck her
like that; so Mr. Bankes and Charles Mrs. Ramsay going upstairs in the
lamplight alone. Where, Lily wondered, was she going so quickly?
Not that she did in fact run or hurry; she went indeed rather slowly.
She felt rather inclined just for a moment to stand still after all
that chatter, and pick out one particular thing; the thing that
mattered; to detach it; separate it off; clean it of all the emotions
ds and ends of things, and so hold it before her, and bring it to
the tribunal where, ranged about in conclave, sat the judges she had
set up to decide these things. Is it good, is it bad, is it right or
wrong? Where are we all going to? and so on. So she righted
herself after the shock of the event, and quite unconsciously and
incongruously, used the branches of the elm trees outside to help her
to stabilise her position. Her world was changing: they were still.
The event had given her a sense of movement. All musM
She must get that right and that right, she thought, insensibly
approving of the dignity of the trees' stillness, and now again of the
superb upward rise (like the beak of a ship up a wave) of the elm
branches as the wind raised them. For it was windy (she stood a moment
to look out). It was windy, so that the leaves now and then brushed
open a star, and the stars themselves seemed to be shaking and darting
light and trying to flash out between the edges of the leaves. Yes,
that was done then, accompM
lished; and as with all things done, became
solemn. Now one thought of it, cleared of chatter and emotion, it
seemed always to have been, only was shown now and so being shown,
struck everything into stability. They would, she thought, going on
again, however long they lived, come back to this night; this moon;
this wind; this house: and to her too. It flattered her, where she was
most susceptible of flattery, to think how, wound about in their
hearts, however long they lived she would be woven; and this, and this,M
and this, she thought, going upstairs, laughing, but affectionately, at
the sofa on the landing (her mother's); at the rocking-chair (her
father's); at the map of the Hebrides. All that would be revived again
in the lives of Paul and Minta; "the Rayleys"--she tried the new name
over; and she felt, with her hand on the nursery door, that community
of feeling with other people which emotion gives as if the walls of
partition had become so thin that practically (the feeling was one of
relief and happiness) it was allM
one stream, and chairs, tables, maps,
were hers, were theirs, it did not matter whose, and Paul and Minta
would carry it on when she was dead.
She turned the handle, firmly, lest it should squeak, and went in,
pursing her lips slightly, as if to remind herself that she must not
speak aloud. But directly she came in she saw, with annoyance, that the
precaution was not needed. The children were not asleep. It was most
annoying. Mildred should be more careful. There was James wide awake
and Cam sitting bolt upright,M
and Mildred out of bed in her bare feet,
and it was almost eleven and they were all talking. What was the
matter? It was that horrid skull again. She had told Mildred to move
it, but Mildred, of course, had forgotten, and now there was Cam wide
awake, and James wide awake quarreling when they ought to have been
asleep hours ago. What had possessed Edward to send them this horrid
skull? She had been so foolish as to let them nail it up there. It
was nailed fast, Mildred said, and Cam couldn't go to sleep with it inM
the room, and James screamed if she touched it.
Then Cam must go to sleep (it had great horns said Cam)--must go to
sleep and dream of lovely palaces, said Mrs. Ramsay, sitting down
on the bed by her side. She could see the horns, Cam said, all over
the room. It was true. Wherever they put the light (and James could
not sleep without a light) there was always a shadow somewhere.
"But think, Cam, it's only an old pig," said Mrs. Ramsay, "a nice black
pig like the pigs at the farm." But Cam thought it was a horridM
branching at her all over the room.
"Well then," said Mrs. Ramsay, "we will cover it up," and they all
watched her go to the chest of drawers, and open the little drawers
quickly one after another, and not seeing anything that would do, she
quickly took her own shawl off and wound it round the skull, round and
round and round, and then she came back to Cam and laid her head almost
flat on the pillow beside Cam's and said how lovely it looked now; how
the fairies would love it; it was like a bird's nest; itM
beautiful mountain such as she had seen abroad, with valleys and
flowers and bells ringing and birds singing and little goats and
antelopes and... She could see the words echoing as she spoke them
rhythmically in Cam's mind, and Cam was repeating after her how it was
like a mountain, a bird's nest, a garden, and there were little
antelopes, and her eyes were opening and shutting, and Mrs. Ramsay went
on speaking still more monotonously, and more rhythmically and more
nonsensically, how she must shut herM
eyes and go to sleep and dream of
mountains and valleys and stars falling and parrots and antelopes and
gardens, and everything lovely, she said, raising her head very slowly
and speaking more and more mechanically, until she sat upright and saw
that Cam was asleep.
Now, she whispered, crossing over to his bed, James must go to sleep
too, for see, she said, the boar's skull was still there; they had not
touched it; they had done just what he wanted; it was there quite
unhurt. He made sure that the skull was stillM
there under the shawl.
But he wanted to ask her something more. Would they go to the Lighthouse
No, not tomorrow, she said, but soon, she promised him; the next fine
day. He was very good. He lay down. She covered him up. But he
would never forget, she knew, and she felt angry with Charles Tansley,
with her husband, and with herself, for she had raised his hopes. Then
feeling for her shawl and remembering that she had wrapped it round the
boar's skull, she got up, and pulled the window down another inchM
two, and heard the wind, and got a breath of the perfectly indifferent
chill night air and murmured good night to Mildred and left the room
and let the tongue of the door slowly lengthen in the lock and went
She hoped he would not bang his books on the floor above their heads,
she thought, still thinking how annoying Charles Tansley was. For
neither of them slept well; they were excitable children, and since he
said things like that about the Lighthouse, it seemed to her likely
that he would knock a pile M
of books over, just as they were going to
sleep, clumsily sweeping them off the table with his elbow. For she
supposed that he had gone upstairs to work. Yet he looked so desolate;
yet she would feel relieved when he went; yet she would see that he was
better treated tomorrow; yet he was admirable with her husband; yet his
manners certainly wanted improving; yet she liked his laugh--thinking
this, as she came downstairs, she noticed that she could now see the
moon itself through the staircase window--the yellow harM
and turned, and they saw her, standing above them on the stairs.
"That's my mother," thought Prue. Yes; Minta should look at her; Paul
Rayley should look at her. That is the thing itself, she felt, as if
there were only one person like that in the world; her mother. And,
from having been quite grown up, a moment before, talking with the
others, she became a child again, and what they had been doing was a
game, and would her mother sanction their game, or condemn it, she
wondered. And thinking what a chM
ance it was for Minta and Paul and
Lily to see her, and feeling what an extraordinary stroke of fortune it
was for her, to have her, and how she would never grow up and never
leave home, she said, like a child, "We thought of going down to the
beach to watch the waves."
Instantly, for no reason at all, Mrs. Ramsay became like a girl of
twenty, full of gaiety. A mood of revelry suddenly took possession of
her. Of course they must go; of course they must go, she cried,
laughing; and running down the last three or foM
ur steps quickly, she
began turning from one to the other and laughing and drawing Minta's
wrap round her and saying she only wished she could come too, and would
they be very late, and had any of them got a watch?
"Yes, Paul has," said Minta. Paul slipped a beautiful gold watch out
of a little wash-leather case to show her. And as he held it in the
palm of his hand before her, he felt, "She knows all about it. I need
not say anything." He was saying to her as he showed her the watch,
"I've done it, Mrs. Ramsay. IM
owe it all to you." And seeing the gold
watch lying in his hand, Mrs. Ramsay felt, How extraordinarily lucky
Minta is! She is marrying a man who has a gold watch in a wash-
"How I wish I could come with you!" she cried. But she was withheld by
something so strong that she never even thought of asking herself what
it was. Of course it was impossible for her to go with them. But she
would have liked to go, had it not been for the other thing, and
tickled by the absurdity of her thought (how lucky to maM
with a wash-leather bag for his watch) she went with a smile on her
lips into the other room, where her husband sat reading.
Of course, she said to herself, coming into the room, she had to come
here to get something she wanted. First she wanted to sit down in a
particular chair under a particular lamp. But she wanted something
more, though she did not know, could not think what it was that she
wanted. She looked at her husband (taking up her stocking and
beginning to knit), and saw that he did notM
want to be interrupted--
that was clear. He was reading something that moved him very much. He
was half smiling and then she knew he was controlling his emotion. He
was tossing the pages over. He was acting it--perhaps he was
thinking himself the person in the book. She wondered what book it was.
Oh, it was one of old Sir Walter's she saw, adjusting the shade of her
lamp so that the light fell on her knitting. For Charles Tansley had
been saying (she looked up as if she expected to hear the crash of
loor above), had been saying that people don't read Scott
any more. Then her husband thought, "That's what they'll say of me;"
so he went and got one of those books. And if he came to the
conclusion "That's true" what Charles Tansley said, he would accept it
about Scott. (She could see that he was weighing, considering, putting
this with that as he read.) But not about himself. He was always
uneasy about himself. That troubled her. He would always be worrying
about his own books--will they be read, are they good, wM
better, what do people think of me? Not liking to think of him so,
and wondering if they had guessed at dinner why he suddenly became
irritable when they talked about fame and books lasting, wondering if
the children were laughing at that, she twitched the stockings out, and
all the fine gravings came drawn with steel instruments about her lips
and forehead, and she grew still like a tree which has been tossing and
quivering and now, when the breeze falls, settles, leaf by leaf, into
t matter, any of it, she thought. A great man, a great book,
fame--who could tell? She knew nothing about it. But it was his way
with him, his truthfulness--for instance at dinner she had been
thinking quite instinctively, If only he would speak! She had complete
trust in him. And dismissing all this, as one passes in diving now a
weed, now a straw, now a bubble, she felt again, sinking deeper, as she
had felt in the hall when the others were talking, There is something I
want--something I have come to get, and sheM
fell deeper and deeper
without knowing quite what it was, with her eyes closed. And she
waited a little, knitting, wondering, and slowly rose those words they
had said at dinner, "the China rose is all abloom and buzzing with the
honey bee," began washing from side to side of her mind rhythmically,
and as they washed, words, like little shaded lights, one red, one
blue, one yellow, lit up in the dark of her mind, and seemed leaving
their perches up there to fly across and across, or to cry out and to
she turned and felt on the table beside her for a book.
And all the lives we ever lived
And all the lives to be,
Are full of trees and changing leaves,
she murmured, sticking her needles into the stocking. And she opened
the book and began reading here and there at random, and as she did so,
she felt that she was climbing backwards, upwards, shoving her way up
under petals that curved over her, so that she only knew this is white,
or this is red. She did not know at first what the words meant at all.
hither steer your winged pines, all beaten Mariners
she read and turned the page, swinging herself, zigzagging this way and
that, from one line to another as from one branch to another, from one
red and white flower to another, until a little sound roused her--her
husband slapping his thighs. Their eyes met for a second; but they did
not want to speak to each other. They had nothing to say, but
something seemed, nevertheless, to go from him to her. It was the
life, it was the power of it, it was the tremendous huM
that made him slap his thighs. Don't interrupt me, he seemed to be
saying, don't say anything; just sit there. And he went on reading.
His lips twitched. It filled him. It fortified him. He clean forgot
all the little rubs and digs of the evening, and how it bored him
unutterably to sit still while people ate and drank interminably, and
his being so irritable with his wife and so touchy and minding when
they passed his books over as if they didn't exist at all. But now, he
felt, it didn't matter a dM
amn who reached Z (if thought ran like an
alphabet from A to Z). Somebody would reach it--if not he, then
another. This man's strength and sanity, his feeling for straight
forward simple things, these fishermen, the poor old crazed creature in
Mucklebackit's cottage made him feel so vigorous, so relieved of
something that he felt roused and triumphant and could not choke back
his tears. Raising the book a little to hide his face, he let them
fall and shook his head from side to side and forgot himself completely
ut not one or two reflections about morality and French novels and
English novels and Scott's hands being tied but his view perhaps being
as true as the other view), forgot his own bothers and failures
completely in poor Steenie's drowning and Mucklebackit's sorrow (that
was Scott at his best) and the astonishing delight and feeling of
vigour that it gave him.
Well, let them improve upon that, he thought as he finished the
chapter. He felt that he had been arguing with somebody, and had got
the better of him. TheyM
could not improve upon that, whatever they
might say; and his own position became more secure. The lovers were
fiddlesticks, he thought, collecting it all in his mind again. That's
fiddlesticks, that's first-rate, he thought, putting one thing beside
another. But he must read it again. He could not remember the whole
shape of the thing. He had to keep his judgement in suspense. So he
returned to the other thought--if young men did not care for this,
naturally they did not care for him either. One ought not to compM
thought Mr. Ramsay, trying to stifle his desire to complain to his wife
that young men did not admire him. But he was determined; he would not
bother her again. Here he looked at her reading. She looked very
peaceful, reading. He liked to think that every one had taken
themselves off and that he and she were alone. The whole of life did
not consist in going to bed with a woman, he thought, returning to
Scott and Balzac, to the English novel and the French novel.
Mrs. Ramsay raised her head and like a person M
in a light sleep seemed to
say that if he wanted her to wake she would, she really would, but
otherwise, might she go on sleeping, just a little longer, just a
little longer? She was climbing up those branches, this way and that,
laying hands on one flower and then another.
Nor praise the deep vermilion in the rose,
she read, and so reading she was ascending, she felt, on to the top,
on to the summit. How satisfying! How restful! All the odds and ends
of the day stuck to this magnet; her mind felt swept, felt cM
then there it was, suddenly entire; she held it in her hands, beautiful
and reasonable, clear and complete, here--the sonnet.
But she was becoming conscious of her husband looking at her. He was
smiling at her, quizzically, as if he were ridiculing her gently for
being asleep in broad daylight, but at the same time he was thinking,
Go on reading. You don't look sad now, he thought. And he wondered
what she was reading, and exaggerated her ignorance, her simplicity,
for he liked to think that she was not M
clever, not book-learned at all.
He wondered if she understood what she was reading. Probably not, he
thought. She was astonishingly beautiful. Her beauty seemed to him,
if that were possible, to increase
Yet seem'd it winter still, and, you away,
As with your shadow I with these did play,
"Well?" she said, echoing his smile dreamily, looking up from her book.
As with your shadow I with these did play,
she murmured, putting the book on the table.
What had happened, she wondered, as she took M
up her knitting, since she
had seen him alone? She remembered dressing, and seeing the moon;
Andrew holding his plate too high at dinner; being depressed by
something William had said; the birds in the trees; the sofa on the
landing; the children being awake; Charles Tansley waking them with his
books falling--oh, no, that she had invented; and Paul having a wash-
leather case for his watch. Which should she tell him about?
"They're engaged," she said, beginning to knit, "Paul and Minta."
"So I guessed," he said.M
There was nothing very much to be said about
it. Her mind was still going up and down, up and down with the poetry;
he was still feeling very vigorous, very forthright, after reading
about Steenie's funeral. So they sat silent. Then she became aware
that she wanted him to say something.
Anything, anything, she thought, going on with her knitting. Anything
"How nice it would be to marry a man with a wash-leather bag for his
watch," she said, for that was the sort of joke they had together.
e felt about this engagement as he always felt about any
engagement; the girl is much too good for that young man. Slowly it
came into her head, why is it then that one wants people to marry?
What was the value, the meaning of things? (Every word they said now
would be true.) Do say something, she thought, wishing only to hear his
voice. For the shadow, the thing folding them in was beginning, she
felt, to close round her again. Say anything, she begged, looking at
him, as if for help.
He was silent, swinging the M
compass on his watch-chain to and fro, and
thinking of Scott's novels and Balzac's novels. But through the
crepuscular walls of their intimacy, for they were drawing together,
involuntarily, coming side by side, quite close, she could feel his
mind like a raised hand shadowing her mind; and he was beginning, now
that her thoughts took a turn he disliked--towards this "pessimism" as
he called it--to fidget, though he said nothing, raising his hand to
his forehead, twisting a lock of hair, letting it fall again.
u won't finish that stocking tonight," he said, pointing to her
stocking. That was what she wanted--the asperity in his voice
reproving her. If he says it's wrong to be pessimistic probably it is
wrong, she thought; the marriage will turn out all right.
"No," she said, flattening the stocking out upon her knee, "I shan't
And what then? For she felt that he was still looking at her, but that
his look had changed. He wanted something--wanted the thing she always
found it so difficult to give him; wantedM
her to tell him that she
loved him. And that, no, she could not do. He found talking so much
easier than she did. He could say things--she never could. So
naturally it was always he that said the things, and then for some
reason he would mind this suddenly, and would reproach her. A
heartless woman he called her; she never told him that she loved him.
But it was not so--it was not so. It was only that she never could say
what she felt. Was there no crumb on his coat? Nothing she could do
for him? Getting up, she sM
tood at the window with the reddish-brown
stocking in her hands, partly to turn away from him, partly because she
remembered how beautiful it often is--the sea at night. But she knew
that he had turned his head as she turned; he was watching her. She
knew that he was thinking, You are more beautiful than ever. And she
felt herself very beautiful. Will you not tell me just for once that
you love me? He was thinking that, for he was roused, what with Minta
and his book, and its being the end of the day and their haviM
quarrelled about going to the Lighthouse. But she could not do it; she
could not say it. Then, knowing that he was watching her, instead of
saying anything she turned, holding her stocking, and looked at him.
And as she looked at him she began to smile, for though she had not
said a word, he knew, of course he knew, that she loved him. He could
not deny it. And smiling she looked out of the window and said
(thinking to herself, Nothing on earth can equal this happiness)--
"Yes, you were right. It's going to be M
wet tomorrow. You won't be able
to go." And she looked at him smiling. For she had triumphed again.
She had not said it: yet he knew.
"Well, we must wait for the future to show," said Mr. Bankes, coming in
"It's almost too dark to see," said Andrew, coming up from the beach.
"One can hardly tell which is the sea and which is the land," said
"Do we leave that light burning?" said Lily as they took their coats
"No," said Prue, "not if every one's in."
ndrew," she called back, "just put out the light in the hall."
One by one the lamps were all extinguished, except that Mr. Carmichael,
who liked to lie awake a little reading Virgil, kept his candle burning
rather longer than the rest.
So with the lamps all put out, the moon sunk, and a thin rain drumming
on the roof a downpouring of immense darkness began. Nothing, it
seemed, could survive the flood, the profusion of darkness which,
creeping in at keyholes and crevices, stole round window blinds, came
bedrooms, swallowed up here a jug and basin, there a bowl of red
and yellow dahlias, there the sharp edges and firm bulk of a chest of
drawers. Not only was furniture confounded; there was scarcely
anything left of body or mind by which one could say, "This is he" or
"This is she." Sometimes a hand was raised as if to clutch something or
ward off something, or somebody groaned, or somebody laughed aloud as
if sharing a joke with nothingness.
Nothing stirred in the drawing-room or in the dining-room or on the
case. Only through the rusty hinges and swollen sea-moistened
woodwork certain airs, detached from the body of the wind (the house
was ramshackle after all) crept round corners and ventured indoors.
Almost one might imagine them, as they entered the drawing-room
questioning and wondering, toying with the flap of hanging wall-paper,
asking, would it hang much longer, when would it fall? Then smoothly
brushing the walls, they passed on musingly as if asking the red and
yellow roses on the wall-paper whether they woulM
d fade, and questioning
(gently, for there was time at their disposal) the torn letters in
the wastepaper basket, the flowers, the books, all of which were now
open to them and asking, Were they allies? Were they enemies? How
long would they endure?
So some random light directing them with its pale footfall upon stair
and mat, from some uncovered star, or wandering ship, or the Lighthouse
even, with its pale footfall upon stair and mat, the little airs
mounted the staircase and nosed round bedroom doors. But here M
they must cease. Whatever else may perish and disappear, what lies here
is steadfast. Here one might say to those sliding lights, those
fumbling airs that breathe and bend over the bed itself, here you can
neither touch nor destroy. Upon which, wearily, ghostlily, as if they
had feather-light fingers and the light persistency of feathers, they
would look, once, on the shut eyes, and the loosely clasping fingers,
and fold their garments wearily and disappear. And so, nosing,
rubbing, they went to the window M
on the staircase, to the servants'
bedrooms, to the boxes in the attics; descending, blanched the apples
on the dining-room table, fumbled the petals of roses, tried the
picture on the easel, brushed the mat and blew a little sand along the
floor. At length, desisting, all ceased together, gathered together,
all sighed together; all together gave off an aimless gust of
lamentation to which some door in the kitchen replied; swung wide;
admitted nothing; and slammed to.
[Here Mr. Carmichael, who was reading Virgil, M
blew out his candle. It
But what after all is one night? A short space, especially when the
darkness dims so soon, and so soon a bird sings, a cock crows, or a
faint green quickens, like a turning leaf, in the hollow of the wave.
Night, however, succeeds to night. The winter holds a pack of them in
store and deals them equally, evenly, with indefatigable fingers.
They lengthen; they darken. Some of them hold aloft clear planets,
plates of brightness. The autumn trees, ravaged as they are, M
on the flash of tattered flags kindling in the gloom of cool
cathedral caves where gold letters on marble pages describe death in
battle and how bones bleach and burn far away in Indian sands. The
autumn trees gleam in the yellow moonlight, in the light of harvest
moons, the light which mellows the energy of labour, and smooths the
stubble, and brings the wave lapping blue to the shore.
It seemed now as if, touched by human penitence and all its toil,
divine goodness had parted the curtain and displayed behinM
distinct, the hare erect; the wave falling; the boat rocking; which,
did we deserve them, should be ours always. But alas, divine goodness,
twitching the cord, draws the curtain; it does not please him; he
covers his treasures in a drench of hail, and so breaks them, so
confuses them that it seems impossible that their calm should ever
return or that we should ever compose from their fragments a perfect
whole or read in the littered pieces the clear words of truth. For our
penitence deserves a glimpseM
only; our toil respite only.
The nights now are full of wind and destruction; the trees plunge and
bend and their leaves fly helter skelter until the lawn is plastered
with them and they lie packed in gutters and choke rain pipes and
scatter damp paths. Also the sea tosses itself and breaks itself, and
should any sleeper fancying that he might find on the beach an answer
to his doubts, a sharer of his solitude, throw off his bedclothes and
go down by himself to walk on the sand, no image with semblance of
and divine promptitude comes readily to hand bringing the night
to order and making the world reflect the compass of the soul. The
hand dwindles in his hand; the voice bellows in his ear. Almost it
would appear that it is useless in such confusion to ask the night
those questions as to what, and why, and wherefore, which tempt the
sleeper from his bed to seek an answer.
[Mr. Ramsay, stumbling along a passage one dark morning, stretched his
arms out, but Mrs. Ramsay having died rather suddenly the night before,
s arms, though stretched out, remained empty.]]
So with the house empty and the doors locked and the mattresses rolled
round, those stray airs, advance guards of great armies, blustered in,
brushed bare boards, nibbled and fanned, met nothing in bedroom or
drawing-room that wholly resisted them but only hangings that flapped,
wood that creaked, the bare legs of tables, saucepans and china already
furred, tarnished, cracked. What people had shed and left--a pair of
shoes, a shooting cap, some faded skirts and M
coats in wardrobes--those
alone kept the human shape and in the emptiness indicated how once they
were filled and animated; how once hands were busy with hooks and
buttons; how once the looking-glass had held a face; had held a world
hollowed out in which a figure turned, a hand flashed, the door opened,
in came children rushing and tumbling; and went out again. Now, day
after day, light turned, like a flower reflected in water, its sharp
image on the wall opposite. Only the shadows of the trees, flourishing
wind, made obeisance on the wall, and for a moment darkened the
pool in which light reflected itself; or birds, flying, made a soft
spot flutter slowly across the bedroom floor.
So loveliness reigned and stillness, and together made the shape of
loveliness itself, a form from which life had parted; solitary like a
pool at evening, far distant, seen from a train window, vanishing so
quickly that the pool, pale in the evening, is scarcely robbed of its
solitude, though once seen. Loveliness and stillness clasped haM
the bedroom, and among the shrouded jugs and sheeted chairs even the
prying of the wind, and the soft nose of the clammy sea airs, rubbing,
snuffling, iterating, and reiterating their questions--"Will you fade?
Will you perish?"--scarcely disturbed the peace, the indifference, the
air of pure integrity, as if the question they asked scarcely needed
that they should answer: we remain.
Nothing it seemed could break that image, corrupt that innocence, or
disturb the swaying mantle of silence which, week after M
empty room, wove into itself the falling cries of birds, ships hooting,
the drone and hum of the fields, a dog's bark, a man's shout, and
folded them round the house in silence. Once only a board sprang on
the landing; once in the middle of the night with a roar, with a
rupture, as after centuries of quiescence, a rock rends itself from the
mountain and hurtles crashing into the valley, one fold of the shawl
loosened and swung to and fro. Then again peace descended; and the
shadow wavered; light bent tM
o its own image in adoration on the bedroom
wall; and Mrs. McNab, tearing the veil of silence with hands that had
stood in the wash-tub, grinding it with boots that had crunched the
shingle, came as directed to open all windows, and dust the bedrooms.
As she lurched (for she rolled like a ship at sea) and leered (for her
eyes fell on nothing directly, but with a sidelong glance that
deprecated the scorn and anger of the world--she was witless, she knew
it), as she clutched the banisters and hauled herself upsM
rolled from room to room, she sang. Rubbing the glass of the long
looking-glass and leering sideways at her swinging figure a sound
issued from her lips--something that had been gay twenty years before
on the stage perhaps, had been hummed and danced to, but now,
coming from the toothless, bonneted, care-taking woman, was robbed
of meaning, was like the voice of witlessness, humour, persistency
itself, trodden down but springing up again, so that as she
lurched, dusting, wiping, she seemed to say how it wM
and trouble, how it was getting up and going to bed again, and bringing
things out and putting them away again. It was not easy or snug this
world she had known for close on seventy years. Bowed down she was
with weariness. How long, she asked, creaking and groaning on her
knees under the bed, dusting the boards, how long shall it endure? but
hobbled to her feet again, pulled herself up, and again with her
sidelong leer which slipped and turned aside even from her own face,
and her own sorrows, sM
tood and gaped in the glass, aimlessly smiling,
and began again the old amble and hobble, taking up mats, putting down
china, looking sideways in the glass, as if, after all, she had her
consolations, as if indeed there twined about her dirge some
incorrigible hope. Visions of joy there must have been at the wash-
tub, say with her children (yet two had been base-born and one had
deserted her), at the public-house, drinking; turning over scraps in
her drawers. Some cleavage of the dark there must have been, some
annel in the depths of obscurity through which light enough issued to
twist her face grinning in the glass and make her, turning to her job
again, mumble out the old music hall song. The mystic, the visionary,
walking the beach on a fine night, stirring a puddle, looking at a
stone, asking themselves "What am I," "What is this?" had suddenly an
answer vouchsafed them: (they could not say what it was) so that they
were warm in the frost and had comfort in the desert. But Mrs. McNab
continued to drink and gossip as bM
The Spring without a leaf to toss, bare and bright like a virgin fierce
in her chastity, scornful in her purity, was laid out on fields wide-
eyed and watchful and entirely careless of what was done or thought by
the beholders. [Prue Ramsay, leaning on her father's arm, was given in
marriage. What, people said, could have been more fitting? And, they
added, how beautiful she looked!]
As summer neared, as the evenings lengthened, there came to the
wakeful, the hopeful, walking the beach, stirring the pM
imaginations of the strangest kind--of flesh turned to atoms which
drove before the wind, of stars flashing in their hearts, of cliff,
sea, cloud, and sky brought purposely together to assemble outwardly
the scattered parts of the vision within. In those mirrors, the minds
of men, in those pools of uneasy water, in which clouds for ever turn
and shadows form, dreams persisted, and it was impossible to resist the
strange intimation which every gull, flower, tree, man and woman, and
the white earth itself seemedM
to declare (but if questioned at once to
withdraw) that good triumphs, happiness prevails, order rules; or to
resist the extraordinary stimulus to range hither and thither in search
of some absolute good, some crystal of intensity, remote from the known
pleasures and familiar virtues, something alien to the processes of
domestic life, single, hard, bright, like a diamond in the sand, which
would render the possessor secure. Moreover, softened and acquiescent,
the spring with her bees humming and gnats dancing threM
about her, veiled her eyes, averted her head, and among passing shadows
and flights of small rain seemed to have taken upon her a knowledge of
the sorrows of mankind.
[Prue Ramsay died that summer in some illness connected with
childbirth, which was indeed a tragedy, people said, everything, they
said, had promised so well.]
And now in the heat of summer the wind sent its spies about the house
again. Flies wove a web in the sunny rooms; weeds that had grown close
to the glass in the night tapped methoM
dically at the window pane. When
darkness fell, the stroke of the Lighthouse, which had laid itself with
such authority upon the carpet in the darkness, tracing its pattern,
came now in the softer light of spring mixed with moonlight gliding
gently as if it laid its caress and lingered steathily and looked and
came lovingly again. But in the very lull of this loving caress, as
the long stroke leant upon the bed, the rock was rent asunder; another
fold of the shawl loosened; there it hung, and swayed. Through the
ort summer nights and the long summer days, when the empty rooms
seemed to murmur with the echoes of the fields and the hum of flies,
the long streamer waved gently, swayed aimlessly; while the sun so
striped and barred the rooms and filled them with yellow haze that Mrs.
McNab, when she broke in and lurched about, dusting, sweeping, looked
like a tropical fish oaring its way through sun-lanced waters.
But slumber and sleep though it might there came later in the summer
ominous sounds like the measured blows of haM
mmers dulled on felt,
which, with their repeated shocks still further loosened the shawl and
cracked the tea-cups. Now and again some glass tinkled in the cupboard
as if a giant voice had shrieked so loud in its agony that tumblers
stood inside a cupboard vibrated too. Then again silence fell; and
then, night after night, and sometimes in plain mid-day when the roses
were bright and light turned on the wall its shape clearly there seemed
to drop into this silence, this indifference, this integrity, the thud
[A shell exploded. Twenty or thirty young men were blown up in France,
among them Andrew Ramsay, whose death, mercifully, was instantaneous.]
At that season those who had gone down to pace the beach and ask of the
sea and sky what message they reported or what vision they affirmed had
to consider among the usual tokens of divine bounty--the sunset on
the sea, the pallor of dawn, the moon rising, fishing-boats against the
moon, and children making mud pies or pelting each other with handfuls
s, something out of harmony with this jocundity and this
serenity. There was the silent apparition of an ashen-coloured ship
for instance, come, gone; there was a purplish stain upon the bland
surface of the sea as if something had boiled and bled, invisibly,
beneath. This intrusion into a scene calculated to stir the most
sublime reflections and lead to the most comfortable conclusions stayed
their pacing. It was difficult blandly to overlook them; to abolish
their significance in the landscape; to continue, as onM
sea, to marvel how beauty outside mirrored beauty within.
Did Nature supplement what man advanced? Did she complete what he
began? With equal complacence she saw his misery, his meanness, and
his torture. That dream, of sharing, completing, of finding in
solitude on the beach an answer, was then but a reflection in a mirror,
and the mirror itself was but the surface glassiness which forms in
quiescence when the nobler powers sleep beneath? Impatient, despairing
yet loth to go (for beauty offers herM
lures, has her consolations), to
pace the beach was impossible; contemplation was unendurable; the
[Mr. Carmichael brought out a volume of poems that spring, which had an
unexpected success. The war, people said, had revived their interest
Night after night, summer and winter, the torment of storms, the arrow-
like stillness of fine (had there been any one to listen) from the
upper rooms of the empty house only gigantic chaos streaked with
lightning could have been heard tumblM
ing and tossing, as the winds and
waves disported themselves like the amorphous bulks of leviathans whose
brows are pierced by no light of reason, and mounted one on top of
another, and lunged and plunged in the darkness or the daylight (for
night and day, month and year ran shapelessly together) in idiot games,
until it seemed as if the universe were battling and tumbling, in brute
confusion and wanton lust aimlessly by itself.
In spring the garden urns, casually filled with wind-blown plants, were
iolets came and daffodils. But the stillness and the
brightness of the day were as strange as the chaos and tumult of night,
with the trees standing there, and the flowers standing there, looking
before them, looking up, yet beholding nothing, eyeless, and so
Thinking no harm, for the family would not come, never again, some
said, and the house would be sold at Michaelmas perhaps, Mrs. McNab
stooped and picked a bunch of flowers to take home with her. She laid
them on the table while she dusted. SheM
was fond of flowers. It was a
pity to let them waste. Suppose the house were sold (she stood arms
akimbo in front of the looking-glass) it would want seeing to--it
would. There it had stood all these years without a soul in it. The
books and things were mouldy, for, what with the war and help being
hard to get, the house had not been cleaned as she could have wished.
It was beyond one person's strength to get it straight now. She was
too old. Her legs pained her. All those books needed to be laid out
in the sun; there was plaster fallen in the hall; the
rain-pipe had blocked over the study window and let the water in;
the carpet was ruined quite. But people should come themselves;
they should have sent somebody down to see. For there were clothes
in the cupboards; they had left clothes in all the bedrooms. What
was she to do with them? They had the moth in them--Mrs. Ramsay's
things. Poor lady! She would never want THEM again. She was dead,
they said; years ago, in London. There was the old grey cloak she wore
gardening (Mrs. McNab fingered it). She could see her, as she came up
the drive with the washing, stooping over her flowers (the garden was a
pitiful sight now, all run to riot, and rabbits scuttling at you out of
the beds)--she could see her with one of the children by her in that
grey cloak. There were boots and shoes; and a brush and comb left on
the dressing-table, for all the world as if she expected to come back
tomorrow. (She had died very sudden at the end, they said.) And once
they had been coming, but hadM
put off coming, what with the war, and
travel being so difficult these days; they had never come all these
years; just sent her money; but never wrote, never came, and expected
to find things as they had left them, ah, dear! Why the dressing-table
drawers were full of things (she pulled them open), handkerchiefs, bits
of ribbon. Yes, she could see Mrs. Ramsay as she came up the drive with
"Good-evening, Mrs. McNab," she would say.
She had a pleasant way with her. The girls all liked her. But, dear,
many things had changed since then (she shut the drawer); many families
had lost their dearest. So she was dead; and Mr. Andrew killed; and
Miss Prue dead too, they said, with her first baby; but everyone had
lost some one these years. Prices had gone up shamefully, and didn't
come down again neither. She could well remember her in her grey
"Good-evening, Mrs. McNab," she said, and told cook to keep a plate of
milk soup for her--quite thought she wanted it, carrying that heavy
basket all the way up from towM
n. She could see her now, stooping over
her flowers; and faint and flickering, like a yellow beam or the circle
at the end of a telescope, a lady in a grey cloak, stooping over her
flowers, went wandering over the bedroom wall, up the dressing-table,
across the wash-stand, as Mrs. McNab hobbled and ambled, dusting,
straightening. And cook's name now? Mildred? Marian?--some name like
that. Ah, she had forgotten--she did forget things. Fiery, like all
red-haired women. Many a laugh they had had. She was always welcomM
in the kitchen. She made them laugh, she did. Things were better then
She sighed; there was too much work for one woman. She wagged her head
this side and that. This had been the nursery. Why, it was all damp in
here; the plaster was falling. Whatever did they want to hang a
beast's skull there? gone mouldy too. And rats in all the attics. The
rain came in. But they never sent; never came. Some of the locks had
gone, so the doors banged. She didn't like to be up here at dusk alone
neither. It was too mM
uch for one woman, too much, too much. She
creaked, she moaned. She banged the door. She turned the key in the
lock, and left the house alone, shut up, locked.
The house was left; the house was deserted. It was left like a shell
on a sandhill to fill with dry salt grains now that life had left it.
The long night seemed to have set in; the trifling airs, nibbling, the
clammy breaths, fumbling, seemed to have triumphed. The saucepan had
rusted and the mat decayed. Toads had nosed their way in. Idly,
the swaying shawl swung to and fro. A thistle thrust itself
between the tiles in the larder. The swallows nested in the drawing-
roon; the floor was strewn with straw; the plaster fell in shovelfuls;
rafters were laid bare; rats carried off this and that to gnaw behind
the wainscots. Tortoise-shell butterflies burst from the chrysalis and
pattered their life out on the window-pane. Poppies sowed themselves
among the dahlias; the lawn waved with long grass; giant artichokes
towered among roses; a fringed carnation fM
lowered among the cabbages;
while the gentle tapping of a weed at the window had become, on
winters' nights, a drumming from sturdy trees and thorned briars which
made the whole room green in summer.
What power could now prevent the fertility, the insensibility of
nature? Mrs. McNab's dream of a lady, of a child, of a plate of milk
soup? It had wavered over the walls like a spot of sunlight and
vanished. She had locked the door; she had gone. It was beyond the
strength of one woman, she said. They never sent. TheyM
There were things up there rotting in the drawers--it was a shame to
leave them so, she said. The place was gone to rack and ruin. Only
the Lighthouse beam entered the rooms for a moment, sent its sudden
stare over bed and wall in the darkness of winter, looked with
equanimity at the thistle and the swallow, the rat and the straw.
Nothing now withstood them; nothing said no to them. Let the wind
blow; let the poppy seed itself and the carnation mate with the
cabbage. Let the swallow build in the drawiM
ng-room, and the thistle
thrust aside the tiles, and the butterfly sun itself on the faded
chintz of the arm-chairs. Let the broken glass and the china lie out
on the lawn and be tangled over with grass and wild berries.
For now had come that moment, that hesitation when dawn trembles and
night pauses, when if a feather alight in the scale it will be weighed
down. One feather, and the house, sinking, falling, would have turned
and pitched downwards to the depths of darkness. In the ruined room,
picnickers would haM
ve lit their kettles; lovers sought shelter there,
lying on the bare boards; and the shepherd stored his dinner on the
bricks, and the tramp slept with his coat round him to ward off the
cold. Then the roof would have fallen; briars and hemlocks would have
blotted out path, step and window; would have grown, unequally but
lustily over the mound, until some trespasser, losing his way, could
have told only by a red-hot poker among the nettles, or a scrap of
china in the hemlock, that here once some one had lived; theM
If the feather had fallen, if it had tipped the scale downwards, the
whole house would have plunged to the depths to lie upon the sands of
oblivion. But there was a force working; something not highly
conscious; something that leered, something that lurched; something not
inspired to go about its work with dignified ritual or solemn chanting.
Mrs. McNab groaned; Mrs. Bast creaked. They were old; they were stiff;
their legs ached. They came with their brooms and pails at last; they
All of a sudden, would Mrs. McNab see that the house was
ready, one of the young ladies wrote: would she get this done; would
she get that done; all in a hurry. They might be coming for the
summer; had left everything to the last; expected to find things as
they had left them. Slowly and painfully, with broom and pail,
mopping, scouring, Mrs. McNab, Mrs. Bast, stayed the corruption and the
rot; rescued from the pool of Time that was fast closing over them now
a basin, now a cupboard; fetched up from oblivion all tM
novels and a tea-set one morning; in the afternoon restored to sun and
air a brass fender and a set of steel fire-irons. George, Mrs. Bast's
son, caught the rats, and cut the grass. They had the builders.
Attended with the creaking of hinges and the screeching of bolts, the
slamming and banging of damp-swollen woodwork, some rusty laborious
birth seemed to be taking place, as the women, stooping, rising,
groaning, singing, slapped and slammed, upstairs now, now down in the
cellars. Oh, they said, the woM
They drank their tea in the bedroom sometimes, or in the study;
breaking off work at mid-day with the smudge on their faces, and their
old hands clasped and cramped with the broom handles. Flopped on
chairs, they contemplated now the magnificent conquest over taps and
bath; now the more arduous, more partial triumph over long rows of
books, black as ravens once, now white-stained, breeding pale mushrooms
and secreting furtive spiders. Once more, as she felt the tea warm in
her, the telescope fitted itself to MM
rs. McNab's eyes, and in a ring of
light she saw the old gentleman, lean as a rake, wagging his head, as
she came up with the washing, talking to himself, she supposed, on the
lawn. He never noticed her. Some said he was dead; some said she was
dead. Which was it? Mrs. Bast didn't know for certain either. The
young gentleman was dead. That she was sure. She had read his name in
There was the cook now, Mildred, Marian, some such name as that--a red-
headed woman, quick-tempered like all her sort, but kiM
knew the way with her. Many a laugh they had had together. She saved a
plate of soup for Maggie; a bite of ham, sometimes; whatever was over.
They lived well in those days. They had everything they wanted
(glibly, jovially, with the tea hot in her, she unwound her ball of
memories, sitting in the wicker arm-chair by the nursery fender).
There was always plenty doing, people in the house, twenty staying
sometimes, and washing up till long past midnight.
Mrs. Bast (she had never known them; had livedM
in Glasgow at that time)
wondered, putting her cup down, whatever they hung that beast's skull
there for? Shot in foreign parts no doubt.
It might well be, said Mrs. McNab, wantoning on with her memories; they
had friends in eastern countries; gentlemen staying there, ladies in
evening dress; she had seen them once through the dining-room door all
sitting at dinner. Twenty she dared say all in their jewellery, and
she asked to stay help wash up, might be till after midnight.
Ah, said Mrs. Bast, they'd find it chM
anged. She leant out of the
window. She watched her son George scything the grass. They might
well ask, what had been done to it? seeing how old Kennedy was
supposed to have charge of it, and then his leg got so bad after he
fell from the cart; and perhaps then no one for a year, or the better
part of one; and then Davie Macdonald, and seeds might be sent, but who
should say if they were ever planted? They'd find it changed.
She watched her son scything. He was a great one for work--one of
those quiet ones. Well tM
hey must be getting along with the cupboards,
she supposed. They hauled themselves up.
At last, after days of labour within, of cutting and digging without,
dusters were flicked from the windows, the windows were shut to, keys
were turned all over the house; the front door was banged; it was
And now as if the cleaning and the scrubbing and the scything and the
mowing had drowned it there rose that half-heard melody, that
intermittent music which the ear half catches but lets fall; a bark, a
ular, intermittent, yet somehow related; the hum of an
insect, the tremor of cut grass, disevered yet somehow belonging; the
jar of a dorbeetle, the squeak of a wheel, loud, low, but mysteriously
related; which the ear strains to bring together and is always on the
verge of harmonising, but they are never quite heard, never fully
harmonised, and at last, in the evening, one after another the sounds
die out, and the harmony falters, and silence falls. With the sunset
sharpness was lost, and like mist rising, quiet rM
the wind settled; loosely the world shook itself down to sleep, darkly
here without a light to it, save what came green suffused through
leaves, or pale on the white flowers in the bed by the window.
[Lily Briscoe had her bag carried up to the house late one evening in
September. Mr. Carmichael came by the same train.]
Then indeed peace had come. Messages of peace breathed from the sea to
the shore. Never to break its sleep any more, to lull it rather more
deeply to rest, and whatever theM
dreamers dreamt holily, dreamt wisely,
to confirm--what else was it murmuring--as Lily Briscoe laid her head
on the pillow in the clean still room and heard the sea. Through the
open window the voice of the beauty of the world came murmuring, too
softly to hear exactly what it said--but what mattered if the meaning
were plain? entreating the sleepers (the house was full again; Mrs.
Beckwith was staying there, also Mr. Carmichael), if they would not
actually come down to the beach itself at least to lift the blind M
look out. They would see then night flowing down in purple; his head
crowned; his sceptre jewelled; and how in his eyes a child might look.
And if they still faltered (Lily was tired out with travelling and
slept almost at once; but Mr. Carmichael read a book by candlelight), if
they still said no, that it was vapour, this splendour of his, and the
dew had more power than he, and they preferred sleeping; gently then
without complaint, or argument, the voice would sing its song. Gently
the waves would break (LilM
y heard them in her sleep); tenderly the
light fell (it seemed to come through her eyelids). And it all looked,
Mr. Carmichael thought, shutting his book, falling asleep, much as it
Indeed the voice might resume, as the curtains of dark wrapped
themselves over the house, over Mrs. Beckwith, Mr. Carmichael, and Lily
Briscoe so that they lay with several folds of blackness on their eyes,
why not accept this, be content with this, acquiesce and resign? The
sigh of all the seas breaking in measure round M
the isles soothed them;
the night wrapped them; nothing broke their sleep, until, the birds
beginning and the dawn weaving their thin voices in to its whiteness, a
cart grinding, a dog somewhere barking, the sun lifted the curtains,
broke the veil on their eyes, and Lily Briscoe stirring in her sleep.
She clutched at her blankets as a faller clutches at the turf on the
edge of a cliff. Her eyes opened wide. Here she was again, she
thought, sitting bold upright in bed. Awake.
n then, what can it all mean? Lily Briscoe asked
herself, wondering whether, since she had been left alone, it behoved
her to go to the kitchen to fetch another cup of coffee or wait here.
What does it mean?--a catchword that was, caught up from some book,
fitting her thought loosely, for she could not, this first morning with
the Ramsays, contract her feelings, could only make a phrase resound to
cover the blankness of her mind until these vapours had shrunk. For
really, what did she feel, come back after all thesM
Ramsay dead? Nothing, nothing--nothing that she could express at all.
She had come late last night when it was all mysterious, dark. Now she
was awake, at her old place at the breakfast table, but alone. It was
very early too, not yet eight. There was this expedition--they were
going to the Lighthouse, Mr. Ramsay, Cam, and James. They should have
gone already--they had to catch the tide or something. And Cam was
not ready and James was not ready and Nancy had forgotten to order the
Mr. Ramsay had lost his temper and banged out of the
"What's the use of going now?" he had stormed.
Nancy had vanished. There he was, marching up and down the terrace in
a rage. One seemed to hear doors slamming and voices calling all over
the house. Now Nancy burst in, and asked, looking round the room, in a
queer half dazed, half desperate way, "What does one send to the
Lighthouse?" as if she were forcing herself to do what she despaired of
ever being able to do.
What does one send to the Lighthouse indM
eed! At any other time Lily
could have suggested reasonably tea, tobacco, newspapers. But this
morning everything seemed so extraordinarily queer that a question like
Nancy's--What does one send to the Lighthouse?--opened doors in one's
mind that went banging and swinging to and fro and made one keep
asking, in a stupefied gape, What does one send? What does one do?
Why is one sitting here, after all?
Sitting alone (for Nancy went out again) among the clean cups at the
long table, she felt cut off from other peoplM
e, and able only to go on
watching, asking, wondering. The house, the place, the morning, all
seemed strangers to her. She had no attachment here, she felt, no
relations with it, anything might happen, and whatever did happen, a
step outside, a voice calling ("It's not in the cupboard; it's on the
landing," some one cried), was a question, as if the link that usually
bound things together had been cut, and they floated up here, down
there, off, anyhow. How aimless it was,, how chaotic, how unreal it
t, looking at her empty coffee cup. Mrs. Ramsay dead;
Andrew killed; Prue dead too--repeat it as she might, it roused no
feeling in her. And we all get together in a house like this on a
morning like this, she said, looking out of the window. It was a
beautiful still day.
Suddenly Mr. Ramsay raised his head as he passed and looked straight at
her, with his distraught wild gaze which was yet so penetrating, as if
he saw you, for one second, for the first time, for ever; and she
pretended to drink out of her emM
pty coffee cup so as to escape him--to
escape his demand on her, to put aside a moment longer that imperious
need. And he shook his head at her, and strode on ("Alone" she heard
him say, "Perished" she heard him say) and like everything else this
strange morning the words became symbols, wrote themselves all over the
grey-green walls. If only she could put them together, she felt, write
them out in some sentence, then she would have got at the truth of
things. Old Mr. Carmichael came padding softly in, fetched his M
took his cup and made off to sit in the sun. The extraordinary
unreality was frightening; but it was also exciting. Going to the
Lighthouse. But what does one send to the Lighthouse? Perished. Alone.
The grey-green light on the wall opposite. The empty places. Such were
some of the parts, but how bring them together? she asked. As if any
interruption would break the frail shape she was building on the table
she turned her back to the window lest Mr. Ramsay should see her. She
must escape somewhere, be aloneM
somewhere. Suddenly she remembered.
When she had sat there last ten years ago there had been a little sprig
or leaf pattern on the table-cloth, which she had looked at in a moment
of revelation. There had been a problem about a foreground of a
picture. Move the tree to the middle, she had said. She had never
finished that picture. She would paint that picture now. It had been
knocking about in her mind all these years. Where were her paints, she
wondered? Her paints, yes. She had left them in the hall last night.
She would start at once. She got up quickly, before Mr. Ramsay turned.
She fetched herself a chair. She pitched her easel with her precise
old-maidish movements on the edge of the lawn, not too close to Mr.
Carmichael, but close enough for his protection. Yes, it must have
been precisely here that she had stood ten years ago. There was the
wall; the hedge; the tree. The question was of some relation between
those masses. She had borne it in her mind all these years. It seemed
as if the solution had come to her: shM
e knew now what she wanted to do.
But with Mr. Ramsay bearing down on her, she could do nothing. Every
time he approached--he was walking up and down the terrace--ruin
approached, chaos approached. She could not paint. She stooped, she
turned; she took up this rag; she squeezed that tube. But all she did
was to ward him off a moment. He made it impossible for her to do
anything. For if she gave him the least chance, if he saw her
disengaged a moment, looking his way a moment, he would be on her,
said last night, "You find us much changed." Last
night he had got up and stopped before her, and said that. Dumb and
staring though they had all sat, the six children whom they used to
call after the Kings and Queens of England--the Red, the Fair, the
Wicked, the Ruthless--she felt how they raged under it. Kind old Mrs.
Beckwith said something sensible. But it was a house full of unrelated
passions--she had felt that all the evening. And on top of this chaos
Mr. Ramsay got up, pressed her hand, and said: "You willM
changed" and none of them had moved or had spoken; but had sat there as
if they were forced to let him say it. Only James (certainly the
Sullen) scowled at the lamp; and Cam screwed her handkerchief round her
finger. Then he reminded them that they were going to the Lighthouse
tomorrow. They must be ready, in the hall, on the stroke of half-past
seven. Then, with his hand on the door, he stopped; he turned upon
them. Did they not want to go? he demanded. Had they dared say
No (he had some reason for wM
anting it) he would have flung himself
tragically backwards into the bitter waters of depair. Such a
gift he had for gesture. He looked like a king in exile. Doggedly
James said yes. Cam stumbled more wretchedly. Yes, oh, yes, they'd
both be ready, they said. And it struck her, this was tragedy--not
palls, dust, and the shroud; but children coerced, their spirits
subdued. James was sixteen, Cam, seventeen, perhaps. She had looked
round for some one who was not there, for Mrs. Ramsay, presumably. But
kind Mrs. Beckwith turning over her sketches under the
lamp. Then, being tired, her mind still rising and falling with the
sea, the taste and smell that places have after long absence possessing
her, the candles wavering in her eyes, she had lost herself and gone
under. It was a wonderful night, starlit; the waves sounded as they
went upstairs; the moon surprised them, enormous, pale, as they passed
the staircase window. She had slept at once.
She set her clean canvas firmly upon the easel, as a barrier, frail,
t she hoped sufficiently substantial to ward off Mr. Ramsay and his
exactingness. She did her best to look, when his back was turned, at
her picture; that line there, that mass there. But it was out of the
question. Let him be fifty feet away, let him not even speak to you,
let him not even see you, he permeated, he prevailed, he imposed
himself. He changed everything. She could not see the colour; she
could not see the lines; even with his back turned to her, she could
only think, But he'll be down on me in a momeM
nt, demanding--something
she felt she could not give him. She rejected one brush; she chose
another. When would those children come? When would they all be off?
she fidgeted. That man, she thought, her anger rising in her, never
gave; that man took. She, on the other hand, would be forced to give.
Mrs. Ramsay had given. Giving, giving, giving, she had died--and had
left all this. Really, she was angry with Mrs. Ramsay. With the brush
slightly trembling in her fingers she looked at the hedge, the step,
was all Mrs. Ramsay's doing. She was dead. Here was Lily,
at forty-four, wasting her time, unable to do a thing, standing there,
playing at painting, playing at the one thing one did not play at, and
it was all Mrs. Ramsay's fault. She was dead. The step where she used
to sit was empty. She was dead.
But why repeat this over and over again? Why be always trying to bring
up some feeling she had not got? There was a kind of blasphemy in it.
It was all dry: all withered: all spent. They ought not to have asked
he ought not to have come. One can't waste one's time at forty-
four, she thought. She hated playing at painting. A brush, the one
dependable thing in a world of strife, ruin, chaos--that one should not
play with, knowingly even: she detested it. But he made her. You
shan't touch your canvas, he seemed to say, bearing down on her, till
you've given me what I want of you. Here he was, close upon her again,
greedy, distraught. Well, thought Lily in despair, letting her right
hand fall at her side, it would be simplerM
then to have it over.
Surely, she could imitate from recollection the glow, the rhapsody, the
self-surrender, she had seen on so many women's faces (on Mrs. Ramsay's,
for instance) when on some occasion like this they blazed up--she could
remember the look on Mrs. Ramsay's face--into a rapture of sympathy, of
delight in the reward they had, which, though the reason of it escaped
her, evidently conferred on them the most supreme bliss of which human
nature was capable. Here he was, stopped by her side. She would giM
She seemed to have shrivelled slightly, he thought. She looked a little
skimpy, wispy; but not unattractive. He liked her. There had been some
talk of her marrying William Bankes once, but nothing had come of it.
His wife had been fond of her. He had been a little out of temper too
at breakfast. And then, and then--this was one of those moments when
an enormous need urged him, without being conscious what it was, to
approach any woman, to force them, he did not care how, his need was soM
great, to give him what he wanted: sympathy.
Was anybody looking after her? he said. Had she everything she
"Oh, thanks, everything," said Lily Briscoe nervously. No; she could
not do it. She ought to have floated off instantly upon some wave of
sympathetic expansion: the pressure on her was tremendous. But she
remained stuck. There was an awful pause. They both looked at the
sea. Why, thought Mr. Ramsay, should she look at the sea when I am
here? She hoped it would be calm enough for them to land at theM
Lighthouse, she said. The Lighthouse! The Lighthouse! What's that
got to do with it? he thought impatiently. Instantly, with the force
of some primeval gust (for really he could not restrain himself any
longer), there issued from him such a groan that any other woman in the
whole world would have done something, said something--all except
myself, thought Lily, girding at herself bitterly, who am not a woman,
but a peevish, ill-tempered, dried-up old maid, presumably.
[Mr. Ramsay sighed to the full. He waited. WasM
she not going to say
anything? Did she not see what he wanted from her? Then he said he
had a particular reason for wanting to go to the Lighthouse. His
wife used to send the men things. There was a poor boy with a
tuberculous hip, the lightkeeper's son. He sighed profoundly.
He sighed significantly. All Lily wished was that this enormous flood
of grief, this insatiable hunger for sympathy, this demand that she
should surrender herself up to him entirely, and even so he had sorrows
enough to keep her supplied for M
ever, should leave her, should be
diverted (she kept looking at the house, hoping for an interruption)
before it swept her down in its flow.
"Such expeditions," said Mr. Ramsay, scraping the ground with his toe,
"are very painful." Still Lily said nothing. (She is a stock, she is a
stone, he said to himself.) "They are very exhausting," he said,
looking, with a sickly look that nauseated her (he was acting, she
felt, this great man was dramatising himself), at his beautiful hands.
It was horrible, it was indecent.M
Would they never come, she asked,
for she could not sustain this enormous weight of sorrow, support these
heavy draperies of grief (he had assumed a pose of extreme
decreptitude; he even tottered a little as he stood there) a moment
Still she could say nothing; the whole horizon seemed swept bare of
objects to talk about; could only feel, amazedly, as Mr. Ramsay stood
there, how his gaze seemed to fall dolefully over the sunny grass and
discolour it, and cast over the rubicund, drowsy, entirely contented
figure of Mr. Carmichael, reading a French novel on a deck-chair, a veil
of crape, as if such an existence, flaunting its prosperity in a world
of woe, were enough to provoke the most dismal thoughts of all. Look
at him, he seemed to be saying, look at me; and indeed, all the time he
was feeling, Think of me, think of me. Ah, could that bulk only be
wafted alongside of them, Lily wished; had she only pitched her easel a
yard or two closer to him; a man, any man, would staunch this effusion,
would stop these lamentaM
tions. A woman, she had provoked this horror;
a woman, she should have known how to deal with it. It was immensely
to her discredit, sexually, to stand there dumb. One said--what did
one say?--Oh, Mr. Ramsay! Dear Mr. Ramsay! That was what that kind old
lady who sketched, Mrs. Beckwith, would have said instantly, and
rightly. But, no. They stood there, isolated from the rest of the
world. His immense self-pity, his demand for sympathy poured and
spread itself in pools at ther feet, and all she did, miserable sinnerM
that she was, was to draw her skirts a little closer round her ankles,
lest she should get wet. In complete silence she stood there, grasping
Heaven could never be sufficiently praised! She heard sounds in the
house. James and Cam must be coming. But Mr. Ramsay, as if he knew
that his time ran short, exerted upon her solitary figure the immense
pressure of his concentrated woe; his age; his frailty: his desolation;
when suddenly, tossing his head impatiently, in his annoyance--for
woman could resist him?--he noticed that his boot-laces
were untied. Remarkable boots they were too, Lily thought, looking
down at them: sculptured; colossal; like everything that Mr. Ramsay
wore, from his frayed tie to his half-buttoned waistcoat, his own
indisputably. She could see them walking to his room of their own
accord, expressive in his absence of pathos, surliness, ill-temper,
"What beautiful boots!" she exclaimed. She was ashamed of herself. To
praise his boots when he asked her to solace his sM
shown her his bleeding hands, his lacerated heart, and asked her to
pity them, then to say, cheerfully, "Ah, but what beautiful boots you
wear!" deserved, she knew, and she looked up expecting to get it in one
of his sudden roars of ill-temper complete annihilation.
Instead, Mr. Ramsay smiled. His pall, his draperies, his infirmities
fell from him. Ah, yes, he said, holding his foot up for her to look
at, they were first-rate boots. There was only one man in England who
could make boots like that.M
Boots are among the chief curses of
mankind, he said. "Bootmakers make it their business," he exclaimed,
"to cripple and torture the human foot." They are also the most
obstinate and perverse of mankind. It had taken him the best part of
his youth to get boots made as they should be made. He would have her
observe (he lifted his right foot and then his left) that she had never
seen boots made quite that shape before. They were made of the finest
leather in the world, also. Most leather was mere brown paper and
dboard. He looked complacently at his foot, still held in the air.
They had reached, she felt, a sunny island where peace dwelt, sanity
reigned and the sun for ever shone, the blessed island of good boots.
Her heart warmed to him. "Now let me see if you can tie a knot," he
said. He poohpoohed her feeble system. He showed her his own
invention. Once you tied it, it never came undone. Three times he
knotted her shoe; three times he unknotted it.
Why, at this completely inappropriate moment, when he was stooping overM
her shoe, should she be so tormented with sympathy for him that, as she
stooped too, the blood rushed to her face, and, thinking of her
callousness (she had called him a play-actor) she felt her eyes swell
and tingle with tears? Thus occupied he seemed to her a figure of
infinite pathos. He tied knots. He bought boots. There was no helping
Mr. Ramsay on the journey he was going. But now just as she wished to
say something, could have said something, perhaps, here they were--Cam
and James. They appeared on the terrM
ace. They came, lagging, side by
side, a serious, melancholy couple.
But why was it like THAT that they came? She could not help feeling
annoyed with them; they might have come more cheerfully; they might
have given him what, now that they were off, she would not have the
chance of giving him. For she felt a sudden emptiness; a frustration.
Her feeling had come too late; there it was ready; but he no longer
needed it. He had become a very distinguished, elderly man, who had no
need of her whatsoever. She felt snubM
bed. He slung a knapsack round
his shoulders. He shared out the parcels--there were a number of them,
ill tied in brown paper. He sent Cam for a cloak. He had all the
appearance of a leader making ready for an expedition. Then, wheeling
about, he led the way with his firm military tread, in those wonderful
boots, carrying brown paper parcels, down the path, his children
following him. They looked, she thought, as if fate had devoted them
to some stern enterprise, and they went to it, still young enough to be
acquiescent in their father's wake, obediently, but with a pallor
in their eyes which made her feel that they suffered something beyond
their years in silence. So they passed the edge of the lawn, and it
seemed to Lily that she watched a procession go, drawn on by some
stress of common feeling which made it, faltering and flagging as it
was, a little company bound together and strangely impressive to her.
Politely, but very distantly, Mr. Ramsay raised his hand and saluted her
But what a face, she M
thought, immediately finding the sympathy which
she had not been asked to give troubling her for expression. What had
made it like that? Thinking, night after night, she supposed--about
the reality of kitchen tables, she added, remembering the symbol which
in her vagueness as to what Mr. Ramsay did think about Andrew had given
her. (He had been killed by the splinter of a shell instantly, she
bethought her.) The kitchen table was something visionary, austere;
something bare, hard, not ornamental. There was no colouM
was all edges and angles; it was uncompromisingly plain. But Mr. Ramsay
kept always his eyes fixed upon it, never allowed himself to be
distracted or deluded, until his face became worn too and ascetic and
partook of this unornamented beauty which so deeply impressed her.
Then, she recalled (standing where he had left her, holding her brush),
worries had fretted it--not so nobly. He must have had his doubts
about that table, she supposed; whether the table was a real table;
whether it was worth the timeM
he gave to it; whether he was able after
all to find it. He had had doubts, she felt, or he would have asked
less of people. That was what they talked about late at night
sometimes, she suspected; and then next day Mrs. Ramsay looked tired,
and Lily flew into a rage with him over some absurd little thing. But
now he had nobody to talk to about that table, or his boots, or his
knots; and he was like a lion seeking whom he could devour, and his
face had that touch of desperation, of exaggeration in it which alarmed
her, and made her pull her skirts about her. And then, she recalled,
there was that sudden revivification, that sudden flare (when she
praised his boots), that sudden recovery of vitality and interest in
ordinary human things, which too passed and changed (for he was always
changing, and hid nothing) into that other final phase which was new to
her and had, she owned, made herself ashamed of her own irritability,
when it seemed as if he had shed worries and ambitions, and the hope of
sympathy and the desire for praM
ise, had entered some other region, was
drawn on, as if by curiosity, in dumb colloquy, whether with himself or
another, at the head of that little procession out of one's range. An
extraordinary face! The gate banged.
So they're gone, she thought, sighing with relief and disappointment.
Her sympathy seemed to be cast back on her, like a bramble sprung
across her face. She felt curiously divided, as if one part of her
were drawn out there--it was a still day, hazy; the Lighthouse looked
this morning at an immM
ense distance; the other had fixed itself
doggedly, solidly, here on the lawn. She saw her canvas as if it had
floated up and placed itself white and uncompromising directly before
her. It seemed to rebuke her with its cold stare for all this hurry
and agitation; this folly and waste of emotion; it drastically recalled
her and spread through her mind first a peace, as her disorderly
sensations (he had gone and she had been so sorry for him and she had
said nothing) trooped off the field; and then, emptiness. She loM
blankly at the canvas, with its uncompromising white stare; from the
canvas to the garden. There was something (she stood screwing up her
little Chinese eyes in her small puckered face), something she
remembered in the relations of those lines cutting across, slicing
down, and in the mass of the hedge with its green cave of blues and
browns, which had stayed in her mind; which had tied a knot in her mind
so that at odds and ends of time, involuntarily, as she walked along
the Brompton Road, as she brushed her M
hair, she found herself painting
that picture, passing her eye over it, and untying the knot in
imagination. But there was all the difference in the world between
this planning airily away from the canvas and actually taking her brush
and making the first mark.
She had taken the wrong brush in her agitation at Mr. Ramsay's presence,
and her easel, rammed into the earth so nervously, was at the wrong
angle. And now that she had ut that right, and in so doing had subdued
the impertinences and irrelevances that pluckM
ed her attention and made
her remember how she was such and such a person, had such and such
relations to people, she took her hand and raised her brush. For a
moment it stayed trembling in a painful but exciting ecstasy in the
air. Where to begin?--that was the question at what point to make
the first mark? One line placed on the canvas committed her to
innumerable risks, to frequent and irrevocable decisions. All that in
idea seemed simple became in practice immediately complex; as the waves
shape themselves symmM
etrically from the cliff top, but to the swimmer
among them are divided by steep gulfs, and foaming crests. Still the
risk must be run; the mark made.
With a curious physical sensation, as if she were urged forward and at
the same time must hold herself back, she made her first quick decisive
stroke. The brush descended. It flickered brown over the white canvas;
it left a running mark. A second time she did it--a third time. And
so pausing and so flickering, she attained a dancing rhythmical
movement, as if the paM
uses were one part of the rhythm and the strokes
another, and all were related; and so, lightly and swiftly pausing,
striking, she scored her canvas with brown running nervous lines which
had no sooner settled there than they enclosed ( she felt it looming
out at her) a space. Down in the hollow of one wave she saw the next
wave towering higher and higher above her. For what could be more
formidable than that space? Here she was again, she thought, stepping
back to look at it, drawn out of gossip, out of living, ouM
community with people into the presence of this formidable ancient
enemy of hers--this other thing, this truth, this reality, which
suddenly laid hands on her, emerged stark at the back of appearances
and commanded her attention. She was half unwilling, half reluctant.
Why always be drawn out and haled away? Why not left in peace, to
talk to Mr. Carmichael on the lawn? It was an exacting form of
intercourse anyhow. Other worshipful objects were content with
worship; men, women, God, all let one kneel prostrateM
form, were it only the shape of a white lamp-shade looming on a
wicker table, roused one to perpetual combat, challenged one to a fight
in which one was bound to be worsted. Always (it was in her nature, or
in her sex, she did not know which) before she exchanged the fluidity
of life for the concentration of painting she had a few moments of
nakedness when she seemed like an unborn soul, a soul reft of body,
hesitating on some windy pinnacle and exposed without protection to all
the blasts of doubt. Why M
then did she do it? She looked at the
canvas, lightly scored with running lines. It would be hung in the
servants' bedrooms. It would be rolled up and stuffed under a sofa.
What was the good of doing it then, and she heard some voice saying she
couldn't paint, saying she couldn't create, as if she were caught up in
one of those habitual currents in which after a certain time experience
forms in the mind, so that one repeats words without being aware any
longer who originally spoke them.
Can't paint, can't write, sM
he murmured monotonously, anxiously
considering what her plan of attack should be. For the mass loomed
before her; it protruded; she felt it pressing on her eyeballs. Then,
as if some juice necessary for the lubrication of her faculties were
spontaneously squirted, she began precariously dipping among the blues
and umbers, moving her brush hither and thither, but it was now heavier
and went slower, as if it had fallen in with some rhythm which was
dictated to her (she kept looking at the hedge, at the canvas) by whM
she rhythm was strong enough to bear her along with it on its current.
Certainly she was losing consciousness of outer things. And as she
lost consciousness of outer things, and her name and her personality
and her appearance, and whether Mr. Carmichael was there or not, her
mind kept throwing up from its depths, scenes, and names, and sayings,
and memories and ideas, like a fountain spurting over that glaring,
hideously difficult white space, while she modelled it with greens and
Charles Tansley used toM
say that, she remembered, women can't paint,
can't write. Coming up behind her, he had stood close beside her, a
thing she hated, as she painted her on this very spot. "Shag tobacco,"
he said, "fivepence an ounce," parading his poverty, his principles.
(But the war had drawn the sting of her femininity. Poor devils, one
thought, poor devils, of both sexes.) He was always carrying a book
about under his arm--a purple book. He "worked." He sat, she
remembered, working in a blaze of sun. At dinner he would sit right M
the middle of the view. But after all, she reflected, there was the
scene on the beach. One must remember that. It was a windy morning.
They had all gone down to the beach. Mrs. Ramsay sat down and wrote
letters by a rock. She wrote and wrote. "Oh," she said, looking up at
something floating in the sea, "is it a lobster pot? Is it an upturned
boat?" She was so short-sighted that she could not see, and then
Charles Tansley became as nice as he could possibly be. He began
playing ducks and drakes. They chose littlM
e flat black stones and sent
them skipping over the waves. Every now and then Mrs. Ramsay looked up
over her spectacles and laughed at them. What they said she could not
remember, but only she and Charles throwing stones and getting on very
well all of a sudden and Mrs. Ramsay watching them. She was highly
conscious of that. Mrs. Ramsay, she thought, stepping back and screwing
up her eyes. (It must have altered the design a good deal when she was
sitting on the step with James. There must have been a shadow.) When
she thought of herself and Charles throwing ducks and drakes and of the
whole scene on the beach, it seemed to depend somehow upon Mrs. Ramsay
sitting under the rock, with a pad on her knee, writing letters. (She
wrote innumerable letters, and sometimes the wind took them and she and
Charles just saved a page from the sea.) But what a power was in the
human soul! she thought. That woman sitting there writing under the
rock resolved everything into simplicity; made these angers,
irritations fall off like old rags; sM
he brought together this and that
and then this, and so made out of that miserable silliness and spite
(she and Charles squabbling, sparring, had been silly and spiteful)
something--this scene on the beach for example, this moment of
friendship and liking--which survived, after all these years complete,
so that she dipped into it to re-fashion her memory of him, and there
it stayed in the mind affecting one almost like a work of art.
"Like a work of art," she repeated, looking from her canvas to the
teps and back again. She must rest for a moment. And,
resting, looking from one to the other vaguely, the old question which
traversed the sky of the soul perpetually, the vast, the general
question which was apt to particularise itself at such moments as
these, when she released faculties that had been on the strain, stood
over her, paused over her, darkened over her. What is the meaning of
life? That was all--a simple question; one that tended to close in on
one with years. The great revelation had never come. ThM
revelation perhaps never did come. Instead there were little daily
miracles, illuminations, matches struck unexpectedly in the dark;
here was one. This, that, and the other; herself and Charles Tansley
and the breaking wave; Mrs. Ramsay bringing them together; Mrs. Ramsay
saying, "Life stand still here"; Mrs. Ramsay making of the moment
something permanent (as in another sphere Lily herself tried to
make of the moment something permanent)--this was of the nature
of a revelation. In the midst of chaos there M
was shape; this eternal
passing and flowing (she looked at the clouds going and the leaves
shaking) was struck into stability. Life stand still here, Mrs. Ramsay
said. "Mrs. Ramsay! Mrs. Ramsay!" she repeated. She owed it all to her.
All was silence. Nobody seemed yet to be stirring in the house. She
looked at it there sleeping in the early sunlight with its windows
green and blue with the reflected leaves. The faint thought she was
thinking of Mrs. Ramsay seemed in consonance with this quiet house; this
is fine early morning air. Faint and unreal, it was amazingly
pure and exciting. She hoped nobody would open the window or come out
of the house, but that she might be left alone to go on thinking, to go
on painting. She turned to her canvas. But impelled by some curiosity,
driven by the discomfort of the sympathy which she held undischarged,
she walked a pace or so to the end of the lawn to see whether, down
there on the beach, she could see that little company setting sail.
Down there among the little boats whichM
floated, some with their sails
furled, some slowly, for it was very calm moving away, there was one
rather apart from the others. The sail was even now being hoisted.
She decided that there in that very distant and entirely silent little
boat Mr. Ramsay was sitting with Cam and James. Now they had got the
sail up; now after a little flagging and silence, she watched the boat
take its way with deliberation past the other boats out to sea.
The sails flapped over their heads. The water chuckled and slapped the
sides of the boat, which drowsed motionless in the sun. Now and then
the sails rippled with a little breeze in them, but the ripple ran over
them and ceased. The boat made no motion at all. Mr. Ramsay sat in the
middle of the boat. He would be impatient in a moment, James thought,
and Cam thought, looking at her father, who sat in the middle of the
boat between them (James steered; Cam sat alone in the bow) with his
legs tightly curled. He hated hanging about. Sure enough, after
fidgeting a second or two, he said sM
omething sharp to Macalister's boy,
who got out his oars and began to row. But their father, they knew,
would never be content until they were flying along. He would keep
looking for a breeze, fidgeting, saying things under his breath, which
Macalister and and Macalister's boy would overhear, and they would both
be made horribly uncomfortable. He had made them come. He had forced
them to come. In their anger they hoped that the breeze would never
rise, that he might be thwarted in every possible way, since he had
orced them to come against their wills.
All the way down to the beach they had lagged behind together, though
he bade them "Walk up, walk up," without speaking. Their heads were
bent down, their heads were pressed down by some remorseless gale.
Speak to him they could not. They must come; they must follow. They
must walk behind him carrying brown paper parcels. But they vowed, in
silence, as they walked, to stand by each other and carry out the great
compact--to resist tyranny to the death. So there they would sitM
at one end of the boat, one at the other, in silence. They would say
nothing, only look at him now and then where he sat with his legs
twisted, frowning and fidgeting, and pishing and pshawing and muttering
things to himself, and waiting impatiently for a breeze. And they
hoped it would be calm. They hoped he would be thwarted. They hoped
the whole expedition would fail, and they would have to put back, with
their parcels, to the beach.
But now, when Macalister's boy had rowed a little way out, the sails
wly swung round, the boat quickened itself, flattened itself, and
shot off. Instantly, as if some great strain had been relieved, Mr.
Ramsay uncurled his legs, took out his tobacco pouch, handed it with a
little grunt to Macalister, and felt, they knew, for all they suffered,
perfectly content. Now they would sail on for hours like this, and Mr.
Ramsay would ask old Macalister a question--about the great storm
last winter probably--and old Macalister would answer it, and they
would puff their pipes together, and MaM
calister would take a tarry rope
in his fingers, tying or untying some knot, and the boy would fish, and
never say a word to any one. James would be forced to keep his eye all
the time on the sail. For if he forgot, then the sail puckered and
shivered, and the boat slackened, and Mr. Ramsay would say sharply,
"Look out! Look out!" and old Macalister would turn slowly on his
seat. So they heard Mr. Ramsay asking some question about the great
storm at Christmas. "She comes driving round the point," old
d, describing the great storm last Christmas, when ten
ships had been driven into the bay for shelter, and he had seen "one
there, one there, one there" (he pointed slowly round the bay. Mr.
Ramsay followed him, turning his head). He had seen four men clinging
to the mast. Then she was gone. "And at last we shoved her off," he
went on (but in their anger and their silence they only caught a word
here and there, sitting at opposite ends of the boat, united by their
compact to fight tyranny to the death). At last theM
her off, they had launched the lifeboat, and they had got her out
past the point--Macalister told the story; and though they only
caught a word here and there, they were conscious all the time of their
father--how he leant forward, how he brought his voice into tune with
Macalister's voice; how, puffing at his pipe, and looking there and
there where Macalister pointed, he relished the thought of the storm
and the dark night and the fishermen striving there. He liked that men
should labour and sweat on M
the windy beach at night; pitting muscle and
brain against the waves and the wind; he liked men to work like that,
and women to keep house, and sit beside sleeping children indoors,
while men were drowned, out there in a storm. So James could tell, so
Cam could tell (they looked at him, they looked at each other), from
his toss and his vigilance and the ring in his voice, and the little
tinge of Scottish accent which came into his voice, making him seem
like a peasant himself, as he questioned Macalister about the M
ships that had been driven into the bay in a storm. Three had sunk.
He looked proudly where Macalister pointed; and Cam thought, feeling
proud of him without knowing quite why, had he been there he would have
launched the lifeboat, he would have reached the wreck, Cam thought.
He was so brave, he was so adventurous, Cam thought. But she
remembered. There was the compact; to resist tyranny to the death.
Their grievance weighed them down. They had been forced; they had been
bidden. He had borne them down onceM
more with his gloom and his
authority, making them do his bidding, on this fine morning, come,
because he wished it, carrying these parcels, to the Lighthouse; take
part in these rites he went through for his own pleasure in memory of
dead people, which they hated, so that they lagged after him, all
the pleasure of the day was spoilt.
Yes, the breeze was freshening. The boat was leaning, the water was
sliced sharply and fell away in green cascades, in bubbles, in
cataracts. Cam looked down into the foam, into theM
treasure in it, and its speed hypnotised her, and the tie between her
and James sagged a little. It slackened a little. She began to think,
How fast it goes. Where are we going? and the movement hypnotised her,
while James, with his eye fixed on the sail and on the horizon, steered
grimly. But he began to think as he steered that he might escape; he
might be quit of it all. They might land somewhere; and be free then.
Both of them, looking at each other for a moment, had a sense of escape
tation, what with the speed and the change. But the breeze
bred in Mr. Ramsay too the same excitement, and, as old Macalister
turned to fling his line overboard, he cried out aloud,
"We perished," and then again, "each alone." And then with his usual
spasm of repentance or shyness, pulled himself up, and waved his hand
"See the little house," he said pointing, wishing Cam to look. She
raised herself reluctantly and looked. But which was it? She could no
longer make out, there on the hillside, wM
hich was their house. All
looked distant and peaceful and strange. The shore seemed refined, far
away, unreal. Already the little distance they had sailed had put them
far from it and given it the changed look, the composed look, of
something receding in which one has no longer any part. Which was
their house? She could not see it.
"But I beneath a rougher sea," Mr. Ramsay murmured. He had found the
house and so seeing it, he had also seen himself there; he had seen
himself walking on the terrace, alone. He was waM
between the urns; and he seemed to himself very old and bowed. Sitting
in the boat, he bowed, he crouched himself, acting instantly his part--
the part of a desolate man, widowed, bereft; and so called up before
him in hosts people sympathising with him; staged for himself as he sat
in the boat, a little drama; which required of him decrepitude and
exhaustion and sorrow (he raised his hands and looked at the thinness
of them, to confirm his dream) and then there was given him in
sympathy, and he imagined how they would soothe him
and sympathise with him, and so getting in his dream some reflection of
the exquisite pleasure women's sympathy was to him, he sighed and said
gently and mournfully:
But I beneath a rougher sea
Was whelmed in deeper gulfs than he,
so that the mournful words were heard quite clearly by them all. Cam
half started on her seat. It shocked her--it outraged her. The
movement roused her father; and he shuddered, and broke off,
exclaiming: "Look! Look!" so urgently thM
at James also turned his head
to look over his shoulder at the island. They all looked. They looked
But Cam could see nothing. She was thinking how all those paths and
the lawn, thick and knotted with the lives they had lived there, were
gone: were rubbed out; were past; were unreal, and now this was real;
the boat and the sail with its patch; Macalister with his earrings; the
noise of the waves--all this was real. Thinking this, she was
murmuring to herself, "We perished, each alone," for her fatheM
broke and broke again in her mind, when her father, seeing her gazing
so vaguely, began to tease her. Didn't she know the points of the
compass? he asked. Didn't she know the North from the South? Did she
really think they lived right out there? And he pointed again, and
showed her where their house was, there, by those trees. He wished she
would try to be more accurate, he said: "Tell me--which is East, which
is West?" he said, half laughing at her, half scolding her, for he
could not understand the statM
e of mind of any one, not absolutely
imbecile, who did not know the points of the compass. Yet she did not
know. And seeing her gazing, with her vague, now rather frightened,
eyes fixed where no house was Mr. Ramsay forgot his dream; how he walked
up and down between the urns on the terrace; how the arms were
stretched out to him. He thought, women are always like that; the
vagueness of their minds is hopeless; it was a thing he had never been
able to understand; but so it was. It had been so with her--his wife.
ey could not keep anything clearly fixed in their minds. But he had
been wrong to be angry with her; moreover, did he not rather like this
vagueness in women? It was part of their extraordinary charm. I will
make her smile at me, he thought. She looks frightened. She was so
silent. He clutched his fingers, and determined that his voice and his
face and all the quick expressive gestures which had been at his
command making people pity him and praise him all these years should
subdue themselves. He would make her smiM
le at him. He would find some
simple easy thing to say to her. But what? For, wrapped up in his
work as he was, he forgot the sort of thing one said. There was a
puppy. They had a puppy. Who was looking after the puppy today? he
asked. Yes, thought James pitilessly, seeing his sister's head against
the sail, now she will give way. I shall be left to fight the tyrant
alone. The compact would be left to him to carry out. Cam would never
resist tyranny to the death, he thought grimly, watching her face, sad,
elding. And as sometimes happens when a cloud falls on a
green hillside and gravity descends and there among all the surrounding
hills is gloom and sorrow, and it seems as if the hills themselves
must ponder the fate of the clouded, the darkened, either in pity,
or maliciously rejoicing in her dismay: so Cam now felt herself
overcast, as she sat there among calm, resolute people and wondered
how to answer her father about the puppy; how to resist his
entreaty--forgive me, care for me; while James the lawgiver, withM
tablets of eternal wisdom laid open on his knee (his hand on the tiller
had become symbolical to her), said, Resist him. Fight him. He said
so rightly; justly. For they must fight tyranny to the death, she
thought. Of all human qualities she reverenced justice most. Her
brother was most god-like, her father most suppliant. And to which did
she yield, she thought, sitting between them, gazing at the shore whose
points were all unknown to her, and thinking how the lawn and the
terrace and the house were smoothedM
away now and peace dwelt there.
"Jasper," she said sullenly. He'd look after the puppy.
And what was she going to call him? her father persisted. He had had
a dog when he was a little boy, called Frisk. She'll give way, James
thought, as he watched a look come upon her face, a look he remembered.
They look down he thought, at their knitting or something. Then
suddenly they look up. There was a flash of blue, he remembered, and
then somebody sitting with him laughed, surrendered, and he was very
ve been his mother, he thought, sitting on a low
chair, with his father standing over her. He began to search among the
infinite series of impressions which time had laid down, leaf upon
leaf, fold upon fold softly, incessantly upon his brain; among scents,
sounds; voices, harsh, hollow, sweet; and lights passing, and brooms
tapping; and the wash and hush of the sea, how a man had marched up and
down and stopped dead, upright, over them. Meanwhile, he noticed, Cam
dabbled her fingers in the water, and stared at theM
nothing. No, she won't give way, he thought; she's different, he
thought. Well, if Cam would not answer him, he would not bother her Mr.
Ramsay decided, feeling in his pocket for a book. But she would answer
him; she wished, passionately, to move some obstacle that lay upon her
tongue and to say, Oh, yes, Frisk. I'll call him Frisk. She wanted
even to say, Was that the dog that found its way over the moor alone?
But try as she might, she could think of nothing to say like that,
fierce and loyal to tM
he compact, yet passing on to her father,
unsuspected by James, a private token of the love she felt for him.
For she thought, dabbling her hand (and now Macalister's boy had caught
a mackerel, and it lay kicking on the floor, with blood on its gills)
for she thought, looking at James who kept his eyes dispassionately on
the sail, or glanced now and then for a second at the horizon, you're
not exposed to it, to this pressure and division of feeling, this
extraordinary temptation. Her father was feeling in his pockeM
another second, he would have found his book. For no one attracted her
more; his hands were beautiful, and his feet, and his voice, and his
words, and his haste, and his temper, and his oddity, and his passion,
and his saying straight out before every one, we perish, each alone,
and his remoteness. (He had opened his book.) But what remained
intolerable, she thought, sitting upright, and watching Macalister's
boy tug the hook out of the gills of another fish, was that crass
blindness and tyranny of his whichM
had poisoned her childhood and
raised bitter storms, so that even now she woke in the night trembling
with rage and remembered some command of his; some insolence: "Do
this," "Do that," his dominance: his "Submit to me."
So she said nothing, but looked doggedly and sadly at the shore,
wrapped in its mantle of peace; as if the people there had fallen
asleep, she thought; were free like smoke, were free to come and go
like ghosts. They have no suffering there, she thought.
Yes, that is their boat, Lily BriscoM
e decided, standing on the edge of
the lawn. It was the boat with greyish-brown sails, which she saw now
flatten itself upon the water and shoot off across the bay. There he
sits, she thought, and the children are quite silent still. And she
could not reach him either. The sympathy she had not given him weighed
her down. It made it difficult for her to paint.
She had always found him difficult. She never had been able to praise
him to his face, she remembered. And that reduced their relationship to
al, without that element of sex in it which made his
manner to Minta so gallant, almost gay. He would pick a flower for
her, lend her his books. But could he believe that Minta read them?
She dragged them about the garden, sticking in leaves to mark the
"D'you remember, Mr. Carmichael?" she was inclined to ask, looking at
the old man. But he had pulled his hat half over his forehead; he was
asleep, or he was dreaming, or he was lying there catching words, she
"D'you remember?" she felt inclined tM
o ask him as she passed him,
thinking again of Mrs. Ramsay on the beach; the cask bobbing up and
down; and the pages flying. Why, after all these years had that
survived, ringed round, lit up, visible to the last detail, with all
before it blank and all after it blank, for miles and miles?
"Is it a boat? Is it a cork?" she would say, Lily repeated, turning
back, reluctantly again, to her canvas. Heaven be praised for it, the
problem of space remained, she thought, taking up her brush again. It
glared at her. The wM
hole mass of the picture was poised upon that
weight. Beautiful and bright it should be on the surface, feathery and
evanescent, one colour melting into another like the colours on a
butterfly's wing; but beneath the fabric must be clamped together with
bolts of iron. It was to be a thing you could ruffle with your breath;
and a thing you could not dislodge with a team of horses. And she began
to lay on a red, a grey, and she began to model her way into the hollow
there. At the same time, she seemed to be sitting bM
eside Mrs. Ramsay on
"Is it a boat? Is it a cask?" Mrs. Ramsay said. And she began hunting
round for her spectacles. And she sat, having found them, silent,
looking out to sea. And Lily, painting steadily, felt as if a door had
opened, and one went in and stood gazing silently about in a high
cathedral-like place, very dark, very solemn. Shouts came from a world
far away. Steamers vanished in stalks of smoke on the horizon.
Charles threw stones and sent them skipping.
Mrs. Ramsay sat silent. She was glM
ad, Lily thought, to rest in silence,
uncommunicative; to rest in the extreme obscurity of human
relationships. Who knows what we are, what we feel? Who knows even at
the moment of intimacy, This is knowledge? Aren't things spoilt then,
Mrs. Ramsay may have asked (it seemed to have happened so often, this
silence by her side) by saying them? Aren't we more expressive thus?
The moment at least seemed extraordinarily fertile. She rammed a
little hole in the sand and covered it up, by way of burying in it the
on of the moment. It was like a drop of silver in which one
dipped and illumined the darkness of the past.
Lily stepped back to get her canvas--so--into perspective. It was an
odd road to be walking, this of painting. Out and out one went,
further, until at last one seemed to be on a narrow plank, perfectly
alone, over the sea. And as she dipped into the blue paint, she
dipped too into the past there. Now Mrs. Ramsay got up, she
remembered. It was time to go back to the house--time for
luncheon. And they all walkeM
d up from the beach together, she walking
behind with William Bankes, and there was Minta in front of them with a
hole in her stocking. How that little round hole of pink heel seemed
to flaunt itself before them! How William Bankes deplored it, without,
so far as she could remember, saying anything about it! It meant to
him the annihilation of womanhood, and dirt and disorder, and servants
leaving and beds not made at mid-day--all the things he most abhorred.
He had a way of shuddering and spreading his fingers outM
an unsightly object which he did now--holding his hand in front of
him. And Minta walked on ahead, and presumably Paul met her and she
went off with Paul in the garden.
The Rayleys, thought Lily Briscoe, squeezing her tube of green paint.
She collected her impressions of the Rayleys. Their lives appeared to
her in a series of scenes; one, on the staircase at dawn. Paul had
come in and gone to bed early; Minta was late. There was Minta,
wreathed, tinted, garish on the stairs about three o'clock in tM
morning. Paul came out in his pyjamas carrying a poker in case of
burglars. Minta was eating a sandwich, standing half-way up by a
window, in the cadaverous early morning light, and the carpet had a
hole in it. But what did they say? Lily asked herself, as if by
looking she could hear them. Minta went on eating her sandwich,
annoyingly, while he spoke something violent, abusing her, in a mutter
so as not to wake the children, the two little boys. He was withered,
drawn; she flamboyant, careless. For things had wM
orked loose after the
first year or so; the marriage had turned out rather badly.
And this, Lily thought, taking the green paint on her brush, this
making up scenes about them, is what we call "knowing" people,
"thinking" of them, "being fond" of them! Not a word of it was true;
she had made it up; but it was what she knew them by all the same. She
went on tunnelling her way into her picture, into the past.
Another time, Paul said he "played chess in coffee-houses." She had
built up a whole structure of imaginatiM
on on that saying too. She
remembered how, as he said it, she thought how he rang up the servant,
and she said, "Mrs. Rayley's out, sir," and he decided that he would not
come home either. She saw him sitting in the corner of some lugubrious
place where the smoke attached itself to the red plush seats, and the
waitresses got to know you, and he played chess with a little man who
was in the tea trade and lived at Surbiton, but that was all Paul knew
about him. And then Minta was out when he came home and then there M
that scene on the stairs, when he got the poker in case of burglars (no
doubt to frighten her too) and spoke so bitterly, saying she had ruined
his life. At any rate when she went down to see them at a cottage near
Rickmansworth, things were horribly strained. Paul took her down the
garden to look at the Belgian hares which he bred, and Minta followed
them, singing, and put her bare arm on his shoulder, lest he should
Minta was bored by hares, Lily thought. But Minta never gave herself
She never said things like that about playing chess in coffee-
houses. She was far too conscious, far too wary. But to go on with
their story--they had got through the dangerous stage by now. She had
been staying with them last summer some time and the car broke down and
Minta had to hand him his tools. He sat on the road mending the car,
and it was the way she gave him the tools--business-like,
straightforward, friendly--that proved it was all right now. They were
"in love" no longer; no, he had taken up with anoM
ther woman, a serious
woman, with her hair in a plait and a case in her hand (Minta had
described her gratefully, almost admiringly), who went to meetings and
shared Paul's views (they had got more and more pronounced) about the
taxation of land values and a capital levy. Far from breaking up the
marriage, that alliance had righted it. They were excellent friends,
obviously, as he sat on the road and she handed him his tools.
So that was the story of the Rayleys, Lily thought. She imagined
herself telling it to MrM
s. Ramsay, who would be full of curiosity to
know what had become of the Rayleys. She would feel a little
triumphant, telling Mrs. Ramsay that the marriage had not been a
But the dead, thought Lily, encountering some obstacle in her design
which made her pause and ponder, stepping back a foot or so, oh, the
dead! she murmured, one pitied them, one brushed them aside, one had
even a little contempt for them. They are at our mercy. Mrs. Ramsay
has faded and gone, she thought. We can over-ride her wishes, imM
away her limited, old-fashioned ideas. She recedes further and further
from us. Mockingly she seemed to see her there at the end of the
corridor of years saying, of all incongruous things, "Marry, marry!"
(sitting very upright early in the morning with the birds beginning to
cheep in the garden outside). And one would have to say to her, It has
all gone against your wishes. They're happy like that; I'm happy like
this. Life has changed completely. At that all her being, even her
beauty, became for a moment, dM
usty and out of date. For a moment Lily,
standing there, with the sun hot on her back, summing up the Rayleys,
triumphed over Mrs. Ramsay, who would never know how Paul went to
coffee-houses and had a mistress; how he sat on the ground and Minta
handed him his tools; how she stood here painting, had never married,
not even William Bankes.
Mrs. Ramsay had planned it. Perhaps, had she lived, she would have
compelled it. Already that summer he was "the kindest of men." He was
"the first scientist of his age, my husbaM
nd says." He was also "poor
William--it makes me so unhappy, when I go to see him, to find nothing
nice in his house--no one to arrange the flowers." So they were sent
for walks together, and she was told, with that faint touch of irony
that made Mrs. Ramsay slip through one's fingers, that she had a
scientific mind; she liked flowers; she was so exact. What was this
mania of hers for marriage? Lily wondered, stepping to and fro from
(Suddenly, as suddenly as a star slides in the sky, a reddish light
emed to burn in her mind, covering Paul Rayley, issuing from him. It
rose like a fire sent up in token of some celebration by savages on a
distant beach. She heard the roar and the crackle. The whole sea for
miles round ran red and gold. Some winey smell mixed with it and
intoxicated her, for she felt again her own headlong desire to throw
herself off the cliff and be drowned looking for a pearl brooch on a
beach. And the roar and the crackle repelled her with fear and
disgust, as if while she saw its splendour andM
power she saw too how it
fed on the treasure of the house, greedily, disgustingly, and she
loathed it. But for a sight, for a glory it surpassed everything in
her experience, and burnt year after year like a signal fire on a
desert island at the edge of the sea, and one had only to say "in love"
and instantly, as happened now, up rose Paul's fire again. And it sank
and she said to herself, laughing, "The Rayleys"; how Paul went to
coffee-houses and played chess.)
She had only escaped by the skin of her teeth thouM
gh, she thought. She
had been looking at the table-cloth, and it had flashed upon her that
she would move the tree to the middle, and need never marry anybody,
and she had felt an enormous exultation. She had felt, now she could
stand up to Mrs. Ramsay--a tribute to the astonishing power that Mrs.
Ramsay had over one. Do this, she said, and one did it. Even her
shadow at the window with James was full of authority. She remembered
how William Bankes had been shocked by her neglect of the significance
on. Did she not admire their beauty? he said. But
William, she remembered, had listened to her with his wise child's eyes
when she explained how it was not irreverence: how a light there needed
a shadow there and so on. She did not intend to disparage a subject
which, they agreed, Raphael had treated divinely. She was not cynical.
Quite the contrary. Thanks to his scientific mind he understood--a
proof of disinterested intelligence which had pleased her and comforted
her enormously. One could talk of painting then M
Indeed, his friendship had been one of the pleasures of her life. She
loved William Bankes.
They went to Hampton Court and he always left her, like the perfect
gentleman he was, plenty of time to wash her hands, while he strolled
by the river. That was typical of their relationship. Many things were
left unsaid. Then they strolled through the courtyards, and admired,
summer after summer, the proportions and the flowers, and he would tell
her things, about perspective, about architecture, as theM
he would stop to look at a tree, or the view over the lake, and admire
a child--(it was his great grief--he had no daughter) in the vague aloof
way that was natural to a man who spent spent so much time in
laboratories that the world when he came out seemed to dazzle him,
so that he walked slowly, lifted his hand to screen his eyes and
paused, with his head thrown back, merely to breathe the air. Then
he would tell her how his housekeeper was on her holiday; he must
buy a new carpet for the staircase.M
Perhaps she would go with him to
buy a new carpet for the staircase. And once something led him to talk
about the Ramsays and he had said how when he first saw her she had
been wearing a grey hat; she was not more than nineteen or twenty. She
was astonishingly beautiful. There he stood looking down the avenue at
Hampton Court as if he could see her there among the fountains.
She looked now at the drawing-room step. She saw, through William's
eyes, the shape of a woman, peaceful and silent, with downcast eyes.
sat musing, pondering (she was in grey that day, Lily thought).
Her eyes were bent. She would never lift them. Yes, thought Lily,
looking intently, I must have seen her look like that, but not in grey;
nor so still, nor so young, nor so peaceful. The figure came readily
enough. She was astonishingly beautiful, as William said. But beauty
was not everything. Beauty had this penalty--it came too readily, came
too completely. It stilled life--froze it. One forgot the little
agitations; the flush, the pallor, some queM
er distortion, some light or
shadow, which made the face unrecognisable for a moment and yet added a
quality one saw for ever after. It was simpler to smooth that all out
under the cover of beauty. But what was the look she had, Lily
wondered, when she clapped her deer-stalkers's hat on her head, or ran
across the grass, or scolded Kennedy, the gardener? Who could tell
her? Who could help her?
Against her will she had come to the surface, and found herself half
out of the picture, looking, little dazedly, as if atM
Mr. Carmichael. He lay on his chair with his hands clasped above his
paunch not reading, or sleeping, but basking like a creature gorged
with existence. His book had fallen on to the grass.
She wanted to go straight up to him and say, "Mr. Carmichael!" Then he
would look up benevolently as always, from his smoky vague green eyes.
But one only woke people if one knew what one wanted to say to them.
And she wanted to say not one thing, but everything. Little words that
broke up the thought and disM
membered it said nothing. "About life,
about death; about Mrs. Ramsay"--no, she thought, one could say
nothing to nobody. The urgency of the moment always missed its mark.
Words fluttered sideways and struck the object inches too low. Then
one gave it up; then the idea sunk back again; then one became like
most middle-aged people, cautious, furtive, with wrinkles between the
eyes and a look of perpetual apprehension. For how could one express
in words these emotions of the body? express that emptiness there?
as looking at the drawing-room steps; they looked extraordinarily
empty.) It was one's body feeling, not one's mind. The physical
sensations that went with the bare look of the steps had become
suddenly extremely unpleasant. To want and not to have, sent all up
her body a hardness, a hollowness, a strain. And then to want and not
to have--to want and want--how that wrung the heart, and wrung it again
and again! Oh, Mrs. Ramsay! she called out silently, to that essence
which sat by the boat, that abstract one made oM
f her, that woman in
grey, as if to abuse her for having gone, and then having gone, come
back again. It had seemed so safe, thinking of her. Ghost, air,
nothingness, a thing you could play with easily and safely at any time
of day or night, she had been that, and then suddenly she put her hand
out and wrung the heart thus. Suddenly, the empty drawing-room steps,
the frill of the chair inside, the puppy tumbling on the terrace, the
whole wave and whisper of the garden became like curves and arabesques
ound a centre of complete emptiness.
"What does it mean? How do you explain it all?" she wanted to say,
turning to Mr. Carmichael again. For the whole world seemed to have
dissolved in this early morning hour into a pool of thought, a deep
basin of reality, and one could almost fancy that had Mr. Carmichael
spoken, for instance, a little tear would have rent the surface pool.
And then? Something would emerge. A hand would be shoved up, a blade
would be flashed. It was nonsense of course.
A curious notion came to M
her that he did after all hear the things she
could not say. He was an inscrutable old man, with the yellow stain on
his beard, and his poetry, and his puzzles, sailing serenely through a
world which satisfied all his wants, so that she thought he had only to
put down his hand where he lay on the lawn to fish up anything he
wanted. She looked at her picture. That would have been his answer,
presumably--how "you" and "I" and "she" pass and vanish; nothing stays;
all changes; but not words, not paint. Yet it would beM
attics, she thought; it would be rolled up and flung under a sofa; yet
even so, even of a picture like that, it was true. One might say, even
of this scrawl, not of that actual picture, perhaps, but of what it
attempted, that it "remained for ever," she was going to say, or, for
the words spoken sounded even to herself, too boastful, to hint,
wordlessly; when, looking at the picture, she was surprised to find
that she could not see it. Her eyes were full of a hot liquid (she did
not think of tears at fM
irst) which, without disturbing the firmness of
her lips, made the air thick, rolled down her cheeks. She had perfect
control of herself--Oh, yes!--in every other way. Was she crying then
for Mrs. Ramsay, without being aware of any unhappiness? She addressed
old Mr. Carmichael again. What was it then? What did it mean? Could
things thrust their hands up and grip one; could the blade cut; the
fist grasp? Was there no safety? No learning by heart of the ways of
the world? No guide, no shelter, but all was miracle, anM
the pinnacle of a tower into the air? Could it be, even for elderly
people, that this was life?--startling, unexpected, unknown? For one
moment she felt that if they both got up, here, now on the lawn, and
demanded an explanation, why was it so short, why was it so
inexplicable, said it with violence, as two fully equipped human beings
from whom nothing should be hid might speak, then, beauty would roll
itself up; the space would fill; those empty flourishes would form into
shape; if they shouted louM
d enough Mrs. Ramsay would return. "Mrs.
Ramsay!" she said aloud, "Mrs. Ramsay!" The tears ran down her face.
[Macalister's boy took one of the fish and cut a square out of its side
to bait his hook with. The mutilated body (it was alive still) was
thrown back into the sea.]
"Mrs. Ramsay!" Lily cried, "Mrs. Ramsay!" But nothing happened. The pain
increased. That anguish could reduce one to such a pitch of
imbecility, she thought! Anyhow the old man had not heard her. He
remained benignant, calm--if one M
chose to think it, sublime. Heaven be
praised, no one had heard her cry that ignominious cry, stop pain,
stop! She had not obviously taken leave of her senses. No one had
seen her step off her strip of board into the waters of annihilation.
She remained a skimpy old maid, holding a paint-brush.
And now slowly the pain of the want, and the bitter anger (to be called
back, just as she thought she would never feel sorrow for Mrs. Ramsay
again. Had she missed her among the coffee cups at breakfast? not in
essened; and of their anguish left, as antidote, a relief
that was balm in itself, and also, but more mysteriously, a sense of
some one there, of Mrs. Ramsay, relieved for a moment of the weight that
the world had put on her, staying lightly by her side and then (for
this was Mrs. Ramsay in all her beauty) raising to her forehead a wreath
of white flowers with which she went. Lily squeezed her tubes again.
She attacked that problem of the hedge. It was strange how clearly she
saw her, stepping with her usual quicknM
ess across fields among whose
folds, purplish and soft, among whose flowers, hyacinth or lilies, she
vanished. It was some trick of the painter's eye. For days after she
had heard of her death she had seen her thus, putting her wreath to her
forehead and going unquestioningly with her companion, a shade across
the fields. The sight, the phrase, had its power to console. Wherever
she happened to be, painting, here, in the country or in London, the
vision would come to her, and her eyes, half closing, sought somethinM
to base her vision on. She looked down the railway carriage, the
omnibus; took a line from shoulder or cheek; looked at the windows
opposite; at Piccadilly, lamp-strung in the evening. All had been part
of the fields of death. But always something--it might be a face, a
voice, a paper boy crying STANDARD, NEWS--thrust through, snubbed her,
waked her, required and got in the end an effort of attention, so that
the vision must be perpetually remade. Now again, moved as she was by
some instinctive need of distance aM
nd blue, she looked at the bay
beneath her, making hillocks of the blue bars of the waves, and
stony fields of the purpler spaces, again she was roused as usual by
something incongruous. There was a brown spot in the middle of the
bay. It was a boat. Yes, she realised that after a second. But whose
boat? Mr. Ramsay's boat, she replied. Mr. Ramsay; the man who had
marched past her, with his hand raised, aloof, at the head of a
procession, in his beautiful boots, asking her for sympathy, which
she had refused. The boM
at was now half way across the bay.
So fine was the morning except for a streak of wind here and there that
the sea and sky looked all one fabric, as if sails were stuck high up
in the sky, or the clouds had dropped down into the sea. A steamer far
out at sea had drawn in the air a great scroll of smoke which stayed
there curving and circling decoratively, as if the air were a fine
gauze which held things and kept them softly in its mesh, only gently
swaying them this way and that. And as happens sometimes when thM
weather is very fine, the cliffs looked as if they were conscious of
the ships, and the ships looked as if they were conscious of the
cliffs, as if they signalled to each other some message of their own.
For sometimes quite close to the shore, the Lighthouse looked this
morning in the haze an enormous distance away.
"Where are they now?" Lily thought, looking out to sea. Where was he,
that very old man who had gone past her silently, holding a brown paper
parcel under his arm? The boat was in the middle of the bM
They don't feel a thing there, Cam thought, looking at the shore,
which, rising and falling, became steadily more distant and more
peaceful. Her hand cut a trail in the sea, as her mind made the green
swirls and streaks into patterns and, numbed and shrouded, wandered in
imagination in that underworld of waters where the pearls stuck in
clusters to white sprays, where in the green light a change came over
one's entire mind and one's body shone half transparent enveloped in a
ackened round her hand. The rush of the water ceased;
the world became full of little creaking and squeaking sounds. One
heard the waves breaking and flapping against the side of the boat as
if they were anchored in harbour. Everything became very close to one.
For the sail, upon which James had his eyes fixed until it had become
to him like a person whom he knew, sagged entirely; there they came to
a stop, flapping about waiting for a breeze, in the hot sun, miles from
shore, miles from the Lighthouse. Everything M
in the whole world seemed
to stand still. The Lighthouse became immovable, and the line of the
distant shore became fixed. The sun grew hotter and everybody seemed
to come very close together and to feel each other's presence, which
they had almost forgotten. Macalister's fishing line went plumb down
into the sea. But Mr. Ramsay went on reading with his legs curled under
He was reading a little shiny book with covers mottled like a plover's
egg. Now and again, as they hung about in that horrid calm, he turnedM
a page. And James felt that each page was turned with a peculiar
gesture aimed at him; now assertively, now commandingly; now with the
intention of making people pity him; and all the time, as his father
read and turned one after another of those little pages, James kept
dreading the moment when he would look up and speak sharply to him
about something or other. Why were they lagging about here? he would
demand, or something quite unreasonable like that. And if he does,
James thought, then I shall take a knife andM
strike him to the heart.
He had always kept this old symbol of taking a knife and striking
his father to the heart. Only now, as he grew older, and sat
staring at his father in an impotent rage, it was not him, that old
man reading, whom he wanted to kill, but it was the thing that
descended on him--without his knowing it perhaps: that fierce sudden
black-winged harpy, with its talons and its beak all cold and hard,
that struck and struck at you (he could feel the beak on his bare legs,
where it had struck when M
he was a child) and then made off, and there
he was again, an old man, very sad, reading his book. That he would
kill, that he would strike to the heart. Whatever he did--(and he
might do anything, he felt, looking at the Lighthouse and the distant
shore) whether he was in a business, in a bank, a barrister, a man at
the head of some enterprise, that he would fight, that he would track
down and stamp out--tyranny, despotism, he called it--making people
do what they did not want to do, cutting off their right to speM
could any of them say, But I won't, when he said, Come to the
Lighthouse. Do this. Fetch me that. The black wings spread, and the
hard beak tore. And then next moment, there he sat reading his book;
and he might look up--one never knew--quite reasonably. He might talk
to the Macalisters. He might be pressing a sovereign into some frozen
old woman's hand in the street, James thought, and he might be shouting
out at some fisherman's sports; he might be waving his arms in the air
with excitement. Or he might sM
it at the head of the table dead silent
from one end of dinner to the other. Yes, thought James, while the
boat slapped and dawdled there in the hot sun; there was a waste of
snow and rock very lonely and austere; and there he had come to feel,
quite often lately, when his father said something or did something
which surprised the others, there were two pairs of footprints only;
his own and his father's. They alone knew each other. What then was
this terror, this hatred? Turning back among the many leaves
past had folded in him, peering into the heart of that
forest where light and shade so chequer each other that all shape
is distorted, and one blunders, now with the sun in one's eyes,
now with a dark shadow, he sought an image to cool and detach and round
off his feeling in a concrete shape. Suppose then that as a child
sitting helpless in a perambulator, or on some one's knee, he had seen
a waggon crush ignorantly and innocently, some one's foot? Suppose he
had seen the foot first, in the grass, smooth, and wholM
wheel; and the same foot, purple, crushed. But the wheel was innocent.
So now, when his father came striding down the passage knocking them up
early in the morning to go to the Lighthouse down it came over his
foot, over Cam's foot, over anybody's foot. One sat and watched it.
But whose foot was he thinking of, and in what garden did all this
happen? For one had settings for these scenes; trees that grew there;
flowers; a certain light; a few figures. Everything tended to set
itself in a garden where tM
here was none of this gloom. None of this
throwing of hands about; people spoke in an ordinary tone of voice.
They went in and out all day long. There was an old woman gossiping in
the kitchen; and the blinds were sucked in and out by the breeze; all
was blowing, all was growing; and over all those plates and bowls and
tall brandishing red and yellow flowers a very thin yellow veil would
be drawn, like a vine leaf, at night. Things became stiller and darker
at night. But the leaf-like veil was so fine, that lights M
voices crinkled it; he could see through it a figure stooping, hear,
coming close, going away, some dress rustling, some chain tinkling.
It was in this world that the wheel went over the person's foot.
Something, he remembered, stayed flourished up in the air, something
arid and sharp descended even there, like a blade, a scimitar, smiting
through the leaves and flowers even of that happy world and making it
"It will rain," he remembered his father saying. "You won't be able to
The Lighthouse was then a silvery, misty-looking tower with a yellow
eye, that opened suddenly, and softly in the evening. Now--
James looked at the Lighthouse. He could see the white-washed rocks;
the tower, stark and straight; he could see that it was barred with
black and white; he could see windows in it; he could even see washing
spread on the rocks to dry. So that was the Lighthouse, was it?
No, the other was also the Lighthouse. For nothing was simply one
thing. The other Lighthouse was tM
rue too. It was sometimes hardly to
be seen across the bay. In the evening one looked up and saw the eye
opening and shutting and the light seemed to reach them in that airy
sunny garden where they sat.
But he pulled himself up. Whenever he said "they" or "a person," and
then began hearing the rustle of some one coming, the tinkle of some
one going, he became extremely sensitive to the presence of whoever
might be in the room. It was his father now. The strain was acute.
For in one moment if there was no breeze, hM
is father would slap the
covers of his book together, and say: "What's happening now? What are
we dawdling about here for, eh?" as, once before he had brought his
blade down among them on the terrace and she had gone stiff all over,
and if there had been an axe handy, a knife, or anything with a sharp
point he would have seized it and struck his father through the heart.
She had gone stiff all over, and then, her arm slackening, so that he
felt she listened to him no longer, she had risen somehow and gone away
left him there, impotent, ridiculous, sitting on the floor grasping
Not a breath of wind blew. The water chuckled and gurgled in the
bottom of the boat where three or four mackerel beat their tails up and
down in a pool of water not deep enough to cover them. At any moment
Mr. Ramsay (he scarcely dared look at him) might rouse himself, shut his
book, and say something sharp; but for the moment he was reading, so
that James stealthily, as if he were stealing downstairs on bare feet,
king a watchdog by a creaking board, went on thinking what
was she like, where did she go that day? He began following her from
room to room and at last they came to a room where in a blue light, as
if the reflection came from many china dishes, she talked to somebody;
he listened to her talking. She talked to a servant, saying simply
whatever came into her head. She alone spoke the truth; to her alone
could he speak it. That was the source of her everlasting attraction
for him, perhaps; she was a person to whom onM
e could say what came into
one's head. But all the time he thought of her, he was conscious of
his father following his thought, surveying it, making it shiver and
falter. At last he ceased to think.
There he sat with his hand on the tiller in the sun, staring at the
Lighthouse, powerless to move, powerless to flick off these grains of
misery which settled on his mind one after another. A rope seemed to
bind him there, and his father had knotted it and he could only escape
by taking a knife and plunging it... But M
at that moment the sail
swung slowly round, filled slowly out, the boat seemed to shake
herself, and then to move off half conscious in her sleep, and then she
woke and shot through the waves. The relief was extraordinary. They
all seemed to fall away from each other again and to be at their
ease, and the fishing-lines slanted taut across the side of the
boat. But his father did not rouse himself. He only raised his right
hand mysteriously high in the air, and let it fall upon his knee again
as if he were conductinM
g some secret symphony.
[The sea without a stain on it, thought Lily Briscoe, still standing
and looking out over the bay. The sea stretched like silk across the
bay. Distance had an extraordinary power; they had been swallowed up
in it, she felt, they were gone for ever, they had become part of the
nature of things. It was so calm; it was so quiet. The steamer itself
had vanished, but the great scroll of smoke still hung in the air and
drooped like a flag mournfully in valediction.]
then, the island, thought Cam, once more drawing her
fingers through the waves. She had never seen it from out at sea
before. It lay like that on the sea, did it, with a dent in the middle
and two sharp crags, and the sea swept in there, and spread away for
miles and miles on either side of the island. It was very small;
shaped something like a leaf stood on end. So we took a little boat,
she thought, beginning to tell herself a story of adventure about
escaping from a sinking ship. But with the sea streaming throuM
fingers, a spray of seaweed vanishing behind them, she did not want to
tell herself seriously a story; it was the sense of adventure and
escape that she wanted, for she was thinking, as the boat sailed on,
how her father's anger about the points of the compass, James's
obstinacy about the compact, and her own anguish, all had slipped, all
had passed, all had streamed away. What then came next? Where were
they going? From her hand, ice cold, held deep in the sea, there
spurted up a fountain of joy at the chanM
ge, at the escape, at the
adventure (that she should be alive, that she should be there). And
the drops falling from this sudden and unthinking fountain of joy fell
here and there on the dark, the slumbrous shapes in her mind; shapes of
a world not realised but turning in their darkness, catching here and
there, a spark of light; Greece, Rome, Constantinople. Small as it
was, and shaped something like a leaf stood on its end with the gold-
sprinkled waters flowing in and about it, it had, she supposed, a place
he universe--even that little island? The old gentlemen in the
study she thought could have told her. Sometimes she strayed in from
the garden purposely to catch them at it. There they were (it might be
Mr. Carmichael or Mr. Bankes who was sitting with her father) sitting
opposite each other in their low arm-chairs. They were crackling in
front of them the pages of THE TIMES, when she came in from the garden,
all in a muddle, about something some one had said about Christ, or
hearing that a mammoth had been dug up M
in a London street, or wondering
what Napoleon was like. Then they took all this with their clean hands
(they wore grey-coloured clothes; they smelt of heather) and they
brushed the scraps together, turning the paper, crossing their knees,
and said something now and then very brief. Just to please herself she
would take a book from the shelf and stand there, watching her father
write, so equally, so neatly from one side of the page to another, with
a little cough now and then, or something said briefly to the otherM
gentleman opposite. And she thought, standing there with her book open,
one could let whatever one thought expand here like a leaf in water;
and if it did well here, among the old gentlemen smoking and THE TIMES
crackling then it was right. And watching her father as he wrote in
his study, she thought (now sitting in the boat) he was not vain, nor a
tyrant and did not wish to make you pity him. Indeed, if he saw she
was there, reading a book, he would ask her, as gently as any one
could, Was there nothing he cM
Lest this should be wrong, she looked at him reading the little book
with the shiny cover mottled like a plover's egg. No; it was right.
Look at him now, she wanted to say aloud to James. (But James had his
eye on the sail.) He is a sarcastic brute, James would say. He brings
the talk round to himself and his books, James would say. He is
intolerably egotistical. Worst of all, he is a tyrant. But look! she
said, looking at him. Look at him now. She looked at him reading the
little book with his legsM
curled; the little book whose yellowish pages
she knew, without knowing what was written on them. It was small; it
was closely printed; on the fly-leaf, she knew, he had written that he
had spent fifteen francs on dinner; the wine had been so much; he had
given so much to the waiter; all was added up neatly at the bottom of
the page. But what might be written in the book which had rounded its
edges off in his pocket, she did not know. What he thought they none
of them knew. But he was absorbed in it, so that when M
he did now for an instant, it was not to see anything; it was to pin
down some thought more exactly. That done, his mind flew back again
and he plunged into his reading. He read, she thought, as if he were
guiding something, or wheedling a large flock of sheep, or pushing his
way up and up a single narrow path; and sometimes he went fast and
straight, and broke his way through the bramble, and sometimes it
seemed a branch struck at him, a bramble blinded him, but he was not
going to let himself be M
beaten by that; on he went, tossing over page
after page. And she went on telling herself a story about escaping
from a sinking ship, for she was safe, while he sat there; safe, as she
felt herself when she crept in from the garden, and took a book
down, and the old gentleman, lowering the paper suddenly, said
something very brief over the top of it about the character of Napoleon.
She gazed back over the sea, at the island. But the leaf was losing
its sharpness. It was very small; it was very distant. The sea wasM
more important now than the shore. Waves were all round them, tossing
and sinking, with a log wallowing down one wave; a gull riding on
another. About here, she thought, dabbling her fingers in the water, a
ship had sunk, and she murmured, dreamily half asleep, how we perished,
So much depends then, thought Lily Briscoe, looking at the sea which
had scarcely a stain on it, which was so soft that the sails and the
clouds seemed set in its blue, so much depends, she thought, upon
people are near us or far from us; for her feeling
for Mr. Ramsay changed as he sailed further and further across the bay.
It seemed to be elongated, stretched out; he seemed to become more and
more remote. He and his children seemed to be swallowed up in that
blue, that distance; but here, on the lawn, close at hand, Mr.
Carmichael suddenly grunted. She laughed. He clawed his book up from
the grass. He settled into his chair again puffing and blowing like
some sea monster. That was different altogether, because hM
near. And now again all was quiet. They must be out of bed by this
time, she supposed, looking at the house, but nothing appeared there.
But then, she remembered, they had always made off directly a meal was
over, on business of their own. It was all in keeping with this
silence, this emptiness, and the unreality of the early morning hour.
It was a way things had sometimes, she thought, lingering for a moment
and looking at the long glittering windows and the plume of blue smoke:
they became illness, beforM
e habits had spun themselves across the
surface, one felt that same unreality, which was so startling; felt
something emerge. Life was most vivid then. One could be at one's
ease. Mercifully one need not say, very briskly, crossing the lawn to
greet old Mrs. Beckwith, who would be coming out to find a corner to sit
in, "Oh, good-morning, Mrs. Beckwith! What a lovely day! Are you going
to be so bold as to sit in the sun? Jasper's hidden the chairs. Do
let me find you one!" and all the rest of the usual chatter. One M
not speak at all. One glided, one shook one's sails (there was a good
deal of movement in the bay, boats were starting off) between things,
beyond things. Empty it was not, but full to the brim. She seemed to
be standing up to the lips in some substance, to move and float and
sink in it, yes, for these waters were unfathomably deep. Into them
had spilled so many lives. The Ramsays'; the children's; and all sorts
of waifs and strays of things besides. A washer-woman with her basket;
a rook, a red-hot poker; theM
purples and grey-greens of flowers: some
common feeling which held the whole together.
It was some such feeling of completeness perhaps which, ten years ago,
standing almost where she stood now, had made her say that she must be
in love with the place. Love had a thousand shapes. There might be
lovers whose gift it was to choose out the elements of things and place
them together and so, giving them a wholeness not theirs in life, make
of some scene, or meeting of people (all now gone and separate), one of
lobed compacted things over which thought lingers, and love
Her eyes rested on the brown speck of Mr. Ramsay's sailing boat. They
would be at the Lighthouse by lunch time she supposed. But the wind
had freshened, and, as the sky changed slightly and the sea changed
slightly and the boats altered their positions, the view, which a
moment before had seemed miraculously fixed, was now unsatisfactory.
The wind had blown the trail of smoke about; there was something
displeasing about the placing of the ships.
he disproportion there seemed to upset some harmony in her own mind.
She felt an obscure distress. It was confirmed when she turned to her
picture. She had been wasting her morning. For whatever reason she
could not achieve that razor edge of balance between two opposite
forces; Mr. Ramsay and the picture; which was necessary. There was
something perhaps wrong with the design? Was it, she wondered, that
the line of the wall wanted breaking, was it that the mass of the trees
was too heavy? She smiled ironically; forM
had she not thought, when
she began, that she had solved her problem?
What was the problem then? She must try to get hold of something tht
evaded her. It evaded her when she thought of Mrs. Ramsay; it evaded
her now when she thought of her picture. Phrases came. Visions came.
Beautiful pictures. Beautiful phrases. But what she wished to get hold
of was that very jar on the nerves, the thing itself before it has been
made anything. Get that and start afresh; get that and start afresh;
she said desperately, pitchinM
g herself firmly again before her easel.
It was a miserable machine, an inefficient machine, she thought, the
human apparatus for painting or for feeling; it always broke down at
the critical moment; heroically, one must force it on. She stared,
frowning. There was the hedge, sure enough. But one got nothing by
soliciting urgently. One got only a glare in the eye from looking at
the line of the wall, or from thinking--she wore a grey hat. She was
astonishingly beautiful. Let it come, she thought, if it will come.
or there are moments when one can neither think nor feel. And if
one can neither think nor feel, she thought, where is one?
Here on the grass, on the ground, she thought, sitting down, and
examining with her brush a little colony of plantains. For the lawn
was very rough. Here sitting on the world, she thought, for she could
not shake herself free from the sense that everything this morning was
happening for the first time, perhaps for the last time, as a
traveller, even though he is half asleep, knows, looking ouM
train window, that he must look now, for he will never see that town,
or that mule-cart, or that woman at work in the fields, again. The
lawn was the world; they were up here together, on this exalted
station, she thought, looking at old Mr. Carmichael, who seemed (though
they had not said a word all this time) to share her thoughts. And she
would never see him again perhaps. He was growing old. Also, she
remembered, smiling at the slipper that dangled from his foot, he was
growing famous. People said thatM
his poetry was "so beautiful." They
went and published things he had written forty years ago. There was a
famous man now called Carmichael, she smiled, thinking how many shapes
one person might wear, how he was that in the newspapers, but here the
same as he had always been. He looked the same--greyer, rather.
Yes, he looked the same, but somebody had said, she recalled, that when
he had heard of Andrew Ramsay's death (he was killed in a second by a
shell; he should have been a great mathematician) Mr. Carmichael M
"lost all interest in life." What did it mean--that? she wondered. Had
he marched through Trafalgar Square grasping a big stick? Had he
turned pages over and over, without reading them, sitting in his room
in St. John's Wood alone? She did not know what he had done, when he
heard that Andrew was killed, but she felt it in him all the same.
They only mumbled at each other on staircases; they looked up at the
sky and said it will be fine or it won't be fine. But this was one way
of knowing people, she thought: toM
know the outline, not the detail, to
sit in one's garden and look at the slopes of a hill running purple
down into the distant heather. She knew him in that way. She knew
that he had changed somehow. She had never read a line of his poetry.
She thought that she knew how it went though, slowly and sonorously.
It was seasoned and mellow. It was about the desert and the camel. It
was about the palm tree and the sunset. It was extremely impersonal;
it said something about death; it said very little about love. There
as an impersonality about him. He wanted very little of other people.
Had he not always lurched rather awkwardly past the drawing-room window
with some newspaper under his arm, trying to avoid Mrs. Ramsay whom for
some reason he did not much like? On that account, of course, she
would always try to make him stop. He would bow to her. He would halt
unwillingly and bow profoundly. Annoyed that he did not want anything
of her, Mrs. Ramsay would ask him (Lily could hear her) wouldn't he like
a coat, a rug, a newspaper?M
No, he wanted nothing. (Here he bowed.)
There was some quality in her which he did not much like. It was
perhaps her masterfulness, her positiveness, something matter-of-fact
in her. She was so direct.
(A noise drew her attention to the drawing-room window--the squeak of a
hinge. The light breeze was toying with the window.)
There must have been people who disliked her very much, Lily thought
(Yes; she realised that the drawing-room step was empty, but it had no
effect on her whatever. She did not want Mrs. RamsM
ay now.)--People who
thought her too sure, too drastic.
Also, her beauty offended people probably. How monotonous, they would
say, and the same always! They preferred another type--the dark, the
vivacious. Then she was weak with her husband. She let him make those
scenes. Then she was reserved. Nobody knew exactly what had happened
to her. And (to go back to Mr. Carmichael and his dislike) one could not
imagine Mrs. Ramsay standing painting, lying reading, a whole morning on
the lawn. It was unthinkable. Without sM
aying a word, the only token of
her errand a basket on her arm, she went off to the town, to the poor,
to sit in some stuffy little bedroom. Often and often Lily had seen
her go silently in the midst of some game, some discussion, with her
basket on her arm, very upright. She had noted her return. She had
thought, half laughing (she was so methodical with the tea cups), half
moved (her beauty took one's breath away), eyes that are closing in
pain have looked on you. You have been with them there.
say would be annoyed because somebody was late, or the
butter not fresh, or the teapot chipped. And all the time she was
saying that the butter was not fresh one would be thinking of Greek
temples, and how beauty had been with them there in that stuffy little
room. She never talked of it--she went, punctually, directly. It was
her instinct to go, an instinct like the swallows for the south, the
artichokes for the sun, turning her infallibly to the human race,
making her nest in its heart. And this, like all instincM
little distressing to people who did not share it; to Mr. Carmichael
perhaps, to herself certainly. Some notion was in both of them about
the ineffectiveness of action, the supremacy of thought. Her going was
a reproach to them, gave a different twist to the world, so that they
were led to protest, seeing their own prepossessions disappear, and
clutch at them vanishing. Charles Tansley did that too: it was part of
the reason why one disliked him. He upset the proportions of one's
world. And what had happeM
ned to him, she wondered, idly stirring the
platains with her brush. He had got his fellowship. He had married;
he lived at Golder's Green.
She had gone one day into a Hall and heard him speaking during the war.
He was denouncing something: he was condemning somebody. He was
preaching brotherly love. And all she felt was how could he love his
kind who did not know one picture from another, who had stood behind
her smoking shag ("fivepence an ounce, Miss Briscoe") and making it his
business to tell her women can't M
write, women can't paint, not so much
that he believed it, as that for some odd reason he wished it? There
he was lean and red and raucous, preaching love from a platform (there
were ants crawling about among the plantains which she disturbed with
her brush--red, energetic, shiny ants, rather like Charles Tansley).
She had looked at him ironically from her seat in the half-empty hall,
pumping love into that chilly space, and suddenly, there was the old
cask or whatever it was bobbing up and down among the waves andM
Ramsay looking for her spectacle case among the pebbles. "Oh, dear!
What a nuisance! Lost again. Don't bother, Mr. Tansley. I lose
thousands every summer," at which he pressed his chin back against his
collar, as if afraid to sanction such exaggeration, but could stand it
in her whom he liked, and smiled very charmingly. He must have
confided in her on one of those long expeditions when people got
separated and walked back alone. He was educating his little sister,
Mrs. Ramsay had told her. It was immensely tM
o his credit. Her own idea
of him was grotesque, Lily knew well, stirring the plantains with her
brush. Half one's notions of other people were, after all, grotesque.
They served private purposes of one's own. He did for her instead of a
whipping-boy. She found herself flagellating his lean flanks when she
was out of temper. If she wanted to be serious about him she had to
help herself to Mrs. Ramsay's sayings, to look at him through her eyes.
She raised a little mountain for the ants to climb over. She reduced
em to a frenzy of indecision by this interference in their cosmogony.
Some ran this way, others that.
One wanted fifty pairs of eyes to see with, she reflected. Fifty pairs
of eyes were not enough to get round that one woman with, she thought.
Among them, must be one that was stone blind to her beauty. One wanted
most some secret sense, fine as air, with which to steal through
keyholes and surround her where she sat knitting, talking, sitting
silent in the window alone; which took to itself and treasured up like
he air which held the smoke of the steamer, her thoughts, her
imaginations, her desires. What did the hedge mean to her, what did
the garden mean to her, what did it mean to her when a wave broke?
(Lily looked up, as she had seen Mrs. Ramsay look up; she too heard a
wave falling on the beach.) And then what stirred and trembled in her
mind when the children cried, "How's that? How's that?" cricketing?
She would stop knitting for a second. She would look intent. Then she
would lapse again, and suddenly Mr. Ramsay stM
opped dead in his pacing in
front of her and some curious shock passed through her and seemed to
rock her in profound agitation on its breast when stopping there he
stood over her and looked down at her. Lily could see him.
He stretched out his hand and raised her from her chair. It seemed
somehow as if he had done it before; as if he had once bent in the same
way and raised her from a boat which, lying a few inches off some
island, had required that the ladies should thus be helped on shore by
the gentlemen. An oM
ld-fashioned scene that was, which required,
very nearly, crinolines and peg-top trousers. Letting herself be
helped by him, Mrs. Ramsay had thought (Lily supposed) the time
has come now. Yes, she would say it now. Yes, she would marry him.
And she stepped slowly, quietly on shore. Probably she said one
word only, letting her hand rest still in his. I will marry you,
she might have said, with her hand in his; but no more. Time
after time the same thrill had passed between them--obviously it
had, Lily thought, smootM
hing a way for her ants. She was not
inventing; she was only trying to smooth out something she had been
given years ago folded up; something she had seen. For in the rough
and tumble of daily life, with all those children about, all those
visitors, one had constantly a sense of repetition--of one thing
falling where another had fallen, and so setting up an echo which
chimed in the air and made it full of vibrations.
But it would be a mistake, she thought, thinking how they walked off
together, arm in arm, past thM
e greenhouse, to simplify their
relationship. It was no monotony of bliss--she with her impulses and
quicknesses; he with his shudders and glooms. Oh, no. The bedroom door
would slam violently early in the morning. He would start from the
table in a temper. He would whizz his plate through the window. Then
all through the house there would be a sense of doors slamming and
blinds fluttering, as if a gusty wind were blowing and people scudded
about trying in a hasty way to fasten hatches and make things ship-
She had met Paul Rayley like that one day on the stairs.
They had laughed and laughed, like a couple of children, all because
Mr. Ramsay, finding an earwig in his milk at breakfast had sent the
whole thing flying through the air on to the terrace outside. 'An earwig,
Prue murmured, awestruck, 'in his milk.' Other people might find
centipedes. But he had built round him such a fence of sanctity, and
occupied the space with such a demeanour of majesty that an earwig
in his milk was a monster.
But it tired Mrs. RamsaM
y, it cowed her a little--the plates whizzing
and the doors slamming. And there would fall between them sometimes
long rigid silences, when, in a state of mind which annoyed Lily
in her, half plaintive, half resentful, she seemed unable to surmount
the tempest calmly, or to laugh as they laughed, but in her weariness
perhaps concealed something. She brooded and sat silent. After a
time he would hang stealthily about the places where she was--roaming
under the window where she sat writing letters or talking, for sheM
would take care to be busy when he passed, and evade him, and pretend
not to see him. Then he would turn smooth as silk, affable, urbane,
and try to win her so. Still she would hold off, and now she would
assert for a brief season some of those prides and airs the due
of her beauty which she was generally utterly without; would turn
her head; would look so, over her shoulder, always with some
Minta, Paul, or William Bankes at her side. At length, standing
outside the group the very figure of a famished wolfhound (M
off the grass and stood looking at the steps, at the window, where she
had seen him), he would say her name, once only, for all the world like
a wolf barking in the snow, but still she held back; and he would say
it once more, and this time something in the tone would rouse her, and
she would go to him, leaving them all of a sudden, and they would walk
off together among the pear trees, the cabbages, and the raspberry
beds. They would have it out together. But with what attitudes and
with what words? SuM
ch a dignity was theirs in this relationship that,
turning away, she and Paul and Minta would hide their curiosity and
their discomfort, and begin picking flowers, throwing balls,
chattering, until it was time for dinner, and there they were, he at
one end of the table, she at the other, as usual.
"Why don't some of you take up botany?.. With all those legs and arms
why doesn't one of you...?" So they would talk as usual, laughing,
among the children. All would be as usual, save only for some quiver,
in the air, which came and went between them as if
the usual sight of the children sitting round their soup plates
had freshened itself in their eyes after that hour among the pears and
the cabbages. Especially, Lily thought, Mrs. Ramsay would glance at
Prue. She sat in the middle between brothers and sisters, always
occupied, it seemed, seeing that nothing went wrong so that she
scarcely spoke herself. How Prue must have blamed herself for that
earwig in the milk How white she had gone when Mr. Ramsay threw his
late through the window! How she drooped under those long silences
between them! Anyhow, her mother now would seem to be making it up to
her; assuring her that everything was well; promising her that one of
these days that same happiness would be hers. She had enjoyed it for
less than a year, however.
She had let the flowers fall from her basket, Lily thought, screwing up
her eyes and standing back as if to look at her picture, which she was
not touching, however, with all her faculties in a trance, frozen over
perficially but moving underneath with extreme speed.
She let her flowers fall from her basket, scattered and tumbled them on
to the grass and, reluctantly and hesitatingly, but without question or
complaint--had she not the faculty of obedience to perfection?--went
too. Down fields, across valleys, white, flower-strewn--that was
how she would have painted it. The hills were austere. It was rocky;
it was steep. The waves sounded hoarse on the stones beneath. They
went, the three of them together, Mrs. Ramsay walkiM
front, as if she expected to meet some one round the corner.
Suddenly the window at which she was looking was whitened by some light
stuff behind it. At last then somebody had come into the drawing-room;
somebody was sitting in the chair. For Heaven's sake, she prayed, let
them sit still there and not come floundering out to talk to her.
Mercifully, whoever it was stayed still inside; had settled by some
stroke of luck so as to throw an odd-shaped triangular shadow over the
step. It altered the cM
omposition of the picture a little. It was
interesting. It might be useful. Her mood was coming back to her. One
must keep on looking without for a second relaxing the intensity of
emotion, the determination not to be put off, not to be bamboozled.
One must hold the scene--so--in a vise and let nothing come in and
spoil it. One wanted, she thought, dipping her brush deliberately, to
be on a level with ordinary experience, to feel simply that's a chair,
that's a table, and yet at the same time, It's a miracle, it's M
ecstasy. The problem might be solved after all. Ah, but what had
happened? Some wave of white went over the window pane. The air must
have stirred some flounce in the room. Her heart leapt at her and
seized her and tortured her.
"Mrs. Ramsay! Mrs. Ramsay!" she cried, feeling the old horror come
back--to want and want and not to have. Could she inflict that still?
And then, quietly, as if she refrained, that too became part of
ordinary experience, was on a level with the chair, with the table.
s part of her perfect goodness--sat there quite
simply, in the chair, flicked her needles to and fro, knitted her
reddish-brown stocking, cast her shadow on the step. There she sat.
And as if she had something she must share, yet could hardly leave her
easel, so full her mind was of what she was thinking, of what she was
seeing, Lily went past Mr. Carmichael holding her brush to the edge of
the lawn. Where was that boat now? And Mr. Ramsay? She wanted him.
Mr. Ramsay had almost done reading. One hand hovereM
if to be in readiness to turn it the very instant he had finished it.
He sat there bareheaded with the wind blowing his hair about,
extraordinarily exposed to everything. He looked very old. He looked,
James thought, getting his head now against the Lighthouse, now against
the waste of waters running away into the open, like some old stone
lying on the sand; he looked as if he had become physically what was
always at the back of both of their minds--that loneliness which was
for both of them the M
He was reading very quickly, as if he were eager to get to the end.
Indeed they were very close to the Lighthouse now. There it loomed up,
stark and straight, glaring white and black, and one could see the
waves breaking in white splinters like smashed glass upon the rocks.
One could see lines and creases in the rocks. One could see the
windows clearly; a dab of white on one of them, and a little tuft of
green on the rock. A man had come out and looked at them through a
glass and gone in again.M
So it was like that, James thought, the
Lighthouse one had seen across the bay all these years; it was a stark
tower on a bare rock. It satisfied him. It confirmed some obscure
feeling of his about his own character. The old ladies, he thought,
thinking of the garden at home, went dragging their chairs about on the
lawn. Old Mrs. Beckwith, for example, was always saying how nice it was
and how sweet it was and how they ought to be so proud and they ought
to be so happy, but as a matter of fact, James thought, lookM
Lighthouse stood there on its rock, it's like that. He looked at his
father reading fiercely with his legs curled tight. They shared that
knowledge. "We are driving before a gale--we must sink," he began
saying to himself, half aloud, exactly as his father said it.
Nobody seemed to have spoken for an age. Cam was tired of looking at
the sea. Little bits of black cork had floated past; the fish were
dead in the bottom of the boat. Still her father read, and James
looked at him and she looked at him, and M
they vowed that they would
fight tyranny to the death, and he went on reading quite unconscious of
what they thought. It was thus that he escaped, she thought. Yes,
with his great forehead and his great nose, holding his little mottled
book firmly in front of him, he escaped. You might try to lay hands on
him, but then like a bird, he spread his wings, he floated off to
settle out of your reach somewhere far away on some desolate stump.
She gazed at the immense expanse of the sea. The island had grown so
it scarcely looked like a leaf any longer. It looked like
the top of a rock which some wave bigger than the rest would cover.
Yet in its frailty were all those paths, those terraces, those bedrooms--
all those innumberable things. But as, just before sleep, things
simplify themselves so that only one of all the myriad details has
power to assert itself, so, she felt, looking drowsily at the island,
all those paths and terraces and bedrooms were fading and disappearing,
and nothing was left but a pale blue censer sM
winging rhythmically this
way and that across her mind. It was a hanging garden; it was a
valley, full of birds, and flowers, and antelopes... She was falling
"Come now," said Mr. Ramsay, suddenly shutting his book.
Come where? To what extraordinary adventure? She woke with a start.
To land somewhere, to climb somewhere? Where was he leading them? For
after his immense silence the words startled them. But it was absurd.
He was hungry, he said. It was time for lunch. Besides, look, he
said. "There's the LiM
ghthouse. We're almost there."
"He's doing very well," said Macalister, praising James. "He's keeping
But his father never praised him, James thought grimly.
Mr. Ramsay opened the parcel and shared out the sandwiches among them.
Now he was happy, eating bread and cheese with these fishermen. He
would have liked to live in a cottage and lounge about in the harbour
spitting with the other old men, James thought, watching him slice his
cheese into thin yellow sheets with his penknife.
ht, this is it, Cam kept feeling, as she peeled her hard-
boiled egg. Now she felt as she did in the study when the old men were
reading THE TIMES. Now I can go on thinking whatever I like, and I
shan't fall over a precipice or be drowned, for there he is, keeping
his eye on me, she thought.
At the same time they were sailing so fast along by the rocks that it
was very exciting--it seemed as if they were doing two things at once;
they were eating their lunch here in the sun and they were also making
a great storm after a shipwreck. Would the water last?
Would the provisions last? she asked herself, telling herself a story
but knowing at the same time what was the truth.
They would soon be out of it, Mr. Ramsay was saying to old Macalister;
but their children would see some strange things. Macalister said he
was seventy-five last March; Mr. Ramsay was seventy-one. Macalister said
he had never seen a doctor; he had never lost a tooth. And that's the
way I'd like my children to live--Cam was sure that her fatherM
thinking that, for he stopped her throwing a sandwich into the sea and
told her, as if he were thinking of the fishermen and how they lived,
that if she did not want it she should put it back in the parcel. She
should not waste it. He said it so wisely, as if he knew so well all
the things that happened in the world that she put it back at once, and
then he gave her, from his own parcel, a gingerbread nut, as if he were
a great Spanish gentleman, she thought, handing a flower to a lady at a
window (so courteouM
s his manner was). He was shabby, and simple,
eating bread and cheese; and yet he was leading them on a great
expedition where, for all she knew, they would be drowned.
"That was where she sunk," said Macalister's boy suddenly.
Three men were drowned where we are now, the old man said. He had seen
them clinging to the mast himself. And Mr. Ramsay taking a look at the
spot was about, James and Cam were afraid, to burst out:
But I beneath a rougher sea,
and if he did, they could not bear it; they would shriek aM
could not endure another explosion of the passion that boiled in him;
but to their surprise all he said was "Ah" as if he thought to himself.
But why make a fuss about that? Naturally men are drowned in a storm,
but it is a perfectly straightforward affair, and the depths of the sea
(he sprinkled the crumbs from his sandwich paper over them) are only
water after all. Then having lighted his pipe he took out his watch.
He looked at it attentively; he made, perhaps, some mathematical
calculation. At last hM
e said, triumphantly:
"Well done!" James had steered them like a born sailor.
There! Cam thought, addressing herself silently to James. You've got
it at last. For she knew that this was what James had been wanting,
and she knew that now he had got it he was so pleased that he would not
look at her or at his father or at any one. There he sat with his hand
on the tiller sitting bolt upright, looking rather sulky and frowning
slightly. He was so pleased that he was not going to let anybody share
a grain of his pleaM
sure. His father had praised him. They must think
that he was perfectly indifferent. But you've got it now, Cam thought.
They had tacked, and they were sailing swiftly, buoyantly on long
rocking waves which handed them on from one to another with an
extraordinary lilt and exhilaration beside the reef. On the left a
row of rocks showed brown through the water which thinned and
became greener and on one, a higher rock, a wave incessantly broke
and spurted a little column of drops which fell down in a shower. One
ld hear the slap of the water and the patter of falling drops and a
kind of hushing and hissing sound from the waves rolling and gambolling
and slapping the rocks as if they were wild creatures who were
perfectly free and tossed and tumbled and sported like this for ever.
Now they could see two men on the Lighthouse, watching them and making
Mr. Ramsay buttoned his coat, and turned up his trousers. He took the
large, badly packed, brown paper parcel which Nancy had got ready and
his knee. Thus in complete readiness to land he sat
looking back at the island. With his long-sighted eyes perhaps he
could see the dwindled leaf-like shape standing on end on a plate of
gold quite clearly. What could he see? Cam wondered. It was all a
blur to her. What was he thinking now? she wondered. What was it he
sought, so fixedly, so intently, so silently? They watched him, both
of them, sitting bareheaded with his parcel on his knee staring and
staring at the frail blue shape which seemed like the vapour M
something that had burnt itself away. What do you want? they both
wanted to ask. They both wanted to say, Ask us anything and we will
give it you. But he did not ask them anything. He sat and looked at
the island and he might be thinking, We perished, each alone, or he
might be thinking, I have reached it. I have found it; but he said
Then he put on his hat.
"Bring those parcels," he said, nodding his head at the things Nancy
had done up for them to take to the Lighthouse. "The parcels for the
use men," he said. He rose and stood in the bow of the boat,
very straight and tall, for all the world, James thought, as if he were
saying, "There is no God," and Cam thought, as if he were leaping into
space, and they both rose to follow him as he sprang, lightly like a
young man, holding his parcel, on to the rock.
"He must have reached it," said Lily Briscoe aloud, feeling suddenly
completely tired out. For the Lighthouse had become almost invisible,
had melted away into a blue haze, and the effort of loM
the effort of thinking of him landing there, which both seemed to be
one and the same effort, had stretched her body and mind to the utmost.
Ah, but she was relieved. Whatever she had wanted to give him, when he
left her that morning, she had given him at last.
"He has landed," she said aloud. "It is finished." Then, surging up,
puffing slightly, old Mr. Carmichael stood beside her, looking like an
old pagan god, shaggy, with weeds in his hair and the trident (it was
only a French novel) in his hanM
d. He stood by her on the edge of the
lawn, swaying a little in his bulk and said, shading his eyes with his
hand: "They will have landed," and she felt that she had been right.
They had not needed to speak. They had been thinking the same things
and he had answered her without her asking him anything. He stood
there as if he were spreading his hands over all the weakness and
suffering of mankind; she thought he was surveying, tolerantly and
compassionately, their final destiny. Now he has crowned the occasion,
thought, when his hand slowly fell, as if she had seen him let fall
from his great height a wreath of violets and asphodels which,
fluttering slowly, lay at length upon the earth.
Quickly, as if she were recalled by something over there, she turned to
her canvas. There it was--her picture. Yes, with all its greens and
blues, its lines running up and across, its attempt at something. It
would be hung in the attics, she thought; it would be destroyed. But
what did that matter? she asked herself, taking up her brushM;
She looked at the steps; they were empty; she looked at her canvas; it
was blurred. With a sudden intensity, as if she saw it clear for a
second, she drew a line there, in the centre. It was done; it was
finished. Yes, she thought, laying down her brush in extreme fatigue,
I have had my vision.
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What the great learning teaches, is to illustrate illustrious virtue;
to renovate the people; and to rest in the highest excellence.
The point where to rest being known, the object of pursuit is then
determined; and, that being determined, a calm unperturbedness may
be attained to. To that calmness there will succeed a tranquil repose.
In that repose there may be careful deliberation, and that deliberation
will be followed by the attainment of the desired end.
ngs have their root and their branches. Affairs have their end
and their beginning. To know what is first and what is last will lead
near to what is taught in the Great Learning.
The ancients who wished to illustrate illustrious virtue throughout
the kingdom, first ordered well their own states. Wishing to order
well their states, they first regulated their families. Wishing to
regulate their families, they first cultivated their persons. Wishing
to cultivate their persons, they first rectified their hearM
to rectify their hearts, they first sought to be sincere in their
thoughts. Wishing to be sincere in their thoughts, they first extended
to the utmost their knowledge. Such extension of knowledge lay in
the investigation of things.
Things being investigated, knowledge became complete. Their knowledge
being complete, their thoughts were sincere. Their thoughts being
sincere, their hearts were then rectified. Their hearts being rectified,
their persons were cultivated. Their persons being cultiM
families were regulated. Their families being regulated, their states
were rightly governed. Their states being rightly governed, the whole
kingdom was made tranquil and happy.
From the Son of Heaven down to the mass of the people, all must consider
the cultivation of the person the root of everything besides.
It cannot be, when the root is neglected, that what should spring
from it will be well ordered. It never has been the case that what
was of great importance has been slightly cared fM
or, and, at the same
time, that what was of slight importance has been greatly cared for.
Commentary of the philosopher Tsang
In the Announcement to K'ang, it is said, "He was able to make his
virtue illustrious."
In the Tai Chia, it is said, "He contemplated and studied the illustrious
decrees of Heaven."
In the Canon of the emperor (Yao), it is said, "He was able to make
illustrious his lofty virtue."
These passages all show how those sovereigns made themselves illustrious.
tub of T'ang, the following words were engraved: "If
you can one day renovate yourself, do so from day to day. Yea, let
there be daily renovation."
In the Announcement to K'ang, it is said, "To stir up the new people."
In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "Although Chau was an ancient state
the ordinance which lighted on it was new."
Therefore, the superior man in everything uses his utmost endeavors.
In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "The royal domain of a thousand
li is where the people rest."
In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "The twittering yellow bird rests
on a corner of the mound." The Master said, "When it rests, it knows
where to rest. Is it possible that a man should not be equal to this
In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "Profound was King Wan. With how
bright and unceasing a feeling of reverence did he regard his resting
places!" As a sovereign, he rested in benevolence. As a minister,
he rested in reverence. As a son, he rested in filial piety. As a
father, he rested in kM
indness. In communication with his subjects,
he rested in good faith.
In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "Look at that winding course of
the Ch'i, with the green bamboos so luxuriant! Here is our elegant
and accomplished prince! As we cut and then file; as we chisel and
then grind: so has he cultivated himself. How grave is he and dignified!
How majestic and distinguished! Our elegant and accomplished prince
never can be forgotten." That expression-"As we cut and then file,"
the work of learning. "As we M
chisel and then grind," indicates that
of self-culture. "How grave is he and dignified!" indicates the feeling
of cautious reverence. "How commanding and distinguished! indicates
an awe-inspiring deportment. "Our elegant and accomplished prince
never can be forgotten," indicates how, when virtue is complete and
excellence extreme, the people cannot forget them.
In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "Ah! the former kings are not forgotten."
Future princes deem worthy what they deemed worthy, and love what
ey loved. The common people delight in what delighted them, and
are benefited by their beneficial arrangements. It is on this account
that the former kings, after they have quitted the world, are not
The Master said, "In hearing litigations, I am like any other body.
What is necessary is to cause the people to have no litigations."
So, those who are devoid of principle find it impossible to carry
out their speeches, and a great awe would be struck into men's minds;-this
is called knowing the rM
This is called knowing the root. This is called the perfecting of
What is meant by "making the thoughts sincere." is the allowing no
self-deception, as when we hate a bad smell, and as when we love what
is beautiful. This is called self-enjoyment. Therefore, the superior
man must be watchful over himself when he is alone.
There is no evil to which the mean man, dwelling retired, will not
proceed, but when he sees a superior man, he instantly tries to disguise
himself, concealing hiM
s evil, and displaying what is good. The other
beholds him, as if he saw his heart and reins;-of what use is his
disguise? This is an instance of the saying -"What truly is within
will be manifested without." Therefore, the superior man must be watchful
over himself when he is alone.
The disciple Tsang said, "What ten eyes behold, what ten hands point
to, is to be regarded with reverence!"
Riches adorn a house, and virtue adorns the person. The mind is expanded,
and the body is at ease. Therefore, theM
superior man must make his
What is meant by, "The cultivation of the person depends on rectifying
the mind may be thus illustrated:-If a man be under the influence
of passion he will be incorrect in his conduct. He will be the same,
if he is under the influence of terror, or under the influence of
fond regard, or under that of sorrow and distress.
When the mind is not present, we look and do not see; we hear and
do not understand; we eat and do not know the taste of what we eat.
This is what is meant by saying that the cultivation of the person
depends on the rectifying of the mind.
What is meant by "The regulation of one's family depends on the cultivation
of his person is this:-men are partial where they feel affection and
love; partial where they despise and dislike; partial where they stand
in awe and reverence; partial where they feel sorrow and compassion;
partial where they are arrogant and rude. Thus it is that there are
few men in the world who love and at the same time M
know the bad qualities
of the object of their love, or who hate and yet know the excellences
of the object of their hatred.
Hence it is said, in the common adage,"A man does not know the wickedness
of his son; he does not know the richness of his growing corn."
This is what is meant by saying that if the person be not cultivated,
a man cannot regulate his family.
What is meant by "In order rightly to govern the state, it is necessary
first to regulate the family," is this:-It is not possible for oneM
to teach others, while he cannot teach his own family. Therefore,
the ruler, without going beyond his family, completes the lessons
for the state. There is filial piety:-therewith the. sovereign should
be served. There is fraternal submission:-therewith elders and superiors
should be served. There is kindness:-therewith the multitude should
In the Announcement to K'ang, it is said, "Act as if you were watching
over an infant." If a mother is really anxious about it, though she
xactly the wants of her infant, she will not be far from
doing so. There never has been a girl who learned to bring up a child,
that she might afterwards marry.
From the loving example of one family a whole state becomes loving,
and from its courtesies the whole state becomes courteous while, from
the ambition and perverseness of the One man, the whole state may
be led to rebellious disorder;-such is the nature of the influence.
This verifies the saying, "Affairs may be ruined by a single sentence;
gdom may be settled by its One man."
Yao and Shun led on the kingdom with benevolence and the people followed
them. Chieh and Chau led on the kingdom with violence, and people
followed them. The orders which these issued were contrary to the
practices which they loved, and so the people did not follow them.
On this account, the ruler must himself be possessed of the good qualities,
and then he may require them in the people. He must not have the bad
qualities in himself, and then he may require that they M
be in the people. Never has there been a man, who, not having reference
to his own character and wishes in dealing with others, was able effectually
Thus we see how the government of the state depends on the regulation
In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "That peach tree, so delicate and
elegant! How luxuriant is its foliage! This girl is going to her husband's
house. She will rightly order her household." Let the household be
rightly ordered, and then the peM
ople of the state may be taught.
In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "They can discharge their duties
to their elder brothers. They can discharge their duties to their
younger brothers." Let the ruler discharge his duties to his elder
and younger brothers, and then he may teach the people of the state.
In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "In his deportment there is nothing
wrong; he rectifies all the people of the state." Yes; when the ruler,
as a father, a son, and a brother, is a model, then the people iM
This is what is meant by saying, "The government of his kingdom depends
on his regulation of the family."
What is meant by "The making the whole kingdom peaceful and happy
depends on the government of his state," this:-When the sovereign
behaves to his aged, as the aged should be behaved to, the people
become final; when the sovereign behaves to his elders, as the elders
should be behaved to, the people learn brotherly submission; when
the sovereign treats compassionately the young and heM
do the same. Thus the ruler has a principle with which, as with a
measuring square, he may regulate his conduct.
What a man dislikes in his superiors, let him not display in the treatment
of his inferiors; what he dislikes in inferiors, let him not display
in the service of his superiors; what he hates in those who are before
him, let him not therewith precede those who are behind him; what
he hates in those who are behind him, let him not bestow on the left;
what he hates to receive oM
n the left, let him not bestow on the right:-this
is what is called "The principle with which, as with a measuring square,
to regulate one's conduct."
In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "How much to be rejoiced in are
these princes, the parents of the people!" When a prince loves what
the people love, and hates what the people hate, then is he what is
called the parent of the people.
In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "Lofty is that southern hill, with
its rugged masses of rocks! Greatly distinguishedM
are you, O grand-teacher
Yin, the people all look up to you. "Rulers of states may not neglect
to be careful. If they deviate to a mean selfishness, they will be
a disgrace in the kingdom.
In the Book of Poetry, it is said, "Before the sovereigns of the Yin
dynasty had lost the hearts of the people, they could appear before
God. Take warning from the house of Yin. The great decree is not easily
preserved." This shows that, by gaining the people, the kingdom is
gained, and, by losing the people, the kingM
On this account, the ruler will first take pains about his own virtue.
Possessing virtue will give him the people. Possessing the people
will give the territory. Possessing the territory will give him its
wealth. Possessing the wealth, he will have resources for expenditure.
Virtue is the root; wealth is the result.
If he make the root his secondary object, and the result his primary,
he will only wrangle with his people, and teach them rapine.
Hence, the accumulation of wealth is the wM
ay to scatter the people;
and the letting it be scattered among them is the way to collect the
And hence, the ruler's words going forth contrary to right, will come
back to him in the same way, and wealth, gotten by improper ways,
will take its departure by the same.
In the Announcement to K'ang, it is said, "The decree indeed may not
always rest on us"; that is, goodness obtains the decree, and the
want of goodness loses it.
In the Book of Ch'u, it is said, "The kingdom of Ch'u does not cM
that to be valuable. It values, instead, its good men."
Duke Wan's uncle, Fan, said, "Our fugitive does not account that to
be precious. What he considers precious is the affection due to his
In the Declaration of the Duke of Ch'in, it is said, "Let me have
but one minister, plain and sincere, not pretending to other abilities,
but with a simple, upright, mind; and possessed of generosity, regarding
the talents of others as though he himself possessed them, and, where
lished and perspicacious men, loving them in his heart
more than his mouth expresses, and really showing himself able to
bear them and employ them:-such a minister will be able to preserve
my sons and grandsons and black-haired people, and benefits likewise
to the kingdom may well be looked for from him. But if it be his character,
when he finds men of ability, to be jealous and hate them; and, when
he finds accomplished and perspicacious men, to oppose them and not
allow their advancement, showing himself rM
eally not able to bear them:
such a minister will not be able to protect my sons and grandsons
and people; and may he not also be pronounced dangerous to the state?"
It is only the truly virtuous man who can send away such a man and
banish him, driving him out among the barbarous tribes around, determined
not to dwell along with him in the Auddle Kingdom. This is in accordance
with the saying, "It is only the truly virtuous man who can love or
who can hate others."
To see men of worth and not be able tM
o raise them to office; to raise
them to office, but not to do so quickly:-this is disrespectful. To
see bad men and not be able to remove them; to remove them, but not
to do so to a distance:-this is weakness.
To love those whom men hate, and to hate those whom men love;-this
is to outrage the natural feeling of men. Calamities cannot fail to
come down on him who does so.
Thus we see that the sovereign has a great course to pursue. He must
show entire self-devotion and sincerity to attain it, and by M
and extravagance he will fail of it.
There is a great course also for the production of wealth. Let the
producers be many and the consumers few. Let there be activity in
the production, and economy in the expenditure. Then the wealth will
always be sufficient.
The virtuous ruler, by means of his wealth, makes himself more distinguished.
The vicious ruler accumulates wealth, at the expense of his life.
Never has there been a case of the sovereign loving benevolence, and
the people not loving rM
ighteousness. Never has there been a case where
the people have loved righteousness, and the affairs of the sovereign
have not been carried to completion. And never has there been a case
where the wealth in such a state, collected in the treasuries and
arsenals, did not continue in the sovereign's possession.
The officer Mang Hsien said, "He who keeps horses and a carriage does
not look after fowls and pigs. The family which keeps its stores of
ice does not rear cattle or sheep. So, the house which possessM
hundred chariots should not keep a minister to look out for imposts
that he may lay them on the people. Than to have such a minister,
it were better for that house to have one who should rob it of its
revenues." This is in accordance with the saying:-"In a state, pecuniary
gain is not to be considered to be prosperity, but its prosperity
will be found in righteousness."
When he who presides over a state or a family makes his revenues his
chief business, he must be under the influence of some small, M
man. He may consider this man to be good; but when such a person is
employed in the administration of a state or family, calamities from
Heaven, and injuries from men, will befall it together, and, though
a good man may take his place, he will not be able to remedy the evil.
This illustrates again the saying, "In a state, gain is not to be
considered prosperity, but its prosperity will be found in righteousness."
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The Great Way is gateless,
Approached in a thousand ways.
Once past this checkpoint
You stride through the universe.
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With realization, things make one family;
Without realization, things are separated in a thousand ways.
Without realization, things make one family;
With realization, things are separated in a thousand ways.
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Things are said to be named 'equivocally' when, though they have
a common name, the definition corresponding with the name differs
for each. Thus, a real man and a figure in a picture can both lay
claim to the name 'animal'; yet these are equivocally so named, for,
though they have a common name, the definition corresponding with
the name differs for each. For should any one define in what sense
each is an animal, his definition in the one case will be aM
On the other hand, things are said to be named 'univocally' which
have both the name and the definition answering to the name in common.
A man and an ox are both 'animal', and these are univocally so named,
inasmuch as not only the name, but also the definition, is the same
in both cases: for if a man should state in what sense each is an
animal, the statement in the one case would be identical with that
Things are said to be named 'derivatively', which derM
from some other name, but differ from it in termination. Thus the
grammarian derives his name from the word 'grammar', and the courageous
man from the word 'courage'.
Forms of speech are either simple or composite. Examples of the latter
are such expressions as 'the man runs', 'the man wins'; of the former
'man', 'ox', 'runs', 'wins'.
Of things themselves some are predicable of a subject, and are never
present in a subject. Thus 'man' is predicable of the individual man,
d is never present in a subject.
By being 'present in a subject' I do not mean present as parts are
present in a whole, but being incapable of existence apart from the
Some things, again, are present in a subject, but are never predicable
of a subject. For instance, a certain point of grammatical knowledge
is present in the mind, but is not predicable of any subject; or again,
a certain whiteness may be present in the body (for colour requires
a material basis), yet it is never predicablM
Other things, again, are both predicable of a subject and present
in a subject. Thus while knowledge is present in the human mind, it
is predicable of grammar.
There is, lastly, a class of things which are neither present in a
subject nor predicable of a subject, such as the individual man or
the individual horse. But, to speak more generally, that which is
individual and has the character of a unit is never predicable of
a subject. Yet in some cases there is nothing to prevent such beinM
present in a subject. Thus a certain point of grammatical knowledge
is present in a subject.
When one thing is predicated of another, all that which is predicable
of the predicate will be predicable also of the subject. Thus, 'man'
is predicated of the individual man; but 'animal' is predicated of
'man'; it will, therefore, be predicable of the individual man also:
for the individual man is both 'man' and 'animal'.
If genera are different and co-ordinate, their differentiae are themselveM
different in kind. Take as an instance the genus 'animal' and the
genus 'knowledge'. 'With feet', 'two-footed', 'winged', 'aquatic',
are differentiae of 'animal'; the species of knowledge are not distinguished
by the same differentiae. One species of knowledge does not differ
from another in being 'two-footed'.
But where one genus is subordinate to another, there is nothing to
prevent their having the same differentiae: for the greater class
is predicated of the lesser, so that all the differentiae of M
will be differentiae also of the subject.
Expressions which are in no way composite signify substance, quantity,
quality, relation, place, time, position, state, action, or affection.
To sketch my meaning roughly, examples of substance are 'man' or 'the
horse', of quantity, such terms as 'two cubits long' or 'three cubits
long', of quality, such attributes as 'white', 'grammatical'. 'Double',
'half', 'greater', fall under the category of relation; 'in a the
market place', 'in thM
e Lyceum', under that of place; 'yesterday',
'last year', under that of time. 'Lying', 'sitting', are terms indicating
position, 'shod', 'armed', state; 'to lance', 'to cauterize', action;
'to be lanced', 'to be cauterized', affection.
No one of these terms, in and by itself, involves an affirmation;
it is by the combination of such terms that positive or negative statements
arise. For every assertion must, as is admitted, be either true or
false, whereas expressions which are not in any way composite sucM
as 'man', 'white', 'runs', 'wins', cannot be either true or false.
Substance, in the truest and primary and most definite sense of the
word, is that which is neither predicable of a subject nor present
in a subject; for instance, the individual man or horse. But in a
secondary sense those things are called substances within which, as
species, the primary substances are included; also those which, as
genera, include the species. For instance, the individual man is included
in the species 'manM
', and the genus to which the species belongs is
'animal'; these, therefore-that is to say, the species 'man' and the
genus 'animal,-are termed secondary substances.
It is plain from what has been said that both the name and the definition
of the predicate must be predicable of the subject. For instance,
'man' is predicted of the individual man. Now in this case the name
of the species man' is applied to the individual, for we use the term
'man' in describing the individual; and the definition of 'man' wiM
also be predicated of the individual man, for the individual man is
both man and animal. Thus, both the name and the definition of the
species are predicable of the individual.
With regard, on the other hand, to those things which are present
in a subject, it is generally the case that neither their name nor
their definition is predicable of that in which they are present.
Though, however, the definition is never predicable, there is nothing
in certain cases to prevent the name being used. For instancM
being present in a body is predicated of that in which it is present,
for a body is called white: the definition, however, of the colour
white' is never predicable of the body.
Everything except primary substances is either predicable of a primary
substance or present in a primary substance. This becomes evident
by reference to particular instances which occur. 'Animal' is predicated
of the species 'man', therefore of the individual man, for if there
were no individual man of whom it could be M
predicated, it could not
be predicated of the species 'man' at all. Again, colour is present
in body, therefore in individual bodies, for if there were no individual
body in which it was present, it could not be present in body at all.
Thus everything except primary substances is either predicated of
primary substances, or is present in them, and if these last did not
exist, it would be impossible for anything else to exist.
Of secondary substances, the species is more truly substance than
g more nearly related to primary substance. For if
any one should render an account of what a primary substance is, he
would render a more instructive account, and one more proper to the
subject, by stating the species than by stating the genus. Thus, he
would give a more instructive account of an individual man by stating
that he was man than by stating that he was animal, for the former
description is peculiar to the individual in a greater degree, while
the latter is too general. Again, the man who gives M
the nature of an individual tree will give a more instructive account
by mentioning the species 'tree' than by mentioning the genus 'plant'.
Moreover, primary substances are most properly called substances in
virtue of the fact that they are the entities which underlie every.
else, and that everything else is either predicated of them or present
in them. Now the same relation which subsists between primary substance
and everything else subsists also between the species and the genus:
species is to the genus as subject is to predicate, since
the genus is predicated of the species, whereas the species cannot
be predicated of the genus. Thus we have a second ground for asserting
that the species is more truly substance than the genus.
Of species themselves, except in the case of such as are genera, no
one is more truly substance than another. We should not give a more
appropriate account of the individual man by stating the species to
which he belonged, than we should of an individual hoM
the same method of definition. In the same way, of primary substances,
no one is more truly substance than another; an individual man is
not more truly substance than an individual ox.
It is, then, with good reason that of all that remains, when we exclude
primary substances, we concede to species and genera alone the name
'secondary substance', for these alone of all the predicates convey
a knowledge of primary substance. For it is by stating the species
or the genus that we appropriatelM
y define any individual man; and
we shall make our definition more exact by stating the former than
by stating the latter. All other things that we state, such as that
he is white, that he runs, and so on, are irrelevant to the definition.
Thus it is just that these alone, apart from primary substances, should
be called substances.
Further, primary substances are most properly so called, because they
underlie and are the subjects of everything else. Now the same relation
that subsists between primary subM
stance and everything else subsists
also between the species and the genus to which the primary substance
belongs, on the one hand, and every attribute which is not included
within these, on the other. For these are the subjects of all such.
If we call an individual man 'skilled in grammar', the predicate is
applicable also to the species and to the genus to which he belongs.
This law holds good in all cases.
It is a common characteristic of all sub. stance that it is never
present in a subject. For primM
ary substance is neither present in
a subject nor predicated of a subject; while, with regard to secondary
substances, it is clear from the following arguments (apart from others)
that they are not present in a subject. For 'man' is predicated of
the individual man, but is not present in any subject: for manhood
is not present in the individual man. In the same way, 'animal' is
also predicated of the individual man, but is not present in him.
Again, when a thing is present in a subject, though the name may qM
well be applied to that in which it is present, the definition cannot
be applied. Yet of secondary substances, not only the name, but also
the definition, applies to the subject: we should use both the definition
of the species and that of the genus with reference to the individual
man. Thus substance cannot be present in a subject.
Yet this is not peculiar to substance, for it is also the case that
differentiae cannot be present in subjects. The characteristics 'terrestrial'
and 'two-footed' are prM
edicated of the species 'man', but not present
in it. For they are not in man. Moreover, the definition of the differentia
may be predicated of that of which the differentia itself is predicated.
For instance, if the characteristic 'terrestrial' is predicated of
the species 'man', the definition also of that characteristic may
be used to form the predicate of the species 'man': for 'man' is terrestrial.
The fact that the parts of substances appear to be present in the
whole, as in a subject, should not makM
e us apprehensive lest we should
have to admit that such parts are not substances: for in explaining
the phrase 'being present in a subject', we stated' that we meant
'otherwise than as parts in a whole'.
It is the mark of substances and of differentiae that, in all propositions
of which they form the predicate, they are predicated univocally.
For all such propositions have for their subject either the individual
or the species. It is true that, inasmuch as primary substance is
not predicable of anythingM
, it can never form the predicate of any
proposition. But of secondary substances, the species is predicated
of the individual, the genus both of the species and of the individual.
Similarly the differentiae are predicated of the species and of the
individuals. Moreover, the definition of the species and that of the
genus are applicable to the primary substance, and that of the genus
to the species. For all that is predicated of the predicate will be
predicated also of the subject. Similarly, the definition M
will be applicable to the species and to the individuals. But it was
stated above that the word 'univocal' was applied to those things
which had both name and definition in common. It is, therefore, established
that in every proposition, of which either substance or a differentia
forms the predicate, these are predicated univocally.
All substance appears to signify that which is individual. In the
case of primary substance this is indisputably true, for the thing
is a unit. In the casM
e of secondary substances, when we speak, for
instance, of 'man' or 'animal', our form of speech gives the impression
that we are here also indicating that which is individual, but the
impression is not strictly true; for a secondary substance is not
an individual, but a class with a certain qualification; for it is
not one and single as a primary substance is; the words 'man', 'animal',
are predicable of more than one subject.
Yet species and genus do not merely indicate quality, like the term
'white' indicates quality and nothing further, but species
and genus determine the quality with reference to a substance: they
signify substance qualitatively differentiated. The determinate qualification
covers a larger field in the case of the genus that in that of the
species: he who uses the word 'animal' is herein using a word of wider
extension than he who uses the word 'man'.
Another mark of substance is that it has no contrary. What could be
the contrary of any primary substance, such as the indivM
or animal? It has none. Nor can the species or the genus have a contrary.
Yet this characteristic is not peculiar to substance, but is true
of many other things, such as quantity. There is nothing that forms
the contrary of 'two cubits long' or of 'three cubits long', or of
'ten', or of any such term. A man may contend that 'much' is the contrary
of 'little', or 'great' of 'small', but of definite quantitative terms
no contrary exists.
Substance, again, does not appear to admit of variation of M
I do not mean by this that one substance cannot be more or less truly
substance than another, for it has already been stated' that this
is the case; but that no single substance admits of varying degrees
within itself. For instance, one particular substance, 'man', cannot
be more or less man either than himself at some other time or than
some other man. One man cannot be more man than another, as that which
is white may be more or less white than some other white object, or
as that which is beautifuM
l may be more or less beautiful than some
other beautiful object. The same quality, moreover, is said to subsist
in a thing in varying degrees at different times. A body, being white,
is said to be whiter at one time than it was before, or, being warm,
is said to be warmer or less warm than at some other time. But substance
is not said to be more or less that which it is: a man is not more
truly a man at one time than he was before, nor is anything, if it
is substance, more or less what it is. Substance, theM
of variation of degree.
The most distinctive mark of substance appears to be that, while remaining
numerically one and the same, it is capable of admitting contrary
qualities. From among things other than substance, we should find
ourselves unable to bring forward any which possessed this mark. Thus,
one and the same colour cannot be white and black. Nor can the same
one action be good and bad: this law holds good with everything that
is not substance. But one and the selfsame substanceM
its identity, is yet capable of admitting contrary qualities. The
same individual person is at one time white, at another black, at
one time warm, at another cold, at one time good, at another bad.
This capacity is found nowhere else, though it might be maintained
that a statement or opinion was an exception to the rule. The same
statement, it is agreed, can be both true and false. For if the statement
'he is sitting' is true, yet, when the person in question has risen,
the same statement M
will be false. The same applies to opinions. For
if any one thinks truly that a person is sitting, yet, when that person
has risen, this same opinion, if still held, will be false. Yet although
this exception may be allowed, there is, nevertheless, a difference
in the manner in which the thing takes place. It is by themselves
changing that substances admit contrary qualities. It is thus that
that which was hot becomes cold, for it has entered into a different
state. Similarly that which was white becomes blaM
was bad good, by a process of change; and in the same way in all other
cases it is by changing that substances are capable of admitting contrary
qualities. But statements and opinions themselves remain unaltered
in all respects: it is by the alteration in the facts of the case
that the contrary quality comes to be theirs. The statement 'he is
sitting' remains unaltered, but it is at one time true, at another
false, according to circumstances. What has been said of statements
to opinions. Thus, in respect of the manner in which
the thing takes place, it is the peculiar mark of substance that it
should be capable of admitting contrary qualities; for it is by itself
changing that it does so.
If, then, a man should make this exception and contend that statements
and opinions are capable of admitting contrary qualities, his contention
is unsound. For statements and opinions are said to have this capacity,
not because they themselves undergo modification, but because this
tion occurs in the case of something else. The truth or falsity
of a statement depends on facts, and not on any power on the part
of the statement itself of admitting contrary qualities. In short,
there is nothing which can alter the nature of statements and opinions.
As, then, no change takes place in themselves, these cannot be said
to be capable of admitting contrary qualities.
But it is by reason of the modification which takes place within the
substance itself that a substance is said to be capable oM
contrary qualities; for a substance admits within itself either disease
or health, whiteness or blackness. It is in this sense that it is
said to be capable of admitting contrary qualities.
To sum up, it is a distinctive mark of substance, that, while remaining
numerically one and the same, it is capable of admitting contrary
qualities, the modification taking place through a change in the substance
Let these remarks suffice on the subject of substance.
either discrete or continuous. Moreover, some quantities
are such that each part of the whole has a relative position to the
other parts: others have within them no such relation of part to part.
Instances of discrete quantities are number and speech; of continuous,
lines, surfaces, solids, and, besides these, time and place.
In the case of the parts of a number, there is no common boundary
at which they join. For example: two fives make ten, but the two fives
have no common boundary, but are separate; tM
he parts three and seven
also do not join at any boundary. Nor, to generalize, would it ever
be possible in the case of number that there should be a common boundary
among the parts; they are always separate. Number, therefore, is a
The same is true of speech. That speech is a quantity is evident:
for it is measured in long and short syllables. I mean here that speech
which is vocal. Moreover, it is a discrete quantity for its parts
have no common boundary. There is no common boundary M
syllables join, but each is separate and distinct from the rest.
A line, on the other hand, is a continuous quantity, for it is possible
to find a common boundary at which its parts join. In the case of
the line, this common boundary is the point; in the case of the plane,
it is the line: for the parts of the plane have also a common boundary.
Similarly you can find a common boundary in the case of the parts
of a solid, namely either a line or a plane.
Space and time also belong to this clM
ass of quantities. Time, past,
present, and future, forms a continuous whole. Space, likewise, is
a continuous quantity; for the parts of a solid occupy a certain space,
and these have a common boundary; it follows that the parts of space
also, which are occupied by the parts of the solid, have the same
common boundary as the parts of the solid. Thus, not only time, but
space also, is a continuous quantity, for its parts have a common
Quantities consist either of parts which bear a relative posM
each to each, or of parts which do not. The parts of a line bear a
relative position to each other, for each lies somewhere, and it would
be possible to distinguish each, and to state the position of each
on the plane and to explain to what sort of part among the rest each
was contiguous. Similarly the parts of a plane have position, for
it could similarly be stated what was the position of each and what
sort of parts were contiguous. The same is true with regard to the
solid and to space. But it woulM
d be impossible to show that the arts
of a number had a relative position each to each, or a particular
position, or to state what parts were contiguous. Nor could this be
done in the case of time, for none of the parts of time has an abiding
existence, and that which does not abide can hardly have position.
It would be better to say that such parts had a relative order, in
virtue of one being prior to another. Similarly with number: in counting,
'one' is prior to 'two', and 'two' to 'three', and thus the paM
of number may be said to possess a relative order, though it would
be impossible to discover any distinct position for each. This holds
good also in the case of speech. None of its parts has an abiding
existence: when once a syllable is pronounced, it is not possible
to retain it, so that, naturally, as the parts do not abide, they
cannot have position. Thus, some quantities consist of parts which
have position, and some of those which have not.
Strictly speaking, only the things which I have mentionM
the category of quantity: everything else that is called quantitative
is a quantity in a secondary sense. It is because we have in mind
some one of these quantities, properly so called, that we apply quantitative
terms to other things. We speak of what is white as large, because
the surface over which the white extends is large; we speak of an
action or a process as lengthy, because the time covered is long;
these things cannot in their own right claim the quantitative epithet.
ould any one explain how long an action was, his statement
would be made in terms of the time taken, to the effect that it lasted
a year, or something of that sort. In the same way, he would explain
the size of a white object in terms of surface, for he would state
the area which it covered. Thus the things already mentioned, and
these alone, are in their intrinsic nature quantities; nothing else
can claim the name in its own right, but, if at all, only in a secondary
Quantities have no contrariesM
. In the case of definite quantities
this is obvious; thus, there is nothing that is the contrary of 'two
cubits long' or of 'three cubits long', or of a surface, or of any
such quantities. A man might, indeed, argue that 'much' was the contrary
of 'little', and 'great' of 'small'. But these are not quantitative,
but relative; things are not great or small absolutely, they are so
called rather as the result of an act of comparison. For instance,
a mountain is called small, a grain large, in virtue of the facM
the latter is greater than others of its kind, the former less. Thus
there is a reference here to an external standard, for if the terms
'great' and 'small' were used absolutely, a mountain would never be
called small or a grain large. Again, we say that there are many people
in a village, and few in Athens, although those in the city are many
times as numerous as those in the village: or we say that a house
has many in it, and a theatre few, though those in the theatre far
outnumber those in the houM
se. The terms 'two cubits long, "three cubits
long,' and so on indicate quantity, the terms 'great' and 'small'
indicate relation, for they have reference to an external standard.
It is, therefore, plain that these are to be classed as relative.
Again, whether we define them as quantitative or not, they have no
contraries: for how can there be a contrary of an attribute which
is not to be apprehended in or by itself, but only by reference to
something external? Again, if 'great' and 'small' are contraries,M
it will come about that the same subject can admit contrary qualities
at one and the same time, and that things will themselves be contrary
to themselves. For it happens at times that the same thing is both
small and great. For the same thing may be small in comparison with
one thing, and great in comparison with another, so that the same
thing comes to be both small and great at one and the same time, and
is of such a nature as to admit contrary qualities at one and the
same moment. Yet it was agreed, wheM
n substance was being discussed,
that nothing admits contrary qualities at one and the same moment.
For though substance is capable of admitting contrary qualities, yet
no one is at the same time both sick and healthy, nothing is at the
same time both white and black. Nor is there anything which is qualified
in contrary ways at one and the same time.
Moreover, if these were contraries, they would themselves be contrary
to themselves. For if 'great' is the contrary of 'small', and the
same thing is both gM
reat and small at the same time, then 'small'
or 'great' is the contrary of itself. But this is impossible. The
term 'great', therefore, is not the contrary of the term 'small',
nor 'much' of 'little'. And even though a man should call these terms
not relative but quantitative, they would not have contraries.
It is in the case of space that quantity most plausibly appears to
admit of a contrary. For men define the term 'above' as the contrary
of 'below', when it is the region at the centre they mean by 'beM
and this is so, because nothing is farther from the extremities of
the universe than the region at the centre. Indeed, it seems that
in defining contraries of every kind men have recourse to a spatial
metaphor, for they say that those things are contraries which, within
the same class, are separated by the greatest possible distance.
Quantity does not, it appears, admit of variation of degree. One thing
cannot be two cubits long in a greater degree than another. Similarly
with regard to number: whatM
is 'three' is not more truly three than
what is 'five' is five; nor is one set of three more truly three than
another set. Again, one period of time is not said to be more truly
time than another. Nor is there any other kind of quantity, of all
that have been mentioned, with regard to which variation of degree
can be predicated. The category of quantity, therefore, does not admit
of variation of degree.
The most distinctive mark of quantity is that equality and inequality
are predicated of it. Each of tM
he aforesaid quantities is said to
be equal or unequal. For instance, one solid is said to be equal or
unequal to another; number, too, and time can have these terms applied
to them, indeed can all those kinds of quantity that have been mentioned.
That which is not a quantity can by no means, it would seem, be termed
equal or unequal to anything else. One particular disposition or one
particular quality, such as whiteness, is by no means compared with
another in terms of equality and inequality but rather M
similarity. Thus it is the distinctive mark of quantity that it can
be called equal and unequal.
Those things are called relative, which, being either said to be
of something else or related to something else, are explained by reference
to that other thing. For instance, the word 'superior' is explained
by reference to something else, for it is superiority over something
else that is meant. Similarly, the expression 'double' has this external
reference, for it is theM
double of something else that is meant. So
it is with everything else of this kind. There are, moreover, other
relatives, e.g. habit, disposition, perception, knowledge, and attitude.
The significance of all these is explained by a reference to something
else and in no other way. Thus, a habit is a habit of something, knowledge
is knowledge of something, attitude is the attitude of something.
So it is with all other relatives that have been mentioned. Those
terms, then, are called relative, the nature of whM
by reference to something else, the preposition 'of' or some other
preposition being used to indicate the relation. Thus, one mountain
is called great in comparison with son with another; for the mountain
claims this attribute by comparison with something. Again, that which
is called similar must be similar to something else, and all other
such attributes have this external reference. It is to be noted that
lying and standing and sitting are particular attitudes, but attitude
lative term. To lie, to stand, to be seated, are not
themselves attitudes, but take their name from the aforesaid attitudes.
It is possible for relatives to have contraries. Thus virtue has a
contrary, vice, these both being relatives; knowledge, too, has a
contrary, ignorance. But this is not the mark of all relatives; 'double'
and 'triple' have no contrary, nor indeed has any such term.
It also appears that relatives can admit of variation of degree. For
'like' and 'unlike', 'equal' and 'unequal', haveM
'more' and 'less' applied to them, and each of these is relative in
character: for the terms 'like' and 'unequal' bear 'unequal' bear
a reference to something external. Yet, again, it is not every relative
term that admits of variation of degree. No term such as 'double'
admits of this modification. All relatives have correlatives: by the
term 'slave' we mean the slave of a master, by the term 'master',
the master of a slave; by 'double', the double of its hall; by 'half',
double; by 'greater', greater than that which is less;
by 'less,' less than that which is greater.
So it is with every other relative term; but the case we use to express
the correlation differs in some instances. Thus, by knowledge we mean
knowledge the knowable; by the knowable, that which is to be apprehended
by knowledge; by perception, perception of the perceptible; by the
perceptible, that which is apprehended by perception.
Sometimes, however, reciprocity of correlation does not appear to
t. This comes about when a blunder is made, and that to which
the relative is related is not accurately stated. If a man states
that a wing is necessarily relative to a bird, the connexion between
these two will not be reciprocal, for it will not be possible to say
that a bird is a bird by reason of its wings. The reason is that the
original statement was inaccurate, for the wing is not said to be
relative to the bird qua bird, since many creatures besides birds
have wings, but qua winged creature. If, then,M
the statement is made
accurate, the connexion will be reciprocal, for we can speak of a
wing, having reference necessarily to a winged creature, and of a
winged creature as being such because of its wings.
Occasionally, perhaps, it is necessary to coin words, if no word exists
by which a correlation can adequately be explained. If we define a
rudder as necessarily having reference to a boat, our definition will
not be appropriate, for the rudder does not have this reference to
a boat qua boat, as there M
are boats which have no rudders. Thus we
cannot use the terms reciprocally, for the word 'boat' cannot be said
to find its explanation in the word 'rudder'. As there is no existing
word, our definition would perhaps be more accurate if we coined some
word like 'ruddered' as the correlative of 'rudder'. If we express
ourselves thus accurately, at any rate the terms are reciprocally
connected, for the 'ruddered' thing is 'ruddered' in virtue of its
rudder. So it is in all other cases. A head will be more accurM
defined as the correlative of that which is 'headed', than as that
of an animal, for the animal does not have a head qua animal, since
many animals have no head.
Thus we may perhaps most easily comprehend that to which a thing is
related, when a name does not exist, if, from that which has a name,
we derive a new name, and apply it to that with which the first is
reciprocally connected, as in the aforesaid instances, when we derived
the word 'winged' from 'wing' and from 'rudder'.
, then, if properly defined, have a correlative. I add
this condition because, if that to which they are related is stated
as haphazard and not accurately, the two are not found to be interdependent.
Let me state what I mean more clearly. Even in the case of acknowledged
correlatives, and where names exist for each, there will be no interdependence
if one of the two is denoted, not by that name which expresses the
correlative notion, but by one of irrelevant significance. The term
'slave,' if defined as relaM
ted, not to a master, but to a man, or
a biped, or anything of that sort, is not reciprocally connected with
that in relation to which it is defined, for the statement is not
exact. Further, if one thing is said to be correlative with another,
and the terminology used is correct, then, though all irrelevant attributes
should be removed, and only that one attribute left in virtue of which
it was correctly stated to be correlative with that other, the stated
correlation will still exist. If the correlative of M
said to be 'the master', then, though all irrelevant attributes of
the said 'master', such as 'biped', 'receptive of knowledge', 'human',
should be removed, and the attribute 'master' alone left, the stated
correlation existing between him and the slave will remain the same,
for it is of a master that a slave is said to be the slave. On the
other hand, if, of two correlatives, one is not correctly termed,
then, when all other attributes are removed and that alone is left
in virtue of which itM
was stated to be correlative, the stated correlation
will be found to have disappeared.
For suppose the correlative of 'the slave' should be said to be 'the
man', or the correlative of 'the wing"the bird'; if the attribute
'master' be withdrawn from' the man', the correlation between 'the
man' and 'the slave' will cease to exist, for if the man is not a
master, the slave is not a slave. Similarly, if the attribute 'winged'
be withdrawn from 'the bird', 'the wing' will no longer be relative;
o-called correlative is not winged, it follows that 'the
wing' has no correlative.
Thus it is essential that the correlated terms should be exactly designated;
if there is a name existing, the statement will be easy; if not, it
is doubtless our duty to construct names. When the terminology is
thus correct, it is evident that all correlatives are interdependent.
Correlatives are thought to come into existence simultaneously. This
is for the most part true, as in the case of the double and the half.
existence of the half necessitates the existence of that of which
it is a half. Similarly the existence of a master necessitates the
existence of a slave, and that of a slave implies that of a master;
these are merely instances of a general rule. Moreover, they cancel
one another; for if there is no double it follows that there is no
half, and vice versa; this rule also applies to all such correlatives.
Yet it does not appear to be true in all cases that correlatives come
into existence simultaneously. The oM
bject of knowledge would appear
to exist before knowledge itself, for it is usually the case that
we acquire knowledge of objects already existing; it would be difficult,
if not impossible, to find a branch of knowledge the beginning of
the existence of which was contemporaneous with that of its object.
Again, while the object of knowledge, if it ceases to exist, cancels
at the same time the knowledge which was its correlative, the converse
of this is not true. It is true that if the object of knowledge doM
not exist there can be no knowledge: for there will no longer be anything
to know. Yet it is equally true that, if knowledge of a certain object
does not exist, the object may nevertheless quite well exist. Thus,
in the case of the squaring of the circle, if indeed that process
is an object of knowledge, though it itself exists as an object of
knowledge, yet the knowledge of it has not yet come into existence.
Again, if all animals ceased to exist, there would be no knowledge,
but there might yet be manyM
objects of knowledge.
This is likewise the case with regard to perception: for the object
of perception is, it appears, prior to the act of perception. If the
perceptible is annihilated, perception also will cease to exist; but
the annihilation of perception does not cancel the existence of the
perceptible. For perception implies a body perceived and a body in
which perception takes place. Now if that which is perceptible is
annihilated, it follows that the body is annihilated, for the body
ible thing; and if the body does not exist, it follows
that perception also ceases to exist. Thus the annihilation of the
perceptible involves that of perception.
But the annihilation of perception does not involve that of the perceptible.
For if the animal is annihilated, it follows that perception also
is annihilated, but perceptibles such as body, heat, sweetness, bitterness,
and so on, will remain.
Again, perception is generated at the same time as the perceiving
subject, for it comes into existenM
ce at the same time as the animal.
But the perceptible surely exists before perception; for fire and
water and such elements, out of which the animal is itself composed,
exist before the animal is an animal at all, and before perception.
Thus it would seem that the perceptible exists before perception.
It may be questioned whether it is true that no substance is relative,
as seems to be the case, or whether exception is to be made in the
case of certain secondary substances. With regard to primary substancM
it is quite true that there is no such possibility, for neither wholes
nor parts of primary substances are relative. The individual man or
ox is not defined with reference to something external. Similarly
with the parts: a particular hand or head is not defined as a particular
hand or head of a particular person, but as the hand or head of a
particular person. It is true also, for the most part at least, in
the case of secondary substances; the species 'man' and the species
'ox' are not defined with refM
erence to anything outside themselves.
Wood, again, is only relative in so far as it is some one's property,
not in so far as it is wood. It is plain, then, that in the cases
mentioned substance is not relative. But with regard to some secondary
substances there is a difference of opinion; thus, such terms as 'head'
and 'hand' are defined with reference to that of which the things
indicated are a part, and so it comes about that these appear to have
a relative character. Indeed, if our definition of that whiM
was complete, it is very difficult, if not impossible, to prove that
no substance is relative. If, however, our definition was not complete,
if those things only are properly called relative in the case of which
relation to an external object is a necessary condition of existence,
perhaps some explanation of the dilemma may be found.
The former definition does indeed apply to all relatives, but the
fact that a thing is explained with reference to something else does
not make it essentiallyM
From this it is plain that, if a man definitely apprehends a relative
thing, he will also definitely apprehend that to which it is relative.
Indeed this is self-evident: for if a man knows that some particular
thing is relative, assuming that we call that a relative in the case
of which relation to something is a necessary condition of existence,
he knows that also to which it is related. For if he does not know
at all that to which it is related, he will not know whether or not
. This is clear, moreover, in particular instances.
If a man knows definitely that such and such a thing is 'double',
he will also forthwith know definitely that of which it is the double.
For if there is nothing definite of which he knows it to be the double,
he does not know at all that it is double. Again, if he knows that
a thing is more beautiful, it follows necessarily that he will forthwith
definitely know that also than which it is more beautiful. He will
not merely know indefinitely that it is more M
beautiful than something
which is less beautiful, for this would be supposition, not knowledge.
For if he does not know definitely that than which it is more beautiful,
he can no longer claim to know definitely that it is more beautiful
than something else which is less beautiful: for it might be that
nothing was less beautiful. It is, therefore, evident that if a man
apprehends some relative thing definitely, he necessarily knows that
also definitely to which it is related.
Now the head, the hand, and sM
uch things are substances, and it is
possible to know their essential character definitely, but it does
not necessarily follow that we should know that to which they are
related. It is not possible to know forthwith whose head or hand is
meant. Thus these are not relatives, and, this being the case, it
would be true to say that no substance is relative in character. It
is perhaps a difficult matter, in such cases, to make a positive statement
without more exhaustive examination, but to have raised questions
with regard to details is not without advantage.
By 'quality' I mean that in virtue of which people are said to be
Quality is a term that is used in many senses. One sort of quality
let us call 'habit' or 'disposition'. Habit differs from disposition
in being more lasting and more firmly established. The various kinds
of knowledge and of virtue are habits, for knowledge, even when acquired
only in a moderate degree, is, it is agreed, abiding in its character
o displace, unless some great mental upheaval takes
place, through disease or any such cause. The virtues, also, such
as justice, self-restraint, and so on, are not easily dislodged or
dismissed, so as to give place to vice.
By a disposition, on the other hand, we mean a condition that is easily
changed and quickly gives place to its opposite. Thus, heat, cold,
disease, health, and so on are dispositions. For a man is disposed
in one way or another with reference to these, but quickly changes,
old instead of warm, ill instead of well. So it is with
all other dispositions also, unless through lapse of time a disposition
has itself become inveterate and almost impossible to dislodge: in
which case we should perhaps go so far as to call it a habit.
It is evident that men incline to call those conditions habits which
are of a more or less permanent type and difficult to displace; for
those who are not retentive of knowledge, but volatile, are not said
to have such and such a 'habit' as regards knowlM
disposed, we may say, either better or worse, towards knowledge. Thus
habit differs from disposition in this, that while the latter in ephemeral,
the former is permanent and difficult to alter.
Habits are at the same time dispositions, but dispositions are not
necessarily habits. For those who have some specific habit may be
said also, in virtue of that habit, to be thus or thus disposed; but
those who are disposed in some specific way have not in all cases
the corresponding habit.
Another sort of quality is that in virtue of which, for example, we
call men good boxers or runners, or healthy or sickly: in fact it
includes all those terms which refer to inborn capacity or incapacity.
Such things are not predicated of a person in virtue of his disposition,
but in virtue of his inborn capacity or incapacity to do something
with ease or to avoid defeat of any kind. Persons are called good
boxers or good runners, not in virtue of such and such a disposition,
but in virtue of an inborn capaM
city to accomplish something with ease.
Men are called healthy in virtue of the inborn capacity of easy resistance
to those unhealthy influences that may ordinarily arise; unhealthy,
in virtue of the lack of this capacity. Similarly with regard to softness
and hardness. Hardness is predicated of a thing because it has that
capacity of resistance which enables it to withstand disintegration;
softness, again, is predicated of a thing by reason of the lack of
A third class within this categorM
y is that of affective qualities
and affections. Sweetness, bitterness, sourness, are examples of this
sort of quality, together with all that is akin to these; heat, moreover,
and cold, whiteness, and blackness are affective qualities. It is
evident that these are qualities, for those things that possess them
are themselves said to be such and such by reason of their presence.
Honey is called sweet because it contains sweetness; the body is called
white because it contains whiteness; and so in all other casM
The term 'affective quality' is not used as indicating that those
things which admit these qualities are affected in any way. Honey
is not called sweet because it is affected in a specific way, nor
is this what is meant in any other instance. Similarly heat and cold
are called affective qualities, not because those things which admit
them are affected. What is meant is that these said qualities are
capable of producing an 'affection' in the way of perception. For
sweetness has the power of affecting tM
he sense of taste; heat, that
of touch; and so it is with the rest of these qualities.
Whiteness and blackness, however, and the other colours, are not said
to be affective qualities in this sense, but -because they themselves
are the results of an affection. It is plain that many changes of
colour take place because of affections. When a man is ashamed, he
blushes; when he is afraid, he becomes pale, and so on. So true is
this, that when a man is by nature liable to such affections, arising
comitance of elements in his constitution, it is a probable
inference that he has the corresponding complexion of skin. For the
same disposition of bodily elements, which in the former instance
was momentarily present in the case of an access of shame, might be
a result of a man's natural temperament, so as to produce the corresponding
colouring also as a natural characteristic. All conditions, therefore,
of this kind, if caused by certain permanent and lasting affections,
are called affective qualities. ForM
pallor and duskiness of complexion
are called qualities, inasmuch as we are said to be such and such
in virtue of them, not only if they originate in natural constitution,
but also if they come about through long disease or sunburn, and are
difficult to remove, or indeed remain throughout life. For in the
same way we are said to be such and such because of these.
Those conditions, however, which arise from causes which may easily
be rendered ineffective or speedily removed, are called, not qualities,
affections: for we are not said to be such virtue of them. The
man who blushes through shame is not said to be a constitutional blusher,
nor is the man who becomes pale through fear said to be constitutionally
pale. He is said rather to have been affected.
Thus such conditions are called affections, not qualities.
In like manner there are affective qualities and affections of the
soul. That temper with which a man is born and which has its origin
in certain deep-seated affections is called a quality. IM
conditions as insanity, irascibility, and so on: for people are said
to be mad or irascible in virtue of these. Similarly those abnormal
psychic states which are not inborn, but arise from the concomitance
of certain other elements, and are difficult to remove, or altogether
permanent, are called qualities, for in virtue of them men are said
to be such and such.
Those, however, which arise from causes easily rendered ineffective
are called affections, not qualities. Suppose that a man is irritM
when vexed: he is not even spoken of as a bad-tempered man, when in
such circumstances he loses his temper somewhat, but rather is said
to be affected. Such conditions are therefore termed, not qualities,
The fourth sort of quality is figure and the shape that belongs to
a thing; and besides this, straightness and curvedness and any other
qualities of this type; each of these defines a thing as being such
and such. Because it is triangular or quadrangular a thing is said
pecific character, or again because it is straight or curved;
in fact a thing's shape in every case gives rise to a qualification
Rarity and density, roughness and smoothness, seem to be terms indicating
quality: yet these, it would appear, really belong to a class different
from that of quality. For it is rather a certain relative position
of the parts composing the thing thus qualified which, it appears,
is indicated by each of these terms. A thing is dense, owing to the
fact that its parts are M
closely combined with one another; rare, because
there are interstices between the parts; smooth, because its parts
lie, so to speak, evenly; rough, because some parts project beyond
There may be other sorts of quality, but those that are most properly
so called have, we may safely say, been enumerated.
These, then, are qualities, and the things that take their name from
them as derivatives, or are in some other way dependent on them, are
said to be qualified in some specific way. In most, indM
all cases, the name of that which is qualified is derived from that
of the quality. Thus the terms 'whiteness', 'grammar', 'justice',
give us the adjectives 'white', 'grammatical', 'just', and so on.
There are some cases, however, in which, as the quality under consideration
has no name, it is impossible that those possessed of it should have
a name that is derivative. For instance, the name given to the runner
or boxer, who is so called in virtue of an inborn capacity, is not
hat of any quality; for lob those capacities have no
name assigned to them. In this, the inborn capacity is distinct from
the science, with reference to which men are called, e.g. boxers or
wrestlers. Such a science is classed as a disposition; it has a name,
and is called 'boxing' or 'wrestling' as the case may be, and the
name given to those disposed in this way is derived from that of the
science. Sometimes, even though a name exists for the quality, that
which takes its character from the quality has a nM
a derivative. For instance, the upright man takes his character from
the possession of the quality of integrity, but the name given him
is not derived from the word 'integrity'. Yet this does not occur
We may therefore state that those things are said to be possessed
of some specific quality which have a name derived from that of the
aforesaid quality, or which are in some other way dependent on it.
One quality may be the contrary of another; thus justice is the contrary
stice, whiteness of blackness, and so on. The things, also,
which are said to be such and such in virtue of these qualities, may
be contrary the one to the other; for that which is unjust is contrary
to that which is just, that which is white to that which is black.
This, however, is not always the case. Red, yellow, and such colours,
though qualities, have no contraries.
If one of two contraries is a quality, the other will also be a quality.
This will be evident from particular instances, if we apply thM
used to denote the other categories; for instance, granted that justice
is the contrary of injustice and justice is a quality, injustice will
also be a quality: neither quantity, nor relation, nor place, nor
indeed any other category but that of quality, will be applicable
properly to injustice. So it is with all other contraries falling
under the category of quality.
Qualities admit of variation of degree. Whiteness is predicated of
one thing in a greater or less degree than of another. This is M
the case with reference to justice. Moreover, one and the same thing
may exhibit a quality in a greater degree than it did before: if a
thing is white, it may become whiter.
Though this is generally the case, there are exceptions. For if we
should say that justice admitted of variation of degree, difficulties
might ensue, and this is true with regard to all those qualities which
are dispositions. There are some, indeed, who dispute the possibility
of variation here. They maintain that justice and heM
well admit of variation of degree themselves, but that people vary
in the degree in which they possess these qualities, and that this
is the case with grammatical learning and all those qualities which
are classed as dispositions. However that may be, it is an incontrovertible
fact that the things which in virtue of these qualities are said to
be what they are vary in the degree in which they possess them; for
one man is said to be better versed in grammar, or more healthy or
The qualities expressed by the terms 'triangular' and 'quadrangular'
do not appear to admit of variation of degree, nor indeed do any that
have to do with figure. For those things to which the definition of
the triangle or circle is applicable are all equally triangular or
circular. Those, on the other hand, to which the same definition is
not applicable, cannot be said to differ from one another in degree;
the square is no more a circle than the rectangle, for to neither
on of the circle appropriate. In short, if the definition
of the term proposed is not applicable to both objects, they cannot
be compared. Thus it is not all qualities which admit of variation
Whereas none of the characteristics I have mentioned are peculiar
to quality, the fact that likeness and unlikeness can be predicated
with reference to quality only, gives to that category its distinctive
feature. One thing is like another only with reference to that in
virtue of which it is such and sucM
h; thus this forms the peculiar
We must not be disturbed because it may be argued that, though proposing
to discuss the category of quality, we have included in it many relative
terms. We did say that habits and dispositions were relative. In practically
all such cases the genus is relative, the individual not. Thus knowledge,
as a genus, is explained by reference to something else, for we mean
a knowledge of something. But particular branches of knowledge are
not thus explained. The knoM
wledge of grammar is not relative to anything
external, nor is the knowledge of music, but these, if relative at
all, are relative only in virtue of their genera; thus grammar is
said be the knowledge of something, not the grammar of something;
similarly music is the knowledge of something, not the music of something.
Thus individual branches of knowledge are not relative. And it is
because we possess these individual branches of knowledge that we
are said to be such and such. It is these that we actually M
we are called experts because we possess knowledge in some particular
branch. Those particular branches, therefore, of knowledge, in virtue
of which we are sometimes said to be such and such, are themselves
qualities, and are not relative. Further, if anything should happen
to fall within both the category of quality and that of relation,
there would be nothing extraordinary in classing it under both these
Action and affection both admit of contraries and also ofM
of degree. Heating is the contrary of cooling, being heated of being
cooled, being glad of being vexed. Thus they admit of contraries.
They also admit of variation of degree: for it is possible to heat
in a greater or less degree; also to be heated in a greater or less
degree. Thus action and affection also admit of variation of degree.
So much, then, is stated with regard to these categories.
We spoke, moreover, of the category of position when we were dealing
with that of relation, and statedM
that such terms derived their names
from those of the corresponding attitudes.
As for the rest, time, place, state, since they are easily intelligible,
I say no more about them than was said at the beginning, that in the
category of state are included such states as 'shod', 'armed', in
that of place 'in the Lyceum' and so on, as was explained before.
The proposed categories have, then, been adequately dealt with.
We must next explain the various senses in which the term 'opposite'
ed. Things are said to be opposed in four senses: (i) as correlatives
to one another, (ii) as contraries to one another, (iii) as privatives
to positives, (iv) as affirmatives to negatives.
Let me sketch my meaning in outline. An instance of the use of the
word 'opposite' with reference to correlatives is afforded by the
expressions 'double' and 'half'; with reference to contraries by 'bad'
and 'good'. Opposites in the sense of 'privatives' and 'positives'
are' blindness' and 'sight'; in the sense of affiM
rmatives and negatives,
the propositions 'he sits', 'he does not sit'.
(i) Pairs of opposites which fall under the category of relation are
explained by a reference of the one to the other, the reference being
indicated by the preposition 'of' or by some other preposition. Thus,
double is a relative term, for that which is double is explained as
the double of something. Knowledge, again, is the opposite of the
thing known, in the same sense; and the thing known also is explained
by its relation to its opM
posite, knowledge. For the thing known is
explained as that which is known by something, that is, by knowledge.
Such things, then, as are opposite the one to the other in the sense
of being correlatives are explained by a reference of the one to the
(ii) Pairs of opposites which are contraries are not in any way interdependent,
but are contrary the one to the other. The good is not spoken of as
the good of the had, but as the contrary of the bad, nor is white
spoken of as the white of the black, bM
ut as the contrary of the black.
These two types of opposition are therefore distinct. Those contraries
which are such that the subjects in which they are naturally present,
or of which they are predicated, must necessarily contain either the
one or the other of them, have no intermediate, but those in the case
of which no such necessity obtains, always have an intermediate. Thus
disease and health are naturally present in the body of an animal,
and it is necessary that either the one or the other should be M
in the body of an animal. Odd and even, again, are predicated of number,
and it is necessary that the one or the other should be present in
numbers. Now there is no intermediate between the terms of either
of these two pairs. On the other hand, in those contraries with regard
to which no such necessity obtains, we find an intermediate. Blackness
and whiteness are naturally present in the body, but it is not necessary
that either the one or the other should be present in the body, inasmuch
ot true to say that everybody must be white or black. Badness
and goodness, again, are predicated of man, and of many other things,
but it is not necessary that either the one quality or the other should
be present in that of which they are predicated: it is not true to
say that everything that may be good or bad must be either good or
bad. These pairs of contraries have intermediates: the intermediates
between white and black are grey, sallow, and all the other colours
that come between; the intermediate beM
tween good and bad is that which
is neither the one nor the other.
Some intermediate qualities have names, such as grey and sallow and
all the other colours that come between white and black; in other
cases, however, it is not easy to name the intermediate, but we must
define it as that which is not either extreme, as in the case of that
which is neither good nor bad, neither just nor unjust.
(iii) 'privatives' and 'Positives' have reference to the same subject.
Thus, sight and blindness have referencM
e to the eye. It is a universal
rule that each of a pair of opposites of this type has reference to
that to which the particular 'positive' is natural. We say that that
is capable of some particular faculty or possession has suffered privation
when the faculty or possession in question is in no way present in
that in which, and at the time at which, it should naturally be present.
We do not call that toothless which has not teeth, or that blind which
has not sight, but rather that which has not teeth or sighM
time when by nature it should. For there are some creatures which
from birth are without sight, or without teeth, but these are not
called toothless or blind.
To be without some faculty or to possess it is not the same as the
corresponding 'privative' or 'positive'. 'Sight' is a 'positive',
'blindness' a 'privative', but 'to possess sight' is not equivalent
to 'sight', 'to be blind' is not equivalent to 'blindness'. Blindness
is a 'privative', to be blind is to be in a state of privation, but
s not a 'privative'. Moreover, if 'blindness' were equivalent to
'being blind', both would be predicated of the same subject; but though
a man is said to be blind, he is by no means said to be blindness.
To be in a state of 'possession' is, it appears, the opposite of being
in a state of 'privation', just as 'positives' and 'privatives' themselves
are opposite. There is the same type of antithesis in both cases;
for just as blindness is opposed to sight, so is being blind opposed
which is affirmed or denied is not itself affirmation or denial.
By 'affirmation' we mean an affirmative proposition, by 'denial' a
negative. Now, those facts which form the matter of the affirmation
or denial are not propositions; yet these two are said to be opposed
in the same sense as the affirmation and denial, for in this case
also the type of antithesis is the same. For as the affirmation is
opposed to the denial, as in the two propositions 'he sits', 'he does
not sit', so also the fact which constituM
tes the matter of the proposition
in one case is opposed to that in the other, his sitting, that is
to say, to his not sitting.
It is evident that 'positives' and 'privatives' are not opposed each
to each in the same sense as relatives. The one is not explained by
reference to the other; sight is not sight of blindness, nor is any
other preposition used to indicate the relation. Similarly blindness
is not said to be blindness of sight, but rather, privation of sight.
Relatives, moreover, reciprocate; if M
blindness, therefore, were a
relative, there would be a reciprocity of relation between it and
that with which it was correlative. But this is not the case. Sight
is not called the sight of blindness.
That those terms which fall under the heads of 'positives' and 'privatives'
are not opposed each to each as contraries, either, is plain from
the following facts: Of a pair of contraries such that they have no
intermediate, one or the other must needs be present in the subject
in which they naturally subsisM
t, or of which they are predicated;
for it is those, as we proved,' in the case of which this necessity
obtains, that have no intermediate. Moreover, we cited health and
disease, odd and even, as instances. But those contraries which have
an intermediate are not subject to any such necessity. It is not necessary
that every substance, receptive of such qualities, should be either
black or white, cold or hot, for something intermediate between these
contraries may very well be present in the subject. We provedM
that those contraries have an intermediate in the case of which the
said necessity does not obtain. Yet when one of the two contraries
is a constitutive property of the subject, as it is a constitutive
property of fire to be hot, of snow to be white, it is necessary determinately
that one of the two contraries, not one or the other, should be present
in the subject; for fire cannot be cold, or snow black. Thus, it is
not the case here that one of the two must needs be present in every
ceptive of these qualities, but only in that subject of
which the one forms a constitutive property. Moreover, in such cases
it is one member of the pair determinately, and not either the one
or the other, which must be present.
In the case of 'positives' and 'privatives', on the other hand, neither
of the aforesaid statements holds good. For it is not necessary that
a subject receptive of the qualities should always have either the
one or the other; that which has not yet advanced to the state when
t is natural is not said either to be blind or to see. Thus 'positives'
and 'privatives' do not belong to that class of contraries which consists
of those which have no intermediate. On the other hand, they do not
belong either to that class which consists of contraries which have
an intermediate. For under certain conditions it is necessary that
either the one or the other should form part of the constitution of
every appropriate subject. For when a thing has reached the stage
when it is by nature capable oM
f sight, it will be said either to see
or to be blind, and that in an indeterminate sense, signifying that
the capacity may be either present or absent; for it is not necessary
either that it should see or that it should be blind, but that it
should be either in the one state or in the other. Yet in the case
of those contraries which have an intermediate we found that it was
never necessary that either the one or the other should be present
in every appropriate subject, but only that in certain subjects one
of the pair should be present, and that in a determinate sense. It
is, therefore, plain that 'positives' and 'privatives' are not opposed
each to each in either of the senses in which contraries are opposed.
Again, in the case of contraries, it is possible that there should
be changes from either into the other, while the subject retains its
identity, unless indeed one of the contraries is a constitutive property
of that subject, as heat is of fire. For it is possible that that
that which is healthy shoulM
d become diseased, that which is white,
black, that which is cold, hot, that which is good, bad, that which
is bad, good. The bad man, if he is being brought into a better way
of life and thought, may make some advance, however slight, and if
he should once improve, even ever so little, it is plain that he might
change completely, or at any rate make very great progress; for a
man becomes more and more easily moved to virtue, however small the
improvement was at first. It is, therefore, natural to suppose thM
he will make yet greater progress than he has made in the past; and
as this process goes on, it will change him completely and establish
him in the contrary state, provided he is not hindered by lack of
time. In the case of 'positives' and 'privatives', however, change
in both directions is impossible. There may be a change from possession
to privation, but not from privation to possession. The man who has
become blind does not regain his sight; the man who has become bald
does not regain his hair; the mM
an who has lost his teeth does not
grow his grow a new set. (iv) Statements opposed as affirmation and
negation belong manifestly to a class which is distinct, for in this
case, and in this case only, it is necessary for the one opposite
to be true and the other false.
Neither in the case of contraries, nor in the case of correlatives,
nor in the case of 'positives' and 'privatives', is it necessary for
one to be true and the other false. Health and disease are contraries:
neither of them is true or falsM
e. 'Double' and 'half' are opposed
to each other as correlatives: neither of them is true or false. The
case is the same, of course, with regard to 'positives' and 'privatives'
such as 'sight' and 'blindness'. In short, where there is no sort
of combination of words, truth and falsity have no place, and all
the opposites we have mentioned so far consist of simple words.
At the same time, when the words which enter into opposed statements
are contraries, these, more than any other set of opposites, would
eem to claim this characteristic. 'Socrates is ill' is the contrary
of 'Socrates is well', but not even of such composite expressions
is it true to say that one of the pair must always be true and the
other false. For if Socrates exists, one will be true and the other
false, but if he does not exist, both will be false; for neither 'Socrates
is ill' nor 'Socrates is well' is true, if Socrates does not exist
In the case of 'positives' and 'privatives', if the subject does not
exist at all, neitherM
proposition is true, but even if the subject
exists, it is not always the fact that one is true and the other false.
For 'Socrates has sight' is the opposite of 'Socrates is blind' in
the sense of the word 'opposite' which applies to possession and privation.
Now if Socrates exists, it is not necessary that one should be true
and the other false, for when he is not yet able to acquire the power
of vision, both are false, as also if Socrates is altogether non-existent.
But in the case of affirmation and neM
gation, whether the subject exists
or not, one is always false and the other true. For manifestly, if
Socrates exists, one of the two propositions 'Socrates is ill', 'Socrates
is not ill', is true, and the other false. This is likewise the case
if he does not exist; for if he does not exist, to say that he is
ill is false, to say that he is not ill is true. Thus it is in the
case of those opposites only, which are opposite in the sense in which
the term is used with reference to affirmation and negation, thaM
the rule holds good, that one of the pair must be true and the other
That the contrary of a good is an evil is shown by induction: the
contrary of health is disease, of courage, cowardice, and so on. But
the contrary of an evil is sometimes a good, sometimes an evil. For
defect, which is an evil, has excess for its contrary, this also being
an evil, and the mean. which is a good, is equally the contrary of
the one and of the other. It is only in a few cases, however, that
stances of this: in most, the contrary of an evil is a good.
In the case of contraries, it is not always necessary that if one
exists the other should also exist: for if all become healthy there
will be health and no disease, and again, if everything turns white,
there will be white, but no black. Again, since the fact that Socrates
is ill is the contrary of the fact that Socrates is well, and two
contrary conditions cannot both obtain in one and the same individual
at the same time, both these contraries M
could not exist at once: for
if that Socrates was well was a fact, then that Socrates was ill could
not possibly be one.
It is plain that contrary attributes must needs be present in subjects
which belong to the same species or genus. Disease and health require
as their subject the body of an animal; white and black require a
body, without further qualification; justice and injustice require
as their subject the human soul.
Moreover, it is necessary that pairs of contraries should in all cases
belong to the same genus or belong to contrary genera or be
themselves genera. White and black belong to the same genus, colour;
justice and injustice, to contrary genera, virtue and vice; while
good and evil do not belong to genera, but are themselves actual genera,
with terms under them.
There are four senses in which one thing can be said to be 'prior'
to another. Primarily and most properly the term has reference to
time: in this sense the word is used to indicate that one thing is
r or more ancient than another, for the expressions 'older' and
'more ancient' imply greater length of time.
Secondly, one thing is said to be 'prior' to another when the sequence
of their being cannot be reversed. In this sense 'one' is 'prior'
to 'two'. For if 'two' exists, it follows directly that 'one' must
exist, but if 'one' exists, it does not follow necessarily that 'two'
exists: thus the sequence subsisting cannot be reversed. It is agreed,
then, that when the sequence of two things cannot be revM
that one on which the other depends is called 'prior' to that other.
In the third place, the term 'prior' is used with reference to any
order, as in the case of science and of oratory. For in sciences which
use demonstration there is that which is prior and that which is posterior
in order; in geometry, the elements are prior to the propositions;
in reading and writing, the letters of the alphabet are prior to the
syllables. Similarly, in the case of speeches, the exordium is prior
Besides these senses of the word, there is a fourth. That which is
better and more honourable is said to have a natural priority. In
common parlance men speak of those whom they honour and love as 'coming
first' with them. This sense of the word is perhaps the most far-fetched.
Such, then, are the different senses in which the term 'prior' is
Yet it would seem that besides those mentioned there is yet another.
For in those things, the being of each of which implies that of the
other, that which is in any way the cause may reasonably be said to
be by nature 'prior' to the effect. It is plain that there are instances
of this. The fact of the being of a man carries with it the truth
of the proposition that he is, and the implication is reciprocal:
for if a man is, the proposition wherein we allege that he is true,
and conversely, if the proposition wherein we allege that he is true,
then he is. The true proposition, however, is in no way the cause
of the being of the man, but the faM
ct of the man's being does seem
somehow to be the cause of the truth of the proposition, for the truth
or falsity of the proposition depends on the fact of the man's being
Thus the word 'prior' may be used in five senses.
The term 'simultaneous' is primarily and most appropriately applied
to those things the genesis of the one of which is simultaneous with
that of the other; for in such cases neither is prior or posterior
to the other. Such things are said to be simultaneousM
time. Those things, again, are 'simultaneous' in point of nature,
the being of each of which involves that of the other, while at the
same time neither is the cause of the other's being. This is the case
with regard to the double and the half, for these are reciprocally
dependent, since, if there is a double, there is also a half, and
if there is a half, there is also a double, while at the same time
neither is the cause of the being of the other.
Again, those species which are distinguishedM
one from another and
opposed one to another within the same genus are said to be 'simultaneous'
in nature. I mean those species which are distinguished each from
each by one and the same method of division. Thus the 'winged' species
is simultaneous with the 'terrestrial' and the 'water' species. These
are distinguished within the same genus, and are opposed each to each,
for the genus 'animal' has the 'winged', the 'terrestrial', and the
'water' species, and no one of these is prior or posterior to another;M
on the contrary, all such things appear to be 'simultaneous' in nature.
Each of these also, the terrestrial, the winged, and the water species,
can be divided again into subspecies. Those species, then, also will
be 'simultaneous' point of nature, which, belonging to the same genus,
are distinguished each from each by one and the same method of differentiation.
But genera are prior to species, for the sequence of their being cannot
be reversed. If there is the species 'water-animal', there will be
nus 'animal', but granted the being of the genus 'animal', it
does not follow necessarily that there will be the species 'water-animal'.
Those things, therefore, are said to be 'simultaneous' in nature,
the being of each of which involves that of the other, while at the
same time neither is in any way the cause of the other's being; those
species, also, which are distinguished each from each and opposed
within the same genus. Those things, moreover, are 'simultaneous'
in the unqualified sense of the word wM
hich come into being at the
There are six sorts of movement: generation, destruction, increase,
diminution, alteration, and change of place.
It is evident in all but one case that all these sorts of movement
are distinct each from each. Generation is distinct from destruction,
increase and change of place from diminution, and so on. But in the
case of alteration it may be argued that the process necessarily implies
one or other of the other five sorts of motion. This is not truM
for we may say that all affections, or nearly all, produce in us an
alteration which is distinct from all other sorts of motion, for that
which is affected need not suffer either increase or diminution or
any of the other sorts of motion. Thus alteration is a distinct sort
of motion; for, if it were not, the thing altered would not only be
altered, but would forthwith necessarily suffer increase or diminution
or some one of the other sorts of motion in addition; which as a matter
of fact is not the case.M
Similarly that which was undergoing the process
of increase or was subject to some other sort of motion would, if
alteration were not a distinct form of motion, necessarily be subject
to alteration also. But there are some things which undergo increase
but yet not alteration. The square, for instance, if a gnomon is applied
to it, undergoes increase but not alteration, and so it is with all
other figures of this sort. Alteration and increase, therefore, are
Speaking generally, rest is the contM
rary of motion. But the different
forms of motion have their own contraries in other forms; thus destruction
is the contrary of generation, diminution of increase, rest in a place,
of change of place. As for this last, change in the reverse direction
would seem to be most truly its contrary; thus motion upwards is the
contrary of motion downwards and vice versa.
In the case of that sort of motion which yet remains, of those that
have been enumerated, it is not easy to state what is its contrary.
rs to have no contrary, unless one should define the contrary
here also either as 'rest in its quality' or as 'change in the direction
of the contrary quality', just as we defined the contrary of change
of place either as rest in a place or as change in the reverse direction.
For a thing is altered when change of quality takes place; therefore
either rest in its quality or change in the direction of the contrary
may be called the contrary of this qualitative form of motion. In
this way becoming white is the M
contrary of becoming black; there is
alteration in the contrary direction, since a change of a qualitative
nature takes place.
The term 'to have' is used in various senses. In the first place it
is used with reference to habit or disposition or any other quality,
for we are said to 'have' a piece of knowledge or a virtue. Then,
again, it has reference to quantity, as, for instance, in the case
of a man's height; for he is said to 'have' a height of three or four
cubits. It is used, moreover,M
with regard to apparel, a man being
said to 'have' a coat or tunic; or in respect of something which we
have on a part of ourselves, as a ring on the hand: or in respect
of something which is a part of us, as hand or foot. The term refers
also to content, as in the case of a vessel and wheat, or of a jar
and wine; a jar is said to 'have' wine, and a corn-measure wheat.
The expression in such cases has reference to content. Or it refers
to that which has been acquired; we are said to 'have' a house or
ld. A man is also said to 'have' a wife, and a wife a husband,
and this appears to be the most remote meaning of the term, for by
the use of it we mean simply that the husband lives with the wife.
Other senses of the word might perhaps be found, but the most ordinary
ones have all been enumerated.
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text/plain;charset=utf-8
Uprooted generalized devised
The Inqurbeenbuilt pushs its
throughs onto me golbing
I had opwondered the old Asian;
now /it/ upwondered /me./
Tooling throughout my senses
clanking and defiyng me.
Holden onto me. Church doors
swung open before kind rats
I their beholder yet far
on the other side of town keeping.
What in the bloom for me
may be? Arid altogether sense
of vermin; connived strung-
together jelly from wonders?
It seemed sense around the neck.
Exaltation and execution of sorts
Bills of material, bills of dollar
Bills of amandment. Bridges arch
over Silver untouched, unbilled.
Water and metal mix up into wood
Arch into horizons flattens
luring animals into display.
They possess natural warmth and na-
tural being-there. Sprouted
from the ground along ways always
having lived there always
Keepers of fences always. Here
as bees. As mind container
as in nuclear plants heavy porose
carefully and measured forms.
Returned returning perpendicular
proper in property of me behM
Bee in pillows buried, working
My way up from here. As a train-
equivalent. As thorough metal-maker.
Now a flower as water through
nuclear power plants, archs of
bridges, minds of wander in ridges.
Well what do you take me.
s my every large green of grass.h!
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%&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz
&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWM
nsec1wyumvdel8snyq59nf0jq24kazyemdyyv6gdhadmlz4er2f7ghewqfaw9rrf
text/html;charset=utf-8
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?a(exports):"fuM
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[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=a[4],h=a[5],i=a[6],M=a[7],s=a[8],c=a[9],f=a[10],l=a[11],v=a[12],b=a[13],m=a[14],p=a[15],d=n*h-r*u,y=n*i-e*u,x=n*M-o*u,g=r*i-e*h,q=r*M-o*h,_=e*M-o*i,A=s*b-c*v,R=s*m-f*v,O=s*p-l*v,w=c*m-f*b,T=c*p-l*b,P=f*p-l*m;return t[0]=h*P-i*T+M*w,t[1]=e*T-r*P-o*w,t[2]=b*_-m*q+p*g,t[3]=f*q-c*_-l*g,t[4]=i*O-u*P-M*R,t[5]=n*P-e*O+o*R,t[6]=m*x-v*_-p*y,t[7]=s*_-f*x+l*y,t[8]=u*T-h*O+M*A,t[9]=r*O-n*T-o*A,t[10]=v*q-b*x+p*d,t[11]=c*x-s*q-l*d,t[12]=h*R-u*w-i*A,t[13]=n*w-r*R+e*A,t[14]=b*y-v*g-m*d,t[15]=s*g-c*y+f*d,t},deteM
rminant:function(t){var a=t[0],n=t[1],r=t[2],e=t[3],o=t[4],u=t[5],h=t[6],i=t[7],M=t[8],s=t[9],c=t[10],f=t[11],l=t[12],v=t[13],b=t[14],m=a*u-n*o,p=a*h-r*o,d=n*h-r*u,y=M*v-s*l,x=M*b-c*l,g=s*b-c*v;return i*(a*g-n*x+r*y)-e*(o*g-u*x+h*y)+t[15]*(M*d-s*p+c*m)-f*(l*d-v*p+b*m)},multiply:r,translate:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b=n[0],m=n[1],p=n[2];return a===t?(t[12]=a[0]*b+a[4]*m+a[8]*p+a[12],t[13]=a[1]*b+a[5]*m+a[9]*p+a[13],t[14]=a[2]*b+a[6]*m+a[10]*p+a[14],t[15]=a[3]*b+a[7]*m+a[11]*p+a[15]):(r=a[0],e=a[1],M
o=a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=a[8],f=a[9],l=a[10],v=a[11],t[0]=r,t[1]=e,t[2]=o,t[3]=u,t[4]=h,t[5]=i,t[6]=M,t[7]=s,t[8]=c,t[9]=f,t[10]=l,t[11]=v,t[12]=r*b+h*m+c*p+a[12],t[13]=e*b+i*m+f*p+a[13],t[14]=o*b+M*m+l*p+a[14],t[15]=u*b+s*m+v*p+a[15]),t},scale:function(t,a,n){var r=n[0],e=n[1],o=n[2];return t[0]=a[0]*r,t[1]=a[1]*r,t[2]=a[2]*r,t[3]=a[3]*r,t[4]=a[4]*e,t[5]=a[5]*e,t[6]=a[6]*e,t[7]=a[7]*e,t[8]=a[8]*o,t[9]=a[9]*o,t[10]=a[10]*o,t[11]=a[11]*o,t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15],t},rotate:fuM
nction(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b,m,p,d,y,x,g,q,_,A,R,O,w,T=r[0],P=r[1],D=r[2],z=Math.hypot(T,P,D);return z<S?null:(T*=z=1/z,P*=z,D*=z,e=Math.sin(n),u=1-(o=Math.cos(n)),h=a[0],i=a[1],M=a[2],s=a[3],c=a[4],f=a[5],l=a[6],v=a[7],b=a[8],m=a[9],p=a[10],d=a[11],y=T*T*u+o,x=P*T*u+D*e,g=D*T*u-P*e,q=T*P*u-D*e,_=P*P*u+o,A=D*P*u+T*e,R=T*D*u+P*e,O=P*D*u-T*e,w=D*D*u+o,t[0]=h*y+c*x+b*g,t[1]=i*y+f*x+m*g,t[2]=M*y+l*x+p*g,t[3]=s*y+v*x+d*g,t[4]=h*q+c*_+b*A,t[5]=i*q+f*_+m*A,t[6]=M*q+l*_+p*A,t[7]=s*q+v*_+d*A,t[8]=h*R+c*O+b*w,M
t[9]=i*R+f*O+m*w,t[10]=M*R+l*O+p*w,t[11]=s*R+v*O+d*w,a!==t&&(t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t)},rotateX:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[4],u=a[5],h=a[6],i=a[7],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t[3]=a[3],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[4]=o*e+M*r,t[5]=u*e+s*r,t[6]=h*e+c*r,t[7]=i*e+f*r,t[8]=M*e-o*r,t[9]=s*e-u*r,t[10]=c*e-h*r,t[11]=f*e-i*r,t},rotateY:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=M
a[3],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[4]=a[4],t[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[6],t[7]=a[7],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e-M*r,t[1]=u*e-s*r,t[2]=h*e-c*r,t[3]=i*e-f*r,t[8]=o*r+M*e,t[9]=u*r+s*e,t[10]=h*r+c*e,t[11]=i*r+f*e,t},rotateZ:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[4],s=a[5],c=a[6],f=a[7];return a!==t&&(t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e+M*r,t[1]=u*e+s*r,t[2]=h*e+c*r,t[3]=i*e+f*r,M
t[4]=M*e-o*r,t[5]=s*e-u*r,t[6]=c*e-h*r,t[7]=f*e-i*r,t},fromTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=a[0],t[13]=a[1],t[14]=a[2],t[15]=1,t},fromScaling:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=a[1],t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=a[2],t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotation:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u=n[0],h=n[1],i=n[2],M=Math.hypot(u,h,i);return M<S?null:(u*=M=1/M,h*=M,i*=M,r=Math.sin(a),o=1-(M
e=Math.cos(a)),t[0]=u*u*o+e,t[1]=h*u*o+i*r,t[2]=i*u*o-h*r,t[3]=0,t[4]=u*h*o-i*r,t[5]=h*h*o+e,t[6]=i*h*o+u*r,t[7]=0,t[8]=u*i*o+h*r,t[9]=h*i*o-u*r,t[10]=i*i*o+e,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t)},fromXRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=r,t[6]=n,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=-n,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromYRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=0,t[2]=-n,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]M
=n,t[9]=0,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromZRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=n,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=-n,t[5]=r,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslation:f,fromQuat2:function(t,a){var n=new p(3),r=-a[0],e=-a[1],o=-a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=r*r+e*e+o*o+u*u;return 0<c?(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*o-M*e)/c,n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o)/c,n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)/c):(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*o-M*e),n[1]=2*(M
i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o),n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)),f(t,a,n),t},getTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[12],t[1]=a[13],t[2]=a[14],t},getScaling:d,getRotation:function(t,a){var n=new p(3);d(n,a);var r=1/n[0],e=1/n[1],o=1/n[2],u=a[0]*r,h=a[1]*e,i=a[2]*o,M=a[4]*r,s=a[5]*e,c=a[6]*o,f=a[8]*r,l=a[9]*e,v=a[10]*o,b=u+s+v,m=0;return 0<b?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+b),t[3]=.25*m,t[0]=(c-l)/m,t[1]=(f-i)/m,t[2]=(h-M)/m):s<u&&v<u?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+u-s-v),t[3]=(c-l)/m,t[0]=.25*m,t[1]=(h+M)/m,t[2]=(f+i)/m):v<s?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+s-u-v),t[3]=(f-i)/m,M
t[0]=(h+M)/m,t[1]=.25*m,t[2]=(c+l)/m):(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+v-u-s),t[3]=(h-M)/m,t[0]=(f+i)/m,t[1]=(c+l)/m,t[2]=.25*m),t},decompose:function(t,a,n,r){a[0]=r[12],a[1]=r[13],a[2]=r[14];var e=r[0],o=r[1],u=r[2],h=r[4],i=r[5],M=r[6],s=r[8],c=r[9],f=r[10];n[0]=Math.hypot(e,o,u),n[1]=Math.hypot(h,i,M),n[2]=Math.hypot(s,c,f);var l=1/n[0],v=1/n[1],b=1/n[2],m=e*l,p=o*v,d=u*b,y=h*l,x=i*v,g=M*b,q=s*l,_=c*v,A=f*b,R=m+x+A,O=0;return 0<R?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+R),t[3]=.25*O,t[0]=(g-_)/O,t[1]=(q-d)/O,t[2]=(p-y)/O):x<m&&A<m?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+mM
-x-A),t[3]=(g-_)/O,t[0]=.25*O,t[1]=(p+y)/O,t[2]=(q+d)/O):A<x?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+x-m-A),t[3]=(q-d)/O,t[0]=(p+y)/O,t[1]=.25*O,t[2]=(g+_)/O):(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+A-m-x),t[3]=(p-y)/O,t[0]=(q+d)/O,t[1]=(g+_)/O,t[2]=.25*O),t},fromRotationTranslationScale:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2],h=a[3],i=e+e,M=o+o,s=u+u,c=e*i,f=e*M,l=e*s,v=o*M,b=o*s,m=u*s,p=h*i,d=h*M,y=h*s,x=r[0],g=r[1],q=r[2];return t[0]=(1-(v+m))*x,t[1]=(f+y)*x,t[2]=(l-d)*x,t[3]=0,t[4]=(f-y)*g,t[5]=(1-(c+m))*g,t[6]=(b+p)*g,t[7]=0,t[8]=(l+d)*q,t[9]=(b-p)*q,tM
[10]=(1-(c+v))*q,t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0],t[13]=n[1],t[14]=n[2],t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslationScaleOrigin:function(t,a,n,r,e){var o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=o+o,s=u+u,c=h+h,f=o*M,l=o*s,v=o*c,b=u*s,m=u*c,p=h*c,d=i*M,y=i*s,x=i*c,g=r[0],q=r[1],_=r[2],A=e[0],R=e[1],O=e[2],w=(1-(b+p))*g,T=(l+x)*g,P=(v-y)*g,D=(l-x)*q,z=(1-(f+p))*q,E=(m+d)*q,I=(v+y)*_,S=(m-d)*_,j=(1-(f+b))*_;return t[0]=w,t[1]=T,t[2]=P,t[3]=0,t[4]=D,t[5]=z,t[6]=E,t[7]=0,t[8]=I,t[9]=S,t[10]=j,t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0]+A-(w*A+D*R+I*O),t[13]=n[1]+R-(T*A+z*R+S*O),tM
[14]=n[2]+O-(P*A+E*R+j*O),t[15]=1,t},fromQuat:function(t,a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=n+n,h=r+r,i=e+e,M=n*u,s=r*u,c=r*h,f=e*u,l=e*h,v=e*i,b=o*u,m=o*h,p=o*i;return t[0]=1-c-v,t[1]=s+p,t[2]=f-m,t[3]=0,t[4]=s-p,t[5]=1-M-v,t[6]=l+b,t[7]=0,t[8]=f+m,t[9]=l-b,t[10]=1-M-c,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},frustum:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(n-a),i=1/(e-r),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=2*o*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=2*o*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=(n+a)*h,t[9]=(e+r)*i,t[10]=(u+o)*M,t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[M
14]=u*o*2*M,t[15]=0,t},perspectiveNO:e,perspective:u,perspectiveZO:function(t,a,n,r,e){var o=1/Math.tan(a/2);if(t[0]=o/n,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=o,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[15]=0,null!=e&&e!==1/0){var u=1/(r-e);t[10]=e*u,t[14]=e*r*u}else t[10]=-1,t[14]=-r;return t},perspectiveFromFieldOfView:function(t,a,n,r){var e=Math.tan(a.upDegrees*Math.PI/180),o=Math.tan(a.downDegrees*Math.PI/180),u=Math.tan(a.leftDegrees*Math.PI/180),h=Math.tan(a.rightDegrees*Math.PI/180),i=2/(u+h),M=2/(eM
+o);return t[0]=i,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=M,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=-(u-h)*i*.5,t[9]=(e-o)*M*.5,t[10]=r/(n-r),t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=r*n/(n-r),t[15]=0,t},orthoNO:h,ortho:i,orthoZO:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(a-n),i=1/(r-e),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=-2*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=-2*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=M,t[11]=0,t[12]=(a+n)*h,t[13]=(e+r)*i,t[14]=o*M,t[15]=1,t},lookAt:function(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v=a[0],b=a[1],m=a[2],p=r[0],d=r[1],y=r[2],x=n[0],g=n[1],q=n[2];return MatM
h.abs(v-x)<S&&Math.abs(b-g)<S&&Math.abs(m-q)<S?_(t):(s=v-x,c=b-g,f=m-q,e=d*(f*=l=1/Math.hypot(s,c,f))-y*(c*=l),o=y*(s*=l)-p*f,u=p*c-d*s,(l=Math.hypot(e,o,u))?(e*=l=1/l,o*=l,u*=l):u=o=e=0,h=c*u-f*o,i=f*e-s*u,M=s*o-c*e,(l=Math.hypot(h,i,M))?(h*=l=1/l,i*=l,M*=l):M=i=h=0,t[0]=e,t[1]=h,t[2]=s,t[3]=0,t[4]=o,t[5]=i,t[6]=c,t[7]=0,t[8]=u,t[9]=M,t[10]=f,t[11]=0,t[12]=-(e*v+o*b+u*m),t[13]=-(h*v+i*b+M*m),t[14]=-(s*v+c*b+f*m),t[15]=1,t)},targetTo:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2],h=r[0],i=r[1],M=r[2],s=e-n[0],c=o-n[1],M
f=u-n[2],l=s*s+c*c+f*f;0<l&&(s*=l=1/Math.sqrt(l),c*=l,f*=l);var v=i*f-M*c,b=M*s-h*f,m=h*c-i*s;return 0<(l=v*v+b*b+m*m)&&(v*=l=1/Math.sqrt(l),b*=l,m*=l),t[0]=v,t[1]=b,t[2]=m,t[3]=0,t[4]=c*m-f*b,t[5]=f*v-s*m,t[6]=s*b-c*v,t[7]=0,t[8]=s,t[9]=c,t[10]=f,t[11]=0,t[12]=e,t[13]=o,t[14]=u,t[15]=1,t},str:function(t){return"mat4("+t[0]+", "+t[1]+", "+t[2]+", "+t[3]+", "+t[4]+", "+t[5]+", "+t[6]+", "+t[7]+", "+t[8]+", "+t[9]+", "+t[10]+", "+t[11]+", "+t[12]+", "+t[13]+", "+t[14]+", "+t[15]+")"},frob:function(t){return Math.hypoM
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?a(exports):"fuM
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,g=r*i-e*h,q=r*M-o*h,_=e*M-o*i,A=s*b-c*v,R=s*m-f*v,O=s*p-l*v,w=c*m-f*b,T=c*p-l*b,P=f*p-l*m,D=d*P-y*T+x*w+g*O-q*R+_*A;return D?(D=1/D,t[0]=(h*P-i*T+M*w)*D,t[1]=(e*T-r*P-o*w)*D,t[2]=(b*_-m*q+p*g)*D,t[3]=(f*q-c*_-l*g)*D,t[4]=(i*O-u*P-M*R)*D,t[5]=(n*P-e*O+o*R)*D,t[6]=(m*x-v*_-p*y)*D,t[7]=(s*_-f*x+l*y)*D,t[8]=(u*T-h*O+M*A)*D,t[9]=(r*O-n*T-o*A)*D,t[10]=(v*q-b*x+p*d)*D,t[11]=(c*x-s*q-l*d)*D,t[12]=(h*R-u*w-i*A)*D,t[13]=(n*w-r*R+e*A)*D,t[14]=(b*y-v*g-m*d)*D,t[15]=(s*g-c*y+f*d)*D,t):null},adjoint:function(t,a){var n=a[0],r=aM
[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=a[4],h=a[5],i=a[6],M=a[7],s=a[8],c=a[9],f=a[10],l=a[11],v=a[12],b=a[13],m=a[14],p=a[15],d=n*h-r*u,y=n*i-e*u,x=n*M-o*u,g=r*i-e*h,q=r*M-o*h,_=e*M-o*i,A=s*b-c*v,R=s*m-f*v,O=s*p-l*v,w=c*m-f*b,T=c*p-l*b,P=f*p-l*m;return t[0]=h*P-i*T+M*w,t[1]=e*T-r*P-o*w,t[2]=b*_-m*q+p*g,t[3]=f*q-c*_-l*g,t[4]=i*O-u*P-M*R,t[5]=n*P-e*O+o*R,t[6]=m*x-v*_-p*y,t[7]=s*_-f*x+l*y,t[8]=u*T-h*O+M*A,t[9]=r*O-n*T-o*A,t[10]=v*q-b*x+p*d,t[11]=c*x-s*q-l*d,t[12]=h*R-u*w-i*A,t[13]=n*w-r*R+e*A,t[14]=b*y-v*g-m*d,t[15]=s*g-c*y+f*d,t},deteM
rminant:function(t){var a=t[0],n=t[1],r=t[2],e=t[3],o=t[4],u=t[5],h=t[6],i=t[7],M=t[8],s=t[9],c=t[10],f=t[11],l=t[12],v=t[13],b=t[14],m=a*u-n*o,p=a*h-r*o,d=n*h-r*u,y=M*v-s*l,x=M*b-c*l,g=s*b-c*v;return i*(a*g-n*x+r*y)-e*(o*g-u*x+h*y)+t[15]*(M*d-s*p+c*m)-f*(l*d-v*p+b*m)},multiply:r,translate:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b=n[0],m=n[1],p=n[2];return a===t?(t[12]=a[0]*b+a[4]*m+a[8]*p+a[12],t[13]=a[1]*b+a[5]*m+a[9]*p+a[13],t[14]=a[2]*b+a[6]*m+a[10]*p+a[14],t[15]=a[3]*b+a[7]*m+a[11]*p+a[15]):(r=a[0],e=a[1],M
o=a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=a[8],f=a[9],l=a[10],v=a[11],t[0]=r,t[1]=e,t[2]=o,t[3]=u,t[4]=h,t[5]=i,t[6]=M,t[7]=s,t[8]=c,t[9]=f,t[10]=l,t[11]=v,t[12]=r*b+h*m+c*p+a[12],t[13]=e*b+i*m+f*p+a[13],t[14]=o*b+M*m+l*p+a[14],t[15]=u*b+s*m+v*p+a[15]),t},scale:function(t,a,n){var r=n[0],e=n[1],o=n[2];return t[0]=a[0]*r,t[1]=a[1]*r,t[2]=a[2]*r,t[3]=a[3]*r,t[4]=a[4]*e,t[5]=a[5]*e,t[6]=a[6]*e,t[7]=a[7]*e,t[8]=a[8]*o,t[9]=a[9]*o,t[10]=a[10]*o,t[11]=a[11]*o,t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15],t},rotate:fuM
nction(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b,m,p,d,y,x,g,q,_,A,R,O,w,T=r[0],P=r[1],D=r[2],z=Math.hypot(T,P,D);return z<S?null:(T*=z=1/z,P*=z,D*=z,e=Math.sin(n),u=1-(o=Math.cos(n)),h=a[0],i=a[1],M=a[2],s=a[3],c=a[4],f=a[5],l=a[6],v=a[7],b=a[8],m=a[9],p=a[10],d=a[11],y=T*T*u+o,x=P*T*u+D*e,g=D*T*u-P*e,q=T*P*u-D*e,_=P*P*u+o,A=D*P*u+T*e,R=T*D*u+P*e,O=P*D*u-T*e,w=D*D*u+o,t[0]=h*y+c*x+b*g,t[1]=i*y+f*x+m*g,t[2]=M*y+l*x+p*g,t[3]=s*y+v*x+d*g,t[4]=h*q+c*_+b*A,t[5]=i*q+f*_+m*A,t[6]=M*q+l*_+p*A,t[7]=s*q+v*_+d*A,t[8]=h*R+c*O+b*w,M
t[9]=i*R+f*O+m*w,t[10]=M*R+l*O+p*w,t[11]=s*R+v*O+d*w,a!==t&&(t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t)},rotateX:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[4],u=a[5],h=a[6],i=a[7],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t[3]=a[3],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[4]=o*e+M*r,t[5]=u*e+s*r,t[6]=h*e+c*r,t[7]=i*e+f*r,t[8]=M*e-o*r,t[9]=s*e-u*r,t[10]=c*e-h*r,t[11]=f*e-i*r,t},rotateY:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=M
a[3],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[4]=a[4],t[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[6],t[7]=a[7],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e-M*r,t[1]=u*e-s*r,t[2]=h*e-c*r,t[3]=i*e-f*r,t[8]=o*r+M*e,t[9]=u*r+s*e,t[10]=h*r+c*e,t[11]=i*r+f*e,t},rotateZ:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[4],s=a[5],c=a[6],f=a[7];return a!==t&&(t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e+M*r,t[1]=u*e+s*r,t[2]=h*e+c*r,t[3]=i*e+f*r,M
t[4]=M*e-o*r,t[5]=s*e-u*r,t[6]=c*e-h*r,t[7]=f*e-i*r,t},fromTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=a[0],t[13]=a[1],t[14]=a[2],t[15]=1,t},fromScaling:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=a[1],t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=a[2],t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotation:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u=n[0],h=n[1],i=n[2],M=Math.hypot(u,h,i);return M<S?null:(u*=M=1/M,h*=M,i*=M,r=Math.sin(a),o=1-(M
e=Math.cos(a)),t[0]=u*u*o+e,t[1]=h*u*o+i*r,t[2]=i*u*o-h*r,t[3]=0,t[4]=u*h*o-i*r,t[5]=h*h*o+e,t[6]=i*h*o+u*r,t[7]=0,t[8]=u*i*o+h*r,t[9]=h*i*o-u*r,t[10]=i*i*o+e,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t)},fromXRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=r,t[6]=n,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=-n,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromYRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=0,t[2]=-n,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]M
=n,t[9]=0,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromZRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=n,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=-n,t[5]=r,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslation:f,fromQuat2:function(t,a){var n=new p(3),r=-a[0],e=-a[1],o=-a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=r*r+e*e+o*o+u*u;return 0<c?(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*o-M*e)/c,n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o)/c,n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)/c):(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*o-M*e),n[1]=2*(M
i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o),n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)),f(t,a,n),t},getTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[12],t[1]=a[13],t[2]=a[14],t},getScaling:d,getRotation:function(t,a){var n=new p(3);d(n,a);var r=1/n[0],e=1/n[1],o=1/n[2],u=a[0]*r,h=a[1]*e,i=a[2]*o,M=a[4]*r,s=a[5]*e,c=a[6]*o,f=a[8]*r,l=a[9]*e,v=a[10]*o,b=u+s+v,m=0;return 0<b?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+b),t[3]=.25*m,t[0]=(c-l)/m,t[1]=(f-i)/m,t[2]=(h-M)/m):s<u&&v<u?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+u-s-v),t[3]=(c-l)/m,t[0]=.25*m,t[1]=(h+M)/m,t[2]=(f+i)/m):v<s?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+s-u-v),t[3]=(f-i)/m,M
t[0]=(h+M)/m,t[1]=.25*m,t[2]=(c+l)/m):(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+v-u-s),t[3]=(h-M)/m,t[0]=(f+i)/m,t[1]=(c+l)/m,t[2]=.25*m),t},decompose:function(t,a,n,r){a[0]=r[12],a[1]=r[13],a[2]=r[14];var e=r[0],o=r[1],u=r[2],h=r[4],i=r[5],M=r[6],s=r[8],c=r[9],f=r[10];n[0]=Math.hypot(e,o,u),n[1]=Math.hypot(h,i,M),n[2]=Math.hypot(s,c,f);var l=1/n[0],v=1/n[1],b=1/n[2],m=e*l,p=o*v,d=u*b,y=h*l,x=i*v,g=M*b,q=s*l,_=c*v,A=f*b,R=m+x+A,O=0;return 0<R?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+R),t[3]=.25*O,t[0]=(g-_)/O,t[1]=(q-d)/O,t[2]=(p-y)/O):x<m&&A<m?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+mM
-x-A),t[3]=(g-_)/O,t[0]=.25*O,t[1]=(p+y)/O,t[2]=(q+d)/O):A<x?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+x-m-A),t[3]=(q-d)/O,t[0]=(p+y)/O,t[1]=.25*O,t[2]=(g+_)/O):(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+A-m-x),t[3]=(p-y)/O,t[0]=(q+d)/O,t[1]=(g+_)/O,t[2]=.25*O),t},fromRotationTranslationScale:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2],h=a[3],i=e+e,M=o+o,s=u+u,c=e*i,f=e*M,l=e*s,v=o*M,b=o*s,m=u*s,p=h*i,d=h*M,y=h*s,x=r[0],g=r[1],q=r[2];return t[0]=(1-(v+m))*x,t[1]=(f+y)*x,t[2]=(l-d)*x,t[3]=0,t[4]=(f-y)*g,t[5]=(1-(c+m))*g,t[6]=(b+p)*g,t[7]=0,t[8]=(l+d)*q,t[9]=(b-p)*q,tM
[10]=(1-(c+v))*q,t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0],t[13]=n[1],t[14]=n[2],t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslationScaleOrigin:function(t,a,n,r,e){var o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=o+o,s=u+u,c=h+h,f=o*M,l=o*s,v=o*c,b=u*s,m=u*c,p=h*c,d=i*M,y=i*s,x=i*c,g=r[0],q=r[1],_=r[2],A=e[0],R=e[1],O=e[2],w=(1-(b+p))*g,T=(l+x)*g,P=(v-y)*g,D=(l-x)*q,z=(1-(f+p))*q,E=(m+d)*q,I=(v+y)*_,S=(m-d)*_,j=(1-(f+b))*_;return t[0]=w,t[1]=T,t[2]=P,t[3]=0,t[4]=D,t[5]=z,t[6]=E,t[7]=0,t[8]=I,t[9]=S,t[10]=j,t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0]+A-(w*A+D*R+I*O),t[13]=n[1]+R-(T*A+z*R+S*O),tM
[14]=n[2]+O-(P*A+E*R+j*O),t[15]=1,t},fromQuat:function(t,a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=n+n,h=r+r,i=e+e,M=n*u,s=r*u,c=r*h,f=e*u,l=e*h,v=e*i,b=o*u,m=o*h,p=o*i;return t[0]=1-c-v,t[1]=s+p,t[2]=f-m,t[3]=0,t[4]=s-p,t[5]=1-M-v,t[6]=l+b,t[7]=0,t[8]=f+m,t[9]=l-b,t[10]=1-M-c,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},frustum:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(n-a),i=1/(e-r),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=2*o*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=2*o*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=(n+a)*h,t[9]=(e+r)*i,t[10]=(u+o)*M,t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[M
14]=u*o*2*M,t[15]=0,t},perspectiveNO:e,perspective:u,perspectiveZO:function(t,a,n,r,e){var o=1/Math.tan(a/2);if(t[0]=o/n,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=o,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[15]=0,null!=e&&e!==1/0){var u=1/(r-e);t[10]=e*u,t[14]=e*r*u}else t[10]=-1,t[14]=-r;return t},perspectiveFromFieldOfView:function(t,a,n,r){var e=Math.tan(a.upDegrees*Math.PI/180),o=Math.tan(a.downDegrees*Math.PI/180),u=Math.tan(a.leftDegrees*Math.PI/180),h=Math.tan(a.rightDegrees*Math.PI/180),i=2/(u+h),M=2/(eM
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?a(exports):"fuM
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],t[7]=a[7],t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15],t},fromValues:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b){var m=new p(16);return m[0]=t,m[1]=a,m[2]=n,m[3]=r,m[4]=e,m[5]=o,m[6]=u,m[7]=h,m[8]=i,m[9]=M,m[10]=s,m[11]=c,m[12]=f,m[13]=l,m[14]=v,m[15]=b,m},set:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b,m){return t[0]=a,t[1]=n,t[2]=r,t[3]=e,t[4]=o,t[5]=u,t[6]=h,t[7]=i,t[8]=M,t[9]=s,t[10]=c,t[11]=f,t[12]=l,t[13]=v,t[14]=b,t[15]=m,t},identity:_,transpose:function(t,a){if(t=M
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,g=r*i-e*h,q=r*M-o*h,_=e*M-o*i,A=s*b-c*v,R=s*m-f*v,O=s*p-l*v,w=c*m-f*b,T=c*p-l*b,P=f*p-l*m,D=d*P-y*T+x*w+g*O-q*R+_*A;return D?(D=1/D,t[0]=(h*P-i*T+M*w)*D,t[1]=(e*T-r*P-o*w)*D,t[2]=(b*_-m*q+p*g)*D,t[3]=(f*q-c*_-l*g)*D,t[4]=(i*O-u*P-M*R)*D,t[5]=(n*P-e*O+o*R)*D,t[6]=(m*x-v*_-p*y)*D,t[7]=(s*_-f*x+l*y)*D,t[8]=(u*T-h*O+M*A)*D,t[9]=(r*O-n*T-o*A)*D,t[10]=(v*q-b*x+p*d)*D,t[11]=(c*x-s*q-l*d)*D,t[12]=(h*R-u*w-i*A)*D,t[13]=(n*w-r*R+e*A)*D,t[14]=(b*y-v*g-m*d)*D,t[15]=(s*g-c*y+f*d)*D,t):null},adjoint:function(t,a){var n=a[0],r=aM
[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=a[4],h=a[5],i=a[6],M=a[7],s=a[8],c=a[9],f=a[10],l=a[11],v=a[12],b=a[13],m=a[14],p=a[15],d=n*h-r*u,y=n*i-e*u,x=n*M-o*u,g=r*i-e*h,q=r*M-o*h,_=e*M-o*i,A=s*b-c*v,R=s*m-f*v,O=s*p-l*v,w=c*m-f*b,T=c*p-l*b,P=f*p-l*m;return t[0]=h*P-i*T+M*w,t[1]=e*T-r*P-o*w,t[2]=b*_-m*q+p*g,t[3]=f*q-c*_-l*g,t[4]=i*O-u*P-M*R,t[5]=n*P-e*O+o*R,t[6]=m*x-v*_-p*y,t[7]=s*_-f*x+l*y,t[8]=u*T-h*O+M*A,t[9]=r*O-n*T-o*A,t[10]=v*q-b*x+p*d,t[11]=c*x-s*q-l*d,t[12]=h*R-u*w-i*A,t[13]=n*w-r*R+e*A,t[14]=b*y-v*g-m*d,t[15]=s*g-c*y+f*d,t},deteM
rminant:function(t){var a=t[0],n=t[1],r=t[2],e=t[3],o=t[4],u=t[5],h=t[6],i=t[7],M=t[8],s=t[9],c=t[10],f=t[11],l=t[12],v=t[13],b=t[14],m=a*u-n*o,p=a*h-r*o,d=n*h-r*u,y=M*v-s*l,x=M*b-c*l,g=s*b-c*v;return i*(a*g-n*x+r*y)-e*(o*g-u*x+h*y)+t[15]*(M*d-s*p+c*m)-f*(l*d-v*p+b*m)},multiply:r,translate:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b=n[0],m=n[1],p=n[2];return a===t?(t[12]=a[0]*b+a[4]*m+a[8]*p+a[12],t[13]=a[1]*b+a[5]*m+a[9]*p+a[13],t[14]=a[2]*b+a[6]*m+a[10]*p+a[14],t[15]=a[3]*b+a[7]*m+a[11]*p+a[15]):(r=a[0],e=a[1],M
o=a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=a[8],f=a[9],l=a[10],v=a[11],t[0]=r,t[1]=e,t[2]=o,t[3]=u,t[4]=h,t[5]=i,t[6]=M,t[7]=s,t[8]=c,t[9]=f,t[10]=l,t[11]=v,t[12]=r*b+h*m+c*p+a[12],t[13]=e*b+i*m+f*p+a[13],t[14]=o*b+M*m+l*p+a[14],t[15]=u*b+s*m+v*p+a[15]),t},scale:function(t,a,n){var r=n[0],e=n[1],o=n[2];return t[0]=a[0]*r,t[1]=a[1]*r,t[2]=a[2]*r,t[3]=a[3]*r,t[4]=a[4]*e,t[5]=a[5]*e,t[6]=a[6]*e,t[7]=a[7]*e,t[8]=a[8]*o,t[9]=a[9]*o,t[10]=a[10]*o,t[11]=a[11]*o,t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15],t},rotate:fuM
nction(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b,m,p,d,y,x,g,q,_,A,R,O,w,T=r[0],P=r[1],D=r[2],z=Math.hypot(T,P,D);return z<S?null:(T*=z=1/z,P*=z,D*=z,e=Math.sin(n),u=1-(o=Math.cos(n)),h=a[0],i=a[1],M=a[2],s=a[3],c=a[4],f=a[5],l=a[6],v=a[7],b=a[8],m=a[9],p=a[10],d=a[11],y=T*T*u+o,x=P*T*u+D*e,g=D*T*u-P*e,q=T*P*u-D*e,_=P*P*u+o,A=D*P*u+T*e,R=T*D*u+P*e,O=P*D*u-T*e,w=D*D*u+o,t[0]=h*y+c*x+b*g,t[1]=i*y+f*x+m*g,t[2]=M*y+l*x+p*g,t[3]=s*y+v*x+d*g,t[4]=h*q+c*_+b*A,t[5]=i*q+f*_+m*A,t[6]=M*q+l*_+p*A,t[7]=s*q+v*_+d*A,t[8]=h*R+c*O+b*w,M
t[9]=i*R+f*O+m*w,t[10]=M*R+l*O+p*w,t[11]=s*R+v*O+d*w,a!==t&&(t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t)},rotateX:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[4],u=a[5],h=a[6],i=a[7],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t[3]=a[3],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[4]=o*e+M*r,t[5]=u*e+s*r,t[6]=h*e+c*r,t[7]=i*e+f*r,t[8]=M*e-o*r,t[9]=s*e-u*r,t[10]=c*e-h*r,t[11]=f*e-i*r,t},rotateY:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=M
a[3],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[4]=a[4],t[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[6],t[7]=a[7],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e-M*r,t[1]=u*e-s*r,t[2]=h*e-c*r,t[3]=i*e-f*r,t[8]=o*r+M*e,t[9]=u*r+s*e,t[10]=h*r+c*e,t[11]=i*r+f*e,t},rotateZ:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[4],s=a[5],c=a[6],f=a[7];return a!==t&&(t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e+M*r,t[1]=u*e+s*r,t[2]=h*e+c*r,t[3]=i*e+f*r,M
t[4]=M*e-o*r,t[5]=s*e-u*r,t[6]=c*e-h*r,t[7]=f*e-i*r,t},fromTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=a[0],t[13]=a[1],t[14]=a[2],t[15]=1,t},fromScaling:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=a[1],t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=a[2],t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotation:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u=n[0],h=n[1],i=n[2],M=Math.hypot(u,h,i);return M<S?null:(u*=M=1/M,h*=M,i*=M,r=Math.sin(a),o=1-(M
e=Math.cos(a)),t[0]=u*u*o+e,t[1]=h*u*o+i*r,t[2]=i*u*o-h*r,t[3]=0,t[4]=u*h*o-i*r,t[5]=h*h*o+e,t[6]=i*h*o+u*r,t[7]=0,t[8]=u*i*o+h*r,t[9]=h*i*o-u*r,t[10]=i*i*o+e,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t)},fromXRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=r,t[6]=n,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=-n,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromYRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=0,t[2]=-n,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]M
=n,t[9]=0,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromZRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=n,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=-n,t[5]=r,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslation:f,fromQuat2:function(t,a){var n=new p(3),r=-a[0],e=-a[1],o=-a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=r*r+e*e+o*o+u*u;return 0<c?(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*o-M*e)/c,n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o)/c,n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)/c):(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*o-M*e),n[1]=2*(M
i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o),n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)),f(t,a,n),t},getTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[12],t[1]=a[13],t[2]=a[14],t},getScaling:d,getRotation:function(t,a){var n=new p(3);d(n,a);var r=1/n[0],e=1/n[1],o=1/n[2],u=a[0]*r,h=a[1]*e,i=a[2]*o,M=a[4]*r,s=a[5]*e,c=a[6]*o,f=a[8]*r,l=a[9]*e,v=a[10]*o,b=u+s+v,m=0;return 0<b?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+b),t[3]=.25*m,t[0]=(c-l)/m,t[1]=(f-i)/m,t[2]=(h-M)/m):s<u&&v<u?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+u-s-v),t[3]=(c-l)/m,t[0]=.25*m,t[1]=(h+M)/m,t[2]=(f+i)/m):v<s?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+s-u-v),t[3]=(f-i)/m,M
t[0]=(h+M)/m,t[1]=.25*m,t[2]=(c+l)/m):(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+v-u-s),t[3]=(h-M)/m,t[0]=(f+i)/m,t[1]=(c+l)/m,t[2]=.25*m),t},decompose:function(t,a,n,r){a[0]=r[12],a[1]=r[13],a[2]=r[14];var e=r[0],o=r[1],u=r[2],h=r[4],i=r[5],M=r[6],s=r[8],c=r[9],f=r[10];n[0]=Math.hypot(e,o,u),n[1]=Math.hypot(h,i,M),n[2]=Math.hypot(s,c,f);var l=1/n[0],v=1/n[1],b=1/n[2],m=e*l,p=o*v,d=u*b,y=h*l,x=i*v,g=M*b,q=s*l,_=c*v,A=f*b,R=m+x+A,O=0;return 0<R?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+R),t[3]=.25*O,t[0]=(g-_)/O,t[1]=(q-d)/O,t[2]=(p-y)/O):x<m&&A<m?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+mM
-x-A),t[3]=(g-_)/O,t[0]=.25*O,t[1]=(p+y)/O,t[2]=(q+d)/O):A<x?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+x-m-A),t[3]=(q-d)/O,t[0]=(p+y)/O,t[1]=.25*O,t[2]=(g+_)/O):(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+A-m-x),t[3]=(p-y)/O,t[0]=(q+d)/O,t[1]=(g+_)/O,t[2]=.25*O),t},fromRotationTranslationScale:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2],h=a[3],i=e+e,M=o+o,s=u+u,c=e*i,f=e*M,l=e*s,v=o*M,b=o*s,m=u*s,p=h*i,d=h*M,y=h*s,x=r[0],g=r[1],q=r[2];return t[0]=(1-(v+m))*x,t[1]=(f+y)*x,t[2]=(l-d)*x,t[3]=0,t[4]=(f-y)*g,t[5]=(1-(c+m))*g,t[6]=(b+p)*g,t[7]=0,t[8]=(l+d)*q,t[9]=(b-p)*q,tM
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px; color:chocolate;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof moduM
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d,y=n[4],x=n[5],g=n[6],q=n[7],t[4]=y*r+x*h+g*c+q*b,t[5]=y*e+x*i+g*f+q*m,t[6]=y*o+x*M+g*l+q*p,t[7]=y*u+x*s+g*v+q*d,y=n[8],x=n[9],g=n[10],q=n[11],t[8]=y*r+x*h+g*c+q*b,t[9]=y*e+x*i+g*f+q*m,t[10]=y*o+x*M+g*l+q*p,t[11]=y*u+x*s+g*v+q*d,y=n[12],x=n[13],g=n[14],q=n[15],t[12]=y*r+x*h+g*c+q*b,t[13]=y*e+x*i+g*f+q*m,t[14]=y*o+x*M+g*l+q*p,t[15]=y*u+x*s+g*v+q*d,t}function f(t,a,n){var r=a[0],e=a[1],o=a[2],u=a[3],h=r+r,i=e+e,M=o+o,s=r*h,c=r*i,f=r*M,l=e*i,v=e*M,b=o*M,m=u*h,p=u*i,d=u*M;return t[0]=1-(l+b),t[1]=c+d,t[2]=f-p,t[3]=0,tM
[4]=c-d,t[5]=1-(s+b),t[6]=v+m,t[7]=0,t[8]=f+p,t[9]=v-m,t[10]=1-(s+l),t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0],t[13]=n[1],t[14]=n[2],t[15]=1,t}function d(t,a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[4],u=a[5],h=a[6],i=a[8],M=a[9],s=a[10];return t[0]=Math.hypot(n,r,e),t[1]=Math.hypot(o,u,h),t[2]=Math.hypot(i,M,s),t}function e(t,a,n,r,e){var o=1/Math.tan(a/2);if(t[0]=o/n,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=o,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[15]=0,null!=e&&e!==1/0){var u=1/(r-e);t[10]=(e+r)*u,t[14]=2*e*r*u}else t[10]=-1,t[14]=-2*r;rM
eturn t}var u=e;function h(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(a-n),i=1/(r-e),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=-2*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=-2*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=2*M,t[11]=0,t[12]=(a+n)*h,t[13]=(e+r)*i,t[14]=(u+o)*M,t[15]=1,t}var i=h;function M(t,a,n){return t[0]=a[0]-n[0],t[1]=a[1]-n[1],t[2]=a[2]-n[2],t[3]=a[3]-n[3],t[4]=a[4]-n[4],t[5]=a[5]-n[5],t[6]=a[6]-n[6],t[7]=a[7]-n[7],t[8]=a[8]-n[8],t[9]=a[9]-n[9],t[10]=a[10]-n[10],t[11]=a[11]-n[11],t[12]=a[12]-n[12],t[13]=a[13]-n[13],t[14]=a[14]-n[14],t[15]=a[15]-n[15],M
t}var s=r,c=M,l=Object.freeze({__proto__:null,create:function(){var t=new p(16);return p!=Float32Array&&(t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0),t[0]=1,t[5]=1,t[10]=1,t[15]=1,t},clone:function(t){var a=new p(16);return a[0]=t[0],a[1]=t[1],a[2]=t[2],a[3]=t[3],a[4]=t[4],a[5]=t[5],a[6]=t[6],a[7]=t[7],a[8]=t[8],a[9]=t[9],a[10]=t[10],a[11]=t[11],a[12]=t[12],a[13]=t[13],a[14]=t[14],a[15]=t[15],a},copy:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t[3]=a[3],t[4]=a[4],tM
[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[6],t[7]=a[7],t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15],t},fromValues:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b){var m=new p(16);return m[0]=t,m[1]=a,m[2]=n,m[3]=r,m[4]=e,m[5]=o,m[6]=u,m[7]=h,m[8]=i,m[9]=M,m[10]=s,m[11]=c,m[12]=f,m[13]=l,m[14]=v,m[15]=b,m},set:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b,m){return t[0]=a,t[1]=n,t[2]=r,t[3]=e,t[4]=o,t[5]=u,t[6]=h,t[7]=i,t[8]=M,t[9]=s,t[10]=c,t[11]=f,t[12]=l,t[13]=v,t[14]=b,t[15]=m,t},identity:_,transpose:fuM
nction(t,a){if(t===a){var n=a[1],r=a[2],e=a[3],o=a[6],u=a[7],h=a[11];t[1]=a[4],t[2]=a[8],t[3]=a[12],t[4]=n,t[6]=a[9],t[7]=a[13],t[8]=r,t[9]=o,t[11]=a[14],t[12]=e,t[13]=u,t[14]=h}else t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[4],t[2]=a[8],t[3]=a[12],t[4]=a[1],t[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[9],t[7]=a[13],t[8]=a[2],t[9]=a[6],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[14],t[12]=a[3],t[13]=a[7],t[14]=a[11],t[15]=a[15];return t},invert:function(t,a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=a[4],h=a[5],i=a[6],M=a[7],s=a[8],c=a[9],f=a[10],l=a[11],v=a[12],b=a[13],m=a[14],p=a[15],d=n*h-r*u,y=M
n*i-e*u,x=n*M-o*u,g=r*i-e*h,q=r*M-o*h,_=e*M-o*i,A=s*b-c*v,R=s*m-f*v,O=s*p-l*v,w=c*m-f*b,T=c*p-l*b,P=f*p-l*m,D=d*P-y*T+x*w+g*O-q*R+_*A;return D?(D=1/D,t[0]=(h*P-i*T+M*w)*D,t[1]=(e*T-r*P-o*w)*D,t[2]=(b*_-m*q+p*g)*D,t[3]=(f*q-c*_-l*g)*D,t[4]=(i*O-u*P-M*R)*D,t[5]=(n*P-e*O+o*R)*D,t[6]=(m*x-v*_-p*y)*D,t[7]=(s*_-f*x+l*y)*D,t[8]=(u*T-h*O+M*A)*D,t[9]=(r*O-n*T-o*A)*D,t[10]=(v*q-b*x+p*d)*D,t[11]=(c*x-s*q-l*d)*D,t[12]=(h*R-u*w-i*A)*D,t[13]=(n*w-r*R+e*A)*D,t[14]=(b*y-v*g-m*d)*D,t[15]=(s*g-c*y+f*d)*D,t):null},adjoint:function(t,M
a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=a[4],h=a[5],i=a[6],M=a[7],s=a[8],c=a[9],f=a[10],l=a[11],v=a[12],b=a[13],m=a[14],p=a[15],d=n*h-r*u,y=n*i-e*u,x=n*M-o*u,g=r*i-e*h,q=r*M-o*h,_=e*M-o*i,A=s*b-c*v,R=s*m-f*v,O=s*p-l*v,w=c*m-f*b,T=c*p-l*b,P=f*p-l*m;return t[0]=h*P-i*T+M*w,t[1]=e*T-r*P-o*w,t[2]=b*_-m*q+p*g,t[3]=f*q-c*_-l*g,t[4]=i*O-u*P-M*R,t[5]=n*P-e*O+o*R,t[6]=m*x-v*_-p*y,t[7]=s*_-f*x+l*y,t[8]=u*T-h*O+M*A,t[9]=r*O-n*T-o*A,t[10]=v*q-b*x+p*d,t[11]=c*x-s*q-l*d,t[12]=h*R-u*w-i*A,t[13]=n*w-r*R+e*A,t[14]=b*y-v*g-m*d,t[15]=s*M
g-c*y+f*d,t},determinant:function(t){var a=t[0],n=t[1],r=t[2],e=t[3],o=t[4],u=t[5],h=t[6],i=t[7],M=t[8],s=t[9],c=t[10],f=t[11],l=t[12],v=t[13],b=t[14],m=a*u-n*o,p=a*h-r*o,d=n*h-r*u,y=M*v-s*l,x=M*b-c*l,g=s*b-c*v;return i*(a*g-n*x+r*y)-e*(o*g-u*x+h*y)+t[15]*(M*d-s*p+c*m)-f*(l*d-v*p+b*m)},multiply:r,translate:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b=n[0],m=n[1],p=n[2];return a===t?(t[12]=a[0]*b+a[4]*m+a[8]*p+a[12],t[13]=a[1]*b+a[5]*m+a[9]*p+a[13],t[14]=a[2]*b+a[6]*m+a[10]*p+a[14],t[15]=a[3]*b+a[7]*m+a[11]*p+a[15]M
):(r=a[0],e=a[1],o=a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=a[8],f=a[9],l=a[10],v=a[11],t[0]=r,t[1]=e,t[2]=o,t[3]=u,t[4]=h,t[5]=i,t[6]=M,t[7]=s,t[8]=c,t[9]=f,t[10]=l,t[11]=v,t[12]=r*b+h*m+c*p+a[12],t[13]=e*b+i*m+f*p+a[13],t[14]=o*b+M*m+l*p+a[14],t[15]=u*b+s*m+v*p+a[15]),t},scale:function(t,a,n){var r=n[0],e=n[1],o=n[2];return t[0]=a[0]*r,t[1]=a[1]*r,t[2]=a[2]*r,t[3]=a[3]*r,t[4]=a[4]*e,t[5]=a[5]*e,t[6]=a[6]*e,t[7]=a[7]*e,t[8]=a[8]*o,t[9]=a[9]*o,t[10]=a[10]*o,t[11]=a[11]*o,t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=aM
[15],t},rotate:function(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b,m,p,d,y,x,g,q,_,A,R,O,w,T=r[0],P=r[1],D=r[2],z=Math.hypot(T,P,D);return z<S?null:(T*=z=1/z,P*=z,D*=z,e=Math.sin(n),u=1-(o=Math.cos(n)),h=a[0],i=a[1],M=a[2],s=a[3],c=a[4],f=a[5],l=a[6],v=a[7],b=a[8],m=a[9],p=a[10],d=a[11],y=T*T*u+o,x=P*T*u+D*e,g=D*T*u-P*e,q=T*P*u-D*e,_=P*P*u+o,A=D*P*u+T*e,R=T*D*u+P*e,O=P*D*u-T*e,w=D*D*u+o,t[0]=h*y+c*x+b*g,t[1]=i*y+f*x+m*g,t[2]=M*y+l*x+p*g,t[3]=s*y+v*x+d*g,t[4]=h*q+c*_+b*A,t[5]=i*q+f*_+m*A,t[6]=M*q+l*_+p*A,t[7]=s*q+v*_+d*A,M
t[8]=h*R+c*O+b*w,t[9]=i*R+f*O+m*w,t[10]=M*R+l*O+p*w,t[11]=s*R+v*O+d*w,a!==t&&(t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t)},rotateX:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[4],u=a[5],h=a[6],i=a[7],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t[3]=a[3],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[4]=o*e+M*r,t[5]=u*e+s*r,t[6]=h*e+c*r,t[7]=i*e+f*r,t[8]=M*e-o*r,t[9]=s*e-u*r,t[10]=c*e-h*r,t[11]=f*e-i*r,t},rotateY:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0]M
,u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[4]=a[4],t[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[6],t[7]=a[7],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e-M*r,t[1]=u*e-s*r,t[2]=h*e-c*r,t[3]=i*e-f*r,t[8]=o*r+M*e,t[9]=u*r+s*e,t[10]=h*r+c*e,t[11]=i*r+f*e,t},rotateZ:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[4],s=a[5],c=a[6],f=a[7];return a!==t&&(t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e+M*r,t[1]=u*e+s*r,t[2]=h*e+M
c*r,t[3]=i*e+f*r,t[4]=M*e-o*r,t[5]=s*e-u*r,t[6]=c*e-h*r,t[7]=f*e-i*r,t},fromTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=a[0],t[13]=a[1],t[14]=a[2],t[15]=1,t},fromScaling:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=a[1],t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=a[2],t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotation:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u=n[0],h=n[1],i=n[2],M=Math.hypot(u,h,i);return M<S?null:(u*=M=1/M,h*=M,i*=M,r=M
Math.sin(a),o=1-(e=Math.cos(a)),t[0]=u*u*o+e,t[1]=h*u*o+i*r,t[2]=i*u*o-h*r,t[3]=0,t[4]=u*h*o-i*r,t[5]=h*h*o+e,t[6]=i*h*o+u*r,t[7]=0,t[8]=u*i*o+h*r,t[9]=h*i*o-u*r,t[10]=i*i*o+e,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t)},fromXRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=r,t[6]=n,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=-n,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromYRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=0,t[2]=-n,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,tM
[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=n,t[9]=0,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromZRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=n,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=-n,t[5]=r,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslation:f,fromQuat2:function(t,a){var n=new p(3),r=-a[0],e=-a[1],o=-a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=r*r+e*e+o*o+u*u;return 0<c?(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*o-M*e)/c,n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o)/c,n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)/c):(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+M
i*o-M*e),n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o),n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)),f(t,a,n),t},getTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[12],t[1]=a[13],t[2]=a[14],t},getScaling:d,getRotation:function(t,a){var n=new p(3);d(n,a);var r=1/n[0],e=1/n[1],o=1/n[2],u=a[0]*r,h=a[1]*e,i=a[2]*o,M=a[4]*r,s=a[5]*e,c=a[6]*o,f=a[8]*r,l=a[9]*e,v=a[10]*o,b=u+s+v,m=0;return 0<b?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+b),t[3]=.25*m,t[0]=(c-l)/m,t[1]=(f-i)/m,t[2]=(h-M)/m):s<u&&v<u?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+u-s-v),t[3]=(c-l)/m,t[0]=.25*m,t[1]=(h+M)/m,t[2]=(f+i)/m):v<s?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+s-uM
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the important thing to know about Bitcoin SV is it survived the bitcoin armageddon in 2017 and we now have super saiyan bitcoin zombies.h!
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?a(exports):"fuM
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rminant:function(t){var a=t[0],n=t[1],r=t[2],e=t[3],o=t[4],u=t[5],h=t[6],i=t[7],M=t[8],s=t[9],c=t[10],f=t[11],l=t[12],v=t[13],b=t[14],m=a*u-n*o,p=a*h-r*o,d=n*h-r*u,y=M*v-s*l,x=M*b-c*l,g=s*b-c*v;return i*(a*g-n*x+r*y)-e*(o*g-u*x+h*y)+t[15]*(M*d-s*p+c*m)-f*(l*d-v*p+b*m)},multiply:r,translate:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b=n[0],m=n[1],p=n[2];return a===t?(t[12]=a[0]*b+a[4]*m+a[8]*p+a[12],t[13]=a[1]*b+a[5]*m+a[9]*p+a[13],t[14]=a[2]*b+a[6]*m+a[10]*p+a[14],t[15]=a[3]*b+a[7]*m+a[11]*p+a[15]):(r=a[0],e=a[1],M
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nction(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b,m,p,d,y,x,g,q,_,A,R,O,w,T=r[0],P=r[1],D=r[2],z=Math.hypot(T,P,D);return z<S?null:(T*=z=1/z,P*=z,D*=z,e=Math.sin(n),u=1-(o=Math.cos(n)),h=a[0],i=a[1],M=a[2],s=a[3],c=a[4],f=a[5],l=a[6],v=a[7],b=a[8],m=a[9],p=a[10],d=a[11],y=T*T*u+o,x=P*T*u+D*e,g=D*T*u-P*e,q=T*P*u-D*e,_=P*P*u+o,A=D*P*u+T*e,R=T*D*u+P*e,O=P*D*u-T*e,w=D*D*u+o,t[0]=h*y+c*x+b*g,t[1]=i*y+f*x+m*g,t[2]=M*y+l*x+p*g,t[3]=s*y+v*x+d*g,t[4]=h*q+c*_+b*A,t[5]=i*q+f*_+m*A,t[6]=M*q+l*_+p*A,t[7]=s*q+v*_+d*A,t[8]=h*R+c*O+b*w,M
t[9]=i*R+f*O+m*w,t[10]=M*R+l*O+p*w,t[11]=s*R+v*O+d*w,a!==t&&(t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t)},rotateX:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[4],u=a[5],h=a[6],i=a[7],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t[3]=a[3],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[4]=o*e+M*r,t[5]=u*e+s*r,t[6]=h*e+c*r,t[7]=i*e+f*r,t[8]=M*e-o*r,t[9]=s*e-u*r,t[10]=c*e-h*r,t[11]=f*e-i*r,t},rotateY:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=M
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t[4]=M*e-o*r,t[5]=s*e-u*r,t[6]=c*e-h*r,t[7]=f*e-i*r,t},fromTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=a[0],t[13]=a[1],t[14]=a[2],t[15]=1,t},fromScaling:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=a[1],t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=a[2],t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotation:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u=n[0],h=n[1],i=n[2],M=Math.hypot(u,h,i);return M<S?null:(u*=M=1/M,h*=M,i*=M,r=Math.sin(a),o=1-(M
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?a(exports):"fuM
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text/html;charset=utf-8
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?a(exports):"fuM
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text/html;charset=utf-8
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?a(exports):"fuM
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t[9]=i*R+f*O+m*w,t[10]=M*R+l*O+p*w,t[11]=s*R+v*O+d*w,a!==t&&(t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t)},rotateX:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[4],u=a[5],h=a[6],i=a[7],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t[3]=a[3],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[4]=o*e+M*r,t[5]=u*e+s*r,t[6]=h*e+c*r,t[7]=i*e+f*r,t[8]=M*e-o*r,t[9]=s*e-u*r,t[10]=c*e-h*r,t[11]=f*e-i*r,t},rotateY:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=M
a[3],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[4]=a[4],t[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[6],t[7]=a[7],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e-M*r,t[1]=u*e-s*r,t[2]=h*e-c*r,t[3]=i*e-f*r,t[8]=o*r+M*e,t[9]=u*r+s*e,t[10]=h*r+c*e,t[11]=i*r+f*e,t},rotateZ:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[4],s=a[5],c=a[6],f=a[7];return a!==t&&(t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e+M*r,t[1]=u*e+s*r,t[2]=h*e+c*r,t[3]=i*e+f*r,M
t[4]=M*e-o*r,t[5]=s*e-u*r,t[6]=c*e-h*r,t[7]=f*e-i*r,t},fromTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=a[0],t[13]=a[1],t[14]=a[2],t[15]=1,t},fromScaling:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=a[1],t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=a[2],t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotation:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u=n[0],h=n[1],i=n[2],M=Math.hypot(u,h,i);return M<S?null:(u*=M=1/M,h*=M,i*=M,r=Math.sin(a),o=1-(M
e=Math.cos(a)),t[0]=u*u*o+e,t[1]=h*u*o+i*r,t[2]=i*u*o-h*r,t[3]=0,t[4]=u*h*o-i*r,t[5]=h*h*o+e,t[6]=i*h*o+u*r,t[7]=0,t[8]=u*i*o+h*r,t[9]=h*i*o-u*r,t[10]=i*i*o+e,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t)},fromXRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=r,t[6]=n,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=-n,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromYRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=0,t[2]=-n,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]M
=n,t[9]=0,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromZRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=n,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=-n,t[5]=r,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslation:f,fromQuat2:function(t,a){var n=new p(3),r=-a[0],e=-a[1],o=-a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=r*r+e*e+o*o+u*u;return 0<c?(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*o-M*e)/c,n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o)/c,n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)/c):(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*o-M*e),n[1]=2*(M
i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o),n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)),f(t,a,n),t},getTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[12],t[1]=a[13],t[2]=a[14],t},getScaling:d,getRotation:function(t,a){var n=new p(3);d(n,a);var r=1/n[0],e=1/n[1],o=1/n[2],u=a[0]*r,h=a[1]*e,i=a[2]*o,M=a[4]*r,s=a[5]*e,c=a[6]*o,f=a[8]*r,l=a[9]*e,v=a[10]*o,b=u+s+v,m=0;return 0<b?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+b),t[3]=.25*m,t[0]=(c-l)/m,t[1]=(f-i)/m,t[2]=(h-M)/m):s<u&&v<u?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+u-s-v),t[3]=(c-l)/m,t[0]=.25*m,t[1]=(h+M)/m,t[2]=(f+i)/m):v<s?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+s-u-v),t[3]=(f-i)/m,M
t[0]=(h+M)/m,t[1]=.25*m,t[2]=(c+l)/m):(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+v-u-s),t[3]=(h-M)/m,t[0]=(f+i)/m,t[1]=(c+l)/m,t[2]=.25*m),t},decompose:function(t,a,n,r){a[0]=r[12],a[1]=r[13],a[2]=r[14];var e=r[0],o=r[1],u=r[2],h=r[4],i=r[5],M=r[6],s=r[8],c=r[9],f=r[10];n[0]=Math.hypot(e,o,u),n[1]=Math.hypot(h,i,M),n[2]=Math.hypot(s,c,f);var l=1/n[0],v=1/n[1],b=1/n[2],m=e*l,p=o*v,d=u*b,y=h*l,x=i*v,g=M*b,q=s*l,_=c*v,A=f*b,R=m+x+A,O=0;return 0<R?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+R),t[3]=.25*O,t[0]=(g-_)/O,t[1]=(q-d)/O,t[2]=(p-y)/O):x<m&&A<m?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+mM
-x-A),t[3]=(g-_)/O,t[0]=.25*O,t[1]=(p+y)/O,t[2]=(q+d)/O):A<x?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+x-m-A),t[3]=(q-d)/O,t[0]=(p+y)/O,t[1]=.25*O,t[2]=(g+_)/O):(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+A-m-x),t[3]=(p-y)/O,t[0]=(q+d)/O,t[1]=(g+_)/O,t[2]=.25*O),t},fromRotationTranslationScale:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2],h=a[3],i=e+e,M=o+o,s=u+u,c=e*i,f=e*M,l=e*s,v=o*M,b=o*s,m=u*s,p=h*i,d=h*M,y=h*s,x=r[0],g=r[1],q=r[2];return t[0]=(1-(v+m))*x,t[1]=(f+y)*x,t[2]=(l-d)*x,t[3]=0,t[4]=(f-y)*g,t[5]=(1-(c+m))*g,t[6]=(b+p)*g,t[7]=0,t[8]=(l+d)*q,t[9]=(b-p)*q,tM
[10]=(1-(c+v))*q,t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0],t[13]=n[1],t[14]=n[2],t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslationScaleOrigin:function(t,a,n,r,e){var o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=o+o,s=u+u,c=h+h,f=o*M,l=o*s,v=o*c,b=u*s,m=u*c,p=h*c,d=i*M,y=i*s,x=i*c,g=r[0],q=r[1],_=r[2],A=e[0],R=e[1],O=e[2],w=(1-(b+p))*g,T=(l+x)*g,P=(v-y)*g,D=(l-x)*q,z=(1-(f+p))*q,E=(m+d)*q,I=(v+y)*_,S=(m-d)*_,j=(1-(f+b))*_;return t[0]=w,t[1]=T,t[2]=P,t[3]=0,t[4]=D,t[5]=z,t[6]=E,t[7]=0,t[8]=I,t[9]=S,t[10]=j,t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0]+A-(w*A+D*R+I*O),t[13]=n[1]+R-(T*A+z*R+S*O),tM
[14]=n[2]+O-(P*A+E*R+j*O),t[15]=1,t},fromQuat:function(t,a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=n+n,h=r+r,i=e+e,M=n*u,s=r*u,c=r*h,f=e*u,l=e*h,v=e*i,b=o*u,m=o*h,p=o*i;return t[0]=1-c-v,t[1]=s+p,t[2]=f-m,t[3]=0,t[4]=s-p,t[5]=1-M-v,t[6]=l+b,t[7]=0,t[8]=f+m,t[9]=l-b,t[10]=1-M-c,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},frustum:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(n-a),i=1/(e-r),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=2*o*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=2*o*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=(n+a)*h,t[9]=(e+r)*i,t[10]=(u+o)*M,t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[M
14]=u*o*2*M,t[15]=0,t},perspectiveNO:e,perspective:u,perspectiveZO:function(t,a,n,r,e){var o=1/Math.tan(a/2);if(t[0]=o/n,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=o,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[15]=0,null!=e&&e!==1/0){var u=1/(r-e);t[10]=e*u,t[14]=e*r*u}else t[10]=-1,t[14]=-r;return t},perspectiveFromFieldOfView:function(t,a,n,r){var e=Math.tan(a.upDegrees*Math.PI/180),o=Math.tan(a.downDegrees*Math.PI/180),u=Math.tan(a.leftDegrees*Math.PI/180),h=Math.tan(a.rightDegrees*Math.PI/180),i=2/(u+h),M=2/(eM
+o);return t[0]=i,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=M,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=-(u-h)*i*.5,t[9]=(e-o)*M*.5,t[10]=r/(n-r),t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=r*n/(n-r),t[15]=0,t},orthoNO:h,ortho:i,orthoZO:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(a-n),i=1/(r-e),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=-2*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=-2*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=M,t[11]=0,t[12]=(a+n)*h,t[13]=(e+r)*i,t[14]=o*M,t[15]=1,t},lookAt:function(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v=a[0],b=a[1],m=a[2],p=r[0],d=r[1],y=r[2],x=n[0],g=n[1],q=n[2];return MatM
h.abs(v-x)<S&&Math.abs(b-g)<S&&Math.abs(m-q)<S?_(t):(s=v-x,c=b-g,f=m-q,e=d*(f*=l=1/Math.hypot(s,c,f))-y*(c*=l),o=y*(s*=l)-p*f,u=p*c-d*s,(l=Math.hypot(e,o,u))?(e*=l=1/l,o*=l,u*=l):u=o=e=0,h=c*u-f*o,i=f*e-s*u,M=s*o-c*e,(l=Math.hypot(h,i,M))?(h*=l=1/l,i*=l,M*=l):M=i=h=0,t[0]=e,t[1]=h,t[2]=s,t[3]=0,t[4]=o,t[5]=i,t[6]=c,t[7]=0,t[8]=u,t[9]=M,t[10]=f,t[11]=0,t[12]=-(e*v+o*b+u*m),t[13]=-(h*v+i*b+M*m),t[14]=-(s*v+c*b+f*m),t[15]=1,t)},targetTo:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2],h=r[0],i=r[1],M=r[2],s=e-n[0],c=o-n[1],M
f=u-n[2],l=s*s+c*c+f*f;0<l&&(s*=l=1/Math.sqrt(l),c*=l,f*=l);var v=i*f-M*c,b=M*s-h*f,m=h*c-i*s;return 0<(l=v*v+b*b+m*m)&&(v*=l=1/Math.sqrt(l),b*=l,m*=l),t[0]=v,t[1]=b,t[2]=m,t[3]=0,t[4]=c*m-f*b,t[5]=f*v-s*m,t[6]=s*b-c*v,t[7]=0,t[8]=s,t[9]=c,t[10]=f,t[11]=0,t[12]=e,t[13]=o,t[14]=u,t[15]=1,t},str:function(t){return"mat4("+t[0]+", "+t[1]+", "+t[2]+", "+t[3]+", "+t[4]+", "+t[5]+", "+t[6]+", "+t[7]+", "+t[8]+", "+t[9]+", "+t[10]+", "+t[11]+", "+t[12]+", "+t[13]+", "+t[14]+", "+t[15]+")"},frob:function(t){return Math.hypoM
t(t[0],t[1],t[2],t[3],t[4],t[5],t[6],t[7],t[8],t[9],t[10],t[11],t[12],t[13],t[14],t[15])},add:function(t,a,n){return t[0]=a[0]+n[0],t[1]=a[1]+n[1],t[2]=a[2]+n[2],t[3]=a[3]+n[3],t[4]=a[4]+n[4],t[5]=a[5]+n[5],t[6]=a[6]+n[6],t[7]=a[7]+n[7],t[8]=a[8]+n[8],t[9]=a[9]+n[9],t[10]=a[10]+n[10],t[11]=a[11]+n[11],t[12]=a[12]+n[12],t[13]=a[13]+n[13],t[14]=a[14]+n[14],t[15]=a[15]+n[15],t},subtract:M,multiplyScalar:function(t,a,n){return t[0]=a[0]*n,t[1]=a[1]*n,t[2]=a[2]*n,t[3]=a[3]*n,t[4]=a[4]*n,t[5]=a[5]*n,t[6]=a[6]*n,t[7]=a[7]M
*n,t[8]=a[8]*n,t[9]=a[9]*n,t[10]=a[10]*n,t[11]=a[11]*n,t[12]=a[12]*n,t[13]=a[13]*n,t[14]=a[14]*n,t[15]=a[15]*n,t},multiplyScalarAndAdd:function(t,a,n,r){return t[0]=a[0]+n[0]*r,t[1]=a[1]+n[1]*r,t[2]=a[2]+n[2]*r,t[3]=a[3]+n[3]*r,t[4]=a[4]+n[4]*r,t[5]=a[5]+n[5]*r,t[6]=a[6]+n[6]*r,t[7]=a[7]+n[7]*r,t[8]=a[8]+n[8]*r,t[9]=a[9]+n[9]*r,t[10]=a[10]+n[10]*r,t[11]=a[11]+n[11]*r,t[12]=a[12]+n[12]*r,t[13]=a[13]+n[13]*r,t[14]=a[14]+n[14]*r,t[15]=a[15]+n[15]*r,t},exactEquals:function(t,a){return t[0]===a[0]&&t[1]===a[1]&&t[2]===aM
[2]&&t[3]===a[3]&&t[4]===a[4]&&t[5]===a[5]&&t[6]===a[6]&&t[7]===a[7]&&t[8]===a[8]&&t[9]===a[9]&&t[10]===a[10]&&t[11]===a[11]&&t[12]===a[12]&&t[13]===a[13]&&t[14]===a[14]&&t[15]===a[15]},equals:function(t,a){var n=t[0],r=t[1],e=t[2],o=t[3],u=t[4],h=t[5],i=t[6],M=t[7],s=t[8],c=t[9],f=t[10],l=t[11],v=t[12],b=t[13],m=t[14],p=t[15],d=a[0],y=a[1],x=a[2],g=a[3],q=a[4],_=a[5],A=a[6],R=a[7],O=a[8],w=a[9],T=a[10],P=a[11],D=a[12],z=a[13],E=a[14],I=a[15];return Math.abs(n-d)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(n),Math.abs(d))&&Math.abs(r-yM
)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(r),Math.abs(y))&&Math.abs(e-x)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(e),Math.abs(x))&&Math.abs(o-g)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(o),Math.abs(g))&&Math.abs(u-q)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(u),Math.abs(q))&&Math.abs(h-_)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(h),Math.abs(_))&&Math.abs(i-A)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(i),Math.abs(A))&&Math.abs(M-R)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(M),Math.abs(R))&&Math.abs(s-O)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(s),Math.abs(O))&&Math.abs(c-w)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(c),Math.abs(w))&&Math.abs(f-T)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(f),Math.aM
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text/html;charset=utf-8
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px; color:lightblue;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof moduM
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[15],t},rotate:function(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b,m,p,d,y,x,g,q,_,A,R,O,w,T=r[0],P=r[1],D=r[2],z=Math.hypot(T,P,D);return z<S?null:(T*=z=1/z,P*=z,D*=z,e=Math.sin(n),u=1-(o=Math.cos(n)),h=a[0],i=a[1],M=a[2],s=a[3],c=a[4],f=a[5],l=a[6],v=a[7],b=a[8],m=a[9],p=a[10],d=a[11],y=T*T*u+o,x=P*T*u+D*e,g=D*T*u-P*e,q=T*P*u-D*e,_=P*P*u+o,A=D*P*u+T*e,R=T*D*u+P*e,O=P*D*u-T*e,w=D*D*u+o,t[0]=h*y+c*x+b*g,t[1]=i*y+f*x+m*g,t[2]=M*y+l*x+p*g,t[3]=s*y+v*x+d*g,t[4]=h*q+c*_+b*A,t[5]=i*q+f*_+m*A,t[6]=M*q+l*_+p*A,t[7]=s*q+v*_+d*A,M
t[8]=h*R+c*O+b*w,t[9]=i*R+f*O+m*w,t[10]=M*R+l*O+p*w,t[11]=s*R+v*O+d*w,a!==t&&(t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t)},rotateX:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[4],u=a[5],h=a[6],i=a[7],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t[3]=a[3],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[4]=o*e+M*r,t[5]=u*e+s*r,t[6]=h*e+c*r,t[7]=i*e+f*r,t[8]=M*e-o*r,t[9]=s*e-u*r,t[10]=c*e-h*r,t[11]=f*e-i*r,t},rotateY:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0]M
,u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[4]=a[4],t[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[6],t[7]=a[7],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e-M*r,t[1]=u*e-s*r,t[2]=h*e-c*r,t[3]=i*e-f*r,t[8]=o*r+M*e,t[9]=u*r+s*e,t[10]=h*r+c*e,t[11]=i*r+f*e,t},rotateZ:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[4],s=a[5],c=a[6],f=a[7];return a!==t&&(t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e+M*r,t[1]=u*e+s*r,t[2]=h*e+M
c*r,t[3]=i*e+f*r,t[4]=M*e-o*r,t[5]=s*e-u*r,t[6]=c*e-h*r,t[7]=f*e-i*r,t},fromTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=a[0],t[13]=a[1],t[14]=a[2],t[15]=1,t},fromScaling:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=a[1],t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=a[2],t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotation:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u=n[0],h=n[1],i=n[2],M=Math.hypot(u,h,i);return M<S?null:(u*=M=1/M,h*=M,i*=M,r=M
Math.sin(a),o=1-(e=Math.cos(a)),t[0]=u*u*o+e,t[1]=h*u*o+i*r,t[2]=i*u*o-h*r,t[3]=0,t[4]=u*h*o-i*r,t[5]=h*h*o+e,t[6]=i*h*o+u*r,t[7]=0,t[8]=u*i*o+h*r,t[9]=h*i*o-u*r,t[10]=i*i*o+e,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t)},fromXRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=r,t[6]=n,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=-n,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromYRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=0,t[2]=-n,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,tM
[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=n,t[9]=0,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromZRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=n,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=-n,t[5]=r,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslation:f,fromQuat2:function(t,a){var n=new p(3),r=-a[0],e=-a[1],o=-a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=r*r+e*e+o*o+u*u;return 0<c?(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*o-M*e)/c,n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o)/c,n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)/c):(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+M
i*o-M*e),n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o),n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)),f(t,a,n),t},getTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[12],t[1]=a[13],t[2]=a[14],t},getScaling:d,getRotation:function(t,a){var n=new p(3);d(n,a);var r=1/n[0],e=1/n[1],o=1/n[2],u=a[0]*r,h=a[1]*e,i=a[2]*o,M=a[4]*r,s=a[5]*e,c=a[6]*o,f=a[8]*r,l=a[9]*e,v=a[10]*o,b=u+s+v,m=0;return 0<b?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+b),t[3]=.25*m,t[0]=(c-l)/m,t[1]=(f-i)/m,t[2]=(h-M)/m):s<u&&v<u?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+u-s-v),t[3]=(c-l)/m,t[0]=.25*m,t[1]=(h+M)/m,t[2]=(f+i)/m):v<s?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+s-uM
-v),t[3]=(f-i)/m,t[0]=(h+M)/m,t[1]=.25*m,t[2]=(c+l)/m):(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+v-u-s),t[3]=(h-M)/m,t[0]=(f+i)/m,t[1]=(c+l)/m,t[2]=.25*m),t},decompose:function(t,a,n,r){a[0]=r[12],a[1]=r[13],a[2]=r[14];var e=r[0],o=r[1],u=r[2],h=r[4],i=r[5],M=r[6],s=r[8],c=r[9],f=r[10];n[0]=Math.hypot(e,o,u),n[1]=Math.hypot(h,i,M),n[2]=Math.hypot(s,c,f);var l=1/n[0],v=1/n[1],b=1/n[2],m=e*l,p=o*v,d=u*b,y=h*l,x=i*v,g=M*b,q=s*l,_=c*v,A=f*b,R=m+x+A,O=0;return 0<R?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+R),t[3]=.25*O,t[0]=(g-_)/O,t[1]=(q-d)/O,t[2]=(p-y)/O):x<m&&A<m?(M
O=2*Math.sqrt(1+m-x-A),t[3]=(g-_)/O,t[0]=.25*O,t[1]=(p+y)/O,t[2]=(q+d)/O):A<x?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+x-m-A),t[3]=(q-d)/O,t[0]=(p+y)/O,t[1]=.25*O,t[2]=(g+_)/O):(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+A-m-x),t[3]=(p-y)/O,t[0]=(q+d)/O,t[1]=(g+_)/O,t[2]=.25*O),t},fromRotationTranslationScale:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2],h=a[3],i=e+e,M=o+o,s=u+u,c=e*i,f=e*M,l=e*s,v=o*M,b=o*s,m=u*s,p=h*i,d=h*M,y=h*s,x=r[0],g=r[1],q=r[2];return t[0]=(1-(v+m))*x,t[1]=(f+y)*x,t[2]=(l-d)*x,t[3]=0,t[4]=(f-y)*g,t[5]=(1-(c+m))*g,t[6]=(b+p)*g,t[7]=0,t[8]=(l+d)M
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R-(T*A+z*R+S*O),t[14]=n[2]+O-(P*A+E*R+j*O),t[15]=1,t},fromQuat:function(t,a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=n+n,h=r+r,i=e+e,M=n*u,s=r*u,c=r*h,f=e*u,l=e*h,v=e*i,b=o*u,m=o*h,p=o*i;return t[0]=1-c-v,t[1]=s+p,t[2]=f-m,t[3]=0,t[4]=s-p,t[5]=1-M-v,t[6]=l+b,t[7]=0,t[8]=f+m,t[9]=l-b,t[10]=1-M-c,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},frustum:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(n-a),i=1/(e-r),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=2*o*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=2*o*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=(n+a)*h,t[9]=(e+r)*i,t[10]=(u+o)*M,t[11]=-1,tM
[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=u*o*2*M,t[15]=0,t},perspectiveNO:e,perspective:u,perspectiveZO:function(t,a,n,r,e){var o=1/Math.tan(a/2);if(t[0]=o/n,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=o,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[15]=0,null!=e&&e!==1/0){var u=1/(r-e);t[10]=e*u,t[14]=e*r*u}else t[10]=-1,t[14]=-r;return t},perspectiveFromFieldOfView:function(t,a,n,r){var e=Math.tan(a.upDegrees*Math.PI/180),o=Math.tan(a.downDegrees*Math.PI/180),u=Math.tan(a.leftDegrees*Math.PI/180),h=Math.tan(a.rightDegrees*Math.PI/180)M
,i=2/(u+h),M=2/(e+o);return t[0]=i,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=M,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=-(u-h)*i*.5,t[9]=(e-o)*M*.5,t[10]=r/(n-r),t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=r*n/(n-r),t[15]=0,t},orthoNO:h,ortho:i,orthoZO:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(a-n),i=1/(r-e),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=-2*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=-2*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=M,t[11]=0,t[12]=(a+n)*h,t[13]=(e+r)*i,t[14]=o*M,t[15]=1,t},lookAt:function(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v=a[0],b=a[1],m=a[2],p=r[0],d=r[1],y=r[2],x=n[0],g=n[1],M
q=n[2];return Math.abs(v-x)<S&&Math.abs(b-g)<S&&Math.abs(m-q)<S?_(t):(s=v-x,c=b-g,f=m-q,e=d*(f*=l=1/Math.hypot(s,c,f))-y*(c*=l),o=y*(s*=l)-p*f,u=p*c-d*s,(l=Math.hypot(e,o,u))?(e*=l=1/l,o*=l,u*=l):u=o=e=0,h=c*u-f*o,i=f*e-s*u,M=s*o-c*e,(l=Math.hypot(h,i,M))?(h*=l=1/l,i*=l,M*=l):M=i=h=0,t[0]=e,t[1]=h,t[2]=s,t[3]=0,t[4]=o,t[5]=i,t[6]=c,t[7]=0,t[8]=u,t[9]=M,t[10]=f,t[11]=0,t[12]=-(e*v+o*b+u*m),t[13]=-(h*v+i*b+M*m),t[14]=-(s*v+c*b+f*m),t[15]=1,t)},targetTo:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2],h=r[0],i=r[1],M=r[2],sM
=e-n[0],c=o-n[1],f=u-n[2],l=s*s+c*c+f*f;0<l&&(s*=l=1/Math.sqrt(l),c*=l,f*=l);var v=i*f-M*c,b=M*s-h*f,m=h*c-i*s;return 0<(l=v*v+b*b+m*m)&&(v*=l=1/Math.sqrt(l),b*=l,m*=l),t[0]=v,t[1]=b,t[2]=m,t[3]=0,t[4]=c*m-f*b,t[5]=f*v-s*m,t[6]=s*b-c*v,t[7]=0,t[8]=s,t[9]=c,t[10]=f,t[11]=0,t[12]=e,t[13]=o,t[14]=u,t[15]=1,t},str:function(t){return"mat4("+t[0]+", "+t[1]+", "+t[2]+", "+t[3]+", "+t[4]+", "+t[5]+", "+t[6]+", "+t[7]+", "+t[8]+", "+t[9]+", "+t[10]+", "+t[11]+", "+t[12]+", "+t[13]+", "+t[14]+", "+t[15]+")"},frob:function(t)M
{return Math.hypot(t[0],t[1],t[2],t[3],t[4],t[5],t[6],t[7],t[8],t[9],t[10],t[11],t[12],t[13],t[14],t[15])},add:function(t,a,n){return t[0]=a[0]+n[0],t[1]=a[1]+n[1],t[2]=a[2]+n[2],t[3]=a[3]+n[3],t[4]=a[4]+n[4],t[5]=a[5]+n[5],t[6]=a[6]+n[6],t[7]=a[7]+n[7],t[8]=a[8]+n[8],t[9]=a[9]+n[9],t[10]=a[10]+n[10],t[11]=a[11]+n[11],t[12]=a[12]+n[12],t[13]=a[13]+n[13],t[14]=a[14]+n[14],t[15]=a[15]+n[15],t},subtract:M,multiplyScalar:function(t,a,n){return t[0]=a[0]*n,t[1]=a[1]*n,t[2]=a[2]*n,t[3]=a[3]*n,t[4]=a[4]*n,t[5]=a[5]*n,t[6]M
=a[6]*n,t[7]=a[7]*n,t[8]=a[8]*n,t[9]=a[9]*n,t[10]=a[10]*n,t[11]=a[11]*n,t[12]=a[12]*n,t[13]=a[13]*n,t[14]=a[14]*n,t[15]=a[15]*n,t},multiplyScalarAndAdd:function(t,a,n,r){return t[0]=a[0]+n[0]*r,t[1]=a[1]+n[1]*r,t[2]=a[2]+n[2]*r,t[3]=a[3]+n[3]*r,t[4]=a[4]+n[4]*r,t[5]=a[5]+n[5]*r,t[6]=a[6]+n[6]*r,t[7]=a[7]+n[7]*r,t[8]=a[8]+n[8]*r,t[9]=a[9]+n[9]*r,t[10]=a[10]+n[10]*r,t[11]=a[11]+n[11]*r,t[12]=a[12]+n[12]*r,t[13]=a[13]+n[13]*r,t[14]=a[14]+n[14]*r,t[15]=a[15]+n[15]*r,t},exactEquals:function(t,a){return t[0]===a[0]&&t[1]M
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px; font-weight: 700;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof modM
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*g-c*y+f*d,t},determinant:function(t){var a=t[0],n=t[1],r=t[2],e=t[3],o=t[4],u=t[5],h=t[6],i=t[7],M=t[8],s=t[9],c=t[10],f=t[11],l=t[12],v=t[13],b=t[14],m=a*u-n*o,p=a*h-r*o,d=n*h-r*u,y=M*v-s*l,x=M*b-c*l,g=s*b-c*v;return i*(a*g-n*x+r*y)-e*(o*g-u*x+h*y)+t[15]*(M*d-s*p+c*m)-f*(l*d-v*p+b*m)},multiply:r,translate:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b=n[0],m=n[1],p=n[2];return a===t?(t[12]=a[0]*b+a[4]*m+a[8]*p+a[12],t[13]=a[1]*b+a[5]*m+a[9]*p+a[13],t[14]=a[2]*b+a[6]*m+a[10]*p+a[14],t[15]=a[3]*b+a[7]*m+a[11]*p+a[15M
]):(r=a[0],e=a[1],o=a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=a[8],f=a[9],l=a[10],v=a[11],t[0]=r,t[1]=e,t[2]=o,t[3]=u,t[4]=h,t[5]=i,t[6]=M,t[7]=s,t[8]=c,t[9]=f,t[10]=l,t[11]=v,t[12]=r*b+h*m+c*p+a[12],t[13]=e*b+i*m+f*p+a[13],t[14]=o*b+M*m+l*p+a[14],t[15]=u*b+s*m+v*p+a[15]),t},scale:function(t,a,n){var r=n[0],e=n[1],o=n[2];return t[0]=a[0]*r,t[1]=a[1]*r,t[2]=a[2]*r,t[3]=a[3]*r,t[4]=a[4]*e,t[5]=a[5]*e,t[6]=a[6]*e,t[7]=a[7]*e,t[8]=a[8]*o,t[9]=a[9]*o,t[10]=a[10]*o,t[11]=a[11]*o,t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=M
a[15],t},rotate:function(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b,m,p,d,y,x,g,q,_,A,R,O,w,T=r[0],P=r[1],D=r[2],z=Math.hypot(T,P,D);return z<S?null:(T*=z=1/z,P*=z,D*=z,e=Math.sin(n),u=1-(o=Math.cos(n)),h=a[0],i=a[1],M=a[2],s=a[3],c=a[4],f=a[5],l=a[6],v=a[7],b=a[8],m=a[9],p=a[10],d=a[11],y=T*T*u+o,x=P*T*u+D*e,g=D*T*u-P*e,q=T*P*u-D*e,_=P*P*u+o,A=D*P*u+T*e,R=T*D*u+P*e,O=P*D*u-T*e,w=D*D*u+o,t[0]=h*y+c*x+b*g,t[1]=i*y+f*x+m*g,t[2]=M*y+l*x+p*g,t[3]=s*y+v*x+d*g,t[4]=h*q+c*_+b*A,t[5]=i*q+f*_+m*A,t[6]=M*q+l*_+p*A,t[7]=s*q+v*_+d*AM
,t[8]=h*R+c*O+b*w,t[9]=i*R+f*O+m*w,t[10]=M*R+l*O+p*w,t[11]=s*R+v*O+d*w,a!==t&&(t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t)},rotateX:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[4],u=a[5],h=a[6],i=a[7],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t[3]=a[3],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[4]=o*e+M*r,t[5]=u*e+s*r,t[6]=h*e+c*r,t[7]=i*e+f*r,t[8]=M*e-o*r,t[9]=s*e-u*r,t[10]=c*e-h*r,t[11]=f*e-i*r,t},rotateY:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0M
],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[4]=a[4],t[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[6],t[7]=a[7],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e-M*r,t[1]=u*e-s*r,t[2]=h*e-c*r,t[3]=i*e-f*r,t[8]=o*r+M*e,t[9]=u*r+s*e,t[10]=h*r+c*e,t[11]=i*r+f*e,t},rotateZ:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[4],s=a[5],c=a[6],f=a[7];return a!==t&&(t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e+M*r,t[1]=u*e+s*r,t[2]=h*eM
+c*r,t[3]=i*e+f*r,t[4]=M*e-o*r,t[5]=s*e-u*r,t[6]=c*e-h*r,t[7]=f*e-i*r,t},fromTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=a[0],t[13]=a[1],t[14]=a[2],t[15]=1,t},fromScaling:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=a[1],t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=a[2],t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotation:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u=n[0],h=n[1],i=n[2],M=Math.hypot(u,h,i);return M<S?null:(u*=M=1/M,h*=M,i*=M,rM
=Math.sin(a),o=1-(e=Math.cos(a)),t[0]=u*u*o+e,t[1]=h*u*o+i*r,t[2]=i*u*o-h*r,t[3]=0,t[4]=u*h*o-i*r,t[5]=h*h*o+e,t[6]=i*h*o+u*r,t[7]=0,t[8]=u*i*o+h*r,t[9]=h*i*o-u*r,t[10]=i*i*o+e,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t)},fromXRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=r,t[6]=n,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=-n,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromYRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=0,t[2]=-n,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,M
t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=n,t[9]=0,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromZRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=n,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=-n,t[5]=r,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslation:f,fromQuat2:function(t,a){var n=new p(3),r=-a[0],e=-a[1],o=-a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=r*r+e*e+o*o+u*u;return 0<c?(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*o-M*e)/c,n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o)/c,n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)/c):(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*rM
+i*o-M*e),n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o),n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)),f(t,a,n),t},getTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[12],t[1]=a[13],t[2]=a[14],t},getScaling:d,getRotation:function(t,a){var n=new p(3);d(n,a);var r=1/n[0],e=1/n[1],o=1/n[2],u=a[0]*r,h=a[1]*e,i=a[2]*o,M=a[4]*r,s=a[5]*e,c=a[6]*o,f=a[8]*r,l=a[9]*e,v=a[10]*o,b=u+s+v,m=0;return 0<b?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+b),t[3]=.25*m,t[0]=(c-l)/m,t[1]=(f-i)/m,t[2]=(h-M)/m):s<u&&v<u?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+u-s-v),t[3]=(c-l)/m,t[0]=.25*m,t[1]=(h+M)/m,t[2]=(f+i)/m):v<s?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+s-M
u-v),t[3]=(f-i)/m,t[0]=(h+M)/m,t[1]=.25*m,t[2]=(c+l)/m):(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+v-u-s),t[3]=(h-M)/m,t[0]=(f+i)/m,t[1]=(c+l)/m,t[2]=.25*m),t},decompose:function(t,a,n,r){a[0]=r[12],a[1]=r[13],a[2]=r[14];var e=r[0],o=r[1],u=r[2],h=r[4],i=r[5],M=r[6],s=r[8],c=r[9],f=r[10];n[0]=Math.hypot(e,o,u),n[1]=Math.hypot(h,i,M),n[2]=Math.hypot(s,c,f);var l=1/n[0],v=1/n[1],b=1/n[2],m=e*l,p=o*v,d=u*b,y=h*l,x=i*v,g=M*b,q=s*l,_=c*v,A=f*b,R=m+x+A,O=0;return 0<R?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+R),t[3]=.25*O,t[0]=(g-_)/O,t[1]=(q-d)/O,t[2]=(p-y)/O):x<m&&A<m?M
(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+m-x-A),t[3]=(g-_)/O,t[0]=.25*O,t[1]=(p+y)/O,t[2]=(q+d)/O):A<x?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+x-m-A),t[3]=(q-d)/O,t[0]=(p+y)/O,t[1]=.25*O,t[2]=(g+_)/O):(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+A-m-x),t[3]=(p-y)/O,t[0]=(q+d)/O,t[1]=(g+_)/O,t[2]=.25*O),t},fromRotationTranslationScale:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2],h=a[3],i=e+e,M=o+o,s=u+u,c=e*i,f=e*M,l=e*s,v=o*M,b=o*s,m=u*s,p=h*i,d=h*M,y=h*s,x=r[0],g=r[1],q=r[2];return t[0]=(1-(v+m))*x,t[1]=(f+y)*x,t[2]=(l-d)*x,t[3]=0,t[4]=(f-y)*g,t[5]=(1-(c+m))*g,t[6]=(b+p)*g,t[7]=0,t[8]=(l+dM
)*q,t[9]=(b-p)*q,t[10]=(1-(c+v))*q,t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0],t[13]=n[1],t[14]=n[2],t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslationScaleOrigin:function(t,a,n,r,e){var o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=o+o,s=u+u,c=h+h,f=o*M,l=o*s,v=o*c,b=u*s,m=u*c,p=h*c,d=i*M,y=i*s,x=i*c,g=r[0],q=r[1],_=r[2],A=e[0],R=e[1],O=e[2],w=(1-(b+p))*g,T=(l+x)*g,P=(v-y)*g,D=(l-x)*q,z=(1-(f+p))*q,E=(m+d)*q,I=(v+y)*_,S=(m-d)*_,j=(1-(f+b))*_;return t[0]=w,t[1]=T,t[2]=P,t[3]=0,t[4]=D,t[5]=z,t[6]=E,t[7]=0,t[8]=I,t[9]=S,t[10]=j,t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0]+A-(w*A+D*R+I*O),t[13]=n[1]M
+R-(T*A+z*R+S*O),t[14]=n[2]+O-(P*A+E*R+j*O),t[15]=1,t},fromQuat:function(t,a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=n+n,h=r+r,i=e+e,M=n*u,s=r*u,c=r*h,f=e*u,l=e*h,v=e*i,b=o*u,m=o*h,p=o*i;return t[0]=1-c-v,t[1]=s+p,t[2]=f-m,t[3]=0,t[4]=s-p,t[5]=1-M-v,t[6]=l+b,t[7]=0,t[8]=f+m,t[9]=l-b,t[10]=1-M-c,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},frustum:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(n-a),i=1/(e-r),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=2*o*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=2*o*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=(n+a)*h,t[9]=(e+r)*i,t[10]=(u+o)*M,t[11]=-1,M
t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=u*o*2*M,t[15]=0,t},perspectiveNO:e,perspective:u,perspectiveZO:function(t,a,n,r,e){var o=1/Math.tan(a/2);if(t[0]=o/n,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=o,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[15]=0,null!=e&&e!==1/0){var u=1/(r-e);t[10]=e*u,t[14]=e*r*u}else t[10]=-1,t[14]=-r;return t},perspectiveFromFieldOfView:function(t,a,n,r){var e=Math.tan(a.upDegrees*Math.PI/180),o=Math.tan(a.downDegrees*Math.PI/180),u=Math.tan(a.leftDegrees*Math.PI/180),h=Math.tan(a.rightDegrees*Math.PI/180M
),i=2/(u+h),M=2/(e+o);return t[0]=i,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=M,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=-(u-h)*i*.5,t[9]=(e-o)*M*.5,t[10]=r/(n-r),t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=r*n/(n-r),t[15]=0,t},orthoNO:h,ortho:i,orthoZO:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(a-n),i=1/(r-e),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=-2*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=-2*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=M,t[11]=0,t[12]=(a+n)*h,t[13]=(e+r)*i,t[14]=o*M,t[15]=1,t},lookAt:function(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v=a[0],b=a[1],m=a[2],p=r[0],d=r[1],y=r[2],x=n[0],g=n[1]M
,q=n[2];return Math.abs(v-x)<S&&Math.abs(b-g)<S&&Math.abs(m-q)<S?_(t):(s=v-x,c=b-g,f=m-q,e=d*(f*=l=1/Math.hypot(s,c,f))-y*(c*=l),o=y*(s*=l)-p*f,u=p*c-d*s,(l=Math.hypot(e,o,u))?(e*=l=1/l,o*=l,u*=l):u=o=e=0,h=c*u-f*o,i=f*e-s*u,M=s*o-c*e,(l=Math.hypot(h,i,M))?(h*=l=1/l,i*=l,M*=l):M=i=h=0,t[0]=e,t[1]=h,t[2]=s,t[3]=0,t[4]=o,t[5]=i,t[6]=c,t[7]=0,t[8]=u,t[9]=M,t[10]=f,t[11]=0,t[12]=-(e*v+o*b+u*m),t[13]=-(h*v+i*b+M*m),t[14]=-(s*v+c*b+f*m),t[15]=1,t)},targetTo:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2],h=r[0],i=r[1],M=r[2],M
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px; color:bisque;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?M
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-e*u,x=n*M-o*u,g=r*i-e*h,q=r*M-o*h,_=e*M-o*i,A=s*b-c*v,R=s*m-f*v,O=s*p-l*v,w=c*m-f*b,T=c*p-l*b,P=f*p-l*m,D=d*P-y*T+x*w+g*O-q*R+_*A;return D?(D=1/D,t[0]=(h*P-i*T+M*w)*D,t[1]=(e*T-r*P-o*w)*D,t[2]=(b*_-m*q+p*g)*D,t[3]=(f*q-c*_-l*g)*D,t[4]=(i*O-u*P-M*R)*D,t[5]=(n*P-e*O+o*R)*D,t[6]=(m*x-v*_-p*y)*D,t[7]=(s*_-f*x+l*y)*D,t[8]=(u*T-h*O+M*A)*D,t[9]=(r*O-n*T-o*A)*D,t[10]=(v*q-b*x+p*d)*D,t[11]=(c*x-s*q-l*d)*D,t[12]=(h*R-u*w-i*A)*D,t[13]=(n*w-r*R+e*A)*D,t[14]=(b*y-v*g-m*d)*D,t[15]=(s*g-c*y+f*d)*D,t):null},adjoint:function(t,a){M
var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=a[4],h=a[5],i=a[6],M=a[7],s=a[8],c=a[9],f=a[10],l=a[11],v=a[12],b=a[13],m=a[14],p=a[15],d=n*h-r*u,y=n*i-e*u,x=n*M-o*u,g=r*i-e*h,q=r*M-o*h,_=e*M-o*i,A=s*b-c*v,R=s*m-f*v,O=s*p-l*v,w=c*m-f*b,T=c*p-l*b,P=f*p-l*m;return t[0]=h*P-i*T+M*w,t[1]=e*T-r*P-o*w,t[2]=b*_-m*q+p*g,t[3]=f*q-c*_-l*g,t[4]=i*O-u*P-M*R,t[5]=n*P-e*O+o*R,t[6]=m*x-v*_-p*y,t[7]=s*_-f*x+l*y,t[8]=u*T-h*O+M*A,t[9]=r*O-n*T-o*A,t[10]=v*q-b*x+p*d,t[11]=c*x-s*q-l*d,t[12]=h*R-u*w-i*A,t[13]=n*w-r*R+e*A,t[14]=b*y-v*g-m*d,t[15]=s*g-cM
*y+f*d,t},determinant:function(t){var a=t[0],n=t[1],r=t[2],e=t[3],o=t[4],u=t[5],h=t[6],i=t[7],M=t[8],s=t[9],c=t[10],f=t[11],l=t[12],v=t[13],b=t[14],m=a*u-n*o,p=a*h-r*o,d=n*h-r*u,y=M*v-s*l,x=M*b-c*l,g=s*b-c*v;return i*(a*g-n*x+r*y)-e*(o*g-u*x+h*y)+t[15]*(M*d-s*p+c*m)-f*(l*d-v*p+b*m)},multiply:r,translate:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b=n[0],m=n[1],p=n[2];return a===t?(t[12]=a[0]*b+a[4]*m+a[8]*p+a[12],t[13]=a[1]*b+a[5]*m+a[9]*p+a[13],t[14]=a[2]*b+a[6]*m+a[10]*p+a[14],t[15]=a[3]*b+a[7]*m+a[11]*p+a[15]):(M
r=a[0],e=a[1],o=a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=a[8],f=a[9],l=a[10],v=a[11],t[0]=r,t[1]=e,t[2]=o,t[3]=u,t[4]=h,t[5]=i,t[6]=M,t[7]=s,t[8]=c,t[9]=f,t[10]=l,t[11]=v,t[12]=r*b+h*m+c*p+a[12],t[13]=e*b+i*m+f*p+a[13],t[14]=o*b+M*m+l*p+a[14],t[15]=u*b+s*m+v*p+a[15]),t},scale:function(t,a,n){var r=n[0],e=n[1],o=n[2];return t[0]=a[0]*r,t[1]=a[1]*r,t[2]=a[2]*r,t[3]=a[3]*r,t[4]=a[4]*e,t[5]=a[5]*e,t[6]=a[6]*e,t[7]=a[7]*e,t[8]=a[8]*o,t[9]=a[9]*o,t[10]=a[10]*o,t[11]=a[11]*o,t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15M
],t},rotate:function(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b,m,p,d,y,x,g,q,_,A,R,O,w,T=r[0],P=r[1],D=r[2],z=Math.hypot(T,P,D);return z<S?null:(T*=z=1/z,P*=z,D*=z,e=Math.sin(n),u=1-(o=Math.cos(n)),h=a[0],i=a[1],M=a[2],s=a[3],c=a[4],f=a[5],l=a[6],v=a[7],b=a[8],m=a[9],p=a[10],d=a[11],y=T*T*u+o,x=P*T*u+D*e,g=D*T*u-P*e,q=T*P*u-D*e,_=P*P*u+o,A=D*P*u+T*e,R=T*D*u+P*e,O=P*D*u-T*e,w=D*D*u+o,t[0]=h*y+c*x+b*g,t[1]=i*y+f*x+m*g,t[2]=M*y+l*x+p*g,t[3]=s*y+v*x+d*g,t[4]=h*q+c*_+b*A,t[5]=i*q+f*_+m*A,t[6]=M*q+l*_+p*A,t[7]=s*q+v*_+d*A,t[8M
]=h*R+c*O+b*w,t[9]=i*R+f*O+m*w,t[10]=M*R+l*O+p*w,t[11]=s*R+v*O+d*w,a!==t&&(t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t)},rotateX:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[4],u=a[5],h=a[6],i=a[7],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t[3]=a[3],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[4]=o*e+M*r,t[5]=u*e+s*r,t[6]=h*e+c*r,t[7]=i*e+f*r,t[8]=M*e-o*r,t[9]=s*e-u*r,t[10]=c*e-h*r,t[11]=f*e-i*r,t},rotateY:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=M
a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[4]=a[4],t[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[6],t[7]=a[7],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e-M*r,t[1]=u*e-s*r,t[2]=h*e-c*r,t[3]=i*e-f*r,t[8]=o*r+M*e,t[9]=u*r+s*e,t[10]=h*r+c*e,t[11]=i*r+f*e,t},rotateZ:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[4],s=a[5],c=a[6],f=a[7];return a!==t&&(t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e+M*r,t[1]=u*e+s*r,t[2]=h*e+c*rM
,t[3]=i*e+f*r,t[4]=M*e-o*r,t[5]=s*e-u*r,t[6]=c*e-h*r,t[7]=f*e-i*r,t},fromTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=a[0],t[13]=a[1],t[14]=a[2],t[15]=1,t},fromScaling:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=a[1],t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=a[2],t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotation:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u=n[0],h=n[1],i=n[2],M=Math.hypot(u,h,i);return M<S?null:(u*=M=1/M,h*=M,i*=M,r=MatM
h.sin(a),o=1-(e=Math.cos(a)),t[0]=u*u*o+e,t[1]=h*u*o+i*r,t[2]=i*u*o-h*r,t[3]=0,t[4]=u*h*o-i*r,t[5]=h*h*o+e,t[6]=i*h*o+u*r,t[7]=0,t[8]=u*i*o+h*r,t[9]=h*i*o-u*r,t[10]=i*i*o+e,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t)},fromXRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=r,t[6]=n,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=-n,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromYRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=0,t[2]=-n,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]M
=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=n,t[9]=0,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromZRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=n,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=-n,t[5]=r,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslation:f,fromQuat2:function(t,a){var n=new p(3),r=-a[0],e=-a[1],o=-a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=r*r+e*e+o*o+u*u;return 0<c?(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*o-M*e)/c,n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o)/c,n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)/c):(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*oM
-M*e),n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o),n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)),f(t,a,n),t},getTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[12],t[1]=a[13],t[2]=a[14],t},getScaling:d,getRotation:function(t,a){var n=new p(3);d(n,a);var r=1/n[0],e=1/n[1],o=1/n[2],u=a[0]*r,h=a[1]*e,i=a[2]*o,M=a[4]*r,s=a[5]*e,c=a[6]*o,f=a[8]*r,l=a[9]*e,v=a[10]*o,b=u+s+v,m=0;return 0<b?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+b),t[3]=.25*m,t[0]=(c-l)/m,t[1]=(f-i)/m,t[2]=(h-M)/m):s<u&&v<u?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+u-s-v),t[3]=(c-l)/m,t[0]=.25*m,t[1]=(h+M)/m,t[2]=(f+i)/m):v<s?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+s-u-v)M
,t[3]=(f-i)/m,t[0]=(h+M)/m,t[1]=.25*m,t[2]=(c+l)/m):(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+v-u-s),t[3]=(h-M)/m,t[0]=(f+i)/m,t[1]=(c+l)/m,t[2]=.25*m),t},decompose:function(t,a,n,r){a[0]=r[12],a[1]=r[13],a[2]=r[14];var e=r[0],o=r[1],u=r[2],h=r[4],i=r[5],M=r[6],s=r[8],c=r[9],f=r[10];n[0]=Math.hypot(e,o,u),n[1]=Math.hypot(h,i,M),n[2]=Math.hypot(s,c,f);var l=1/n[0],v=1/n[1],b=1/n[2],m=e*l,p=o*v,d=u*b,y=h*l,x=i*v,g=M*b,q=s*l,_=c*v,A=f*b,R=m+x+A,O=0;return 0<R?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+R),t[3]=.25*O,t[0]=(g-_)/O,t[1]=(q-d)/O,t[2]=(p-y)/O):x<m&&A<m?(O=2M
*Math.sqrt(1+m-x-A),t[3]=(g-_)/O,t[0]=.25*O,t[1]=(p+y)/O,t[2]=(q+d)/O):A<x?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+x-m-A),t[3]=(q-d)/O,t[0]=(p+y)/O,t[1]=.25*O,t[2]=(g+_)/O):(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+A-m-x),t[3]=(p-y)/O,t[0]=(q+d)/O,t[1]=(g+_)/O,t[2]=.25*O),t},fromRotationTranslationScale:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2],h=a[3],i=e+e,M=o+o,s=u+u,c=e*i,f=e*M,l=e*s,v=o*M,b=o*s,m=u*s,p=h*i,d=h*M,y=h*s,x=r[0],g=r[1],q=r[2];return t[0]=(1-(v+m))*x,t[1]=(f+y)*x,t[2]=(l-d)*x,t[3]=0,t[4]=(f-y)*g,t[5]=(1-(c+m))*g,t[6]=(b+p)*g,t[7]=0,t[8]=(l+d)*q,M
t[9]=(b-p)*q,t[10]=(1-(c+v))*q,t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0],t[13]=n[1],t[14]=n[2],t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslationScaleOrigin:function(t,a,n,r,e){var o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=o+o,s=u+u,c=h+h,f=o*M,l=o*s,v=o*c,b=u*s,m=u*c,p=h*c,d=i*M,y=i*s,x=i*c,g=r[0],q=r[1],_=r[2],A=e[0],R=e[1],O=e[2],w=(1-(b+p))*g,T=(l+x)*g,P=(v-y)*g,D=(l-x)*q,z=(1-(f+p))*q,E=(m+d)*q,I=(v+y)*_,S=(m-d)*_,j=(1-(f+b))*_;return t[0]=w,t[1]=T,t[2]=P,t[3]=0,t[4]=D,t[5]=z,t[6]=E,t[7]=0,t[8]=I,t[9]=S,t[10]=j,t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0]+A-(w*A+D*R+I*O),t[13]=n[1]+R-(M
T*A+z*R+S*O),t[14]=n[2]+O-(P*A+E*R+j*O),t[15]=1,t},fromQuat:function(t,a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=n+n,h=r+r,i=e+e,M=n*u,s=r*u,c=r*h,f=e*u,l=e*h,v=e*i,b=o*u,m=o*h,p=o*i;return t[0]=1-c-v,t[1]=s+p,t[2]=f-m,t[3]=0,t[4]=s-p,t[5]=1-M-v,t[6]=l+b,t[7]=0,t[8]=f+m,t[9]=l-b,t[10]=1-M-c,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},frustum:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(n-a),i=1/(e-r),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=2*o*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=2*o*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=(n+a)*h,t[9]=(e+r)*i,t[10]=(u+o)*M,t[11]=-1,t[12M
]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=u*o*2*M,t[15]=0,t},perspectiveNO:e,perspective:u,perspectiveZO:function(t,a,n,r,e){var o=1/Math.tan(a/2);if(t[0]=o/n,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=o,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[15]=0,null!=e&&e!==1/0){var u=1/(r-e);t[10]=e*u,t[14]=e*r*u}else t[10]=-1,t[14]=-r;return t},perspectiveFromFieldOfView:function(t,a,n,r){var e=Math.tan(a.upDegrees*Math.PI/180),o=Math.tan(a.downDegrees*Math.PI/180),u=Math.tan(a.leftDegrees*Math.PI/180),h=Math.tan(a.rightDegrees*Math.PI/180),i=M
2/(u+h),M=2/(e+o);return t[0]=i,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=M,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=-(u-h)*i*.5,t[9]=(e-o)*M*.5,t[10]=r/(n-r),t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=r*n/(n-r),t[15]=0,t},orthoNO:h,ortho:i,orthoZO:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(a-n),i=1/(r-e),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=-2*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=-2*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=M,t[11]=0,t[12]=(a+n)*h,t[13]=(e+r)*i,t[14]=o*M,t[15]=1,t},lookAt:function(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v=a[0],b=a[1],m=a[2],p=r[0],d=r[1],y=r[2],x=n[0],g=n[1],q=nM
[2];return Math.abs(v-x)<S&&Math.abs(b-g)<S&&Math.abs(m-q)<S?_(t):(s=v-x,c=b-g,f=m-q,e=d*(f*=l=1/Math.hypot(s,c,f))-y*(c*=l),o=y*(s*=l)-p*f,u=p*c-d*s,(l=Math.hypot(e,o,u))?(e*=l=1/l,o*=l,u*=l):u=o=e=0,h=c*u-f*o,i=f*e-s*u,M=s*o-c*e,(l=Math.hypot(h,i,M))?(h*=l=1/l,i*=l,M*=l):M=i=h=0,t[0]=e,t[1]=h,t[2]=s,t[3]=0,t[4]=o,t[5]=i,t[6]=c,t[7]=0,t[8]=u,t[9]=M,t[10]=f,t[11]=0,t[12]=-(e*v+o*b+u*m),t[13]=-(h*v+i*b+M*m),t[14]=-(s*v+c*b+f*m),t[15]=1,t)},targetTo:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2],h=r[0],i=r[1],M=r[2],s=e-M
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?a(exports):"fuM
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],t[7]=a[7],t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15],t},fromValues:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b){var m=new p(16);return m[0]=t,m[1]=a,m[2]=n,m[3]=r,m[4]=e,m[5]=o,m[6]=u,m[7]=h,m[8]=i,m[9]=M,m[10]=s,m[11]=c,m[12]=f,m[13]=l,m[14]=v,m[15]=b,m},set:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b,m){return t[0]=a,t[1]=n,t[2]=r,t[3]=e,t[4]=o,t[5]=u,t[6]=h,t[7]=i,t[8]=M,t[9]=s,t[10]=c,t[11]=f,t[12]=l,t[13]=v,t[14]=b,t[15]=m,t},identity:_,transpose:function(t,a){if(t=M
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,g=r*i-e*h,q=r*M-o*h,_=e*M-o*i,A=s*b-c*v,R=s*m-f*v,O=s*p-l*v,w=c*m-f*b,T=c*p-l*b,P=f*p-l*m,D=d*P-y*T+x*w+g*O-q*R+_*A;return D?(D=1/D,t[0]=(h*P-i*T+M*w)*D,t[1]=(e*T-r*P-o*w)*D,t[2]=(b*_-m*q+p*g)*D,t[3]=(f*q-c*_-l*g)*D,t[4]=(i*O-u*P-M*R)*D,t[5]=(n*P-e*O+o*R)*D,t[6]=(m*x-v*_-p*y)*D,t[7]=(s*_-f*x+l*y)*D,t[8]=(u*T-h*O+M*A)*D,t[9]=(r*O-n*T-o*A)*D,t[10]=(v*q-b*x+p*d)*D,t[11]=(c*x-s*q-l*d)*D,t[12]=(h*R-u*w-i*A)*D,t[13]=(n*w-r*R+e*A)*D,t[14]=(b*y-v*g-m*d)*D,t[15]=(s*g-c*y+f*d)*D,t):null},adjoint:function(t,a){var n=a[0],r=aM
[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=a[4],h=a[5],i=a[6],M=a[7],s=a[8],c=a[9],f=a[10],l=a[11],v=a[12],b=a[13],m=a[14],p=a[15],d=n*h-r*u,y=n*i-e*u,x=n*M-o*u,g=r*i-e*h,q=r*M-o*h,_=e*M-o*i,A=s*b-c*v,R=s*m-f*v,O=s*p-l*v,w=c*m-f*b,T=c*p-l*b,P=f*p-l*m;return t[0]=h*P-i*T+M*w,t[1]=e*T-r*P-o*w,t[2]=b*_-m*q+p*g,t[3]=f*q-c*_-l*g,t[4]=i*O-u*P-M*R,t[5]=n*P-e*O+o*R,t[6]=m*x-v*_-p*y,t[7]=s*_-f*x+l*y,t[8]=u*T-h*O+M*A,t[9]=r*O-n*T-o*A,t[10]=v*q-b*x+p*d,t[11]=c*x-s*q-l*d,t[12]=h*R-u*w-i*A,t[13]=n*w-r*R+e*A,t[14]=b*y-v*g-m*d,t[15]=s*g-c*y+f*d,t},deteM
rminant:function(t){var a=t[0],n=t[1],r=t[2],e=t[3],o=t[4],u=t[5],h=t[6],i=t[7],M=t[8],s=t[9],c=t[10],f=t[11],l=t[12],v=t[13],b=t[14],m=a*u-n*o,p=a*h-r*o,d=n*h-r*u,y=M*v-s*l,x=M*b-c*l,g=s*b-c*v;return i*(a*g-n*x+r*y)-e*(o*g-u*x+h*y)+t[15]*(M*d-s*p+c*m)-f*(l*d-v*p+b*m)},multiply:r,translate:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b=n[0],m=n[1],p=n[2];return a===t?(t[12]=a[0]*b+a[4]*m+a[8]*p+a[12],t[13]=a[1]*b+a[5]*m+a[9]*p+a[13],t[14]=a[2]*b+a[6]*m+a[10]*p+a[14],t[15]=a[3]*b+a[7]*m+a[11]*p+a[15]):(r=a[0],e=a[1],M
o=a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=a[8],f=a[9],l=a[10],v=a[11],t[0]=r,t[1]=e,t[2]=o,t[3]=u,t[4]=h,t[5]=i,t[6]=M,t[7]=s,t[8]=c,t[9]=f,t[10]=l,t[11]=v,t[12]=r*b+h*m+c*p+a[12],t[13]=e*b+i*m+f*p+a[13],t[14]=o*b+M*m+l*p+a[14],t[15]=u*b+s*m+v*p+a[15]),t},scale:function(t,a,n){var r=n[0],e=n[1],o=n[2];return t[0]=a[0]*r,t[1]=a[1]*r,t[2]=a[2]*r,t[3]=a[3]*r,t[4]=a[4]*e,t[5]=a[5]*e,t[6]=a[6]*e,t[7]=a[7]*e,t[8]=a[8]*o,t[9]=a[9]*o,t[10]=a[10]*o,t[11]=a[11]*o,t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15],t},rotate:fuM
nction(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b,m,p,d,y,x,g,q,_,A,R,O,w,T=r[0],P=r[1],D=r[2],z=Math.hypot(T,P,D);return z<S?null:(T*=z=1/z,P*=z,D*=z,e=Math.sin(n),u=1-(o=Math.cos(n)),h=a[0],i=a[1],M=a[2],s=a[3],c=a[4],f=a[5],l=a[6],v=a[7],b=a[8],m=a[9],p=a[10],d=a[11],y=T*T*u+o,x=P*T*u+D*e,g=D*T*u-P*e,q=T*P*u-D*e,_=P*P*u+o,A=D*P*u+T*e,R=T*D*u+P*e,O=P*D*u-T*e,w=D*D*u+o,t[0]=h*y+c*x+b*g,t[1]=i*y+f*x+m*g,t[2]=M*y+l*x+p*g,t[3]=s*y+v*x+d*g,t[4]=h*q+c*_+b*A,t[5]=i*q+f*_+m*A,t[6]=M*q+l*_+p*A,t[7]=s*q+v*_+d*A,t[8]=h*R+c*O+b*w,M
t[9]=i*R+f*O+m*w,t[10]=M*R+l*O+p*w,t[11]=s*R+v*O+d*w,a!==t&&(t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t)},rotateX:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[4],u=a[5],h=a[6],i=a[7],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t[3]=a[3],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[4]=o*e+M*r,t[5]=u*e+s*r,t[6]=h*e+c*r,t[7]=i*e+f*r,t[8]=M*e-o*r,t[9]=s*e-u*r,t[10]=c*e-h*r,t[11]=f*e-i*r,t},rotateY:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=M
a[3],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[4]=a[4],t[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[6],t[7]=a[7],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e-M*r,t[1]=u*e-s*r,t[2]=h*e-c*r,t[3]=i*e-f*r,t[8]=o*r+M*e,t[9]=u*r+s*e,t[10]=h*r+c*e,t[11]=i*r+f*e,t},rotateZ:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[4],s=a[5],c=a[6],f=a[7];return a!==t&&(t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e+M*r,t[1]=u*e+s*r,t[2]=h*e+c*r,t[3]=i*e+f*r,M
t[4]=M*e-o*r,t[5]=s*e-u*r,t[6]=c*e-h*r,t[7]=f*e-i*r,t},fromTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=a[0],t[13]=a[1],t[14]=a[2],t[15]=1,t},fromScaling:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=a[1],t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=a[2],t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotation:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u=n[0],h=n[1],i=n[2],M=Math.hypot(u,h,i);return M<S?null:(u*=M=1/M,h*=M,i*=M,r=Math.sin(a),o=1-(M
e=Math.cos(a)),t[0]=u*u*o+e,t[1]=h*u*o+i*r,t[2]=i*u*o-h*r,t[3]=0,t[4]=u*h*o-i*r,t[5]=h*h*o+e,t[6]=i*h*o+u*r,t[7]=0,t[8]=u*i*o+h*r,t[9]=h*i*o-u*r,t[10]=i*i*o+e,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t)},fromXRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=r,t[6]=n,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=-n,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromYRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=0,t[2]=-n,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]M
=n,t[9]=0,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromZRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=n,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=-n,t[5]=r,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslation:f,fromQuat2:function(t,a){var n=new p(3),r=-a[0],e=-a[1],o=-a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=r*r+e*e+o*o+u*u;return 0<c?(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*o-M*e)/c,n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o)/c,n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)/c):(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*o-M*e),n[1]=2*(M
i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o),n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)),f(t,a,n),t},getTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[12],t[1]=a[13],t[2]=a[14],t},getScaling:d,getRotation:function(t,a){var n=new p(3);d(n,a);var r=1/n[0],e=1/n[1],o=1/n[2],u=a[0]*r,h=a[1]*e,i=a[2]*o,M=a[4]*r,s=a[5]*e,c=a[6]*o,f=a[8]*r,l=a[9]*e,v=a[10]*o,b=u+s+v,m=0;return 0<b?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+b),t[3]=.25*m,t[0]=(c-l)/m,t[1]=(f-i)/m,t[2]=(h-M)/m):s<u&&v<u?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+u-s-v),t[3]=(c-l)/m,t[0]=.25*m,t[1]=(h+M)/m,t[2]=(f+i)/m):v<s?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+s-u-v),t[3]=(f-i)/m,M
t[0]=(h+M)/m,t[1]=.25*m,t[2]=(c+l)/m):(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+v-u-s),t[3]=(h-M)/m,t[0]=(f+i)/m,t[1]=(c+l)/m,t[2]=.25*m),t},decompose:function(t,a,n,r){a[0]=r[12],a[1]=r[13],a[2]=r[14];var e=r[0],o=r[1],u=r[2],h=r[4],i=r[5],M=r[6],s=r[8],c=r[9],f=r[10];n[0]=Math.hypot(e,o,u),n[1]=Math.hypot(h,i,M),n[2]=Math.hypot(s,c,f);var l=1/n[0],v=1/n[1],b=1/n[2],m=e*l,p=o*v,d=u*b,y=h*l,x=i*v,g=M*b,q=s*l,_=c*v,A=f*b,R=m+x+A,O=0;return 0<R?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+R),t[3]=.25*O,t[0]=(g-_)/O,t[1]=(q-d)/O,t[2]=(p-y)/O):x<m&&A<m?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+mM
-x-A),t[3]=(g-_)/O,t[0]=.25*O,t[1]=(p+y)/O,t[2]=(q+d)/O):A<x?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+x-m-A),t[3]=(q-d)/O,t[0]=(p+y)/O,t[1]=.25*O,t[2]=(g+_)/O):(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+A-m-x),t[3]=(p-y)/O,t[0]=(q+d)/O,t[1]=(g+_)/O,t[2]=.25*O),t},fromRotationTranslationScale:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2],h=a[3],i=e+e,M=o+o,s=u+u,c=e*i,f=e*M,l=e*s,v=o*M,b=o*s,m=u*s,p=h*i,d=h*M,y=h*s,x=r[0],g=r[1],q=r[2];return t[0]=(1-(v+m))*x,t[1]=(f+y)*x,t[2]=(l-d)*x,t[3]=0,t[4]=(f-y)*g,t[5]=(1-(c+m))*g,t[6]=(b+p)*g,t[7]=0,t[8]=(l+d)*q,t[9]=(b-p)*q,tM
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px; font-weight: 700;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof modM
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*d,y=n[4],x=n[5],g=n[6],q=n[7],t[4]=y*r+x*h+g*c+q*b,t[5]=y*e+x*i+g*f+q*m,t[6]=y*o+x*M+g*l+q*p,t[7]=y*u+x*s+g*v+q*d,y=n[8],x=n[9],g=n[10],q=n[11],t[8]=y*r+x*h+g*c+q*b,t[9]=y*e+x*i+g*f+q*m,t[10]=y*o+x*M+g*l+q*p,t[11]=y*u+x*s+g*v+q*d,y=n[12],x=n[13],g=n[14],q=n[15],t[12]=y*r+x*h+g*c+q*b,t[13]=y*e+x*i+g*f+q*m,t[14]=y*o+x*M+g*l+q*p,t[15]=y*u+x*s+g*v+q*d,t}function f(t,a,n){var r=a[0],e=a[1],o=a[2],u=a[3],h=r+r,i=e+e,M=o+o,s=r*h,c=r*i,f=r*M,l=e*i,v=e*M,b=o*M,m=u*h,p=u*i,d=u*M;return t[0]=1-(l+b),t[1]=c+d,t[2]=f-p,t[3]=0,M
t[4]=c-d,t[5]=1-(s+b),t[6]=v+m,t[7]=0,t[8]=f+p,t[9]=v-m,t[10]=1-(s+l),t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0],t[13]=n[1],t[14]=n[2],t[15]=1,t}function d(t,a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[4],u=a[5],h=a[6],i=a[8],M=a[9],s=a[10];return t[0]=Math.hypot(n,r,e),t[1]=Math.hypot(o,u,h),t[2]=Math.hypot(i,M,s),t}function e(t,a,n,r,e){var o=1/Math.tan(a/2);if(t[0]=o/n,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=o,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[15]=0,null!=e&&e!==1/0){var u=1/(r-e);t[10]=(e+r)*u,t[14]=2*e*r*u}else t[10]=-1,t[14]=-2*r;M
return t}var u=e;function h(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(a-n),i=1/(r-e),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=-2*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=-2*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=2*M,t[11]=0,t[12]=(a+n)*h,t[13]=(e+r)*i,t[14]=(u+o)*M,t[15]=1,t}var i=h;function M(t,a,n){return t[0]=a[0]-n[0],t[1]=a[1]-n[1],t[2]=a[2]-n[2],t[3]=a[3]-n[3],t[4]=a[4]-n[4],t[5]=a[5]-n[5],t[6]=a[6]-n[6],t[7]=a[7]-n[7],t[8]=a[8]-n[8],t[9]=a[9]-n[9],t[10]=a[10]-n[10],t[11]=a[11]-n[11],t[12]=a[12]-n[12],t[13]=a[13]-n[13],t[14]=a[14]-n[14],t[15]=a[15]-n[15]M
,t}var s=r,c=M,l=Object.freeze({__proto__:null,create:function(){var t=new p(16);return p!=Float32Array&&(t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0),t[0]=1,t[5]=1,t[10]=1,t[15]=1,t},clone:function(t){var a=new p(16);return a[0]=t[0],a[1]=t[1],a[2]=t[2],a[3]=t[3],a[4]=t[4],a[5]=t[5],a[6]=t[6],a[7]=t[7],a[8]=t[8],a[9]=t[9],a[10]=t[10],a[11]=t[11],a[12]=t[12],a[13]=t[13],a[14]=t[14],a[15]=t[15],a},copy:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t[3]=a[3],t[4]=a[4],M
t[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[6],t[7]=a[7],t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15],t},fromValues:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b){var m=new p(16);return m[0]=t,m[1]=a,m[2]=n,m[3]=r,m[4]=e,m[5]=o,m[6]=u,m[7]=h,m[8]=i,m[9]=M,m[10]=s,m[11]=c,m[12]=f,m[13]=l,m[14]=v,m[15]=b,m},set:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b,m){return t[0]=a,t[1]=n,t[2]=r,t[3]=e,t[4]=o,t[5]=u,t[6]=h,t[7]=i,t[8]=M,t[9]=s,t[10]=c,t[11]=f,t[12]=l,t[13]=v,t[14]=b,t[15]=m,t},identity:_,transpose:fM
unction(t,a){if(t===a){var n=a[1],r=a[2],e=a[3],o=a[6],u=a[7],h=a[11];t[1]=a[4],t[2]=a[8],t[3]=a[12],t[4]=n,t[6]=a[9],t[7]=a[13],t[8]=r,t[9]=o,t[11]=a[14],t[12]=e,t[13]=u,t[14]=h}else t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[4],t[2]=a[8],t[3]=a[12],t[4]=a[1],t[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[9],t[7]=a[13],t[8]=a[2],t[9]=a[6],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[14],t[12]=a[3],t[13]=a[7],t[14]=a[11],t[15]=a[15];return t},invert:function(t,a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=a[4],h=a[5],i=a[6],M=a[7],s=a[8],c=a[9],f=a[10],l=a[11],v=a[12],b=a[13],m=a[14],p=a[15],d=n*h-r*u,yM
=n*i-e*u,x=n*M-o*u,g=r*i-e*h,q=r*M-o*h,_=e*M-o*i,A=s*b-c*v,R=s*m-f*v,O=s*p-l*v,w=c*m-f*b,T=c*p-l*b,P=f*p-l*m,D=d*P-y*T+x*w+g*O-q*R+_*A;return D?(D=1/D,t[0]=(h*P-i*T+M*w)*D,t[1]=(e*T-r*P-o*w)*D,t[2]=(b*_-m*q+p*g)*D,t[3]=(f*q-c*_-l*g)*D,t[4]=(i*O-u*P-M*R)*D,t[5]=(n*P-e*O+o*R)*D,t[6]=(m*x-v*_-p*y)*D,t[7]=(s*_-f*x+l*y)*D,t[8]=(u*T-h*O+M*A)*D,t[9]=(r*O-n*T-o*A)*D,t[10]=(v*q-b*x+p*d)*D,t[11]=(c*x-s*q-l*d)*D,t[12]=(h*R-u*w-i*A)*D,t[13]=(n*w-r*R+e*A)*D,t[14]=(b*y-v*g-m*d)*D,t[15]=(s*g-c*y+f*d)*D,t):null},adjoint:function(tM
,a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=a[4],h=a[5],i=a[6],M=a[7],s=a[8],c=a[9],f=a[10],l=a[11],v=a[12],b=a[13],m=a[14],p=a[15],d=n*h-r*u,y=n*i-e*u,x=n*M-o*u,g=r*i-e*h,q=r*M-o*h,_=e*M-o*i,A=s*b-c*v,R=s*m-f*v,O=s*p-l*v,w=c*m-f*b,T=c*p-l*b,P=f*p-l*m;return t[0]=h*P-i*T+M*w,t[1]=e*T-r*P-o*w,t[2]=b*_-m*q+p*g,t[3]=f*q-c*_-l*g,t[4]=i*O-u*P-M*R,t[5]=n*P-e*O+o*R,t[6]=m*x-v*_-p*y,t[7]=s*_-f*x+l*y,t[8]=u*T-h*O+M*A,t[9]=r*O-n*T-o*A,t[10]=v*q-b*x+p*d,t[11]=c*x-s*q-l*d,t[12]=h*R-u*w-i*A,t[13]=n*w-r*R+e*A,t[14]=b*y-v*g-m*d,t[15]=sM
*g-c*y+f*d,t},determinant:function(t){var a=t[0],n=t[1],r=t[2],e=t[3],o=t[4],u=t[5],h=t[6],i=t[7],M=t[8],s=t[9],c=t[10],f=t[11],l=t[12],v=t[13],b=t[14],m=a*u-n*o,p=a*h-r*o,d=n*h-r*u,y=M*v-s*l,x=M*b-c*l,g=s*b-c*v;return i*(a*g-n*x+r*y)-e*(o*g-u*x+h*y)+t[15]*(M*d-s*p+c*m)-f*(l*d-v*p+b*m)},multiply:r,translate:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b=n[0],m=n[1],p=n[2];return a===t?(t[12]=a[0]*b+a[4]*m+a[8]*p+a[12],t[13]=a[1]*b+a[5]*m+a[9]*p+a[13],t[14]=a[2]*b+a[6]*m+a[10]*p+a[14],t[15]=a[3]*b+a[7]*m+a[11]*p+a[15M
]):(r=a[0],e=a[1],o=a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=a[8],f=a[9],l=a[10],v=a[11],t[0]=r,t[1]=e,t[2]=o,t[3]=u,t[4]=h,t[5]=i,t[6]=M,t[7]=s,t[8]=c,t[9]=f,t[10]=l,t[11]=v,t[12]=r*b+h*m+c*p+a[12],t[13]=e*b+i*m+f*p+a[13],t[14]=o*b+M*m+l*p+a[14],t[15]=u*b+s*m+v*p+a[15]),t},scale:function(t,a,n){var r=n[0],e=n[1],o=n[2];return t[0]=a[0]*r,t[1]=a[1]*r,t[2]=a[2]*r,t[3]=a[3]*r,t[4]=a[4]*e,t[5]=a[5]*e,t[6]=a[6]*e,t[7]=a[7]*e,t[8]=a[8]*o,t[9]=a[9]*o,t[10]=a[10]*o,t[11]=a[11]*o,t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=M
a[15],t},rotate:function(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b,m,p,d,y,x,g,q,_,A,R,O,w,T=r[0],P=r[1],D=r[2],z=Math.hypot(T,P,D);return z<S?null:(T*=z=1/z,P*=z,D*=z,e=Math.sin(n),u=1-(o=Math.cos(n)),h=a[0],i=a[1],M=a[2],s=a[3],c=a[4],f=a[5],l=a[6],v=a[7],b=a[8],m=a[9],p=a[10],d=a[11],y=T*T*u+o,x=P*T*u+D*e,g=D*T*u-P*e,q=T*P*u-D*e,_=P*P*u+o,A=D*P*u+T*e,R=T*D*u+P*e,O=P*D*u-T*e,w=D*D*u+o,t[0]=h*y+c*x+b*g,t[1]=i*y+f*x+m*g,t[2]=M*y+l*x+p*g,t[3]=s*y+v*x+d*g,t[4]=h*q+c*_+b*A,t[5]=i*q+f*_+m*A,t[6]=M*q+l*_+p*A,t[7]=s*q+v*_+d*AM
,t[8]=h*R+c*O+b*w,t[9]=i*R+f*O+m*w,t[10]=M*R+l*O+p*w,t[11]=s*R+v*O+d*w,a!==t&&(t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t)},rotateX:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[4],u=a[5],h=a[6],i=a[7],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t[3]=a[3],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[4]=o*e+M*r,t[5]=u*e+s*r,t[6]=h*e+c*r,t[7]=i*e+f*r,t[8]=M*e-o*r,t[9]=s*e-u*r,t[10]=c*e-h*r,t[11]=f*e-i*r,t},rotateY:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0M
],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[4]=a[4],t[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[6],t[7]=a[7],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e-M*r,t[1]=u*e-s*r,t[2]=h*e-c*r,t[3]=i*e-f*r,t[8]=o*r+M*e,t[9]=u*r+s*e,t[10]=h*r+c*e,t[11]=i*r+f*e,t},rotateZ:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[4],s=a[5],c=a[6],f=a[7];return a!==t&&(t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e+M*r,t[1]=u*e+s*r,t[2]=h*eM
+c*r,t[3]=i*e+f*r,t[4]=M*e-o*r,t[5]=s*e-u*r,t[6]=c*e-h*r,t[7]=f*e-i*r,t},fromTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=a[0],t[13]=a[1],t[14]=a[2],t[15]=1,t},fromScaling:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=a[1],t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=a[2],t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotation:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u=n[0],h=n[1],i=n[2],M=Math.hypot(u,h,i);return M<S?null:(u*=M=1/M,h*=M,i*=M,rM
=Math.sin(a),o=1-(e=Math.cos(a)),t[0]=u*u*o+e,t[1]=h*u*o+i*r,t[2]=i*u*o-h*r,t[3]=0,t[4]=u*h*o-i*r,t[5]=h*h*o+e,t[6]=i*h*o+u*r,t[7]=0,t[8]=u*i*o+h*r,t[9]=h*i*o-u*r,t[10]=i*i*o+e,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t)},fromXRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=r,t[6]=n,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=-n,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromYRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=0,t[2]=-n,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,M
t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=n,t[9]=0,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromZRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=n,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=-n,t[5]=r,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslation:f,fromQuat2:function(t,a){var n=new p(3),r=-a[0],e=-a[1],o=-a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=r*r+e*e+o*o+u*u;return 0<c?(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*o-M*e)/c,n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o)/c,n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)/c):(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*rM
+i*o-M*e),n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o),n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)),f(t,a,n),t},getTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[12],t[1]=a[13],t[2]=a[14],t},getScaling:d,getRotation:function(t,a){var n=new p(3);d(n,a);var r=1/n[0],e=1/n[1],o=1/n[2],u=a[0]*r,h=a[1]*e,i=a[2]*o,M=a[4]*r,s=a[5]*e,c=a[6]*o,f=a[8]*r,l=a[9]*e,v=a[10]*o,b=u+s+v,m=0;return 0<b?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+b),t[3]=.25*m,t[0]=(c-l)/m,t[1]=(f-i)/m,t[2]=(h-M)/m):s<u&&v<u?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+u-s-v),t[3]=(c-l)/m,t[0]=.25*m,t[1]=(h+M)/m,t[2]=(f+i)/m):v<s?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+s-M
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px; color:bisque;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?M
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ar s=r,c=M,l=Object.freeze({__proto__:null,create:function(){var t=new p(16);return p!=Float32Array&&(t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0),t[0]=1,t[5]=1,t[10]=1,t[15]=1,t},clone:function(t){var a=new p(16);return a[0]=t[0],a[1]=t[1],a[2]=t[2],a[3]=t[3],a[4]=t[4],a[5]=t[5],a[6]=t[6],a[7]=t[7],a[8]=t[8],a[9]=t[9],a[10]=t[10],a[11]=t[11],a[12]=t[12],a[13]=t[13],a[14]=t[14],a[15]=t[15],a},copy:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t[3]=a[3],t[4]=a[4],t[5]M
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*y+f*d,t},determinant:function(t){var a=t[0],n=t[1],r=t[2],e=t[3],o=t[4],u=t[5],h=t[6],i=t[7],M=t[8],s=t[9],c=t[10],f=t[11],l=t[12],v=t[13],b=t[14],m=a*u-n*o,p=a*h-r*o,d=n*h-r*u,y=M*v-s*l,x=M*b-c*l,g=s*b-c*v;return i*(a*g-n*x+r*y)-e*(o*g-u*x+h*y)+t[15]*(M*d-s*p+c*m)-f*(l*d-v*p+b*m)},multiply:r,translate:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b=n[0],m=n[1],p=n[2];return a===t?(t[12]=a[0]*b+a[4]*m+a[8]*p+a[12],t[13]=a[1]*b+a[5]*m+a[9]*p+a[13],t[14]=a[2]*b+a[6]*m+a[10]*p+a[14],t[15]=a[3]*b+a[7]*m+a[11]*p+a[15]):(M
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],t},rotate:function(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b,m,p,d,y,x,g,q,_,A,R,O,w,T=r[0],P=r[1],D=r[2],z=Math.hypot(T,P,D);return z<S?null:(T*=z=1/z,P*=z,D*=z,e=Math.sin(n),u=1-(o=Math.cos(n)),h=a[0],i=a[1],M=a[2],s=a[3],c=a[4],f=a[5],l=a[6],v=a[7],b=a[8],m=a[9],p=a[10],d=a[11],y=T*T*u+o,x=P*T*u+D*e,g=D*T*u-P*e,q=T*P*u-D*e,_=P*P*u+o,A=D*P*u+T*e,R=T*D*u+P*e,O=P*D*u-T*e,w=D*D*u+o,t[0]=h*y+c*x+b*g,t[1]=i*y+f*x+m*g,t[2]=M*y+l*x+p*g,t[3]=s*y+v*x+d*g,t[4]=h*q+c*_+b*A,t[5]=i*q+f*_+m*A,t[6]=M*q+l*_+p*A,t[7]=s*q+v*_+d*A,t[8M
]=h*R+c*O+b*w,t[9]=i*R+f*O+m*w,t[10]=M*R+l*O+p*w,t[11]=s*R+v*O+d*w,a!==t&&(t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t)},rotateX:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[4],u=a[5],h=a[6],i=a[7],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t[3]=a[3],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[4]=o*e+M*r,t[5]=u*e+s*r,t[6]=h*e+c*r,t[7]=i*e+f*r,t[8]=M*e-o*r,t[9]=s*e-u*r,t[10]=c*e-h*r,t[11]=f*e-i*r,t},rotateY:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=M
a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[4]=a[4],t[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[6],t[7]=a[7],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e-M*r,t[1]=u*e-s*r,t[2]=h*e-c*r,t[3]=i*e-f*r,t[8]=o*r+M*e,t[9]=u*r+s*e,t[10]=h*r+c*e,t[11]=i*r+f*e,t},rotateZ:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[4],s=a[5],c=a[6],f=a[7];return a!==t&&(t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e+M*r,t[1]=u*e+s*r,t[2]=h*e+c*rM
,t[3]=i*e+f*r,t[4]=M*e-o*r,t[5]=s*e-u*r,t[6]=c*e-h*r,t[7]=f*e-i*r,t},fromTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=a[0],t[13]=a[1],t[14]=a[2],t[15]=1,t},fromScaling:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=a[1],t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=a[2],t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotation:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u=n[0],h=n[1],i=n[2],M=Math.hypot(u,h,i);return M<S?null:(u*=M=1/M,h*=M,i*=M,r=MatM
h.sin(a),o=1-(e=Math.cos(a)),t[0]=u*u*o+e,t[1]=h*u*o+i*r,t[2]=i*u*o-h*r,t[3]=0,t[4]=u*h*o-i*r,t[5]=h*h*o+e,t[6]=i*h*o+u*r,t[7]=0,t[8]=u*i*o+h*r,t[9]=h*i*o-u*r,t[10]=i*i*o+e,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t)},fromXRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=r,t[6]=n,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=-n,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromYRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=0,t[2]=-n,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]M
=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=n,t[9]=0,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromZRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=n,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=-n,t[5]=r,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslation:f,fromQuat2:function(t,a){var n=new p(3),r=-a[0],e=-a[1],o=-a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=r*r+e*e+o*o+u*u;return 0<c?(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*o-M*e)/c,n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o)/c,n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)/c):(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*oM
-M*e),n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o),n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)),f(t,a,n),t},getTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[12],t[1]=a[13],t[2]=a[14],t},getScaling:d,getRotation:function(t,a){var n=new p(3);d(n,a);var r=1/n[0],e=1/n[1],o=1/n[2],u=a[0]*r,h=a[1]*e,i=a[2]*o,M=a[4]*r,s=a[5]*e,c=a[6]*o,f=a[8]*r,l=a[9]*e,v=a[10]*o,b=u+s+v,m=0;return 0<b?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+b),t[3]=.25*m,t[0]=(c-l)/m,t[1]=(f-i)/m,t[2]=(h-M)/m):s<u&&v<u?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+u-s-v),t[3]=(c-l)/m,t[0]=.25*m,t[1]=(h+M)/m,t[2]=(f+i)/m):v<s?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+s-u-v)M
,t[3]=(f-i)/m,t[0]=(h+M)/m,t[1]=.25*m,t[2]=(c+l)/m):(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+v-u-s),t[3]=(h-M)/m,t[0]=(f+i)/m,t[1]=(c+l)/m,t[2]=.25*m),t},decompose:function(t,a,n,r){a[0]=r[12],a[1]=r[13],a[2]=r[14];var e=r[0],o=r[1],u=r[2],h=r[4],i=r[5],M=r[6],s=r[8],c=r[9],f=r[10];n[0]=Math.hypot(e,o,u),n[1]=Math.hypot(h,i,M),n[2]=Math.hypot(s,c,f);var l=1/n[0],v=1/n[1],b=1/n[2],m=e*l,p=o*v,d=u*b,y=h*l,x=i*v,g=M*b,q=s*l,_=c*v,A=f*b,R=m+x+A,O=0;return 0<R?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+R),t[3]=.25*O,t[0]=(g-_)/O,t[1]=(q-d)/O,t[2]=(p-y)/O):x<m&&A<m?(O=2M
*Math.sqrt(1+m-x-A),t[3]=(g-_)/O,t[0]=.25*O,t[1]=(p+y)/O,t[2]=(q+d)/O):A<x?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+x-m-A),t[3]=(q-d)/O,t[0]=(p+y)/O,t[1]=.25*O,t[2]=(g+_)/O):(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+A-m-x),t[3]=(p-y)/O,t[0]=(q+d)/O,t[1]=(g+_)/O,t[2]=.25*O),t},fromRotationTranslationScale:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2],h=a[3],i=e+e,M=o+o,s=u+u,c=e*i,f=e*M,l=e*s,v=o*M,b=o*s,m=u*s,p=h*i,d=h*M,y=h*s,x=r[0],g=r[1],q=r[2];return t[0]=(1-(v+m))*x,t[1]=(f+y)*x,t[2]=(l-d)*x,t[3]=0,t[4]=(f-y)*g,t[5]=(1-(c+m))*g,t[6]=(b+p)*g,t[7]=0,t[8]=(l+d)*q,M
t[9]=(b-p)*q,t[10]=(1-(c+v))*q,t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0],t[13]=n[1],t[14]=n[2],t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslationScaleOrigin:function(t,a,n,r,e){var o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=o+o,s=u+u,c=h+h,f=o*M,l=o*s,v=o*c,b=u*s,m=u*c,p=h*c,d=i*M,y=i*s,x=i*c,g=r[0],q=r[1],_=r[2],A=e[0],R=e[1],O=e[2],w=(1-(b+p))*g,T=(l+x)*g,P=(v-y)*g,D=(l-x)*q,z=(1-(f+p))*q,E=(m+d)*q,I=(v+y)*_,S=(m-d)*_,j=(1-(f+b))*_;return t[0]=w,t[1]=T,t[2]=P,t[3]=0,t[4]=D,t[5]=z,t[6]=E,t[7]=0,t[8]=I,t[9]=S,t[10]=j,t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0]+A-(w*A+D*R+I*O),t[13]=n[1]+R-(M
T*A+z*R+S*O),t[14]=n[2]+O-(P*A+E*R+j*O),t[15]=1,t},fromQuat:function(t,a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=n+n,h=r+r,i=e+e,M=n*u,s=r*u,c=r*h,f=e*u,l=e*h,v=e*i,b=o*u,m=o*h,p=o*i;return t[0]=1-c-v,t[1]=s+p,t[2]=f-m,t[3]=0,t[4]=s-p,t[5]=1-M-v,t[6]=l+b,t[7]=0,t[8]=f+m,t[9]=l-b,t[10]=1-M-c,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},frustum:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(n-a),i=1/(e-r),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=2*o*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=2*o*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=(n+a)*h,t[9]=(e+r)*i,t[10]=(u+o)*M,t[11]=-1,t[12M
]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=u*o*2*M,t[15]=0,t},perspectiveNO:e,perspective:u,perspectiveZO:function(t,a,n,r,e){var o=1/Math.tan(a/2);if(t[0]=o/n,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=o,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[15]=0,null!=e&&e!==1/0){var u=1/(r-e);t[10]=e*u,t[14]=e*r*u}else t[10]=-1,t[14]=-r;return t},perspectiveFromFieldOfView:function(t,a,n,r){var e=Math.tan(a.upDegrees*Math.PI/180),o=Math.tan(a.downDegrees*Math.PI/180),u=Math.tan(a.leftDegrees*Math.PI/180),h=Math.tan(a.rightDegrees*Math.PI/180),i=M
2/(u+h),M=2/(e+o);return t[0]=i,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=M,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=-(u-h)*i*.5,t[9]=(e-o)*M*.5,t[10]=r/(n-r),t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=r*n/(n-r),t[15]=0,t},orthoNO:h,ortho:i,orthoZO:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(a-n),i=1/(r-e),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=-2*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=-2*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=M,t[11]=0,t[12]=(a+n)*h,t[13]=(e+r)*i,t[14]=o*M,t[15]=1,t},lookAt:function(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v=a[0],b=a[1],m=a[2],p=r[0],d=r[1],y=r[2],x=n[0],g=n[1],q=nM
[2];return Math.abs(v-x)<S&&Math.abs(b-g)<S&&Math.abs(m-q)<S?_(t):(s=v-x,c=b-g,f=m-q,e=d*(f*=l=1/Math.hypot(s,c,f))-y*(c*=l),o=y*(s*=l)-p*f,u=p*c-d*s,(l=Math.hypot(e,o,u))?(e*=l=1/l,o*=l,u*=l):u=o=e=0,h=c*u-f*o,i=f*e-s*u,M=s*o-c*e,(l=Math.hypot(h,i,M))?(h*=l=1/l,i*=l,M*=l):M=i=h=0,t[0]=e,t[1]=h,t[2]=s,t[3]=0,t[4]=o,t[5]=i,t[6]=c,t[7]=0,t[8]=u,t[9]=M,t[10]=f,t[11]=0,t[12]=-(e*v+o*b+u*m),t[13]=-(h*v+i*b+M*m),t[14]=-(s*v+c*b+f*m),t[15]=1,t)},targetTo:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2],h=r[0],i=r[1],M=r[2],s=e-M
n[0],c=o-n[1],f=u-n[2],l=s*s+c*c+f*f;0<l&&(s*=l=1/Math.sqrt(l),c*=l,f*=l);var v=i*f-M*c,b=M*s-h*f,m=h*c-i*s;return 0<(l=v*v+b*b+m*m)&&(v*=l=1/Math.sqrt(l),b*=l,m*=l),t[0]=v,t[1]=b,t[2]=m,t[3]=0,t[4]=c*m-f*b,t[5]=f*v-s*m,t[6]=s*b-c*v,t[7]=0,t[8]=s,t[9]=c,t[10]=f,t[11]=0,t[12]=e,t[13]=o,t[14]=u,t[15]=1,t},str:function(t){return"mat4("+t[0]+", "+t[1]+", "+t[2]+", "+t[3]+", "+t[4]+", "+t[5]+", "+t[6]+", "+t[7]+", "+t[8]+", "+t[9]+", "+t[10]+", "+t[11]+", "+t[12]+", "+t[13]+", "+t[14]+", "+t[15]+")"},frob:function(t){reM
turn Math.hypot(t[0],t[1],t[2],t[3],t[4],t[5],t[6],t[7],t[8],t[9],t[10],t[11],t[12],t[13],t[14],t[15])},add:function(t,a,n){return t[0]=a[0]+n[0],t[1]=a[1]+n[1],t[2]=a[2]+n[2],t[3]=a[3]+n[3],t[4]=a[4]+n[4],t[5]=a[5]+n[5],t[6]=a[6]+n[6],t[7]=a[7]+n[7],t[8]=a[8]+n[8],t[9]=a[9]+n[9],t[10]=a[10]+n[10],t[11]=a[11]+n[11],t[12]=a[12]+n[12],t[13]=a[13]+n[13],t[14]=a[14]+n[14],t[15]=a[15]+n[15],t},subtract:M,multiplyScalar:function(t,a,n){return t[0]=a[0]*n,t[1]=a[1]*n,t[2]=a[2]*n,t[3]=a[3]*n,t[4]=a[4]*n,t[5]=a[5]*n,t[6]=a[M
6]*n,t[7]=a[7]*n,t[8]=a[8]*n,t[9]=a[9]*n,t[10]=a[10]*n,t[11]=a[11]*n,t[12]=a[12]*n,t[13]=a[13]*n,t[14]=a[14]*n,t[15]=a[15]*n,t},multiplyScalarAndAdd:function(t,a,n,r){return t[0]=a[0]+n[0]*r,t[1]=a[1]+n[1]*r,t[2]=a[2]+n[2]*r,t[3]=a[3]+n[3]*r,t[4]=a[4]+n[4]*r,t[5]=a[5]+n[5]*r,t[6]=a[6]+n[6]*r,t[7]=a[7]+n[7]*r,t[8]=a[8]+n[8]*r,t[9]=a[9]+n[9]*r,t[10]=a[10]+n[10]*r,t[11]=a[11]+n[11]*r,t[12]=a[12]+n[12]*r,t[13]=a[13]+n[13]*r,t[14]=a[14]+n[14]*r,t[15]=a[15]+n[15]*r,t},exactEquals:function(t,a){return t[0]===a[0]&&t[1]===M
a[1]&&t[2]===a[2]&&t[3]===a[3]&&t[4]===a[4]&&t[5]===a[5]&&t[6]===a[6]&&t[7]===a[7]&&t[8]===a[8]&&t[9]===a[9]&&t[10]===a[10]&&t[11]===a[11]&&t[12]===a[12]&&t[13]===a[13]&&t[14]===a[14]&&t[15]===a[15]},equals:function(t,a){var n=t[0],r=t[1],e=t[2],o=t[3],u=t[4],h=t[5],i=t[6],M=t[7],s=t[8],c=t[9],f=t[10],l=t[11],v=t[12],b=t[13],m=t[14],p=t[15],d=a[0],y=a[1],x=a[2],g=a[3],q=a[4],_=a[5],A=a[6],R=a[7],O=a[8],w=a[9],T=a[10],P=a[11],D=a[12],z=a[13],E=a[14],I=a[15];return Math.abs(n-d)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(n),Math.abs(d))M
&&Math.abs(r-y)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(r),Math.abs(y))&&Math.abs(e-x)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(e),Math.abs(x))&&Math.abs(o-g)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(o),Math.abs(g))&&Math.abs(u-q)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(u),Math.abs(q))&&Math.abs(h-_)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(h),Math.abs(_))&&Math.abs(i-A)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(i),Math.abs(A))&&Math.abs(M-R)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(M),Math.abs(R))&&Math.abs(s-O)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(s),Math.abs(O))&&Math.abs(c-w)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(c),Math.abs(w))&&Math.abs(f-T)<=S*Math.max(1,MathM
.abs(f),Math.abs(T))&&Math.abs(l-P)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(l),Math.abs(P))&&Math.abs(v-D)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(v),Math.abs(D))&&Math.abs(b-z)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(b),Math.abs(z))&&Math.abs(m-E)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(m),Math.abs(E))&&Math.abs(p-I)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(p),Math.abs(I))},mul:s,sub:c});function v(){var t=new p(3);return p!=Float32Array&&(t[0]=0,t[1]=0,t[2]=0),t}function b(t){var a=t[0],n=t[1],r=t[2];return Math.hypot(a,n,r)}function m(t,a,n){return t[0]=a[0]-n[0],t[1]=a[1]-n[1],t[2]=a[2]-n[2],t}fM
unction y(t,a,n){return t[0]=a[0]*n[0],t[1]=a[1]*n[1],t[2]=a[2]*n[2],t}function x(t,a,n){return t[0]=a[0]/n[0],t[1]=a[1]/n[1],t[2]=a[2]/n[2],t}function g(t,a){var n=a[0]-t[0],r=a[1]-t[1],e=a[2]-t[2];return Math.hypot(n,r,e)}function q(t,a){var n=a[0]-t[0],r=a[1]-t[1],e=a[2]-t[2];return n*n+r*r+e*e}function A(t){var a=t[0],n=t[1],r=t[2];return a*a+n*n+r*r}function R(t,a){return t[0]*a[0]+t[1]*a[1]+t[2]*a[2]}var O,w=m,T=y,P=x,D=g,z=q,E=b,I=A,j=(O=v(),function(t,a,n,r,e,o){var u,h;for(a||(a=3),n||(n=0),h=r?Math.min(r*M
a+n,t.length):t.length,u=n;u<h;u+=a)O[0]=t[u],O[1]=t[u+1],O[2]=t[u+2],e(O,O,o),t[u]=O[0],t[u+1]=O[1],t[u+2]=O[2];return t}),F=Object.freeze({__proto__:null,create:v,clone:function(t){var a=new p(3);return a[0]=t[0],a[1]=t[1],a[2]=t[2],a},length:b,fromValues:function(t,a,n){var r=new p(3);return r[0]=t,r[1]=a,r[2]=n,r},copy:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t},set:function(t,a,n,r){return t[0]=a,t[1]=n,t[2]=r,t},add:function(t,a,n){return t[0]=a[0]+n[0],t[1]=a[1]+n[1],t[2]=a[2]+n[2],t},subtract:m,muM
ltiply:y,divide:x,ceil:function(t,a){return t[0]=Math.ceil(a[0]),t[1]=Math.ceil(a[1]),t[2]=Math.ceil(a[2]),t},floor:function(t,a){return t[0]=Math.floor(a[0]),t[1]=Math.floor(a[1]),t[2]=Math.floor(a[2]),t},min:function(t,a,n){return t[0]=Math.min(a[0],n[0]),t[1]=Math.min(a[1],n[1]),t[2]=Math.min(a[2],n[2]),t},max:function(t,a,n){return t[0]=Math.max(a[0],n[0]),t[1]=Math.max(a[1],n[1]),t[2]=Math.max(a[2],n[2]),t},round:function(t,a){return t[0]=Math.round(a[0]),t[1]=Math.round(a[1]),t[2]=Math.round(a[2]),t},scale:fuM
nction(t,a,n){return t[0]=a[0]*n,t[1]=a[1]*n,t[2]=a[2]*n,t},scaleAndAdd:function(t,a,n,r){return t[0]=a[0]+n[0]*r,t[1]=a[1]+n[1]*r,t[2]=a[2]+n[2]*r,t},distance:g,squaredDistance:q,squaredLength:A,negate:function(t,a){return t[0]=-a[0],t[1]=-a[1],t[2]=-a[2],t},inverse:function(t,a){return t[0]=1/a[0],t[1]=1/a[1],t[2]=1/a[2],t},normalize:function(t,a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=n*n+r*r+e*e;return 0<o&&(o=1/Math.sqrt(o)),t[0]=a[0]*o,t[1]=a[1]*o,t[2]=a[2]*o,t},dot:R,cross:function(t,a,n){var r=a[0],e=a[1],o=a[2],u=n[0]M
,h=n[1],i=n[2];return t[0]=e*i-o*h,t[1]=o*u-r*i,t[2]=r*h-e*u,t},lerp:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2];return t[0]=e+r*(n[0]-e),t[1]=o+r*(n[1]-o),t[2]=u+r*(n[2]-u),t},slerp:function(t,a,n,r){var e=Math.acos(Math.min(Math.max(R(a,n),-1),1)),o=Math.sin(e),u=Math.sin((1-r)*e)/o,h=Math.sin(r*e)/o;return t[0]=u*a[0]+h*n[0],t[1]=u*a[1]+h*n[1],t[2]=u*a[2]+h*n[2],t},hermite:function(t,a,n,r,e,o){var u=o*o,h=u*(2*o-3)+1,i=u*(o-2)+o,M=u*(o-1),s=u*(3-2*o);return t[0]=a[0]*h+n[0]*i+r[0]*M+e[0]*s,t[1]=a[1]*h+n[1]*i+r[1M
]*M+e[1]*s,t[2]=a[2]*h+n[2]*i+r[2]*M+e[2]*s,t},bezier:function(t,a,n,r,e,o){var u=1-o,h=u*u,i=o*o,M=h*u,s=3*o*h,c=3*i*u,f=i*o;return t[0]=a[0]*M+n[0]*s+r[0]*c+e[0]*f,t[1]=a[1]*M+n[1]*s+r[1]*c+e[1]*f,t[2]=a[2]*M+n[2]*s+r[2]*c+e[2]*f,t},random:function(t,a){a=a||1;var n=2*o()*Math.PI,r=2*o()-1,e=Math.sqrt(1-r*r)*a;return t[0]=Math.cos(n)*e,t[1]=Math.sin(n)*e,t[2]=r*a,t},transformMat4:function(t,a,n){var r=a[0],e=a[1],o=a[2],u=n[3]*r+n[7]*e+n[11]*o+n[15];return u=u||1,t[0]=(n[0]*r+n[4]*e+n[8]*o+n[12])/u,t[1]=(n[1]*r+nM
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?a(exports):"fuM
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text/html;charset=utf-8
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px; color:darkgray;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof modulM
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px; color:bisque;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?M
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a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[4]=a[4],t[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[6],t[7]=a[7],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e-M*r,t[1]=u*e-s*r,t[2]=h*e-c*r,t[3]=i*e-f*r,t[8]=o*r+M*e,t[9]=u*r+s*e,t[10]=h*r+c*e,t[11]=i*r+f*e,t},rotateZ:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[4],s=a[5],c=a[6],f=a[7];return a!==t&&(t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e+M*r,t[1]=u*e+s*r,t[2]=h*e+c*rM
,t[3]=i*e+f*r,t[4]=M*e-o*r,t[5]=s*e-u*r,t[6]=c*e-h*r,t[7]=f*e-i*r,t},fromTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=a[0],t[13]=a[1],t[14]=a[2],t[15]=1,t},fromScaling:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=a[1],t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=a[2],t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotation:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u=n[0],h=n[1],i=n[2],M=Math.hypot(u,h,i);return M<S?null:(u*=M=1/M,h*=M,i*=M,r=MatM
h.sin(a),o=1-(e=Math.cos(a)),t[0]=u*u*o+e,t[1]=h*u*o+i*r,t[2]=i*u*o-h*r,t[3]=0,t[4]=u*h*o-i*r,t[5]=h*h*o+e,t[6]=i*h*o+u*r,t[7]=0,t[8]=u*i*o+h*r,t[9]=h*i*o-u*r,t[10]=i*i*o+e,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t)},fromXRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=r,t[6]=n,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=-n,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromYRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=0,t[2]=-n,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]M
=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=n,t[9]=0,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromZRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=n,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=-n,t[5]=r,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslation:f,fromQuat2:function(t,a){var n=new p(3),r=-a[0],e=-a[1],o=-a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=r*r+e*e+o*o+u*u;return 0<c?(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*o-M*e)/c,n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o)/c,n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)/c):(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*oM
-M*e),n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o),n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)),f(t,a,n),t},getTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[12],t[1]=a[13],t[2]=a[14],t},getScaling:d,getRotation:function(t,a){var n=new p(3);d(n,a);var r=1/n[0],e=1/n[1],o=1/n[2],u=a[0]*r,h=a[1]*e,i=a[2]*o,M=a[4]*r,s=a[5]*e,c=a[6]*o,f=a[8]*r,l=a[9]*e,v=a[10]*o,b=u+s+v,m=0;return 0<b?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+b),t[3]=.25*m,t[0]=(c-l)/m,t[1]=(f-i)/m,t[2]=(h-M)/m):s<u&&v<u?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+u-s-v),t[3]=(c-l)/m,t[0]=.25*m,t[1]=(h+M)/m,t[2]=(f+i)/m):v<s?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+s-u-v)M
,t[3]=(f-i)/m,t[0]=(h+M)/m,t[1]=.25*m,t[2]=(c+l)/m):(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+v-u-s),t[3]=(h-M)/m,t[0]=(f+i)/m,t[1]=(c+l)/m,t[2]=.25*m),t},decompose:function(t,a,n,r){a[0]=r[12],a[1]=r[13],a[2]=r[14];var e=r[0],o=r[1],u=r[2],h=r[4],i=r[5],M=r[6],s=r[8],c=r[9],f=r[10];n[0]=Math.hypot(e,o,u),n[1]=Math.hypot(h,i,M),n[2]=Math.hypot(s,c,f);var l=1/n[0],v=1/n[1],b=1/n[2],m=e*l,p=o*v,d=u*b,y=h*l,x=i*v,g=M*b,q=s*l,_=c*v,A=f*b,R=m+x+A,O=0;return 0<R?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+R),t[3]=.25*O,t[0]=(g-_)/O,t[1]=(q-d)/O,t[2]=(p-y)/O):x<m&&A<m?(O=2M
*Math.sqrt(1+m-x-A),t[3]=(g-_)/O,t[0]=.25*O,t[1]=(p+y)/O,t[2]=(q+d)/O):A<x?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+x-m-A),t[3]=(q-d)/O,t[0]=(p+y)/O,t[1]=.25*O,t[2]=(g+_)/O):(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+A-m-x),t[3]=(p-y)/O,t[0]=(q+d)/O,t[1]=(g+_)/O,t[2]=.25*O),t},fromRotationTranslationScale:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2],h=a[3],i=e+e,M=o+o,s=u+u,c=e*i,f=e*M,l=e*s,v=o*M,b=o*s,m=u*s,p=h*i,d=h*M,y=h*s,x=r[0],g=r[1],q=r[2];return t[0]=(1-(v+m))*x,t[1]=(f+y)*x,t[2]=(l-d)*x,t[3]=0,t[4]=(f-y)*g,t[5]=(1-(c+m))*g,t[6]=(b+p)*g,t[7]=0,t[8]=(l+d)*q,M
t[9]=(b-p)*q,t[10]=(1-(c+v))*q,t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0],t[13]=n[1],t[14]=n[2],t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslationScaleOrigin:function(t,a,n,r,e){var o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=o+o,s=u+u,c=h+h,f=o*M,l=o*s,v=o*c,b=u*s,m=u*c,p=h*c,d=i*M,y=i*s,x=i*c,g=r[0],q=r[1],_=r[2],A=e[0],R=e[1],O=e[2],w=(1-(b+p))*g,T=(l+x)*g,P=(v-y)*g,D=(l-x)*q,z=(1-(f+p))*q,E=(m+d)*q,I=(v+y)*_,S=(m-d)*_,j=(1-(f+b))*_;return t[0]=w,t[1]=T,t[2]=P,t[3]=0,t[4]=D,t[5]=z,t[6]=E,t[7]=0,t[8]=I,t[9]=S,t[10]=j,t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0]+A-(w*A+D*R+I*O),t[13]=n[1]+R-(M
T*A+z*R+S*O),t[14]=n[2]+O-(P*A+E*R+j*O),t[15]=1,t},fromQuat:function(t,a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=n+n,h=r+r,i=e+e,M=n*u,s=r*u,c=r*h,f=e*u,l=e*h,v=e*i,b=o*u,m=o*h,p=o*i;return t[0]=1-c-v,t[1]=s+p,t[2]=f-m,t[3]=0,t[4]=s-p,t[5]=1-M-v,t[6]=l+b,t[7]=0,t[8]=f+m,t[9]=l-b,t[10]=1-M-c,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},frustum:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(n-a),i=1/(e-r),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=2*o*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=2*o*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=(n+a)*h,t[9]=(e+r)*i,t[10]=(u+o)*M,t[11]=-1,t[12M
]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=u*o*2*M,t[15]=0,t},perspectiveNO:e,perspective:u,perspectiveZO:function(t,a,n,r,e){var o=1/Math.tan(a/2);if(t[0]=o/n,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=o,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[15]=0,null!=e&&e!==1/0){var u=1/(r-e);t[10]=e*u,t[14]=e*r*u}else t[10]=-1,t[14]=-r;return t},perspectiveFromFieldOfView:function(t,a,n,r){var e=Math.tan(a.upDegrees*Math.PI/180),o=Math.tan(a.downDegrees*Math.PI/180),u=Math.tan(a.leftDegrees*Math.PI/180),h=Math.tan(a.rightDegrees*Math.PI/180),i=M
2/(u+h),M=2/(e+o);return t[0]=i,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=M,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=-(u-h)*i*.5,t[9]=(e-o)*M*.5,t[10]=r/(n-r),t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=r*n/(n-r),t[15]=0,t},orthoNO:h,ortho:i,orthoZO:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(a-n),i=1/(r-e),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=-2*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=-2*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=M,t[11]=0,t[12]=(a+n)*h,t[13]=(e+r)*i,t[14]=o*M,t[15]=1,t},lookAt:function(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v=a[0],b=a[1],m=a[2],p=r[0],d=r[1],y=r[2],x=n[0],g=n[1],q=nM
[2];return Math.abs(v-x)<S&&Math.abs(b-g)<S&&Math.abs(m-q)<S?_(t):(s=v-x,c=b-g,f=m-q,e=d*(f*=l=1/Math.hypot(s,c,f))-y*(c*=l),o=y*(s*=l)-p*f,u=p*c-d*s,(l=Math.hypot(e,o,u))?(e*=l=1/l,o*=l,u*=l):u=o=e=0,h=c*u-f*o,i=f*e-s*u,M=s*o-c*e,(l=Math.hypot(h,i,M))?(h*=l=1/l,i*=l,M*=l):M=i=h=0,t[0]=e,t[1]=h,t[2]=s,t[3]=0,t[4]=o,t[5]=i,t[6]=c,t[7]=0,t[8]=u,t[9]=M,t[10]=f,t[11]=0,t[12]=-(e*v+o*b+u*m),t[13]=-(h*v+i*b+M*m),t[14]=-(s*v+c*b+f*m),t[15]=1,t)},targetTo:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2],h=r[0],i=r[1],M=r[2],s=e-M
n[0],c=o-n[1],f=u-n[2],l=s*s+c*c+f*f;0<l&&(s*=l=1/Math.sqrt(l),c*=l,f*=l);var v=i*f-M*c,b=M*s-h*f,m=h*c-i*s;return 0<(l=v*v+b*b+m*m)&&(v*=l=1/Math.sqrt(l),b*=l,m*=l),t[0]=v,t[1]=b,t[2]=m,t[3]=0,t[4]=c*m-f*b,t[5]=f*v-s*m,t[6]=s*b-c*v,t[7]=0,t[8]=s,t[9]=c,t[10]=f,t[11]=0,t[12]=e,t[13]=o,t[14]=u,t[15]=1,t},str:function(t){return"mat4("+t[0]+", "+t[1]+", "+t[2]+", "+t[3]+", "+t[4]+", "+t[5]+", "+t[6]+", "+t[7]+", "+t[8]+", "+t[9]+", "+t[10]+", "+t[11]+", "+t[12]+", "+t[13]+", "+t[14]+", "+t[15]+")"},frob:function(t){reM
turn Math.hypot(t[0],t[1],t[2],t[3],t[4],t[5],t[6],t[7],t[8],t[9],t[10],t[11],t[12],t[13],t[14],t[15])},add:function(t,a,n){return t[0]=a[0]+n[0],t[1]=a[1]+n[1],t[2]=a[2]+n[2],t[3]=a[3]+n[3],t[4]=a[4]+n[4],t[5]=a[5]+n[5],t[6]=a[6]+n[6],t[7]=a[7]+n[7],t[8]=a[8]+n[8],t[9]=a[9]+n[9],t[10]=a[10]+n[10],t[11]=a[11]+n[11],t[12]=a[12]+n[12],t[13]=a[13]+n[13],t[14]=a[14]+n[14],t[15]=a[15]+n[15],t},subtract:M,multiplyScalar:function(t,a,n){return t[0]=a[0]*n,t[1]=a[1]*n,t[2]=a[2]*n,t[3]=a[3]*n,t[4]=a[4]*n,t[5]=a[5]*n,t[6]=a[M
6]*n,t[7]=a[7]*n,t[8]=a[8]*n,t[9]=a[9]*n,t[10]=a[10]*n,t[11]=a[11]*n,t[12]=a[12]*n,t[13]=a[13]*n,t[14]=a[14]*n,t[15]=a[15]*n,t},multiplyScalarAndAdd:function(t,a,n,r){return t[0]=a[0]+n[0]*r,t[1]=a[1]+n[1]*r,t[2]=a[2]+n[2]*r,t[3]=a[3]+n[3]*r,t[4]=a[4]+n[4]*r,t[5]=a[5]+n[5]*r,t[6]=a[6]+n[6]*r,t[7]=a[7]+n[7]*r,t[8]=a[8]+n[8]*r,t[9]=a[9]+n[9]*r,t[10]=a[10]+n[10]*r,t[11]=a[11]+n[11]*r,t[12]=a[12]+n[12]*r,t[13]=a[13]+n[13]*r,t[14]=a[14]+n[14]*r,t[15]=a[15]+n[15]*r,t},exactEquals:function(t,a){return t[0]===a[0]&&t[1]===M
a[1]&&t[2]===a[2]&&t[3]===a[3]&&t[4]===a[4]&&t[5]===a[5]&&t[6]===a[6]&&t[7]===a[7]&&t[8]===a[8]&&t[9]===a[9]&&t[10]===a[10]&&t[11]===a[11]&&t[12]===a[12]&&t[13]===a[13]&&t[14]===a[14]&&t[15]===a[15]},equals:function(t,a){var n=t[0],r=t[1],e=t[2],o=t[3],u=t[4],h=t[5],i=t[6],M=t[7],s=t[8],c=t[9],f=t[10],l=t[11],v=t[12],b=t[13],m=t[14],p=t[15],d=a[0],y=a[1],x=a[2],g=a[3],q=a[4],_=a[5],A=a[6],R=a[7],O=a[8],w=a[9],T=a[10],P=a[11],D=a[12],z=a[13],E=a[14],I=a[15];return Math.abs(n-d)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(n),Math.abs(d))M
&&Math.abs(r-y)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(r),Math.abs(y))&&Math.abs(e-x)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(e),Math.abs(x))&&Math.abs(o-g)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(o),Math.abs(g))&&Math.abs(u-q)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(u),Math.abs(q))&&Math.abs(h-_)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(h),Math.abs(_))&&Math.abs(i-A)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(i),Math.abs(A))&&Math.abs(M-R)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(M),Math.abs(R))&&Math.abs(s-O)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(s),Math.abs(O))&&Math.abs(c-w)<=S*Math.max(1,Math.abs(c),Math.abs(w))&&Math.abs(f-T)<=S*Math.max(1,MathM
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text/html;charset=utf-8
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?a(exports):"fuM
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[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=a[4],h=a[5],i=a[6],M=a[7],s=a[8],c=a[9],f=a[10],l=a[11],v=a[12],b=a[13],m=a[14],p=a[15],d=n*h-r*u,y=n*i-e*u,x=n*M-o*u,g=r*i-e*h,q=r*M-o*h,_=e*M-o*i,A=s*b-c*v,R=s*m-f*v,O=s*p-l*v,w=c*m-f*b,T=c*p-l*b,P=f*p-l*m;return t[0]=h*P-i*T+M*w,t[1]=e*T-r*P-o*w,t[2]=b*_-m*q+p*g,t[3]=f*q-c*_-l*g,t[4]=i*O-u*P-M*R,t[5]=n*P-e*O+o*R,t[6]=m*x-v*_-p*y,t[7]=s*_-f*x+l*y,t[8]=u*T-h*O+M*A,t[9]=r*O-n*T-o*A,t[10]=v*q-b*x+p*d,t[11]=c*x-s*q-l*d,t[12]=h*R-u*w-i*A,t[13]=n*w-r*R+e*A,t[14]=b*y-v*g-m*d,t[15]=s*g-c*y+f*d,t},deteM
rminant:function(t){var a=t[0],n=t[1],r=t[2],e=t[3],o=t[4],u=t[5],h=t[6],i=t[7],M=t[8],s=t[9],c=t[10],f=t[11],l=t[12],v=t[13],b=t[14],m=a*u-n*o,p=a*h-r*o,d=n*h-r*u,y=M*v-s*l,x=M*b-c*l,g=s*b-c*v;return i*(a*g-n*x+r*y)-e*(o*g-u*x+h*y)+t[15]*(M*d-s*p+c*m)-f*(l*d-v*p+b*m)},multiply:r,translate:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b=n[0],m=n[1],p=n[2];return a===t?(t[12]=a[0]*b+a[4]*m+a[8]*p+a[12],t[13]=a[1]*b+a[5]*m+a[9]*p+a[13],t[14]=a[2]*b+a[6]*m+a[10]*p+a[14],t[15]=a[3]*b+a[7]*m+a[11]*p+a[15]):(r=a[0],e=a[1],M
o=a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=a[8],f=a[9],l=a[10],v=a[11],t[0]=r,t[1]=e,t[2]=o,t[3]=u,t[4]=h,t[5]=i,t[6]=M,t[7]=s,t[8]=c,t[9]=f,t[10]=l,t[11]=v,t[12]=r*b+h*m+c*p+a[12],t[13]=e*b+i*m+f*p+a[13],t[14]=o*b+M*m+l*p+a[14],t[15]=u*b+s*m+v*p+a[15]),t},scale:function(t,a,n){var r=n[0],e=n[1],o=n[2];return t[0]=a[0]*r,t[1]=a[1]*r,t[2]=a[2]*r,t[3]=a[3]*r,t[4]=a[4]*e,t[5]=a[5]*e,t[6]=a[6]*e,t[7]=a[7]*e,t[8]=a[8]*o,t[9]=a[9]*o,t[10]=a[10]*o,t[11]=a[11]*o,t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15],t},rotate:fuM
nction(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b,m,p,d,y,x,g,q,_,A,R,O,w,T=r[0],P=r[1],D=r[2],z=Math.hypot(T,P,D);return z<S?null:(T*=z=1/z,P*=z,D*=z,e=Math.sin(n),u=1-(o=Math.cos(n)),h=a[0],i=a[1],M=a[2],s=a[3],c=a[4],f=a[5],l=a[6],v=a[7],b=a[8],m=a[9],p=a[10],d=a[11],y=T*T*u+o,x=P*T*u+D*e,g=D*T*u-P*e,q=T*P*u-D*e,_=P*P*u+o,A=D*P*u+T*e,R=T*D*u+P*e,O=P*D*u-T*e,w=D*D*u+o,t[0]=h*y+c*x+b*g,t[1]=i*y+f*x+m*g,t[2]=M*y+l*x+p*g,t[3]=s*y+v*x+d*g,t[4]=h*q+c*_+b*A,t[5]=i*q+f*_+m*A,t[6]=M*q+l*_+p*A,t[7]=s*q+v*_+d*A,t[8]=h*R+c*O+b*w,M
t[9]=i*R+f*O+m*w,t[10]=M*R+l*O+p*w,t[11]=s*R+v*O+d*w,a!==t&&(t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t)},rotateX:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[4],u=a[5],h=a[6],i=a[7],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t[3]=a[3],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[4]=o*e+M*r,t[5]=u*e+s*r,t[6]=h*e+c*r,t[7]=i*e+f*r,t[8]=M*e-o*r,t[9]=s*e-u*r,t[10]=c*e-h*r,t[11]=f*e-i*r,t},rotateY:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=M
a[3],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[4]=a[4],t[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[6],t[7]=a[7],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e-M*r,t[1]=u*e-s*r,t[2]=h*e-c*r,t[3]=i*e-f*r,t[8]=o*r+M*e,t[9]=u*r+s*e,t[10]=h*r+c*e,t[11]=i*r+f*e,t},rotateZ:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[4],s=a[5],c=a[6],f=a[7];return a!==t&&(t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e+M*r,t[1]=u*e+s*r,t[2]=h*e+c*r,t[3]=i*e+f*r,M
t[4]=M*e-o*r,t[5]=s*e-u*r,t[6]=c*e-h*r,t[7]=f*e-i*r,t},fromTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=a[0],t[13]=a[1],t[14]=a[2],t[15]=1,t},fromScaling:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=a[1],t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=a[2],t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotation:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u=n[0],h=n[1],i=n[2],M=Math.hypot(u,h,i);return M<S?null:(u*=M=1/M,h*=M,i*=M,r=Math.sin(a),o=1-(M
e=Math.cos(a)),t[0]=u*u*o+e,t[1]=h*u*o+i*r,t[2]=i*u*o-h*r,t[3]=0,t[4]=u*h*o-i*r,t[5]=h*h*o+e,t[6]=i*h*o+u*r,t[7]=0,t[8]=u*i*o+h*r,t[9]=h*i*o-u*r,t[10]=i*i*o+e,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t)},fromXRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=r,t[6]=n,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=-n,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromYRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=0,t[2]=-n,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]M
=n,t[9]=0,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromZRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=n,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=-n,t[5]=r,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslation:f,fromQuat2:function(t,a){var n=new p(3),r=-a[0],e=-a[1],o=-a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=r*r+e*e+o*o+u*u;return 0<c?(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*o-M*e)/c,n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o)/c,n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)/c):(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*o-M*e),n[1]=2*(M
i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o),n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)),f(t,a,n),t},getTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[12],t[1]=a[13],t[2]=a[14],t},getScaling:d,getRotation:function(t,a){var n=new p(3);d(n,a);var r=1/n[0],e=1/n[1],o=1/n[2],u=a[0]*r,h=a[1]*e,i=a[2]*o,M=a[4]*r,s=a[5]*e,c=a[6]*o,f=a[8]*r,l=a[9]*e,v=a[10]*o,b=u+s+v,m=0;return 0<b?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+b),t[3]=.25*m,t[0]=(c-l)/m,t[1]=(f-i)/m,t[2]=(h-M)/m):s<u&&v<u?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+u-s-v),t[3]=(c-l)/m,t[0]=.25*m,t[1]=(h+M)/m,t[2]=(f+i)/m):v<s?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+s-u-v),t[3]=(f-i)/m,M
t[0]=(h+M)/m,t[1]=.25*m,t[2]=(c+l)/m):(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+v-u-s),t[3]=(h-M)/m,t[0]=(f+i)/m,t[1]=(c+l)/m,t[2]=.25*m),t},decompose:function(t,a,n,r){a[0]=r[12],a[1]=r[13],a[2]=r[14];var e=r[0],o=r[1],u=r[2],h=r[4],i=r[5],M=r[6],s=r[8],c=r[9],f=r[10];n[0]=Math.hypot(e,o,u),n[1]=Math.hypot(h,i,M),n[2]=Math.hypot(s,c,f);var l=1/n[0],v=1/n[1],b=1/n[2],m=e*l,p=o*v,d=u*b,y=h*l,x=i*v,g=M*b,q=s*l,_=c*v,A=f*b,R=m+x+A,O=0;return 0<R?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+R),t[3]=.25*O,t[0]=(g-_)/O,t[1]=(q-d)/O,t[2]=(p-y)/O):x<m&&A<m?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+mM
-x-A),t[3]=(g-_)/O,t[0]=.25*O,t[1]=(p+y)/O,t[2]=(q+d)/O):A<x?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+x-m-A),t[3]=(q-d)/O,t[0]=(p+y)/O,t[1]=.25*O,t[2]=(g+_)/O):(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+A-m-x),t[3]=(p-y)/O,t[0]=(q+d)/O,t[1]=(g+_)/O,t[2]=.25*O),t},fromRotationTranslationScale:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2],h=a[3],i=e+e,M=o+o,s=u+u,c=e*i,f=e*M,l=e*s,v=o*M,b=o*s,m=u*s,p=h*i,d=h*M,y=h*s,x=r[0],g=r[1],q=r[2];return t[0]=(1-(v+m))*x,t[1]=(f+y)*x,t[2]=(l-d)*x,t[3]=0,t[4]=(f-y)*g,t[5]=(1-(c+m))*g,t[6]=(b+p)*g,t[7]=0,t[8]=(l+d)*q,t[9]=(b-p)*q,tM
[10]=(1-(c+v))*q,t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0],t[13]=n[1],t[14]=n[2],t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslationScaleOrigin:function(t,a,n,r,e){var o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=o+o,s=u+u,c=h+h,f=o*M,l=o*s,v=o*c,b=u*s,m=u*c,p=h*c,d=i*M,y=i*s,x=i*c,g=r[0],q=r[1],_=r[2],A=e[0],R=e[1],O=e[2],w=(1-(b+p))*g,T=(l+x)*g,P=(v-y)*g,D=(l-x)*q,z=(1-(f+p))*q,E=(m+d)*q,I=(v+y)*_,S=(m-d)*_,j=(1-(f+b))*_;return t[0]=w,t[1]=T,t[2]=P,t[3]=0,t[4]=D,t[5]=z,t[6]=E,t[7]=0,t[8]=I,t[9]=S,t[10]=j,t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0]+A-(w*A+D*R+I*O),t[13]=n[1]+R-(T*A+z*R+S*O),tM
[14]=n[2]+O-(P*A+E*R+j*O),t[15]=1,t},fromQuat:function(t,a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=n+n,h=r+r,i=e+e,M=n*u,s=r*u,c=r*h,f=e*u,l=e*h,v=e*i,b=o*u,m=o*h,p=o*i;return t[0]=1-c-v,t[1]=s+p,t[2]=f-m,t[3]=0,t[4]=s-p,t[5]=1-M-v,t[6]=l+b,t[7]=0,t[8]=f+m,t[9]=l-b,t[10]=1-M-c,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},frustum:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(n-a),i=1/(e-r),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=2*o*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=2*o*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=(n+a)*h,t[9]=(e+r)*i,t[10]=(u+o)*M,t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[M
14]=u*o*2*M,t[15]=0,t},perspectiveNO:e,perspective:u,perspectiveZO:function(t,a,n,r,e){var o=1/Math.tan(a/2);if(t[0]=o/n,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=o,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[15]=0,null!=e&&e!==1/0){var u=1/(r-e);t[10]=e*u,t[14]=e*r*u}else t[10]=-1,t[14]=-r;return t},perspectiveFromFieldOfView:function(t,a,n,r){var e=Math.tan(a.upDegrees*Math.PI/180),o=Math.tan(a.downDegrees*Math.PI/180),u=Math.tan(a.leftDegrees*Math.PI/180),h=Math.tan(a.rightDegrees*Math.PI/180),i=2/(u+h),M=2/(eM
+o);return t[0]=i,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=M,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=-(u-h)*i*.5,t[9]=(e-o)*M*.5,t[10]=r/(n-r),t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=r*n/(n-r),t[15]=0,t},orthoNO:h,ortho:i,orthoZO:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(a-n),i=1/(r-e),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=-2*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=-2*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=M,t[11]=0,t[12]=(a+n)*h,t[13]=(e+r)*i,t[14]=o*M,t[15]=1,t},lookAt:function(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v=a[0],b=a[1],m=a[2],p=r[0],d=r[1],y=r[2],x=n[0],g=n[1],q=n[2];return MatM
h.abs(v-x)<S&&Math.abs(b-g)<S&&Math.abs(m-q)<S?_(t):(s=v-x,c=b-g,f=m-q,e=d*(f*=l=1/Math.hypot(s,c,f))-y*(c*=l),o=y*(s*=l)-p*f,u=p*c-d*s,(l=Math.hypot(e,o,u))?(e*=l=1/l,o*=l,u*=l):u=o=e=0,h=c*u-f*o,i=f*e-s*u,M=s*o-c*e,(l=Math.hypot(h,i,M))?(h*=l=1/l,i*=l,M*=l):M=i=h=0,t[0]=e,t[1]=h,t[2]=s,t[3]=0,t[4]=o,t[5]=i,t[6]=c,t[7]=0,t[8]=u,t[9]=M,t[10]=f,t[11]=0,t[12]=-(e*v+o*b+u*m),t[13]=-(h*v+i*b+M*m),t[14]=-(s*v+c*b+f*m),t[15]=1,t)},targetTo:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2],h=r[0],i=r[1],M=r[2],s=e-n[0],c=o-n[1],M
f=u-n[2],l=s*s+c*c+f*f;0<l&&(s*=l=1/Math.sqrt(l),c*=l,f*=l);var v=i*f-M*c,b=M*s-h*f,m=h*c-i*s;return 0<(l=v*v+b*b+m*m)&&(v*=l=1/Math.sqrt(l),b*=l,m*=l),t[0]=v,t[1]=b,t[2]=m,t[3]=0,t[4]=c*m-f*b,t[5]=f*v-s*m,t[6]=s*b-c*v,t[7]=0,t[8]=s,t[9]=c,t[10]=f,t[11]=0,t[12]=e,t[13]=o,t[14]=u,t[15]=1,t},str:function(t){return"mat4("+t[0]+", "+t[1]+", "+t[2]+", "+t[3]+", "+t[4]+", "+t[5]+", "+t[6]+", "+t[7]+", "+t[8]+", "+t[9]+", "+t[10]+", "+t[11]+", "+t[12]+", "+t[13]+", "+t[14]+", "+t[15]+")"},frob:function(t){return Math.hypoM
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px; color:lightblue;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof moduM
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n*i-e*u,x=n*M-o*u,g=r*i-e*h,q=r*M-o*h,_=e*M-o*i,A=s*b-c*v,R=s*m-f*v,O=s*p-l*v,w=c*m-f*b,T=c*p-l*b,P=f*p-l*m,D=d*P-y*T+x*w+g*O-q*R+_*A;return D?(D=1/D,t[0]=(h*P-i*T+M*w)*D,t[1]=(e*T-r*P-o*w)*D,t[2]=(b*_-m*q+p*g)*D,t[3]=(f*q-c*_-l*g)*D,t[4]=(i*O-u*P-M*R)*D,t[5]=(n*P-e*O+o*R)*D,t[6]=(m*x-v*_-p*y)*D,t[7]=(s*_-f*x+l*y)*D,t[8]=(u*T-h*O+M*A)*D,t[9]=(r*O-n*T-o*A)*D,t[10]=(v*q-b*x+p*d)*D,t[11]=(c*x-s*q-l*d)*D,t[12]=(h*R-u*w-i*A)*D,t[13]=(n*w-r*R+e*A)*D,t[14]=(b*y-v*g-m*d)*D,t[15]=(s*g-c*y+f*d)*D,t):null},adjoint:function(t,M
a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=a[4],h=a[5],i=a[6],M=a[7],s=a[8],c=a[9],f=a[10],l=a[11],v=a[12],b=a[13],m=a[14],p=a[15],d=n*h-r*u,y=n*i-e*u,x=n*M-o*u,g=r*i-e*h,q=r*M-o*h,_=e*M-o*i,A=s*b-c*v,R=s*m-f*v,O=s*p-l*v,w=c*m-f*b,T=c*p-l*b,P=f*p-l*m;return t[0]=h*P-i*T+M*w,t[1]=e*T-r*P-o*w,t[2]=b*_-m*q+p*g,t[3]=f*q-c*_-l*g,t[4]=i*O-u*P-M*R,t[5]=n*P-e*O+o*R,t[6]=m*x-v*_-p*y,t[7]=s*_-f*x+l*y,t[8]=u*T-h*O+M*A,t[9]=r*O-n*T-o*A,t[10]=v*q-b*x+p*d,t[11]=c*x-s*q-l*d,t[12]=h*R-u*w-i*A,t[13]=n*w-r*R+e*A,t[14]=b*y-v*g-m*d,t[15]=s*M
g-c*y+f*d,t},determinant:function(t){var a=t[0],n=t[1],r=t[2],e=t[3],o=t[4],u=t[5],h=t[6],i=t[7],M=t[8],s=t[9],c=t[10],f=t[11],l=t[12],v=t[13],b=t[14],m=a*u-n*o,p=a*h-r*o,d=n*h-r*u,y=M*v-s*l,x=M*b-c*l,g=s*b-c*v;return i*(a*g-n*x+r*y)-e*(o*g-u*x+h*y)+t[15]*(M*d-s*p+c*m)-f*(l*d-v*p+b*m)},multiply:r,translate:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b=n[0],m=n[1],p=n[2];return a===t?(t[12]=a[0]*b+a[4]*m+a[8]*p+a[12],t[13]=a[1]*b+a[5]*m+a[9]*p+a[13],t[14]=a[2]*b+a[6]*m+a[10]*p+a[14],t[15]=a[3]*b+a[7]*m+a[11]*p+a[15]M
):(r=a[0],e=a[1],o=a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=a[8],f=a[9],l=a[10],v=a[11],t[0]=r,t[1]=e,t[2]=o,t[3]=u,t[4]=h,t[5]=i,t[6]=M,t[7]=s,t[8]=c,t[9]=f,t[10]=l,t[11]=v,t[12]=r*b+h*m+c*p+a[12],t[13]=e*b+i*m+f*p+a[13],t[14]=o*b+M*m+l*p+a[14],t[15]=u*b+s*m+v*p+a[15]),t},scale:function(t,a,n){var r=n[0],e=n[1],o=n[2];return t[0]=a[0]*r,t[1]=a[1]*r,t[2]=a[2]*r,t[3]=a[3]*r,t[4]=a[4]*e,t[5]=a[5]*e,t[6]=a[6]*e,t[7]=a[7]*e,t[8]=a[8]*o,t[9]=a[9]*o,t[10]=a[10]*o,t[11]=a[11]*o,t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=aM
[15],t},rotate:function(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b,m,p,d,y,x,g,q,_,A,R,O,w,T=r[0],P=r[1],D=r[2],z=Math.hypot(T,P,D);return z<S?null:(T*=z=1/z,P*=z,D*=z,e=Math.sin(n),u=1-(o=Math.cos(n)),h=a[0],i=a[1],M=a[2],s=a[3],c=a[4],f=a[5],l=a[6],v=a[7],b=a[8],m=a[9],p=a[10],d=a[11],y=T*T*u+o,x=P*T*u+D*e,g=D*T*u-P*e,q=T*P*u-D*e,_=P*P*u+o,A=D*P*u+T*e,R=T*D*u+P*e,O=P*D*u-T*e,w=D*D*u+o,t[0]=h*y+c*x+b*g,t[1]=i*y+f*x+m*g,t[2]=M*y+l*x+p*g,t[3]=s*y+v*x+d*g,t[4]=h*q+c*_+b*A,t[5]=i*q+f*_+m*A,t[6]=M*q+l*_+p*A,t[7]=s*q+v*_+d*A,M
t[8]=h*R+c*O+b*w,t[9]=i*R+f*O+m*w,t[10]=M*R+l*O+p*w,t[11]=s*R+v*O+d*w,a!==t&&(t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t)},rotateX:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[4],u=a[5],h=a[6],i=a[7],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t[3]=a[3],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[4]=o*e+M*r,t[5]=u*e+s*r,t[6]=h*e+c*r,t[7]=i*e+f*r,t[8]=M*e-o*r,t[9]=s*e-u*r,t[10]=c*e-h*r,t[11]=f*e-i*r,t},rotateY:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0]M
,u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[4]=a[4],t[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[6],t[7]=a[7],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e-M*r,t[1]=u*e-s*r,t[2]=h*e-c*r,t[3]=i*e-f*r,t[8]=o*r+M*e,t[9]=u*r+s*e,t[10]=h*r+c*e,t[11]=i*r+f*e,t},rotateZ:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[4],s=a[5],c=a[6],f=a[7];return a!==t&&(t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e+M*r,t[1]=u*e+s*r,t[2]=h*e+M
c*r,t[3]=i*e+f*r,t[4]=M*e-o*r,t[5]=s*e-u*r,t[6]=c*e-h*r,t[7]=f*e-i*r,t},fromTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=a[0],t[13]=a[1],t[14]=a[2],t[15]=1,t},fromScaling:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=a[1],t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=a[2],t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotation:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u=n[0],h=n[1],i=n[2],M=Math.hypot(u,h,i);return M<S?null:(u*=M=1/M,h*=M,i*=M,r=M
Math.sin(a),o=1-(e=Math.cos(a)),t[0]=u*u*o+e,t[1]=h*u*o+i*r,t[2]=i*u*o-h*r,t[3]=0,t[4]=u*h*o-i*r,t[5]=h*h*o+e,t[6]=i*h*o+u*r,t[7]=0,t[8]=u*i*o+h*r,t[9]=h*i*o-u*r,t[10]=i*i*o+e,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t)},fromXRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=r,t[6]=n,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=-n,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromYRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=0,t[2]=-n,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,tM
[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=n,t[9]=0,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromZRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=n,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=-n,t[5]=r,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslation:f,fromQuat2:function(t,a){var n=new p(3),r=-a[0],e=-a[1],o=-a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=r*r+e*e+o*o+u*u;return 0<c?(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*o-M*e)/c,n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o)/c,n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)/c):(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+M
i*o-M*e),n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o),n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)),f(t,a,n),t},getTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[12],t[1]=a[13],t[2]=a[14],t},getScaling:d,getRotation:function(t,a){var n=new p(3);d(n,a);var r=1/n[0],e=1/n[1],o=1/n[2],u=a[0]*r,h=a[1]*e,i=a[2]*o,M=a[4]*r,s=a[5]*e,c=a[6]*o,f=a[8]*r,l=a[9]*e,v=a[10]*o,b=u+s+v,m=0;return 0<b?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+b),t[3]=.25*m,t[0]=(c-l)/m,t[1]=(f-i)/m,t[2]=(h-M)/m):s<u&&v<u?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+u-s-v),t[3]=(c-l)/m,t[0]=.25*m,t[1]=(h+M)/m,t[2]=(f+i)/m):v<s?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+s-uM
-v),t[3]=(f-i)/m,t[0]=(h+M)/m,t[1]=.25*m,t[2]=(c+l)/m):(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+v-u-s),t[3]=(h-M)/m,t[0]=(f+i)/m,t[1]=(c+l)/m,t[2]=.25*m),t},decompose:function(t,a,n,r){a[0]=r[12],a[1]=r[13],a[2]=r[14];var e=r[0],o=r[1],u=r[2],h=r[4],i=r[5],M=r[6],s=r[8],c=r[9],f=r[10];n[0]=Math.hypot(e,o,u),n[1]=Math.hypot(h,i,M),n[2]=Math.hypot(s,c,f);var l=1/n[0],v=1/n[1],b=1/n[2],m=e*l,p=o*v,d=u*b,y=h*l,x=i*v,g=M*b,q=s*l,_=c*v,A=f*b,R=m+x+A,O=0;return 0<R?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+R),t[3]=.25*O,t[0]=(g-_)/O,t[1]=(q-d)/O,t[2]=(p-y)/O):x<m&&A<m?(M
O=2*Math.sqrt(1+m-x-A),t[3]=(g-_)/O,t[0]=.25*O,t[1]=(p+y)/O,t[2]=(q+d)/O):A<x?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+x-m-A),t[3]=(q-d)/O,t[0]=(p+y)/O,t[1]=.25*O,t[2]=(g+_)/O):(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+A-m-x),t[3]=(p-y)/O,t[0]=(q+d)/O,t[1]=(g+_)/O,t[2]=.25*O),t},fromRotationTranslationScale:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2],h=a[3],i=e+e,M=o+o,s=u+u,c=e*i,f=e*M,l=e*s,v=o*M,b=o*s,m=u*s,p=h*i,d=h*M,y=h*s,x=r[0],g=r[1],q=r[2];return t[0]=(1-(v+m))*x,t[1]=(f+y)*x,t[2]=(l-d)*x,t[3]=0,t[4]=(f-y)*g,t[5]=(1-(c+m))*g,t[6]=(b+p)*g,t[7]=0,t[8]=(l+d)M
*q,t[9]=(b-p)*q,t[10]=(1-(c+v))*q,t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0],t[13]=n[1],t[14]=n[2],t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslationScaleOrigin:function(t,a,n,r,e){var o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=o+o,s=u+u,c=h+h,f=o*M,l=o*s,v=o*c,b=u*s,m=u*c,p=h*c,d=i*M,y=i*s,x=i*c,g=r[0],q=r[1],_=r[2],A=e[0],R=e[1],O=e[2],w=(1-(b+p))*g,T=(l+x)*g,P=(v-y)*g,D=(l-x)*q,z=(1-(f+p))*q,E=(m+d)*q,I=(v+y)*_,S=(m-d)*_,j=(1-(f+b))*_;return t[0]=w,t[1]=T,t[2]=P,t[3]=0,t[4]=D,t[5]=z,t[6]=E,t[7]=0,t[8]=I,t[9]=S,t[10]=j,t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0]+A-(w*A+D*R+I*O),t[13]=n[1]+M
R-(T*A+z*R+S*O),t[14]=n[2]+O-(P*A+E*R+j*O),t[15]=1,t},fromQuat:function(t,a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=n+n,h=r+r,i=e+e,M=n*u,s=r*u,c=r*h,f=e*u,l=e*h,v=e*i,b=o*u,m=o*h,p=o*i;return t[0]=1-c-v,t[1]=s+p,t[2]=f-m,t[3]=0,t[4]=s-p,t[5]=1-M-v,t[6]=l+b,t[7]=0,t[8]=f+m,t[9]=l-b,t[10]=1-M-c,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},frustum:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(n-a),i=1/(e-r),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=2*o*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=2*o*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=(n+a)*h,t[9]=(e+r)*i,t[10]=(u+o)*M,t[11]=-1,tM
[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=u*o*2*M,t[15]=0,t},perspectiveNO:e,perspective:u,perspectiveZO:function(t,a,n,r,e){var o=1/Math.tan(a/2);if(t[0]=o/n,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=o,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[15]=0,null!=e&&e!==1/0){var u=1/(r-e);t[10]=e*u,t[14]=e*r*u}else t[10]=-1,t[14]=-r;return t},perspectiveFromFieldOfView:function(t,a,n,r){var e=Math.tan(a.upDegrees*Math.PI/180),o=Math.tan(a.downDegrees*Math.PI/180),u=Math.tan(a.leftDegrees*Math.PI/180),h=Math.tan(a.rightDegrees*Math.PI/180)M
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px; color:darkgray;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof modulM
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}var s=r,c=M,l=Object.freeze({__proto__:null,create:function(){var t=new p(16);return p!=Float32Array&&(t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0),t[0]=1,t[5]=1,t[10]=1,t[15]=1,t},clone:function(t){var a=new p(16);return a[0]=t[0],a[1]=t[1],a[2]=t[2],a[3]=t[3],a[4]=t[4],a[5]=t[5],a[6]=t[6],a[7]=t[7],a[8]=t[8],a[9]=t[9],a[10]=t[10],a[11]=t[11],a[12]=t[12],a[13]=t[13],a[14]=t[14],a[15]=t[15],a},copy:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t[3]=a[3],t[4]=a[4],t[M
5]=a[5],t[6]=a[6],t[7]=a[7],t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15],t},fromValues:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b){var m=new p(16);return m[0]=t,m[1]=a,m[2]=n,m[3]=r,m[4]=e,m[5]=o,m[6]=u,m[7]=h,m[8]=i,m[9]=M,m[10]=s,m[11]=c,m[12]=f,m[13]=l,m[14]=v,m[15]=b,m},set:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b,m){return t[0]=a,t[1]=n,t[2]=r,t[3]=e,t[4]=o,t[5]=u,t[6]=h,t[7]=i,t[8]=M,t[9]=s,t[10]=c,t[11]=f,t[12]=l,t[13]=v,t[14]=b,t[15]=m,t},identity:_,transpose:funM
ction(t,a){if(t===a){var n=a[1],r=a[2],e=a[3],o=a[6],u=a[7],h=a[11];t[1]=a[4],t[2]=a[8],t[3]=a[12],t[4]=n,t[6]=a[9],t[7]=a[13],t[8]=r,t[9]=o,t[11]=a[14],t[12]=e,t[13]=u,t[14]=h}else t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[4],t[2]=a[8],t[3]=a[12],t[4]=a[1],t[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[9],t[7]=a[13],t[8]=a[2],t[9]=a[6],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[14],t[12]=a[3],t[13]=a[7],t[14]=a[11],t[15]=a[15];return t},invert:function(t,a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=a[4],h=a[5],i=a[6],M=a[7],s=a[8],c=a[9],f=a[10],l=a[11],v=a[12],b=a[13],m=a[14],p=a[15],d=n*h-r*u,y=nM
*i-e*u,x=n*M-o*u,g=r*i-e*h,q=r*M-o*h,_=e*M-o*i,A=s*b-c*v,R=s*m-f*v,O=s*p-l*v,w=c*m-f*b,T=c*p-l*b,P=f*p-l*m,D=d*P-y*T+x*w+g*O-q*R+_*A;return D?(D=1/D,t[0]=(h*P-i*T+M*w)*D,t[1]=(e*T-r*P-o*w)*D,t[2]=(b*_-m*q+p*g)*D,t[3]=(f*q-c*_-l*g)*D,t[4]=(i*O-u*P-M*R)*D,t[5]=(n*P-e*O+o*R)*D,t[6]=(m*x-v*_-p*y)*D,t[7]=(s*_-f*x+l*y)*D,t[8]=(u*T-h*O+M*A)*D,t[9]=(r*O-n*T-o*A)*D,t[10]=(v*q-b*x+p*d)*D,t[11]=(c*x-s*q-l*d)*D,t[12]=(h*R-u*w-i*A)*D,t[13]=(n*w-r*R+e*A)*D,t[14]=(b*y-v*g-m*d)*D,t[15]=(s*g-c*y+f*d)*D,t):null},adjoint:function(t,aM
){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=a[4],h=a[5],i=a[6],M=a[7],s=a[8],c=a[9],f=a[10],l=a[11],v=a[12],b=a[13],m=a[14],p=a[15],d=n*h-r*u,y=n*i-e*u,x=n*M-o*u,g=r*i-e*h,q=r*M-o*h,_=e*M-o*i,A=s*b-c*v,R=s*m-f*v,O=s*p-l*v,w=c*m-f*b,T=c*p-l*b,P=f*p-l*m;return t[0]=h*P-i*T+M*w,t[1]=e*T-r*P-o*w,t[2]=b*_-m*q+p*g,t[3]=f*q-c*_-l*g,t[4]=i*O-u*P-M*R,t[5]=n*P-e*O+o*R,t[6]=m*x-v*_-p*y,t[7]=s*_-f*x+l*y,t[8]=u*T-h*O+M*A,t[9]=r*O-n*T-o*A,t[10]=v*q-b*x+p*d,t[11]=c*x-s*q-l*d,t[12]=h*R-u*w-i*A,t[13]=n*w-r*R+e*A,t[14]=b*y-v*g-m*d,t[15]=s*gM
-c*y+f*d,t},determinant:function(t){var a=t[0],n=t[1],r=t[2],e=t[3],o=t[4],u=t[5],h=t[6],i=t[7],M=t[8],s=t[9],c=t[10],f=t[11],l=t[12],v=t[13],b=t[14],m=a*u-n*o,p=a*h-r*o,d=n*h-r*u,y=M*v-s*l,x=M*b-c*l,g=s*b-c*v;return i*(a*g-n*x+r*y)-e*(o*g-u*x+h*y)+t[15]*(M*d-s*p+c*m)-f*(l*d-v*p+b*m)},multiply:r,translate:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b=n[0],m=n[1],p=n[2];return a===t?(t[12]=a[0]*b+a[4]*m+a[8]*p+a[12],t[13]=a[1]*b+a[5]*m+a[9]*p+a[13],t[14]=a[2]*b+a[6]*m+a[10]*p+a[14],t[15]=a[3]*b+a[7]*m+a[11]*p+a[15])M
:(r=a[0],e=a[1],o=a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=a[8],f=a[9],l=a[10],v=a[11],t[0]=r,t[1]=e,t[2]=o,t[3]=u,t[4]=h,t[5]=i,t[6]=M,t[7]=s,t[8]=c,t[9]=f,t[10]=l,t[11]=v,t[12]=r*b+h*m+c*p+a[12],t[13]=e*b+i*m+f*p+a[13],t[14]=o*b+M*m+l*p+a[14],t[15]=u*b+s*m+v*p+a[15]),t},scale:function(t,a,n){var r=n[0],e=n[1],o=n[2];return t[0]=a[0]*r,t[1]=a[1]*r,t[2]=a[2]*r,t[3]=a[3]*r,t[4]=a[4]*e,t[5]=a[5]*e,t[6]=a[6]*e,t[7]=a[7]*e,t[8]=a[8]*o,t[9]=a[9]*o,t[10]=a[10]*o,t[11]=a[11]*o,t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[M
15],t},rotate:function(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b,m,p,d,y,x,g,q,_,A,R,O,w,T=r[0],P=r[1],D=r[2],z=Math.hypot(T,P,D);return z<S?null:(T*=z=1/z,P*=z,D*=z,e=Math.sin(n),u=1-(o=Math.cos(n)),h=a[0],i=a[1],M=a[2],s=a[3],c=a[4],f=a[5],l=a[6],v=a[7],b=a[8],m=a[9],p=a[10],d=a[11],y=T*T*u+o,x=P*T*u+D*e,g=D*T*u-P*e,q=T*P*u-D*e,_=P*P*u+o,A=D*P*u+T*e,R=T*D*u+P*e,O=P*D*u-T*e,w=D*D*u+o,t[0]=h*y+c*x+b*g,t[1]=i*y+f*x+m*g,t[2]=M*y+l*x+p*g,t[3]=s*y+v*x+d*g,t[4]=h*q+c*_+b*A,t[5]=i*q+f*_+m*A,t[6]=M*q+l*_+p*A,t[7]=s*q+v*_+d*A,tM
[8]=h*R+c*O+b*w,t[9]=i*R+f*O+m*w,t[10]=M*R+l*O+p*w,t[11]=s*R+v*O+d*w,a!==t&&(t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t)},rotateX:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[4],u=a[5],h=a[6],i=a[7],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t[3]=a[3],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[4]=o*e+M*r,t[5]=u*e+s*r,t[6]=h*e+c*r,t[7]=i*e+f*r,t[8]=M*e-o*r,t[9]=s*e-u*r,t[10]=c*e-h*r,t[11]=f*e-i*r,t},rotateY:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],M
u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[4]=a[4],t[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[6],t[7]=a[7],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e-M*r,t[1]=u*e-s*r,t[2]=h*e-c*r,t[3]=i*e-f*r,t[8]=o*r+M*e,t[9]=u*r+s*e,t[10]=h*r+c*e,t[11]=i*r+f*e,t},rotateZ:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[4],s=a[5],c=a[6],f=a[7];return a!==t&&(t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e+M*r,t[1]=u*e+s*r,t[2]=h*e+cM
*r,t[3]=i*e+f*r,t[4]=M*e-o*r,t[5]=s*e-u*r,t[6]=c*e-h*r,t[7]=f*e-i*r,t},fromTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=a[0],t[13]=a[1],t[14]=a[2],t[15]=1,t},fromScaling:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=a[1],t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=a[2],t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotation:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u=n[0],h=n[1],i=n[2],M=Math.hypot(u,h,i);return M<S?null:(u*=M=1/M,h*=M,i*=M,r=MM
ath.sin(a),o=1-(e=Math.cos(a)),t[0]=u*u*o+e,t[1]=h*u*o+i*r,t[2]=i*u*o-h*r,t[3]=0,t[4]=u*h*o-i*r,t[5]=h*h*o+e,t[6]=i*h*o+u*r,t[7]=0,t[8]=u*i*o+h*r,t[9]=h*i*o-u*r,t[10]=i*i*o+e,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t)},fromXRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=r,t[6]=n,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=-n,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromYRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=0,t[2]=-n,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[M
6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=n,t[9]=0,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromZRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=n,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=-n,t[5]=r,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslation:f,fromQuat2:function(t,a){var n=new p(3),r=-a[0],e=-a[1],o=-a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=r*r+e*e+o*o+u*u;return 0<c?(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*o-M*e)/c,n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o)/c,n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)/c):(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+iM
*o-M*e),n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o),n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)),f(t,a,n),t},getTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[12],t[1]=a[13],t[2]=a[14],t},getScaling:d,getRotation:function(t,a){var n=new p(3);d(n,a);var r=1/n[0],e=1/n[1],o=1/n[2],u=a[0]*r,h=a[1]*e,i=a[2]*o,M=a[4]*r,s=a[5]*e,c=a[6]*o,f=a[8]*r,l=a[9]*e,v=a[10]*o,b=u+s+v,m=0;return 0<b?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+b),t[3]=.25*m,t[0]=(c-l)/m,t[1]=(f-i)/m,t[2]=(h-M)/m):s<u&&v<u?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+u-s-v),t[3]=(c-l)/m,t[0]=.25*m,t[1]=(h+M)/m,t[2]=(f+i)/m):v<s?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+s-u-M
v),t[3]=(f-i)/m,t[0]=(h+M)/m,t[1]=.25*m,t[2]=(c+l)/m):(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+v-u-s),t[3]=(h-M)/m,t[0]=(f+i)/m,t[1]=(c+l)/m,t[2]=.25*m),t},decompose:function(t,a,n,r){a[0]=r[12],a[1]=r[13],a[2]=r[14];var e=r[0],o=r[1],u=r[2],h=r[4],i=r[5],M=r[6],s=r[8],c=r[9],f=r[10];n[0]=Math.hypot(e,o,u),n[1]=Math.hypot(h,i,M),n[2]=Math.hypot(s,c,f);var l=1/n[0],v=1/n[1],b=1/n[2],m=e*l,p=o*v,d=u*b,y=h*l,x=i*v,g=M*b,q=s*l,_=c*v,A=f*b,R=m+x+A,O=0;return 0<R?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+R),t[3]=.25*O,t[0]=(g-_)/O,t[1]=(q-d)/O,t[2]=(p-y)/O):x<m&&A<m?(OM
=2*Math.sqrt(1+m-x-A),t[3]=(g-_)/O,t[0]=.25*O,t[1]=(p+y)/O,t[2]=(q+d)/O):A<x?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+x-m-A),t[3]=(q-d)/O,t[0]=(p+y)/O,t[1]=.25*O,t[2]=(g+_)/O):(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+A-m-x),t[3]=(p-y)/O,t[0]=(q+d)/O,t[1]=(g+_)/O,t[2]=.25*O),t},fromRotationTranslationScale:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2],h=a[3],i=e+e,M=o+o,s=u+u,c=e*i,f=e*M,l=e*s,v=o*M,b=o*s,m=u*s,p=h*i,d=h*M,y=h*s,x=r[0],g=r[1],q=r[2];return t[0]=(1-(v+m))*x,t[1]=(f+y)*x,t[2]=(l-d)*x,t[3]=0,t[4]=(f-y)*g,t[5]=(1-(c+m))*g,t[6]=(b+p)*g,t[7]=0,t[8]=(l+d)*M
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?a(exports):"fuM
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=n[6],q=n[7],t[4]=y*r+x*h+g*c+q*b,t[5]=y*e+x*i+g*f+q*m,t[6]=y*o+x*M+g*l+q*p,t[7]=y*u+x*s+g*v+q*d,y=n[8],x=n[9],g=n[10],q=n[11],t[8]=y*r+x*h+g*c+q*b,t[9]=y*e+x*i+g*f+q*m,t[10]=y*o+x*M+g*l+q*p,t[11]=y*u+x*s+g*v+q*d,y=n[12],x=n[13],g=n[14],q=n[15],t[12]=y*r+x*h+g*c+q*b,t[13]=y*e+x*i+g*f+q*m,t[14]=y*o+x*M+g*l+q*p,t[15]=y*u+x*s+g*v+q*d,t}function f(t,a,n){var r=a[0],e=a[1],o=a[2],u=a[3],h=r+r,i=e+e,M=o+o,s=r*h,c=r*i,f=r*M,l=e*i,v=e*M,b=o*M,m=u*h,p=u*i,d=u*M;return t[0]=1-(l+b),t[1]=c+d,t[2]=f-p,t[3]=0,t[4]=c-d,t[5]=1-(sM
+b),t[6]=v+m,t[7]=0,t[8]=f+p,t[9]=v-m,t[10]=1-(s+l),t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0],t[13]=n[1],t[14]=n[2],t[15]=1,t}function d(t,a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[4],u=a[5],h=a[6],i=a[8],M=a[9],s=a[10];return t[0]=Math.hypot(n,r,e),t[1]=Math.hypot(o,u,h),t[2]=Math.hypot(i,M,s),t}function e(t,a,n,r,e){var o=1/Math.tan(a/2);if(t[0]=o/n,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=o,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[15]=0,null!=e&&e!==1/0){var u=1/(r-e);t[10]=(e+r)*u,t[14]=2*e*r*u}else t[10]=-1,t[14]=-2*r;return t}var u=e;fM
unction h(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(a-n),i=1/(r-e),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=-2*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=-2*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=2*M,t[11]=0,t[12]=(a+n)*h,t[13]=(e+r)*i,t[14]=(u+o)*M,t[15]=1,t}var i=h;function M(t,a,n){return t[0]=a[0]-n[0],t[1]=a[1]-n[1],t[2]=a[2]-n[2],t[3]=a[3]-n[3],t[4]=a[4]-n[4],t[5]=a[5]-n[5],t[6]=a[6]-n[6],t[7]=a[7]-n[7],t[8]=a[8]-n[8],t[9]=a[9]-n[9],t[10]=a[10]-n[10],t[11]=a[11]-n[11],t[12]=a[12]-n[12],t[13]=a[13]-n[13],t[14]=a[14]-n[14],t[15]=a[15]-n[15],t}var s=r,c=M,l=OM
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rminant:function(t){var a=t[0],n=t[1],r=t[2],e=t[3],o=t[4],u=t[5],h=t[6],i=t[7],M=t[8],s=t[9],c=t[10],f=t[11],l=t[12],v=t[13],b=t[14],m=a*u-n*o,p=a*h-r*o,d=n*h-r*u,y=M*v-s*l,x=M*b-c*l,g=s*b-c*v;return i*(a*g-n*x+r*y)-e*(o*g-u*x+h*y)+t[15]*(M*d-s*p+c*m)-f*(l*d-v*p+b*m)},multiply:r,translate:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b=n[0],m=n[1],p=n[2];return a===t?(t[12]=a[0]*b+a[4]*m+a[8]*p+a[12],t[13]=a[1]*b+a[5]*m+a[9]*p+a[13],t[14]=a[2]*b+a[6]*m+a[10]*p+a[14],t[15]=a[3]*b+a[7]*m+a[11]*p+a[15]):(r=a[0],e=a[1],M
o=a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=a[8],f=a[9],l=a[10],v=a[11],t[0]=r,t[1]=e,t[2]=o,t[3]=u,t[4]=h,t[5]=i,t[6]=M,t[7]=s,t[8]=c,t[9]=f,t[10]=l,t[11]=v,t[12]=r*b+h*m+c*p+a[12],t[13]=e*b+i*m+f*p+a[13],t[14]=o*b+M*m+l*p+a[14],t[15]=u*b+s*m+v*p+a[15]),t},scale:function(t,a,n){var r=n[0],e=n[1],o=n[2];return t[0]=a[0]*r,t[1]=a[1]*r,t[2]=a[2]*r,t[3]=a[3]*r,t[4]=a[4]*e,t[5]=a[5]*e,t[6]=a[6]*e,t[7]=a[7]*e,t[8]=a[8]*o,t[9]=a[9]*o,t[10]=a[10]*o,t[11]=a[11]*o,t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15],t},rotate:fuM
nction(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b,m,p,d,y,x,g,q,_,A,R,O,w,T=r[0],P=r[1],D=r[2],z=Math.hypot(T,P,D);return z<S?null:(T*=z=1/z,P*=z,D*=z,e=Math.sin(n),u=1-(o=Math.cos(n)),h=a[0],i=a[1],M=a[2],s=a[3],c=a[4],f=a[5],l=a[6],v=a[7],b=a[8],m=a[9],p=a[10],d=a[11],y=T*T*u+o,x=P*T*u+D*e,g=D*T*u-P*e,q=T*P*u-D*e,_=P*P*u+o,A=D*P*u+T*e,R=T*D*u+P*e,O=P*D*u-T*e,w=D*D*u+o,t[0]=h*y+c*x+b*g,t[1]=i*y+f*x+m*g,t[2]=M*y+l*x+p*g,t[3]=s*y+v*x+d*g,t[4]=h*q+c*_+b*A,t[5]=i*q+f*_+m*A,t[6]=M*q+l*_+p*A,t[7]=s*q+v*_+d*A,t[8]=h*R+c*O+b*w,M
t[9]=i*R+f*O+m*w,t[10]=M*R+l*O+p*w,t[11]=s*R+v*O+d*w,a!==t&&(t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t)},rotateX:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[4],u=a[5],h=a[6],i=a[7],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t[3]=a[3],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[4]=o*e+M*r,t[5]=u*e+s*r,t[6]=h*e+c*r,t[7]=i*e+f*r,t[8]=M*e-o*r,t[9]=s*e-u*r,t[10]=c*e-h*r,t[11]=f*e-i*r,t},rotateY:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=M
a[3],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[4]=a[4],t[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[6],t[7]=a[7],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e-M*r,t[1]=u*e-s*r,t[2]=h*e-c*r,t[3]=i*e-f*r,t[8]=o*r+M*e,t[9]=u*r+s*e,t[10]=h*r+c*e,t[11]=i*r+f*e,t},rotateZ:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[4],s=a[5],c=a[6],f=a[7];return a!==t&&(t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e+M*r,t[1]=u*e+s*r,t[2]=h*e+c*r,t[3]=i*e+f*r,M
t[4]=M*e-o*r,t[5]=s*e-u*r,t[6]=c*e-h*r,t[7]=f*e-i*r,t},fromTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=a[0],t[13]=a[1],t[14]=a[2],t[15]=1,t},fromScaling:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=a[1],t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=a[2],t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotation:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u=n[0],h=n[1],i=n[2],M=Math.hypot(u,h,i);return M<S?null:(u*=M=1/M,h*=M,i*=M,r=Math.sin(a),o=1-(M
e=Math.cos(a)),t[0]=u*u*o+e,t[1]=h*u*o+i*r,t[2]=i*u*o-h*r,t[3]=0,t[4]=u*h*o-i*r,t[5]=h*h*o+e,t[6]=i*h*o+u*r,t[7]=0,t[8]=u*i*o+h*r,t[9]=h*i*o-u*r,t[10]=i*i*o+e,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t)},fromXRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=r,t[6]=n,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=-n,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromYRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=0,t[2]=-n,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]M
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i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o),n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)),f(t,a,n),t},getTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[12],t[1]=a[13],t[2]=a[14],t},getScaling:d,getRotation:function(t,a){var n=new p(3);d(n,a);var r=1/n[0],e=1/n[1],o=1/n[2],u=a[0]*r,h=a[1]*e,i=a[2]*o,M=a[4]*r,s=a[5]*e,c=a[6]*o,f=a[8]*r,l=a[9]*e,v=a[10]*o,b=u+s+v,m=0;return 0<b?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+b),t[3]=.25*m,t[0]=(c-l)/m,t[1]=(f-i)/m,t[2]=(h-M)/m):s<u&&v<u?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+u-s-v),t[3]=(c-l)/m,t[0]=.25*m,t[1]=(h+M)/m,t[2]=(f+i)/m):v<s?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+s-u-v),t[3]=(f-i)/m,M
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px; color:darkgray;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof modulM
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15],t},rotate:function(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b,m,p,d,y,x,g,q,_,A,R,O,w,T=r[0],P=r[1],D=r[2],z=Math.hypot(T,P,D);return z<S?null:(T*=z=1/z,P*=z,D*=z,e=Math.sin(n),u=1-(o=Math.cos(n)),h=a[0],i=a[1],M=a[2],s=a[3],c=a[4],f=a[5],l=a[6],v=a[7],b=a[8],m=a[9],p=a[10],d=a[11],y=T*T*u+o,x=P*T*u+D*e,g=D*T*u-P*e,q=T*P*u-D*e,_=P*P*u+o,A=D*P*u+T*e,R=T*D*u+P*e,O=P*D*u-T*e,w=D*D*u+o,t[0]=h*y+c*x+b*g,t[1]=i*y+f*x+m*g,t[2]=M*y+l*x+p*g,t[3]=s*y+v*x+d*g,t[4]=h*q+c*_+b*A,t[5]=i*q+f*_+m*A,t[6]=M*q+l*_+p*A,t[7]=s*q+v*_+d*A,tM
[8]=h*R+c*O+b*w,t[9]=i*R+f*O+m*w,t[10]=M*R+l*O+p*w,t[11]=s*R+v*O+d*w,a!==t&&(t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t)},rotateX:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[4],u=a[5],h=a[6],i=a[7],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t[3]=a[3],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[4]=o*e+M*r,t[5]=u*e+s*r,t[6]=h*e+c*r,t[7]=i*e+f*r,t[8]=M*e-o*r,t[9]=s*e-u*r,t[10]=c*e-h*r,t[11]=f*e-i*r,t},rotateY:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],M
u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[4]=a[4],t[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[6],t[7]=a[7],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e-M*r,t[1]=u*e-s*r,t[2]=h*e-c*r,t[3]=i*e-f*r,t[8]=o*r+M*e,t[9]=u*r+s*e,t[10]=h*r+c*e,t[11]=i*r+f*e,t},rotateZ:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[4],s=a[5],c=a[6],f=a[7];return a!==t&&(t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e+M*r,t[1]=u*e+s*r,t[2]=h*e+cM
*r,t[3]=i*e+f*r,t[4]=M*e-o*r,t[5]=s*e-u*r,t[6]=c*e-h*r,t[7]=f*e-i*r,t},fromTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=a[0],t[13]=a[1],t[14]=a[2],t[15]=1,t},fromScaling:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=a[1],t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=a[2],t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotation:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u=n[0],h=n[1],i=n[2],M=Math.hypot(u,h,i);return M<S?null:(u*=M=1/M,h*=M,i*=M,r=MM
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px; color:darkgray;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof modulM
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text/html;charset=utf-8
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?a(exports):"fuM
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text/html;charset=utf-8
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px; color:lightblue;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof moduM
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text/html;charset=utf-8
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px; font-weight: 700;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof modM
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u-v),t[3]=(f-i)/m,t[0]=(h+M)/m,t[1]=.25*m,t[2]=(c+l)/m):(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+v-u-s),t[3]=(h-M)/m,t[0]=(f+i)/m,t[1]=(c+l)/m,t[2]=.25*m),t},decompose:function(t,a,n,r){a[0]=r[12],a[1]=r[13],a[2]=r[14];var e=r[0],o=r[1],u=r[2],h=r[4],i=r[5],M=r[6],s=r[8],c=r[9],f=r[10];n[0]=Math.hypot(e,o,u),n[1]=Math.hypot(h,i,M),n[2]=Math.hypot(s,c,f);var l=1/n[0],v=1/n[1],b=1/n[2],m=e*l,p=o*v,d=u*b,y=h*l,x=i*v,g=M*b,q=s*l,_=c*v,A=f*b,R=m+x+A,O=0;return 0<R?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+R),t[3]=.25*O,t[0]=(g-_)/O,t[1]=(q-d)/O,t[2]=(p-y)/O):x<m&&A<m?M
(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+m-x-A),t[3]=(g-_)/O,t[0]=.25*O,t[1]=(p+y)/O,t[2]=(q+d)/O):A<x?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+x-m-A),t[3]=(q-d)/O,t[0]=(p+y)/O,t[1]=.25*O,t[2]=(g+_)/O):(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+A-m-x),t[3]=(p-y)/O,t[0]=(q+d)/O,t[1]=(g+_)/O,t[2]=.25*O),t},fromRotationTranslationScale:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2],h=a[3],i=e+e,M=o+o,s=u+u,c=e*i,f=e*M,l=e*s,v=o*M,b=o*s,m=u*s,p=h*i,d=h*M,y=h*s,x=r[0],g=r[1],q=r[2];return t[0]=(1-(v+m))*x,t[1]=(f+y)*x,t[2]=(l-d)*x,t[3]=0,t[4]=(f-y)*g,t[5]=(1-(c+m))*g,t[6]=(b+p)*g,t[7]=0,t[8]=(l+dM
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+R-(T*A+z*R+S*O),t[14]=n[2]+O-(P*A+E*R+j*O),t[15]=1,t},fromQuat:function(t,a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=n+n,h=r+r,i=e+e,M=n*u,s=r*u,c=r*h,f=e*u,l=e*h,v=e*i,b=o*u,m=o*h,p=o*i;return t[0]=1-c-v,t[1]=s+p,t[2]=f-m,t[3]=0,t[4]=s-p,t[5]=1-M-v,t[6]=l+b,t[7]=0,t[8]=f+m,t[9]=l-b,t[10]=1-M-c,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},frustum:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(n-a),i=1/(e-r),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=2*o*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=2*o*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=(n+a)*h,t[9]=(e+r)*i,t[10]=(u+o)*M,t[11]=-1,M
t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=u*o*2*M,t[15]=0,t},perspectiveNO:e,perspective:u,perspectiveZO:function(t,a,n,r,e){var o=1/Math.tan(a/2);if(t[0]=o/n,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=o,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[15]=0,null!=e&&e!==1/0){var u=1/(r-e);t[10]=e*u,t[14]=e*r*u}else t[10]=-1,t[14]=-r;return t},perspectiveFromFieldOfView:function(t,a,n,r){var e=Math.tan(a.upDegrees*Math.PI/180),o=Math.tan(a.downDegrees*Math.PI/180),u=Math.tan(a.leftDegrees*Math.PI/180),h=Math.tan(a.rightDegrees*Math.PI/180M
),i=2/(u+h),M=2/(e+o);return t[0]=i,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=M,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=-(u-h)*i*.5,t[9]=(e-o)*M*.5,t[10]=r/(n-r),t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=r*n/(n-r),t[15]=0,t},orthoNO:h,ortho:i,orthoZO:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(a-n),i=1/(r-e),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=-2*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=-2*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=M,t[11]=0,t[12]=(a+n)*h,t[13]=(e+r)*i,t[14]=o*M,t[15]=1,t},lookAt:function(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v=a[0],b=a[1],m=a[2],p=r[0],d=r[1],y=r[2],x=n[0],g=n[1]M
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){return Math.hypot(t[0],t[1],t[2],t[3],t[4],t[5],t[6],t[7],t[8],t[9],t[10],t[11],t[12],t[13],t[14],t[15])},add:function(t,a,n){return t[0]=a[0]+n[0],t[1]=a[1]+n[1],t[2]=a[2]+n[2],t[3]=a[3]+n[3],t[4]=a[4]+n[4],t[5]=a[5]+n[5],t[6]=a[6]+n[6],t[7]=a[7]+n[7],t[8]=a[8]+n[8],t[9]=a[9]+n[9],t[10]=a[10]+n[10],t[11]=a[11]+n[11],t[12]=a[12]+n[12],t[13]=a[13]+n[13],t[14]=a[14]+n[14],t[15]=a[15]+n[15],t},subtract:M,multiplyScalar:function(t,a,n){return t[0]=a[0]*n,t[1]=a[1]*n,t[2]=a[2]*n,t[3]=a[3]*n,t[4]=a[4]*n,t[5]=a[5]*n,t[6M
]=a[6]*n,t[7]=a[7]*n,t[8]=a[8]*n,t[9]=a[9]*n,t[10]=a[10]*n,t[11]=a[11]*n,t[12]=a[12]*n,t[13]=a[13]*n,t[14]=a[14]*n,t[15]=a[15]*n,t},multiplyScalarAndAdd:function(t,a,n,r){return t[0]=a[0]+n[0]*r,t[1]=a[1]+n[1]*r,t[2]=a[2]+n[2]*r,t[3]=a[3]+n[3]*r,t[4]=a[4]+n[4]*r,t[5]=a[5]+n[5]*r,t[6]=a[6]+n[6]*r,t[7]=a[7]+n[7]*r,t[8]=a[8]+n[8]*r,t[9]=a[9]+n[9]*r,t[10]=a[10]+n[10]*r,t[11]=a[11]+n[11]*r,t[12]=a[12]+n[12]*r,t[13]=a[13]+n[13]*r,t[14]=a[14]+n[14]*r,t[15]=a[15]+n[15]*r,t},exactEquals:function(t,a){return t[0]===a[0]&&t[1M
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text/html;charset=utf-8
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?a(exports):"fuM
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,g=r*i-e*h,q=r*M-o*h,_=e*M-o*i,A=s*b-c*v,R=s*m-f*v,O=s*p-l*v,w=c*m-f*b,T=c*p-l*b,P=f*p-l*m,D=d*P-y*T+x*w+g*O-q*R+_*A;return D?(D=1/D,t[0]=(h*P-i*T+M*w)*D,t[1]=(e*T-r*P-o*w)*D,t[2]=(b*_-m*q+p*g)*D,t[3]=(f*q-c*_-l*g)*D,t[4]=(i*O-u*P-M*R)*D,t[5]=(n*P-e*O+o*R)*D,t[6]=(m*x-v*_-p*y)*D,t[7]=(s*_-f*x+l*y)*D,t[8]=(u*T-h*O+M*A)*D,t[9]=(r*O-n*T-o*A)*D,t[10]=(v*q-b*x+p*d)*D,t[11]=(c*x-s*q-l*d)*D,t[12]=(h*R-u*w-i*A)*D,t[13]=(n*w-r*R+e*A)*D,t[14]=(b*y-v*g-m*d)*D,t[15]=(s*g-c*y+f*d)*D,t):null},adjoint:function(t,a){var n=a[0],r=aM
[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=a[4],h=a[5],i=a[6],M=a[7],s=a[8],c=a[9],f=a[10],l=a[11],v=a[12],b=a[13],m=a[14],p=a[15],d=n*h-r*u,y=n*i-e*u,x=n*M-o*u,g=r*i-e*h,q=r*M-o*h,_=e*M-o*i,A=s*b-c*v,R=s*m-f*v,O=s*p-l*v,w=c*m-f*b,T=c*p-l*b,P=f*p-l*m;return t[0]=h*P-i*T+M*w,t[1]=e*T-r*P-o*w,t[2]=b*_-m*q+p*g,t[3]=f*q-c*_-l*g,t[4]=i*O-u*P-M*R,t[5]=n*P-e*O+o*R,t[6]=m*x-v*_-p*y,t[7]=s*_-f*x+l*y,t[8]=u*T-h*O+M*A,t[9]=r*O-n*T-o*A,t[10]=v*q-b*x+p*d,t[11]=c*x-s*q-l*d,t[12]=h*R-u*w-i*A,t[13]=n*w-r*R+e*A,t[14]=b*y-v*g-m*d,t[15]=s*g-c*y+f*d,t},deteM
rminant:function(t){var a=t[0],n=t[1],r=t[2],e=t[3],o=t[4],u=t[5],h=t[6],i=t[7],M=t[8],s=t[9],c=t[10],f=t[11],l=t[12],v=t[13],b=t[14],m=a*u-n*o,p=a*h-r*o,d=n*h-r*u,y=M*v-s*l,x=M*b-c*l,g=s*b-c*v;return i*(a*g-n*x+r*y)-e*(o*g-u*x+h*y)+t[15]*(M*d-s*p+c*m)-f*(l*d-v*p+b*m)},multiply:r,translate:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b=n[0],m=n[1],p=n[2];return a===t?(t[12]=a[0]*b+a[4]*m+a[8]*p+a[12],t[13]=a[1]*b+a[5]*m+a[9]*p+a[13],t[14]=a[2]*b+a[6]*m+a[10]*p+a[14],t[15]=a[3]*b+a[7]*m+a[11]*p+a[15]):(r=a[0],e=a[1],M
o=a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=a[8],f=a[9],l=a[10],v=a[11],t[0]=r,t[1]=e,t[2]=o,t[3]=u,t[4]=h,t[5]=i,t[6]=M,t[7]=s,t[8]=c,t[9]=f,t[10]=l,t[11]=v,t[12]=r*b+h*m+c*p+a[12],t[13]=e*b+i*m+f*p+a[13],t[14]=o*b+M*m+l*p+a[14],t[15]=u*b+s*m+v*p+a[15]),t},scale:function(t,a,n){var r=n[0],e=n[1],o=n[2];return t[0]=a[0]*r,t[1]=a[1]*r,t[2]=a[2]*r,t[3]=a[3]*r,t[4]=a[4]*e,t[5]=a[5]*e,t[6]=a[6]*e,t[7]=a[7]*e,t[8]=a[8]*o,t[9]=a[9]*o,t[10]=a[10]*o,t[11]=a[11]*o,t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15],t},rotate:fuM
nction(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b,m,p,d,y,x,g,q,_,A,R,O,w,T=r[0],P=r[1],D=r[2],z=Math.hypot(T,P,D);return z<S?null:(T*=z=1/z,P*=z,D*=z,e=Math.sin(n),u=1-(o=Math.cos(n)),h=a[0],i=a[1],M=a[2],s=a[3],c=a[4],f=a[5],l=a[6],v=a[7],b=a[8],m=a[9],p=a[10],d=a[11],y=T*T*u+o,x=P*T*u+D*e,g=D*T*u-P*e,q=T*P*u-D*e,_=P*P*u+o,A=D*P*u+T*e,R=T*D*u+P*e,O=P*D*u-T*e,w=D*D*u+o,t[0]=h*y+c*x+b*g,t[1]=i*y+f*x+m*g,t[2]=M*y+l*x+p*g,t[3]=s*y+v*x+d*g,t[4]=h*q+c*_+b*A,t[5]=i*q+f*_+m*A,t[6]=M*q+l*_+p*A,t[7]=s*q+v*_+d*A,t[8]=h*R+c*O+b*w,M
t[9]=i*R+f*O+m*w,t[10]=M*R+l*O+p*w,t[11]=s*R+v*O+d*w,a!==t&&(t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t)},rotateX:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[4],u=a[5],h=a[6],i=a[7],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t[3]=a[3],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[4]=o*e+M*r,t[5]=u*e+s*r,t[6]=h*e+c*r,t[7]=i*e+f*r,t[8]=M*e-o*r,t[9]=s*e-u*r,t[10]=c*e-h*r,t[11]=f*e-i*r,t},rotateY:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=M
a[3],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[4]=a[4],t[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[6],t[7]=a[7],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e-M*r,t[1]=u*e-s*r,t[2]=h*e-c*r,t[3]=i*e-f*r,t[8]=o*r+M*e,t[9]=u*r+s*e,t[10]=h*r+c*e,t[11]=i*r+f*e,t},rotateZ:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[4],s=a[5],c=a[6],f=a[7];return a!==t&&(t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e+M*r,t[1]=u*e+s*r,t[2]=h*e+c*r,t[3]=i*e+f*r,M
t[4]=M*e-o*r,t[5]=s*e-u*r,t[6]=c*e-h*r,t[7]=f*e-i*r,t},fromTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=a[0],t[13]=a[1],t[14]=a[2],t[15]=1,t},fromScaling:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=a[1],t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=a[2],t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotation:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u=n[0],h=n[1],i=n[2],M=Math.hypot(u,h,i);return M<S?null:(u*=M=1/M,h*=M,i*=M,r=Math.sin(a),o=1-(M
e=Math.cos(a)),t[0]=u*u*o+e,t[1]=h*u*o+i*r,t[2]=i*u*o-h*r,t[3]=0,t[4]=u*h*o-i*r,t[5]=h*h*o+e,t[6]=i*h*o+u*r,t[7]=0,t[8]=u*i*o+h*r,t[9]=h*i*o-u*r,t[10]=i*i*o+e,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t)},fromXRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=r,t[6]=n,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=-n,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromYRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=0,t[2]=-n,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]M
=n,t[9]=0,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromZRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=n,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=-n,t[5]=r,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslation:f,fromQuat2:function(t,a){var n=new p(3),r=-a[0],e=-a[1],o=-a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=r*r+e*e+o*o+u*u;return 0<c?(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*o-M*e)/c,n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o)/c,n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)/c):(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*o-M*e),n[1]=2*(M
i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o),n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)),f(t,a,n),t},getTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[12],t[1]=a[13],t[2]=a[14],t},getScaling:d,getRotation:function(t,a){var n=new p(3);d(n,a);var r=1/n[0],e=1/n[1],o=1/n[2],u=a[0]*r,h=a[1]*e,i=a[2]*o,M=a[4]*r,s=a[5]*e,c=a[6]*o,f=a[8]*r,l=a[9]*e,v=a[10]*o,b=u+s+v,m=0;return 0<b?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+b),t[3]=.25*m,t[0]=(c-l)/m,t[1]=(f-i)/m,t[2]=(h-M)/m):s<u&&v<u?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+u-s-v),t[3]=(c-l)/m,t[0]=.25*m,t[1]=(h+M)/m,t[2]=(f+i)/m):v<s?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+s-u-v),t[3]=(f-i)/m,M
t[0]=(h+M)/m,t[1]=.25*m,t[2]=(c+l)/m):(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+v-u-s),t[3]=(h-M)/m,t[0]=(f+i)/m,t[1]=(c+l)/m,t[2]=.25*m),t},decompose:function(t,a,n,r){a[0]=r[12],a[1]=r[13],a[2]=r[14];var e=r[0],o=r[1],u=r[2],h=r[4],i=r[5],M=r[6],s=r[8],c=r[9],f=r[10];n[0]=Math.hypot(e,o,u),n[1]=Math.hypot(h,i,M),n[2]=Math.hypot(s,c,f);var l=1/n[0],v=1/n[1],b=1/n[2],m=e*l,p=o*v,d=u*b,y=h*l,x=i*v,g=M*b,q=s*l,_=c*v,A=f*b,R=m+x+A,O=0;return 0<R?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+R),t[3]=.25*O,t[0]=(g-_)/O,t[1]=(q-d)/O,t[2]=(p-y)/O):x<m&&A<m?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+mM
-x-A),t[3]=(g-_)/O,t[0]=.25*O,t[1]=(p+y)/O,t[2]=(q+d)/O):A<x?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+x-m-A),t[3]=(q-d)/O,t[0]=(p+y)/O,t[1]=.25*O,t[2]=(g+_)/O):(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+A-m-x),t[3]=(p-y)/O,t[0]=(q+d)/O,t[1]=(g+_)/O,t[2]=.25*O),t},fromRotationTranslationScale:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2],h=a[3],i=e+e,M=o+o,s=u+u,c=e*i,f=e*M,l=e*s,v=o*M,b=o*s,m=u*s,p=h*i,d=h*M,y=h*s,x=r[0],g=r[1],q=r[2];return t[0]=(1-(v+m))*x,t[1]=(f+y)*x,t[2]=(l-d)*x,t[3]=0,t[4]=(f-y)*g,t[5]=(1-(c+m))*g,t[6]=(b+p)*g,t[7]=0,t[8]=(l+d)*q,t[9]=(b-p)*q,tM
[10]=(1-(c+v))*q,t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0],t[13]=n[1],t[14]=n[2],t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslationScaleOrigin:function(t,a,n,r,e){var o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=o+o,s=u+u,c=h+h,f=o*M,l=o*s,v=o*c,b=u*s,m=u*c,p=h*c,d=i*M,y=i*s,x=i*c,g=r[0],q=r[1],_=r[2],A=e[0],R=e[1],O=e[2],w=(1-(b+p))*g,T=(l+x)*g,P=(v-y)*g,D=(l-x)*q,z=(1-(f+p))*q,E=(m+d)*q,I=(v+y)*_,S=(m-d)*_,j=(1-(f+b))*_;return t[0]=w,t[1]=T,t[2]=P,t[3]=0,t[4]=D,t[5]=z,t[6]=E,t[7]=0,t[8]=I,t[9]=S,t[10]=j,t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0]+A-(w*A+D*R+I*O),t[13]=n[1]+R-(T*A+z*R+S*O),tM
[14]=n[2]+O-(P*A+E*R+j*O),t[15]=1,t},fromQuat:function(t,a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=n+n,h=r+r,i=e+e,M=n*u,s=r*u,c=r*h,f=e*u,l=e*h,v=e*i,b=o*u,m=o*h,p=o*i;return t[0]=1-c-v,t[1]=s+p,t[2]=f-m,t[3]=0,t[4]=s-p,t[5]=1-M-v,t[6]=l+b,t[7]=0,t[8]=f+m,t[9]=l-b,t[10]=1-M-c,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},frustum:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(n-a),i=1/(e-r),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=2*o*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=2*o*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=(n+a)*h,t[9]=(e+r)*i,t[10]=(u+o)*M,t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[M
14]=u*o*2*M,t[15]=0,t},perspectiveNO:e,perspective:u,perspectiveZO:function(t,a,n,r,e){var o=1/Math.tan(a/2);if(t[0]=o/n,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=o,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[15]=0,null!=e&&e!==1/0){var u=1/(r-e);t[10]=e*u,t[14]=e*r*u}else t[10]=-1,t[14]=-r;return t},perspectiveFromFieldOfView:function(t,a,n,r){var e=Math.tan(a.upDegrees*Math.PI/180),o=Math.tan(a.downDegrees*Math.PI/180),u=Math.tan(a.leftDegrees*Math.PI/180),h=Math.tan(a.rightDegrees*Math.PI/180),i=2/(u+h),M=2/(eM
+o);return t[0]=i,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=M,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=-(u-h)*i*.5,t[9]=(e-o)*M*.5,t[10]=r/(n-r),t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=r*n/(n-r),t[15]=0,t},orthoNO:h,ortho:i,orthoZO:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(a-n),i=1/(r-e),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=-2*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=-2*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=M,t[11]=0,t[12]=(a+n)*h,t[13]=(e+r)*i,t[14]=o*M,t[15]=1,t},lookAt:function(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v=a[0],b=a[1],m=a[2],p=r[0],d=r[1],y=r[2],x=n[0],g=n[1],q=n[2];return MatM
h.abs(v-x)<S&&Math.abs(b-g)<S&&Math.abs(m-q)<S?_(t):(s=v-x,c=b-g,f=m-q,e=d*(f*=l=1/Math.hypot(s,c,f))-y*(c*=l),o=y*(s*=l)-p*f,u=p*c-d*s,(l=Math.hypot(e,o,u))?(e*=l=1/l,o*=l,u*=l):u=o=e=0,h=c*u-f*o,i=f*e-s*u,M=s*o-c*e,(l=Math.hypot(h,i,M))?(h*=l=1/l,i*=l,M*=l):M=i=h=0,t[0]=e,t[1]=h,t[2]=s,t[3]=0,t[4]=o,t[5]=i,t[6]=c,t[7]=0,t[8]=u,t[9]=M,t[10]=f,t[11]=0,t[12]=-(e*v+o*b+u*m),t[13]=-(h*v+i*b+M*m),t[14]=-(s*v+c*b+f*m),t[15]=1,t)},targetTo:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2],h=r[0],i=r[1],M=r[2],s=e-n[0],c=o-n[1],M
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?a(exports):"fuM
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,g=r*i-e*h,q=r*M-o*h,_=e*M-o*i,A=s*b-c*v,R=s*m-f*v,O=s*p-l*v,w=c*m-f*b,T=c*p-l*b,P=f*p-l*m,D=d*P-y*T+x*w+g*O-q*R+_*A;return D?(D=1/D,t[0]=(h*P-i*T+M*w)*D,t[1]=(e*T-r*P-o*w)*D,t[2]=(b*_-m*q+p*g)*D,t[3]=(f*q-c*_-l*g)*D,t[4]=(i*O-u*P-M*R)*D,t[5]=(n*P-e*O+o*R)*D,t[6]=(m*x-v*_-p*y)*D,t[7]=(s*_-f*x+l*y)*D,t[8]=(u*T-h*O+M*A)*D,t[9]=(r*O-n*T-o*A)*D,t[10]=(v*q-b*x+p*d)*D,t[11]=(c*x-s*q-l*d)*D,t[12]=(h*R-u*w-i*A)*D,t[13]=(n*w-r*R+e*A)*D,t[14]=(b*y-v*g-m*d)*D,t[15]=(s*g-c*y+f*d)*D,t):null},adjoint:function(t,a){var n=a[0],r=aM
[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=a[4],h=a[5],i=a[6],M=a[7],s=a[8],c=a[9],f=a[10],l=a[11],v=a[12],b=a[13],m=a[14],p=a[15],d=n*h-r*u,y=n*i-e*u,x=n*M-o*u,g=r*i-e*h,q=r*M-o*h,_=e*M-o*i,A=s*b-c*v,R=s*m-f*v,O=s*p-l*v,w=c*m-f*b,T=c*p-l*b,P=f*p-l*m;return t[0]=h*P-i*T+M*w,t[1]=e*T-r*P-o*w,t[2]=b*_-m*q+p*g,t[3]=f*q-c*_-l*g,t[4]=i*O-u*P-M*R,t[5]=n*P-e*O+o*R,t[6]=m*x-v*_-p*y,t[7]=s*_-f*x+l*y,t[8]=u*T-h*O+M*A,t[9]=r*O-n*T-o*A,t[10]=v*q-b*x+p*d,t[11]=c*x-s*q-l*d,t[12]=h*R-u*w-i*A,t[13]=n*w-r*R+e*A,t[14]=b*y-v*g-m*d,t[15]=s*g-c*y+f*d,t},deteM
rminant:function(t){var a=t[0],n=t[1],r=t[2],e=t[3],o=t[4],u=t[5],h=t[6],i=t[7],M=t[8],s=t[9],c=t[10],f=t[11],l=t[12],v=t[13],b=t[14],m=a*u-n*o,p=a*h-r*o,d=n*h-r*u,y=M*v-s*l,x=M*b-c*l,g=s*b-c*v;return i*(a*g-n*x+r*y)-e*(o*g-u*x+h*y)+t[15]*(M*d-s*p+c*m)-f*(l*d-v*p+b*m)},multiply:r,translate:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b=n[0],m=n[1],p=n[2];return a===t?(t[12]=a[0]*b+a[4]*m+a[8]*p+a[12],t[13]=a[1]*b+a[5]*m+a[9]*p+a[13],t[14]=a[2]*b+a[6]*m+a[10]*p+a[14],t[15]=a[3]*b+a[7]*m+a[11]*p+a[15]):(r=a[0],e=a[1],M
o=a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=a[8],f=a[9],l=a[10],v=a[11],t[0]=r,t[1]=e,t[2]=o,t[3]=u,t[4]=h,t[5]=i,t[6]=M,t[7]=s,t[8]=c,t[9]=f,t[10]=l,t[11]=v,t[12]=r*b+h*m+c*p+a[12],t[13]=e*b+i*m+f*p+a[13],t[14]=o*b+M*m+l*p+a[14],t[15]=u*b+s*m+v*p+a[15]),t},scale:function(t,a,n){var r=n[0],e=n[1],o=n[2];return t[0]=a[0]*r,t[1]=a[1]*r,t[2]=a[2]*r,t[3]=a[3]*r,t[4]=a[4]*e,t[5]=a[5]*e,t[6]=a[6]*e,t[7]=a[7]*e,t[8]=a[8]*o,t[9]=a[9]*o,t[10]=a[10]*o,t[11]=a[11]*o,t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15],t},rotate:fuM
nction(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b,m,p,d,y,x,g,q,_,A,R,O,w,T=r[0],P=r[1],D=r[2],z=Math.hypot(T,P,D);return z<S?null:(T*=z=1/z,P*=z,D*=z,e=Math.sin(n),u=1-(o=Math.cos(n)),h=a[0],i=a[1],M=a[2],s=a[3],c=a[4],f=a[5],l=a[6],v=a[7],b=a[8],m=a[9],p=a[10],d=a[11],y=T*T*u+o,x=P*T*u+D*e,g=D*T*u-P*e,q=T*P*u-D*e,_=P*P*u+o,A=D*P*u+T*e,R=T*D*u+P*e,O=P*D*u-T*e,w=D*D*u+o,t[0]=h*y+c*x+b*g,t[1]=i*y+f*x+m*g,t[2]=M*y+l*x+p*g,t[3]=s*y+v*x+d*g,t[4]=h*q+c*_+b*A,t[5]=i*q+f*_+m*A,t[6]=M*q+l*_+p*A,t[7]=s*q+v*_+d*A,t[8]=h*R+c*O+b*w,M
t[9]=i*R+f*O+m*w,t[10]=M*R+l*O+p*w,t[11]=s*R+v*O+d*w,a!==t&&(t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t)},rotateX:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[4],u=a[5],h=a[6],i=a[7],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t[3]=a[3],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[4]=o*e+M*r,t[5]=u*e+s*r,t[6]=h*e+c*r,t[7]=i*e+f*r,t[8]=M*e-o*r,t[9]=s*e-u*r,t[10]=c*e-h*r,t[11]=f*e-i*r,t},rotateY:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=M
a[3],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[4]=a[4],t[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[6],t[7]=a[7],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e-M*r,t[1]=u*e-s*r,t[2]=h*e-c*r,t[3]=i*e-f*r,t[8]=o*r+M*e,t[9]=u*r+s*e,t[10]=h*r+c*e,t[11]=i*r+f*e,t},rotateZ:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[4],s=a[5],c=a[6],f=a[7];return a!==t&&(t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e+M*r,t[1]=u*e+s*r,t[2]=h*e+c*r,t[3]=i*e+f*r,M
t[4]=M*e-o*r,t[5]=s*e-u*r,t[6]=c*e-h*r,t[7]=f*e-i*r,t},fromTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=a[0],t[13]=a[1],t[14]=a[2],t[15]=1,t},fromScaling:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=a[1],t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=a[2],t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotation:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u=n[0],h=n[1],i=n[2],M=Math.hypot(u,h,i);return M<S?null:(u*=M=1/M,h*=M,i*=M,r=Math.sin(a),o=1-(M
e=Math.cos(a)),t[0]=u*u*o+e,t[1]=h*u*o+i*r,t[2]=i*u*o-h*r,t[3]=0,t[4]=u*h*o-i*r,t[5]=h*h*o+e,t[6]=i*h*o+u*r,t[7]=0,t[8]=u*i*o+h*r,t[9]=h*i*o-u*r,t[10]=i*i*o+e,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t)},fromXRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=r,t[6]=n,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=-n,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromYRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=0,t[2]=-n,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]M
=n,t[9]=0,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromZRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=n,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=-n,t[5]=r,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslation:f,fromQuat2:function(t,a){var n=new p(3),r=-a[0],e=-a[1],o=-a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=r*r+e*e+o*o+u*u;return 0<c?(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*o-M*e)/c,n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o)/c,n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)/c):(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*o-M*e),n[1]=2*(M
i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o),n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)),f(t,a,n),t},getTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[12],t[1]=a[13],t[2]=a[14],t},getScaling:d,getRotation:function(t,a){var n=new p(3);d(n,a);var r=1/n[0],e=1/n[1],o=1/n[2],u=a[0]*r,h=a[1]*e,i=a[2]*o,M=a[4]*r,s=a[5]*e,c=a[6]*o,f=a[8]*r,l=a[9]*e,v=a[10]*o,b=u+s+v,m=0;return 0<b?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+b),t[3]=.25*m,t[0]=(c-l)/m,t[1]=(f-i)/m,t[2]=(h-M)/m):s<u&&v<u?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+u-s-v),t[3]=(c-l)/m,t[0]=.25*m,t[1]=(h+M)/m,t[2]=(f+i)/m):v<s?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+s-u-v),t[3]=(f-i)/m,M
t[0]=(h+M)/m,t[1]=.25*m,t[2]=(c+l)/m):(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+v-u-s),t[3]=(h-M)/m,t[0]=(f+i)/m,t[1]=(c+l)/m,t[2]=.25*m),t},decompose:function(t,a,n,r){a[0]=r[12],a[1]=r[13],a[2]=r[14];var e=r[0],o=r[1],u=r[2],h=r[4],i=r[5],M=r[6],s=r[8],c=r[9],f=r[10];n[0]=Math.hypot(e,o,u),n[1]=Math.hypot(h,i,M),n[2]=Math.hypot(s,c,f);var l=1/n[0],v=1/n[1],b=1/n[2],m=e*l,p=o*v,d=u*b,y=h*l,x=i*v,g=M*b,q=s*l,_=c*v,A=f*b,R=m+x+A,O=0;return 0<R?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+R),t[3]=.25*O,t[0]=(g-_)/O,t[1]=(q-d)/O,t[2]=(p-y)/O):x<m&&A<m?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+mM
-x-A),t[3]=(g-_)/O,t[0]=.25*O,t[1]=(p+y)/O,t[2]=(q+d)/O):A<x?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+x-m-A),t[3]=(q-d)/O,t[0]=(p+y)/O,t[1]=.25*O,t[2]=(g+_)/O):(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+A-m-x),t[3]=(p-y)/O,t[0]=(q+d)/O,t[1]=(g+_)/O,t[2]=.25*O),t},fromRotationTranslationScale:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2],h=a[3],i=e+e,M=o+o,s=u+u,c=e*i,f=e*M,l=e*s,v=o*M,b=o*s,m=u*s,p=h*i,d=h*M,y=h*s,x=r[0],g=r[1],q=r[2];return t[0]=(1-(v+m))*x,t[1]=(f+y)*x,t[2]=(l-d)*x,t[3]=0,t[4]=(f-y)*g,t[5]=(1-(c+m))*g,t[6]=(b+p)*g,t[7]=0,t[8]=(l+d)*q,t[9]=(b-p)*q,tM
[10]=(1-(c+v))*q,t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0],t[13]=n[1],t[14]=n[2],t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslationScaleOrigin:function(t,a,n,r,e){var o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=o+o,s=u+u,c=h+h,f=o*M,l=o*s,v=o*c,b=u*s,m=u*c,p=h*c,d=i*M,y=i*s,x=i*c,g=r[0],q=r[1],_=r[2],A=e[0],R=e[1],O=e[2],w=(1-(b+p))*g,T=(l+x)*g,P=(v-y)*g,D=(l-x)*q,z=(1-(f+p))*q,E=(m+d)*q,I=(v+y)*_,S=(m-d)*_,j=(1-(f+b))*_;return t[0]=w,t[1]=T,t[2]=P,t[3]=0,t[4]=D,t[5]=z,t[6]=E,t[7]=0,t[8]=I,t[9]=S,t[10]=j,t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0]+A-(w*A+D*R+I*O),t[13]=n[1]+R-(T*A+z*R+S*O),tM
[14]=n[2]+O-(P*A+E*R+j*O),t[15]=1,t},fromQuat:function(t,a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=n+n,h=r+r,i=e+e,M=n*u,s=r*u,c=r*h,f=e*u,l=e*h,v=e*i,b=o*u,m=o*h,p=o*i;return t[0]=1-c-v,t[1]=s+p,t[2]=f-m,t[3]=0,t[4]=s-p,t[5]=1-M-v,t[6]=l+b,t[7]=0,t[8]=f+m,t[9]=l-b,t[10]=1-M-c,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},frustum:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(n-a),i=1/(e-r),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=2*o*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=2*o*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=(n+a)*h,t[9]=(e+r)*i,t[10]=(u+o)*M,t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[M
14]=u*o*2*M,t[15]=0,t},perspectiveNO:e,perspective:u,perspectiveZO:function(t,a,n,r,e){var o=1/Math.tan(a/2);if(t[0]=o/n,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=o,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[15]=0,null!=e&&e!==1/0){var u=1/(r-e);t[10]=e*u,t[14]=e*r*u}else t[10]=-1,t[14]=-r;return t},perspectiveFromFieldOfView:function(t,a,n,r){var e=Math.tan(a.upDegrees*Math.PI/180),o=Math.tan(a.downDegrees*Math.PI/180),u=Math.tan(a.leftDegrees*Math.PI/180),h=Math.tan(a.rightDegrees*Math.PI/180),i=2/(u+h),M=2/(eM
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px; color:lightblue;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof moduM
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[4]=c-d,t[5]=1-(s+b),t[6]=v+m,t[7]=0,t[8]=f+p,t[9]=v-m,t[10]=1-(s+l),t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0],t[13]=n[1],t[14]=n[2],t[15]=1,t}function d(t,a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[4],u=a[5],h=a[6],i=a[8],M=a[9],s=a[10];return t[0]=Math.hypot(n,r,e),t[1]=Math.hypot(o,u,h),t[2]=Math.hypot(i,M,s),t}function e(t,a,n,r,e){var o=1/Math.tan(a/2);if(t[0]=o/n,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=o,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[15]=0,null!=e&&e!==1/0){var u=1/(r-e);t[10]=(e+r)*u,t[14]=2*e*r*u}else t[10]=-1,t[14]=-2*r;rM
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t}var s=r,c=M,l=Object.freeze({__proto__:null,create:function(){var t=new p(16);return p!=Float32Array&&(t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0),t[0]=1,t[5]=1,t[10]=1,t[15]=1,t},clone:function(t){var a=new p(16);return a[0]=t[0],a[1]=t[1],a[2]=t[2],a[3]=t[3],a[4]=t[4],a[5]=t[5],a[6]=t[6],a[7]=t[7],a[8]=t[8],a[9]=t[9],a[10]=t[10],a[11]=t[11],a[12]=t[12],a[13]=t[13],a[14]=t[14],a[15]=t[15],a},copy:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t[3]=a[3],t[4]=a[4],tM
[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[6],t[7]=a[7],t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15],t},fromValues:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b){var m=new p(16);return m[0]=t,m[1]=a,m[2]=n,m[3]=r,m[4]=e,m[5]=o,m[6]=u,m[7]=h,m[8]=i,m[9]=M,m[10]=s,m[11]=c,m[12]=f,m[13]=l,m[14]=v,m[15]=b,m},set:function(t,a,n,r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b,m){return t[0]=a,t[1]=n,t[2]=r,t[3]=e,t[4]=o,t[5]=u,t[6]=h,t[7]=i,t[8]=M,t[9]=s,t[10]=c,t[11]=f,t[12]=l,t[13]=v,t[14]=b,t[15]=m,t},identity:_,transpose:fuM
nction(t,a){if(t===a){var n=a[1],r=a[2],e=a[3],o=a[6],u=a[7],h=a[11];t[1]=a[4],t[2]=a[8],t[3]=a[12],t[4]=n,t[6]=a[9],t[7]=a[13],t[8]=r,t[9]=o,t[11]=a[14],t[12]=e,t[13]=u,t[14]=h}else t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[4],t[2]=a[8],t[3]=a[12],t[4]=a[1],t[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[9],t[7]=a[13],t[8]=a[2],t[9]=a[6],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[14],t[12]=a[3],t[13]=a[7],t[14]=a[11],t[15]=a[15];return t},invert:function(t,a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=a[4],h=a[5],i=a[6],M=a[7],s=a[8],c=a[9],f=a[10],l=a[11],v=a[12],b=a[13],m=a[14],p=a[15],d=n*h-r*u,y=M
n*i-e*u,x=n*M-o*u,g=r*i-e*h,q=r*M-o*h,_=e*M-o*i,A=s*b-c*v,R=s*m-f*v,O=s*p-l*v,w=c*m-f*b,T=c*p-l*b,P=f*p-l*m,D=d*P-y*T+x*w+g*O-q*R+_*A;return D?(D=1/D,t[0]=(h*P-i*T+M*w)*D,t[1]=(e*T-r*P-o*w)*D,t[2]=(b*_-m*q+p*g)*D,t[3]=(f*q-c*_-l*g)*D,t[4]=(i*O-u*P-M*R)*D,t[5]=(n*P-e*O+o*R)*D,t[6]=(m*x-v*_-p*y)*D,t[7]=(s*_-f*x+l*y)*D,t[8]=(u*T-h*O+M*A)*D,t[9]=(r*O-n*T-o*A)*D,t[10]=(v*q-b*x+p*d)*D,t[11]=(c*x-s*q-l*d)*D,t[12]=(h*R-u*w-i*A)*D,t[13]=(n*w-r*R+e*A)*D,t[14]=(b*y-v*g-m*d)*D,t[15]=(s*g-c*y+f*d)*D,t):null},adjoint:function(t,M
a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[3],u=a[4],h=a[5],i=a[6],M=a[7],s=a[8],c=a[9],f=a[10],l=a[11],v=a[12],b=a[13],m=a[14],p=a[15],d=n*h-r*u,y=n*i-e*u,x=n*M-o*u,g=r*i-e*h,q=r*M-o*h,_=e*M-o*i,A=s*b-c*v,R=s*m-f*v,O=s*p-l*v,w=c*m-f*b,T=c*p-l*b,P=f*p-l*m;return t[0]=h*P-i*T+M*w,t[1]=e*T-r*P-o*w,t[2]=b*_-m*q+p*g,t[3]=f*q-c*_-l*g,t[4]=i*O-u*P-M*R,t[5]=n*P-e*O+o*R,t[6]=m*x-v*_-p*y,t[7]=s*_-f*x+l*y,t[8]=u*T-h*O+M*A,t[9]=r*O-n*T-o*A,t[10]=v*q-b*x+p*d,t[11]=c*x-s*q-l*d,t[12]=h*R-u*w-i*A,t[13]=n*w-r*R+e*A,t[14]=b*y-v*g-m*d,t[15]=s*M
g-c*y+f*d,t},determinant:function(t){var a=t[0],n=t[1],r=t[2],e=t[3],o=t[4],u=t[5],h=t[6],i=t[7],M=t[8],s=t[9],c=t[10],f=t[11],l=t[12],v=t[13],b=t[14],m=a*u-n*o,p=a*h-r*o,d=n*h-r*u,y=M*v-s*l,x=M*b-c*l,g=s*b-c*v;return i*(a*g-n*x+r*y)-e*(o*g-u*x+h*y)+t[15]*(M*d-s*p+c*m)-f*(l*d-v*p+b*m)},multiply:r,translate:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b=n[0],m=n[1],p=n[2];return a===t?(t[12]=a[0]*b+a[4]*m+a[8]*p+a[12],t[13]=a[1]*b+a[5]*m+a[9]*p+a[13],t[14]=a[2]*b+a[6]*m+a[10]*p+a[14],t[15]=a[3]*b+a[7]*m+a[11]*p+a[15]M
):(r=a[0],e=a[1],o=a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=a[8],f=a[9],l=a[10],v=a[11],t[0]=r,t[1]=e,t[2]=o,t[3]=u,t[4]=h,t[5]=i,t[6]=M,t[7]=s,t[8]=c,t[9]=f,t[10]=l,t[11]=v,t[12]=r*b+h*m+c*p+a[12],t[13]=e*b+i*m+f*p+a[13],t[14]=o*b+M*m+l*p+a[14],t[15]=u*b+s*m+v*p+a[15]),t},scale:function(t,a,n){var r=n[0],e=n[1],o=n[2];return t[0]=a[0]*r,t[1]=a[1]*r,t[2]=a[2]*r,t[3]=a[3]*r,t[4]=a[4]*e,t[5]=a[5]*e,t[6]=a[6]*e,t[7]=a[7]*e,t[8]=a[8]*o,t[9]=a[9]*o,t[10]=a[10]*o,t[11]=a[11]*o,t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=aM
[15],t},rotate:function(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b,m,p,d,y,x,g,q,_,A,R,O,w,T=r[0],P=r[1],D=r[2],z=Math.hypot(T,P,D);return z<S?null:(T*=z=1/z,P*=z,D*=z,e=Math.sin(n),u=1-(o=Math.cos(n)),h=a[0],i=a[1],M=a[2],s=a[3],c=a[4],f=a[5],l=a[6],v=a[7],b=a[8],m=a[9],p=a[10],d=a[11],y=T*T*u+o,x=P*T*u+D*e,g=D*T*u-P*e,q=T*P*u-D*e,_=P*P*u+o,A=D*P*u+T*e,R=T*D*u+P*e,O=P*D*u-T*e,w=D*D*u+o,t[0]=h*y+c*x+b*g,t[1]=i*y+f*x+m*g,t[2]=M*y+l*x+p*g,t[3]=s*y+v*x+d*g,t[4]=h*q+c*_+b*A,t[5]=i*q+f*_+m*A,t[6]=M*q+l*_+p*A,t[7]=s*q+v*_+d*A,M
t[8]=h*R+c*O+b*w,t[9]=i*R+f*O+m*w,t[10]=M*R+l*O+p*w,t[11]=s*R+v*O+d*w,a!==t&&(t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t)},rotateX:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[4],u=a[5],h=a[6],i=a[7],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t[3]=a[3],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[4]=o*e+M*r,t[5]=u*e+s*r,t[6]=h*e+c*r,t[7]=i*e+f*r,t[8]=M*e-o*r,t[9]=s*e-u*r,t[10]=c*e-h*r,t[11]=f*e-i*r,t},rotateY:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0]M
,u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[4]=a[4],t[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[6],t[7]=a[7],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e-M*r,t[1]=u*e-s*r,t[2]=h*e-c*r,t[3]=i*e-f*r,t[8]=o*r+M*e,t[9]=u*r+s*e,t[10]=h*r+c*e,t[11]=i*r+f*e,t},rotateZ:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[4],s=a[5],c=a[6],f=a[7];return a!==t&&(t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e+M*r,t[1]=u*e+s*r,t[2]=h*e+M
c*r,t[3]=i*e+f*r,t[4]=M*e-o*r,t[5]=s*e-u*r,t[6]=c*e-h*r,t[7]=f*e-i*r,t},fromTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=a[0],t[13]=a[1],t[14]=a[2],t[15]=1,t},fromScaling:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=a[1],t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=a[2],t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotation:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u=n[0],h=n[1],i=n[2],M=Math.hypot(u,h,i);return M<S?null:(u*=M=1/M,h*=M,i*=M,r=M
Math.sin(a),o=1-(e=Math.cos(a)),t[0]=u*u*o+e,t[1]=h*u*o+i*r,t[2]=i*u*o-h*r,t[3]=0,t[4]=u*h*o-i*r,t[5]=h*h*o+e,t[6]=i*h*o+u*r,t[7]=0,t[8]=u*i*o+h*r,t[9]=h*i*o-u*r,t[10]=i*i*o+e,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t)},fromXRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=r,t[6]=n,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=-n,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromYRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=0,t[2]=-n,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,tM
[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=n,t[9]=0,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromZRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=n,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=-n,t[5]=r,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotationTranslation:f,fromQuat2:function(t,a){var n=new p(3),r=-a[0],e=-a[1],o=-a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=r*r+e*e+o*o+u*u;return 0<c?(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+i*o-M*e)/c,n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o)/c,n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)/c):(n[0]=2*(h*u+s*r+M
i*o-M*e),n[1]=2*(i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o),n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)),f(t,a,n),t},getTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[12],t[1]=a[13],t[2]=a[14],t},getScaling:d,getRotation:function(t,a){var n=new p(3);d(n,a);var r=1/n[0],e=1/n[1],o=1/n[2],u=a[0]*r,h=a[1]*e,i=a[2]*o,M=a[4]*r,s=a[5]*e,c=a[6]*o,f=a[8]*r,l=a[9]*e,v=a[10]*o,b=u+s+v,m=0;return 0<b?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+b),t[3]=.25*m,t[0]=(c-l)/m,t[1]=(f-i)/m,t[2]=(h-M)/m):s<u&&v<u?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+u-s-v),t[3]=(c-l)/m,t[0]=.25*m,t[1]=(h+M)/m,t[2]=(f+i)/m):v<s?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+s-uM
-v),t[3]=(f-i)/m,t[0]=(h+M)/m,t[1]=.25*m,t[2]=(c+l)/m):(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+v-u-s),t[3]=(h-M)/m,t[0]=(f+i)/m,t[1]=(c+l)/m,t[2]=.25*m),t},decompose:function(t,a,n,r){a[0]=r[12],a[1]=r[13],a[2]=r[14];var e=r[0],o=r[1],u=r[2],h=r[4],i=r[5],M=r[6],s=r[8],c=r[9],f=r[10];n[0]=Math.hypot(e,o,u),n[1]=Math.hypot(h,i,M),n[2]=Math.hypot(s,c,f);var l=1/n[0],v=1/n[1],b=1/n[2],m=e*l,p=o*v,d=u*b,y=h*l,x=i*v,g=M*b,q=s*l,_=c*v,A=f*b,R=m+x+A,O=0;return 0<R?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+R),t[3]=.25*O,t[0]=(g-_)/O,t[1]=(q-d)/O,t[2]=(p-y)/O):x<m&&A<m?(M
O=2*Math.sqrt(1+m-x-A),t[3]=(g-_)/O,t[0]=.25*O,t[1]=(p+y)/O,t[2]=(q+d)/O):A<x?(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+x-m-A),t[3]=(q-d)/O,t[0]=(p+y)/O,t[1]=.25*O,t[2]=(g+_)/O):(O=2*Math.sqrt(1+A-m-x),t[3]=(p-y)/O,t[0]=(q+d)/O,t[1]=(g+_)/O,t[2]=.25*O),t},fromRotationTranslationScale:function(t,a,n,r){var e=a[0],o=a[1],u=a[2],h=a[3],i=e+e,M=o+o,s=u+u,c=e*i,f=e*M,l=e*s,v=o*M,b=o*s,m=u*s,p=h*i,d=h*M,y=h*s,x=r[0],g=r[1],q=r[2];return t[0]=(1-(v+m))*x,t[1]=(f+y)*x,t[2]=(l-d)*x,t[3]=0,t[4]=(f-y)*g,t[5]=(1-(c+m))*g,t[6]=(b+p)*g,t[7]=0,t[8]=(l+d)M
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?a(exports):"fuM
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=n[6],q=n[7],t[4]=y*r+x*h+g*c+q*b,t[5]=y*e+x*i+g*f+q*m,t[6]=y*o+x*M+g*l+q*p,t[7]=y*u+x*s+g*v+q*d,y=n[8],x=n[9],g=n[10],q=n[11],t[8]=y*r+x*h+g*c+q*b,t[9]=y*e+x*i+g*f+q*m,t[10]=y*o+x*M+g*l+q*p,t[11]=y*u+x*s+g*v+q*d,y=n[12],x=n[13],g=n[14],q=n[15],t[12]=y*r+x*h+g*c+q*b,t[13]=y*e+x*i+g*f+q*m,t[14]=y*o+x*M+g*l+q*p,t[15]=y*u+x*s+g*v+q*d,t}function f(t,a,n){var r=a[0],e=a[1],o=a[2],u=a[3],h=r+r,i=e+e,M=o+o,s=r*h,c=r*i,f=r*M,l=e*i,v=e*M,b=o*M,m=u*h,p=u*i,d=u*M;return t[0]=1-(l+b),t[1]=c+d,t[2]=f-p,t[3]=0,t[4]=c-d,t[5]=1-(sM
+b),t[6]=v+m,t[7]=0,t[8]=f+p,t[9]=v-m,t[10]=1-(s+l),t[11]=0,t[12]=n[0],t[13]=n[1],t[14]=n[2],t[15]=1,t}function d(t,a){var n=a[0],r=a[1],e=a[2],o=a[4],u=a[5],h=a[6],i=a[8],M=a[9],s=a[10];return t[0]=Math.hypot(n,r,e),t[1]=Math.hypot(o,u,h),t[2]=Math.hypot(i,M,s),t}function e(t,a,n,r,e){var o=1/Math.tan(a/2);if(t[0]=o/n,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=o,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[11]=-1,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[15]=0,null!=e&&e!==1/0){var u=1/(r-e);t[10]=(e+r)*u,t[14]=2*e*r*u}else t[10]=-1,t[14]=-2*r;return t}var u=e;fM
unction h(t,a,n,r,e,o,u){var h=1/(a-n),i=1/(r-e),M=1/(o-u);return t[0]=-2*h,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=-2*i,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=2*M,t[11]=0,t[12]=(a+n)*h,t[13]=(e+r)*i,t[14]=(u+o)*M,t[15]=1,t}var i=h;function M(t,a,n){return t[0]=a[0]-n[0],t[1]=a[1]-n[1],t[2]=a[2]-n[2],t[3]=a[3]-n[3],t[4]=a[4]-n[4],t[5]=a[5]-n[5],t[6]=a[6]-n[6],t[7]=a[7]-n[7],t[8]=a[8]-n[8],t[9]=a[9]-n[9],t[10]=a[10]-n[10],t[11]=a[11]-n[11],t[12]=a[12]-n[12],t[13]=a[13]-n[13],t[14]=a[14]-n[14],t[15]=a[15]-n[15],t}var s=r,c=M,l=OM
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rminant:function(t){var a=t[0],n=t[1],r=t[2],e=t[3],o=t[4],u=t[5],h=t[6],i=t[7],M=t[8],s=t[9],c=t[10],f=t[11],l=t[12],v=t[13],b=t[14],m=a*u-n*o,p=a*h-r*o,d=n*h-r*u,y=M*v-s*l,x=M*b-c*l,g=s*b-c*v;return i*(a*g-n*x+r*y)-e*(o*g-u*x+h*y)+t[15]*(M*d-s*p+c*m)-f*(l*d-v*p+b*m)},multiply:r,translate:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b=n[0],m=n[1],p=n[2];return a===t?(t[12]=a[0]*b+a[4]*m+a[8]*p+a[12],t[13]=a[1]*b+a[5]*m+a[9]*p+a[13],t[14]=a[2]*b+a[6]*m+a[10]*p+a[14],t[15]=a[3]*b+a[7]*m+a[11]*p+a[15]):(r=a[0],e=a[1],M
o=a[2],u=a[3],h=a[4],i=a[5],M=a[6],s=a[7],c=a[8],f=a[9],l=a[10],v=a[11],t[0]=r,t[1]=e,t[2]=o,t[3]=u,t[4]=h,t[5]=i,t[6]=M,t[7]=s,t[8]=c,t[9]=f,t[10]=l,t[11]=v,t[12]=r*b+h*m+c*p+a[12],t[13]=e*b+i*m+f*p+a[13],t[14]=o*b+M*m+l*p+a[14],t[15]=u*b+s*m+v*p+a[15]),t},scale:function(t,a,n){var r=n[0],e=n[1],o=n[2];return t[0]=a[0]*r,t[1]=a[1]*r,t[2]=a[2]*r,t[3]=a[3]*r,t[4]=a[4]*e,t[5]=a[5]*e,t[6]=a[6]*e,t[7]=a[7]*e,t[8]=a[8]*o,t[9]=a[9]*o,t[10]=a[10]*o,t[11]=a[11]*o,t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15],t},rotate:fuM
nction(t,a,n,r){var e,o,u,h,i,M,s,c,f,l,v,b,m,p,d,y,x,g,q,_,A,R,O,w,T=r[0],P=r[1],D=r[2],z=Math.hypot(T,P,D);return z<S?null:(T*=z=1/z,P*=z,D*=z,e=Math.sin(n),u=1-(o=Math.cos(n)),h=a[0],i=a[1],M=a[2],s=a[3],c=a[4],f=a[5],l=a[6],v=a[7],b=a[8],m=a[9],p=a[10],d=a[11],y=T*T*u+o,x=P*T*u+D*e,g=D*T*u-P*e,q=T*P*u-D*e,_=P*P*u+o,A=D*P*u+T*e,R=T*D*u+P*e,O=P*D*u-T*e,w=D*D*u+o,t[0]=h*y+c*x+b*g,t[1]=i*y+f*x+m*g,t[2]=M*y+l*x+p*g,t[3]=s*y+v*x+d*g,t[4]=h*q+c*_+b*A,t[5]=i*q+f*_+m*A,t[6]=M*q+l*_+p*A,t[7]=s*q+v*_+d*A,t[8]=h*R+c*O+b*w,M
t[9]=i*R+f*O+m*w,t[10]=M*R+l*O+p*w,t[11]=s*R+v*O+d*w,a!==t&&(t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t)},rotateX:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[4],u=a[5],h=a[6],i=a[7],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[0]=a[0],t[1]=a[1],t[2]=a[2],t[3]=a[3],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[4]=o*e+M*r,t[5]=u*e+s*r,t[6]=h*e+c*r,t[7]=i*e+f*r,t[8]=M*e-o*r,t[9]=s*e-u*r,t[10]=c*e-h*r,t[11]=f*e-i*r,t},rotateY:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=M
a[3],M=a[8],s=a[9],c=a[10],f=a[11];return a!==t&&(t[4]=a[4],t[5]=a[5],t[6]=a[6],t[7]=a[7],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e-M*r,t[1]=u*e-s*r,t[2]=h*e-c*r,t[3]=i*e-f*r,t[8]=o*r+M*e,t[9]=u*r+s*e,t[10]=h*r+c*e,t[11]=i*r+f*e,t},rotateZ:function(t,a,n){var r=Math.sin(n),e=Math.cos(n),o=a[0],u=a[1],h=a[2],i=a[3],M=a[4],s=a[5],c=a[6],f=a[7];return a!==t&&(t[8]=a[8],t[9]=a[9],t[10]=a[10],t[11]=a[11],t[12]=a[12],t[13]=a[13],t[14]=a[14],t[15]=a[15]),t[0]=o*e+M*r,t[1]=u*e+s*r,t[2]=h*e+c*r,t[3]=i*e+f*r,M
t[4]=M*e-o*r,t[5]=s*e-u*r,t[6]=c*e-h*r,t[7]=f*e-i*r,t},fromTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=1,t[11]=0,t[12]=a[0],t[13]=a[1],t[14]=a[2],t[15]=1,t},fromScaling:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[0],t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=a[1],t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=0,t[10]=a[2],t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromRotation:function(t,a,n){var r,e,o,u=n[0],h=n[1],i=n[2],M=Math.hypot(u,h,i);return M<S?null:(u*=M=1/M,h*=M,i*=M,r=Math.sin(a),o=1-(M
e=Math.cos(a)),t[0]=u*u*o+e,t[1]=h*u*o+i*r,t[2]=i*u*o-h*r,t[3]=0,t[4]=u*h*o-i*r,t[5]=h*h*o+e,t[6]=i*h*o+u*r,t[7]=0,t[8]=u*i*o+h*r,t[9]=h*i*o-u*r,t[10]=i*i*o+e,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t)},fromXRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=1,t[1]=0,t[2]=0,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=r,t[6]=n,t[7]=0,t[8]=0,t[9]=-n,t[10]=r,t[11]=0,t[12]=0,t[13]=0,t[14]=0,t[15]=1,t},fromYRotation:function(t,a){var n=Math.sin(a),r=Math.cos(a);return t[0]=r,t[1]=0,t[2]=-n,t[3]=0,t[4]=0,t[5]=1,t[6]=0,t[7]=0,t[8]M
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i*u+s*e+M*r-h*o),n[2]=2*(M*u+s*o+h*e-i*r)),f(t,a,n),t},getTranslation:function(t,a){return t[0]=a[12],t[1]=a[13],t[2]=a[14],t},getScaling:d,getRotation:function(t,a){var n=new p(3);d(n,a);var r=1/n[0],e=1/n[1],o=1/n[2],u=a[0]*r,h=a[1]*e,i=a[2]*o,M=a[4]*r,s=a[5]*e,c=a[6]*o,f=a[8]*r,l=a[9]*e,v=a[10]*o,b=u+s+v,m=0;return 0<b?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+b),t[3]=.25*m,t[0]=(c-l)/m,t[1]=(f-i)/m,t[2]=(h-M)/m):s<u&&v<u?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+u-s-v),t[3]=(c-l)/m,t[0]=.25*m,t[1]=(h+M)/m,t[2]=(f+i)/m):v<s?(m=2*Math.sqrt(1+s-u-v),t[3]=(f-i)/m,M
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FjDOUT:9B4D55BCBAD07E06F1EB4F913073EDBE9D81D65A5426E2E752318F2F881DBFF6
The laundry I would do with the baby on my back. If society has defined this task as belonging to the feminine gender, humanism and heart urge us to break the codes and rebalance things.
I am the Laundry Master, I have a title, I wear the most beautiful dress today to show, to claim this essential function!
Through this portrait, my vision cM
hallenges the male "head of the family" of a mainly patriarchal society in which domestic tasks are traditionally reserved for women.
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><title>Ordinal Loops x Rocks</title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><style type="text/css">body,html{margin-top:2rem;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}.container{width:100%;height:100%;font-family:monospace;text-align:center;font-size:12px;}</style></head><body><pre class="container" id="canvasElem"></pre><script>!function(t,a){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?a(exports):"fuM
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